Artykuły w czasopismach: „Bow River”

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Ershov, Andrey Aleksandrovich, i Vadim Vyacheslavovich Mishenko. "Theoretical grounds for determining optimal trim of river-sea vessels". Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies 2021, nr 3 (31.08.2021): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2021-3-40-51.

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The article presents the theoretical substantiation of using the optimal trim of “river- sea” vessels in order to improve the propulsion of vessels of various types and purposes navigating on seas and rivers. There has been carried out the analysis of the optimal trim for different types of ships in operation. The given calculations prove the possibility of designing new ships with improved sailing characteristics. The scheme of damping the bow shear wave coming from the stem of the “river-sea” vessel is illustrated using the shear wave coming from the bow bulb, with a differential to the bow. It is proved that trimming of a “river-sea” vessel without a bow bulb is effective for slow-moving and high-speed vessels due to the reduction of components and total drag, compared to the resistance to the movement of a vessel with a conventional trim. An integral similar to Mitchell integral for the wave drag of a vessel with a bow bulb is proposed, by means of which the conditions for damping a bow shear wave (coming from the stem) using the bow bulb of a “river-sea” vessel are determined. The elements composing resistance to the vessel propulsion are investigated in detail: total resistance of the medium to the movement of the vessel, resistance of friction, shape, protruding parts, wave, and aerodynamic resistance. There are considered the criteria of the optimal bow draft of the vessel and optimal trim of the vessel, the criteria of the efficient use of the optimal trim for the “river-sea” vessels on the sea sections. An equation is given that determines the value of the optimal length of the wave-forming part of the bow bulb or the condition for the optimal trim. The pictures illustrating a sea vessel bulb, the bow of which is capable of effectively forming a shear wave at a given differential are shown. Conclusions are made about the possibility of using the optimal trim for river-sea vessels on river and sea sections, recommendations are given that contribute to saving fuel and time, increasing the speed to two knots while reducing the total resistance by up to 20%.

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Bash, Eleanor A., i Shawn J. Marshall. "Estimation of glacial melt contributions to the Bow River, Alberta, Canada, using a radiation-temperature melt model". Annals of Glaciology 55, nr 66 (2014): 138–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2014aog66a226.

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AbstractAlberta’s Bow River has its headwaters in the glaciated eastern slopes of the Canadian Rockies and is a major source of water in southern Alberta. Glacial retreat, declining snowpacks and increased water demand are all expected in the coming century, yet there are relatively few studies focusing on quantifying glacial meltwater in the Bow River. We develop a new radiation-temperature melt model for modelling distributed glacier mass balance and runoff in the Bow River basin. The model reflects physical processes through the incorporation of near-surface air temperature and absorbed radiation, while avoiding problems of collinearity through the use of a radiation-decorrelated temperature index. The model is calibrated at Haig Glacier in the southern portion of the basin and validated at Haig and Peyto Glaciers. Application of the model to the entire Bow River basin for 2000-09 shows glacier ice melt is equivalent to 3% of annual discharge in Calgary on average. Modelled ice melt in August is equal to 8-20% of the August Bow River discharge in Calgary. This emphasizes the importance of glacier runoff to late-summer streamflow in the region, particularly in warm, dry years.

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Akhtar, Mohammad Khaled, Carmen de la Chevrotière, Shoma Tanzeeba, Tom Tang i Patrick Grover. "A serious gaming tool: Bow River Sim for communicating integrated water resources management". Journal of Hydroinformatics 22, nr 3 (20.03.2020): 491–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2020.089.

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Abstract Serious games provide a way for stakeholders to become engaged in and understand the issues and constraints on a real-world system. An application of a serious game is explored, as a way to improve engagement and learning of participants in a water management planning process. Bow River Sim is a single-player game that helps the user to understand the Water Resources Management Model (WRMM) and to visualize the implications and impacts around system interactions in the basin. The Bow River Sim simulates water management decision-making based on maximizing social, economic, and environmental benefits while managing limited water supply. The game incorporates the principles of ‘meaningful play’ and provides a user-friendly interface, a fun game, and visual elements. The paper aims to (a) provide an overview of Bow River Sim, (b) illustrate how innovations such as serious games enhance learning processes for the user, and (c) illustrate the application of Bow River Sim and key learnings.

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Wang, Chenxu, Feng Feng i Yu Liu. "Research on Bow Forms of Songhua River Icebreaker". Procedia Engineering 31 (2012): 228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.01.1016.

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Sen, Amode R., i John P. Thompson. "Lattice design in the Bow River Recreation Survey". Journal of Applied Statistics 19, nr 1 (styczeń 1992): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02664769200000002.

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Robinson, K. L., C. Valeo, M. C. Ryan, A. Chu i M. Iwanyshyn. "Modelling aquatic vegetation and dissolved oxygen after a flood event in the Bow River, Alberta, Canada". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 36, nr 3 (marzec 2009): 492–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l08-126.

