Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „BNR”
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Ngara, Tanyaradzwa R., Peiji Zeng i Houjin Zhang. "Biological Nitrogen Removal Database: A Manually Curated Data Resource". Microorganisms 10, nr 2 (12.02.2022): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020431.
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Biological nitrogen removal (BNR) technologies are the most effective approaches for the remediation of environmental nitrogen pollutants from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Presently, research is going on to elucidate the structure and function of BNR microbial communities and optimizing BNR treatment systems to enhance nitrogen removal efficiency. The literature on BNR microbial communities and experimental datasets is not unified across various repositories, while a uniform resource for the collection, annotation, and structuring of these BNR datasets is still unavailable. Herein, we present the Biological Nitrogen Removal Database (BNRdb), an integrated resource containing various manually curated BNR-related data. At present, BNRdb contains 23,308 microbial strains, 46 gene families, 24 enzymes, 18 reactions, 301 BNR treatment datasets, 860 BNR-associated next-generation sequencing datasets, and 6 common BNR bioreactor systems. BNRdb provides a user-friendly interface enabling interactive data browsing. To our knowledge, BNRdb is the first BNR data resource that systematically integrates BNR data from archaeal, bacterial, and fungal communities. We believe that BNRdb will contribute to a better understanding of BNR process and nitrogen bioremediation research.
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Aloysius, Aloysius, Anjurniza Ulfa, Anggita Kasih Fianti Situmorang, Harmileni Harmileni i Edy Fachrial. "AKTIVITAS ANTIMIKROBA BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT YANG DIISOLASI DARI MAKANAN TRADISIONAL FERMENTASI KHAS BATAK “NANIURA”". BIOLINK (Jurnal Biologi Lingkungan Industri Kesehatan) 6, nr 1 (21.05.2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/biolink.v6i1.2165.
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Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) could be isolated from various fermented food products. One potential source of LAB is traditional fermented food. The aim of the study was to isolate and investigate antimicrobial activity of LAB isolated from traditional Batak food, “naniura”. The LAB isolates were characterized by Gram staining, fermentation type and catalase test. The investigation of antimicrobial activity of LAB against pathogenic bacteria were conducted using disc diffusion method. The results showed that 6 isolates of BAL were successfully isolated namely BN1, BN2, BN3, BN4, BN5 and BN6 had characteristics of Gram positive, rod shaped and catalase negative. All selected isolate have heterofermentation type. Four isolates (BN1, BN2, BN5 and BN6) were able to inhibit S. aureus, E. coli and S. typhi with inhibition zone diameters ranging from 6,9 to 12,3 cm. Based on the result, it was concluded that LAB isolated from naniura has potential as a source of probiotics.
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Jabaji-Hare, Suha, i Stephen M. Neate. "Nonpathogenic Binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. and Benzothiadiazole Protect Cotton Seedlings Against Rhizoctonia Damping-Off and Alternaria Leaf Spot in Cotton". Phytopathology® 95, nr 9 (wrzesień 2005): 1030–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-95-1030.
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Recent reports have shown induction of resistance to Rhizoctonia root rot using nonpathogenic strains of binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. (np-BNR). This study evaluates the biocontrol ability of several np-BNR isolates against root and foliar diseases of cotton in greenhouse trials, provides evidence for induced systemic resistance (ISR) as a mechanism in this biocontrol, and compares the disease control provided by np-BNR with that provided by the chemical inducer benzothiadiazole (BTH). Pretreatment of cotton seedlings with np-BNR isolates provided good protection against pre- and post-emergence damping-off caused by a virulent strain of Rhizoctonia solani (AG-4). Seedling stand of protected cotton was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of nonprotected seedlings. Several np-BNR isolates significantly reduced disease severity. The combination of BTH and np-BNR provided significant protection against seedling rot and leaf spot in cotton; however, the degree of disease reduction was comparable to that obtained with np-BNR treatment alone. Significant reduction in leaf spot symptoms caused by Alternaria macrospora occurred on cotyledons pretreated with np-BNR or sprayed with BTH, and the np- BNR-treated seedlings had significantly less leaf spot than BTH-treated seedlings. The results demonstrate that np-BNR isolates can protect cotton from infections caused by both root and leaf pathogens and that disease control was superior to that observed with a chemical inducer.
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Khan, F. U., B. D. Nelson i T. C. Helms. "Greenhouse Evaluation of Binucleate Rhizoctonia for Control of R. solani in Soybean". Plant Disease 89, nr 4 (kwiecień 2005): 373–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-89-0373.
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Nine isolates of binucleate Rhizoctonia (BNR) from soybean were screened in the greenhouse for control of Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis groups AG-4 and AG-2-2. Eight of nine BNR isolates, when combined with AG-4 or AG-2-2, significantly increased emergence and survival of soybean (cv. Ozzie) and reduced disease severity compared with AG-4 or AG-2-2 alone. The interaction of soybean cultivar and BNR isolates in the presence of AG-4 and AG-2-2 was also studied using three isolates of BNR, BNR-4, BNR-8-2, and BNR-8-3, and seven soybean cultivars. There was no BNR × cultivar interaction. With AG-4, BNRs significantly increased emergence and survival of cultivars and reduced disease severity, whereas with AG-2-2, BNRs reduced disease severity. Control of R. solani by BNRs was achieved in both a potting soil mix and natural soil. In the initial screening experiments, two BNR isolates reduced emergence, but in all subsequent experiments using three BNR isolates alone, there were no negative effects on germination, survival, or height of soybean plants, and there was no evidence of pathogenicity. In several experiments, BNRs alone significantly increased height of plants compared with the noninoculated controls. BNRs were consistently isolated from hypocotyls and roots, indicating colonization of tissues was associated with control. These BNR isolates may have potential use in management of R. solani in soybean, but will require rigorous testing under field conditions and more extensive studies of their biology.
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Stone, Erica, Steve Walker, Rod Reardon i Coenraad Pretorius. "Troubleshooting Bnr Processes". Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2014, nr 16 (1.10.2014): 1185–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864714815940893.
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Kempton, Timothy J., i Edward Cusack. "Sustainable management of BNR biosolids". Water Science and Technology 39, nr 6 (1.03.1999): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0288.
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The sustainable management of BNR biosolids requires a holistic approach which integrates BNR liquid treatment processes, on-site sludge handling processes and off-site biosolids reuse/disposal. A market focussed biosolids reuse/disposal strategy is a key element of the sustainable management of BNR biosolids. A methodology for preparing a biosolids management strategy is presented. BNR biosolids has a number of characteristics which affect biosolids management. These include: potential for mutrient release, dewaterability, and the need for biosolids stabilisation. Current practices for sludge handling and stabilisation in Australian BNR plants are also discussed.
