Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Botanical chemistry”
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Lu, Zhengfei, Christopher M. Thompson, Tiffany Chua, Silva Babajanian, Yanjun Zhang, Quanyin Gao, Peter Chang i Gary Swanson. "Single-Laboratory Validation of a Two-Tiered DNA Barcoding Method for Raw Botanical Identification". Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 102, nr 5 (1.09.2019): 1435–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/102.5.1435.
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Abstract Background: The applications of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) barcoding methods have been extended from authenticating taxonomic provenance of animal products to identifying botanicals used as herbal medicine and in botanical dietary supplements. DNA barcoding methods for botanical identification must be adequately validated to meet regulatory compliance. Objective: The goal of this study is to provide a validation protocol for a two-tiered DNA barcoding method that aims to identify raw botanicals. Methods: A barcode database was computationally validated to define the barcode combinations that can unambiguously identify botanicals in the database. A maximum variation sampling technique was used to capture a wide range of perspectives relating to DNA barcode-based botanical identification, including plant parts and species distance, for the experimental validation. Twenty-two authenticated botanicals were purposively sampled from different plant parts—covering both closely related and distantly related species—to validate the two-tiered DNA barcoding method. The performance of the method was assessed on accuracy, precision, ruggedness, and uncertainty. Results: High accuracy (100%) and precision (1.0) were obtained from the validation samples. The method was also found to be rugged and have acceptable uncertainty. Conclusions: The method was validated and suitable for DNA-based identification of botanical raw materials listed in the current database. Highlights: This work will provide support guidance for manufacturers and regulatory policy makers to implement equivalent validated and compliant DNA-based testing in quality control processes to improve botanical raw material identification and authentication.
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Ferreira, Marta Salvador, Maria Catarina Magalhães, Rita Oliveira, José Manuel Sousa-Lobo i Isabel Filipa Almeida. "Trends in the Use of Botanicals in Anti-Aging Cosmetics". Molecules 26, nr 12 (11.06.2021): 3584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26123584.
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Botanical ingredients have been used for thousands of years in skincare for their convenience as well as the diversity and abundance in compounds with biological activity. Among these, polyphenols and especially flavonoids have gained increasing prominence due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, the most used botanical preparations in anti-aging products marketed in 2011 were determined. The analysis was repeated in 2018 for new and reformulated products. The scientific evidence for their application as active ingredients in anti-aging cosmetics and their flavonoid content was also compiled by searching in online scientific databases. Overall, in 2018, there was a noticeable increase in the use of botanical preparations in anti-aging cosmetics. However, the top three botanical species in both years were Vitis vinifera, Butyrospermum parkii, and Glycine soja, which is consistent with the greater amount of scientific evidence supporting their efficacy. Regarding the function of botanical preparations, there is a clear preference for DNA-protecting ingredients. The most prevalent flavonoids were flavan-3-ols, proanthocyanidins, and anthocyanins. This study provided an updated overview of the market trends regarding the use of botanicals in anti-aging products and documented the state of the art of scientific evidence for the most used plants.
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Sherma, Joseph. "High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Botanical Medicines and Dietary Supplements: A Review". Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 86, nr 5 (1.09.2003): 873–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/86.5.873.
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Abstract This article reviews research on the qualitative and quantitative analysis by high-performance column liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and LC/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) of botanical drugs, drug substances or preparations, and finished botanical products. In addition, LC/MS and LC/MS/MS techniques and commercial instruments are described and compared briefly, and prospects for future use of these methods for the analysis of botanicals are suggested. Some applications of direct MS without LC are also described.
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Davey, Stephen G. "Botanical bonanza". Nature Reviews Chemistry 5, nr 4 (17.03.2021): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41570-021-00271-8.
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SALVARCI, Simge, i F. Kubra AYLAN. "Visitor Comments about Botanic Parks and Gardens in the Context of Botanical Tourism". Journal of Tourism Management Research 8, nr 2 (28.12.2021): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.31.2021.82.173.183.
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Botanical parks and gardens present different natural beauties together and allow the recognition of flora varieties. Within the scope of botanical tourism, botanical parks and gardens constitute one of the important visiting points of tourists. In this study, visitor comments on botanical parks / gardens are analyzed. Qualitative research method was used in the study. The study data consists of visitor comments on TripAdvisor website for "Ankara Botanical Park", "Atatürk Botanical Park", "Gaziantep Botanical Park", "Karaca Botanical Garden" and "Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanical Garden" in Turkey between May 2014 and November 2020. In the study, when the visitor's comments were evaluated, it was concluded that the comments on the botanical parks and gardens consisted of panoramic, peaceful / relaxing, lush place, nostalgic, natural wonder, tree museum codes. In addition to these, it was concluded that activities such as walking and sports, picnics, photographing, viewing the scenery, resting, and obtaining information about flora can be done by visitors in these parks and gardens.
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Prior, Ronald L., i Guohua Cao. "Analysis of Botanicals and Dietary Supplements for Antioxidant Capacity: A Review". Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 83, nr 4 (1.07.2000): 950–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/83.4.950.
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Abstract Free radicals and other reactive species are considered to be important causative factors in the development of diseases of aging such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. This relationship has led to considerable interest in assessing the antioxidant capacity of foods and botanicals and other nutritional antioxidant supplements. The use of the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay as a tool for antioxidant assessment is described and proposed as a method for comparing botanical sources and for standardizing nutritional supplements. The free radical or oxidant source is important and direct comparisons cannot be made between procedures that use different sources. The ORAC procedure uses 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride as a peroxyl radical source, which is relevant to biological systems because the peroxyl radical is the most abundant free radical. Other oxidant sources (hydroxyl radical and Cu++) can also be used to characterize antioxidants in botanicals. Phenolics or polyphenolics are responsible for most of the antioxidant capacity in fruits, vegetables, and most botanical antioxidant supplements. Although little is known about the absorption and metabolism of these components, improvement in the in vivo antioxidant status has been observed in human subjects following consumption of antioxidant botanicals. The ORAC method provides a basis from which to establish appropriate dietary intakes that might impact health outcomes.
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Ong, Eng-Shi, Yuk-Lin Yong i Soo-On Woo. "Determination of Lead in Botanicals/Chinese Prepared Medicines by Using Microwave Digestion with Flow Injection–Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry". Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 83, nr 2 (1.03.2000): 382–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/83.2.382.
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Abstract A simple, sensitive, and rapid method was developed for the determination of lead in botanicals and Chinese prepared medicines (CPM) by using closed-vessel microwave digestion with flow injection–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry. The limits of detection and quantitation for the method, based on 0.5 g digested sample, were calculated to be 0.10 and 0.61 mg/kg, respectively. A simple approach was proposed for calibration by multiple linear regression (MLR) with 207Pb, 206Pb, and 204Pb for the determination of lead in botanical and CPM samples. The results from calibration by MLR were compared with those obtained by conventional modes using 207Pb and the sum of 207Pb and 206Pb. The results obtained by the different modes of calibration were in good agreement for botanical and CPM samples. The method was found to have good accuracy for the analysis of botanical reference materials. Method precision based on analyses of different types of CPM samples by different analysts on different days for different levels of lead was between 3.0 and 8.0% (relative standard deviation, n = 6). The effect of possible matrix interference caused by nitric acid and the extent of digestion was investigated with the method of standard additions. Significant matrix interference was not observed for the CPM samples analyzed. MLR was used to examine the effect of variation in isotopic abundance, which was found to present no significant problem in the determination of lead in the botanical and CPM samples.
