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Nguyen, Thi Tuyet Hanh. "Analyse de cycle de vie de la production bovine : exploration de pratiques et de changements de système pour réduire les impacts environnementaux". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF22328.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis addresses the environmental impacts of cattle production systems. The first objective of this thesis was to analyse and compare the environmental impacts of suckler-beef and dairy production systems using attributional life cycle assessment (ALCA). Subsequently, the effects of mitigation practices for suckler-beef production systems were assessed. The second objective addressed methodology development by exploring possible consequences due to an increase in preference for grass-based milk using consequential LCA (CLCA).For a suckler-beef production system, enteric methane fermentation was the main contributor to the climate change impact, and grassland production contributed most to other impacts (cumulative energy demand, eutrophication, acidification and land occupation). The suckler cow-calf herd substantially contributed to the impacts of the suckler-beef system. The most effective mitigation practice for the suckler-beef production system was decreasing calving age from 3 to 2 years. The use of lipids rich in omega-3 fatty acids in ruminant diets did not substantially affect the impacts of the suckler-beef production system. Simultaneous application of several compatible practices can substantially mitigate the impacts of the suckler-beef production system. The application of certain practices (e.g. reducing ungrazed grass losses, fattening heifers not used for replacement and reducing calving age) reduced land occupation. Alternative uses for the “released land”, e.g. the introduction of forest to sequester C into biomass, seems promising. For dairy production systems, the assessment focused on a grass-based vs. maize-silage-based system, dual-purpose breed (Normande) vs. specialised breed (Holstein) and the effect of increasing milk yield per cow, using the ALCA approach. Independent of co-product handling methods, the impacts per kg of milk were lower with the maize-silage-based system and with Holstein cows (except for eutrophication). Increasing milk yield per cow by increasing feed energy intake and applying more intensive management (first calving at 2 years) decreased the impacts of milk and its beef co-product. The consequences of converting a maize-silage-based to a grass-based dairy farm in France to meet the increased domestic preference for grass-based milk were assessed using the CLCA approach. This farm conversion caused land-use change outside the dairy farm and thus substantially increased the impacts of the whole production system and the milk it produced
Guintard, Claude. "Etude ostéométrique des métapodes de bovins : la race charolaise". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MNHN0006.
Pełny tekst źródłaBerbigier, Paul. "Tolérance à la chaleur des taurillons en Guadeloupe : conséquences sur la croissance et la production de viande". Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20057.
Pełny tekst źródłaDerry, Margaret Elsinor. "The development of a modern agricultural enterprise, beef cattle farming in Ontario, 1870-1924". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ27909.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaLamare, Marie-Christine. "Etude du potentiel protéolytique du protéasome dans la transformation du muscle en viande et influence de facteurs biologiques et technologiques". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF21346.
Pełny tekst źródłaChampredonde, Marcelo. "Stratégies des éleveurs et construction de la qualité dans la filière des viandes bovines : le cas du Sud-Ouest pampéen en Argentine". Toulouse 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU20079.
Pełny tekst źródłaWe support the hypothesis according to the dependence of bovine meat quality on how farmers integrate the management of risks and commercial uncertainty into their production strategies. To analyse the determining factors in farmers' strategy we employ the knowledge acquired by the theory of organisations as applied in Crozier and Friedberg's works. In this way, we analyse how the strategies of actors help to determine the channel structure and to define the "game rules". In a reciprocal way, the channel structure and rules determine the range of possible strategies offered to farmers. To asses the mode of insertion of farmers into the channels we appeal to the economy of conventions because it is an approach richer than "standard" economy to take into account the diversity of production situations and to deal with all the aspects linked to the quality of products. Considering the characteristics of every region and the diversity of production strategies in each of them, and according to the previous diagnosis, we propose different ways of evolution. The evolution of the quality of bovine products has been considered as the results of organisational and collective process of learning. Methodology of the work : The channels of commercialisation were analysed from results of partially direct enquiries lead with actors of livestock selling, slaughtering and distribution, as well as to diverse informants. The information proper to agropastoral farms has been obtained from enquiries including open questions about productive and business strategies
Dausseing, Isabelle. "Stratégies de différenciation et relations verticales dans une filière de produits : le cas de la filière des viandes de boucherie". Toulouse 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU10033.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis studies the contemporay evolution of buyer seller relationships in the trade-butchery meat chain in france. Product differentiation constitutes a way to approach the problem. The concept convention seems to be available to link differentiation strategies and vertical relations with quality convention and coordination convention concepts. These theoritic references - the literature of economic conventions - and the concrete investigations show that, as far as 1980's years are concerned, vertical relations can be characterized by a trade convention. Goods are not differentiated and competition is on prices. But a domestic convention is useful to explain the behaviour of some economic agents. Many small firms, attached to local areas, work using traditional methods. Trust and reputation are the necessary elements in establisching buyer seller relationships. Since 1980, with the saturation of foods markets, competition is reinforced. Firms want to divide the market into segments by differentiating products. This choice involves a follow-up of the product - meat - in the chain because it implies to reduce qualitative uncertainty. Thus cooperative behaviours appear in the chain. These new positions are studied with the notion of compromise. Compromises arise from the mixing of several conventional models. Despite of constituting clashes sources, these compromises seem to spread with the increase in differentiation strategies
Bazile, Jeanne. "Intégration de données publiques et analyses protéomiques pour révéler les mécanismes et biomarqueurs du dépôt de lipides dans la carcasse ou le muscle bovin". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC074.