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Ultra, Venecio U., Danilo M. Mendoza i Angelina M. Briones. "Chemical changes under aerobic composting and nutrient supplying potential of banana residue compost". Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 20, nr 2 (czerwiec 2005): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/raf2005104.
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AbstractIn anticipation of the Philippines being a major producer of organic bananas, this study was conducted to provide a quantitative basis for certain practices in organic farming. The nutrient supplying capacity of banana residues in combination with leguminous materials and chicken manure was investigated in composting studies. Changes in the chemical composition of ten formulations of banana residue-based compost involving leguminous plants (Sesbania rostrata, Flemingia macrophylla, Arachis hypogea) and chicken manure were analyzed periodically during a composting period of 16 weeks. Results showed that combinations of banana residues (BnR) and chicken manure or leguminous plants were highly decomposed compared to untreated BnR. The use of leguminous plants and/or chicken manure enhanced the composting process significantly compared to the effect of Bioquick. The compost piles were characterized by increases in pH, total N and total P, and decreases in total K, total carbon and C/N ratio with time. Notably, BnR+chicken manure attained a C/N ratio of 15 at 4 weeks, while the BnR+leguminous materials reached such a low C/N ratio at 8–16 weeks. An incubation study was conducted under greenhouse conditions for 24 weeks. It was designed to follow the dynamics of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) availability in two clay soils (Antipolo and Lipa) amended with five compost formulations (BnR alone, BnR+Sesbania prunings, BnR+Flemingia prunings, BnR+peanut stover and BnR+chicken manure) and with uncomposted banana residue at an application rate of 20 Mg ha−1. Results showed that net N mineralization occurred in soils amended with BnR+chicken manure and BnR+leguminous materials, which had C/N ratios ranging from 12 to 16. Net N immobilization during the earlier period of incubation was observed in uncomposted and composted banana residues with a C/N ratio of 68 and 24, respectively. Significantly higher net P mineralization was obtained only in soils amended with BnR+chicken manure. An abrupt increase in exchangeable K was observed in all treatments 2 weeks after the incorporation of organic residues. Higher available K in pure BnR treatments (uncomposted or composted) exhibits the inherently high K content of banana residues.
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Wilson, A. W., P. Do i W. E. Keller. "Implementation of the biological nutrient removal program at Calgary's Bonnybrook wastewater treatment plant". Water Science and Technology 38, nr 1 (1.07.1998): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0013.
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This paper describes the biological nutrient removal (BNR) program that has been implemented in stages at Calgary's Bonnybrook wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) over the past eight years. Process design parameters and performance data for two retrofit BNR projects and one new BNR expansion project are described. These projects have made the Bonnybrook WWTP the largest cold weather, suspended growth BNR plant in the world.
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Copes, Warren E. "Spread Potential of Binucleate Rhizoctonia from Nursery Propagation Floors to Trays Containing Azalea Stem Cuttings and Sanitary Control Options". Plant Disease 99, nr 6 (czerwiec 2015): 842–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-14-0915-re.
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Binucleate Rhizoctonia sp. (BNR), the cause of web blight, can be spread on azalea stem cuttings into propagation houses, but also can be eliminated from stems by submerging cuttings in 50°C water for 21 min. The overall objective was to evaluate risk of stem cuttings in trays becoming contaminated from inoculum on polypropylene fabric and gravel floors of propagation houses by evaluating four spread aspects in separate experiments. In experiment one, BNR was recovered from 1 to 50% samples from floor areas. In experiment two, BNR survival was higher under 70% shade than full sun, with the presence of organic media than its absence, and on gravel than on fabric. In experiment three in both years, BNR was never recovered from peat in trays beside or on colonized floor materials. In experiment four, disinfestants greatly reduced BNR on ground fabric and significantly on gravel. Results show BNR persists in propagation houses, yet spread into propagation trays is very low. Results imply the importance of cleaning floor surfaces of organic matter. Disinfestants further reduce propagule survival, but may not completely eliminate BNR, especially on gravel.
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Poromarto, Susilo H., Berlin D. Nelson i Thomas P. Freeman. "Association of Binucleate Rhizoctonia with Soybean and Mechanism of Biocontrol of Rhizoctonia solani". Phytopathology® 88, nr 10 (październik 1998): 1056–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1998.88.10.1056.
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The association of binucleate Rhizoctonia (BNR) AG-K with soybean and the interaction of BNR, R. solani AG-4, and soybean seedlings were investigated to elucidate the mechanism of biocontrol of R. solani by BNR. Sixty-hour-old seedlings were inoculated and incubated in a growth chamber at 24°C; plants were examined with light microscopy and with scanning and transmission electron microscopy at various times following inoculation. BNR grew over hypocotyls, roots, and root hairs, but only colonized epidermal cells. Hyphae of BNR appeared to attach to the epidermis and, 5.5 h following inoculation, began penetrating cells by means of penetration pegs without forming distinct appressoria or infection cushions. There was evidence of cuticle degradation at the point of penetration. Infection hyphae moved to adjacent epidermal cells by direct penetration of epidermal radial walls. There were epidermal and cortical cell necrosis, beginning with the fragmentation of the tonoplast and followed by the disintegration of cytoplasm, organelles, and plasma membranes. Cell necrosis was also observed in adjacent cells where there was no evidence of BNR hyphae. Cell walls were not destroyed. After 144 h, there was noevidence of BNR hyphae in cortical cells. Attempted penetrations were observed, but papillae formed on the inside of cortical cell walls. Pre-inoculation of soybean seedlings with BNR 24 or 48 h before inoculation with R. solani (1 cm between inocula) affected the growth of R. solani on soybean tissue. There were fewer hyphae of R. solani, the hyphae branched sparingly, and infection cushions were rare when compared with hyphal growth on soybean inoculated only with R. solani. These effects were observed before the BNR hyphae began to intermingle with the hyphae of R. solani on the surface of the inoculated host. Preinoculation of soybean seedlings 24 h before inoculation with R. solani significantly (P = 0.05) reduced disease incidence and severity caused by R. solani AG-4. The lesions caused by R. solani always appeared distally, not proximally, to the BNR inoculum. The interactions of intermingling hyphae of BNR and R. solani were examined in vitro and on the surface of the host. There was no evidence of lysis, mycoparasitism, inhibition of growth, or any other form of antagonism between hyphae. The results of these studies strongly suggest that induced resistance is the mechanism of biocontrol of R. solani on soybean by BNR. The inhibition of hyphal growth of R. solani on the surface of soybean tissue preinoculated with BNR appears to be a novel characteristic of induced resistance.
