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1
Feier, Ioan, Joseph Way i Rob Redfield. "Bicycle Disc Brake Thermal Performance: Combining Dynamometer Tests, Bicycle Experiments, and Modeling". Proceedings 49, nr 1 (15.06.2020): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020049100.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
High-power bicycle disc braking can create excessive temperatures and boiling brake fluid, resulting in performance degradation and damage. The goal of this work is to understand brake friction performance and thermal behavior for bicycle disc brakes. A previously described disc braking dynamometer is used to assess brake pad performance of sintered metallic brake pads, organic brake pads, and ‘power’ organic pads in up to 400 W of braking power. The friction coefficient is found to be dependent on both temperature and normal force. Friction curve fits are provided for temperatures between 300 K and 550 K. Organic and ‘power’ organic pads are found to have similar behavior, and have higher friction coefficients compared to metallic pads. Further, brakes on an instrumented bicycle are tested in outdoor field trials during downhill descent. A MATLAB thermal model successfully predicts the downhill field brake disc temperatures when using the friction data curve fits.
2
Zhao, Fang, Mu Yi Lin i Zhun Wang. "On Hydraulic Brake System Using Bench Experiments for Off-Road Vehicles". Advanced Materials Research 588-589 (listopad 2012): 327–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.588-589.327.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The full power hydraulic brake system has several advantages over traditional brake actuation systems. These systems are capable of supplying fluid to a range of very small and large volume service brakes with actuation that is faster than air/hydraulic brake systems. Implementation of full power hydraulic brake system in off-road vehicles calls for good understanding of its dynamic characteristics. In this paper, we consider the problem of dynamic modeling of the brake system and develop a dynamic model for a hydraulic brake valve. First, the dynamic characteristics of full power hydraulic brake system are analyzed theoretically. The effects of varying design parameters (brake valve, accumulator and so on) and the different operating conditions are then analyzed. Second, we investigate the dynamic characteristics of a full power hydraulic brake system using a test bench, which is a loader brake system specifically designed for one construction Machinery Company. Finally, based on the experimental results, the mathematical models are amended and verified. The result shows that the model-calculated data agree well with tested data. The dynamic behavior of hydraulic valve can be well predicted with the model. The simplified models can be applied to the studies of full power hydraulic brake system dynamics.
3
Solovykh, Yevhen, Viktor Dubovyk, Andrii Solovykh, Stanislav Katerynych i Maksym Ishov. "Investigation of the Braking Process of Suspended Wheels of a Car With a Hydraulic Brake Drive". Central Ukrainian Scientific Bulletin. Technical Sciences, nr 3(34) (październik 2020): 282–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.32515/2664-262x.2020.3(34).282-289.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
For diagnosing car braking systems, bench methods have become the most widespread, and on power stands with running drums. The main disadvantage of these methods is the high cost of brake stands with low quality diagnostic information. At the same time the method of diagnosing brake systems on change of angular speed of the hung up wheels is perspective. But the considered method does not have a sufficiently complete theoretical justification, especially for cars with hydraulic brakes and therefore requires research. Therefore, the work substantiates the diagnostic modes and diagnostic parameters, obtained analytical dependences of the process of braking car wheels with hydraulic brakes, which describe the change in the angular deceleration of the suspended wheels over time in different parts of the brake diagram and the delay time of the brake system. The mathematical model is based on the differential equation of motion of the braked wheel when braking a car with a connected transmission (with clutch engaged) on a straight horizontal section of road. The change in braking torque during braking is determined by the nature of the pressure change in the drive. When braking the wheel, the braking force acts on the radius of the brake drum. The obtained analytical dependences make it possible to study the influence of various factors of the technical condition of brake systems on the performance of the braking process. In order to substantiate the diagnostic modes and diagnostic parameters, analytical dependences of the process of braking car wheels with hydraulic brakes have been developed, describing the change of angular deceleration of suspended wheels in time at different parts of the brake diagram and time delay of the brake system. The obtained analytical dependences make it possible to study the influence of various factors of the technical condition of brake systems on the performance of the braking process.
4
Sampathkumar, M., A. Sakthivel, P. Tharun Prasad, S. Vinothkumar i R. Vinothkumar. "Design and fabrication of electromagnetic braking system for four wheeler". South Asian Journal of Engineering and Technology 8, nr 1 (8.02.2019): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/sajet190802.
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These brakes designed by controlling for equipment, automobiles and movers are suitable for AC&DC power supplies up to 12 v to 220 v and are suitable for wide range of drum sizes 10 to 380 mm dia these brakes are suitable with a rated torque ranging from 100kg-cm for the smallest brake up to 2000 kg-cm for a 380mm dia at 50% coil rating, the coil remains in circuit for a maximum 5 min out of every 10min. Since these brakes are closed position, the release of brake shoes is affected by energizing the electromagnetic coil which over comes the spring force and shoes are moved clear of drum by lever system so that the drum is free to rotate without any friction. When the power given to the electromagnetic coil the coil gets energized and in turns the plunger pulls down. The plunger in turn operates the arm of the brake and the brake opens. When specied brake drum both pin bush type and flexible geared type can be supplied along with the brakes.
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Sathe, Sanket Rajendra, Saurabh Sharad Masal, Samadhan Laxman Kakade, Suyash Yelatwar i Prof S. J. Jagtap. "Regenerative Braking System: A Review". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, nr 5 (31.05.2022): 1390–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42551.
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Abstract: Electric cars square measure associate interest within the market. Today, existing braking technologies are used. This braking technology consumes tons of energy throughout braking within the style of heat. Therefore, regenerative braking is that the most significant methodology of focusing as a result of it's associate energy saving methodology. Increase the potency of electrical vehicles by reducing waste of energy. In electrical vehicle regenerative braking mode, the K.E. of the wheels is bornagain into electricity and keep within the battery or electrical condenser. This methodology has been improved mistreatment flywheels, DC-DC converters. Once a quick moving vehicle is applied a brake the momentum energy is wasted. The brake energy converter could be a compact system mounted in cylinder that absorbs this power and converts it to electricity that may be keep in battery for more use. Compact, efficient, low value and recycles energy nicely, prevents wastage. This method fits within the vacant house of the drum brakes of auto as a result of currently day's disk brakes square measure used. Low weight, compact size and power is made altogether four wheels of the vehicle. Straightforward construction, low value and straightforward to use. Absorbs brake power that the load on the hydraulic brakes is reduced thus less wear of brakes. Motor is within the earlier models with a centralized battery unit, system power to weight magnitude relation is extremely low, i.e., low power is made as compared to the burden of the system. Braking potency is low and tends to explosive brake in emergency conditions. Keywords: Energy, Brake, Electricity, Flywheel, Vehicle.
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Pradhan, Dr Swastik, Santhosh M, Palepu rithvik i Katkam Ravi Teja. "Modelling and analysis of ventilated disc Brakes using Creo and FEA software". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, nr 6 (30.06.2022): 1359–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43959.
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Abstract: An important part of a car's safety system is the brakes. Brakes are easily worn, leading to unpredictable disasters. To avoid this, ventilated disc brakes are used, which helps the brakes to work well in stressful conditions and high temperatures. The materials used play an important role in determining performance. The main objective of this research work is to analyze the current design and conduct a suitable brake rotor analysis to improve its performance. Existing brake disc designs are modeled in Creo and analyzed with software. The material grades used in this study were performed on stainless steel, grey cast iron, structural steel, and titanium alloy brake discs using the same brake disc design to determine the best grade. Keywords: ventilated disc brake, creo, thermal analysis, static analysis.