Pełny tekst źródłaProducing meat animals with adequate muscular and adipose masses (i.e. lean-to-fat ratio) is an economic challenge for the beef industry. The lean-to-fat ratio influence weight and yield of carcasses as well as the sensorial and nutritional quality of the meat. Omics methods have been widely used to understand mechanisms underlying the variability of the adipose and muscle tissue growth in the bovine. However, it is not always easy to extract or generate a synthetic biological information from this volume of data. The objective of my thesis was to aggregate and analyse public data to propose genes or proteins related to the lean-to-fat, and to identify data to be completed by experiment. To achive this goal, experimental and in silico methods were combined.Majority of available data in public databases were muscle transcriptomic data, and very rarely proteomic data. Data from 5 publications comparing muscle proteome of bovine breeds divergent in their intramuscular lipid content were aggregated and allowed the identification of 50 differently abundant proteins. Of these, 9 were concordant in at least 2 publications. As those data were obtained only in late-maturing breeds, we analysed proteome of “Rouges des Prés” cows which deposit fat in a later stage of development. Longissimus thoracis muscle of bovine “Rouges des prés”, that diverges in their muscular and corporal adiposity were analysed by shotgun and 2DE techniques. Of the 47 proteins significatively associated to adipose depots in muscle or carcass, 21 were common to published data and 26 had never been identified before. Particularly, APOBEC2 abundance was strongly correlated with both carcass and muscle adiposity.Among the microarray data available in the public databases, 84 and 12 datasets relative to muscular and adipose growth were selected, respectively. Because of missing metadata, only 33 (32 “MT” and 1 “AT”) were used and their identifiers updated on the current bovine genome (UCD1.2; collaboration with Sigenae). Data of 32 “muscle” datasets were categorized according to the age, breed, sex or nutrition. Data were regrouped by categories and analysed by p-value combination according to the inverse normal method (collaboration with Gabi UMR). For the age category, a major factor influencing intramuscular lipid content, we identified 238 genes differentially expressed between two ages in longissimus dorsi of bovine of 5 different breeds. Among these 238 genes, 97 were identified in at least 2 datasets analysed individually and in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis confirmed the dynamic regulation of glycolytic and oxidative metabolisms depending on bovine age. 17 genes were exclusively identified in the meta-analysis as differentially expressed between two ages. Among the identified genes, some are linked to lipid metabolism (APOE, LDLR, MXRA8) and other may induce (YBX1) or repress (MAPK14, YWAH, ERBB2) the differentiation of muscle progenitor cells towards the adipose lineage.Integration of public data, in particular by the meta-analysis, provided a global view of biological mechanisms and biomarkers (genes or proteins) of the lean-to-fat ratio that were the most frequently identified in several breeds. The relationships between the abundances of the identified molecules and adiposity criteria remain to be quantified in a perspective of biomarker validation (prior to animal slaughter/ without the need to slaughter the animal).Integration of public data, in particular by the meta-analysis, allowing to aquire a global view of biological mechanisms and biomarkers (genes or proteins) of the AT to MT ratio. This approach will allow to check and evaluate carcass and muscle AT percentage from gene or protein abundance prior to animal slaughter/ without the need to slaughter the animal
Oury, Marie-Pierre. "Eléments de différenciation de la qualité sensorielle des viandes liés aux pratiques d'élevage chez la génisse de race charolaise". Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOS008.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of this study was to highlight and to evaluate the relation between breeding practices and meat sensorial quality. 99 heifers were used. Rectus abdominis and longissimus thoracis physicochemical properties were analysed and meat quality of the rectus abdominis muscle was evaluated by sensorial analysis. 4 classes of breeding practices were differentiated by multidimensional analysis. A high feeding level during the animals' entire life permit slaughter at a young age and result in high carcass weight. Such a breeding method is linked to more tender meat, independent of the finishing stage and the forage given to the animals. Only 12% to 23 % of the variability of the sensorial characteristic can be explained by physicochemical properties, which is the likely reason there are only small differences in the muscles of the four classes. Heifer performances at slaughter seems to be more important in the determination of meat quality than breeding practices themselves : there exists a higher risk of less tender meat when age increases or when daily weight decreases, independent of breeding practices
