Artykuły w czasopismach: „Brassica – Breeding”

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Czajka, Agnieszka, Monika Markiewicz, Beata Kowalska i Urszula Smolińska. "Reaction of clubroot-resistant genotypes of Brassica rapa, Brassica napus and Brassica oleracea to Polish Plasmodiophora brassicae pathotypes in laboratory tests". European Journal of Plant Pathology 158, nr 2 (26.08.2020): 533–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10658-020-02100-y.

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Abstract The Brassica genotypes selected for the experiments were previously found to be resistant to various Plasmodiophora brassicae pathotypes (Pb). Their interaction with pathotypes Pb2, Pb3 and Pb9 isolated in Poland was studied, using macroscopic observation for the presence of root galls, microscopic observations of P. brassicae plasmodia in the root hairs and quantitative PCR for determination of the pathogen’s quantity in plant roots and growing media. Of the Brassica genotypes studied, only B. rapa var. capitata line AABBcc was fully resistant to all the Polish pathotypes of P. brassicae. Some of the other “clubroot-resistant” genotypes tested were resistant to selected pathotypes, e.g. Brassica napus var. rapifera ‘Wilhelmsburger’ to Pb 2 and Pb3, Brassica oleracea var. capitata ‘Kilaton F1’ to Pb2 and Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis ‘Bilko F1’ to Pb3, but were susceptible to others. B. oleracea var. capitata ‘Bindsachsener’, B. oleracea var. acephala subvar. lacinata ‘Verheul’ and B. napus var. napus ‘Mendel F1’ were moderately to highly susceptible to all Polish P. brassicae pathotypes. These results show that the classification of virulence of P. brassicae pathotypes selected in various areas differs significantly toward the same Brasssica genotypes and puts in question the practical value of pathotype classification determined with differential sets for farmers and plant breeders. Our results showed that B. rapa var. capitata AABBcc line, B. napus var. rapifera ‘Wilhelmsburger’, B. oleracea var. capitata ‘Kilaton F1’, B. rapa subsp. pekinensis ‘Bilko F1’ could be considered in Brassica breeding programmes as a source of resistance to Polish P. brassicae isolates.

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Hasan, Jakir, Swati Megha i Habibur Rahman. "Clubroot in Brassica: recent advances in genomics, breeding, and disease management". Genome 64, nr 8 (sierpień 2021): 735–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2020-0089.

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Clubroot disease, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, affects Brassica oilseed and vegetable production worldwide. This review is focused on various aspects of clubroot disease and its management, including understanding the pathogen and resistance in the host plants. Advances in genetics, molecular biology techniques, and omics research have helped to identify several major loci, QTL, and genes from the Brassica genomes involved in the control of clubroot resistance. Transcriptomic studies have helped to extend our understanding of the mechanism of infection by the pathogen and the molecular basis of resistance/susceptibility in the host plants. A comprehensive understanding of the clubroot disease and host resistance would allow developing a better strategy by integrating the genetic resistance with cultural practices to manage this disease from a long-term perspective.

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Chahil, Gurminder Singh, i Jagdev Singh Kular. "Biology of Pieris Brassicae (Linn.) on Different Brassica Species in the Plains of Punjab". Journal of Plant Protection Research 53, nr 1 (1.01.2013): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jppr-2013-0008.

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Abstract Biology of Pieris brassicae reared on Brassica napus, B. juncea, B. rapa, and B. carinata was studied. Adult butterflies, collected in November from the plains of Punjab, India, were sexed, paired, and released onto the four Brassica spp. in a greenhouse. In a multigeneration study (Parental, F1, and F2), the effect of the four Brassica spp. on the egg laying, incubation period and hatching percentage was assessed in a greenhouse study. Hatched larvae were collected, reared on fresh leaves of respective Brassica spp, in laboratory conditions. Data collected on larval stadia, pre-pupal and pupal durations, adult longevity, and sex ratio were assessed to understand the effects of these four species. Of the four species, B. carinata, with a shorter incubation period, higher hatching percentage, and shorter developmental periods was most susceptible. In this study, B. rapa was the most resistant species and may be recommended for further breeding programs in order to reduce the economic damage caused by P. brassicae.

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Stringam, G. R., V. K. Bansal, M. R. Thiagarajah, D. F. Degenhardt i J. P. Tewari. "Development of an agronomically superior blackleg resistant canola cultivar in Brassica napus L. using doubled haploidy". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 75, nr 2 (1.04.1995): 437–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps95-072.

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The doubled haploid breeding method and greenhouse screening using cotyledon bio-assay were successfully applied to transfer blackleg resistance from the Australian cultivar Maluka (Brassicas napus), into susceptible advanced B. napus lines from the University of Alberta. This approach for blackleg resistance breeding was effective and efficient as several superior blackleg resistant breeding lines were identified within 4 yr from the initial cross. One of these lines (91–21864NA) was entered in the 1993 trials of the Western Canada Canola/Rapeseed Recommending Committee. Key words: Blackleg resistance, Leptosphaeria maculans, doubled haploid, Brassica napus

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Raijiciv, T. S., M. Ivancevic, D. Stevanovic i D. Vinterhalter. "BREEDING BRASSICA VEGETABLE CROPS IN YUGOSLAVIA". Acta Horticulturae, nr 539 (październik 2000): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2000.539.15.

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NWANKITI, OGUGUA. "Cytogenetic and breeding studies with Brassica". Hereditas 66, nr 1 (2.09.2009): 109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1970.tb02338.x.

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Gabrielson, R. L., i Józef Robak. "Temperature sensitivity of resistance to two pathotypes of Plasmodiophora brassicae in Brassica oleracea". Acta Agrobotanica 41, nr 2 (2013): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.1988.013.