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Traditionally, macrophyte density has been considered the primary factor affecting the large dissolved oxygen fluctuations in the Bow River. After a major flood event scoured macrophytes in 2005, and subsequently changed river dynamics, the City of Calgary needed to update their predictive computer model for water quality to reflect the new conditions, which led to this study. A 2006 aquatic vegetation survey was also completed to assess post-flood conditions. The survey found that the average macrophyte dry weight was much lower (28 g/m2 ± 100 (p = 0.05)) than the historic average of 241 g/m2 ± 29, while the average periphyton chlorophyll-a concentration was higher (343 mg/m2 ± 71) than the historic average (158 mg/m2 ± 17)). Dissolved oxygen (DO) fluctuations were similar to pre-flood levels despite changes in the dominant vegetation. Using the results of this survey, the significant and previously unrecognized effects of periphyton diurnal processes on DO concentrations in the Bow River were identified and the Bow River water quality model (BRWQM) was recalibrated to reflect these findings. Adjustments were made to the BRWQM’s periphyton submodel to account for the more dominant role played by these organisms in river processes, and a competitive shading factor between macrophytes and periphyton was also introduced to more accurately model the species' competition for available sunlight. This newly calibrated and validated version of BRWQM was tested and found capable of predicting the occurrence of low DO concentrations in the Bow River and can provide a useful tool for forecasting the water quality effects of the city's planned wastewater infrastructure expansion.

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Van Huizen, P. "The River Returns: An Environmental History of the Bow". Environmental History 16, nr 1 (8.12.2010): 169–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/envhis/emq130.

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Osborn, Gerald, Richard Thomas, William McCoy, Barry Miller i Alison Smith. "Significance of a molluscan fauna to the physiographic history of the Calgary area, Alberta". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 28, nr 12 (1.12.1991): 1948–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e91-176.

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A newly discovered molluscan fauna provides an approximate age for a previously undated gravel sequence capping Nose Hill, a relict plateau adjacent to the Bow River in Calgary, Alberta, and constrains the age of the physiographic relief in the area. The fauna consists of a mixed terrestrial–aquatic assemblage whose composition indicates a paleoclimatic regime similar to that of the area today. The fossiliferous sediment, interpreted as a pond deposit, is a pebbly mud within a thick braid-plain gravel sequence. Isoleucine epimerization in the molluscs is not inconsistent with an Early Pleistocene or older age for the deposit. The Nose Hill gravels and an equivalent sequence capping another outlier (Broadcast Hill) located on the other side of the Bow River define an originally extensive paleo-plains surface. Fluvial dissection of the surface, including 175 m of incision by the Bow River and resultant separation of the two outliers, occurred within the last one to two million years.

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Marshall, S. J. "Meltwater run-off from Haig Glacier, Canadian Rocky Mountains, 2002–2013". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 18, nr 12 (12.12.2014): 5181–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-5181-2014.

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Abstract. Observations of high-elevation meteorological conditions, glacier mass balance, and glacier run-off are sparse in western Canada and the Canadian Rocky Mountains, leading to uncertainty about the importance of glaciers to regional water resources. This needs to be quantified so that the impacts of ongoing glacier recession can be evaluated with respect to alpine ecology, hydroelectric operations, and water resource management. In this manuscript the seasonal evolution of glacier run-off is assessed for an alpine watershed on the continental divide in the Canadian Rocky Mountains. The study area is a headwaters catchment of the Bow River, which flows eastward to provide an important supply of water to the Canadian prairies. Meteorological, snowpack, and surface energy balance data collected at Haig Glacier from 2002 to 2013 were analysed to evaluate glacier mass balance and run-off. Annual specific discharge from snow- and ice-melt on Haig Glacier averaged 2350 mm water equivalent from 2002 to 2013, with 42% of the run-off derived from melting of glacier ice and firn, i.e. water stored in the glacier reservoir. This is an order of magnitude greater than the annual specific discharge from non-glacierized parts of the Bow River basin. From 2002 to 2013, meltwater derived from the glacier storage was equivalent to 5–6% of the flow of the Bow River in Calgary in late summer and 2–3% of annual discharge. The basin is typical of most glacier-fed mountain rivers, where the modest and declining extent of glacierized area in the catchment limits the glacier contribution to annual run-off.

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Marshall, S. J. "Meltwater runoff from Haig Glacier, Canadian Rocky Mountains, 2002–2013". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 11, nr 7 (21.07.2014): 8355–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-8355-2014.

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Abstract. Observations of high-elevation meteorological conditions, glacier mass balance, and glacier runoff are sparse in western Canada and the Canadian Rocky Mountains, leading to uncertainty about the importance of glaciers to regional water resources. This needs to be quantified so that the impacts of ongoing glacier recession can be evaluated with respect to alpine ecology, hydroelectric operations, and water resource management. I assess the seasonal evolution of glacier runoff in an alpine watershed on the continental divide in the Canadian Rocky Mountains. Analysis is based on meteorological, snowpack and surface energy balance data collected at Haig Glacier from 2002–2013. The study area is one of several glacierized headwaters catchments of the Bow River, which flows eastward to provide an important supply of water to the Canadian prairies. Annual specific discharge from snow- and ice-melt on Haig Glacier averaged 2350 mm water equivalent (w.e.) from 2002–2013, with 42% of the runoff derived from melting of glacier ice and firn, i.e. water stored in the glacier reservoir. This is an order of magnitude greater than the annual specific discharge from non-glacierized parts of the Bow River basin. From 2002–2013, meltwater derived from the glacier storage was equivalent to 5–6% of the flow of the Bow River in Calgary in late summer and 2–3% of annual discharge. The basin is typical of most glacier-fed mountains rivers, where the modest and declining extent of glacierized area in the catchment limits the glacier contribution to annual runoff.

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Wassenaar, L. I., J. J. Venkiteswaran, S. L. Schiff i G. Koehler. "Aquatic community metabolism response to municipal effluent inputs in rivers quantified using diel δ18O values of dissolved oxygen". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 67, nr 8 (sierpień 2010): 1232–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f10-057.

