Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Brake cooling

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Brake cooling”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 19 lutego 2022

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Brake cooling"

Ramachandran, G., K. Kathiresan i M. Venkatesan. "Brake Characteristics and Cooling Methods – A Review". Applied Mechanics and Materials 813-814 (listopad 2015): 949–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.813-814.949.

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Braking system is important in any automobile. It is essential to decelerate the vehicle and stop it. Friction braking system is widely used system of braking. It makes use of frictional force to safely retard the vehicle. The temperature of the brake pad (stator) and disc (rotor) increases because of frictional force between them. Higher temperatures may lead to fading of brakes resulting in its failure. This paper briefly reviews published works on studying the wear and thermal characteristics of brake pads and on various available brake cooling methods. The microstructural changes in the brake pads are analyzed and reason for enhanced wear at higher temperatures is traced out. The various test results obtained using microscope (SEM), Friction assessment screening tests (FAST), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) are described in brief. A description of the available methods of enhancing the brake cooling and decreasing the wear rate is discussed. This work will be useful in planning further research in this important area of automotive field.

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Mullisen, R. S. "Thermal Engineering Design Project: Disk Brake Cooling Simulation". International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education 25, nr 4 (październik 1997): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030641909702500406.

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A thermal engineering design project involving simulated cooling of vented and nonvented disk brakes is described. A heated copper tube was rotated in a manner that replicated the motion of a single vented passageway inside a disk brake rotor. The class assignment required design and construction of equipment, and data reduction using the lumped heat capacity method to obtain heat transfer correlations. The seven student groups plus the author produced 238 data points which were collectively correlated into two Nusselt number curves. The curve for the nonvented brakes simulation was benchmarked against the published literature for a cylinder in crossflow; the deviation was about 31%. The results from the vented brakes simulation which, in addition to the external air flow, had an internal radial flow driven by the rotation produced a 30% cooling augmentation over the nonvented simulation.

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Belhocien, Ali, i Wan Zaidi Wan Omar. "CFD Modeling and Simulation of Aeorodynamic Cooling of Automotive Brake Rotor". Journal of Multiscale Modelling 09, nr 01 (marzec 2018): 1750008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1756973717500081.

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Braking system is one of the important control systems of an automotive. For many years, the disc brakes have been used in automobiles for the safe retarding of the vehicles. During the braking enormous amount of heat will be generated and for effective braking sufficient heat dissipation is essential. The thermal performance of disc brake depends upon the characteristics of the airflow around the brake rotor and hence the aerodynamics is an important in the region of brake components. A CFD analysis is carried out on the braking system as a case study to make out the behavior of airflow distribution around the disc brake components using ANSYS CFX software. We are interested in the determination of the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) on each surface of a ventilated disc rotor varying with time in a transient state using CFD analysis, and then imported the surface film condition data into a corresponding FEM model for disc temperature analysis.

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Duan, Zheng Yong, Yong Peng i Heng Wu. "Optimization and Control Researches into the Cooling System of Pneumatic Disc Brake". Advanced Materials Research 479-481 (luty 2012): 1414–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.479-481.1414.

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Some problems involved in the cooling and control system of a pneumatic disc brake are presented in this paper. The selection foundation of the friction torque is deduced when do strength check and thermal analysis to the brake. The heat transfer conditions when the brake safely works on the worst braking condition is investigated also; to propose that the coefficient of rib of the friction plate be more than 3.6. In addition, the control system of the brake is discussed. In terms of the design of the brake, for the cooling and control system, the parameters including the angular speed and torque of the shaft of the drawworks, the temperatures of the coolant at the inlet and the outlet, the pressure of the compressed air need to be monitored or controlled.

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Hsueh, M. H. "The Application of Thermoelectric Cooling Module in the Vehicle's Braking System". Applied Mechanics and Materials 163 (kwiecień 2012): 226–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.163.226.