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Several methods were evaluated in an attempt to develop a greenhouse screening procedure that would predict field resistance of brassica breeding lines to clubroot disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae. Several Brassica oleracea cultivars and breeding lines bred for resistance to Plasmodiophora brassicae and a susceptible Chinese cabbage cultivar were exposed to high levels of inoculum of both pathotypes PB 6, PB 7 at 12, 15, 20, 25 and 30°C. No infection occurred on any host at 12°C. Chinese cabbage was heavily diseased from 15-30°C. Bagder Shipper cabbage, a cauliflower deriving resistance from this variety, and Oregon CR-1 broccoli were resistant to pathotype PB 6 at 15 and 20°C and partially resistant at 25 and 30°C. They were resistant to pathotype PB 7 and 15°C and almost totally susceptible at 20, 25° and 30°C. Oregon cabbage line OR 123 was resistant to pathotype PB 6 at 15°C at almost completely susceptible at 20, 25 and 30°C. It was resistant to pathotype PB 7 at all temperatures. Temperature sensitivity of resistance can partially explain why breeding lines are resistant in field trials and susceptible in greenhouse tests.

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Jakir Hasan, Muhammad, Stephen E. Strelkov, Ronald J. Howard i Habibur Rahman. "Screening of Brassica germplasm for resistance to Plasmodiophora brassicae pathotypes prevalent in Canada for broadening diversity in clubroot resistance". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 92, nr 3 (maj 2012): 501–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2010-006.

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Hasan, M. J., Strelkov, S. E., Howard, R. J. and Rahman, H. 2012. Screening of Brassica germplasm for resistance to Plasmodiophora brassicae pathotypes prevalent in Canada for broadening diversity in clubroot resistance. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 501–515. Clubroot disease of crucifers, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, poses a threat to the Canadian canola industry, and the development of resistant cultivars is urgently needed. Germplasm resistant to local pathotype(s) is the prime requirement for breeding clubroot-resistant cultivars. The objective of this study was to identify Brassica germplasm possessing resistance to P. brassicae pathotypes prevalent in Alberta. Pathotype-specific resistance was identified in the diploid species Brassica rapa (AA) and B. oleracea (CC), and in the amphidiploid B. napus (AACC). Among B. rapa genotypes, turnip was the most resistant, followed by winter type and spring type oilseed rape. The rutabaga group of B. napus, on the other hand, was homogeneous for resistance to Canadian P. brassicae pathotypes. The diploid species B. nigra (BB) also showed pathotype-specific resistance. However, the two amphidiploids carrying the B. nigra genome, B. juncea (AABB) and B. carinata (BBCC) were completely susceptible to clubroot.

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Farid, Mehdi, Rong-Cai Yang, Berisso Kebede i Habibur Rahman. "Evaluation of Brassica oleracea accessions for resistance to Plasmodiophora brassicae and identification of genomic regions associated with resistance". Genome 63, nr 2 (luty 2020): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2019-0098.

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Clubroot disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae is a challenge to Brassica crop production. Breakdown of resistance controlled by major genes of the Brassica A genome has been reported. Therefore, identification of resistance in the Brassica C genome is needed to broaden the genetic base of resistance in Brassica napus canola. In this study, we evaluated 135 Brassica oleracea accessions, belonging to eight variants of this species to identify resistant accessions as well as to identify the genomic regions associated with resistance to two recently evolved P. brassicae pathotypes, F3-14 (3A) and F-359-13 (5X L-G2). Resistance to these pathotypes was observed more frequently in var. acephala (kale) followed by var. capitata (cabbage); few accessions also carried resistance to both pathotypes. Association mapping using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers developed through genotyping by sequencing technique identified 10 quantitative trait loci (QTL) from six C-genome chromosomes to be associated with resistance to these pathotypes; among these, two QTL associated with resistance to 3A and one QTL associated with resistance to 5X L-G2 carried ≥3 SNP markers. The 10 QTL identified in this study individually accounted for 8%–18% of the total phenotypic variance. Thus, the results from this study can be used in molecular breeding of Brassica crops for resistance to this disease.

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De Jong, Van, B. E. Braithwaite, T. L. Roush, A. Stewart i J. G. Hampton. "Opportunities for developing value-added brassica seed". NZGA: Research and Practice Series 14 (1.01.2010): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.14.2008.3174.

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New Zealand produces approximately 5,500 tonnes of brassica seed per year, two thirds of which, valued at $13M, is exported. Black rot caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris is a common disease of brassicas, and while crop losses are not extensive in New Zealand, internationally total crop losses have been reported. Seeds are the primary source of inoculum and the ease with which this inoculum spreads means that even small traces can cause severe epidemics. Genetic resistance to black rot is a complex trait which makes breeding for resistance in brassicas challenging. The effectiveness of chemical and cultural practices is variable. Biological control with natural antagonistic microbes may provide a more effective means of controlling black rot and other pests and diseases, and create opportunities for increasing the export value of brassica seed. Current cultural practices and the potential for biological control for the management of black rot are reviewed. Keywords: biocontrol, Brassicaceae, crucifer

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Spaner, D. "Agronomic and horticultural characters of rutabaga in eastern Canada". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 82, nr 1 (1.01.2002): 221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p01-086.