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Patil, D. S., i N. S. Chavan (Mulik). "BIOEFFICACY OF SOME BOTANICALS AGAINST THE SUGARCANE WOOLLY APHID, CERATOVACUNA LANIGERA ZEHNTER". Journal of Biopesticides 02, nr 01 (1.06.2009): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.2.1.44-47.
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ABSTRACT Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehnter is a serious pest of sugarcane in many parts of India including Maharashtra and Karnataka. In the light of recent increased interest in developing plant based secondary chemistry into products suitable for integrated pest management, the objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of Acacia concianna, Acorus calamus, Momordica charantia, and Annona squamosa on Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehnter under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Among the tested plants, A. concianna was found to be more effective than other plants. Two rounds of applications of four botanicals along with control were made and the incidence of aphid (Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehnter) on sugarcane was recorded. The results indicated that C.I. mortality was concentrations and exposure time dependent one. Among the four botanicals Acacia concianna was the most toxic botanical under laboratory condition. Similar impact was also recorded under field condition too.
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Rattray, Ryan D., i Ben-Erik Van Wyk. "The Botanical, Chemical and Ethnobotanical Diversity of Southern African Lamiaceae". Molecules 26, nr 12 (18.06.2021): 3712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26123712.
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The Lamiaceae is undoubtedly an important plant family, having a rich history of use that spans the globe with many species being used in folk medicine and modern industries alike. Their ability to produce aromatic volatile oils has made them valuable sources of materials in the cosmetic, culinary, and pharmaceutical industries. A thorough account of the taxonomic diversity, chemistry and ethnobotany is lacking for southern African Lamiaceae, which feature some of the region’s most notable medicinal and edible plant species. We provide a comprehensive insight into the Lamiaceae flora of southern Africa, comprising 297 species in 42 genera, 105 of which are endemic to the subcontinent. We further explore the medicinal and traditional uses, where all genera with documented uses are covered for the region. A broad review of the chemistry of southern African Lamiaceae is presented, noting that only 101 species (34%) have been investigated chemically (either their volatile oils or phytochemical characterization of secondary metabolites), thus presenting many and varied opportunities for further studies. The main aim of our study was therefore to present an up-to-date account of the botany, chemistry and traditional uses of the family in southern Africa, and to identify obvious knowledge gaps.
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Upton, Roy, Bruno David, Stefan Gafner i Sabine Glasl. "Botanical ingredient identification and quality assessment: strengths and limitations of analytical techniques". Phytochemistry Reviews 19, nr 5 (9.07.2019): 1157–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11101-019-09625-z.
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Abstract Interest in botanical medicines is increasing worldwide with current global market values estimated to be greater than US $72 billion. To ensure ingredients used in botanical preparations are appropriately identified and will deliver the intended benefit while minimizing potential for risk, good manufacturing practices (GMPs) are required. GMPs require that scientifically valid analytical techniques be used. This review discusses a variety of techniques of quality assessment taking into account the different challenges between academicians and manufacturers with the basic premise that all techniques are scientifically valid if used appropriately, and conversely, are limited if not used in a scientifically valid manner. The strengths and limitations, applications and inapplicability, of some of these techniques will be discussed, as will differences between traditional and more modern analytical techniques. A strong emphasis is placed on classical botanical and traditional macromorphological assessment techniques that represent the basis of identification and quality assessment upstream of other techniques such as analytical chemistry and genetics. It will be shown that it is the suite of botanical and chemical techniques that provides the greatest confidence for ensuring the identity and quality of botanical medicines.
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Albadry, Mohamed A., i Ikhlas A. Khan. "Roadmap for Quality by Design Implementation for Dietary Supplements". Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 103, nr 1 (1.01.2020): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.18-0415.
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Abstract Background: Recently, there is a growing interest in quality by design (QbD) in the dietary supplements industry. Objective: Effective QbD implementation necessitates a comprehensive understanding of multiple factors such as; the relationship between the critical qualities attributes (CQAs) and the scientific properties of the dietary supplement, the relationship between the manufacturing process, CQAs and the variability in raw materials. There are still two critical challenging concerns to be addressed in the implementation of QbD for herbal drugs. First, the quality variation of botanical raw materials and second, the difficulty in defining the satisfactory ranges of CQAs. Method: In order to tackle these challenges, this review provides a snapshot of the numerous techniques that can be used in the identification and characterization of the botanical raw materials, therefore, will help in the successful QbD implementation for botanicals and dietary supplements. Conclusions: In order to implement this approach and to be considered in the current dietary supplement regulations, fruitful discussions and collaborations between academia, industry and regulatory agencies are required.
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Ccana-Ccapatinta, Gari Vidal, Jennyfer Andrea Aldana Mejía, Matheus Hikaru Tanimoto, Milton Groppo, Jean Carlos Andrade Sarmento de Carvalho i Jairo Kenupp Bastos. "Dalbergia ecastaphyllum (L.) Taub. and Symphonia globulifera L.f.: The Botanical Sources of Isoflavonoids and Benzophenones in Brazilian Red Propolis". Molecules 25, nr 9 (28.04.2020): 2060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25092060.
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The Brazilian red propolis (BRP) constitutes an important commercial asset for northeast Brazilian beekeepers. The role of Dalbergia ecastaphyllum (L.) Taub. (Fabaceae) as the main botanical source of this propolis has been previously confirmed. However, in addition to isoflavonoids and other phenolics, which are present in the resin of D. ecastaphyllum, samples of BRP are reported to contain substantial amounts of polyprenylated benzophenones, whose botanical source was unknown. Therefore, field surveys, phytochemical and chromatographic analyses were undertaken to confirm the botanical sources of the red propolis produced in apiaries located in Canavieiras, Bahia, Brazil. The results confirmed D. ecastaphyllum as the botanical source of liquiritigenin (1), isoliquiritigenin (2), formononetin (3), vestitol (4), neovestitol (5), medicarpin (6), and 7-O-neovestitol (7), while Symphonia globulifera L.f. (Clusiaceae) is herein reported for the first time as the botanical source of polyprenylated benzophenones, mainly guttiferone E (8) and oblongifolin B (9), as well as the triterpenoids β-amyrin (10) and glutinol (11). The chemotaxonomic and economic significance of the occurrence of polyprenylated benzophenones in red propolis is discussed.
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Wilczyńska, Aleksandra, i Natalia Żak. "The Use of Fluorescence Spectrometry to Determine the Botanical Origin of Filtered Honeys". Molecules 25, nr 6 (16.03.2020): 1350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25061350.