7
Huang, Shan, Jiusheng Bao, Shirong Ge, Yan Yin i Tonggang Liu. "Design of a frictional–electromagnetic compound disk brake for automotives". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, nr 4 (15.07.2019): 1113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407019864210.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
According to the disadvantages of serious wear and heat fade of friction pad in frequent and high speed braking of friction brakes, and the insufficient power of electromagnetic brakes in low speed braking, a novel frictional-electromagnetic compound disk brake which combines both of these two brake principles is proposed for automotives in this paper. The excitation coils are designed based on the Zhang Yicheng theory model, and the compound brake prototype is manufactured based on the self-made magnetic brake pads and existing automotive brakes. The magnetic field and dynamic of the brake are simulated by using COMSOL Multiphysics software. The frictional–electromagnetic compound brake tests are implemented on the reconstructive disk brake simulation test bench. The experimental results show that the friction braking torque accounts for more than 90% of the compound braking torque in the process of compound braking, and the trend of the change is the same as that of the compound braking torque. When the initial braking speed exceeds 75 km/h, the electromagnetic braking torque does not increase with the increase in speed, instead, it decreases slightly because of demagnetization. The designed frictional–electromagnetic compound disk brake has good braking performance.
8
Franklin, Kathryn L., Rae S. Gordon, Julien S. Baker i Bruce Davies. "Accurate assessment of work done and power during a Wingate anaerobic test". Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 32, nr 2 (kwiecień 2007): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h06-103.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
A Monark cycle ergometer is used in physiological studies to measure work done and power. In this paper, the accuracy of a Monark rope-braked cycle ergometer was examined for a Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT). The traditional method of determining brake torque fails to take into account rope-brake theory and, as the brake torque is used to determine the moment of inertia of the flywheel, a second error is introduced into the calculation to determine the work done or power. In this study, the rope tensions were measured to determine the actual brake torque. A deceleration test was carried out to determine the moment of inertia of the system. The work done by subjects of different masses was calculated for various accelerations and it was found that the traditional calculations overestimate work done and power by between 12% and 14.7%.
9
Shiao, Yaojung, i Premkumar Gadde. "Investigation of Hysteresis Effect in Torque Performance for a Magnetorheological Brake in Adaptive Knee Orthosis". Actuators 10, nr 10 (15.10.2021): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act10100271.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Semi-active knee orthosis (SAKO) is a kind of wearable lower-limb exoskeleton that uses actuators to support the regular biomechanical functions. It is much better than conventional knee orthosis (CKO) devices because of its high torque to volume ratio (TVR) and low mass. Magnetorheological (MR) brake is one of the smart actuators that can be used as an active resistance device in SAKO. It has advantages of fast response, low power consumption, and low vibration operation. This smart brake also has wide applications in the robotic and automotive industries. However, the electromagnetic setup in MR brakes has a hysteresis problem. This paper aims to turn this hysteresis problem into an advantage to save the power consumption of MR brake. Since the SAKO needs precise torque control, this research studied the hysteresis effect on the torque performance of MR brake. A less energy-consuming PWM actuation signal is proposed to activate the MR brake. The effects of frequency and duty cycle of PWM actuation signal on MR brake performance are also investigated. The electromagnetic (EM) and mechanical models of the MR brake were developed to simulate performance. Initial validation of these models is done by simulating the MR brake model with the DC actuation signal in finite element analysis software. For the final validation, the model simulation results are compared with experimental results. The factors affecting the steady torque and the response time of the MR brake are studied to find the optimal frequency and duty cycle for the applied PWM signal. This study revealed that the proposed new PWM actuation signal with a 5 kHz frequency and 60% duty cycle can power the MR brake to maintain steady torque. By turning hysteresis into an advantage, it saves 40% power consumption of MR brake compared to DC signal.
10
Karambe, Mohan, Ashutosh Nimsarkar, Kunal Likhar, Rajat Wankhede, Shivam Rahangdale, Utkarsh Hedaoo i Aniket Gajghate. "Fabrication of Automatic Electromagnetic Braking System for 4 Wheels". Journal of Advances in Electrical Devices 8, nr 1 (31.03.2023): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/jaed.2023.v08i01.001.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
An electromagnetic brake is a new and revolutionary concept. They have no friction at all. The brakes that operate on both electric and magnetic power are known as electromagnetic brakes. The power required to brake in an electromagnetic braking system is manually applied, but magnetic force is used to engage the brake. A new type of braking system utilised in both light and heavy motor vehicles is the electromagnetic braking system. The components of this system combine electromechanical ideas. Nowadays, accidents happen more frequently due to inefficient braking systems. The electromagnetic brake is a vital innovation to ensure that heavy trucks can stop safely. The aim of this project is to create a model of an electromagnetic four-wheel braking system that can use brakes without causing any friction loss and without wasting energy input. For automatic sensing operation, an ultrasonic sensor is included. As soon as the sensor picks it up, the electromagnetic braking mechanism will kick in. Two electromagnets that are powered by the circuit are used. Additionally, the motor is coupled with a wheel, which rotates with the help of the motor when power is applied. Due to the proximity of the electromagnets and the wheel, eddy currents are created, which cause the rotating wheel or rotor to stop. This idea helps with the use of vehicle retardation devices in several ways.
11
Reddy, R. Vishnu Vardhan. "Modeling and Analysis of Functionally Graded Material for Disc Plate under Mechanical Loads". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, nr 7 (31.07.2023): 386–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.54619.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract: The most crucial components of an automobile are the brakes. The wheel's rotation can be controlled and stopped by using the brakes. Today's cars employ a variety of brakes, with disc brakes being one of the most common. Brake pads are used in disc brakes to exert force against the disc's two sides mechanically, hydraulically, pneumatically, or electromagnetically. The attached wheel and disc come to a stop due to friction. Brakes turn friction into heat; if the temperature rises too high, they tend to stop working because they are unable to remove enough heat from the system. Brake fading is the name of this failure state. During normal braking and under extreme thermal stress during hard braking, disc brakes are exposed to significant thermal strains. Mild steel is typically used for disc brakes, which are attached to the wheel. In this work, functionally graded spinning annular discs exposed to internal pressure and varied temperature distributions underwent an analytical investigation. Considered are two disc brake models: one without holes and one with holes. Different materials for disc brakes will be compared; the materials are mild steel and aluminium alloy 6061 with regard to functional graded materials. The two models with different material compositions are subjected to structural and thermal examination. In CATIA V5 R20, a disc brake model is made, and in ANSYS 14.5, analysis is carried out
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Məhərrəm oğlu Əliyev, Ələsgər. "Analysis of braking systems of classic drilling". SCIENTIFIC WORK 65, nr 04 (21.04.2021): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/65/6-11.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The lowering and lifting of the drill strings during drilling is carried out using winches. One of the main elements of the winches is the braking system. The braking system of the drawworks is designed for: keeping the drill string suspended; power absorption during the descent of the string to the length of one candle with the highest permissible speed and complete braking at the end of the descent; smooth feed of the drill string as the well deepens while drilling. Braking devices used in drilling machines and mechanisms are divided into main and auxiliary ones according to their purpose.The main ones are designed to stop machines and mechanisms and are activated at the end of the movement with long interruptions in work, while auxiliary ones are for long-term braking in order to reduce the speed of movement. The brakes of classic drill bits consist of a main working belt-molded brake, as well as an auxiliary brake consisting of electromagnetic or hydrodynamic brakes. Key words: belt-molded brake, hydrodynamic brake, electromagnetic brake, electromagnetic ferro-dust brakes
13
Liu, Yu, Jie Hao, Panli Kang, Zhihua Sha, Fujian Ma, Dapeng Yang i Shengfang Zhang. "Research on dynamic characteristics of compensation mechanism for large-power wind turbine disc brake". Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures 16, nr 3 (3.01.2020): 595–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mmms-03-2019-0056.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to establish a rigid–flexible coupling model of wind turbine disc brake to simulate the actual working condition of the wind turbine brake and to study the dynamic characteristics of the compensation mechanism under different friction coefficients and braking force. It provides reference for the structure design and optimization of the compensation mechanism (compensation brake wear) in the wind turbine brake. Design/methodology/approach Based on multi-body contact dynamics theory, the rigid‒flexible coupling dynamic model of wind turbine brakes with compensation mechanism is established, in which the contact process of the components in the compensation mechanism and the phenomenon of rotation and return are described dynamically, and the rotation angle of the compensation nut and the axial displacement response of the compensation screw are calculated under different parameters. Findings The analysis results show that the braking reliability of the brake compensation mechanism can be effectively improved by increasing the friction coefficient of threads or increasing the friction of push rod contact surface; increasing the braking force can also improve the reliability of brake compensation mechanism, but when the braking force comes over a critical value, the effect of braking force on the reliability of the brake is very small. The braking test verifies the effectiveness of the simulation results. Originality/value Analyzing the influence of compensation mechanism on braking reliability in the braking process is of great practical significance for improving the braking efficiency and process safety of wind turbine brake.