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Krandeva, Anelia. "Digitizing of Bulgarian National Radio Archives". Digital Presentation and Preservation of Cultural and Scientific Heritage 4 (30.09.2014): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.55630/dipp.2014.4.36.
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The paper discusses issues connected with the audio archives digitization in the Bulgarian National Radio (BNR). It contains an overview of the audio archive digitization process, the current situation about the BNR archives, setting up a workplace for BNR digitizing of audio archives. The workplace for digitizing of audio archives manages the document creation, verification and approving the file passport, with metadata as a part from the electronic catalogue in the BNR archives phonoteque. Examples are provided to demonstrate the procedures of digitizing in details.
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Islam, AKM Aminul, NK Chowdhury, FM Era i MG Rasul. "Interrelationships Among Grain Yield and Related Traits of Candidate Restorer Lines of Brassica Napus L." Annals of Bangladesh Agriculture 24, nr 1 (8.02.2021): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/aba.v24i1.51935.
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Forty-three candidate restorer lines of Brassica napus were evaluated for 11 agronomic traits for genetic variability and interrelationships among yield traits to find out yield contributing traits. A wide range of variability and character association was observed among the lines. The line BNR-017 took the lowest time for first (26.67 days) and 100% flowering (41.00 days) whereas BNR-031 (74.33 days) and BNR-034 (74.00 days) matured earlier. The lines BNR-022 (1.07m) and BNR-026 (1.02m) were found with the shortest plant stature and all other lines were in average plant height of around 1.35m. The lines BNR-039, BNR-011, BNR-001, BNR-013 and BNR-014 were found the best performer for number of pods per plant, seeds per pod and seed yield per plant. Estimates of genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation were high (≥30%) for seed yield per plant (30.52 and 33.13, respectively). High broad sense heritability was recorded for 1000-seed weight (97.69%), days to ripening (97.12%), days to first flowering (96.80%), days to 100% flowering (95.50%) and pod length (92.74%). Significant and negative correlation was observed between seed yield per plant and number of seeds per pod, -0.217* and -0.192*, respectively both at genotypic and phenotypic level, while the highest positive and significant genotypic (0.786**) and phenotypic (0.795**) correlation were found with pod length. Path co-efficient analysis showed the highest positive and direct phenotypic effect of number of seeds per pod (1.221) on seed yield per plant while days to first flowering had the maximum negative direct effect (-0.039). The results of genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance in percent of mean, correlation co-efficient and path coefficient revealed that pods per plant, pod length, seeds per pod and 1000-seed weight could be used as selection criteria to increase seed yield in rapeseed.
Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2020) 24(1) : 51-64
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Honeycutt, E. W., i D. M. Benson. "Formulation of Binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. and Biocontrol of Rhizoctonia solani on Impatiens". Plant Disease 85, nr 12 (grudzień 2001): 1241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2001.85.12.1241.
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Isolates BNR621 and P9023 of binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. (BNR) in Pesta and rice flour formulations were evaluated for control of preemergence damping-off of impatiens caused by R. solani. Amendment of a soilless potting mix with the formulations at 0.47% (vol:vol) 3 days prior to seeding and infesting did not improve control compared to amendment 1 day prior to seeding and infesting regardless of whether the moistened amended potting mix was stored in closed plastic bags or in plug trays under a mist system. BNR fungi were no more effective in biocontrol of R. solani in formulations amended at 0.9%. Control of damping-off was comparable but not consistent between formulations of BNR fungi and the fungicide thiophanatemethyl. Damping-off was controlled better with formulations of BNR fungi than with SoilGard based on Trichoderma virens. Shelf life of Pesta and rice flour formulations at 4°C was determined by assessing viability of BNR isolates over time. Viability of the BNR isolates, measured as CFU/g of formulation, declined to approximately 68 to 79% of the original propagule concentration after 6 months in Pesta and rice flour formulations, with the greatest decline in the first 2 months. Shelf life of BNR isolates in formulation significantly affected control of preemergence damping-off but was isolate dependent. Preemergence damping-off was only 5 to 7% with fresh formulations but increased to 30 to 50% with 4-month-old formulations. Controlled atmospheres, maintained with saturated salt solutions, were established to measure the effect of water activity on shelf life of formulations. Water activities (aw) of 0.12 and 0.33 aw enhanced BNR survival in formulations by approximately 2 to 3 months compared with aw of 0.53 and 0.75 aw. Storage of Pesta and rice flour formulations at 4°C significantly improved BNR survival by 4 to 5 months compared with storage at 25°C. These results suggest that improved shelf life of BNR isolates is needed before formulated products can be developed for biocontrol of preemergence damping-off.
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Li, Yuting, Naibo Yang, Tongyu Mu, Xuehong Wu i Can Zhao. "Diversity of Mycoviruses Present in Strains of Binucleate Rhizoctonia and Multinucleate Rhizoctonia, Causal Agents for Potato Stem Canker or Black Scurf". Journal of Fungi 9, nr 2 (6.02.2023): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9020214.
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In this study, the diversity of putative mycoviruses present in 66 strains of binucleate Rhizoctonia (BNR, including anastomosis group (AG)-A, AG-Fa, AG-K, and AG-W) and 192 strains of multinucleate Rhizoctonia (MNR, including AG-1-IA, AG-2-1, AG-3 PT, AG-4HGI, AG-4HGII, AG-4HGIII, and AG-5), which are the causal agents of potato stem canker or black scurf, was studied using metatranscriptome sequencing. The number of contigs related to mycoviruses identified from BNR and MNR was 173 and 485, respectively. On average, each strain of BNR accommodated 2.62 putative mycoviruses, while each strain of MNR accommodated 2.53 putative mycoviruses. Putative mycoviruses detected in both BNR and MNR contained positive single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA), double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), and negative single-stranded RNA (-ssRNA) genomes, with +ssRNA genome being the prevalent nucleic acid type (82.08% in BNR and 75.46% in MNR). Except for 3 unclassified, 170 putative mycoviruses found in BNR belonged to 13 families; excluding 33 unclassified, 452 putative mycoviruses found in MNR belonged to 19 families. Through genome organization, multiple alignments, and phylogenetic analyses, 4 new parititviruses, 39 novel mitoviruses, and 4 new hypoviruses with nearly whole genome were detected in the 258 strains of BNR and MNR.
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Ogunlaja, Olumuyiwa O., i Wayne J. Parker. "Modeling the biotransformation of trimethoprim in biological nutrient removal system". Water Science and Technology 2017, nr 1 (1.03.2018): 144–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.098.