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The aim of this study was to determine whether fluorescence spectrometry can be used to identify the botanical origin of filtered honeys. Sixty-two honey samples with different botanical origins, both filtered and unfiltered, were investigated in order to examine their fluorescence spectra. The results showed that individual honey varieties have different fluorescence spectra, and the filtration process had no impact on these spectra. The results suggest that fluorescence spectroscopy may be a useful method to identify the botanical origin of filtered honeys.
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Rhoades, Charles B. "Clean laboratory chemistry for the microwave-assisted digestion of botanical samples". Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 11, nr 9 (1996): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/ja9961100751.
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Lu, Zhengfei, Monika Arrhenius, Tiffany Chua, Silva Babajanian, Yanjun Zhang, Peter Chang i Gary Swanson. "Validation of a Targeted PCR Method for Raw and Processed Botanical Material Identification: An Example Using Matricaria chamomilla (Chamomile)". Journal of AOAC International 102, nr 6 (1.11.2019): 1787–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.19-0102.
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Background: A requirement of current good manufacturing practices for dietary supplements is that manufacturers must identify their dietary ingredients. DNA-based methods can provide species-level authentication that may sometimes be difficult to achieve using conventional morphological and chemical analysis methods. However, because of varying levels of DNA degradation in botanical materials, many commercial tests fail to generate consistent test results across all types of botanical materials. AOAC published guidelines for validation of botanical identification methods and proposed probability of identification (POI) as a method performance parameter. However, few DNA-based botanical authentication methods in the literature follow these guidelines and evaluate POI. Objective: To provide a targeted PCR method validation example that follows AOAC guidelines for validation of botanical identification methods. Methods: Using Matricaria chamomilla (chamomile) as an example, we performed a single-laboratory validation for a targeted PCR method that aimed to identify both raw and processed chamomile materials. The performance parameters of the test were evaluated by carrying out an inclusivity/exclusivity study and a Specified Superior Test Material/Specified Inferior Test Material study to demonstrate that the method’s POI meets industry requirements. Results: The chamomile samples were identified by the method and achieved a POI greater than 0.9 with respect to all types of chamomile botanical materials. Conclusions: The method was validated for DNA-based identification of raw and processed chamomile materials, such as sterilized powders and extracts. Highlights: This work will provide insight for laboratories and manufacturers that aim to develop and validate DNA-based botanical identification methods.
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Lu, Zhengfei, Monika Arrhenius, Tiffany Chua, Silva Babajanian, Yanjun Zhang, Peter Chang i Gary Swanson. "Validation of a Targeted PCR Method for Raw and Processed Botanical Material Identification: An Example Using Matricaria chamomilla (Chamomile)". Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 102, nr 6 (1.11.2019): 1787–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/102.6.1787.
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Abstract Background: A requirement of current good manufacturing practices for dietary supplements is that manufacturers must identify their dietary ingredients. DNA-based methods can provide species-level authentication that may sometimes be difficult to achieve using conventional morphological and chemical analysis methods. However, because of varying levels of DNA degradation in botanical materials, many commercial tests fail to generate consistent test results across all types of botanical materials. AOAC published guidelines for validation of botanical identification methods and proposed probability of identification (POI) as a method performance parameter. However, few DNA-based botanical authentication methods in the literature follow these guidelines and evaluate POI. Objective: To provide a targeted PCR method validation example that follows AOAC guidelines for validation of botanical identification methods. Methods: Using Matricaria chamomilla (chamomile) as an example, we performed a single-laboratory validation for a targeted PCR method that aimed to identify both raw and processed chamomile materials. The performance parameters of the test were evaluated by carrying out an inclusivity/exclusivity study and a Specified Superior Test Material/Specified Inferior Test Material study to demonstrate that the method’s POI meets industry requirements. Results: The chamomile samples were identified by the method and achieved a POI greater than 0.9 with respect to all types of chamomile botanical materials. Conclusions: The method was validated for DNA-based identification of raw and processed chamomile materials, such as sterilized powders and extracts. Highlights: This work will provide insight for laboratories and manufacturers that aim to develop and validate DNA-based botanical identification methods.
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Newmaster, Steven G., Dhivya Shanmughanandhan, Prasad Kesanakurti, Hanan Shehata, Adam Faller, Isabella Della Noce, Jung Yeop Lee i in. "Recommendations for Validation of Real-Time PCR Methods for Molecular Diagnostic Identification of Botanicals". Journal of AOAC International 102, nr 6 (1.11.2019): 1767–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.18-0321.
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Background: PCR methods are the most commonly used DNA-based identity tool in the commercial food, beverage, and natural health product markets. These methods are routinely used to identify foodborne pathogens and allergens in food. Proper validation methods for some sectors have been established, while there are none in other markets, such as botanicals. Results: A survey of the literature indicates that some validation criteria are not addressed when developing PCR tests for botanicals. Objective: We provide recommendations for qualitative real-time PCR methods for validating identity tests for botanical ingredients. Methods: These include common criteria that underpin the development and validation of rigorous tests, including (1) the aim of the validation test, (2) the applicability of different matrix variants, (3) specificity in identifying the target species ingredient, (4) sensitivity in detecting the smallest amount of the target material, (5) repeatability of methods, (6) reproducibility in detecting the target species in both raw and processed materials, (7) practicability of the test in a commercial laboratory, and (8) comparison with alternative methods. In addition, we recommend additional criteria, according to which the practicability of the test method is evaluated by transferring the method to a second laboratory and by comparison with alternative methods. Conclusions and Highlights: We hope that these recommendations encourage further publication on the validation of PCR methods for many botanical ingredients. These properly validated PCR methods can be developed on small, real-time biotechnology that can be placed directly into the supply chain ledger in support of highly transparent data systems that support QC from the farm to the fork of the consumer.
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Newmaster, Steven G., Dhivya Shanmughanandhan, Prasad Kesanakurti, Hanan Shehata, Adam Faller, Isabella Della Noce, Jung Yeop Lee i in. "Recommendations for Validation of Real-Time PCR Methods for Molecular Diagnostic Identification of Botanicals". Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 102, nr 6 (1.11.2019): 1767–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/102.6.1767.
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Abstract Background: PCR methods are the most commonly used DNA-based identity tool in the commercial food, beverage, and natural health product markets. These methods are routinely used to identify foodborne pathogens and allergens in food. Proper validation methods for some sectors have been established, while there are none in other markets, such as botanicals. Results: A survey of the literature indicates that some validation criteria are not addressed when developing PCR tests for botanicals. Objective: We provide recommendations for qualitative real-time PCR methods for validating identity tests for botanical ingredients. Methods: These include common criteria that underpin the development and validation of rigorous tests, including (1) the aim of the validation test, (2) the applicability of different matrix variants, (3) specificity in identifying the target species ingredient, (4) sensitivity in detecting the smallest amount of the target material, (5) repeatability of methods, (6) reproducibility in detecting the target species in both raw and processed materials, (7) practicability of the test in a commercial laboratory, and (8) comparison with alternative methods. In addition, we recommend additional criteria, according to which the practicability of the test method is evaluated by transferring the method to a second laboratory and by comparison with alternative methods. Conclusions and Highlights: We hope that these recommendations encourage further publication on the validation of PCR methods for many botanical ingredients. These properly validated PCR methods can be developed on small, real-time biotechnology that can be placed directly into the supply chain ledger in support of highly transparent data systems that support QC from the farm to the fork of the consumer.