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Rutabaga (Brassica napus ssp. rapifera) is one of the most important field-grown vegetable crops in eastern Canada. The objective here was to report on the agronomic and horticultural potential of available genotypes in this region. Results from a 3-yr trial of 16 genotypes indicated a wide range of variation for all traits. Three Canadian and two European genotypes were ranked highest, employing a composite index of several traits, including clubroot tolerance. Clubroot tolerance is a major determinant of overall phenotype in eastern Canada, and future breeding programs should consider the importance of this trait. Key words: Swede, Newfoundland, Brassica napus ssp. rapifera (Metzg.) Sinsk, clubroot, Plasmodiophora brassicae

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El-Esawi, Mohamed A. "Genetic diversity and evolution of Brassica genetic resources: from morphology to novel genomic technologies – a review". Plant Genetic Resources 15, nr 5 (16.03.2016): 388–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262116000058.

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AbstractBrassica species have an economic and medicinal importance. Estimation of the amount and distribution of genetic diversity within Brassica species is essential for establishing efficient management, conservation and breeding practices. This review discusses the taxonomy, gene pool, and Brassica-derived phytochemicals and their nutraceutical importance. It also surveys the recently advanced studies of the genetic diversity and phylogenetic studies of Brassica species at the level of morphological, cytological, biochemical and molecular markers that have proven to be useful for evaluating the genetic variation, taxonomic relationships and species identity, and could be useful for improving Brassica crops through future promising breeding programmes.

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Banga, S. S. "GENETICS AND BREEDING IN BRASSICA OILSEED CROPS". Acta Horticulturae, nr 459 (kwiecień 1998): 389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1998.459.46.

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Marjanovic-Jeromela, Ana, Aleksandra Dimitrijevic, Sreten Terzic, Aleksandar Mikic, Jovanka Atlagic, Dragana Miladinovic, Mirjana Jankulovska, Jasna Savic i Wolfgang Friedt. "Applying Mendelian rules in rapeseed (Brassica napus) breeding". Genetika 48, nr 3 (2016): 1077–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1603077m.

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Rapeseed is one of the most important sources of edible oil, raw material for industry, as well as feed. The yield and quality of rapeseed have significantly been improved in recent decades as a result of intensive breeding and optimized production technology. The application of Mendel's rules in introducing monogenic traits has also contributed to success in rapeseed breeding. Rule 1, which refers to the uniformity of F1 generation, is now the basis of widespread development of rapeseed hybrids. Rule 2, dealing with genetic segregation in the F2 generation, is the basis for understanding the process of breeding lines. Rule 3, regarding the independent segregation of genes and traits, while exempting linked traits, is the basis of combining different desirable properties by selection. In the last few decades, the systematic use of Mendel's rules has contributed to the improvement of many properties of rapeseed, including tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress, yield and seed quality. Particular progress has been made in breeding for resistance to diseases, including the identification of molecular markers for marker-assisted selection. The next objective of rapeseed breeding is to create varieties with improved tolerance to environmental stress (e.g. frost, heat, and drought). Based on Mendel's rules, classical breeding methods and the latest developments in the field of molecular genetics and breeding, future progress is expected in the field of rapeseed breeding with an emphasis on polygenic, quantitative traits such as biomass, seed, and oil yield.

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Klein-Gebbinck, H. W., i D. L. Woods. "Number of check rows required to select summer turnip rape for resistance to brown girdling root rot". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 84, nr 2 (1.04.2004): 691–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p03-132.

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Brown girdling root rot is a devastating disease of canola (Brassica rapa) in the Peace river region. Breeding for resistance to this disease up to now has relied on field screening, with every alternate row as a check. Examination of the distribution of brown girdling root rot from spaced rows of Brassica rapa ‘Tobin’ revealed that there would be a minimal loss of precision in breeding programs by reducing the frequency of check rows to one in four, which represents a considerable saving in cost compared with the current practice. Key words: Turnip rape, Brassica rapa, brown girdling root rot, resistance, selection technique

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Kučera, V., M. Vyvadilová i M. Klíma. "Utilisation of doubled haploids in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) breeding". Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 38, No. 1 (30.07.2012): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6110-cjgpb.

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A survey of development and prospects of the utilisation of doubled haploid techniques in rapeseed breeding in the world and in the Czech Republic is presented. The first utilisation of spontaneously occurred haploids from Brassica napus inbreeding programmes is described. The development of techniques of anther and later microspore culture is outlined. Special emphasis is given to the practical use of doubled haploids for the improvement of the effectiveness of breeding new productive cultivars. Some partial results of evaluation of yield parameters and resistance to important diseases in the obtained doubled haploid lines of winter oilseed rape are shown. The literary review and present results indicate, that the doubled haploid technique can be effectively used for the development of homozygous oilseed rape lines as an alternative to conventional methods.

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Bhatiya, B. S., K. S. Bisht, Pankaj Rautela i R. P. Awasthi. "Morphological, cultural and pathogenic variability in Alternaria brassicae, the causing agent of black spot of rapeseed and mustard". Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8, nr 2 (1.06.2016): 840–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i2.882.

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The study on pathogenic diversity of twenty isolates of Alternaria brassicae collected from different locations of Uttarakhand and Central Uttar Pradesh infecting Brassica species (Brassica rapa, Brassica juncea and Eruca sativa) revealed that there was a distinct difference among isolates in terms of mycelial growth, spore length, width, spore beak length and width. The average spore length varied from 21.23Î¼m to 38.13Î¼m with minimum of isolate AUA-19, AUA-43 i.e 21.23Î¼m and maximum of AUA-47 i.e. 38.13Î¼m . The isolates tested on Brassica juncea var.Varuna in green house conditions revealed that all the twenty isolates behaved differently. Among all the isolates, Brassica juncea isolates i.e. AUA-25, AUA-39, AUA-41, AUA-47, AUA-19, AUA-24, AUA-22, AUA-21, AUA-31, AUA-43 and AUA-45 from Uttarakhand, and AUP-29 from Central Uttar Pradesh can be grouped into highly pathogenic with range of Alternaria spot size i.e. 5.03-8.30mm in diameter, while isolate of Eruca sativa i.e. AUA-38 was found least pathogenic with 1.63mm in dia. and eight isolates AUA-18, AUA-20, AUA-23, AUP-28, AUA-32, AUA-33 and AUA-36 were found moderately pathogenic. This study will be useful in developing integrated management strategies of Alternaria leaf spot and breeding programs of oilseed crops (Brassica sp.).