14
Cinq-Mars, Max, i Hakan Gurocak. "Pneumatic cylinder with magnetorheological brake using serpentine and helix flux guide as a linear hybrid actuator for haptics". Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 28, nr 10 (9.09.2016): 1303–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x16667562.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This research explored a new linear hybrid actuator, which consists of a pneumatic cylinder with a magnetorheological brake embedded in its piston. Magnetorheological brakes are promising actuators since they can apply large forces in a small actuator size, but they can only oppose motion, as they are passive actuators. Pneumatic cylinders are desirable actuators due to their high force-to-weight ratio and ability to apply active forces. However, they require expensive servo valves for precise position control. The new hybrid actuator benefits from the advantages of magnetorheological brakes and pneumatic cylinders. It can apply forces using compressed air and can resist external forces using the magnetorheological brake. The embedded brake also eliminates the undesirable side effects of using compressed air and allows precise positioning of the piston anywhere in its stroke with simple solenoid valves. Fields such as haptics and robotics might benefit greatly from the use of the hybrid actuator where a high force-to-weight ratio could be employed. The study contributes (1) a triple helix flux guide for the linear magnetorheological brake, (2) serpentine flux path to enable larger braking forces, (3) shear mode activation, and (4) control algorithms that enable use of simple solenoid valves and improved power efficiency. When compared to an existing purely pneumatic control algorithm, the hybrid actuator exceeded the performance in position tracking and force disturbance rejection. A power management algorithm demonstrated that disabling the brake when the piston was in position vastly decreases the power consumption.
15
Wadile, Ratnajeet. "Thermal Analysis of a Disc". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, nr 10 (31.10.2021): 1910–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38476.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract: The disk brakes are special mechanized parts in a vehicle attached with the tires to help reduce the velocity of the vehicle. As the brake pads caused friction with the disc brakes, there is a temperature rise. Due to this there are great chances of disc brake’s failure if temperature rises above some permissible limit. Solidworks and ANSYS are the design and analysis tools which are used to accomplish this project. The disc brake was designed using Solidworks and it was analysed in ANSYS workbench. The main aim of this project is to analyse two-disc brakes manufactured with different materials to compare their properties and select one with most benefits. Keywords: ANSYS, FEA, Disc brake, Thermal analysis, braking system, Radiation.
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Podryhalo, Mykhailo, Andrei Kashkanov, Vitalii Shein, Oleksii Kasianenko i Valerii Uzhyk. "METHOD FOR PREDICTION OF DURABILITY OF FRICTION LININGS OF TRACTOR BRAKES". Bulletin of the National Technical University «KhPI». Series: Automobile and Tractor Construction, nr 2 (21.06.2022): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2078-6840.2021.2.09.
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The paper presents the results of a research on the creation of a methodology for predicting the durability of friction linings of tractor brake mechanisms at the design stage. Not only an increase in engine power and tractor weight is taken into account, but also the installation of more advanced brake mechanisms. Thanks to the developed method for predicting the durability of the friction linings of tractor brake mechanisms, the use of unified disc brakes is justified.
To solve the problem, the similarity theory was used, in which the most intense loading mode of the tractor brake mechanisms was modeled. As an indicator, the maximum work performed by the brakes until the friction linings are completely worn out was used. The results of estimating the resource of the friction linings of the tractor brake mechanisms under the most intense loading conditions were compared with the results of the calculation under the actual loading conditions.
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Huang, Yuming, i Jie Wu. "Simulation and analysis of temperature characteristics of a dual-coil magnetorheological brake". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2183, nr 1 (1.01.2022): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2183/1/012016.
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Abstract In this paper, the temperature characteristics of a dual-coil magnetorheological (MR) brake have been studied by theoretical analysis and finite element simulation. Firstly, the mathematical model of the temperature field of the MR brake is established based on the analysis of the heat source. Then, the temperature field simulation analysis under steady-state and transient operation has been conducted. From the simulation, the maximum slip power of MR brake under steady-state conditions is obtained. Under slip operation, the temperature in MR fluid working gaps of the dual-coil MR brake rises rapidly. The research results can provide a reference for the research of heat dissipation technology of MR brakes.
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Lal, Roop, R. C. Singh, Vaibhav Sharma i Vaibhav Jain. "A Study of Active Brake System of Automobile". International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 5, nr 2 (2017): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.521729.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
There are many situations where the driver’s response is not fast enough to apply brakes to stop and control the vehicle during emergency. So in such cases, there is an urgent need for an active brake system. Brake assist is an active vehicle safety feature designed not only to help drivers come to a stop more quickly during an episode of emergency braking but it automatically applies brakes in case the car in front of car comes too close. There are many sensors along with camera which continuously determines the speed of car in front of our car .If both cars come too close to each other, then brake assist first warns the driver and then apply 20% to 40% of braking capacity automatically and if still driver does not respond it activates emergency brake assist which applies 100% of braking power .During this ABS and EBD (sometimes ESC and TRACTION CONTROL) also comes into play which provides easy manoeuvre control to driver over vehicle.
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Kulkarni, Gautam. "Design and Analysis of Fixed Brake Caliper using Additive Manufacturing". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, nr 5 (31.05.2023): 2872–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.52224.
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Abstract: The brake caliper's function is to channel the mechanical force generated by the driver's mechanical action on the brake master cylinder—pressurized fluid—into an outward force that may be directed to the car's brake rotors. The effectiveness of the brakes plays a significant role in a vehicle's performance, and the design of the caliper may be improved by taking into account elements like the bleeding port, the brake pads, and the fluid flow path. As two-wheeler calipers are often used in automobiles, the entire system must be dismantled, bled, and then reassembled involved halves. Custom calipers have been employed by commercial automakers to cut back on the extra work involved in developing and producing RH and LH calipers. This project aims of this project are to create, evaluate, and maybe construct a front brake caliper prototype for the Formula Student cars. The desired outcome would be for the brake caliper to outperform all of the "firms" and set us apart from the other competing teams. Additive manufacturing is a new and rapidly developing manufacturing method. The current manufacturing processes for brake calipers separate components assembler.