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Abstract A pilot scale biological nutrient removal (BNR) process, batch experiments and modeling exercises were employed to investigate the removal and biotransformation of trimethoprim (TMP) in a BNR activated sludge process. The concentrations of the active microbial groups – ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ordinary heterotrophic organisms (OHOs) and polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) – in the BNR bioreactor were quantified through modeling of the pilot bioreactor. The overall TMP removal efficiency for the pilot BNR process was 64 ± 14% while the TMP biotransformation efficiencies in the anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic zones were 22 ± 20%, 27 ± 8% and 36 ± 5% respectively. Batch tests with and without nitrification inhibition showed that AOB played a role in the biotransformation of TMP in BNR activated sludge. A pseudo first order model which incorporated the contributions of PAOs, OHOs and AOB to the overall biodegradation of TMP was found to describe the biodegradation of TMP in batch tests with and without nitrification inhibition. This model showed that PAOs, OHOs and AOB contributed towards the biotransformation of TMP in aerobic BNR activated sludge with the biotransformation rate constants following the trend of kAOB > kOHOs > kPAOs.
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McClintock, S. A., V. M. Pattarkine i C. W. Randall. "Comparison of Yields and Decay Rates for a Biological Nutrient Removal Process and a Conventional Activated Sludge Process". Water Science and Technology 26, nr 9-11 (1.11.1992): 2195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0695.
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Two pilot-scale activated sludge reactors, one VIP (named after Virginia Initiative Plant) biological nutrient removal (BNR) process and one conventional, fully aerobic process, were operated over a range of solids retention times (SRT's) and under the same conditions so that growth yields and specific decay rates could be evaluated and compared. True growth yields (Y's) for the BNR and the conventional processes were equal and were 0.41 gVSS/gCOD. The specific decay rate, b, for the BNR process, 0.063 d, was lower than in the fully aerobic process, 0.110 d-1, indicating that decay occurs at a much lower rate in the anoxic and anaerobic zones of the BNR process.
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Barnard, James L., Mark Steichen i Derek Cambridge. "HYDRAULICS IN BNR PLANTS". Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2004, nr 16 (1.01.2004): 216–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864704784147241.
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Xue, L., P. M. Charest i S. H. Jabaji-Hare. "Systemic Induction of Peroxidases, 1,3-β-Glucanases, Chitinases, and Resistance in Bean Plants by Binucleate Rhizoctonia Species". Phytopathology® 88, nr 4 (kwiecień 1998): 359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1998.88.4.359.
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Inoculation of bean hypocotyls with a nonpathogenic binucleate Rhizoctonia (BNR) species induced systemic resistance and protection of the roots and cotyledons to later challenge with the root rot pathogen Rhizoctonia solani or the anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Bean seedlings that were treated with BNR 48 h prior to their challenge with R. solani or C. lindemuthianum had few necrotic lesions and reduced disease severity as compared with seedlings not treated with BNR. Treatment with BNR 48 h prior to their challenge also elicited a significant and systemic increase in all cellular fractions of peroxidases, 1,3-β-glucanases, and chitinases compared with the diseased and control plants. Compared with control plants, total peroxidases and glucanases increased twofold and eightfold, respectively, in all protected bean tissues. BNR 232-CG could not be recovered from the challenged hypocotyls or cotyledons, indicating that there was no contact between the inducer and the pathogen. Both the 1,3-β-glucanases and the peroxidases were positively correlated with induced resistance.
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Adawiyah, Robiatul, i Suteki Suteki. "The Settlement of Match-Fixing Cases in Indonesia Based on Progressive Law Enforcement". Wacana Hukum 26, nr 2 (25.08.2020): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33061/1.wh.2020.26.2.3795.
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Fair play in soccer matches is injured by match-fixing case. So far, form of law enforcement in Indonesia is limited to disciplinary law enforcement. Indonesia is again shocked by match-fixing case in League 3 match in Banjarnegara. Therefore settlement of this is very important to be studied with progressive law enforcement approach. There are two questions that can be raised, namely how the settlement of match-fixing cases and how it based on progressive law enforcement. The research method used is normative. The results showed there are 6 cases with 7 perpetrators, namely Case Number 47/Pid.Sus/2019/PN BNR jo. Number 48/Pid.Sus/2019/PN BNR jo. Number 49/Pid.Sus/2019/PN BNR jo. Number 50/Pid.Sus/2019/PN BNR jo. Number 51/Pid.Sus/2019/PN BNR jo. Number 463/Pid.B/2019/PN JKT.SEL. Although law enforcement has shown progressiveness with success that offenders be punished, settlement of the case still far from expectation of progressive law enforcement that able to provide substantive justice and people's happiness.
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Randall, C. W., i E. Ubay Cokgor. "Performance and economics of BNR Plants in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed, USA". Water Science and Technology 41, nr 9 (1.05.2000): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0160.
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The performance and economics of four recently constructed or modified BNR municipal wastewater treatment plants located in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed, USA were evaluated, and compared to a treatment plant implementing chemical phosphorus removal and complete nitrification. Phosphorus removal has been very reliable to effluent concentrations below 0.5 mg/L without chemical addition or effluent filtration at BNR plants that have been operating for more than two years. Significant variation was observed in the wastewater characteristics, and this has affected biological phosphorus removal. Chemical precipitation effluent TP concentrations have averaged less than 0.1 mg/L.The small BNR plant was clearly the most costly to operate per 1000 m3/d of flow, which illustrates economy of scale. The chemical precipitation plant was generally more expensive to operate than the large BNR plants.
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Dascălu, L., Şt Creangă, I. Borş, Elena Ruginosu i Alina Narcisa Postolache. "Preliminary Researches Regarding the Conservation of Endangered Local Cattle to be Abandoned and the Achieving of Meat Hybrids Throughout the Hybridization with Romanian Breeds". Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 47, nr 3 (1.09.2014): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cerce-2014-0031.
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Abstract Studies were performed on first generation meat hybrids, from the Bălţată cu Negru Românească (BNR) dairy cattle, into four experimental groups of five animals /group, in relation to meat bulls breeds from which the frozen semen material used for cows artificial insemination, respectively: Group E1- Limousine (Li), E2 - Aberdeen Angus (AA), E3 - Blue Blanch Belgian (BBB) and E4 - Charolaise (CH). The hybrids obtained from the experimental groups were observed in terms of dynamic growth and development through biometric measurements and periodic weightings 3 months intervals until 12 months of age. Average Daily Gain (ADG) recorded different variations in report to age and breed: at six months old, between 418.52 ± 60.97 g (Group E3 -BBB) and 486.67 ± 108.66 g (Group E2 - AA), at 12 months old, between 997.22 g (Group E2 - AA) and 1311.11 g (Group E3 -BBB). Slaughter rate at 12 months showed variations in relation to breed and thermal regime, so in hot regime the values ranged between 56.62 % (BNR x AA) and 60.60 % (BNR x BBB) and in cold regime (to 24 hours) between 55.68 % (BNR x AA) and 59.73 % (BNR x BBB). Carcasses development indicators had values in most cases in favor of BNR x AA hybrids than BNR x BBB hybrids, with significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) regarding the width index (201.43 cm to 175.84 cm) and pulp development index (129.27 cm to 110.64 cm). From results analysis it can be concluded that in dangered local cattle, to be abandoned because of productive reform or not relevant point of view of milk production can be used in first generation for hybridization with meat breeds in obtaining meat hybrids with morphological features, slaughter rate and carcass structure from superior quality categories than the maternal breed.
