Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Brake

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Brake”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 10 marca 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Brake"

Duraisivam, Sivam, i E. Jamuna. "Thermal Analysis and Fabrication of Split Shoe Drum Brake". Applied Mechanics and Materials 867 (lipiec 2017): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.867.239.

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Active control of vehicle dynamics has become one of the top competitive features in today’s automobiles. Vehicle dynamics control systems include effective brakes and the number of life loss has been increased due to the in effective brakes. To reduce the crashing of vehicles caused by the braking disability by overcoming the drawbacks of the conventional braking system.Brakes are employed to stop or slow down the speed of the vehicle depending upon the driving needs. When brake applied, each wheel of the vehicle builds-up a certain braking force. For this reason, greater the number of wheels braked, greater will be the braking effect, and sooner the vehicle comes to halt. With this in mind the existing air brake system of a 6 wheeler is studied and analyzed. Brake shoe assembly is completely modeled using solid works and the analysis of the brake shoe assembly is carried out in Ansys .The results are analyzed . Then redesigned brake shoe assembly is modeled in solid works and analyzed with certain changes as required.

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Solovykh, Yevhen, Viktor Dubovyk, Andrii Solovykh, Stanislav Katerynych i Maksym Ishov. "Investigation of the Braking Process of Suspended Wheels of a Car With a Hydraulic Brake Drive". Central Ukrainian Scientific Bulletin. Technical Sciences, nr 3(34) (październik 2020): 282–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.32515/2664-262x.2020.3(34).282-289.

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For diagnosing car braking systems, bench methods have become the most widespread, and on power stands with running drums. The main disadvantage of these methods is the high cost of brake stands with low quality diagnostic information. At the same time the method of diagnosing brake systems on change of angular speed of the hung up wheels is perspective. But the considered method does not have a sufficiently complete theoretical justification, especially for cars with hydraulic brakes and therefore requires research. Therefore, the work substantiates the diagnostic modes and diagnostic parameters, obtained analytical dependences of the process of braking car wheels with hydraulic brakes, which describe the change in the angular deceleration of the suspended wheels over time in different parts of the brake diagram and the delay time of the brake system. The mathematical model is based on the differential equation of motion of the braked wheel when braking a car with a connected transmission (with clutch engaged) on a straight horizontal section of road. The change in braking torque during braking is determined by the nature of the pressure change in the drive. When braking the wheel, the braking force acts on the radius of the brake drum. The obtained analytical dependences make it possible to study the influence of various factors of the technical condition of brake systems on the performance of the braking process. In order to substantiate the diagnostic modes and diagnostic parameters, analytical dependences of the process of braking car wheels with hydraulic brakes have been developed, describing the change of angular deceleration of suspended wheels in time at different parts of the brake diagram and time delay of the brake system. The obtained analytical dependences make it possible to study the influence of various factors of the technical condition of brake systems on the performance of the braking process.

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Sawczuk, Wojciech, Armando Miguel Rilo Cañás, Dariusz Ulbrich i Jakub Kowalczyk. "Modeling the Average and Instantaneous Friction Coefficient of a Disc Brake on the Basis of Bench Tests". Materials 14, nr 16 (23.08.2021): 4766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164766.

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This article presents the results of tests conducted on the average and instantaneous friction coefficients of railway vehicle disc brakes. The tests were carried out independently of various states of wear on the friction linings and the brake disc. The requirements of the International Union of Railways (UIC) regarding the approval of brake linings for use were taken into account. Based on many years of research using a brake bench to test railway disc brakes, the authors developed multiple regression models for the average friction coefficient and fluctuations (tolerances) in the instantaneous friction coefficient and achieved 870 results. The models proposed three types of variables: the input braking parameters (speed, pressure, and mass to be braked), operational parameters (the wear on the friction linings and the brake disc), and design parameters (perforations in the form of holes on the disc surface). The above two models were validated on the basis of 384 brakes, and in subsequent stages a further evaluation was performed. The coefficients were determined to be, respectively, 0.99 for the model of the average friction coefficient and 0.71 for the model of tolerance (fluctuations) of the instantaneous friction coefficient.

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Novianto, R. Arief, i Galuh Achmaditiya. "Impact of Adjusting Brake Lining Gap and Brake Drum Temperature on Brake Efficiency of Motor Vehicles". RSF Conference Series: Engineering and Technology 2, nr 2 (29.11.2022): 256–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/cset.v2i2.579.

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In motor vehicle systems, brakes are one of the important components that have a major role in reducing the risk of accidents on the highway. In the brake system, especially drum brakes, improper component adjustment can cause the brakes not to work optimally. This research was conducted to determine the impact of large variations in the brake lining gap and brake drum temperature on brake efficiency in motorized vehicles. This study uses an experimental method with variations in the adjustment of the size of the brake lining gap and the temperature of the drum brake. The main brake efficiency was tested using a brake tester from these several variations. The variations of the brake lining gap used are 0.3 mm, 1 mm, and 1.7 mm. Meanwhile, the brake drum temperature is set at 30, 90, and 150 degrees Celsius. The result of this research is that the wider the brake lining gap, the smaller the brake efficiency. The greater the temperature on the drum brake also affects the smaller the efficiency of the brake. Meanwhile, the variable brake lining gap and temperature simultaneously (together) affect the level of brake efficiency. The larger gap between the lining and the temperature of the drum brake, the lower the efficiency of the brake obtained.

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Wang, Songlei, Fang Liu i Hui Jin. "Application of Conical Surface Brakes in Cranes". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2437, nr 1 (1.01.2023): 012073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2437/1/012073.