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The spatial footprint over which municipal wastewater effluents cause changes to aquatic community structure and metabolism is key information required for the management of discharges into rivers. Longitudinal studies were undertaken on the Bow and South Saskatchewan rivers, Canada, to assess a new isotopic and modelling approach that combined O2 and δ18O-O2 diel (24 h) response curves to quantify changes in integrated community aquatic metabolism as a result of point-source wastewater inputs. Diel samplings were conducted over four seasons along 50 km transects at Calgary (Bow River) and Saskatoon (South Saskatchewan River). Diel O2 and δ18O-O2 cycles grew in magnitude downstream of effluent inputs in all seasons compared with upstream control sites. δ18O-O2 depletions clearly revealed the stimulating effect of effluent on aquatic photosynthesis. Diel isotopic mass balance modelling showed community metabolic responses to effluent inputs were most pronounced in the spring and summer when photosynthesis and respiration rates were about two- to three-fold higher than at upstream control sites. Our findings revealed that sewage treatment plant nutrient additions resulted in an enhanced metabolic footprint that extended beyond 50 km downstream.

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Oetelaar, Gerald A. "River of Change: a Model for the Development of Terraces Along the Bow River, Alberta". Hydrological and Flood Reconstructions 56, nr 2-3 (7.10.2004): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/009102ar.

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Abstract Researchers working in the Bow River valley have identified a minimum of four alluvial terraces, the upper two of which have been designated as paired terraces. Over the past 35 years, they have attempted to correlate these alluvial landforms and to generate models for the development of the terraces along the section of the Bow River between Calgary and the Rocky Mountains. In this study, Mazama ash and an early Holocene paleosol are used to correlate the terrace suites examined by previous researchers and to generate a model which accounts for the development of the upper two sets of paired terraces. These paired terraces reflect major episodes of aggradation and degradation that result from changes in independent variables such as climate and uplift. The initial episode of aggradation, dating from the late Pleistocene, is the result of paraglacial processes in a sparsely vegetated, yet saturated environment. Following a brief episode of degradation at the end of the Younger Dryas, the second episode of aggradation, dating from 9000 to 5000 BP, is caused by increased sediment load and lowered stream power during the Hypsithermal.

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Parsapour-moghaddam, Parna, Colin D. Rennie i Jonathan Slaney. "Hydrodynamic Simulation of an Irregularly Meandering Gravel-Bed River: Comparison of MIKE 21 FM and Delft3D Flow models". E3S Web of Conferences 40 (2018): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184002004.

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This study aims at hydrodynamic modelling of Bow River, which passes through the City of Calgary, Canada. Bow River has a mobile gravel bed. Erosion and deposition processes were exacerbated by a catastrophic flood in 2013. Channel banks were eroded at various locations, and large gravel bars formed, which could lead to water level changes and accordingly more flooding. This study investigates the performance of Delft3D-Flow and MIKE 21 FM to simulate the hydrodynamics of the river during the 2013 flood. MIKE 21FM employs unstructured triangular mesh while Delft3D-Flow model uses curvilinear structured grids. Performance of each model was evaluated by the available historical water levels. The results of this study demonstrated that, with approximately the same averaged grid resolution, MIKE 21 FM resulted in more accurate results with a higher computational cost compared to the Delft3DFlow model. It was shown that Delft3D-Flow model may require higher grid cell resolution to result in comparably same depth-averaged velocities throughout the study area. However, considering the balance between the computational cost and the accuracy of the results, both models were capable to adequately replicate the hydrodynamics of the river during the 2013 flood. Results of statistical KS and ANOVA test analysis showed that the model predictions were sensitive to the horizontal eddy viscosity and the Manning roughness. This confirms the necessity of an appropriate calibration of the generated numerical models. The findings of this study shed light on the Bow River flood modelling, which can guide flood management.

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Churin, Mikhail Y. Churin, i Yuri V. Bazhankin. "Ankudinov method for evaluation of river ships dynamic squat". Russian Journal of Water Transport, nr 67 (15.06.2021): 186–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.37890/jwt.vi67.150.

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The article describes problem of usability of Ankudinov method, which is wisely used for merchant vessels and war ships, for evaluation of river and sea-river ships squat in shallow water.The calculations by the method analysis of such usability had been made comparing methods developed for river ships taking in account shallow water. Conclusions about possibility of using the method, based on the analysis, had been made. First of all these conclusions relate to modern ships with bulbous bow

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Montesanti, Stephanie, Wilfreda E. Thurston, David Turner i Reynold Medicine Traveler. "A First Nations Framework for Emergency Planning". International Journal of Indigenous Health 14, nr 1 (6.05.2019): 85–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.32799/ijih.v14i1.31952.

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In June 2013, a severe flooding of the Bow and Elbow Rivers affected southern Alberta, a province in Canada. The flood was subsequently described to be the costliest natural disaster in Canadian history. Among the hardest hit communities was the Siksika First Nation, located on the Bow River banks about 100 kilometers east of the city of Calgary.A community-university partnership was formed to document the Siksika First Nation community-based response to the health and social effects to their community from the flood. Our qualitative case study sought to: (1) document Siksika First Nation’s response to the health and social impacts resulting from flood in their community; and (2)develop a culturally appropriate framework for disaster and emergency planning in First Nations communities. The Siksika’s work to mitigate the impact of the flood followed a holistic or socio-ecological model that took the determinants of population health into consideration.