Diaz, Eduardo. "Effet des inoculants bactériens et de l'ammoniaque sur la stabilité aérobie du maïs-épi humide et les performances de bouvillons en finition". Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24089/24089.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaFerrazzini, M. Sandrine. "Organisation dans le temps et l'espace, de bovins de race camarguaise : plasticite du comportement dans un environnement heterogene". Rennes 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987REN10148.
Pełny tekst źródłaFerrazzini, M. Sandrine. "Organisation, dans le temps et l'espace, de bovins de race camarguaise plasticité du comportement dans un environnement hétérogène /". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376050864.
Pełny tekst źródłaLoukiadis, Estelle. "Facteurs de virulence et dissémination dans l'environnement via les effluents d'abattoirs d'animaux de boucherie d'Escherichia coli entérohémorragiques (EHEC)". Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/83/.
Pełny tekst źródłaEnterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are major human pathogens. Shiga-toxins and intimin are key virulence factors but others, such as Cif, could be involved. Livestock is the main reservoir of EHEC but contamination of sewage from slaughterhouses has to be checked. Sewage samples from slaughterhouses were tested for the presence and characteristics of putative EHEC. Potentially pathogenic strains were detected in the samples collected. The diversity observed among virulence factors suggests that the environment could play an important role in the emergence of EHEC strains. The study of distribution, functional expression and genetic organization of Cif has shown that cif has been spread within the natural population of E. Coli but was often not functional. Precise characterization of the strains should be included in the assessment of EHEC pathogenicity. Applying hygiene rules could reduce the risk of environmental transmission of EHEC from livestock to humans
Croué, Iola. "Évaluation génétique et génomique de nouveaux caractères en bovins laitiers". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLA033/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe implementation of genomic selection makes possible the inclusion of new traits in breeding goals, by taking advantage of the opportunities coming from the increased genetic trend on traits currently under selection. Breeders, breeding companies and society all have changing expectations regarding genetic selection. Two groups of new traits were analyzed in the context of genetic improvement of dairy cattle: carcass traits of young bulls in dual-purpose breeds and claw health traits in Holstein, in order to prepare the implementation of genetic and genomic selection on these traits. For both sets of traits, suitable genetic evaluation models were developed and genetic parameters were estimated. Genetic parameters reveal that genetic selection of carcass traits of young bulls appears to be fairly easy and that selection of claw health traits is going to be more difficult, but possible, given the existing genetic variation. They also highlight that there is no strong negative genetic correlation between carcass traits of young bulls and dairy production traits. Finally, they reveal that there are two genetically distinct groups of claw health traits. Several strategies to account for non-exhaustive recording of cows for trimming were tested. Several evaluation approaches were compared. For both sets of traits, Single-Step Genomic BLUP was the most promising approach, although other (two-step) genomic approaches allowed for relatively similar accuracies and control of bias. These studies led to the implementation of routine genetic and genomic evaluations for both sets of traits, for which a usual two-step genomic approach was preferred over Single-Step Genomic BLUP for consistency with the current evaluation of other traits. However these two examples illustrate the benefit of implementing routine Single-Step Genomic BLUP evaluations. The main questions and principal steps identified in these studies were gathered into tentative guidelines for the development of genetic evaluations for new traits
Paradis, Cloé. "Modification de la teneur en acides linoléiques conjugués du tissu adipeux du veau de boucherie au pâturage par l'apport de soya extrudé aux vaches allaitantes". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18956.