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Kęsy, Zbigniew, Ireneusz Musiałek i Seung-Bok Choi. "Design Optimization of a Hydrodynamic Brake with an Electrorheological Fluid". Applied Sciences 13, nr 2 (13.01.2023): 1089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13021089.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This article describes the design optimization of a hydrodynamic brake with an electrorheological fluid. The design optimization is performed on the basis of mathematical model of the brake geometry and the brake’s electrical circuit. The parameters of the mathematical models are selected based on experimental tests of the prototype brake. Six different objective functions are minimized during the design optimization. The functions are created taking into consideration the following factors: the braking torque, brake weight, electric power absorbed by the brake, and the torque rise time. The assumed design variables are: the number of blades and the radii (inner and outer) of the brake’s working space. The optimization calculations are performed for two design variables intervals. The first interval is defined taking into consideration the accuracy of the mathematical model. The second, narrower interval is assumed for the tested prototypical brake. On the basis of the optimization calculation results, general guidelines are presented for the optimization of the hydrodynamic brakes with an ER fluid. In addition, the possibilities of optimizing the prototype brake are determined.
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Qin, Huanhuan, Aiguo Song i Yiting Mo. "Evaluation of a multi-drum magnetorheological brake via finite element analysis considering number of drums and fluid gap selection in optimization". Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 30, nr 5 (13.02.2019): 778–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x19828517.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Under the same excitation, the multi-drum magnetorheological brake has a nonuniform distribution of flux density over fluid gaps. Each fluid gap has its own flux density and shear area. Therefore, the number of drums and the fluid gap selection in optimization are two important parameters to be considered in a multi-drum brake design. When a fluid gap is selected in optimization, the brake is optimized to reach the maximum required flux density over this gap. This article focuses on evaluating the influence of these two parameters on the performance of the multi-drum brake. According to the number of drums and the fluid gap selection in optimization, the brakes were marked and optimized via finite element analysis. After all optimal designs were obtained, the performance in terms of torque, volume, mass, and power consumption as well as the torque–volume, torque–mass, and torque–power ratios were calculated and compared. Based on the evaluation results, suggestions on the number of drums and the fluid gap selection in optimization are given.
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Barnabas Uchenna Ugwuanyi, Christian Chikezie Aka i Thomas Okechukwu Onah. "Performance evaluation of waste palm oil diesel as alternative diesel engine fuel". International Journal of Engineering Research Updates 3, nr 1 (30.07.2022): 025–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.53430/ijeru.2022.3.1.0042.
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The paper aims to evaluating the performance of palm oil based- waste cooking oil biodiesel as alternative diesel engine fuel. The methodology of the study was experimental. The waste oil was two-step transesterified and chemically analyzed to establish physico-chemical properties of biodiesel. The test fuels were evaluated for brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake thermal efficiency (ηth) at varying brake power on test rig consisting of Mazda engine coupled with a power take off propeller inserted in the power take off shape to Froude hydraulic dynamometer. The results showed that at all brake power, the BSFC decreased as strength of diesel increased in the blend. At brake power of 15KW, brake specific fuel consumption (kg/KWh) for BD25, BD50, BD75, BD100 and AGO were 0.41, 0.40, 0.38, 0.44 and 0.37 respectively. The brake thermal efficiency, at that instant of brake power of 15KW, were 22.2, 21, 20.8, 23.8 and21.5 for BD25, BD50, BD75, B100 and AGO in that order. As the load increased, brake thermal efficiency (ηth) increased for all the test fuels utilized while the brake specific fuel consumption decreases. These characteristics were closely associated with physico-chemical properties of the biodiesel. In conclusion, waste palm oil biodiesel demonstrated characteristics of lean, cleaner but high performance fuel in IC engine.
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Cruceanu, Cătălin, Camil Ion Crăciun i Ioan Cristian Cruceanu. "Effects of Mechanical Wheel Slide Protection Devices Action on Railway Vehicles Braking Process". Applied Mechanics and Materials 809-810 (listopad 2015): 1085–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.809-810.1085.
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The paper investigates the effects of mechanical wheel slide protection devices (WSPD) on the braking capacity for coaches equipped with disc or cast iron block brakes. Decelerations and jerks, that affect the passengers comfort, are also analyzed. An original simulation program, based on experimentally determined air pressure evolutions in brake cylinder is used for this purpose. Results of numerical simulations show that in the case of repeated actuations of mechanical WSPDs, disc brake vehicles are more affected in terms of braking capacity. Regarding jerks during braking actions, in both normal and low adhesion conditions, vehicles equipped with high power cast iron block brake with two pressure levels prove to be more affected.
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Hu, Guoliang, Lifan Wu i Linsen Li. "Torque Characteristics Analysis of a Magnetorheological Brake with Double Brake Disc". Actuators 10, nr 2 (27.01.2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act10020023.
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Magnetorheological (MR) brake is a sort of electromagnetic brake that uses the controllable output characteristics of MR fluid for braking. In this paper, an MR brake with a double brake disc was developed to improve the braking performance of conventional MR brakes. The effective damping gaps were increased from the traditional two sections to four sections by increasing the single brake disc of the conventional MR brake to a double brake disc. By reasonably arranging the non-magnetic sleeve inside the MR brake, the magnetic flux lines were better guided to the effective damping gaps, which increased the utilization rate of the magnetic field, effectively enhanced the braking performance, and also reduced the braking power consumption. The structure and working principle of the MR brake with double brake disc were discussed. The magnetic field of the proposed MR brake was analyzed by ANSYS software, and the theoretical result of braking performance was obtained by combining the established mechanical model. The braking performance test rig was setup to investigate the torque performance of the MR brake. The experimental results show that the maximum braking torque is 18.01 N·m at the applied current of 2.0 A and the rotational speed of 400 r·min−1, and the simulation values are basically verified. In addition, the results indicate that the constant torque characteristic of the MR brake is relatively stable, and the torque is almost unaffected by the changes of rotational speed. The results can provide some guidance for the structural design and optimization of the MR actuators.
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Talib, Irsa, Jawad Hussain, Imran Amjad, Muhammad Fahad Abid, Dawood Sajjad, Mifrah Ali i Fizza Ghulam Nabi. "Brake Power and Load Analysis of Electromagnetic Braking System". Pakistan Journal of Engineering and Technology 5, nr 2 (12.09.2022): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.51846/vol5iss2pp140-145.
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This study aimed to develop a model and prototype of a more sustainable electromagnetic braking system which can cope with the future demands of the automobile industry due to the increasing number of e-vehicles. The braking mechanism is been used in almost every type of mechanical vehicle and it utilizes crude oil as fuel which when burnt causes air pollution. To save the environment from air pollution e-vehicles have been introduced to the market. Electromagnetic brakes are been used in e-vehicles as these vehicles incorporate huge electric systems which may be damaged or ignited through any leakage from the hydraulic brake. In this study, engineering knowledge has been implemented to design and fabricate a model of the electromagnetic braking system (EMS) which works on the principle of eddy current. A 3D model of EMS was developed. Further, static displacement and brake power analyses were performed to check the strength of EMS and the performance of the prototype developed, respectively. At an average speed of 31 RPM, brake power produced was 3.9 W. Static structural analysis on a frame made of grey cast iron showed that there was negligible deformation for load up to 200 N. Electromagnetic braking system based on this analysis and model could meet the market needs for conveyor belt application as well. The observations from this study might be useful in the development of a more efficient electrical vehicle braking system with varying demands of momentum.