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The research is presented a kind of cooling device for a vehicles brake cooling system, which comprises a thermoelectric cooling (TEC) chip and a heat exchange system. The disc-brake and drum-brake systems are discussed in the research. After inputting electric power, the TEC chip provides one cooling surface which is stick on the brake system and absorbs the heat from the brake pads or shoes. The other surface releases heat which is absorbed by a recycle water-cooling system to discharge the heat by water-cooled radiator to the surrounding. It decreased the working temperature of the brake system about 30% at most after using this cooling device and increased the braking force about 30% at least. There is a temperature control device for the device which can start the TEC chip when the temperature of the brake pads or shoes exceeded 50, which is the lowest temperature that the brake pads or shoes can maintain the most performance of the braking force. The device can efficiently keep the braking force when the driver uses the brake to reduce the vehicles speed for a long time and provide the safety for the driver.

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Arasu, S., i A. Krishnamoorthy. "Design and Manufacturing of Conical Vent Profile Disc Brake". Applied Mechanics and Materials 766-767 (czerwiec 2015): 1028–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.766-767.1028.

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Braking system is one amongst the foremost vital contact mechanisms in an automobile. The braking potency in automobile depends on the desertion characteristics of the constraint assembly. The heat refusal from the system is proportional to the desertion of brake. This paper aims to bring out producing, testing of conical shape vent profile and studies of existing cooling vent profile heat refusal throughout the braking. This result reduces the thermal and structural stress on the brake plate. The prevailing vehicles brakes has been made from cylindrical vent profiles that in theory has lesser cooling potency because the direction of the air flow .The profile favor to increase the cooling potency by conical shape vent. The vent is reshaped in such some way that the face of the round shape vent is within the direction of air flow throughout vehicle motion that permits a lot of quantity of air to flow across the brake plate. This style changes results to extend the heat convey rate throughout the braking

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Kathiresan, K., J. Adhavan i M. Venkatesan. "Experimental Investigation on Droplet Cooling of Brakes". Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (lipiec 2014): 1585–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.1585.

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Braking system is one of the important systems in Automobiles. It is essential to decelerate the vehicle and stop it when essential. The temperature of the brake pad (stator) and disc (rotor) increases because of frictional force between them. Higher temperatures may lead to brake fading or failure of braking system. In the present study droplet cooling of commercially available Brake pad is analyzed with surface temperatures in the range of 80°C - 150°C. The brake pad material analyzed is a composite material with Fe2O3, BaO, CaO, SiO2, SO3 and MgO as major constituents. The percentage of the constituents are found using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The brake pad is artificially heated using cartridge heater and a fixed volume of water is dropped on to the brake pad surface using a syringe pump. The characteristics of droplet on the surface of the brake pad are recorded using a High speed camera. The temperature is measured continuously using a K type thermocouple and is recorded using an online data acquisition system. The characteristic of droplet enhanced cooling is presented.

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Voller, G. P., M. Tirovic, R. Morris i P. Gibbens. "Analysis of automotive disc brake cooling characteristics". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 217, nr 8 (1.08.2003): 657–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070360692050.

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The aim of this investigation was to study automotive disc brake cooling characteristics experimentally using a specially developed spin rig and numerically using finite element (FE) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods. All three modes of heat transfer (conduction, convection and radiation) have been analysed along with the design features of the brake assembly and their interfaces. The spin rig proved to be very valuable equipment; experiments enabled the determination of the thermal contact resistance between the disc and wheel carrier. The analyses demonstrated the sensitivity of this mode of heat transfer to clamping pressure. For convective cooling, heat transfer coefficients were measured and very similar results were obtained from spin rig experiments and CFD analyses. The nature of radiative heat dissipation implies substantial e ects at high temperatures. The results indicate substantial change of emissivity throughout the brake application. The influence of brake cooling parameters on the disc temperature has been investigated by FE modelling of a long drag brake application. The thermal power dissipated during the drag brake application has been analysed to reveal the contribution of each mode of heat transfer.

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Lyons, O. F. P., D. B. Murray i A. A. Torrance. "Air jet cooling of brake discs". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 222, nr 6 (1.06.2008): 995–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes927.