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Fiamegos, Yiannis, Catalina Dumitrascu, Michele Ghidotti i Maria Beatriz de la Calle Guntiñas. "Use of energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence combined with chemometric modelling to classify honey according to botanical variety and geographical origin". Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 412, nr 2 (25.11.2019): 463–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-019-02255-6.
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AbstractHoney is one of the food commodities most frequently affected by fraud. Although addition of extraneous sugars is the most common type of fraud, analytical methods are also needed to detect origin masking and misdescription of botanical variety. In this work, multivariate analysis of the content of certain macro- and trace elements, determined by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) without any type of sample treatment, were used to classify honeys according to botanical variety and geographical origin. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were used to create classification models for nine different botanical varieties—orange, robinia, lavender, rosemary, thyme, lime, chestnut, eucalyptus and manuka—and seven different geographical origins—Italy, Romania, Spain, Portugal, France, Hungary and New Zealand. Although characterised by 100% sensitivity, PCA models lacked specificity. The PLS-DA models constructed for specific combinations of botanical variety-country (BV-C) allowed the successful classification of honey samples, which was verified by external validation samples.
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Bruni, Renato, Davide Barreca, Michele Protti, Virginia Brighenti, Laura Righetti, Lisa Anceschi, Laura Mercolini, Stefania Benvenuti, Giuseppe Gattuso i Federica Pellati. "Botanical Sources, Chemistry, Analysis, and Biological Activity of Furanocoumarins of Pharmaceutical Interest". Molecules 24, nr 11 (8.06.2019): 2163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24112163.
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The aim of this work is to provide a critical review of plant furanocoumarins from different points of view, including their chemistry and biosynthetic pathways to their extraction, analysis, and synthesis, to the main biological activities found for these active compounds, in order to highlight their potential within pharmaceutical science. The limits and the possible improvements needed for research involving these molecules are also highlighted and discussed.
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Bodor, Zsanett, Zoltan Kovacs, Csilla Benedek, Géza Hitka i Hermann Behling. "Origin Identification of Hungarian Honey Using Melissopalynology, Physicochemical Analysis, and Near Infrared Spectroscopy". Molecules 26, nr 23 (30.11.2021): 7274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26237274.
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The objective of the study was to check the authenticity of Hungarian honey using physicochemical analysis, near infrared spectroscopy, and melissopalynology. In the study, 87 samples from different botanical origins such as acacia, bastard indigo, rape, sunflower, linden, honeydew, milkweed, and sweet chestnut were collected. The samples were analyzed by physicochemical methods (pH, electrical conductivity, and moisture), melissopalynology (300 pollen grains counted), and near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS:740–1700 nm). During the evaluation of the data PCA-LDA models were built for the classification of different botanical and geographical origins, using the methods separately, and in combination (low-level data fusion). PC number optimization and external validation were applied for all the models. Botanical origin classification models were >90% and >55% accurate in the case of the pollen and NIR methods. Improved results were obtained with the combination of the physicochemical, melissopalynology, and NIRS techniques, which provided >99% and >81% accuracy for botanical and geographical origin classification models, respectively. The combination of these methods could be a promising tool for origin identification of honey.
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Gallo, Ignacio M., i Ana M. Caresana. "Poisoning due to ornamental plants belonging to the Araceae family: Review of botanical and toxicological aspects relevant for clinical practice". Poison 1, nr 2 (30.06.2024): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.62129/nvkd2964.
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Some genera of the Araceae botanical family used with ornamental purposes at home pose a risk to human beings and animals; therefore accidental or voluntary exposure becomes one of the most frequent causes of household poisoning, particularly among children. It is important to highlight that only a low percentage of those patients poisoned by these plants are accurately diagnosed. This is due to the following reasons: the difficulty establishing an early diagnosis due to the enormous diversity of species and the lack of botanical knowledge leading to difficulties identifying the plant, as well as its toxic potential. Therefore, the administration of a specific treatment is delayed. This evinces the multidisciplinary character of toxicology, which requires sciences such as anthropology, botany, agronomy, ethnobotany, mycology, chemistry, etc. to identify the material concerned, as well as its active principles and main uses. The aim of this article is to highlight those botanical, biochemical and medical aspects that are relevant to understand the mechanisms through which these vegetable substances may cause harm.
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Becker, Donald A., i Thomas E. Gills. "Recent developments in NIST botanical SRMs". Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry 352, nr 1-2 (1995): 163–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00322318.
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Zhuravleva, E. V., i S. V. Fursov. "Tasks of Botanical gardens of Russia: from preservation of plant bioresources to ecological education of the population". Horticulture and viticulture, nr 3 (10.07.2019): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31676/0235-2591-2019-3-43-51.
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Within the framework of the national goals and strategic objectives of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2024, the tasks were formulated to radically improving the comfort of the urban environment, preserving biological diversity and preserving forests. These tasks can be successfully solved only in a integrated study of the biological environment of a concrete region. The article shows that the Botanical gardens, providing reliable preservation of the gene pool of the plant world from living organisms to biomaterials, are one of the forms of organization of the scientific process associated with the maintenance and preservation of the diversity of plant bioresources. Collection funds of Botanical gardens, which include tens of thousands of plant names, are a national treasure. The genetic resources of plants preserved in the collections of Botanical gardens represent a unified national collection distributed throughout the territory of the Russian Federation in a wide range of climatic conditions. Plants of natural flora and are currently indispensable raw materials for the food industry and pharmacology, despite the enormous development of the chemistry of synthetic compounds and nanobiotechnology. Botanical gardens can become not only focal points for the study and conservation of plant bioresources, but also the organization of joint research and international cooperation in this field, environmental and aesthetic education of the population.
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Castell, Ana, Natalia Arroyo-Manzanares, Yolanda Guerrero-Núñez, Natalia Campillo i Pilar Viñas. "Headspace with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for the Use of Volatile Organic Compound Profile in Botanical Origin Authentication of Honey". Molecules 28, nr 11 (24.05.2023): 4297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28114297.
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The botanical origin of honey determines its composition and hence properties and product quality. As a highly valued food product worldwide, assurance of the authenticity of honey is required to prevent potential fraud. In this work, the characterisation of Spanish honeys from 11 different botanical origins was carried out by headspace gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS). A total of 27 volatile compounds were monitored, including aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters and monoterpenes. Samples were grouped into five categories of botanical origins: rosemary, orange blossom, albaida, thousand flower and “others” (the remaining origins studied, due to the limitation of samples available). Method validation was performed based on linearity and limits of detection and quantification, allowing the quantification of 21 compounds in the different honeys studied. Furthermore, an orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) chemometric model allowed the classification of honey into the five established categories, achieving a 100% and 91.67% classification and validation success rate, respectively. The application of the proposed methodology was tested by analysing 16 honey samples of unknown floral origin, classifying 4 as orange blossom, 4 as thousand flower and 8 as belonging to other botanical origins.