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Ramphao, M. C., M. C. Wentzel, G. A. Ekama i W. V. Alexander. "A comparison of BNR activated sludge systems with membrane and settling tank solid–liquid separation". Water Science and Technology 53, nr 12 (1.06.2006): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.432.
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Installing membranes for solid–liquid separation into biological nutrient removal (BNR) activated sludge (AS) systems makes a profound difference not only to the design of the membrane bio-reactor (MBR) BNR system itself, but also to the design approach for the whole wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). In multi-zone BNR systems with membranes in the aerobic reactor and fixed volumes for the anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic zones (i.e. fixed volume fractions), the mass fractions can be controlled (within a range) with the inter-reactor recycle ratios. This zone mass fraction flexibility is a significant advantage of MBR BNR systems over BNR systems with secondary settling tanks (SSTs), because it allows changing the mass fractions to optimise biological N and P removal in conformity with influent wastewater characteristics and the effluent N and P concentrations required. For PWWF/ADWF ratios (fq) in the upper range (fq∼2.0), aerobic mass fractions in the lower range (fmaer<0.60) and high (usually raw) wastewater strengths, the indicated mode of operation of MBR BNR systems is as extended aeration WWTPs (no primary settling and long sludge age). However, the volume reduction compared with equivalent BNR systems with SSTs will not be large (40–60%), but the cost of the membranes can be offset against sludge thickening and stabilisation costs. Moving from a flow unbalanced raw wastewater system to a flow balanced (fq=1) low (usually settled) wastewater strength system can double the ADWF capacity of the biological reactor, but the design approach of the WWTP changes away from extended aeration to include primary sludge stabilisation. The cost of primary sludge treatment then has to be offset against the savings of the increased WWTP capacity.
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Wen, Kui, Philippe Seguin, Marc St.-Arnaud i Suha Jabaji-Hare. "Real-Time Quantitative RT-PCR of Defense-Associated Gene Transcripts of Rhizoctonia solani-Infected Bean Seedlings in Response to Inoculation with a Nonpathogenic Binucleate Rhizoctonia Isolate". Phytopathology® 95, nr 4 (kwiecień 2005): 345–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-95-0345.
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Certain isolates of nonpathogenic binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. (np-BNR) are effective biocontrol agents against seedling root rot and damping-off. Inoculation of bean seed with np-BNR strain 232-CG at sowing reduced disease symptoms in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seedlings caused by R. solani. Molecular analyses of the spatial expression of three defense-associated genes were carried out using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) assays. This method allowed accurate quantitative evaluation of transcript levels of pG101 encoding for 1,3-β-D-glucanase, gPAL1 encoding for phenylalanine ammonia lyase, and CHS17 encoding for chalcone synthase in 1- and 2-week-old bean seedlings that were inoculated simultaneously with np-BNR and infected with R. solani, and in seedlings that were singly inoculated with either fungi or not inoculated. In the seedlings that were infected with R. solani only, results revealed that, following infection, activation of all defense-associated gene transcripts was achieved with significant increases ranging from 7- to 40-fold greater than the control, depending on the defense gene and tissue analyzed. Seedlings that were treated with np-BNR and infected with R. solani had expression similar to those that were treated with np-BNR only, but the levels were significantly down-regulated compared with those that were infected with R. solani only. These findings indicate that disease suppression by np-BNR isolate is not correlated to pG101, gPAL1, and CHS17 gene activation.
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Randall, C. W., V. M. Pattarkine i S. A. McClintock. "Nitrification Kinetics in Single-Sludge Biological Nutrient Removal Activated Sludge Systems". Water Science and Technology 25, nr 6 (1.03.1992): 195–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0123.
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Nitrification kinetics as a function of mixed liquor temperature were compared for a conventional fully-aerobic activated sludge system and a system accomplishing biological nutrient removal (BNR) by incorporation of anaerobic and anoxic zones using the UCT configuration. The systems treated the same municipal wastewater and both had flow rates of 151 L/day. The nitrification rates were greater in the nutrient removal system compared to the conventional system as long as the aerobic MCRT was above the minimum for complete nitrification. It was concluded that BNR systems require less aerobic volume than fully aerobic systems to accomplish nitrification because the aerobic biomass concentration is greater in the BNR systems, particularly if the UCT configuration is used. Nonetheless, BNR systems require more total volume to accomplish complete nitrification than fully aerobic systems, and the volume differential increases as mixed liquor temperatures decrease.
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Zhang, Yi, Weiwei Ju, Tongwei Li i Haisheng Li. "Band engineering of borophene superlattice based on zigzag nanoribbons: A DFT study". Modern Physics Letters B 34, nr 32 (3.08.2020): 2050359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984920503595.
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By performing density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we demonstrate that periodically repeating heterostructures of zigzag borophene nanoribbons (BNR) of different widths can form stable borophene superlattice (BSL). The energy band structures of BSL can be modulated through modifying the width and length of the segments. A metal-semiconductor transition can be obtained when the length of each segment is lengthened, whereas, the magnetism of BSL is influenced by the width of the segments. In those magnetic systems, the magnetic moments are mainly localized on protruding B atoms located at the edge, while no magnetic moments occur in the center B atoms. The hydrogenated BNR and BSL are further investigated. The hydrogenation can modify the electronic properties of BNR and BSL as well as quench the magnetism. All hydrogenated BNR and BSL are non-magnetic. Our results indicate that great potential exists in these systems for borophene utilization in nanoelectronics and spintronics.
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Salamah, Sultan, i Andrew Randall. "Optimization of Hetrotrophic Denitrification Using Glycerol as a Sustainable External Carbon Substrate". Proceedings 48, nr 1 (12.11.2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecws-4-06435.