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Abstract Both drum brakes and disc brakes have their own structural limitations and advantages. As a new type of industrial brake, cone brake combines the advantages of electric hydraulic drum brake and electric hydraulic disc brake, makes up for the shortcomings of drum brake and disc brake, and greatly improves the service performance and safety performance of the brake. This paper introduces the structure composition and working principle of the conical surface brake, analyzes the advantages of the conical surface brake through the comparison with the drum brake, carries out experimental research, analyzes the test results, gives optimization suggestions for the existing shortcomings, and explores the application prospect of the new brake combined with the introduction of application examples. This paper provides a reference for the technical innovation of brake and a new choice for brake users.

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Li, Ai Ran, Yu Jin Fan, Teng Han, Zhe Kun Li, Pei Lin Zhao i Jun Jie Wang. "Properties of Hydraulic Floating Caliper Brake for AGV Car". Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (wrzesień 2014): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.33.

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Existing AGV car’s brakes are electromagnet brakes. Brake overheating causes brake damaged during work time.In this paper ,the hydraulic pressure floating caliper brake is applied to the AGV car . It with electromagnetic brake AGV car for braking performance comparison test, through comparative analysis know that hydraulic floating caliper brakes can not only meet the AGV car’s braking requirements and the system dynamic performance has improved greatly.

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Synák, František, Lenka Jakubovičová i Matúš Klačko. "Impact of the Choice of Available Brake Discs and Brake Pads at Different Prices on Selected Vehicle Features". Applied Sciences 12, nr 14 (21.07.2022): 7325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12147325.

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The purpose of a road vehicle’s friction brakes is to convert a vehicle’s kinetic energy to thermal energy. When doing so, the brakes should not be heated to such temperatures at which their efficiency could be reduced. The objective of the measurements in this article is to assess the ability of passenger brakes’ spare parts, brake discs and brake pads to meet the requirements for brakes. For the experimental measurements, brake discs and brake pads of high, middle and low prices were selected from advertisements intended for a particular vehicle. The measurements were performed via driving test measurements as well as under laboratory conditions. Driving test measurements determined the brake distance and mean fully developed deceleration of the brake components of all three price categories. On the other hand, the dependence between the effort to control the steering and the brake force, as well as the temperature of brake discs during repeated interrupted braking and continuous uninterrupted braking, were determined under laboratory conditions. Attention was also given to prevention against corrosion. The results show a sufficient ability of all the brake pads and brake discs tested to generate braking force under common conditions. However, when using the lowest-priced brake discs and brake pads, a substantial reduction in their efficiency can occur if braking intensively or over a long period.

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Rievaj, Vladimír, Lenka Mokričková i František Synák. "Temperature of the brakes and the Braking Force". Transport and Communications 5, nr 1 (2017): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/tac.c.2017.1.3.

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The kinetic energy of the braking vehicle is changed into heat and the resulting heat increases the temperature of each part of brakes. The changed temperature affects the coefficient of friction between the brake lining and brake drum of brake disc. Unless the brakes are actuated hydraulically there is the warning brake pads and brake fluid. Object of examination in this article is the impact of repetitive braking to change of these parameters and the impact of time to change the boiling point of the brake fluid.

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Mortimer, Rudolf G. "Motorcyclists' Brake Operation, Motorcycle Brake Controls and a Case Study: The Need for Human Factors Engineering". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, nr 10 (wrzesień 2002): 890–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204601003.

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A survey was made of the braking techniques reportedly used by 180 motorcyclists in a variety of conditions. Overall, the motorcyclists indicated that they used both front and rear brakes in hard braking 75% of the time on dry pavement and 47% on wet, but in other conditions they mostly used the rear brake first or exclusively. That the rear brake is preferred is not surprising because of the design of the brake controls and other reasons. Reliance on the rear brake at the expense of the front wheel brake leads to reduced deceleration. A crash case study exemplifies the effect. Integrated brakes, in which each brake control simultaneously activates the brakes on the front and rear wheels, are indicated by good human factors design and by motorcyclist's braking performance and should improve safety, especially when the brakes incorporate anti-locking mechanisms

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Pradhan, Dr Swastik, Santhosh M, Palepu rithvik i Katkam Ravi Teja. "Modelling and analysis of ventilated disc Brakes using Creo and FEA software". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, nr 6 (30.06.2022): 1359–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43959.

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Abstract: An important part of a car's safety system is the brakes. Brakes are easily worn, leading to unpredictable disasters. To avoid this, ventilated disc brakes are used, which helps the brakes to work well in stressful conditions and high temperatures. The materials used play an important role in determining performance. The main objective of this research work is to analyze the current design and conduct a suitable brake rotor analysis to improve its performance. Existing brake disc designs are modeled in Creo and analyzed with software. The material grades used in this study were performed on stainless steel, grey cast iron, structural steel, and titanium alloy brake discs using the same brake disc design to determine the best grade. Keywords: ventilated disc brake, creo, thermal analysis, static analysis.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Brake"

Conte, Alberto. "Development of brake components: geopolymer based brake pads". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424930.