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Akili, Abd Wahid Rizaldi, Ari Hardianto, Jalifah Latip, Maya Ismiyati i Tati Herlina. "Characterization of Botanical Parts of <i>Erythrina crista-galli</i> Using Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and Multivariate Analysis". Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 23, nr 4 (15.08.2023): 899. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.77325.
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Erythrina crista-galli is commonly used in folk medicines for its pharmacological properties which are associated with the bioactive compounds. Profiling botanical parts of E. crista-galli is an exciting topic and essential to uncover the similarity and clustering based on their chemical content. The botanical parts of E. crista-galli, including bark, flowers, leaves, roots, and twigs, were subjected to pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The samples were pyrolyzed using a multi-shot pyrolyzer. The relative abundance of the pyrolysate was subjected to multivariate analysis, i.e., principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The scree plot for PC.1, PC. 2, and PC. 3 accounted for 36.5%, 27.2%, and 20.3%, respectively. Together, the first three PCs explain 84% of the total variance. The PCA allows characterizing the roots of E. crista-galli by the highest relative abundance of lignin G, followed by the twigs, bark, and leaves, while the flowers had the least relative abundance of lignin G. The HCA allows to cluster the botanical parts of E. crista-galli into three different clusters based on their chemical component similarity, i.e., flowers-leaves, twigs, and roots-bark. In conclusion, Py-GC/MS analysis can be used in conjunction with multivariate data analysis to characterize the botanical parts of E. crista-galli.
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Nuzillard, Jean-Marc, i Vicente de Paulo Emerenciano. "Automatic Structure Elucidation through Data Base Search and 2D NMR Spectral Analysis". Natural Product Communications 1, nr 1 (styczeń 2006): 1934578X0600100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0600100111.
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This work shows how two expert systems, LSD and SISTEMAT, can be used together to solve structure elucidation problems that were selected from recent literature articles. The LSD system is a structure generator that mainly relies on homo- and heteronuclear 2D NMR data. It lacks the knowledge of chemical shift values and of natural product chemistry. Conversely, the SISTEMAT data base contains about 20000 natural compounds and refers to both their 13C NMR chemical shifts and their botanical origin. When exploited by dedicated computer programs it yields structural constraints such as skeletal types and ring systems. The botanical and spectroscopic data in SISTEMAT proved to be very complementary in the constraints extraction process. Several application examples of the proposed methodology are described in detail.
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Han, Jin, Shaoyong Zhang, Jun He i Tianze Li. "Piperine: Chemistry and Biology". Toxins 15, nr 12 (12.12.2023): 696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins15120696.
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Piperine is a plant-derived promising piperamide candidate isolated from the black pepper (Piper nigrum L.). In the last few years, this natural botanical product and its derivatives have aroused much attention for their comprehensive biological activities, including not only medical but also agricultural bioactivities. In order to achieve sustainable development and improve survival conditions, looking for environmentally friendly pesticides with low toxicity and residue is an extremely urgent challenge. Fortunately, plant-derived pesticides are rising like a shining star, guiding us in the direction of development in pesticidal research. In the present review, the recent progress in the biological activities, mechanisms of action, and structural modifications of piperine and its derivatives from 2020 to 2023 are summarized. The structure-activity relationships were analyzed in order to pave the way for future development and utilization of piperine and its derivatives as potent drugs and pesticides for improving the local economic development.
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Avula, Bharathi, Ji-Yeong Bae, Jongmin Ahn, Kumar Katragunta, Yan-Hong Wang, Mei Wang, Yongsoo Kwon, Ikhlas A. Khan i Amar G. Chittiboyina. "6-Oxofurostane and (iso)Spirostane Types of Saponins in Smilax sieboldii: UHPLC-QToF-MS/MS and GNPS-Molecular Networking Approach for the Rapid Dereplication and Biodistribution of Specialized Metabolites". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, nr 14 (14.07.2023): 11487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411487.
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Identifying novel phytochemical secondary metabolites following classical pharmacognostic investigations is tedious and often involves repetitive chromatographic efforts. During the past decade, Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time of Flight-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-QToF-MS/MS), in combination with molecular networking, has been successfully demonstrated for the rapid dereplication of novel natural products in complex mixtures. As a logical application of such innovative tools in botanical research, more than 40 unique 3-oxy-, 3, 6-dioxy-, and 3, 6, 27-trioxy-steroidal saponins were identified in aerial parts and rhizomes of botanically verified Smilax sieboldii. Tandem mass diagnostic fragmentation patterns of aglycones, diosgenin, sarsasapogenin/tigogenin, or laxogenin were critical to establishing the unique nodes belonging to six groups of nineteen unknown steroidal saponins identified in S. sieboldii. Mass fragmentation analysis resulted in the identification of 6-hydroxy sapogenins, believed to be key precursors in the biogenesis of characteristic smilaxins and sieboldins, along with other saponins identified within S. sieboldii. These analytes’ relative biodistribution and characteristic molecular networking profiles were established by analyzing the leaf, stem, and root/rhizome of S. sieboldii. Deducing such profiles is anticipated to aid the overall product integrity of botanical dietary supplements while avoiding tedious pharmacognostic investigations and helping identify exogenous components within the finished products.
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Castiglioni, Sara, Mariassunta Stefano, Paola Astolfi, Michela Pisani i Patricia Carloni. "Characterisation of Bee Pollen from the Marche Region (Italy) according to the Botanical and Geographical Origin with Analysis of Antioxidant Activity and Colour, Using a Chemometric Approach". Molecules 27, nr 22 (18.11.2022): 7996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27227996.
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Attempts have often been made to isolate and characterise monofloral pollens to correlate nutritional with botanical properties. Nevertheless, pollen harvested in a particular area that can have a high biodiversity could have healthier properties. In addition, the analysis of the pollen’s botanical composition can be important for characterising the typical flora of a specific geographical area. On this basis, various pollens collected in different locations of the Marche region (Italy) and in different harvesting periods were analyzed for botanical composition and antioxidant (total phenolic content, ABTS, DPPH and ORAC tests), granulometry and colour (CIE L*a*b*) properties to evaluate the biodiversity of pollen sources within a particular geographical area and to correlate this to the nutraceutical characteristics. Antioxidant activity results showed values generally higher than those of monofloral pollens harvested in the same areas but manually separated according to colour, shape and size. This suggests that even the floral species present in low percentages may have an influence on the nutraceutical properties of these products. The multivariate statistical elaboration of the obtained results permitted the separation of samples containing a prevalent botanical species and the grouping of all the samples into separate clusters corresponding to different areas of Marche.
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Castiglioni, Sara, Paola Astolfi, Carla Conti, Elga Monaci, Mariassunta Stefano i Patricia Carloni. "Morphological, Physicochemical and FTIR Spectroscopic Properties of Bee Pollen Loads from Different Botanical Origin". Molecules 24, nr 21 (3.11.2019): 3974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24213974.