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This paper reports on an investigation of a novel approach to the cooling of brake discs, based on the application of impinging air jets. This has the capacity to enhance the heat transfer coefficients at the disc surface quite considerably without affecting the disc design, so that the disc construction may then be optimized without reference to heat transfer. Using a purpose built test-rig, disc temperature histories were recorded using infrared thermography for varying jet air flowrates, angle of impingement, dimensionless distance from the brake disc, and rotational speed. As well as comparing cooling effectiveness for different test parameters, convective heat transfer coefficients were calculated from the transient temperature data and were used as boundary conditions for a finite-element model of the process. The results obtained from this investigation suggest that the higher convection coefficients achieved with jet cooling will not only reduce the maximum temperature in the braking cycle but will reduce thermal gradients, since heat will be removed faster from hotter parts of the disc. Jet cooling should, therefore, be effective to reduce the risk of hot spot formation and associated disc distortion.

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Antczak, Kamil, i Marcin Sosnowski. "Simulation of the influence of brake disc geometry of its cooling efficiency". International Journal of Engineering and Safety Sciences 1 (2020): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/ijess.2020.01.03.

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The article discusses the problem of brake disc cooling and its impact on safety. Three variants of brake disc cooling were made, which were then used in the thermal load analysis with the use of FEM.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Brake cooling"

Lindgren, Arne. "Development of Brake Cooling". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-31225.

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Sports cars need efficient brake cooling as they shall perform well during hard driving conditions, like for example race track driving. Most sports cars use ducts that capture ambient airflow and directs this flow over the brakes to improve the cooling. This project was conducted in cooperation with Koenigsegg Automotive AB and aims to develop more efficient brake cooling ducts for their cars. Computational Fluid Dynamics was used to analyse the convective cooling of the brake disc and the pads. First was the cooling with the previously used ducts analysed in order to establish a reference. Then new concepts were created, analysed and developed in an iterative process. A design is proposed, which have the inlet in the centre of the wheel axle and that directs the air through radial channels to the brake disc. The simulations indicate that the proposed design results in 14% higher heat transfer rate compared to the previously used cooling solution. In addition to the cooling ducts, some passive cooling devices were also simulated. Simulations with these in combination with the proposed design, indicate up to 25% increase in heat transfer rate, but this cannot be fully confirmed due to limitations in the simulation model.
Sportbilar behöver effektiv bromskylning eftersom de ska prestera väl under hårda körförhållanden, som till exempel bankörning. De flesta sportbilar använder kanaler som fångar omgivande luftflöde och riktar detta flöde över bromsarna för att förbättra kylningen. Detta projekt genomfördes i samarbete med Koenigsegg Automotive AB och syftar till att utveckla effektivare bromskylkanaler till deras bilar. Computational Fluid Dynamics användes för att analysera den konvektiva kylningen av bromsskivan och bromsbeläggen. Först analyserades kylningen med den tidigare använda bromskylkanalen i syfte att skapa en referens. Sedan skapades nya koncept som analyserades och utvecklades i en iterativ process. En konstruktion föreslås, som har inloppet i centrum av hjulaxeln och som sedan styr luften genom radiella kanaler till bromsskivan. Simuleringarna indikerar att den föreslagna konstruktionen resulterar i 14% högre värmeöverföringshastighet än den tidigare använda bromskylningslösningen. Förutom kylkanalerna har några passiva kylanordningar också simulerats. Simuleringar med dessa i kombination med den föreslagna konstruktionen, indikerar upp till 25% ökning av värmeöverföringshastigheten, men detta kan inte helt bekräftas på grund av begränsningar i den använda simuleringsmodellen.

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Stephens, Arthur William, i arthur stephens esb ie. "Aerodynamic Cooling of Automotive Disc Brakes". RMIT University. Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20070108.121737.