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Briggs, BG, LAS Johnson i SL Krauss. "The species of Alexgeorgea, a Western Australian genus of the restionaceae". Australian Systematic Botany 3, nr 4 (1990): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9900751.

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The three species of Alexgeorgea Carlquist are revised, including A. ganopoda L. Johnson & B. Briggs, a newly described rare species of the Mt Frankland–Bow River region of the south-west of Western Australia.

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St. Jacques, Jeannine-Marie, David Sauchyn, David J. Thomson, A. Michael S. Sheer, Daniel P. Sheer, Michael Kelly, Megan van Ham, Michael W. Nemeth i Elaine Barrow. "Developing 21st century hydroclimate scenarios for the Bow River Basin, Alberta, Canada". Quaternary International 387 (listopad 2015): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2015.01.175.

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Naz, B. S., C. D. Frans, G. K. C. Clarke, P. Burns i D. P. Lettenmaier. "Modeling the effect of glacier recession on streamflow response using a coupled glacio-hydrological model". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, nr 4 (19.04.2013): 5013–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-5013-2013.

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Abstract. We describe an integrated spatially distributed hydrologic and glacier dynamic model, and use it to investigate the effect of glacier recession on streamflow variations for the Upper Bow River basin, a tributary of the South Saskatchewan River. Several recent studies have suggested that observed decreases in summer flows in the South Saskatchewan River are partly due to the retreat of glaciers in the river's headwaters. Modeling the effect of glacier changes on streamflow response in river basins such as the South Saskatchewan is complicated due to the inability of most existing physically-based distributed hydrologic models to represent glacier dynamics. We compare predicted variations in glacier extent, snow water equivalent and streamflow discharge made with the integrated model with satellite estimates of glacier area and terminus position, observed streamflow and snow water equivalent measurements over the period of 1980–2007. Simulations with the coupled hydrology-glacier model reduce the uncertainty in streamflow predictions. Our results suggested that on average, the glacier melt contribution to the Bow River flow upstream of Lake Louise is about 30% in summer. For warm and dry years, however, the glacier melt contribution can be as large as 50% in August, whereas for cold years, it can be as small as 20% and the timing of glacier melt signature can be delayed by a month.

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Sosiak, Al. "Long-term response of periphyton and macrophytes to reduced municipal nutrient loading to the Bow River (Alberta, Canada)". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 59, nr 6 (1.06.2002): 987–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f02-071.

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The biomass of periphyton and aquatic macrophytes (Potamogeton vaginatus and Potamogeton pectinatus) in the Bow River was sampled over 16 years to assess the response of these plants to improved phosphorus (19821983) and nitrogen removal (19871990) at Calgary's two municipal wastewater treatment plants. These improvements in treatment reduced total phosphorus loading to the Bow River by 80%, total ammonia loading by 53%, and nitrite + nitrate loading by 50%. No change in periphytic biomass was detected after enhanced phosphorus removal where total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) in river water remained relatively high (1033 μg·L1). However, periphytic biomass declined at sites further downstream with TDP < 10 μg·L1. Regression analysis predicted that nuisance periphyton biomass (>150 mg·m2) occurred at TDP > 6.4 μg·L1 (95% confidence interval: 1.97.6 μg·L1). Macrophyte biomass was inversely correlated with discharge and was lower during high-discharge years. Biomass also declined following enhanced nutrient removal, with the greatest decrease following reduced nitrogen discharge. These results provide the first evidence for a response of periphyton and aquatic macrophytes to enhanced nutrient removal from municipal wastewater.

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Miller, J. J., T. Curtis, D. S. Chanasyk i W. D. Willms. "Influence of streambank fencing and river access for cattle on riparian zone soils adjacent to the Lower Little Bow River in southern Alberta, Canada". Canadian Journal of Soil Science 94, nr 2 (maj 2014): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss2013-0981.

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Miller, J. J., Curtis, T., Chanasyk, D. S. and Willms, W. D. 2014. Influence of streambank fencing and river access for cattle on riparian zone soils adjacent to the Lower Little Bow River in southern Alberta, Canada. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 209–222. Cattle grazing in riparian pastures adjacent to rivers may increase soil compaction and increase soil nutrients, such as N and P. We conducted a 4-yr study with sampling in 3 yr (2009, 2010, 2012) of riparian zone soils adjacent to fenced and unfenced reaches of the Lower Little Bow River in southern Alberta. We examined the effect of grazing, access of cattle to the river (access versus no-access), and distance (0.25, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 m) from the river on surface soil bulk density, volumetric water content, NH4-N, NO3, and soil test P. Penetration depth was also measured in 2012. The three grazing treatments consisted of one fenced reach (ungrazed treatment), one unfenced and grazed reach with high cattle impact (high-impact grazed treatment), and one unfenced and grazed reach with low cattle impact (low-impact grazed treatment). We hypothesized that soil compaction would be greater, soil nutrients would be enriched, and soil water content would be lower for grazed compared with ungrazed treatments, and that this same trend would occur for access compared with no-access locations. The soil properties in our study were generally significantly (P≤0.05) influenced by grazing, access, and distance from the riverbank. However, treatment effects were generally dependent on two- or three-way interactions with the other factors. Soil bulk density in 2009 and 2012 was 8 to 20% greater at access compared with no-access locations within 2 m of the riverbank, suggesting soil compaction by cattle was confined close to the wetter riverbank soils. Most soil properties generally supported our hypothesis of greater soil compaction and nutrient enrichment for unfenced compared with fenced reaches, as well as for access compared with no-access locations. The exceptions were soil water content and soil test P results that did not support the grazing hypothesis, and soil water content and NH4-N results that did not support the cattle-access hypothesis.