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Pavarekha, Alexander, Denis Kapski, Andrey Voytik i Marcin Łukasiewicz. "The choice of parameters hydrodynamic retarder brake with increased power capacity". MATEC Web of Conferences 182 (2018): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818201003.
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The current trend of increasing the total weight and speed of vehicles, tougher requirements for road safety requires constant improvement of their braking systems. In this regard, for the main tractors and a number of other machines with a large operating weight is relevant to the use of brakes–retarders. This allows to increase the average speed, reduce the thermal stress of the main (working) brake mechanisms and increase their durability, which increases the level of active safety of vehicles. This article presents the results of studies of working processes in hydrodynamic brakes of retarders, determined the dependence of their braking efficiency on the design features. The studies were conducted using finite element models.
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Han, Zhao Lin. "Modeling and Simulation on the Control System of a Hydro-Mechanical Stepless Steering Mechanism". Advanced Materials Research 479-481 (luty 2012): 880–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.479-481.880.
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The paper creates a bond graph model of the control system of a hydro-mechanical stepless steering mechanism for a tracked vehicle in 20Sim software. Based on this model, the dynamic characteristics of combining and separating of the brake during the range shift process is analyzed. The result of simulation shows that there is a 0.1s interval during the shift process of the two brakes which may generate a power interruption in vehicle steering process. In order to resolve this problem, the brake which is coming to combine can be charged oil first, and then the brake which is coming to separate is discharged. That means the two brakes have an oil-filled state at same time. The result of simulation indicates the reasonable value of the time is 0.08 second. At last the paper brings forward an improvement to the control system to meet the requirement of oil-filled state at same time.
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Tripathi, Vivek Kumar, Ruchika Saini i U. K. Joshi. "Design and Analysis of Ventilated Disc Brake by Using Different Materials: A Review". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, nr 8 (31.08.2023): 627–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.55181.
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Abstract: Disc rotor is component which is used in automotive vehicle wheels to apply brakes, the concept which works during brake is frictional resistance between pad and rotor. Due to frictional resistance the heat gets generated between disc and pad so, in order to reduce the effect of heat the rotor is designed as ventilated disc. The common material which is used to manufacture the disc rotor is Grey Cast Iron. The purpose of this review paper is to study the behavior and kinds of work has been done before on Disc Brake and based on this review paper we have decided to do structural analysis on disc brake rotor using different materials like GREY CAST IRON, TITANIUM, MAGNESIUM ALLOY, ALUMINUM ALLOY, and STRUCTURAL STEEL and then compare the results of different materials with conventional material (GREY CAST IRON) that is usually used in disc brake rotor. The analysis will be done by using CATIA for modeling and ANSYS WORKBENCH 18.0 for structural analysis. Based on previous research the objective of this review paper is “Design and analysis of ventilated disc brake by using different materials”
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Sha, Zhi Hua, Qiang Hao, Jian Yin, Yu Liu, Sheng Fang Zhang i Yan An Wang. "Material Wear Calculation of Braking Surface under High-Power Braking Conditions". Materials Science Forum 1078 (22.12.2022): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-3h617i.
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The wear phenomenon of the braking surface of a high-power disc brake under emergency braking conditions is analyzed in this paper. Considering the classical Archard wear model, including the influence of the braking load, speed, and friction coefficient on the braking surface, the wear model of the brake disc surface is established to obtain the wear depth and distribution. It is essential to investigate the wear mechanism of the brake disc surface, and the evolution of wear laws is revealed under different braking parameters. The results have shown that the brake disc surface wear is constantly accumulating. The large load, the high speed, and the large friction coefficient would aggravate the surface wear area. It is expected that the wear study of the brake disc surface can guide the design of the disc brake.
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Bao, Yong, Zaimin Zhong i Shujun Yang. "Modeling of Power Transition in Full Power Shift of Hydromechanical Transmission". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (10.02.2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5296713.
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This paper shall explore the dynamics of power transition in full power shift of hydromechanical transmission (HMT) and focus on the ideal target displacement ratio. An arithmetic two-range HMT is taken as the research object. A mathematical model of power transition in full power shift is established, including the hydraulic transmission unit model and the brake torque model during the double brakes overlapping. Aiming at the constant output power of HMT in the shift process, a prediction model of the displacement ratio target value is established, and the prediction method is proposed. By combining theoretical analysis and experimental research, it proves that the power transition model can describe the power transition process. And the prediction method of the displacement ratio target value proposed in this paper can complete the power transition when the double brakes overlap. In the power shift process, the output power can be transmitted normally in full power. The power transition model and the prediction method of the displacement ratio target value can provide theoretical and engineering references for the full power shift of HMT.
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Bawane, Prof S. G., Moksh Khajuria, Vaibhav Sontakke, Chetan Gharjare, Aniket Dhakate, Hemraj Sonkusare i Ramesh Rajput. "Review Paper of Design and Fabrication of Smart Electromagnetic Breaking System". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, nr 3 (31.03.2022): 1028–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40786.
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Abstract: According to a study 20-30% of the road accident cases are caused due to less attentiveness of vehicle driver or the failure of brakes and vehicles have mechanical brakes which requires a high mechanical force that cause a problem to handicap person so to overcome above described problem we came up with the idea of intelligent braking system with obstacles detection which has 3 parts first is electromagnets to provide automation to the brakes and second part is infrared sensor by sensing braking system can detect obstacles so that it can automatically send signal to relay and brakes can be applied third part is brake for which we electromagnet braking to provide smoothness and effective braking and the last and main part or brain of the system is infrared sensor and relay which gets the signal from sensor and activates the brakes So from this braking system we can provide the automation to a mechanical braking system which can be further modify and can be implement to vehicles the brakes in which we can fully rely on and can also be used in vehicles for handicaps that aren't able to apply conventional braking. 1) BRAKE • A brake is a mechanical device which retards motion. • Brakes use friction between two surfaces to convert the kinetic energy of the moving object into heat. 2) Need for Alternative These systems are prone to the wear and tear on usage a) Conventional braking systems produces continuous power dissipation as heat and may fail if the temperature rises too high b) Friction based braking methods are also not efficient under wet conditions
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Milenkovic, Predrag, Sasa Jovanovic, Aleksandra Jankovic, Milan Milovanovic, Nenad Vitosevic, Milan Djordjevic i Mile Raicevic. "The influence of brake pads thermal conductivity on passenger car brake system efficiency". Thermal Science 14, suppl. (2010): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci100505016m.
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In phase of vehicle braking system designing, besides of mechanical characteristics, it is also necessary to take under consideration the system?s thermal features. This is because it is not enough just to achieve proper braking power, for the brake system to be effective but equally important thing is the dissipation of heat to the environment. Heat developed in the friction surfaces dissipate into the environment over the disk in one hand and through the brake linings and caliper, in the other. The striving is to make that greatest amount of heat to dissipate not threw the brake pads but threw disc. The experimental researching of heat transfer process taking place at vehicle brakes was made in the R&D Center of ?Zastava automobili? car factory in order to increase the efficiency of brake system. The standard laboratory and road test procedures were used, according to factory quality regulations. The modern equipment such as thermo camera, thermo couples, torque transducers, signal amplifiers, optical speed measuring system and laptop computer were used. In this paper will be shown the part of the experimental researching, which refers to the thermal conductivity of brake pad friction linings.