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Sufficient heat dissipation is crucial to the effective operation of friction based braking systems. Such cooling is generally provided by ensuring a sufficient supply of cooling air to the heated components, hence the aerodynamics in the region of the brake components is extremely important. The objective of the research was to develop an understanding of how aerodynamics could be used to improve the cooling of automotive disc brakes. Two separate sets of wind tunnel experiments were developed. Tests were performed on a vented disc (rotor) to measure the internal flow through the vents on a rotating vented disc under various conditions, including an isolated disc in still air, the disc in still air with the wheel on, the disc in moving air with the wheel on, and an on-road simulation using a ¼ car. On vehicle tests were also performed in a wind tunnel using a purpose built brake test rig. These tests measured the thermal performance of different brake discs under various operating parameters; including constant load braking, and cooling from high temperature under various speeds, wheels and disc types. It was found that airflow through vented rotors was significantly reduced during simulated on-road driving, compared to when measured in isolation, but not particularly affected by the vehicles speed. In the situations tested, vented discs offered a 40+% improvement in cooling over an equivalent sized solid rotors. However the research indicates that the greatest benefit of vented rotors over solid will be in vehicles where air entering the wheel cavity is limited, such as low drag vehicles. It was also found that the most significant improvements in brake thermal performance could be achieved by maximising the airflow into the region of the brake components; including increasing the open area of the wheel, and increasing the vehicle velocity. Other improvements can be achieved by using a wheel material with good conductive capability, and increasing the mass of the disc. Evidence of vortex shedding was also discovered in the airflow at the exit of an internal vented rotor, any reduction in this flow disturbance should lead to increased airflow with associated improvements in thermal performance.

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Chen, Jing Ping. "Thermo-mechanical behaviour of heavy-duty disc brake systems". Thesis, Cranfield University, 2001. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/10701.

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In heavy-duty disc brake systems, braking is a transient, non-linear and asymmetrical thermo-mechanical process. Surface cracking, rather than wear, is the major factor limiting the brake disc's life. The disc material (cast-iron), heat transfer boundary conditions and pad-disc frictional reactions are characteristically non-linear and asymmetrical during the friction process. Non-uniform deformation and surface cracks in brake discs result from the accumulation of excessive residual stress/strain. During braking processes, many factors affect the distributions of the residual stress and strain in discs, and hence the propagation of the surface cracks. The disc material, structure and boundary conditions are three of the crucial aspects. From the structure, a brake disc could be either solid or ventilated. In practice, solid structures always have higher anti-cracking performance than the same class of ventilated designs. However solid discs cost more material and have lower cooling efficiency. This thesis presents an improved finite element analysis for heavy-duty disc brakes and identifies design improvements. As the friction pads slide against the disc's surfaces continuously, the thermal and mechanical loads are functions of time and spatial coordinates. A 3-D asymmetrical finite element model was developed to achieve more accurate simulations of the thermo-mechanical behaviour of brake discs during braking processes. A non-linear inelastic material model for cast-iron was employed in the FE model. Permanent plastic stress and strain fields were predicted and analysed for multi-stop drag operations. The residual stress/strain fields in the discs are investigated to understand the differences between solid and ventilated discs in terms of the cracking resistance ability. Several engineering solutions are recommended for optimising the performance of the disc brake system. _ The thesis is organized in five chapters. Chapter One introduces the background concepts about the commercial disc brake system. In this part, the brake structure, material and previous researches are reviewed. The goals for this investigation are also summarised at the end of this chapter. Chapter Two introduces the general finite element modelling knowledge, procedures and the modelling boundary conditions and material models. Chapter Three presents an analysis of the disc brakes thermo-mechanical behaviour and the affecting factors. Chapter Four is focused on the residual stress field prediction and cracking behaviour analysis. The project conclusions and further research recommendations are presented in Chapter Five.

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Premkumar, Daryl. "OPTIMIZATION OF BRAKE PAD GEOMETRY TO PROMOTE GREATER CONVECTIVE COOLING TO INCREASE HEAT DISSIPATION RATE". OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2322.