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Bee pollen loads generally have a homogeneous and monospecific pollen content and assume a typical form and color, due to the typical bee foraging habits, thus having a typical composition related to the botanical origin. The present study aims to characterize bee pollen loads belonging to different botanical species using morphological, spectroscopic and color properties and to find relationships between these variables. IR spectra analysis allowed to have a reliable picture of the components present in the different samples; color and granulometry permits a visual identification of pollen load belonging to different species. Multivariate analysis enabled differentiation among the botanical origin of most of the bee pollen samples, grouping them according to the family and the genus and confirming the possibility to use IR and color measurements for the evaluative analysis and classification of bee pollen samples, to promote the consumption of this bee product as functional food.
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Reich, Eike, i Joseph Sherma. "Thin Layer Chromatography in Botanical Analysis". Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 93, nr 5 (1.09.2010): 1347–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/93.5.1347.
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Jacobs, J. F., G. J. M. Koper i W. N. J. Ursem. "UV protective coatings: A botanical approach". Progress in Organic Coatings 58, nr 2-3 (luty 2007): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2006.08.023.
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Müller, Lillian Espíndola, i Gustavo Schiedeck. "Physical properties of botanical surfactants". Science of The Total Environment 610-611 (styczeń 2018): 1133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.193.
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S., Nushusna, Yumi Zuhanis H.Y.H. i Hamzah M.S. "In-silico approach in risk assessment of nutraceutical properties". Food Research 4, S1 (10.02.2020): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.4(s1).s35.
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Dietary supplements, including those containing botanical ingredients and botanicalderived compounds, have been marketed to consumers globally for many decades. However, the legislative framework for such products remains inconsistent across jurisdictions internationally. A common problem, concerning these nutraceutical products, is deficient information and lack of data for assessing the hazards posed to human health. The main objective is to explore the use of in silico tools in a risk assessment context of nutraceutical product, to relate properties of the molecular structure to the toxic effect of the chemical substance, by using principles and methods of computational chemistry. Further consideration of the actual impact of adverse events arising from nutraceutical food supplement usage will be helpful in guiding such issue as a potential for misidentification, and adulteration of botanical supplements by pharmacologically active substances.
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Zhu, Qingxia, Yongbing Cao, Dan Li, Fang Fang, Feng Lu i Yongfang Yuan. "A fast response TLC-SERS substrate for on-site detection of hydrophilic and hydrophobic adulterants in botanical dietary supplements". New Journal of Chemistry 43, nr 35 (2019): 13873–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nj02489a.
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Pastor, Kristian, Vesna Vujasinovic, Ana Marjanovic-Jeromela, Djura Vujic, Djordje Jovanovic i Marijana Acanski. "Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry system applied to determine botanical origin of various types of edible vegetable oils". Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 84, nr 9 (2019): 1017–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc180719109p.
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This study represents a new strategy for discrimination of 59 samples of various cold-pressed, virgin and refined edible vegetable oils according to the corresponding botanical origin. Samples were produced from 17 plant species: olive, sunflower, safflower, flax, pumpkin, sesame, hemp, walnut, hazelnut, almond, grape, black cumin, apricot, plum, soybean, wheat and rapeseed. A GC/MS device performing in a ion current (IC) mode, combined with multivariate clustering, was employed in the analysis. Derivatization reaction occurred in the injector of a gas chromatograph. The discriminations between species were based on marker-peaks of 9 molecular ions of dominant fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), which were chosen as descriptors: m/z 268, 270, 292, 294, 296, 298, 324, 326 and 354. Dendrogram obtained after performing cluster analysis shows clear discriminations of the analyzed samples, based on the belonging botanical origin. These results demonstrate that IC-GC/MS approach with cluster analysis could be a useful tool in rapid screening for botanical origin of commercial samples of various edible vegetable oils.
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Huang, Wangli, Lingbo Kong, Yang Cao i Liang Yan. "Identification and Quantification, Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacological Activities, and Botanical Preparations of Protopine: A Review". Molecules 27, nr 1 (30.12.2021): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010215.
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Through pharmacological activity research, an increasing number of natural products and their derivatives are being recognized for their therapeutic value. In recent years, studies have been conducted on Corydalis yanhusuo W.T. Wang, a valuable medicinal herb listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Protopine, one of its components, has also become a research hotspot. To illustrate the identification, metabolism, and broad pharmacological activity of protopine and the botanical preparations containing it for further scientific studies and clinical applications, an in-depth and detailed review of protopine is required. We collected data on the identification and quantification, metabolism and pharmacokinetics, pharmacological activities, and botanical preparations of protopine from 1986 to 2021 from the PubMed database using “protopine” as a keyword. It has been shown that protopine as an active ingredient of many botanical preparations can be rapidly screened and quantified by a large number of methods (such as the LC-ESI-MS/MS and the TLC/GC-MS), and the possible metabolic pathways of protopine in vivo have been proposed. In addition, protopine possesses a wide range of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet aggregation, anti-cancer, analgesic, vasodilatory, anticholinesterase, anti-addictive, anticonvulsant, antipathogenic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and cytotoxic and anti-proliferative activities. In this paper, the identification and quantification, metabolism and pharmacokinetics, pharmacological activities, and botanical preparations of protopine are reviewed in detail to lay a foundation for further scientific research and clinical applications of protopine.
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Okon, Estera, Wirginia Kukula-Koch, Agata Jarzab, Marta Halasa, Andrzej Stepulak i Anna Wawruszak. "Advances in Chemistry and Bioactivity of Magnoflorine and Magnoflorine-Containing Extracts". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, nr 4 (16.02.2020): 1330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041330.
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The review collects together some recent information on the identity and pharmacological properties of magnoflorine, a quaternary aporphine alkaloid, that is widely distributed within the representatives of several botanical families like Berberidaceae, Magnoliaceae, Papaveraceae, or Menispermaceae. Several findings published in the scientific publications mention its application in the treatment of a wide spectrum of diseases including inflammatory ones, allergies, hypertension, osteoporosis, bacterial, viral and fungal infections, and some civilization diseases like cancer, obesity, diabetes, dementia, or depression. The pharmacokinetics and perspectives on its introduction to therapeutic strategies will also be discussed.
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Lazarević, Kristina B., Milica S. Jovetić i Živoslav Lj Tešić. "Physicochemical Parameters as a Tool for the Assessment of Origin of Honey". Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 100, nr 4 (1.07.2017): 840–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.17-0143.
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Abstract Honey is a complex mixture of various substances, and its composition depends on both botanical and geographical origin, as well as anthropogenic factors. The accurate identification of honey origin guarantees the satisfaction of consumers' needs and has an impact on the honey market value. Physicochemical parameters, some of which are used in routine analysis of honey quality, could be useful for the assessment of its origin. In this review, special attention is paid to those studies that assessed the sugar and mineral composition of honey, whether they were investigated in terms of botanical or geographical origin, or for the characterization of honey type. The oligosaccharides present in honey and the electrical conductivity of honey correlate strongly with its botanical origin. Mineral content could be indicative for distinguishing honeys according to their botanical and geographical origins because it depends on both the soil composition and the floral type of melliferous plants. This review provides insight into the results obtained by various studies from approximately the last 10 years concerning the sugar profile and the mineral and trace element content of different types of honey. An attempt was made to statistically analyze the results regarding mineral and trace element content in order to identify indicators that could distinguish honey by origin.