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Nutrients’ removal from residential and industrial wastewaters is essential for environmental and public health protection. Removal of nutrients from wastewater can be achieved chemically or biologically. Biological nutrient removal (BNR) uses a series of anaerobic, anoxic, and aerobic zones to provide conditions for the biomass to uptake the nitrogen and phosphorus species and comes in different configurations such as A/O, A2O, and five-stage BardenphoTM. However, BNR systems require a sufficient carbon source which most wastewaters lack. The goal of this study is to use a sustainable carbon source to optimize the five-stage BardenphoTM BNR systems and reduce the chemical cost. The experiments were carried out using two five-stage BardenphoTM BNR systems coupled with side-stream prefermenters. Glycerol, a biodiesel by-product, was used as a sustainable carbon source by direct addition or after fermentation. The results from both systems were beneficial to the BNR system and resulted in similar effluent quality. Both systems achieved complete denitrification and excellent phosphorus removal (82–89%). Co-fermentation of glycerol and primary solids resulted in a significant increase in the volatile fatty acid (VFA) loading beyond the estimated results, but did not correlate to better behavior between the two pilots since both systems achieved complete denitrification.
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Hwang, J., i D. M. Benson. "Biocontrol of Rhizoctonia Stem and Root Rot of Poinsettia with Burkholderia cepacia and Binucleate Rhizoctonia". Plant Disease 86, nr 1 (styczeń 2002): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.1.47.
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Strategies for applying Burkholderia cepacia (strain 5.5B) and Pesta formulations of binucleate Rhizoctonia (BNR) isolates (BNR621 and P9023) were evaluated for biocontrol of Rhizoctonia stem and root rot of poinsettia caused by R. solani. During propagation, one application of B. cepacia suppressed stem rot, while application of either isolate of BNR did not. In contrast, after transplanting rooted poinsettias, one application of either BNR isolate was more effective for suppression of stem and root rot than application of B. cepacia. Sequential application of B. cepacia at propagation followed by a BNR isolate at transplanting was more effective over the crop production cycle than multiple applications of one biocontrol agent or combination application of both biocontrol agents. Root colonization by both biocontrol agents after transplanting rooted poinsettias was affected by application strategy. The least root colonization by both biocontrol agents occurred in the combination application. The highest root colonization by the BNR isolates was observed in the sequential application that provided the most effective disease control. Application of different biocontrol agents during the different production phases of poinsettia was effective for disease control, but understanding the interaction between biocontrol agents and root colonization was important to develop the best application strategy.
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Herr, Leonard J. "Relationship of binucleate Rhizoctonia isolates used for biocontrol of rhizoctonia crown rot of sugar beet to anastomosis systems". Canadian Journal of Microbiology 37, nr 5 (1.05.1991): 339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m91-055.
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The relationships of 10 binucleate Rhizoctonia isolates used as biocontrol agents of rhizoctonia crown and root rot of sugar beet in Ohio to described binucleate Rhizoctonia anastomosis systems were investigated. Ten Ohio binucleate Rhizoctonia (Ohio BNR) isolates, paired in all combinations, cross anastomosed with one another, indicating that all belong to the same anastomosis group. Four representative Ohio BNR isolates failed to anastomose with any tester isolates of the Ceratobasidium anastomosis grouping system, indicating that none belong in that system. However, all 10 Ohio BNR isolates anastomosed with an AG-B (o) tester isolate (binucleate Rhizoctonia anastomosis grouping system), indicating that the Ohio agents belong in this anastomosis grouping system and to the (o) intraspecific group of AG-B. None of the Ohio BNR isolates anastomosed with either of the other two intraspecific group tester isolates (AG-Ba, AG-Bb) of the AG-B group. Moreover, the AG-B intraspecific group tester isolates, AG-Ba, AG-Bb, AG-B (o), self-anastomosed but did not cross anastomose with one another. Variations in cultural characteristics noted among the 10 Ohio BNR isolates indicated that considerable heterogeneity exists within these AG-B (o) isolates. Key words: binucleate Rhizoctonia, anastomosis, rhizoctonia crown rot, sugar beet.
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Sheping, Wang, Yu Lifang, Han Guanghui, Zhu Hairong i Peng Dangcong. "A pilot study on a step-feeding anoxic/oxic activated sludge system". Water Science and Technology 53, nr 9 (1.04.2006): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.283.
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A four stage pilot plant of step-feed biological nutrient removal (BNR) was employed to investigate reactor performance and process stability. The results obtained showed that step-feed BNR is efficient and cost-effective for nitrogen and carbonaceous removal from municipal wastewater. The total average removal efficiencies of COD, NH3-N, TN and TP could reach as high as 89.5, 97.8, 73 and 75%, respectively, with 50% of return activated sludge (RAS), 9 h of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and 20 d of sludge retention time (SRT). Step-feed BNR is an alternative and effective technology of nutrient removal for municipal wastewater treatment.
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Pistello, Mauro, Donatella Matteucci, Simone Giannecchini, Francesca Bonci, Olimpia Sichi, Silvano Presciuttini i Mauro Bendinelli. "Evolution of Two Amino Acid Positions Governing Broad Neutralization Resistance in a Strain of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus over 7 Years of Persistence in Cats". Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 10, nr 6 (listopad 2003): 1109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.10.6.1109-1116.2003.
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ABSTRACT Fresh isolates of lentiviruses are characterized by an outstanding resistance to antibody-mediated neutralization. By investigating the changes that occurred in a neutralization-sensitive tissue culture-adapted strain of feline immunodeficiency virus after it was reinoculated into cats, a previous study had identified two amino acid positions of the surface glycoprotein (residues 481 and 557) which govern broad neutralization resistance (BNR) in this virus. By extending the follow-up of six independently evolving in vivo variants of such virus for up to 92 months, we now show that the changes at the two BNR-governing positions not only were remarkably stereotyped but also became fixed in an ordered sequential fashion with the duration of in vivo infection. In one variant, the two positions were also seen to slowly alternate at determining BNR. Evidence that evolution at the BNR-governing positions was accompanied, and possibly driven, by changes in the antigenic makeup of the viral surface brought about by the mutations at such positions is also presented.
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Bukhres, Omran, Jiansan Chen i Rob Pezzoli. "An InterBase system at BNR". ACM SIGMOD Record 22, nr 2 (czerwiec 1993): 426–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/170036.170113.
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Conesa, Agustin E., Michael Schober i Peter Snow. "Springettsbury Township BNR Pilot Program". Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2005, nr 8 (1.01.2005): 7383–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864705783858882.
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Yun, Z., W. Yo, Y. Yi, S. Choi, E. Choi i K. Min. "Effects of sludge settling characteristics in the BNR system". Water Science and Technology 42, nr 3-4 (1.08.2000): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0392.