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Zhang, S., Q. Hao, Y. Liu, L. Jin, F. Ma, Z. Sha i D. Yang. "Simulation Study on Friction and Wear Law of Brake Pad in High-Power Disc Brake". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (14.07.2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6250694.
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For the serious and uneven wear of the brake pad in the high-power disc brake during braking, the dynamic variation of the brake disc and the brake pad interface variable is considered, the wear calculation model is established based on the friction and wear mechanism, and the wear depth and volume of the brake pad can be calculated by equations. A finite element model of the brake disc and the brake pad is established by DEFORM software which can analyze wear of the brake pad directly. The variation trend of wear during braking is studied, and influences of braking load and initial braking speed on the wear are analyzed. The results show that the amount of the wear increases rapidly in the early wear stage of braking, and it becomes slow in the later stage; the wear of the brake pad is serious at the friction inlet and outlet, and the middle area of the brake pad is lightly worn; heavy braking load and high initial braking speed can exacerbate the wear of the brake pad.
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Litvinov, A. E., I. A. Yaitskov, P. A. Polyakov, E. S. Fedotov i A. A. Golikov. "Determination of the Influence of Ventilation Device Geometry on Inertia of the Brake Disc". Vestnik IzhGTU imeni M.T. Kalashnikova 24, nr 3 (2021): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22213/2413-1172-2021-3-4-16.
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The variety of brake discs is determined by the presence of different geometries of the ventilation device. Modern brake discs are subdivided according to the geometry of the ventilation device by the presence of fins, which form channels and studs for heat transfer to the cooling air. In turn, ventilation channels can be radial and curved. Studs are subdivided by geometry into cylindrical, prismatic and complex configuration. The paper proposes the calculation of the power required to overcome the inertial forces of the brake disc for various variants of the ventilation device. The power expended to overcome the inertial forces of a brake disc with radial channels is 44 % less than that of a brake disc with curved channels. Brake discs with a ventilation device with prismatic studs have 1.22 times less power required to overcome inertial forces than with cylindrical studs and 1.31 times with DBA studs. When comparing the results of the method for determining the moments of inertia of brake discs with various ventilation devices and CFD models of similar brake discs created in the ANSYS Workbench Mechanical program, the discrepancy was 5.52 %. The study shows the dependence of the power of overcoming inertia forces on the number of ribs. With an increase in the number of ribs by 60, the power to overcome the inertial forces of the radial channels of the disk increased by 1.16 times, while the power of the curved channels of the disk increased by 1.07 times. With an increase in the number of studs by 50 pieces for a disc with cylindrical studs of the apparatus, the power expended to overcome inertial forces increases by 1.15 times, while for prismatic studs there is an increase of 1.05 times. With an increase in the number of studs by 50 pieces, the power to overcome the inertial forces of the ventilated brake disc from DBA increases by 1.17 times. When designing ventilation brake discs, in addition to the heat dissipation parameters, it is necessary to take into account the parameters of the power to overcome the inertial forces of the brake discs, which affect the operational parameters of the braking system as a whole.
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Nedayali, Amin, i Alireza Shirneshan. "Experimental Study of the Effects of Biodiesel on the Performance of a Diesel Power Generator". Energy & Environment 27, nr 5 (sierpień 2016): 553–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x15627550.
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Biodiesel can be used as an alternative fuel in diesel engines due to environmental and energy concerns. Considering the existing resources in Iran, interests on expansion of biodiesel production and application have been sped up by the Iranian government. So, in this study the effect of biodiesel from waste cooking oil and diesel fuel blends (B0, B20, B50, B80 and B100) on the performance characteristics (brake power, brake torque, BSFC and brake thermal efficiency) of a diesel power generator model CAT3412 was investigated. The experiments were conducted at rated engine speed 1530 r/min and various engine loads (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%). The results of the study showed an increase in brake power, brake torque and brake thermal efficiency and a reduction trend in brake-specific fuel consumption at higher engine loads for all the biodiesel-diesel blends. In addition, the research results indicated that B20 and B50 fuel blends in terms of performance characteristics could be recognised as the potential candidates to be certificated for usage in the diesel power generator.
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Vernersson, T. "Temperatures at railway tread braking. Part 2: calibration and numerical examples". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 221, nr 4 (1.07.2007): 429–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544097jrrt90.
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Temperatures in wheels and brake blocks at railway tread braking are studied under brake rig conditions. Results from rig experiments are reported for drag braking at constant brake power for brake blocks made of cast iron and of sinter and composite materials. The influence of block configuration, brake power, and brake speed is studied. A thermal model of railway tread braking, developed in a companion paper, is calibrated using the experimental data. This model analyses wheel and block temperatures and also the partitioning of heat between wheel and block in the brake tests. Numerical examples indicate the influence of brake block type on temperatures and on wheel-block heat partitioning. The influence of rail chill is studied in a complementary paper.
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Uchenna Barnabas, Ugwuanyi, Adeniyi John Ayodele, Onyeka John Eze, Aka Christian Chikezie, Obasi Oka i Thomas Onah. "Performance Evaluation of Vegetable-based Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel as Alternative Diesel Engine Fuel". Advances in Multidisciplinary and scientific Research Journal Publication 1 (30.07.2022): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/rebk2022-p14.
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Many researches had attempted characterization of biodiesel to determine its appropriateness as fuel for internal combustion engine. The paper aimed at evaluating the performance of vegetable –based waste cooking oil biodiesel as alternative diesel engine fuel. The methodology of the study was experimental. The waste oil was transesterified and chemical analyses performed to establish physico-chemical properties of diesel, ‘pure’ biodiesel and blends. The test fuels were evaluated for brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency (ηth) at varying brake power on test rig consisting of Mazda engine coupled with a power take off propeller inserted in the power take off shape to Froude hydraulic dynamometer. The results were that at all brake power, the BSFC decreased as strength of diesel increased in the blend. At brake power of 15KW, BSFC (kg/KWh) for BD25, BD50, and BD75 were 0.41, 0.40 and 0.38 respectively while automobile gas oil and pure biodiesel recorded 21.5 and 23.8 in that order. The brake thermal efficiency had a contrary trend with BSFC. However, as the load increased, brake thermal efficiency (ηth) increased for all the test fuels utilized. In conclusion, biodiesel has demonstrated features of lean fuel, but exhibited high performance in IC engine. The technology could support agricultural value chain and boost socioeconomic development of Africa. Keywords: Biodiesel, Brake Fuel Consumption, Efficiency, Test Rig, Blends, Dynamometer
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Zhu, Xiao Yu, i Jian Yong Zuo. "Power Consumption Analysis of High-Speed Train’s Brake Discs". Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (wrzesień 2013): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.120.
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Apart from the aerodynamic drag produced by transitional motion of high-speed train, the rotational parts of the train, especially the ventilated discs mounted on axles, would also cause resistance torques due to air pumping effect, which consume traction power. In this paper the train running process is divided into traction, uniform running and braking three phases, then the power consumed by the brake discs as well as the proportion of which in total traction or braking power during the three periods is calculated based on kinetic energy theorem. The results indicate that, during traction and uniform running period, the power consumption of brake discs shares 2.84% and 12.87% of total traction power, and in brake stage, the proportion is 0.78%. What is more, in the uniform running phase, the proportion of brake discs power consumption caused by resistance torque can reach to 7.68%. If the air inlet of brake disc is blocked during traction and uniform running period to weaken air pumping effect, the useless power consumption can be effectively reduced and the traction efficiency can be improved.