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Veiga, Victor, Quazi Hassan i Jianxun He. "Development of Flow Forecasting Models in the Bow River at Calgary, Alberta, Canada". Water 7, nr 12 (24.12.2014): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w7010099.

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Grasby, Stephen E., i Ian Hutcheon. "Chemical dynamics and weathering rates of a carbonate basin Bow River, southern Alberta". Applied Geochemistry 15, nr 1 (styczeń 2000): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0883-2927(99)00018-9.

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Dutka, Joanna. "The Painted Valley: Artists along Alberta’s Bow River, 1845 – 2000 (review)". University of Toronto Quarterly 78, nr 1 (2009): 284–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/utq.0.0383.

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Lewandowski, Krzysztof. "Bivalves of the family Unionidae in ox-bow lakes of the Bug River". Fragmenta Faunistica 49, nr 1 (2006): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3161/00159301ff2006.49.1.069.

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Wang, Yiwen, Weiguo Wu i C. Guedes Soares. "Experimental and Numerical Study of the Hydroelastic Response of a River-Sea-Going Container Ship". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, nr 12 (1.12.2020): 978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8120978.

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The hydroelastic behaviour of a river-sea-going ship hull is analysed experimentally and numerically. A segmented ship model connected by a steel backbone is tested in regular waves, and its high-frequency vibrations such as springing and whipping responses are identified. The hydroelastic response of the ship is numerically calculated using a hydroelastic time domain method based on strip theory, which is extended to include an improved model of the slamming load. The slamming forces in the bow section are determined using the Modified Longvinovich Model (MLM) instead of the Von Karman model. The vertical motions and wave-induced loads are calculated and compared with the experimental results. The response amplitude operators of the vertical loads and the high-order harmonics are analysed under different speeds, showing good agreement with the experiments. The slamming loads on the bow section of a river-to-sea ship are predicted utilizing the MLM model and compared with the Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian algorithm by LS-DYNA and with the measured results.

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Naz, B. S., C. D. Frans, G. K. C. Clarke, P. Burns i D. P. Lettenmaier. "Modeling the effect of glacier recession on streamflow response using a coupled glacio-hydrological model". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 18, nr 2 (27.02.2014): 787–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-787-2014.

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Abstract. We describe an integrated spatially distributed hydrologic and glacier dynamic model, and use it to investigate the effect of glacier recession on streamflow variations for the upper Bow River basin, a tributary of the South Saskatchewan River, Alberta, Canada. Several recent studies have suggested that observed decreases in summer flows in the South Saskatchewan River are partly due to the retreat of glaciers in the river's headwaters. Modeling the effect of glacier changes on streamflow response in river basins such as the South Saskatchewan is complicated due to the inability of most existing physically based distributed hydrologic models to represent glacier dynamics. We compare predicted variations in glacier extent, snow water equivalent (SWE), and streamflow discharge with satellite estimates of glacier area and terminus position, observed glacier mass balance, observed streamflow and snow water-equivalent measurements, respectively over the period of 1980–2007. Observations of multiple hydroclimatic variables compare well with those simulated with the coupled hydrology-glacier model. Our results suggest that, on average, the glacier melt contribution to the Bow River flow upstream of Lake Louise is approximately 22% in summer. For warm and dry years, however, the glacier melt contribution can be as large as 47% in August, whereas for cold years, it can be as small as 15% and the timing of the glacier melt signature can be delayed by a month. The development of this modeling approach sets the stage for future predictions of the influence of warming climate on streamflow in partially glacierized watersheds.

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Abramowicz-Gerigk, Teresa, Zbigniew Burciu i Jacek Jachowski. "An Innovative Steering System for a River Push Barge Operated in Environmentally Sensitive Areas". Polish Maritime Research 24, nr 4 (20.12.2017): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2017-0132.

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Abstract The paper presents an innovative steering system for a river push barge dedicated for operation in environmentally sensitive inland waterways. Development of the inland waterborne transport in Poland is dependent on the exploitation of rivers which can be adapted to navigation in the limited range because a high percent of their length is classified within special environment protection areas of Natura 2000 network. This is now the main reason that their better exploitation cannot be obtained without an introduction of a new generation of waterborne environment friendly inland units. In naturally winding rivers with differing and rapidly changing depths and widths it is important to equip a push barge with an efficient steering system that has a low environmental impact. The innovative steering system proposed in the paper is composed of main steering devices located at the pusher stern, auxiliary steering devices installed on the barge bow and a mechanical coupling system.

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Coates, D. "Observations on the biology of tarpon, Megalops cyprinoides (Broussonet) (Pisces : Megalopidae), in the Sepik River, Northern Papua New Guinea". Marine and Freshwater Research 38, nr 4 (1987): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9870529.

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M. cyprinoides was recorded in higher-order rivers, ox-bow lakes and other areas of permanent water and also on the floodplain, although this is not a preferred habitat. Juveniles enter the river in April to July and the fish return to the sea before they begin to mature. The smallest individual recorded was 103 mm, the largest 440 mm (standard length). Fat deposit index was low for the whole population and surplus energy is probably directed to growth and not stored. Condition and fat deposit index were both slightly, but significantly, lower during the dry season. Stomach contents showed that this species is a meso-predator, feeding mainly on small prawns, aquatic and terrestrial insects and small fish. No major seasonal changes in diet were evident.