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Iqbal, M. C. M., i C. Moellers. "Double Haploids in Brassica napus L. Breeding Programs". Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 2, nr 4 (15.09.1999): 1197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.1999.1197.1202.

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Woods, D. L., T. K. Turkington, D. McLaren i J. G. N. Davidson. "Breeding summer turnip rape for resistance to brown girdling root rot". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 80, nr 1 (1.01.2000): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p99-023.

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Screening of 260 Brassica rapa lines resulted in identification of five lines with partial resistance to brown girdling root rot (BGRR). A method for simultaneously selecting for canola quality traits and reduced disease susceptibility was developed and used to screen progeny of crosses to BGRR susceptible canola quality lines. Key words: Turnip rape, Brassica rapa, brown girdling root rot, resistance

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Lydiate, Derek, Andrew Sharpe, Ulf Lagercrantz i Isobel Parkin. "Mapping the Brassica Genome". Outlook on Agriculture 22, nr 2 (czerwiec 1993): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709302200204.

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The six cultivated species of Brassica furnish a wide range of crop types (including oilseed, vegetable and fodder crops) which seem quite different when observed under normal cultivation (Figure 1). However, Brassica species and a large number of other wild and cultivated species are all closely related (Figure 2) and genetic exchange through sexual crosses is possible across most of this very extensive gene pool. Traditionally, the investigation of genome organization in plants has employed cytology to study chromosomes and genetic markers to define linkage groups. Cytology is difficult in Brassica because the chromosomes are small, but the genus is very amenable to investigations using molecular-genetic markers because of the high degree of natural polymorphism. Gene homology and the general structure of the genome seems to be conserved between Brassica and related genera and modern marker technologies are freely interchangeable across this group. However, the collinearity of related chromosomes in different Brassica species has been disrupted frequently by chromosomal translocations. Thus Brassica species have quite distinct genetic maps, in contrast to cereal species where collinear homoeologous chromosomes are the general rule. The mapping of the Brassica genome will have a considerable impact on the breeding of Brassica crops. In particular, it will facilitate the transfer of beneficial genes between species and the rapid introgression of genes from wild plants into useful cultivars. These improvements in breeding should be translated into crops which are more easily adapted to suit the needs of new agronomic practices and the demands of a changing environment.

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Rahman, Habibur. "Review: Breeding spring canola (Brassica napusL.) by the use of exotic germplasm". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 93, nr 3 (maj 2013): 363–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2012-074.

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Rahman, H. 2013. Review: Breeding spring canola ( Brassica napus L.) by the use of exotic germplasm. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 363–373. The need of broadening genetic diversity in spring canola (Brassica napus) breeding programs seems to be the general consensus among canola breeders and researchers. Diversity analysis by the use of molecular markers has identified several B. napus gene pools as well as allied Brassica species that are genetically distinct from spring canola B. napus; and these gene pools can be used for the improvement of this crop. Use of genetically diverse and un-adapted B. napus germplasm in the breeding of spring canola can be challenging, as introduction of several unwanted traits/alleles from exotic germplasm into spring canola occurs, and this would require repeated cycles of breeding for improvement. Similarly, use of allied species can be even more challenging due to the difficulties associated with interspecific hybrid production, sterility of hybrids, linkage drag, and the introduction of unwanted alleles. However, this can be compensated in the long-term perspective for the improvement of this crop. Some research efforts have been made in recent years to broaden allelic diversity in spring canola for the improvement of seed yield and other traits in open-pollinated and hybrid cultivars with promising results. Seed yield is a complex trait which is controlled by several gene loci with multiple alleles at these loci as well as interactions between loci and different alleles. This makes the identification of right allelic combinations an extremely challenging task. However, canola breeders have been able to make steady improvements in this crop in past decades based on the amount of allelic diversity present in existing breeding material. Introduction of favourable new alleles in breeding programs would allow breeders to create superior allelic combinations, enhancing the diversity in current breeding materials to further improve the crop. With the availability of the Brassica genome sequence, knowledge of sequence variation in specific genes and cost-effective high-throughput genotyping, it is expected that molecular plant breeding will play an important role in the breeding of canola cultivars. Discovery of favourable allele combinations in a short span of time is likely to be facilitated through the application of modern breeding tools.

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Bochkaryova, E. B., L. A. Gorlova, V. V. Serdyuk i E. A. Strelnikov. "Breeding value of dihaploid lines of spring rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)". Oil Crops 180, nr 4 (25.12.2019): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.25230/2412-608x-2019-4-180-18-22.

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Landry, Benoit S., Nathalie Hubert, René Crete, Morgan S. Chang, Steven E. Lincoln i Takeomi Etoh. "A genetic map for Brassica oleracea based on RFLP markers detected with expressed DNA sequences and mapping of resistance genes to race 2 of Plasmodiophora brassicae (Woronin)". Genome 35, nr 3 (1.06.1992): 409–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g92-061.