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Although the BNR system design assumes no sludge settling problems in the final settling tank, the fluctuation of daily loading and up to 40% of anaerobiosis in the BNR system would be considerable factors in determining the sludge settleability. The sludge volume index (SVI) is a classical parameter to examine the sludge settleability but it has a limited value to evaluate the overall settling characteristics. The extracellular polymer (ECP) content in sludge has long been considered as an indicator of biological flocculation in activated sludge process, but the skepticism on analytical accuracy limits the usage in settling study. This study focused on evaluating the BNR system performance related to the sludge settling characteristics under the controlled laboratory environment. A 5-stage BNR system (anaerobic-anoxic-3 stage oxic) was operated with the HRTs from 3.9 to 7.6 hours. In order to determine the sludge settling properties, both SVI and ECP content were monitored. The ECP contents in the sludge sample were measured by the slime-washing step followed by high-G centrifugation and sonication. The gel-electrophoresis was used to detect the DNA in the sonicated samples to determine the intracellular polymer contamination. It has been found that the anaerobiosis in the anaerobic and anoxic zone that consisted of 37% of reactor volume could not deteriorate the sludge settling properties even at the HRT of 3.9 hours. The SVI values of sludge taken from the reactor with the HRT of 7.2 hours averaged to less than 50 mL/gr. It was postulated that a fast settling sludge in the BNR system could not always ensure production of clear effluent. The sludge with very low SVI might not achieve a complete biological flocculation potential. In addition, the degree of denitrification in the BNR system could be related to the sludge settleability.
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Lingner, Heidrun, Ines Aumann, Margarethe Wacker, Michael Kreuter, Reiner Leidl, J. Matthias von der Schulenburg i Tobias Welte. "Gesundheitswissenschaftliche Forschung mit primärärztlichen Routinedaten der elektronischen Patientenakte: das BeoNet-Register". Das Gesundheitswesen 80, nr 11 (11.07.2017): 1026–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-108544.
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ZusammenfassungEntscheidungen im Gesundheitswesen sollten sich auf verlässliche und aktuelle Daten stützen. Da solche Daten besonders aus dem ambulanten Sektor kaum vorhanden und/oder nur schwer und zeitverzögert zugänglich sind, soll das neu eingerichtete BeoNet-Register (BNR) die medizinische Versorgungsrealität und -qualität des ambulanten Sektors mithilfe von Routinedaten aus der elektronischen Patientenakte (eP) abbilden. Diese „real-world“-Daten sollen mit Primärerhebungen verknüpft eine breite Datenbasis zur Beantwortung von Fragen der Praxis, der Versorgungsforschung und Ökonomie bilden. Interessierte Praxisinhaber verpflichten sich zu einer längerfristigen Teilnahme an dem 2-phasigen Projekt (Pilot- und Roll-Out-Phase). Informationen der eP der Praxen werden pseudonymisiert, verschlüsselt und über standardisierte Schnittstellen zeitnah, vollständig und longitudinal in die Datenbank (DB) des BNR übertragen, ohne den Praxisbetrieb zu stören. Dafür wird die Behandlungsdatentransfer-Schnittstelle (BDT) als gemeinsamer Nenner unterschiedlicher Arztinformationssysteme genutzt. Die kompilierten Variablen beinhalten Informationen zur Praxis, Stammdaten des Patienten und medizinische Parameter inklusive Angaben zu Diagnose, Therapie und Überweisungen. Ergänzt werden sie durch zusätzliche erhobene ‚patient-reported outcomes‘. Datenerhebung und Datenschutz unterliegen strengen Anforderungen, die im Rahmen des Datenschutzkonzeptes und des Ethikantrages festgelegt und für alle Forscher bindend sind. Retrospektive Auswertungen seit der Einführung der eP sowie Analysen des aktuellen Erkrankungsspektrums des hausärztlichen, pneumologischen und pädiatrischen ambulanten Sektors sind möglich. Derzeit befinden sich 98 497 Patienten-IDs aus Hannover, München und Heidelberg nebst zugehörigen Informationen in der BNR- DB. Die BNR-Daten sind umfangreicher und detaillierter als die Abrechnungsdaten der Krankenkassen. (Semi-) automatisierte Daten- Prüfroutinen und regelmäßige Feedback-Berichte sowie Datenanalysen sind implementiert und werden kontinuierlich erweitert. Während der Pilotphase wurden 2 Anwendungsbeispiele des BNR erarbeitet. Hier wird das COPD-Projekt vorgestellt, dass die Inanspruchnahme von medizinischen Leistungen in Verbindung mit der Lebensqualität Betroffener analysiert. Die Roll-Out-Phase des Projektes startet 2016. Die Datenbasis des BNR für retro- und prospektive Querschnitts- und Längsschnittstudien wird Deutschlandweit und fortlaufend ausgeweitet.
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Zhang, Quan, Xijun Xu, Xu Zhou i Chuan Chen. "Recent Advances in Autotrophic Biological Nitrogen Removal for Low Carbon Wastewater: A Review". Water 14, nr 7 (30.03.2022): 1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14071101.
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Due to carbon source dependence, conventional biological nitrogen removal (BNR) processes based on heterotrophic denitrification are suffering from great bottlenecks. The autotrophic BNR process represented by sulfur-driven autotrophic denitrification (SDAD) and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) provides a viable alternative for addressing low carbon wastewater. Whether for low carbon municipal wastewater or industrial wastewater with high nitrogen, the SDAD and anammox process can be suitably positioned accordingly. Herein, the recent advances and challenges to autotrophic BNR process guided by SDAD and anammox are systematically reviewed. Specifically, the present applications and crucial operation factors were discussed in detail. Besides, the microscopic interpretation of the process was deepened in the viewpoint of functional microbial species and their physiological characteristics. Furthermore, the current limitations and some future research priorities over the applications were identified and discussed from multiple perspectives. The obtained knowledge would provide insights into the application and optimization of the autotrophic BNR process, which will contribute to the establishment of a new generation of efficient and energy-saving wastewater nitrogen removal systems.
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Yun, Z., G. H. Yun, H. S. Lee i T. U. Yoo. "The variation of volatile fatty acid compositions in sewer length, and its effect on the process design of biological nutrient removal". Water Science and Technology 67, nr 12 (1.06.2013): 2753–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.192.
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The potential of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) in biological nutrient removal (BNR) systems critically depends on the availability and types of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in sewage. Although the characteristics of VFAs in sewage are strongly related with the biochemical transformations in the sewer system, they have not been studied thoroughly in terms of BNR process design. We have investigated the characteristics of VFAs in influent of nine sewage treatment plants which represent typical small to very large sewer systems in Korea. We found that influent total VFACOD (VFA as chemical oxygen demand) concentrations ranged from 20.4 to 65.2 mg/L. Acetic acid was a predominant VFA in sewage, and the propionic acid (HPr) portion averaged 38.7% of total VFACOD. However the sewage from longer sewer systems showed more HPr content, indicating that type of VFA varied with the total sewer length. The finding is a particularly important consideration for BNR process design since availability of HPr positively behaved to suppress the unfavorable growth of glycogen-accumulating organisms. The implication of these findings for BNR process design is discussed in this paper.