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Suhandy, Diding, i Meinilwita Yulia. "The Use of UV Spectroscopy and SIMCA for the Authentication of Indonesian Honeys According to Botanical, Entomological and Geographical Origins". Molecules 26, nr 4 (9.02.2021): 915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26040915.
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As a functional food, honey is a food product that is exposed to the risk of food fraud. To mitigate this, the establishment of an authentication system for honey is very important in order to protect both producers and consumers from possible economic losses. This research presents a simple analytical method for the authentication and classification of Indonesian honeys according to their botanical, entomological, and geographical origins using ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy and SIMCA (soft independent modeling of class analogy). The spectral data of a total of 1040 samples, representing six types of Indonesian honey of different botanical, entomological, and geographical origins, were acquired using a benchtop UV-visible spectrometer (190–400 nm). Three different pre-processing algorithms were simultaneously evaluated; namely an 11-point moving average smoothing, mean normalization, and Savitzky–Golay first derivative with 11 points and second-order polynomial fitting (ordo 2), in order to improve the original spectral data. Chemometrics methods, including exploratory analysis of PCA and SIMCA classification method, was used to classify the honey samples. A clear separation of the six different Indonesian honeys, based on botanical, entomological, and geographical origins, was obtained using PCA calculated from pre-processed spectra from 250–400 nm. The SIMCA classification method provided satisfactory results in classifying honey samples according to their botanical, entomological, and geographical origins and achieved 100% accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Several wavelengths were identified (266, 270, 280, 290, 300, 335, and 360 nm) as the most sensitive for discriminating between the different Indonesian honey samples.
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Shamsudin, Selamat, Sanny, A.R, Jambari i Khatib. "A Comparative Characterization of Physicochemical and Antioxidants Properties of Processed Heterotrigona itama Honey from Different Origins and Classification by Chemometrics Analysis". Molecules 24, nr 21 (29.10.2019): 3898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24213898.
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Stingless bee honey produced by Heterotrigona itama from different botanical origins was characterised and discriminated. Three types of stingless bee honey collected from acacia, gelam, and starfruit nectars were analyzed and compared with Apis mellifera honey. The results showed that stingless bee honey samples from the three different botanical origins were significantly different in terms of their moisture content, pH, free acidity, total soluble solids, colour characteristics, sugar content, amino acid content and antioxidant properties. Stingless bee honey was significantly different from Apis mellifera honey in terms of physicochemical and antioxidant properties. The amino acid content was further used in the chemometrics analysis to evaluate the role of amino acid in discriminating honey according to botanical origin. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) revealed that the stingless bee honey was completely distinguishable from Apis mellifera honey. Notably, a clear distinction between the stingless bee honey types was also observed. The specific amino acids involved in the distinction of honey were cysteine for acacia and gelam, phenylalanine and 3-hydroxyproline for starfruit, and proline for Apis mellifera honey. The results showed that all honey samples were successfully classified based on amino acid content.
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Rosenzweig, Tovit, i Sanford R. Sampson. "Activation of Insulin Signaling by Botanical Products". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, nr 8 (18.04.2021): 4193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22084193.
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Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a worldwide health problem, ranked as one of the leading causes for severe morbidity and premature mortality in modern society. Management of blood glucose is of major importance in order to limit the severe outcomes of the disease. However, despite the impressive success in the development of new antidiabetic drugs, almost no progress has been achieved with regard to the development of novel insulin-sensitizing agents. As insulin resistance is the most eminent factor in the patho-etiology of T2D, it is not surprising that an alarming number of patients still fail to meet glycemic goals. Owing to its wealth of chemical structures, the plant kingdom is considered as an inventory of compounds exerting various bioactivities, which might be used as a basis for the development of novel medications for various pathologies. Antidiabetic activity is found in over 400 plant species, and is attributable to varying mechanisms of action. Nevertheless, relatively limited evidence exists regarding phytochemicals directly activating insulin signaling, which is the focus of this review. Here, we will list plants and phytochemicals that have been found to improve insulin sensitivity by activation of the insulin signaling cascade, and will describe the active constituents and their mechanism of action.
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Yang, Fei, Jia Lai, Junzhu Deng, Jun Du, Xi Du, Xiaoqin Zhang, Yiwei Wang i in. "The Application of Ethnomedicine in Modulating Megakaryocyte Differentiation and Platelet Counts". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, nr 4 (5.02.2023): 3168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043168.
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Megakaryocytes (MKs), a kind of functional hematopoietic stem cell, form platelets to maintain platelet balance through cell differentiation and maturation. In recent years, the incidence of blood diseases such as thrombocytopenia has increased, but these diseases cannot be fundamentally solved. The platelets produced by MKs can treat thrombocytopenia-associated diseases in the body, and myeloid differentiation induced by MKs has the potential to improve myelosuppression and erythroleukemia. Currently, ethnomedicine is extensively used in the clinical treatment of blood diseases, and the recent literature has reported that many phytomedicines can improve the disease status through MK differentiation. This paper reviewed the effects of botanical drugs on megakaryocytic differentiation covering the period 1994–2022, and information was obtained from PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar. In conclusions, we summarized the role and molecular mechanism of many typical botanical drugs in promoting megakaryocyte differentiation in vivo, providing evidence as much as possible for botanical drugs treating thrombocytopenia and other related diseases in the future.
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Peng, Zhe-Yu, Mu-Zi He, Ling-Yan Zhou, Xin-Yu Wu, Lin-Min Wang, Ni Li i Sheng-Qun Deng. "Mosquito Repellents: Efficacy Tests of Commercial Skin-Applied Products in China". Molecules 27, nr 17 (28.08.2022): 5534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27175534.
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As a prevention tool for mosquito-borne diseases, mosquito repellents have received substantial attention. To make a convincing recommendation for repellent products to Chinese consumers, we compared the protection time (landing time and probing time) of the 26 best-selling commercial repellents in the Chinese market in a controlled laboratory environment. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Meanwhile, prices and favorable rates of repellents are also taken into consideration. In our study, N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET)-based products provided the longest protection time (0.5–3.88 h landing time and/or 1–5.63 h probing time) and lower prices (13.9–21.9 yuan) than other components (ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate (IR3535), picaridin, and botanical. Among the 26 selected products, only 17 repellents showed repellency, and the best repellent was Green Jungle (15% DEET), with a mean (±SD) landing and/or probing time of 3.88 ± 1.65 h and/or 5.63 ± 0.36 h. For botanicals, only ICE King, OMNIbaby, and Ren He showed a little repellency. Autan (20% picaridin) performed best in the picaridin group. Run Ben (7% IR3535) stood out from the IR3535 group. In conclusion, DEET repellent is highly recommended to consumers. The combination of botanicals and synthesized chemicals is a new prospect for eco-friendly repellents.
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García-Seval, Víctor, Javier Saurina, Sònia Sentellas i Oscar Núñez. "Off-Line SPE LC-LRMS Polyphenolic Fingerprinting and Chemometrics to Classify and Authenticate Spanish Honey". Molecules 27, nr 22 (13.11.2022): 7812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27227812.