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F2 segregation analyses of DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) detected between a cabbage line (No. 86-16-5) resistant to race 2 of Plasmodiophora brassicae (Woronin), the fungus responsible for clubroot disease, and a rapid cycling line (CrGC No. 85) was used to construct a detailed genetic map of Brassica oleracea. RFLP markers were random and seedling-specific cDNA clones. The 201 loci so far mapped in B. oleracea covered 1112 cM. They are assembled into nine major linkage groups and four small linkage groups. Twelve loci were found unlinked to any other markers. Twenty-one loci were detected with the 18 seedling-specific cDNAs. Two dominant QTLs for resistance to race 2 of the clubroot disease causal agent were also identified. Leaf morphology and biennial flowering appeared to segregate as single Mendelian traits, but only leaf morphology could be linked to other markers. This RFLP study in B. oleracea is providing additional information on genome organization and complements current RFLP mapping effort in B. napus.Key words: genetic mapping, Brassica oleracea, Plasmodiophora brassicae, breeding, clubroot resistance, DNA markers, RFLP.

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Monteiro, A., i T. Lunn. "TRENDS AND PERSPECTIVES OF VEGETABLE BRASSICA BREEDING WORLD-WIDE". Acta Horticulturae, nr 495 (wrzesień 1999): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1999.495.12.

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Dickson, M. H., i R. Petzoldt. "BREEDING FOR RESISTANCE TO SCLEROTINIA SCLEROTIORUM IN BRASSICA OLERACEA". Acta Horticulturae, nr 407 (kwiecień 1996): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1996.407.11.

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Würschum, Tobias, Stefan Abel i Yusheng Zhao. "Potential of genomic selection in rapeseed (Brassica napusL.) breeding". Plant Breeding 133, nr 1 (12.12.2013): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pbr.12137.

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McVetty, Peter B. E., i Rachael Scarth. "Breeding for Improved Oil Quality in Brassica Oilseed Species". Journal of Crop Production 5, nr 1-2 (styczeń 2002): 345–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j144v05n01_14.

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Kirkegaard, J. A., i M. Sarwar. "Glucosinolate profiles of Australian canola (Brassica napus annua L.) and Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) cultivars: implications for biofumigation". Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 50, nr 3 (1999): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a98124.

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The glucosinolate (GSL) profiles in root, shoot, and seed tissues of 22 Australian canola (Brassica napus) and 15 Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) entries were measured in the field. The Indian mustard lines included 12 low seed GSL lines from a breeding program aimed at producing canola-quality B. juncea cultivars and 3 high seed GSL condiment cultivars. The aromatic glucosinolate, 2-phenylethyl GSL, was the major GSL found in the roots of both species although Indian mustard also contained 2-propenyl GSL in the roots. The concentration of glucosinolates in the roots varied from 5 to 35 µmol/g in B. napus, from 2.5 to 25 µmol/g in low seed GSL B. juncea, and from 10 to 21 µmol/g in high seed GSL B. juncea, but was not correlated with seed glucosinolate concentrations in either species. Breeding for low seed GSLs in Indian mustard reduced the concentration of 2-propenyl GSL in both root and shoot tissues, but levels of 2-phenylethyl GSL in the roots were unaffected. The results indicate that high yielding and agronomically adapted varieties of both species could be developed with higher levels of root GSL for enhanced biofumigation potential without compromising seed quality. The GSLs which liberate isothiocyanates on hydrolysis were found primarily in the taproot and larger lateral roots (>2 mm) of both species, whereas younger fine roots (<2 mm diameter) had higher levels of indolyl GSLs. Correlations between root GSLs and susceptibility of brassicas to root pests and pathogens will need to take account of these differences in GSL profiles among different root classes.

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Li, C. X., Hua Li, K. Sivasithamparam, T. D. Fu, Y. C. Li, S. Y. Liu i M. J. Barbetti. "Expression of field resistance under Western Australian conditions to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Chinese and Australian Brassica napus and Brassica juncea germplasm and its relation with stem diameter". Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 57, nr 10 (2006): 1131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar06066.

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Sclerotinia stem rot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, has become one of the most serious disease problems in oilseed rape-growing areas in Australia. Sources of resistance to this disease have been sought worldwide. In this study, germplasm comprising 42 Brassica napus and 12 Brassica juncea accessions from China and Australia, was screened for resistance to Sclerotinia stem rot under Western Australian field conditions. Resistance was confirmed in some germplasm from China and new sources of resistance were identified in germplasm from Australia. Furthermore, our study found that the severity of stem lesions was related to stem diameter and percentage of the host plants that were dead. It was evident that both stem lesion length and percentage of plant death were at the lowest level when the stem diameter was approximately 10 mm. Smaller or greater stem diameter resulted both in increased stem lesion length and plant death. Stem diameter may be a useful parameter in breeding cultivars of oilseed Brassicas with Sclerotinia resistance.

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Chiang, M. S., i A. Jacob. "Inheritance of precocious seed germination in siliques of cabbage". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 72, nr 3 (1.07.1992): 911–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps92-114.

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The inheritance of precocious seed germination (PSG) in siliques was studied in cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. ssp. capitata L.) plants obtained from crosses between breeding line 87-19-5 (with PSG) and cultivar Little Rock (without PSG). PSG was inherited by a single dominant gene without maternal effect.Key words: Precocious germination, seed germination, cabbage, Brassica

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Hutcheson, D. S., K. C. Falk i G. F. W. Rakow. "TR4 summer turnip rape". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 80, nr 4 (1.10.2000): 837–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p00-011.