Pełny tekst źródłaMercier, Josée. "Effet d'une supplémentation en acide folique et vitamine B12 et de deux niveaux de glucides chez des vaches de boucherie sur les performances de leurs veaux". Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29957/29957.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThirty-two spring calving cows (760 ± 91 kg BW) and calves (44 ± 4.53 kg BW) were blocked according to parity and calving date (8 blocks of 4 cows) according to a randomised complete block design. Within each block, 2 cows were fed a low total non-structural carbohydrate (LTNC) diet, while 2 were fed a high TNC (HTNC) diet. Within each diet, cows were administered either no vitamins (v-) or weekly intramuscular injections of 160 mg of folic acid plus 10 mg of vitamin B12 (v+). From parturition to 100 d post-calving cows received grass silage ad libitum with (HTNC) or without 1 kg of dried molasses (LTNC). From day 100 to 200, cow-calf pairs were allotted new pasture daily at 0630h (LTNC) or 1830h (HTNC). During days 200 to 300, cow-calf pairs were fed ad libitum silage cut at 0600h (LTNC) or 1800h (HTNC). Calves were slaughtered at 305±12 d. Treatments had no effect on milk yield (P=0.17) but increased milk vitamin B12 excretion (P<0.01) at 195 days post-calving. Treatments had no effect on calf performance except for meat collagen (P>0.05). These results indicate that folic acid and vitamin B12 supplements have little impact on healthy beef cattle and that plant TNC levels did not differ sufficiently to elicit an animal response.
Nguyen, Thi Tuyet Hanh. "Analyse de cycle de vie de la production bovine : exploration de pratiques et de changements de système pour réduire les impacts environnementaux". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00844398.
Pełny tekst źródłaBarbier, Elodie. "Prévalence de Mycobacterium bovis dans les agroécosystèmes : analyse de réservoirs environnementaux potentiels (sol, eau douce, faune du sol et faune aquatique) et traçage de la circulation de cette bactérie entre les différents compartiments". Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOS026/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaBovine tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis. This disease affects cattle, and many species of domestic and wild mammals, and humans. The circulation of the bacteria in various multi-host systems promotes the maintenance of the disease and the contamination of cattle in the vicinity. Beside direct transmission of the bacteria through the respiratory route, indirect transmission, through inhalation or ingestion of environmental matrices contaminated by an infected animal excretory, is suspected in several countries. Environmental contamination with M. bovis appears to be a crucial factor in the persistence of the infection in multi-host systems.In Côte d'Or, a French department affected by bovine tuberculosis since 2004, the indirect transmission of the bacteria from infected wildlife to cattle is suspected in several cases. To assess this type of transmission of the bacillus, we evaluated the environmental contamination with M. bovis on a large number of samples taken in areas shared by cattle and / or wildlife infected. For this purpose, we developed or modified molecular detection systems adapted for environmental complex matrices. We also assessed the impact of physicochemical properties of both soil and temperature on survival of M. bovis and the role of earthworms in the spread of the bacteria from contaminated organic material. The environmental study showed the contamination of two media in particular: wetlands pastures and soil badger setts. Moreover, experimental studies have shown that M. bovis can survive in soil for several months at 4 ° C and the worms could spread the bacteria in the soil, or even play a potential role for vector animals that consume them. These results will propose improvements to existing biosecurity measures on cattle farms and provide new knowledge about the persistence and circulation of M. bovis in the environment in Côte d'Or
Liu, Jingjing. "What is the best future for beef? Better eating quality? Cultured “meat”?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UCFAC105.