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Little, Joanne L., Karen A. Saffran i Livio Fent. "Land Use and Water Quality Relationships in the Lower Little Bow River Watershed, Alberta, Canada". Water Quality Research Journal 38, nr 4 (1.11.2003): 563–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2003.037.

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Abstract Water quality in the Lower Little Bow River was monitored to determine if irrigation return flow streams had a significant impact on river water quality and to examine relationships between land use and water quality in this diverse agricultural watershed. Water samples were collected weekly or biweekly during the irrigation season and monthly in winter for three years. A comprehensive land use assessment was also completed. Significant differences in flows, and in nutrient and bacteria loads, were found along the mainstem of the river following the inflows of irrigation return water; however, differences in concentrations were only significant in a drought year when mainstem flows were reduced. Pearson correlations among land use, soil types, and water quality variables identified significant positive relationships between the proportion of cereals, irrigated land, and confined feeding operation (CFO) density and maximum concentrations of total nitrogen (TN), nitrate-nitrogen, and total phosphorus (TP) that were observed during runoff events. Most nutrient variables were inversely related to the proportion of native prairie. The variation in maximum TP and median dissolved P concentrations was largely explained by the proportion of cereals in the sub-basin, while the variation in maximum and median TN concentrations was explained by the proportions of irrigated land and native prairie, respectively. Microbiological variables were not related to any of the measured variables, suggesting that factors influencing bacteria populations operate at different scales.

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30

Teszárné Nagy, Mariann, Károly Márialigeti, Péter Végvári, Eduárd Csépes i István Bancsi. "Stratification analysis of the Óhalász Ox-bow of the River Tisza (Kisköre Reservoir, Hungary)". Hydrobiologia 506-509, nr 1-3 (2003): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:hydr.0000008640.58965.17.

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Wang, Kai, Evan G. R. Davies i Junguo Liu. "Integrated water resources management and modeling: A case study of Bow river basin, Canada". Journal of Cleaner Production 240 (grudzień 2019): 118242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118242.

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32

Asheichyk, Vitali U., i Vadzim G. Beliavets. "The remains of a prehistoric dugout from Skorbičy (Družba) Village in the Buh River region". Journal of the Belarusian State University. History, nr 3 (24.07.2020): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2020-3-72-82.

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The article discusses the remains of a prehistoric dugout discovered at the edge of a sand quarry near Skorbičy (Družba) Village, Brest District, Belarus in 2013. It was impossible to extract and conserve the boat due to heavy decomposition of wood, but its shape and design features were documented during the archaeological excavations. The boat measured 3.75 × 0.65 m was made from hollowed pine trunk. There were bulkheads near the boat’s bow and stern, and there was a low rib along the bottom on the inside. The bottom and boards were most likely tarred on the outside. There were some dozens of fieldstones inside the boat, on its bow and stern. Some of them were burnt. Five small potsherds of the Iron Age were found in the eastern part of the dugout. Three radiocarbon datings were obtained for the samples of wood from the dugout. Two datings are almost identical and date the boat back from 480 to 210 cal BC. The third one is discordant and has calibrated range from 200 BC to 80 AD. Considering the archaeological context and the results of previous investigations of the archaeological sites in Skorbičy, the earlier dating could be assumed. The dugout is most probably connected with the population of the Pomeranian culture.

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33

Whitfield, Paul H., i John W. Pomeroy. "Changes to flood peaks of a mountain river: implications for analysis of the 2013 flood in the Upper Bow River, Canada". Hydrological Processes 30, nr 25 (4.10.2016): 4657–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10957.

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34

Gibeau, Michael L., Anthony P. Clevenger, Stephen Herrero i Jack Wierzchowski. "Grizzly bear response to human development and activities in the Bow River Watershed, Alberta, Canada". Biological Conservation 103, nr 2 (luty 2002): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3207(01)00131-8.

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35

He, Lixia, Theodore M. Horbulyk, Md Kamar Ali, Danny G. Le Roy i K. K. Klein. "Proportional water sharing vs. seniority-based allocation in the Bow River basin of Southern Alberta". Agricultural Water Management 104 (luty 2012): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2011.11.008.

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36

JIANG, QINGFANG, i RONALD B. SMITH. "V-waves, bow shocks, and wakes in supercritical hydrostatic flow". Journal of Fluid Mechanics 406 (10.03.2000): 27–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112099007636.

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The structure of the bow shock, V-wave, and the related wave drag and wake in supercritical ambient flow are investigated for homogeneous hydrostatic single-layer flow with a free surface over an isolated two-dimensional (i.e. h(x, y)) obstacle. The two control parameters for this physical system are the ratio of obstacle height to fluid depth and the Froude number F = U/√gH. Based on theoretical analysis and numerical modelling, a steady-state regime diagram is constructed for supercritical flow. This study suggests that supercritical flow may have an upstream bow shock with a transition from the supercritical state to the subcritical state near the centreline, and a V-shock in the lee without a state transition. Unlike subcritical flow, neither a flank shock nor a normal lee shock is observed, due to the local supercritical environment. Both the bow shock and V-shock are dissipative and reduce the Bernoulli constant, but the vorticity generation is very weak in comparison with subcritical ambient flow. Thus, in supercritical flow, wakes are weak and eddy shedding is absent.Formulae for V-wave shape and V-wave drag are given using linear theory. Both formulae compare well with numerical model runs for small obstacles.These results can be applied to air flow over mountains, river hydraulics and coastal ocean currents with bottom topographies.