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TR4 summer turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.) is a breeding population with a total (aliphatic and indole) glucosinolate content of 4.2 µ mol g−1 oil free meal. It was derived from selections among segregating progeny of a cross between the low aliphatic glucosinolate breeding population BC86-18, and the low indole glucosinolate breeding population DLY. Key words: Glucosinolates, aliphatic, indole, canola, germplasm

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KUBIK, Tom, Chibwe CHUNGU, Sara FREEMAN, Bruce MURRAY, Pat CORBETT, Steve THOMPSON i Junichi IKUINA. "Current Canola (Brassica napus L.) Breeding State of the Art". Oleoscience 1, nr 8 (2001): 835–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5650/oleoscience.1.835.

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Eckes, Annemarie H., Tomasz Gubała, Piotr Nowakowski, Tomasz Szymczyszyn, Rachel Wells, Judith A. Irwin, Carlos Horro i in. "Introducing the Brassica Information Portal: Towards integrating genotypic and phenotypic Brassica crop data". F1000Research 6 (12.04.2017): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.11301.1.

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The Brassica Information Portal (BIP) is a centralised repository for Brassica phenotypic data. Trait data associated with Brassica research and breeding experiments conducted on Brassica crops, used as vegetables, for livestock fodder and biofuels, is hosted on the site, together with information on the experimental plant materials used, as well as trial design. BIP is an open access and open source project, built on the schema of CropStoreDB, and as such can provide trait data management strategies for any crop data. A new user interface and programmatic submission/retrieval system helps to simplify data access for scientists and breeders. BIP opens up the opportunity to apply big data analyses to data generated by the Brassica Research Community. Here, we present a short description of the current status of the repository.

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Mohanty, A., B. Chrungu, N. Verma i K. R. Shivanna. "Broadening the genetic base of crop brassicas by production of new intergeneric hybrid". Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 45, No. 3 (6.10.2009): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/35/2009-cjgpb.

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Wide hybridization between crop brassicas and their wild relatives is an important approach towards increasing the genetic variability, which can be utilised for brassica breeding programs. A new intergeneric hybrid between Erucastrum cardaminoides and Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra was produced using embryo rescue techniques. The F1 hybrid was intermediate between the male and female parent for most of the morphological characters. Cytological studies of pollen mother cells of the hybrid revealed a preponderance of univalents at metaphase I. The number of bivalents in the digenomic hybrid was lower than expected. However, the presence of trivalent and quadrivalent in cells indicated some homoeology between the two genomes and hence the possibility of introgression of genes into the cultivar. The first backcross progeny was obtained using B. oleracea var. alboglabra as the pollen parent. Further, it is being used for developing new alloplasmic lines. The intergeneric hybrid was also used as bridge species to transfer wild (E. cardaminoides) cytoplasm to B. napus and B. carinata. The new intergeneric hybrid and bridge cross hybrids produced in the present investigation have contributed towards increasing the genic and cytoplasmic variability and thus broadening the genetic base of crop brassicas.

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Landry, Benoit S., Nathalie Hubert, Takeomi Etoh, John J. Harada i Stephen E. Lincoln. "A genetic map for Brassica napus based on restriction fragment length polymorphisms detected with expressed DNA sequences". Genome 34, nr 4 (1.08.1991): 543–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g91-084.

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F2 segregation analyses of DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) detected between two cultivars of canola ('Westar' × Topas') was used to construct a detailed genetic map of Brassica napus. RFLP markers were from a seedling-specific cDNA library. They were either randomly selected or previously characterized as seedling-specific cDNA clones. The 120 loci so far mapped in B. napus covered 1413 recombination units. They are assembled into 19 linkage groups. Seventeen loci were found unlinked to any other markers. Few polymorphisms were detected with the seedling-specific cDNAs and only seven loci could be mapped in this cross. Duplication of RFLP loci was extensive and reflects the amphidiploid nature of this species. However, several rearrangements of the linear order of duplicated loci could be seen. This RFLP study in B. napus provides important information on genome organization of functional DNA sequences and complements our current RFLP mapping effort in Brassica oleracea. The genetic markers of this map are currently being used in several breeding applications, such as tagging important agronomic traits and fingerprinting breeding lines and cultivars of canola, a major oilseed crop.Key words: genetic mapping, Brassica napus, breeding, restriction fragment length polymorphisms.

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Salisbury, Phillip A., Wallace A. Cowling i Trent D. Potter. "Continuing innovation in Australian canola breeding". Crop and Pasture Science 67, nr 4 (2016): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp15262.

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Innovation has been integral in the development of the current Australian canola (Brassica napus L.) industry. From the initial introduction of poorly adapted Canadian germplasm, Australian breeders have developed high yielding, high quality, disease-resistant canola cultivars. The Australian canola industry has transitioned from being reliant on imports to becoming one of the world’s major exporters of canola. This review details the progressive innovations in the Australian canola breeding programs from the initial introduction of rapeseed to more recent developments including herbicide resistance, hybrid cultivars, speciality oil types and genetically modified canola.

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La Mura, Maurizio, Carol Norris, Sue Sporle, Dasuni Jayaweera, Andy Greenland i David Lee. "Development of genome-specific 5S rDNA markers in Brassica and related species for hybrid testing". Genome 53, nr 8 (sierpień 2010): 643–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g10-033.

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The Brassicaceae are targets for DNA manipulation to modify oil content and composition. However, any strategy for creating novel products using genetic modification or traditional breeding must take into account the potential for hybridization with other Brassica species, many of which are important sources of edible oils. In this study we have tested Brassica carinata , a possible target for oil modification, to establish whether it can cross with other Brassica species and related genera, and we have developed molecular DNA assays to confirm hybridization.