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Despite many research pieces on brake systems, there is still research to be done on brake pad geometry and the dissipation of heat during brake engagements using the finite element analysis method. Brake application is a process in which the kinetic energy of the vehicle is mostly converted into thermal energy and then dissipated in the form of heat. Based on dynamometer test results it was seen that brake pad temperatures could reach up to 600° C [23]. Preliminary research using computer modeling software has shown that heat dissipation in brake pads with wavy geometries and air channels from the top to bottom is much better compared to pads that do not have those specific features. Brake pads that dissipate heat faster are prone to brake fade and other braking issues that may arise due to overheating [15]. For this research, two readily available brake pads and two designs of brake pads with new geometry were modeled using CAE software. Finite element analysis was then performed to test how well each brake pad dissipated heat after reaching brake fade temperatures. The readily available brake pads were from Power Stop and Wagner [26]. ANSYS Space Claim [25] was used to design and model the brake pads, ANSYS 18.2 [24] was used to perform the finite element analysis on the pads. After performing the analysis, results indicate that a brake pad with a design that had zones for turbulent air at ambient conditions and convection slots from the top to the bottom decreased in temperature by about 90° C more in the same time compared to the conventional design. By studying the changing values of the convection heat transfer coefficient with velocity, the placing of the turbulence zones can be more precise in order attain greater airflow to remove heat from the brake pad quicker.

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Desai, Chetan Prabhakar. "An experimental and numerical investigation of natural convection in open ended annuli and its application to the cooling of an aircraft brake assembly /". The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487863429091573.

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Stiborová, Dana. "Aktivní aerodynamické prvky osobních vozidel". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-318777.

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In this diploma thesis active aerodynamic components are designed, specifically brake cooling duct and active automotive wing. Cooling duct prototype and also active regulation controlling electronics including the software were created. Road test was performed to measure the duct parameters. Construction design and the active regulation function of the automotive wing were created. The influence of the wing on aerodynamic characteristics of the car was determined.

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Dorňák, Michal. "Navíjecí stroj". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228653.

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The aim of this diploma thesis is the proposal of solution of three-axial winding machine for winding technology of rotary profile. Winding materials are continual springs of carbon, aramid or glass fibre impregnated by resin. The main construction change of the machine compared to commercial available solutions is the use of linear motor as a frame element instead of roller screws or toothed chain. Linear motors have higher dynamics of the movement and they can reach higher speed compared to other solutions, which guarantee increase of the machine productivity. The main importance is put not only on the functionality but also on the low price of this solution. The 3D model of the mechanism is created in the program Inventor 2009.

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Cartigny, Florence. "Etude thermique d'un frein ferroviaire refroidi par circulation liquide". Valenciennes, 2004. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/de9fdc4b-45e8-4506-96b8-6e4025d3f1a2.

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Dans le domaine ferroviaire, l’augmentation des capacités de transport et de la vitesse de circulation sollicite fortement les systèmes de freinage, les conduisant à leur limite d’utilisation. Différentes recherches ont donc été menées afin d’améliorer les dispositifs actuels et de proposer des alternatives. Nous étudions un concept de frein dont le disque porte des secteurs de matériau de friction et dont les patins métalliques sont refroidis par circulation liquide. Une étude thermique du frein a été réalisée grâce à une modélisation par éléments finis. Celle-ci a permis de montrer l’efficacité du système pour des freinages répétés. L’emploi de matériaux plus effusifs et diffusifs accroît les possibilités d’échange du frein refroidi et permet d’envisager des applications haute énergie. La validation des résultats numériques a été effectuée par la réalisation d’une campagne d’essais sur un banc de freinage à échelle réduite. La comparaison des résultats obtenus par les deux approches montre une bonne concordance
In the railway field, transport capacity and commercial speed increases highly sollicitate braking systems, leading them to their operating limits. Different studies are then carried out in order to improve current devices and to suggest alternatives. We study a brake concept, which disc carries lining sectors while the metallic pads are cooled by a liquid flow. A thermal study of the brake was conducted thanks to a finite elements modeling. This one showed the efficiency of the system for repeated brakings. Using effusive and diffusive materials increase the exchange possibilities and allow considering high energy application. The validation of numeric results was done with several tests on reduce scaled bench. Good agreement is found between the two approaches

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Gaudrat, Véronique. "Quelques méthodes pour l'optimisation de la coulée continue de l'acier dans le cas non stationnaire". Paris 9, 1987. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1987PA090032.