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Siregar, Rolan, Mohammad Adhitya, Danardono A. Sumarsono, Nazaruddin Nazaruddin, Ghany Heryana, Sonki Prasetya i Fuad Zainuri. "Optimization of temperature measurement on the bus drum brake as a basis for developing brake fault signals". Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 1, nr 1 (109) (19.02.2021): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.224907.
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Brake failure is always possible due to several factors that are difficult to control, such as a slight leak in the brake hose due to an impact or a rat bite. In the latest research, the development of a brake performance detection tool has been started, but how to detect a brake temperature more efficiently on the brakes of large vehicles has not been specified. Given the significant impact of losses due to brake failure and accidents that are still occurring, this research plays an important role. It must be completed immediately so that accident cases can be reduced. The object of this research is where the position of the maximum brake temperature occurs? How to measure brake temperature is more practical? What sensor is optimal in detecting a brake temperature? The research method is carried out in a systematic stage that ends with an experimental method. This study indicates that the maximum temperature is relative to the entire friction area between the canvas and the drum brake. The most efficient sensor placement is in the hole in the drum brake cover so that installation is more practical and the brakes are not disturbed by the sensor’s presence. The optimal sensor is a thermocouple sensor because it is more stable to vibrations and more resistant to mud disturbances than infrared sensors. When using a thermocouple sensor, the temperature detection results must be corrected. The correction factor can be made with the equation y=10.3670+1.3205x–0.0003x2, where y is the actual temperature displayed, and x is the input temperature from the thermocouple sensor’s initial detection. Accurate brake temperature detection results will be developed as a signal for detecting brake faults in real-time to avoid brake failure. Finally, the safety of public transportation can be improved
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Wiley, Blake, i Hakan Gurocak. "Magneto-rheological actuator with permanent magnets for low-power activation". Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 31, nr 6 (21.01.2020): 801–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x19898263.
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This research presents a new magneto-rheological brake that uses only permanent magnets to produce variable torque output. A new magnet array was developed that can be operated by a tiny motor allowing the device to apply 1.8 Nm torque using only 1.4 W of electrical power. In many applications, it is desirable to have actuators with high torque output, low volume, and low input power. In recent years, this has led to extensive study of magneto-rheological brakes since these devices can provide high torque-to-volume ratios when compared to electric motors of similar size. There have been many studies to optimize volume and torque, which usually leads to designs requiring complex internal magnetic flux paths and excessive power requirement resulting in joule heating and reduced performance in long-term use. Our brake can operate for 22 h using a small battery while cycling through full on/off torque output. It can also apply full torque output indefinitely with no power input required to keep it on. There is no joule heating since there are no coils in the design.
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Sudarsono, Anak Agung Putu Susastriawan, I Gusti Badrawada, Hary Wibowo i Dwi Laras Indrajati. "The Effect of Compression Ratio on Performance of Generator Set Fuelled with Raw Biogas". Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 89, nr 1 (5.12.2021): 185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.89.1.185195.
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In order to utilize a raw biogas as a fuel of generator set (gen-set), it is important to figure out optimum operating parameter of the gen-set, i.e. compression ratio. The present work aims to investigate the effect of compression ratio on performance of 3 kW gen-set fuelled with raw biogas and to obtain optimum compression ratio for operation of the gen-set on raw biogas. The gen-set used in the present work is bi-fuel engine, i.e. fuelled with gasoline or LPG. The performance of the engine fuelled with raw biogas in terms of brake power, brake torque, brake specific fuel consumption, and thermal efficiency is evaluated at compression ratio of 7.5, 8.5, 9.5, and 10.5. The work is carried out under electrical load of 240, 420, and 600 Watt. The result indicates that compression ratio affects the rotational speed, brake power, brake torque, brake specific fuel consumption, and thermal efficiency of the gen-set. Optimum compression ratio for the gen-set fuelled with raw biogas is 9.5. At the optimum compression ratio, maximum brake power, brake torque, and thermal efficiency of are 450.37 W, 1.66 Nm, and 46.93%, respectively. Minimum brake specific fuel is 0.59 kg/kWh at the optimum compression ratio.
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Tan, Ruoyu, Jieji Zheng, Bin Yu, Baoyu Li, Dapeng Fan i Xin Xie. "Design and analysis of a hollow-ring permanent magnet brake for robot joints". Mechanical Sciences 13, nr 2 (5.08.2022): 687–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-13-687-2022.
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Abstract. An electromagnetic brake is the key basic component to ensure the safety of robot joints. The conventional electromagnetic brake mostly uses a set of springs to provide braking force and solenoid power to provide a recovery force, which makes this kind of brake with large thickness and small braking torque that is not conducive to the application in light and small joint components. In many design processes, unclear understanding of the machine-electric-magnetic coupling characteristics leads to relatively simple theoretical models and inaccurate theoretical results, which do not provide more help for subsequent designs. In this paper, a hollow-ring type permanent magnetic power-loss protection brake, integrated inside a joint assembly, is designed. The brake uses rare earth Nd–Fe–B permanent magnets to provide braking suction instead of ordinary spring packs, and achieves motion guidance and braking torque transmission by means of leaf spring. Combined with the deformation model of the leaf spring and the magnetic circuit models of the brake under the power-on and power-off conditions, the overall coupling dynamics model of the brake is established. The theoretical results are compared through finite-element software, and a prototype is produced for experimental testing. Finally, the accuracy and validity of the theoretical model are verified, providing a theoretical and experimental basis for the design of this type of brake.
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Petry, Matthias, Abdelkrim Lamjahdy, Ali Jawad, Bernd Markert i Hubertus Murrenhoff. "Validation of a thermo- and a hydromechanical model of a brake system for high-speed rail applications". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 232, nr 8 (26.03.2018): 2149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409718765348.
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This research deals with a numerical and experimental investigation of the vibratory frequency and the thermal response of a railway brake disc and pad under varying conditions. Railway brake systems play a vital role in passenger safety and comfort. The performance of disc brakes with regard to the dynamic effects like brake torque oscillations and brake judder depends on the contact properties and wear surfaces. Brake fading occurs due to accumulated frictional heat thereby reducing the stopping power. For an improved understanding of the complex processes of a brake system during long-term braking, a comprehensive numerical investigation is performed initially using the finite element software Abaqus for a thermomechanical and modal analysis. While the thermomechanical analysis based on the calculations of frictional heat is used to investigate the increase of temperature during braking, the contact pressure is a crucial parameter that influences the distribution of temperature both on the brake disc and on the pads. The modal analysis is used to investigate the frequency behaviour of the vibrations. Then, a simulation model of a self-energised electrohydraulic brake provides the results of brake force oscillations with regard to the observed topologies of the brake disc’s wear surface, which is measured at a full-scale test rig by an enlarged experimental set-up. In addition to the dynamic brake force, the set-up contains the online measurement of the side face run-out and the temperature of one side of a ventilated brake disc. By comparing the results of our experimental and numerical investigations, the simulation models are validated. Future research should focus on a thermomechanical analysis that considers heating, cooling, and the wear effects. A detailed implementation of the contact pressure distribution between the brake pads and disc can lead to a more precise prediction of brake torque oscillations. The achieved results can be used to improve riding comfort and resolve safety critical problems in high-speed trains.
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Vasileva, Oksana Y. "Brake power prediction at the feasibility study of inland ships design". Russian Journal of Water Transport, nr 67 (15.06.2021): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.37890/jwt.vi67.187.