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37

Amaral, Benedito Domingues do. "Fishing territoriality and diversity between the ethnic populations Ashaninka and Kaxinawá ,Breu river, Brazil/Peru". Acta Amazonica 34, nr 1 (2004): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0044-59672004000100010.

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This study describes the diversity and the subsistence fishing territoriality of traditional populations of a village Ashaninka and two Kaxinawá living at the margins of Breu River (Brasil/Peru). In general, samplings in the dwellings were carried out late in the afternoon, as the fishermen arrived in the village. The data were analysed in an exploratory way through the index of pondered dominance (ID%), by analysis of variance and by a correspondence analysis in order to determine the associations of the fish species and the fishing spots between the villages of the Indigenous Reserve. The results of the analysis of variance demonstrated that differences exist between the fish diversities of the catches. However, post-hoc tests only detected differences in diversities between the hand fishhook and the other fishing gears (bow and arrow, castnets and rotenone tingui). Although the use of bow and arrow resulted in a low capture (Kg), this fishing strategy is associated with a high fishing diversity, in terms of number of species. These results demonstrate that there is no overlap in the frequency of the visits to the fishing spots between the Ashaninka and Kaxinawá populations. This pattern is the same found for the correspondence analysis for the fish species, which describes the relationship between the deep pools environments exploited by the fishermen Ashaninka and Kaxinawá of Mourão. These ethnic populations still continue to maintain a strong cultural and cosmological tradition, with their territories defined in an informal way of the upper Juruá area.

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Mueller, Cedar, Stephen Herrero i Michael L. Gibeau. "Distribution of subadult grizzly bears in relation to human development in the Bow River Watershed, Alberta". Ursus 15, nr 1 (kwiecień 2004): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2192/1537-6176(2004)015<0035:dosgbi>2.0.co;2.

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39

Clausen, Eric. "Analysis of Medicine Bow-Laramie River Drainage Divide Using Topographic Map Interpretation Techniques, Southeastern Wyoming, USA". Open Journal of Geology 10, nr 07 (2020): 741–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojg.2020.107033.

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40

Humphreys, A. J. B., H. C. Bredekamp i F. Kotze. "A Painting of a Fully Recurved Bow from North of the Doring River, South Western Cape". South African Archaeological Bulletin 46, nr 153 (czerwiec 1991): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3889016.

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41

Post, John R., Brett T. van Poorten, Trevor Rhodes, Paul Askey i Andrew Paul. "Fish Entrainment into Irrigation Canals: An Analytical Approach and Application to the Bow River, Alberta, Canada". North American Journal of Fisheries Management 26, nr 4 (listopad 2006): 875–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/m05-047.1.

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42

Sheer, A. Michael S., Michael W. Nemeth, Daniel P. Sheer, Megan Van Ham, Michael Kelly, David Hill i Samuel D. Lebherz. "Developing a New Operations Plan for the Bow River Basin Using Collaborative Modeling for Decision Support". JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association 49, nr 3 (13.05.2013): 654–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12068.

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43

Miller, Jim, Tony Curtis, David Chanasyk i Walter Willms. "Influence of riparian grazing on channel morphology and riparian health of the Lower Little Bow River". Canadian Water Resources Journal / Revue canadienne des ressources hydriques 43, nr 1 (2.01.2018): 18–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07011784.2017.1400925.

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44

Hillman, E. J., S. G. Bigelow, G. M. Samuelson, P. W. Herzog, T. A. Hurly i S. B. Rood. "Increasing River Flow Expands Riparian Habitat: Influences of Flow Augmentation on Channel Form, Riparian Vegetation and Birds Along the Little Bow River, Alberta". River Research and Applications 32, nr 8 (1.03.2016): 1687–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.3018.

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45

Turnbull, B., i M. C. Ryan. "Decadal and seasonal water quality trends downstream of urban and rural areas in southern Alberta rivers". Water Quality Research Journal 47, nr 3-4 (1.08.2012): 406–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrjc.2012.033.

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Seasonal and long-term water quality changes downstream of urban and agricultural land uses were compared using chloride, fecal coliform (FC), Escherichia coli and discharge from five long-term river monitoring sites in the Bow and Oldman watersheds in southern Alberta. Water quality data from up- and downstream locations of two major urban centers (Calgary and Lethbridge) and single sampling locations downstream of three agricultural sites were evaluated. Significant monotonic, decadal increases in chloride mass fluxes observed downstream of both urban areas were consistent with increasing chloride fluxes in wastewater effluent from increasing populations. Significant step function decreases in FC concentrations downstream of the two urban centers (89% at Calgary, 70% at Lethbridge) observed after UV disinfection were introduced at upstream wastewater treatment plants, suggesting wastewater disinfection improved river water quality. Significant monotonic decreases in pathogen indicators were found at only one of the three agricultural sampling locations. Seasonal variations in indicator bacteria were consistent with a constant source at the urban downstream sites, while variable seasonal loading patterns at the agricultural sites were attributed to seasonally changing land use. This suggests that the urban centers are more significantly mitigating pathogens in rivers than rural areas despite their significant growth.