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The brake disc technology is the most used on commercial vehicle. The main focus of this project was the substitution of the phenolic resin, which is normally used as matrix in brake pads, with inorganic matrix, and in particular with geopolymer. The inspiration comes from their inorganic structure. Geopolymers have better thermal properties than organic resins, which typically decompose by oxidation starting from 400°C. In fact, during the braking events temperature in the order of 600°C-800°C can be reached. The research has been financed by ITT Italia s.r.l a world company leader on the production of brake pads. On the base of the guidelines of the company, the goal of the project has been the substitution of the phenolic resin with the geopolymer matrix and without any modification on the production process of brake pads. Brake pads were produced using a warm press technology in dry conditions. During the pressing step occurs the phenolic resin’s crosslinking which could be completed through a post-curing in oven. Based on the fact which the geopolymer are synthesized in solution, the first part of the project was focused on the development of geopolymer matrices suitable to be processed in the same conditions used to produce phenolic resin-based brake pads. Two geopolymer system have been developed: 1. the hydrothermal dry synthesis of hydrosodalite from the reaction of kaolin and sodium hydroxide; 2. the cold sintering of geopolymer powder based on metakaolin and sodium silicate. The best pressing conditions for the two system were evaluated on the base of their effect on mechanical properties and physical proprieties of geopolymer matrix. To evaluate the feasibility of the production in large scale of the geopolymer based brake pads, for the geopolymer matrices two goals have been followed at the same time: 1. The scale up at an industrial level for the geopolymer matrix production. Tests were carried out before at lab scale and subsequently with industrial technologies. 2. The optimization of the brake formulations has been done in ITT Italia s.r.l. on the base of physical properties and friction characterization of geopolymer based brake pads.
La tecnologia di frenata basata sui dischi freno è la più utilizzata sui veicoli commerciali. L'obiettivo principale di questo progetto ha riguardato la sostituzione della resina fenolica, che viene normalmente utilizzata come matrice nelle pastiglie freno, con una matrice inorganica e in particolare con geopolimeri. L'idea deriva dalla loro struttura inorganica. I geopolimeri possiedono infatti proprietà termiche migliori delle resine organiche, le quali si decompongono in genere per ossidazione a partire dai 400 °C. Infatti, in fase di frenata frenata si possono raggiungere temperature dell'ordine di 600 °C - 800 °C. La ricerca è stata finanziata da ITT Italia s.r.l, un'azienda leader mondiale nella produzione di pastiglie freno. Sulla base delle linee guida dell'azienda, l'obiettivo del progetto è stato la sostituzione della resina fenolica con la matrice geopolimerica, e con il vincolo di non introdurre alcuna modifica sul processo di produzione delle pastiglie freno a base di resina fenolica. Le pastiglie freno sono state prodotte utilizzando una tecnologia di pressatura a caldo e a secco. Durante la fase di pressatura, avviene la reticolazione della resina fenolica, che può essere completata successivamente attraverso un post-curing in forno. Sulla base del fatto che il geopolimero è prodotto in soluzione acquosa, la prima parte del progetto, si è concentrata sullo sviluppo di matrici geopolimeriche adatte ad essere lavorate nelle stesse condizioni utilizzate per la produzione di pastiglie freno a base di resine fenoliche. Sono stati sviluppati due sistemi geopolimerici: 1. La sintesi idrotermale a secco di idrosodalite dalla reazione di caolino e idrossido di sodio; 2. La sinterizzazione a freddo della polvere di geopolimero ottenuto dalla reazione tra metacaolino e silicato di sodio. Le migliori condizioni di pressatura per i due sistemi, sono state valutate sulla base del loro effetto sulle proprietà meccaniche e sulle proprietà fisiche della matrice geopolimerica. Per valutare la fattibilità della produzione su larga scala delle pastiglie freno a matrice geopolimerica, per le matrici geopolimeriche sono stati perseguiti due obiettivi allo stesso tempo: 1. L’industrializzazione della produzione delle matrici geopolimeriche. I test sono stati effettuati prima su scala di laboratorio e successivamente con tecnologie industriali. 2. L'ottimizzazione delle formulazioni per pastiglie freno, che è stata effettuata presso il centro ricerche di ITT Italia s.r.l., sulla base delle proprietà fisiche e della caratterizzazione del comportamento ad usura delle pastiglie freno basate sui geopolimeri.

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Papinniemi, Antti Aerospace Civil &amp Mechanical Engineering Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "Vibro-acoustic studies of brake squeal noise". Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of Aerospace, Civil and Mechanical Engineering, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38696.

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Squeal noise has been an on-going concern with automotive brake systems since their inception. Even after many decades of research no single theory exists that adequately describes the phenomenon, and no general methods for eliminating squeal noise exist. Broadly speaking, three primary methods of analysis have been applied to understanding and eliminating brake squeal: analytical, experimental and numerical. Analytical models provide some insight into the mechanisms involved when a brake squeals, but have limitations in applicability to specific brake systems. Experimental methods provide the backbone of brake squeal investigations, especially in an industrial environment. However, the core focus of this thesis is to use a large scale finite element analysis (FEA) model to investigate brake squeal. Initially the FEA model was developed and the dynamic characteristics were validated against experimental modal analysis results. A complex eigenvalue analysis was performed to identify potential squeal modes which appear as unstable system vibration modes. Further techniques are described that allow the deeper probing of unstable brake system modes. Feed-in energy, which is the conversion of friction work into vibrational energy during the onset of squeal, is used to determine the relative contribution of each brake pad to the overall system vibration. The distribution of the feed-in energy across the face of a brake pad is also calculated. Component strain energy distributions are determined for a brake system as a guide to identifying which components might best be modified in addressing an unstable system mode. Finally modal participation is assessed by calculating the Modal Assurance Criterion (MAC) between component free modes and the component in the assembly during squeal. This allows participating modes to be visualised and aids in the development of countermeasures. The majority of the work in this thesis was performed using the commercial FEA code MSC.Nastran with user defined friction interfaces. An alternative approach using a contact element formulation available in Abaqus was also implemented and compared to the MSC.Nastran results. This analysis showed that considerable differences were noted in the results even though the overall predicted stability correlated relatively well to observed squeal. Abaqus was also used in a case study into the design of a brake rotor in a noisy brake system. The results of this study provided good correlation to observed squeal and facilitated effective rotor countermeasures to be developed. Some success was achieved in the main aims of predicting brake squeal and developing countermeasures. However, while the tools presented do allow a deeper probing of system behaviour during squeal, their use requires good correlation to observed squeal on brake system to be established. As such, their use as up-front design tools is still limited. This shortcoming stems from the complexity of brake squeal itself and the limitations in modelling the true nature of the non-linearities within a brake system.

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Day, Andrew J., Hon Ping Ho, Khalid Hussain i A. Johnstone. "Brake system simulation to predict brake pedal feel in a passenger car". SAE International, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3737.