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The article is devoted to the problem brake power prediction at the feasibility study of inland ships design. The analysis of the existing methods of calculating the brake power is presented: based on the theory of ship traction calculations, based on the regressions of L. I. Fomkinsky, based on the use of the admiralty coefficient. The problems that arise when using the considered methods at the feasibility study of ship design. The results of calculations of the brake power and an assessment of the results obtained for a sample of ships are given, allowing conclusions to be drawn about the possible use of existing methods. A method is proposed for calculating the brake power of a ship using the relationship between the dimensionless quantities, which allow taking into account both experimental data and the physics of phenomena. It is shown that the proposed method, when used at the feasibility study of inland ships design, has a higher accuracy in comparison with the considered methods for calculating the brake power.
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Lv, Hong Zhan, i Xi Chang Liang. "Optimum Design of a High Power Density Magnetic-Gel Brake Base Using Neural Network Model and Genetic Algorithm". Advanced Materials Research 102-104 (marzec 2010): 184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.102-104.184.
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An integrated approach based on genetic algorithm (GA) and an artificial neural network (ANN) is presented for structural optimization of a high power density magneto-gel brake. For this method, the GA method is employed for obtaining the optimal configuration of the brake by minimizing the dimensions of the brake. Subsequently, a two-layer BP neural network model is trained to obtain the correlation between main design parameters and performance of the brake, and then it is used to predict the performance of the magnetic gel brake with high power density. The coupled method incorporating the ANN with GA can reduce substantially the computation time during optimizing brake performance. Meanwhile, the proposed method’s validity is demonstrated by comparisons between the experiment and existing data.
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Zhang, Tuo, Sungjin Choi, Seoyeon Ahn, Chanhyuk Nam i Geesoo Lee. "Enclosure Design for Brake Wear Particle Measurement Using Computational Fluid Dynamics". Energies 14, nr 9 (21.04.2021): 2356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092356.
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The harmfulness of fine dust generated by automobile brakes to the environment has recently received attention. Therefore, we aimed to analyze and regulate the brake wear particles in dynamometers. To accurately measure the number of particles and particle mass, the sampling system used needs to minimize transportation losses and reduce the residence time in the brake enclosure system. The brake dust measurement system currently used can estimate the main transportation loss but cannot evaluate the complex flow field in the brake enclosure system under different design conditions. We used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology to predict the behavior of brake wear particles and analyze the static pressure characteristics, the uniformity of the system flow, and the residence time of the brake dust particles in the system. In addition, we compared the design of the basic structure of the brake enclosure system, combined with the four factors affecting the design of the brake dynamometer, with the enclosure system. As a result, we proposed that the design of the cross section of the brake dynamometer enclosure should be circular, the outlet angle of the enclosure should be 15°, the caliper should be fixed to 150°, and two sets of splitters should be added. This design improves pressure loss and reduces the residence time of brake dust particles in the brake enclosure system.
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Ashish R. Pawar, Vikaskumar K. Mehtre, Ganesh E. Kondhalkar, Mahesh P. Kumbhare,. "Experimental Investigation and Analysis on Composite Brake Lining for Heavy Loading Crane". Mathematical Statistician and Engineering Applications 71, nr 1 (15.04.2022): 470–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/msea.v71i1.2580.
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An ideal brake lining, which provides uniform and stable friction under all the operating conditions without any fade. The significance of friction material in material handling and earth moving machinery, commonly used friction material earlier contained asbestos as the base material mainly because of its property to resist deformation under action of heat generated due to friction. This review focuses on analysis of the brake friction lining material and other materials for band brake application. The measurement of friction force and the calculation of the coefficient of friction, coefficient of friction COF are critical for many industrial applications, e.g. Brakes, valves, clutches, similarly power and motion control mechanisms. High friction during machine operation not only generates heating that might cause failure of a machine part, but also consume a large amount of energy. It is estimated that one-third to one-half of the world’s energy production is wasted through friction.
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Zhao, Xinyi, i Ye Lu. "A Comprehensive Performance Evaluation Method Targeting Efficiency and Noise for Muzzle Brakes Based on Numerical Simulation". Energies 15, nr 10 (13.05.2022): 3576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15103576.
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The installation of muzzle brake changes the flow direction of propellant gas, which leads to a decline in the recoil force but an increase in the muzzle flow noise of the side rear. Therefore, the coordination between high efficiency and low harm of muzzle brake is one of the factors limiting its optimization. To address this problem, a numerical method for evaluating the comprehensive performance of muzzle brake targeting muzzle brake efficiency and impulse noise is proposed in the present study. The two performance indexes are calculated using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-computational aeroacoustics (CAA) coupled method. Afterwards, a corresponding experiment is conducted to verify its feasibility. Furthermore, the comprehensive performance of muzzle brakes with three different structures are analysed based on the two indexes obtained by the proposed numerical method. The results reveal that both indexes can be influenced by the structure of muzzle brakes. The increased braking efficiency is almost accompanied by increased impulse noise, but the functional relation is not linear dependence. Thus, the comprehensive performance can be improved by optimization of the structure. The evaluation method proposed in this paper has theoretical significance for optimizing muzzle brakes, which is of great engineering value.
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Leighton, M., Nicholas Morris, Gareth Trimmer, Paul D. King i Homer Rahnejat. "Efficiency of disengaged wet brake packs". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, nr 6 (10.03.2018): 1562–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018758567.
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Key objectives in off-highway vehicular powertrain development are fuel efficiency and environmental protection. As a result, palliative measures are made to reduce parasitic frictional losses while sustaining machine operational performance and reliability. A potential key contributor to the overall power loss is the rotation of disengaged wet multi-plate pack brake friction. Despite the numerous advantages of wet brake pack design, during high-speed manoeuvre in highway travel or at start-up conditions, significant frictional power losses occur. The addition of recessed grooves on the brake friction lining is used to dissipate heat during engagement. These complicate the prediction of performance of the system, particularly when disengaged. To characterise the losses produced by these components, a combined numerical and experimental approach is required. This paper presents a Reynolds-based numerical model including the effect of fluid inertia and squeeze film transience for prediction of performance of wet brake systems. Model predictions are compared with very detailed combined Navier–Stokes and Rayleigh-Plesset fluid dynamics analysis to ascertain its degree of conformity to representative physical operating conditions, as well the use of a developed experimental rig. The combined numerical and experimental approach is used to predict significant losses produced during various operating conditions. It is shown that cavitation becomes significant at low temperatures due to micro-hydrodynamic action, enhanced by high fluid viscosity. The magnitude of the losses for these components under various operating conditions is presented. The combined numerical-experimental study of wet multi-plate brakes of off-highway vehicles with cavitation flow dynamics has not hitherto been reported in the literature.
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Degallaix, Gérard, Philippe Dufrénoy, Jonathan Wong, Paul Wicker i Frédéric Bumbieler. "Failure Mechanisms of TGV Brake Discs". Key Engineering Materials 345-346 (sierpień 2007): 697–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.345-346.697.
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The CRISFIS project (supported by ADEME agency) consists in jointly studying the squealing and cracking aspects of the high power disc brakes for TGV very high speed trains. This paper deals with the progress concerning the cracking part. An experimental and modelling strategy is adopted in order to better understand and predict brake disc cracking. Braking tests conducted on an industrial scale-one test bench are presented. In a first step, the influence of the pad-type on the thermal loading applied to the disc is studied by means of an infrared camera and thermocouples embedded in the pads and in the disc. In a second step, the thermal maps extracted from thermographic monitoring are used as input data for thermal-mechanical calculations. Finally, the results of modelling and tests are compared to the damage observed on the brake discs.