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Khalid, Muhammad Nouman. "Shattering tolerance in Brassica napus L." Current Research in Agriculture and Farming 2, nr 4 (30.08.2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-7146.149.

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Brassica is the second-largest oilseed crop after Soybean. The total production of Brassica in the overall world is 71 million tons. In Pakistan, its total production per unit area is very low. Biotic and abiotic stresses mainly affect the brassica crop. In agriculture, shattering is the dispersal of crops seeds before their ripening. The pod wall shatters and breaks apart when it loses its hydration and cells split in a dehiscence zone organized at a suture between the edge of the lignified pod and the vascular tissue replum. The degeneration of middle lamella and loss of cellular cohesion in the dehiscence zone are the main reasons for pod shattering and seed losses. Grain yield losses in Brassica vary from 10 to 25 percent due to shattering. More than 400 kg has-1 or 12% seed losses can be occurred due to pod shattering under unfavorable conditions. Insect pest and disease damage also accelerate ripening and pod shattering. The main breeding techniques for developing rapeseed grain yield potential are a good knowledge and application of the morphological, physiological, and genetic basis of grain yield. Modern technologies, such as embryo rescue, marker-assisted breeding, and novel variation (mutation), may make it much simpler to introduce new rapeseed types having shattering tolerance than traditional methods. Thus, an overview of anatomical and physiological aspects and genetics of shattering is presented in the context of recent advances in molecular genetics and several agronomic managements to avoid shattering in Brassica.

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Yi, Hankuil, Xiaonan Li, Seong Ho Lee, Ill-Sup Nou, Yong Pyo Lim i Yoonkang Hur. "Natural variation in CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1 is associated with flowering time in Brassica rapa". Genome 60, nr 5 (maj 2017): 402–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2016-0052.

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Flowering time is a very important agronomic trait and the development of molecular markers associated with this trait can facilitate crop breeding. CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1 (CCA1), a core oscillator component of circadian rhythms that affect metabolic pathways in plants, has been implicated in flowering time control in species of Brassica. CCA1 gene sequences from three Brassica rapa inbred lines, showing either early flowering or late flowering phenotypes, were analyzed and a high level of sequence variation was identified, especially within the fourth intron. Using this information, three PCR primer sets were designed and tested using various inbred lines of B. rapa. The usage of InDel markers was further validated by evaluation of flowering time and high resolution melting (HRM) analysis. Both methods, PCR and HRM, validated the use of newly developed markers. Additional sequence analyses of Brassica plants with diploid (AA, BB, or CC) and allotetraploid genomes further confirmed a large number of sequence polymorphisms in the CCA1 gene, including insertions/deletions in the fourth intron. Our results demonstrated that sequence variations in CCA1 can be used to develop valuable trait-related molecular markers for Brassica crop breeding.

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Eckes, Annemarie H., Tomasz Gubała, Piotr Nowakowski, Tomasz Szymczyszyn, Rachel Wells, Judith A. Irwin, Carlos Horro i in. "Introducing the Brassica Information Portal: Towards integrating genotypic and phenotypic Brassica crop data". F1000Research 6 (15.11.2017): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.11301.2.

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The Brassica Information Portal (BIP) is a centralised repository for brassica phenotypic data. The site hosts trait data associated with brassica research and breeding experiments conducted on brassica crops, that are used as oilseeds, vegetables, livestock forage and fodder and for biofuels. A key feature is the explicit management of meta-data describing the provenance and relationships between experimental plant materials, as well as trial design and trait descriptors. BIP is an open access and open source project, built on the schema of CropStoreDB, and as such can provide trait data management strategies for any crop data. A new user interface and programmatic submission/retrieval system helps to simplify data access for researchers, breeders and other end-users. BIP opens up the opportunity to apply integrative, cross-project analyses to data generated by the Brassica Research Community. Here, we present a short description of the current status of the repository.

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Ton, Linh Bao, Ting Xiang Neik i Jacqueline Batley. "The Use of Genetic and Gene Technologies in Shaping Modern Rapeseed Cultivars (Brassica napus L.)". Genes 11, nr 10 (30.09.2020): 1161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11101161.

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Since their domestication, Brassica oilseed species have undergone progressive transformation allied with the development of breeding and molecular technologies. The canola (Brassica napus) crop has rapidly expanded globally in the last 30 years with intensive innovations in canola varieties, providing for a wider range of markets apart from the food industry. The breeding efforts of B. napus, the main source of canola oil and canola meal, have been mainly focused on improving seed yield, oil quality, and meal quality along with disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, and herbicide resistance. The revolution in genetics and gene technologies, including genetic mapping, molecular markers, genomic tools, and gene technology, especially gene editing tools, has allowed an understanding of the complex genetic makeup and gene functions in the major bioprocesses of the Brassicales, especially Brassica oil crops. Here, we provide an overview on the contributions of these technologies in improving the major traits of B. napus and discuss their potential use to accomplish new improvement targets.

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Crisp, P., I. R. Crute, R. A. Sutherland, S. M. Angell, K. Bloor, H. Burgess i P. L. Gordon. "The exploitation of genetic resources of Brassica oleracea in breeding for resistance to clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae)". Euphytica 42, nr 3 (lipiec 1989): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00034457.

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Trubina, V. S. "CURRENT TRENDS, METHODS AND RESULTS OF BROWN MUSTARD (BRASSICA JUNCEA) AND BLACK MUSTARD (BRASSICA NÍGRA) BREEDING". Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding 180, nr 4 (8.01.2020): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2019-4-132-138.