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Braking system characteristics, brake system performance and brake system component design parameters that influence brake pedal `feel¿ in a passenger car have been studied using the simulation modelling package AMESim, in particular to model the linear and nonlinear characteristics of internal components. A passenger car hydraulic brake system simulation model incorporating the brake pedal, booster, master cylinder, brake lines and calipers has been developed to predict brake system response to assist in the design of braking systems with the desired brake pedal force / travel characteristic characteristics to create good brake pedal `feel¿. This has highlighted the importance of system components, in particular the master cylinder and caliper seal deformation, and the operating characteristics of the booster in determining the brake pedal force / travel characteristic. The potential contribution of these 3 components to brake pedal `feel¿ improvement has been investigated, and the results of the AMESim model have been verified using experimental measurement data. The model can be used in the future to provide an accurate prediction of brake system response at the design stage thereby saving time and cost.

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Wiese, Viktor. "Brake noise : A study in multi-tonal brake squeal". Thesis, KTH, MWL Marcus Wallenberg Laboratoriet, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-214996.

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Brake squeal is a major problem for the vehicle industry due to recla-mations and quality perception of vehicles, as well as the unpredictability of its occurrence. This report investigates the physical reasons behind a multi-tonal brake squeal generated in a motorcycle disc brake. It also covers why previous remedies to eliminate the noise has had an e↵ect, as well as trying to ﬁnd a stable cost-e↵ective solution to the problem. The brake components are studied using numerical simulations as well as experimental analysis, the accuracy of which is investigated by analyzing a simple beam and compar-ing the results to analytical calculations. By performing a FEM-simulation of the di↵erent subsystems, the multi-tonal sound was tracked down to the ABS tone wheel, e.a. the sensory ring that is used for wheel speed mea-surements. By simulating the modes with altered tone wheel thickness, the modal pattern remains the same albeit reduced in frequency. A character-istic dimension between the tone wheels mounting points where found, as the frequency where these bending modes between the mounting points oc-curred closely correlated with the frequency content of the measured noise. A thinner tone wheel was then manufactured and ﬁeld tested, these test results shows a reduction in frequency for the multi-tonal sound, thus the indications from the simulation is conﬁrmed. Furthermore, an investigation in to brake disc properties is carried out in order to explain the reason why discs with altered geometry lacks the squealing problems of the original disc. This is done by a simulation of the sound propagation eﬃciency of the discs out-of-plane surfaces as well as an experimental study of the insertion loss from the friction surface between the brake disc and the brake pads to the tone wheel. The report ends with suggestions of design changes that can help combat the current issues, as well as problems of the same nature that might arise in future brake designs

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Nilman, Jenny. "Modeling and Simulation of Brake Squeal in Disc Brake Assembly". Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-68798.

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Brake squeal is an old and well-known problem in the vehicle industry and is a frequent source for customer complain. Although, brake squeal is not usually affecting the performance of the brakes, it is still important to address the problem and to predict the brakes tendency to squeal on an early stage in the design process. Brake squeal is usually defined as a sustained, high-frequency vibration of the brake components, due to the braking action. By using simulation in finite element (FE) method it should be possible to predict at what frequencies the brakes tend to emit sound. The method chosen for the analysis was the complex eigenvalues analysis (CEA) method, since it is a well-known tool to predict unstable modes in FE analysis. The results from the CEA were evaluated against measured data from an earlier study. Even though there are four main mechanism formulated in order to explain the up come of squeal, the main focus in this project was modal coupling, since it is the main mechanism in the CEA. A validation of the key components in model was performed before the analysis, in order to achieve better correlation between the FE model and reality. A parametric study was conducted with the CEA, to investigate how material properties and operating parameters effected the brakes tendency to squeal. The following parameters was included in the analysis; coefficient of friction, brake force, damping, rotational velocity, and Young’s modulus for different components. The result from the CEA did not exactly reproduce the noise frequencies captured in experimental tests. The discrepancy is believed to mainly be due to problems in the calibration process of the components in the model. The result did however show that the most effective way to reduce the brakes tendency for squeal was to lower the coefficient of friction. The effect of varying the Young’s modulus different components showed inconsistent results on the tendency to squeal. By adding damping one of the main disadvantages for the CEA, which the over-prediction of the number of unstable modes, where minimized.

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Ripley, Ian, i ian ripley@qr com au. "An Investigation of Brake Application Delays in Australian Train Brake Systems". Central Queensland University. Engineering, 2005. http://library-resources.cqu.edu.au./thesis/adt-QCQU/public/adt-QCQU20060720.100110.

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An investigation of brake application delays in Australian train brake systems began with a literature review of pneumatic train braking systems. Data located in the review gave examples of brake application delays of pre 1990 designs from the U.K., India and North America. Information on application delays on later Australian designs was scarce. Reading of literature has shown a difference between the Australian and North American control valves in the way the propagation of the pressure reduction rate in the brake pipe is maintained. Control valves of the North American style allow the brake pipe air to be connected for a short time to a small cavity or quick service volume of each valve. The quick service volume is then released to atmosphere. The action of exhausting a small amount of air from the brake pipe helps to ensure a propagation of an adequate pressure reduction rate as it travels to the next valve. Australian control valves rely on the ratio of the volume of brake pipe between control valves and the size of the quick service volume or bulb to ensure the propagation of an adequate pressure reduction as it travels to the next valve. The air in a bulb of an Australian valve is not expelled to atmosphere until a brake release is made. The research explored possible reductions in application delays by utilizing an experimental pipe test rack that included 4 control valves and 120 meters of brake pipe. Experiments with different configurations of exhaust orifices or chokes, valves and branch pipe lengths that supplied the valves gave a record acquired by data acquisition of the timing of each valve and the local pressure drop from a valve or each valve for comparison. Experiments with exhaust chokes that gave a reduction drop rate in the brake pipe that approached the minimum required to operate a control valve resulted in instability of the application operation of the control valve. The quick service volume of different sizes was included in the experiments to give comparisons in the propagation of the pressure reduction toward the end of a long train. Further increases into the size of the bulb of a control valve to enhance the propagation features toward the end of a long train are discussed. The branch pipe with different diameters from 12 mm to 20 mm and lengths from 160 mm to 800 mm when fitted to an adaptor pipe bracket were investigated and results show that larger diameters gave larger gulps in the brake pipe. Other components that were studied included the pipe bracket that is fitted on some control valves. The pipe bracket and isolation cock was found to add 282 mm of additional length to the air path and while not changing the operation of the valve, the results showed a smaller drop in local pressure in the brake pipe to assist the pressure reduction rate than shown in valves without pipe brackets.