Pełny tekst źródłaUm, Maryse Michèle. "Escherichia coli entérohémorragiques et/ou résistantes aux antibiotiques : contamination des effluents d'origine bovine". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30161/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaCattle are known to be reservoir of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), pathogenic for humans and antibiotic resistant E. coli as well. In a first stage, we assessed frequencies of these strains in two bovine slaughterhouse wastewater treatment plants, one slaughtered only adult cattle and the other only veal calves. Percentages of resistant and class 1 integron-bearing E. coli were significantly higher in veal calves effluents and thickened sludges (87.5%, 56.2%) compared to those of adult cattle (5.0%, 0%). These percentages were not impacted by treatment process. The treatment had no impact on percentages of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) either. A STEC O157:H7 highly pathogenic for humans was isolated from the thickened sludge of the adult cattle slaughterhouse, intended to be spread on agricultural lands. These results confirmed that bovine slaughterhouse effluents might contribute to the environmental dissemination of antibiotic resistant and/or pathogenic E. coli and underlined that the risks of dissemination differ according to slaughtered bovine category. In a second stage, we assessed the antibiotic resistance of top 5 STEC (O26:H11, O103:H2, O111:H8, O145:H28 and O157:H7) isolated from adult cattle fecal samples. Seven of the 39 top 5 STEC were resistant, of which 6 resistant to at least 3 classes of tested antibiotics. Non-top 5 STEC and aEPEC E. coli strains from fecal flora of the same bovine carriers were all susceptible to the tested antibiotics, indicating a possible link between EHEC-associated virulence genes and antibiotic resistance genes. We showed that ehxA gene, which is a reliable marker of the EHEC virulence plasmid, and antibiotic-resistance genes blaTEM, strA-strB, tet(A), sulII were located on a same large plasmid in 4 antibiotic-resistant top 5 STEC strains (1 O26:H11, 1 O103:H2 and 2 O111:H8). This genetic association raises the concern about the clonal selection of such pathogenic strains by antibiotic use in bovine carriers
Parent, Élizabeth. "Détermination quantitative d'antibiotiques (chlortétracycline, oxytétracycline, tylosine) dans quelques types de fumiers de ferme enrichis artificiellement". Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26454/26454.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaBoudon, Sabrina. "Recherche de biomarqueurs plasmatiques pour prédire la qualité de la viande bovine". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAC004.
Pełny tekst źródłaA challenge for the ruminant sector is to predict and manage the phenotypic traits related to meat production and quality especially tenderness, a priority of the beef industry. Meat quality is a complex phenotype that can be evaluated only after slaughtering and meat ageing. Previous research efforts have investigated the potential of muscle-derived markers to assess meat quality from biopsy or on carcass samples. However, recent studies have reported relationship sometimes inverse between protein abundance and tenderness depending on the muscle type or animal considered. Thus, the identification of “generic” and low-invasive biomarkers is an issue for the beef sector. In this context, the objective of my PhD thesis was to discover plasma candidate biomarkers to predict and manage beef tenderness. To meet this objective, my research included two complementary approaches: (i) a molecular data aggregation from publicly available data combined with bioinformatics (in silico approach) to reconstruct the secretome associated withtenderness; (ii) a proteomic analysis (Shotgun LC-MS/MS) to identify plasma and muscle candidates (Longissimus et Rectus abdominis muscles) from contrasted tenderness groups of PGI Fleur d’Aubrac heifers. Extreme groups of tenderness were established based on three evaluation methods: Warner Bratzler Shear Force, sensory analysis, and according to a synthetic index which combines the previous two evaluation systems. Thanks to the combination of the two approaches, I can propose for the first time an atlas of 107 plasma candidate proteins to assess the tenderness in cattle, of which 32 are included in tenderness QTL. I could also complete the list of muscle candidates reported in the scientific literature. While published data report mainly data on male bovines (steers, bull calves), my PhD work allows to propose for the first time a list of plasma and novel muscle candidates for heifer tenderness. My results also contribute to improve knowledge on tenderness determinism, notably through the involvement of extracellular vesicles (micro-vesicular (EVs), macro-vesicular (exosomes)), and the primary cilia. This knowledge will help to design phenotypic tools for “tenderness potential” prediction, in living animal and to add value to high-quality beef sector