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Background. Various types of mustard and its forms differ significantly from each other in a set of morphological, biological, biochemical and other economically important traits. Both brown and black mustard are in great demand.Materials and methods. The study was conducted in 2009– 2018 on the brown mustard cultivar ‘Rosinka’ using the VNIIMK techniques. Promising cultivars of brown mustard (‘Zolushka’, ‘Nika’, ‘Yunona’) and black mustard (‘Niagara’) as well as source material with good breeding prospects were evaluated for their economic significance.Results and discussion. Individual selection based on self-pollination in the seed production of brown mustard population cultivars was found to facilitate identification of high-yielding lines, promptly increase the yield of cultivars, isolate lines exceeding the initial population in oil yield, and obtain biotypes with unusual fatty acid composition. The best accessions demonstrated an increase of 1.0–2.9% in their oil content. Besides, the selected material had the yield at the same or higher level than the reference (on average, 3.22 t/ha). An increase of oil yield varied from 0.23 to 0.36 t/ha. The technique of recurrent individual selection of elite plants from interspecific hybrid populations with the use of selfpollination resulted in developing 3 brown mustard cultivars: ‘Zolushka’, ‘Nika’ and ‘Yunona’. One of the important trends in mustard breeding is the development of cultivars with a high content of allyl mustard oil. As a result of this work, a new brown mustard cultivar was developed (‘Gorlinka’). One of the representatives of the economically important Brassicaceae family is the black mustard. Its new cultivar ‘Niagara’ was developed by recurrent individual selection from accession k-2632 preserved in the collection of the Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR). In competitive trials ‘Niagara’ demonstrated an average yield at the level of 1.5–1.7 t/ha, and the oil content in seeds of 37.0– 40.0%. Cv. ‘Niagara’ has a short growing season.

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Leckband, Gunhild, Martin Frauen i Wolfgang Friedt. "NAPUS 2000. Rapeseed (Brassica napus) breeding for improved human nutrition". Food Research International 35, nr 2-3 (styczeń 2002): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0963-9969(01)00196-x.

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Friedt, Wolfgang, Martin Frauen i Gunhild Leckband. "NAPUS 2000 Rapeseed (Brassica napus) breeding for improved human nutrition". Oléagineux, Corps gras, Lipides 8, nr 1 (styczeń 2001): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ocl.2001.0049.

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Cheng, B. F., G. Séguin-Swartz, D. J. Somers i G. Rakow. "Low glucosinolate Brassica juncea breeding line revealed to be nullisomic". Genome 44, nr 4 (1.08.2001): 738–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g01-057.

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The low glucosinolate Brassica juncea breeding line 1058 was derived from a BC1F3 plant of an interspecific cross between high glucosinolate Indian B. juncea (genome AABB, 2n = 36) line 60143 and B. rapa (genome AA, 2n = 20) canola strain CZY. Line 60143 had 2n = 36 chromosomes (18 bivalents at metaphase I) and strain CZY had 2n = 20 chromosomes (10 bivalents). Line 1058 was nullisomic, with 2n - 2 = 34 chromosomes, with 17 bivalents formed at metaphase I and an even chromosomal segregation of 17:17 at anaphase I. In F1 hybrid plants of the cross 1058 × CZY, 98.3% of the pollen mother cells had 10 bivalents and seven univalents. This is evidence that plants of line 1058 are nullisomic, missing one pair of B-genome chromosomes.Key words: low glucosinolate mustard, meiotic behaviour, cytogenetics.

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Gray, A. R., i L. S. Doyle. "Breeding progress in green curded cauliflowers (Brassica oleraceaL. Botrytis group)". Journal of Horticultural Science 69, nr 5 (styczeń 1994): 851–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14620316.1994.11516521.

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Chang, Tao, Mei Guan, Bingqian Zhou, Zechuan Peng, Man Xing, Xiaodan Wang i Chunyun Guan. "Progress of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in breeding of Brassica napus". Oil Crop Science 6, nr 2 (maj 2021): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocsci.2021.03.005.

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Mehraj, Hasan, Ayasha Akter, Naomi Miyaji, Junji Miyazaki, Daniel J. Shea, Ryo Fujimoto i Md Asad-ud Doullah. "Genetics of Clubroot and Fusarium Wilt Disease Resistance in Brassica Vegetables: The Application of Marker Assisted Breeding for Disease Resistance". Plants 9, nr 6 (9.06.2020): 726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9060726.

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The genus Brassica contains important vegetable crops, which serve as a source of oil seed, condiments, and forages. However, their production is hampered by various diseases such as clubroot and Fusarium wilt, especially in Brassica vegetables. Soil-borne diseases are difficult to manage by traditional methods. Host resistance is an important tool for minimizing disease and many types of resistance (R) genes have been identified. More than 20 major clubroot (CR) disease-related loci have been identified in Brassica vegetables and several CR-resistant genes have been isolated by map-based cloning. Fusarium wilt resistant genes in Brassica vegetables have also been isolated. These isolated R genes encode the toll-interleukin-1 receptor/nucleotide-binding site/leucine-rice-repeat (TIR-NBS-LRR) protein. DNA markers that are linked with disease resistance allele have been successfully applied to improve disease resistance through marker-assisted selection (MAS). In this review, we focused on the recent status of identifying clubroot and Fusarium wilt R genes and the feasibility of using MAS for developing disease resistance cultivars in Brassica vegetables.

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Gorlova, Lyudmila, Viktoriya Trubina, Oksana Serdyuk i Yelena Shipievskaya. "Breeding of brown mustard (Brassica juncea) for increased content of allyl mustard oil". Proceedings of the Kuban State Agrarian University 1, nr 72 (2018): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21515/1999-1703-72-114-118.

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