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Štylárek, Milan. "Konstrukce brzdového systému formule Student". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231480.

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Objective of this thesis is design of brake system of new car Formula Student class – Dragon 3. This car was built by students of faculty of mechanical engineering on Brno university of technology. Brake parts selection is described as well as designing hydraulic brake line circuits optimized for stable braking behavior on tracks of Formula Student competitions. One of main parts of this thesis is design of front and rear custom brake discs with related parts. These parts are FEM analyzed. In the end the whole brake system fitted on Dragon 3 car is tested on track and its performance is analyzed too.

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Lindgren, Arne. "Development of Brake Cooling". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-31225.

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Sports cars need efficient brake cooling as they shall perform well during hard driving conditions, like for example race track driving. Most sports cars use ducts that capture ambient airflow and directs this flow over the brakes to improve the cooling. This project was conducted in cooperation with Koenigsegg Automotive AB and aims to develop more efficient brake cooling ducts for their cars. Computational Fluid Dynamics was used to analyse the convective cooling of the brake disc and the pads. First was the cooling with the previously used ducts analysed in order to establish a reference. Then new concepts were created, analysed and developed in an iterative process. A design is proposed, which have the inlet in the centre of the wheel axle and that directs the air through radial channels to the brake disc. The simulations indicate that the proposed design results in 14% higher heat transfer rate compared to the previously used cooling solution. In addition to the cooling ducts, some passive cooling devices were also simulated. Simulations with these in combination with the proposed design, indicate up to 25% increase in heat transfer rate, but this cannot be fully confirmed due to limitations in the simulation model.
Sportbilar behöver effektiv bromskylning eftersom de ska prestera väl under hårda körförhållanden, som till exempel bankörning. De flesta sportbilar använder kanaler som fångar omgivande luftflöde och riktar detta flöde över bromsarna för att förbättra kylningen. Detta projekt genomfördes i samarbete med Koenigsegg Automotive AB och syftar till att utveckla effektivare bromskylkanaler till deras bilar. Computational Fluid Dynamics användes för att analysera den konvektiva kylningen av bromsskivan och bromsbeläggen. Först analyserades kylningen med den tidigare använda bromskylkanalen i syfte att skapa en referens. Sedan skapades nya koncept som analyserades och utvecklades i en iterativ process. En konstruktion föreslås, som har inloppet i centrum av hjulaxeln och som sedan styr luften genom radiella kanaler till bromsskivan. Simuleringarna indikerar att den föreslagna konstruktionen resulterar i 14% högre värmeöverföringshastighet än den tidigare använda bromskylningslösningen. Förutom kylkanalerna har några passiva kylanordningar också simulerats. Simuleringar med dessa i kombination med den föreslagna konstruktionen, indikerar upp till 25% ökning av värmeöverföringshastigheten, men detta kan inte helt bekräftas på grund av begränsningar i den använda simuleringsmodellen.

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Hamnholm, Löfgren Teodor. "Wheel Brake Noise Analysis". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Reglerteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-138011.

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The scope of this thesis is to investigate methods of recording, processing and analysing sound data from wheel brake testing in dynamometers with focus on detecting and measuring squeal. The desired outcome is a method that Scania can use to record and analyse brake sound. A literature study was made to find relevant methodologies and tools proposed in papers, books and industry standards. These methods were tried and evaluated by recording and analysing real sound data and other signals from one of Scanias dynamometers. The resulting method includes directions on what hardware to use, how to set it up and an algorithm that computes a spectral limit based on normal sound data. This limit is then used as reference when evaluating other recordings. To increase signal to noise ratio, an adaptive filter is proposed to attenuate background noise in the recordings, in particular from the dynamometer and ventilation system. The conclusion is that it is possible to find squeal using spectral limits based on normal data. The performance of the algorithm is a compromise between being very effective but rather complex, or slightly less effective but also less complex. Its performance is also highly dependent on how squeal is defined. A very narrow definition will only find certain types of squeal while a more broad definition will find more squeal, but also potentially mislabel some recordings.

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Ramaratham, Srivatsan. "A mathematical model for air brake systems in the presence of leaks". Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/86043.

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This thesis deals with the development of a mathematical model for an air brake system in the presence of leaks. Brake systems in trucks are crucial for ensuring the safety of vehicles and passengers on the roadways. Most trucks in the US are equipped with S-cam drum brake systems and they are sensitive to maintenance. Brake defects such as leaks are a major cause of accidents involving trucks. Leaks in the air brake systems affect braking performance drastically by decreasing the peak braking pressures attained and also increasing the time required to attain the same, thereby resulting in longer stopping distances. Hence there is a need for detecting leaks in an air brake system. In this thesis, a mathematical model for an air brake system in the presence of leaks is developed with a view towards developing an automatic leak detection system in the near future. The model developed here builds on an earlier research at Texas A&M University in which a "fault free" model of an air brake system is developed, i.e., a mathematical model of an air brake system that predicts how the pressure in the brake chamber evolves as a function of the brake pedal input when there are no leaks in the air brake system.In order to develop a model for an air brake system in the presence of leaks, one must characterize a "leak". A leak may be characterized by the location and its size. Since the pipes are short, the location of the leak does not significantly affect the evolution in the brake pressure as much as its size. For this reason, "effective area" of the leak was chosen as a characteristic of the leak. It was estimated by fitting an empirical relation for leak with leak flow measurement data. The supply pressure and effective area of leak comprised the inputs to the model along with the displacement of the foot pedal (treadle valve plunger). The model was corroborated with the experimental data collected using the setup at Texas A&M University.