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46

Kirkwood, Andrea E., Troina Shea, Leland J. Jackson i Edward McCauley. "Didymosphenia geminata in two Alberta headwater rivers: an emerging invasive species that challenges conventional views on algal bloom development". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 64, nr 12 (1.12.2007): 1703–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f07-152.

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The diatom Didymosphenia geminata (Bacillariophyceae) has garnered increased attention as a nuisance and invasive species in freshwater systems. Historically described as rare yet cosmopolitan, a suspected new variant of D. geminata has the capacity to inundate kilometres of river bottom during a bloom. Unlike most other bloom-forming algae, D. geminata proliferates under high water quality (i.e., low turbidity and low nutrient) conditions. To inform management strategies, the environmental factors and conditions that promote bloom events must be ascertained. Our study of the Bow and Red Deer rivers in southern Alberta, Canada, provides supporting evidence that the mean flow regime is associated with bloom development, based on a significant negative relationship detected between D. geminata biomass and mean discharge (r2 = 0.30). While flow regulation by dams can create the stable flow environment preferred by D. geminata, our results indicate that flow regime (rather than just proximity to dam outflows) is the likely mechanism, in addition to other environmental factors, such as water clarity, temperature, pH, conductivity, and total phosphorus. We discuss the formidable challenges to D. geminata management, particularly along unregulated river reaches, yet also recognize the unique research opportunities that this organism poses for the growing field of invasion biology.

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Cheng, Kuei Hsiang, Chih Hsien Lin i Cheng Chao. "Investigation of Apron Setting on the Main Deep Trough of River Bed by 2D Unsteady Flow Simulation". Applied Mechanics and Materials 212-213 (październik 2012): 1182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.212-213.1182.

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This study uses SMS-2D unsteady flow model to simulate apron setting and discuss its scour protection due to bow wave around the bridge pier on the main deep trough of 24-pier ChihShang Bridge and 3-pier Taitung Bridge in 100 years return flood peak flow, on the downstream BeiNan River in East-Taiwan as case study. Further, the topic of this study is to evaluate location-oriented scour likely result in accelerated erosion of critical piers by apron setting designed sizes in case of excessive cost, thus, providing reliable information and references for bridge engineers.

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Clausen, Eric. "Topographic Map Analysis of the North Platte River-South Platte River Drainage Divide Area, Western Larimer County, Colorado, USA Eric Clausen". Earth Science Research 10, nr 1 (24.02.2021): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/esr.v10n1p49.

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The United States Supreme Court settled legal disputes concerning four different Larimer County (Colorado) locations where water is moved by gravity across the high elevation North Platte-South Platte River drainage divide, which begins as a triple drainage divide with the Colorado River at Thunder Mountain (on the east-west continental divide and near Colorado River headwaters) and proceeds in roughly a north and northeast direction across deep mountain passes and other low points (divide crossings) first as the Michigan River (in the North Platte watershed)-Cache la Poudre River (in the South Platte watershed) drainage divide and then as the Laramie River (in the North Platte watershed)-Cache la Poudre River drainage divide. The mountain passes and nearby valley and drainage route orientations and other unusual erosional features can be explained if enormous and prolonged volumes of south-oriented water moved along today’s north-oriented North Platte and Laramie River alignments into what must have been a rising mountain region to reach south-oriented Colorado River headwaters. Mountain uplift in time forced a flow reversal in the Laramie River valley while flow continued in a south direction along the North Platte River alignment only to be forced to flow around the Medicine Bow Mountains south end and then to flow northward in the Laramie River valley and later to be captured by headward erosion of the east-oriented Cache la Poudre River-Joe Wright Creek valley (aided by a steeper gradient and less resistant bedrock). Continued uplift next reversed flow on the North Platte River alignment to create drainage routes seen today. While explaining Larimer County North Platte-South Platte drainage divide area topographic map drainage system and erosional landform evidence this interpretation requires a completely different Cenozoic history than the geologic history geologists usually describe.

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Scheberle, Denise. "Refusing to Bow to King Coal: Tales of Our Energy Future and Mountaintop Removal in Appalachian Coal Country". Nature and Culture 6, nr 1 (1.03.2011): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/nc.2011.060105.

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Michael Shnayerson. Coal River: How a Few Brave Americans Took on a Powerful Company—and the Federal Government—to Save the Land They Love. New York: Farrar, Strauss and Giroux, 2008.Jeff Goodell. Big Coal: The Dirty Secret Behind America’s Energy Future. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2007.Silas House and Jason Howard. Something’s Rising: Appalachians Fighting Mountaintop Removal. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2009.

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Khan, U. T., i C. Valeo. "Dissolved oxygen prediction using a possibility-theory based fuzzy neural network". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 12, nr 11 (26.11.2015): 12311–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-12311-2015.

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Abstract. A new fuzzy neural network method to predict minimum dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in a highly urbanised riverine environment (in Calgary, Canada) is proposed. The method uses abiotic (non-living, physical and chemical attributes) as inputs to the model, since the physical mechanisms governing DO in the river are largely unknown. A new two-step method to construct fuzzy numbers using observations is proposed. Then an existing fuzzy neural network is modified to account for fuzzy number inputs and also uses possibility-theory based intervals to train the network. Results demonstrate that the method is particularly well suited to predict low DO events in the Bow River. Model output and a defuzzification technique is used to estimate the risk of low DO so that water resource managers can implement strategies to prevent the occurrence of low DO.

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