Kammoun, Malek. "Invalidation du gène codant pour la Heat shock protein 27 chez la souris : un modèle pour comprendre le rôle de ce bio-marqueur de la tendreté de la viande bovine". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF22382/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThanks to genomics, we have previously identified markers of beef tenderness, and computed a bioinformatic analysis that enabled us to build an interactome in which we found Hsp27 at a crucial node. Understanding the role of Hsp27 in the development of muscle and in the determinism of beef tenderness is one of the research challenges in meat production. In this context, my pHDthesis (2010-2013) aimed to analyze the role of Hsp27 in muscle development and its involvement in the determination of the characteristics related to the quality of the meat tissue. In this study, we generated mice devoid of Hsp27 protein by homologous recombination of the HspB1 gene as an animal model. The HspB1-/ - mice were viable and fertile, showing no apparent abnormality but a smaller than their control format. The muscle structure of animals was examined by optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The first approach, made by a developed immunohistochemical classification (Publication 1), did not reveal any differences in the characteristics of muscle fibers (contractile and metabolic type, shape, perimeter, cross-sectional area) but a trend for a higher proportion of small fibers. Different myosin heavy chains electrophoretic profiles were also observed in HspB1-/- mice. At the ultrastructural level, examination of the myofibrillar material showed destructured myofibrils and higher gaps between myofibrils in HspB1-/-, and a greater disintegration of myofibrils at 72h postmortem (Publication 2). We have used a network-based approach for understanding the contribution of Hsp27 to tenderness through the prediction of its interactors related to tenderness. We have revealed the direct interactors of Hsp27. The predicted partners of Hsp27 included proteins involved in different functions e.g. members of Hsp families, regulators of apoptosis, translation factors, cytoskeletal proteins and antioxidants. The abundances of 15 proteins were quantified by Western blotting in two muscles of HspB1-null mice and their controls. We observed changes in the amount of most of the Hsp27 predicted targets in mice devoid of Hsp27 mainly in the most oxidative muscle (Soleus. Our study demonstrates the functional links between Hsp27 and its predicted targets. It suggests that Hsp status, apoptotic processes and protection against oxidative stress are crucial for post-mortem muscle metabolism, subsequent proteolysis, and therefore for beef tenderness (Publication 3). To complete this study, we performed a proteomic analysis of m. Tibialis anterior (glycolytic muscle), using 2D gel electrophoresis, to detect changes in protein abundance subsequent to the invalidation of HspB1 gene. This study confirms the muscle specific effect of HspB1 invalidation and reveals a new list of Heat shock proteins different from those highlighted in oxidative muscle and relationships with calcium (Publication 4). All together, these results provided from a model species showed the very important role of Hsp27 for muscle ultrastructure and revealed its implication in different muscle biological pathways. This provided new elements for understanding the crucial role for Hsp27 in the modulation of the tenderizing process of muscle during meat ageing that will be further examined in beef
Guillemin, Nicolas. "Marqueurs protéiques de la tendreté de la viande bovine : étude prédictive et fonctionnelle". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00646978.
Pełny tekst źródłaMourot, Benoît-Pierre. "Comment déterminer par une approche innovante et rapide des indicateurs prédictifs de la valeur nutritionnelle de la viande bovine ?" Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22556.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn a context where the consumption of beef is declining in part because of its lipid composition, an opportunity to revive the beef industry is to communicate with consumers on nutritional quality of beef, especially its fatty acids (FA) composition. To ensure this communication is “efficient” at all levels of the industry, we must have reliable analytical resources but also easy to implement and also inexpensive. The analytical method proposed for determining the beef FA composition is the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) which is inexpensive, minimally invasive and could thus be widely used in routine in slaughterhouse. We showed that NIRS was effective to determine the concentrations of saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated (MUFA) FA (R2> 0.9). Under the best conditions for the prediction of PUFA (samples containing high levels of PUFA and / or with a high variability), PUFA predictions were still not enough (R2 <0.75). So, to overcome this weakness of NIRS, indirect prediction equations of PUFA were performed from the SFA and MUFA contents correctly determined by NIRS and information available in slaughterhouses. These equations, developed by multiple linear regression, were used to correctly predict total and n-6 PUFA (R2> 0.8). These equations are still to be improved for the determination of the total n-3 PUFA (R2 = 0.64) and of the 18:3 n-3, the 20:5 n-3 and the 22:6 n-3 (R2 <0.55). Given that the ultimate aim of this research is to use the equations as a complementary tool in tandem with NIRS measurements to serve industry as a way to rapidly determine the FA content of beef, further studies will be needed to trial and test our novel coupled NIRS–prediction equations approach