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Książki na temat "Brake"

Air brake technology. Wyd. 3. Cheltenham: Stanley Thornes, 1991.

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International, Mitchell, i AlliedSignal Automotive Aftermarket, red. AlliedSignal Bendix brakes: The brake book. Rumford, RI (105 Pawtucket Avenue, Rumford, 02916-2422): AlliedSignal Automotive Aftermarket, 1996.

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Engineers, Society of Automotive, i SAE International Congress & Exposition (1992 : Detroit, Mich.), red. ABS/traction control and advanced brake systems. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, 1992.

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W, Carley Larry, red. Brake systems: OEM & racing brake technology. New York: HPBooks, 1998.

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Reif, Konrad, red. Brakes, Brake Control and Driver Assistance Systems. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-03978-3.

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R, Becker, i Robert Bosch GmbH, red. Brake systems: Brake systems for passenger cars. Stuttgart: Bosch, 1989.

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Brake, Colin. London: BBC Children's Books, 2007.

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Brake handbook. Tucson, AZ: HP Books, 1985.

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Couvillon, Alice. Watson Brake. Gretna: Pelican Pub. Co., 2009.

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United States. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, red. Questions and answers regarding antilock brake systems (ABS). [Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1998.

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Części książek na temat "Brake"

Wagner, Jochen. "Automatic brake functions". W Brakes, Brake Control and Driver Assistance Systems, 124–33. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-03978-3_9.

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Zabler, Erich. "Sensors for Brake Control". W Brakes, Brake Control and Driver Assistance Systems, 142–53. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-03978-3_11.

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Kant, Bernhard. "Sensotronic brake control (SBC)". W Brakes, Brake Control and Driver Assistance Systems, 154–57. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-03978-3_12.

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Tong, Wei. "Motor Brake". W Mechanical Design and Manufacturing of Electric Motors, 385–434. Wyd. 2. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003097716-7.

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Hilgers, Michael, i Wilfried Achenbach. "Brake System". W Electrical Systems and Mechatronics, 33–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60838-8_3.

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Adamski, Dirk. "Brake System". W Simulation in Chassis Technology, 245–55. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-30678-6_14.

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Kügeler, Carsten, Dominic Scopacasa, Joachim Funke, Ingo Geue i Jens Hunecke. "Brake-by-Wire Actuator for Electromechanical Disc Brake". W Proceedings, 445–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-63193-5_31.

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Vey, Christian, Hermann Winner i Jens Hoffmann. "Intelligent Drum Brake with Integrated Brake Torque Sensor". W Berichte aus dem µ-Club 2020, 123–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-63028-0_8.

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Read, N. W., C. P. Sepple i N. J. Brown. "The Ileal Brake". W Dietary Fiber, 219–25. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0519-4_16.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Brake Lining Medium". W Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 92. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_1550.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Brake"

Cataldi, Olga K., i Robert C. Lauby. "Electronically Controlled Pneumatic Brake Systems for North American Freight Railroads". W ASME/IEEE 2007 Joint Rail Conference and Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc/ice2007-40038.

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A new braking technology for the Nation’s railroads is the subject of extensive attention in the Federal Government and the railroad industry. Electronically Controlled Pneumatic (ECP) brakes are a tested and validated technology superior to conventional pneumatic brakes and can bring significant improvements to the safety and efficiency of railroad operations. Advanced braking concepts like ECP brakes were first investigated by the Association of American Railroads (AAR) in 1990. Over the past 15 years, ECP brake technology has progressed rapidly. ECP brake systems have been field tested on various railroads since 1995. The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) has been an active and consistent advocate of ECP brake system implementation. In 1997, FRA participated in an AAR initiative to develop ECP brake standards. In 1999, FRA funded a Failure Modes, Effects, and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) for the ECP brake systems specified in the AAR standards. FRA also took part in programs to develop and enhance advanced components for the application of ECP brake systems. During the early years of development, however, FRA did not initiate regulatory actions impacting ECP brake technology. The development and application of ECP brakes remained the sole responsibility of the brake manufacturers and the railroads. Progress towards implementation of ECP brake technology slowed and stalled due to difficulties in identifying an optimal implementation strategy to support the required investment. In 2005, FRA felt that it was time to reenergize ECP brake system interest. FRA took steps to assess industry readiness and the effectiveness of the ECP brake technology. FRA contracted with Booz Allen Hamilton, a major consulting firm, to assess current ECP brake technology and to identify cost, business and safety benefits, and implementation strategies. After a thorough analysis of ECP brake technology and a review of the results of numerous studies and initiatives, FRA concluded that the technology is mature and the time is right for implementation of ECP brake technology in the North American railroad industry. Therefore, FRA is currently proceeding with new rulemaking to support industry conversion to ECP brakes. FRA’s rulemaking activity is responsive to the railroad industry’s needs and should facilitate the introduction and widespread application of ECP brake technology. This paper discusses the safety and efficiency advantages of an industry conversion to ECP brakes as the primary method of train braking. The paper also describes the challenges associated with conversion to ECP brakes and FRA’s actions to support their implementation.

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Childs, Dara W., James E. Mclean, Min Zhang i Stephen P. Arthur. "Rotordynamic Performance of a Negative-Swirl Brake for a Tooth-on-Stator Labyrinth Seal". W ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-25577.