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LIOU, YU-TING, i 劉玉婷. "Investigations on the cooling performance of ventilated disk brake rotors". Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/j83dpc.

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Książki na temat "Brake cooling"

Mavrigian, Mike. High Performance Fasteners & Plumbing: A Guide to Nuts, Bolts, Fuel, Brake, Oil & Coolant Lines, Hoses, Clamps, RacingHardware and Plumbing Techniques. HP Trade, 2008.

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Części książek na temat "Brake cooling"

Zhengyong, Duan, Peng Yong i Wu Heng. "Optimization and Control Researches into the Cooling System of Pneumatic Disc Brake". W Communications in Computer and Information Science, 644–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23220-6_82.

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Gerlici, Juraj, Kateryna Kravchenko, Vladimir Hauser, Mykola Gorbunov, Tomas Lack i Valentin Mogila. "Innovative Technical Solutions to Improve the Cooling Efficiency of Friction Brake Elements". W TRANSBALTICA XI: Transportation Science and Technology, 341–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38666-5_36.

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Aramburu, Enric, i Roger Calvo. "Brake Cooling Simulation: A Combined Procedure of CFD, Thermal and 1D Software". W Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 309–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33835-9_29.

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Hunt, Will, Adam Price, Sacha Jelic, Vianney Staelens i Muhammad Saif Ul-Hasnain. "A Coupled Simulation Approach to Race Track Brake Cooling for a GT3 Race Car". W Progress in Vehicle Aerodynamics and Thermal Management, 3–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67822-1_1.

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Polyakov, Pavel, Artem Litvinov, Ruslan Tagiev, Alexey Golikov, Nina Zadayanchuk i Ivan Yaitskov. "Influence of Forced Cooling Criteria on the Pressure Distribution Inside the Curved Ventilation Ducts of the Brake Disc". W Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 47–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83917-8_5.

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Lee, Dae Hee, Chang Yul Lim, Kyoung Ill Yoon, Man Sig Kim, Moon Kyoung Kim, Sung Bong Park i Kwan Soo Lee. "Local Heat Transfer Measurements and Numerical Analysis in the Cooling Passage of the Ventilated Disc Brake with Semi-Cylindrically Grooved Surface". W Experimental Mechanics in Nano and Biotechnology, 1305–8. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-415-4.1305.

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Rönkkö, Topi, i Hilkka Timonen. "Overview of Sources and Characteristics of Nanoparticles in Urban Traffic-Influenced Areas". W Advances in Alzheimer’s Disease. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/aiad210004.

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Atmospheric nanoparticles can be formed either via nucleation in atmosphere or be directly emitted to the atmosphere. In urban areas, several combustion sources (engines, biomass burning, power generation plants) are directly emitting nanoparticles to the atmosphere and, in addition, the gaseous emissions from the same sources can participate to atmospheric nanoparticle formation. This article focuses on the sources and formation of nanoparticles in traffic-influenced environments and reviews current knowledge on composition and characteristics of these nanoparticles. In general, elevated number concentrations of nanoparticles are very typically observed in traffic-influenced environments. Traffic related nanoparticles can originate from combustion process or from non-exhaust related sources such as brake wear. Particles originating from combustion process can be divided to three different sources; 1) primary nanoparticles formed in high temperature, 2) delayed primary particles formed as gaseous compounds nucleate during the cooling and dilution process and 3) secondary nanoparticles formed from gaseous precursors via the atmospheric photochemistry. The nanoparticles observed in roadside environment are a complex mixture of particles from several sources affected by atmospheric processing, local co-pollutants and meteorology.

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Maher, Barbara A. "Airborne Magnetite- and Iron-Rich Pollution Nanoparticles: Potential Neurotoxicants and Environmental Risk Factors for Neurodegenerative Disease, Including Alzheimer’s Disease". W Advances in Alzheimer’s Disease. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/aiad210006.