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The feasibility of non-targeted off-line SPE LC-LRMS polyphenolic fingerprints to address the classification and authentication of Spanish honey samples based on both botanical origin (blossom and honeydew honeys) and geographical production region was evaluated. With this aim, 136 honey samples belonging to different botanical varieties (multifloral and monofloral) obtained from different Spanish geographical regions with specific climatic conditions were analyzed. Polyphenolic compounds were extracted by off-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) using HLB (3 mL, 60 mg) cartridges. The obtained extracts were then analyzed by C18 reversed-phase LC coupled to low-resolution mass spectrometry in a hybrid quadrupole-linear ion trap mass analyzer and using electrospray in negative ionization mode. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were employed to assess the pattern recognition capabilities of the obtained fingerprints to address honey classification and authentication. In general, a good sample discrimination was accomplished by PLS-DA, being able to differentiate both blossom-honey and honeydew-honey samples according to botanical varieties. Multiclass predictions by cross-validation for the set of blossom-honey samples showed sensitivity, specificity, and classification ratios higher than 60%, 85%, and 87%, respectively. Better results were obtained for the set of honeydew-honey samples, exhibiting 100% sensitivity, specificity, and classification ratio values. The proposed fingerprints also demonstrated that they were good honey chemical descriptors to deal with climatic and geographical issues. Characteristic polyphenols of each botanical variety were tentatively identified by LC-MS/MS in multiple-reaction monitoring mode to propose possible honey markers for future experiments (i.e., naringin for orange/lemon blossom honeys, syringic acid in thyme honeys, or galangin in rosemary honeys).
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LaBudde, Robert A., i James Harnly. "Probability of Identification: A Statistical Model for the Validation of Qualitative Botanical Identification Methods". Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 95, nr 1 (1.01.2012): 273–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.11-266.
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Abstract A qualitative botanical identification method (BIM) is an analytical procedure that returns a binary result (1 = Identified, 0 = Not Identified). A BIM may be used by a buyer, manufacturer, or regulator to determine whether a botanical material being tested is the same as the target (desired) material, or whether it contains excessive nontarget (undesirable) material. The report describes the development and validation of studies for a BIM based on the proportion of replicates identified, or probability of identification (POI), as the basic observed statistic. The statistical procedures proposed for data analysis follow closely those of the probability of detection, and harmonize the statistical concepts and parameters between quantitative and qualitative method validation. Use of POI statistics also harmonizes statistical concepts for botanical, microbiological, toxin, and other analyte identification methods that produce binary results. The POI statistical model provides a tool for graphical representation of response curves for qualitative methods, reporting of descriptive statistics, and application of performance requirements. Single collaborator and multicollaborative study examples are given.
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Gašić, Uroš M., Dušanka M. Milojković-Opsenica i Živoslav Lj Tešić. "Polyphenols as Possible Markers of Botanical Origin of Honey". Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 100, nr 4 (1.07.2017): 852–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.17-0144.
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Abstract In recent years, the botanical and geographical origin of food has become an important topic in the context of food quality and safety, as well as consumer protection, in accordance with international standards. Finding chemical markers, especially phytochemicals, characteristic for some kind of food is the subject of interest of a significant number of researchers in the world. This paper is focused on the use of polyphenols as potential markers for the determination of botanical origin of honey. It includes a review of the polyphenols present in various honey samples and the methods for their separation and identification. Special emphasis in this paper is placed on the identification of honey polyphenols using advanced LC-MS techniques in order to find specific markers of botanical origin of honey. In this regard, this study gives an overview of the literature that describes the use of LC-MS techniques for the isolation and determination of honey polyphenols. This review focuses on the research performed in the past two decades.
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Jovetić, Milica, Jelena Trifković, Dalibor Stanković, Dragan Manojlović i Dušanka Milojković-Opsenica. "Mineral Content as a Tool for the Assessment of Honey Authenticity". Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 100, nr 4 (1.07.2017): 862–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.17-0145.
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Abstract The present work aims to provide a contribution to the overall investigation of European unifloral honeys with regard to authentication according to botanical and geographical origins. The mineral content of 206 monofloral honey samples of five botanical origins from six different regions in Serbia was investigated by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Chemometric techniques were applied for the classification and differentiation of acacia, sunflower, and linden honey according to botanical origin, as well as acacia honey samples according to regional origin. The highest influence on the differentiation of acacia honey samples was the presence of siderophile and chalcophile elements, whereas sunflower and linden honeys were determined by the presence of lithophile elements, indicating their origin from soil. However, due to the different bioaccumulation properties of plants, the presence of elements is not necessarily directly correlated to their presence in soil, which is confirmed by the results of the authentication of geographical origin of acacia honey.
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Drobyk, N. M., M. M. Barna, L. S. Barna, V. Z. Kurant i A. I. Herts. "ХІМІКО-БІОЛОГІЧНИЙ ФАКУЛЬТЕТ ТЕРНОПІЛЬСЬКОГО НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО ПЕДАГОГІЧНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ ІМЕНІ ВОЛОДИМИРА ГНАТЮКА: ІСТОРІЯ, СЬОГОДЕННЯ, ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ (до 80-річчя заснування)". Scientific Issue Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. Series: Biology 79, nr 1-2 (6.05.2020): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2078-2357.20.1-2.17.
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The facts and figures related to the 80-year history of formation and development of the Faculty of Chemistry and Biology of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University are provided. The main stages of foundation, development of the faculty, achievements of the teaching staff in educational and research work are highlighted.
The structural elements of the faculty are characterized: the department of botany and zoology, general biology and methods of instruction of natural sciences, chemistry and methods of its teaching, laboratory of biology and ecology “Holytskyi botany and entomology preserve of the university", agrobiological laboratory, “Educational laboratory of morphology and systematics of plants - herbarium”, educational and methodical room “Zoological Museum”, laboratory of ecobiotechnologies and basics of health, laboratory of experimental biology, Botanical Garden, within which the Biblical Botanical Garden was launched in 2019.
The following qualifications and majors are enlisted, in particular: bachelor’s degree - 014 Secondary education (Biology), 014 Secondary education (Biology and human health), 014 Secondary education (Chemistry), 014 Secondary education (Natural sciences), 202 Plant protection and quarantine; master’s degree - 014 Secondary education (Biology and human health), 014 Secondary education (Chemistry), 014 Secondary education (Natural sciences), 091 Biology, 102 Chemistry.
Considerable attention is paid to scientific work, in particular research laboratories: cytoembryology, plant physiology and microbiology, ecological biochemistry, comparative biochemistry and molecular biology, ecology and biotechnology, ecotoxicology and bioindication, chemistry of unsaturated compounds, as well as scientific and methodological center of natural sciences.
It should be emphasized that the faculty creates ample opportunities for postgraduate work, and PhD studies both TNPU-based and in other educational and scientific institutions, as well as for scientific publications in «Scientific Notes of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. Series: Biology.» (category B) and “Scientific notes of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. Series: Chemistry ".
Career counselling is an integral part of work carried out at the faculty. Prospects for further development of the faculty are outlined.