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In the late 1970’s, Benckert and Wachter (Technical University Stuttgart) tested labyrinth seals using air as the test media and measured direct and cross-coupled stiffness coefficients. They reported the following results: (1) Fluid pre-swirl in the direction of shaft rotation creates destabilizing cross-coupled stiffness coefficients, and (2) Effective swirl brakes at the inlet to the seal can markedly reduce the cross-coupled stiffness coefficients, in many cases reducing them to zero. In recent years, “negative-swirl” swirl brakes have been employed that attempt to reverse the circumferential direction of inlet flow, changing the sign of the cross-coupled stiffness coefficients and creating stabilizing stiffness forces. This study presents test results for a 16-tooth labyrinth seal with positive inlet preswirl (in the direction of shaft rotation) for the following inlet conditions: (1) No swirl brakes, (2) Straight, conventional swirl brakes, and (3) Negative-swirl swirl brakes. The negative-swirl swirl-brake designs were developed based on CFD predictions. Tests were conducted at 10.2, 15.35, and 20.2 krpm with 70 bars of inlet pressure for pressure ratios of 0.3, 0.4, 0.5. Test results include leakage and rotordynamic coefficients. In terms of leakage, the negative-swirl brake configuration leaked the least, followed by the conventional brake, followed by the no-brake design. Normalized to the negative-swirl brake configuration, the conventional-brake and no-brake configurations mass flow rate were greater, respectively, by factors of 1.04 and 1.09. The direct stiffness coefficients are negative but small, consistent with past experience. The conventional swirl brake drops the destabilizing cross-coupled stiffness coefficients k by a factor of about 0.8 as compared to the no-brake results. The negative-swirl brake produces a change in sign of k with an appreciable magnitude; hence, the stability of forwardly-precessing modes would be enhanced. In descending order, the direct damping coefficients C are: no-swirl, negative-swirl, conventional-swirl. Normalized in terms of the no-swirl case, C for the negative and conventional brake designs are, respectively, 0.7 and 0.6 smaller. The effective damping Ceff combines the effect of k and C. Ceff is large and positive for the negative-swirl configuration and near zero for the no-brake and conventional-brake designs. The present results for a negative-brake design are very encouraging for both eye-packing seals (where conventional swirl brakes have been previously employed) and division-wall and balance-piston seals where negative shunt injection has been employed.

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Flaim, Thomas A. "Vehicle Brake Balance Using Objective Brake Factors". W SAE International Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/890804.

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Blake, Jonathan, i Hakan Gurocak. "Magnetorheological Fluid Brake for a Force Feedback Glove for Virtual Environments". W ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-85073.

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The research and development of a Magnetorheological (MR) fluid brake for use in a force feedback glove is presented. The glove is a haptic interface for a virtual reality (VR) environment. The glove implements the MR fluid brakes to restrict motion of the VR user’s fingers. It is controlled by an input current and produces a corresponding output torque. The torque of the MR fluid brake is equivalent to the continuous torque exerted by a typical human index finger. Two sizes of brakes were developed to control the joints of the thumb, index, and middle fingers. The paper presents background and design details of implementing the MR fluid. The prototype designs of the MR fluid brakes are then introduced. Test procedures and results of the braking torque and response time are presented. Lastly, the implementation of the brakes into a force feedback glove is briefly discussed. Test results show that the MR fluid brake is capable of restricting the motion of a human finger.

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Jacobsson, Helena. "Wheel Suspension Related Disc Brake Judder". W ASME 1997 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc97/vib-4165.

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Abstract Brake judder can be explained as a dynamical amplification of brake torque variation (BTV) when passing through a critical speed of a vehicle. The BTV arises owing to different geometrical defects e.g. disc thickness variation (DTV), disc runout and dynamical effects. DTV is usually the most important source of these fluctuations. Measurements have been made on a passenger car with heavy DTV on one of its front brakes. The eigen frequency of the wheel suspension was found to be 14 Hz, corresponding to a first order critical speed of 95 km/h. These measurements qualitatively verify the brake model with a maximum caliper vibration amplitude close to 100 km/h followed by a slowly decreasing amplitude.

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Hultén, Johan O. "Friction Phenomena Related to Drum Brake Squeal Instabilities". W ASME 1997 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc97/vib-4161.

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Abstract Several experiments and analyses have carried out in the field of brake squeal and there are many suggestions to be found in the literature as to the cause of brake squeal. In this paper a mathematical model for friction-induced vibration and noise generation is used to study the influence of these different squeal excitation types. Squealing brakes are excited by the friction forces in the interface between the drum and the linings. This friction and its interaction with the brake structure can be modeled in many different ways. In this paper, different self-excitation types identified in the literature are tested — each one having the potential of generating instabilities. The drum brake model used for the analysis is two-dimensional, and consists of a drum and two shoes with linings. The same brake geometry and material properties are used for all computations, which means that the influence of each mechanism can be estimated. The results from this analysis show that, among the friction models analyzed, the constant coefficient of friction model gives the largest contribution to the instability level of squealing drum brakes. The contribution from the negative μ-velocity slope is shown to be minor. For the constant coefficient of friction model, there are different excitation types. Among these, lining deformation induced instabilities are shown to generate large instabilities, follower forces show a negligible contribution to the instabilities generated and self-locking is shown to be impossible for the brake analyzed.

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Brabb, David C., Kenneth L. Martin, Anand R. Vithani, Monique F. Stewart i S. K. Punwani. "Freight Car Electrically Driven Set and Release Hand Brake (EDHB)". W ASME 2011 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2011-67031.