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Fewer than 5% of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) cases are demonstrably directly inherited, indicating that environmental factors may be important in initiating and/or promoting the disease. Excess iron is toxic to cells; iron overload in the AD brain may aggressively accelerate AD. Magnetite nanoparticles, capable of catalyzing formation of reactive oxygen species, occur in AD plaques and tangles; they are thought to form in situ, from pathological iron dysfunction. A recent study has identified in frontal cortex samples the abundant presence of magnetite nanoparticles consistent with high-temperature formation; identifying therefore their external, not internal source. These magnetite particles range from ∼10 to 150 nm in size, and are often associated with other, non-endogenous metals (including platinum, cadmium, cerium). Some display rounded crystal morphologies and fused surface textures, reflecting cooling and crystallization from an initially heated, iron-bearing source material. Precisely-matching magnetite ‘nanospheres’ occur abundantly in roadside air pollution, arising from vehicle combustion and, especially, frictional brake-wear. Airborne magnetite pollution particles <∼200 nm in size can access the brain directly via the olfactory and/or trigeminal nerves, bypassing the blood-brain barrier. Given their toxicity, abundance in roadside air, and nanoscale dimensions, traffic-derived magnetite pollution nanoparticles may constitute a chronic and pernicious neurotoxicant, and hence an environmental risk factor for AD, for large population numbers globally. Olfactory nerve damage displays strong association with AD development. Reported links between AD and occupational magnetic fields (e.g., affecting welders, machinists) may instead reflect inhalation exposure to airborne magnetic nanoparticles.

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Husain, Iqbal. "Power Transmission, Brakes and Cooling Systems". W Electric and Hybrid Vehicles, 413–44. Wyd. 3. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429490927-14.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Brake cooling"

Jeong, ByeongUk, Hoon Kim, Woochul Kim i Sang Do Kwak. "Optimization of Cooling Air Duct and Dust Cover Shape for Brake Disc Best Cooling Performance". W SAE Brake Colloquium & Exhibition - 32nd Annual. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-2519.

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Shen, Fred Z., Devadatta Mukutmoni, Kurt Thorington i John Whaite. "Computational Flow Analysis of Brake Cooling". W SAE International Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/971039.

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Sun, Hongguang. "Sensitivity Study on Brake Cooling Performance". W SAE 2006 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-0694.

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Alves, Julio Cesar Lelis, Flavio Maruyama, Leonardo D. Volpe, Filipe Fabian Buscariolo i Felipe Magazoni. "Virtual Downhill Brake Cooling Evaluation Methodology". W 24th SAE Brasil International Congress and Display. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2015-36-0159.

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Kim, Gwichul, Junho Park, Byungcheon Lee i Hana Hwang. "A Study on Optimization of Brake Cooling System Considering Aerodynamics". W Brake Colloquium & Exhibition - 36th Annual. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-1875.

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Schuetz, Thomas. "Cooling Analysis of a Passenger Car Disk Brake". W SAE 2009 Brake Colloquium and Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-3049.

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Zhang, Jian J. "A High Aerodynamic Performance Brake Rotor Design Method for Improved Brake Cooling". W Annual Brake Colloquium And Engineering Display. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/973016.

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Shome, Biswadip, Vinod Kumar, Salvio Chacko, Vijay R. Paluskar i Mahesh V. Shridhare. "Numerical Simulation of Drum Brake Cooling for Heavy Trucks". W 24th Annual Brake Colloquium and Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-3214.

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Daudi, Anwar R. "Hayes High Airflow Design Rotor for Improved Thermal Cooling and Coning". W Annual Brake Colloquium And Engineering Display. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/982248.

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Cho, Young-Chang, Jonathan Jilesen i Satheesh Kandasamy. "Numerical Characterization of Brake System Cooling, Aerodynamic, and Particle Soiling Performances under Driving Conditions". W Brake Colloquium & Exhibition - 38th Annual. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-1622.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Brake cooling"

Glesener, W. F., i E. L. Garwin. Projected Life of the SLAC Linac Braze Joints: Braze integrity and corrosion of cooling water hardware on accelerator sections. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), lipiec 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/887074.

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