Moinard, Victor. "Conséquences de l’introduction de la méthanisation dans une exploitation de polyculture-élevage sur les cycles du carbone et de l’azote. Combinaison de l’expérimentation et de la modélisation à l’échelle de la ferme". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASB049.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe anaerobic digestion (AD) of animal effluents is strongly developing in France. It produces renewable energy (biogas). Like undigested effluents, the use of anaerobic digestates in the field enables the recycling of nutrients and organic matter in the soil, which decreases the need for synthetic fertilizers and maintains soil organic carbon stocks. However, the treatment and field application of those organic products can also cause greenhouse gas emissions and contaminants. The on-farm AD nfluences those impacts. In order to control them, we need to understand how the co-digestion of animal effluents with imported organic wastes influences C and N cycles at the farm scale. We studied this question with the support of a case study at INRAE in Nouzilly (Centre – Val de Loire, France): a crop and livestock farm where an anaerobic digester treats the cattle effluents together with imported wastes. During the MetaMetha field experiment, we compared N fluxes during a crop rotation that was fertilized with synthetic N fertilizers, undigested cattle slurry and farmyard manure, or digestates issued from their digestion. We found that digestates can substitute synthetic fertilizers, despite the risk of ammonia (NH3) emissions. Earthworms can be negatively impacted just after the application of digestate of slurry, but the input of organic matter induced similar positive impacts after two years. We then evaluated the STICS and SYS-Metha models to simulate the field experiment, and digestate treatment and storage, respectively. Both models were coupled to simulate C and N fluxes at the farm scale. The models showed that when large amounts of digested wastes are imported, AD promotes substitution of synthetic N fertilizers and storage of soil organic C, but also NH3 emissions. The study enabled us to better evaluate the consequences of the on-farm AD and therefore to optimize the sector
Jinane, Noureddine. "Effet de la source du sélénium sur le statut du sélénium, de la GSH-Px et sur le système immunitaire des bovins de boucherie". Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5160.
Pełny tekst źródłaAbstract The aims of this study were to determine the effects of selenium (Se) supplementation sources (organic and inorganic) on Se and GSH-Px concentrations of beef cows (n=33) and their calves and on immune parameters of the calves. Two groups of cows were given daily 3 mg of either organic or inorganic Se in mineral supplement starting from 12 weeks before calving until weaning. The third group had no Se added into the diet and their calves were divided into two subgroups either injected or not with 0.087 mg/kg of sodium selenite after birth. Serum Se and whole blood GSH-Px were respectively measured by HPLC-UV and by kinetic-enzymatic technique. Calves immune parameters were evaluated using commercial kits for phagocytosis, respiratory burst and CD4:CD8 ratio and radial immunodiffusion for total IgG concentrations. In cows and calves, Se supplementation increased significantly serum and colostrum Se concentrations (P<.02) with significant higher effect for organic source. However, milk Se concentrations increased significantly only with the organic source (P≤.0007). Se supplementation increased GSH-Px concentrations in cows (P≤.04) and their calves (P≤.0004); organic source induced a higher effect than inorganic one in calves (P≤.0004). Se injection in calves allowed a temporary increase (P<.0001) of serum Se concentrations. No significant differences were noticed throughout the experiment for all of the immune parameters measured (P>.01, not significant after Bonferroni adjustment). Our results showed that Se supplementation improved colostrum, milk and serum Se and GSH-Px concentrations in cows and their calves without effect on the measured immune parameters in calves. Key words: selenium, beef calves, phagocytosis, respiratory burst, antibodies, CD4:CD8 ratio, GSH-Px.
Doré, Elizabeth. "Transmission de Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis dans les troupeaux de bovins laitiers et dépistage de l’infection par la culture de l’environnement au Québec". Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12615.
Pełny tekst źródłaMycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) causes Johne’s disease, a chronic and incurable enteric disease of ruminants that has a worldwide distribution. Many countries have implemented control programs to prevent transmission between and within herds. For these to be efficient, knowledge of the risk factors involved in transmission is essential. Efficient and cost effective diagnostic tests are also necessary to detect presence of MAP. The objective of the first study was to systematically review the scientific literature concerning risk factors associated with MAP transmission to dairy calves. Presence of a significant association between risk factors concerning neonatal environment, colostrum, milk, housing of calves and contact of calves with adult cow feces and MAP transmission were recorded from 23 articles. The contact of calves with adult cow feces appeared to be the most important risk factor in MAP transmission. The 5 categories of risk factors are linked one to each other. The objective of the second study was to evaluate the relation between the number of positive samples for MAP in the environment and the prevalence of individual fecal shedding in Québec tie-stall dairy herds. The number of positive cultures of environmental samples was associated with the prevalence of individual fecal shedding of MAP. A significant association was found between presence of a heavy bacterial load in an individual fecal sample and environmental detection of MAP.