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For years, American freight railroads have attempted to eliminate freight train crew injuries when applying and releasing freight car hand brakes. Currently, a person has to crank a handle or turn a wheel while in ergonomically awkward positions to apply a hand brake. If the operator slips or the brake’s mechanisms slip, injuries occur. Also, there are inherent safety issues with the climbing of ladders or steps to operate the brake and the need for going in-between cars to access the brakes. Additionally, today’s hand brakes are applied manually to varying degrees because there is no indicator to tell the crew that the hand brake is fully applied. Many times the hand brake is over applied and becomes damaged. Moreover, a hand brake that is not released upon train movement leads to wheel flats that damage the car, lading, and the track. Wheel set replacement is one of the most costly remediation activities on the railroad and damaged track adversely affects equipment and operations. With the objective of reducing or completely eliminating the issues mentioned above, the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) has sponsored the development of an ‘Electrically Driven Set & Release Hand Brake’ (EDHB). Under this effort, Sharma & Associates, Inc. (SA) has conducted research into related concepts/products conceptualized and evaluated different arrangements selected a promising concept and developed a prototype. Functional laboratory demonstration tests have been conducted on the prototype. Future plans include working with the industry in developing and implementing performance and testing specifications for the EDHB, and validating the design through lab and field-testing.

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Khafaji, Salwan Obaid Waheed, Noah D. Manring i Mohammed Al-Mudhafar. "Optimal Design of a Conventional and Magnetorheological Fluid Brakes Using Sensitivity Analysis and Taguchi Method". W ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-86775.

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Drum brakes have dominated the braking industry for many years due to their low cost and adequate operating performance. In this paper, the authors present the first example of studying the sensitivity analysis of a magnetorheological fluid (MRF) and a conventional frictional brake by using first order Tayler series expansion. Nondimensional analyses are carried out to generalize the analyses for every brake configuration. This paper seeks to step away from the complexity of the numerical models for these brakes. Taylor series expansion is used to examine the effects of perturbing dimensionless design parameters on the braking torque. In addition, Taguchi approach is applied for the brakes to study the contribution of the design parameters on the braking torque and to obtain the optimal design. It is shown in this paper that braking torque for magnetorheological fluid brake is dependent on seven dimensionless groups while the frictional brake is dependent upon only four dimensionless groups. Four groups of the MRF brake and two groups for the frictional brake dominate the physics of braking. The sensitivity analysis has identified the key parameters that must be adjusted in order to increase braking torque. Furthermore, Taguchi approach has showed the how the variations of input variables affect the variations of the output variable and stated the optimal levels of the design parameters that achieve the optimal design.

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Patil, Satyajit R., i Suresh M. Sawant. "Reliability Analysis of Automotive Magnetorheological Brake: A Qualitative Approach". W ASME 2014 12th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2014-20135.

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Magnetorheological (MR) brake technology, owing to its reduced response delay, has generated interest for its potential as substitute to conventional hydraulic brakes in a road vehicle. Recently, few investigations have been carried out to assess its application for a mid size car. Finite element studies and experimental investigations have been carried out by researchers. However, reliability aspect of these brakes doesn’t seem to have been explored as yet. This paper makes an attempt to present findings of the qualitative reliability studies on MR brake system for vehicular application. Results of Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA) and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) have been presented and discussed subsequently. Findings of this analysis, it is believed, shall complement the design process and make it fool proof. It also provides basis for further quantitative reliability estimation, in case of availability of failure data of MR brake system components.

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Lonsdale, Cameron, i Brent Wilson. "Use of On-Board Hand Brake Monitoring to Prevent Freight Car Wheel Damage and Improve Maintenance and Safety". W ASME 2011 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2011-67002.

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This paper discusses the benefits of using on-board hand brake sensors to determine whether a freight car hand brake is applied or released in service. Unreleased hand brakes are a significant source of wheel tread damage, which can lead to wheel removals, and in extreme cases can cause damage and derailments. Also, hand brake-related accidents are a significant cause of North American railroad accidents. Wheel tread damage and wayside wheel impact load detectors (WILD) are reviewed, along with AAR why made codes for wheel removals. Wheel failures and other wheel impact associated damage are discussed, along with operational considerations for hand brakes. Further, on-board sensors in general, and hand brake sensors in particular, are described in detail and service data from monitored cars is presented. Additionally, possible safety and operational improvements related to use of hand brake sensors are discussed, along with comments on the use of sensors to assist with proactive maintenance of freight cars.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Brake"

Bowman, Robert J., Paul F. Flanagan i Ernst S. Baumgartner. Brake-By-Wire Program. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, wrzesień 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada423564.

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Yumoto, Hiroyuki, Yukio Yamada i Toshikazu Okamura. Integrated Brake Disc Design Support System. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, maj 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0333.

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Quandt, G. Wind turbine trailing-edge aerodynamic brake design. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), styczeń 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/224291.

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Yoshida, Hidehisa, Shinichi Awano, Takayoshi Kamada i Masao Nagai. Brake Assist System Using Each Driver Characteristics. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, wrzesień 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0482.

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Root, Joshua B., i Andrew G. Littlefield. Analysis of Excalibur/M284 Muzzle Brake Interference Issues. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, wrzesień 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada590014.

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He, Jian-Wei, Zhi-Hua Zhou, Yao-Peng Liu i Siu-Lai Chan. A NEW BRAKE ELEMENT FOR IMPACT-RESISTING FLEXIBLE BARRIER. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, grudzień 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2018.p.156.

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Wilson, DF. Evaluation of Corrosion Failure in Tractor-Trailer Brake System. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), październik 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/814474.

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Blau, Peter Julian. Prospects for Titanium-Based Materials as Truck Disc Brake Rotors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), wrzesień 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1081592.

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Lascurain, Mary Beth, Oscar Franzese i Gary J. Capps. Real-Time Dynamic Brake Assessment Proof of Concept Final Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), listopad 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1028762.

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Blau, P. J., R. L. Martin, M. H. Weintraub, Ho Jang i W. Donlon. Frictional behavior of automotive brake materials under wet and dry conditions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), grudzień 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/442128.

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