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Ogunlaja, O. O., i W. J. Parker. "Impact of activated sludge process configuration on removal of micropollutants and estrogenicity". Water Science and Technology 72, nr 2 (5.05.2015): 277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.213.
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The efficacy of three different wastewater treatment configurations, conventional activated sludge (CAS), nitrifying activated sludge (NAS) and biological nutrient removal (BNR) for removal of selected micropollutants from authentic wastewater was investigated. The processes were also characterized based on their proficiency to reduce the estrogenic activity of the influent wastewater using the in vitro recombinant yeast assay. The removal efficiency of trimethoprim improved with the complexity of the three treatment process configurations. Ibuprofen, androstendione, sulfamethoxazole, nonyl-phenol, estrone and bisphenol-A had moderate to high removals (>65%) while carbamazepine and meprobamate remained recalcitrant in the three treatment process configurations. The removal of gemfibrozil was better in the NAS than in BNR and CAS treatment configurations. The yeast estrogen screen (YES) assay analyses showed an improvement in estrogenicity removal in the BNR and NAS treatment configurations as compared to the CAS treatment configuration. Comparing the estrogenic responses from the three treatment configurations, the removal efficiencies followed the order of BNR = NAS > CAS and all were greater than 81%.
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Haryuni, Haryuni, Andre Fahriz Perdana Harahap, Supartini, Achmadi Priyatmojo i Misri Gozan. "The Effects of Biopesticide and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vanillae on the Nutrient Content of Binucleate Rhizoctonia-Induced Vanilla Plant". International Journal of Agronomy 2020 (28.04.2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5092893.
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Binucleate Rhizoctonia (BNR) fungi are essential for the germination of vanilla seeds. Chemical control of the soil-borne pathogen might adversely affect BNR. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of Nicotiana tabacum extract biopesticides and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vanillae (Fusarium) on vanilla plant nutrient content induced by BNR. Materials and Methods. The research design was completely randomized design with two factors and three replications. The first factor was biopesticide (dosage of 0, 10, 20, and 30 ml/seedling), and the second factor was the application of Fusarium. Results. The increase in the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of vanilla was affected by biopesticides and Fusarium inoculation. Fusarium inoculation has no significant effect on nitrogen and phosphorus levels but significantly affects potassium levels. The biopesticide dosage is significant for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The interaction of biopesticides with Fusarium inoculation did not significantly affect the parameters of nitrogen and phosphorus content, but significantly affected potassium content. Conclusion. The application of biopesticides and Fusarium inoculation after induction of BNR can increase nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of vanilla plants.
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Wong, Eng Cheong, Ying Hui Ong i Yee Sern Ng. "Establishment of Biological Nitrogen Removal Process for Drinking Water Treatment in Malaysia". Research Communication in Engineering Science & Technology 4 (18.05.2020): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22597/rcest.v4.80.
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Eutrophication arises from human activities has been recognized globally as an environmental issue. Human activities have greatly increased the input of phosphorus and nitrogen into the water bodies which place a heavy pressure on clean water resources. There are limitations in the conventional water treatment processes, where phosphorus and nitrogen could not be removed efficiently. For nitrogen removal, biological method emerges as a sustainable and economically feasible alternative in recent years. Though the biological nitrogen removal (BNR) method is widely recognized in developed countries with temperate climate, knowledge and expertise on the application of this treatment process is relatively limited in developing countries, so as Malaysia in tropical region. Thus, this research aims to provide a preliminary view on the establishment of the BNR process for drinking water treatment in the local context. A lab scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) seeded with fish pond sludge and activated sludge in the volume ratio of 1:1 was operated for the BNR process. After four weeks of sludge cultivation, the characteristic of simultaneous nitrification-denitrification was observed. The removal of total nitrogen (TN) was found exceeding 60% and little nitrate-nitrogen (NO3̄-N) concentration was observed at the end of the process. Besides, the reduction in orthophosphate (PO43--P) concentration in a BNR system has indicated the process was able to perform nitrogen and phosphorus removal simultaneously. These findings suggest that the establishment of BNR is feasible in Malaysia.
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Krandeva, Anelia, i Anton Mitov. "Web Based System of BNR Archive First Stage: Multimedia Web Portal of the BNR Archive". Digital Presentation and Preservation of Cultural and Scientific Heritage 7 (10.09.2017): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.55630/dipp.2017.7.27.
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Ribeiro, Renato P., Rodrigo F. Bueno, Roque P. Piveli, Débora C. Kligerman, William Z. de Mello i Jaime L. M. Oliveira. "The response of nitrous oxide emissions to different operating conditions in activated sludge wastewater treatment plants in Southeastern Brazil". Water Science and Technology 76, nr 9 (6.07.2017): 2337–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.399.
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Abstract The continuous measurements of N2O emissions from the aeration tanks of three activated sludge wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) operated with biological nitrogen removal (BNR) and non-BNR were performed during the different operating conditions of several parameters, such as aeration, dissolved oxygen (DO) profiling and organic shock loading (with landfill leachate). The nitrification process is the main driving force behind N2O emission peaks. There are indications that the variation of the air flow rate influenced N2O emissions; high N2O emissions denote over-aeration conditions or incomplete nitrification, with accumulation of NO2− concentrations. Thus, continuous measurements of N2O emissions can provide information on aeration adequacy and the efficiency of complete nitrification, with major focus on DO control, in order to reduce N2O emissions. An additional concern is the observed propensity of WWTPs in developing countries to receive landfill leachates in their wastewater systems. This practice could have adverse effects on climate change, since wastewater treatment during periods of organic shock loading emitted significantly higher amounts of N2O than without organic shock loading. In short, non-BNR WWTPs are subject to high N2O emissions, in contrast to BNR WWTP with controlled nitrification and denitrification processes.
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Sang, Eun Lee, Soo Kim Kwang, Hwan Ahn Jae i Whoe Kim Chang. "Comparison of phosphorus removal characteristics between various biological nutrient removal processes". Water Science and Technology 36, nr 12 (1.12.1997): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0431.
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Bench scale experiments were carried out with four biological nutrient removal(BNR) units, A/O, A2/O, Phostrip and P/L units, to investigate the behavior of phosphorus in the system and to compare the characteristics of phosphorus removal in four experimental BNR units. The influent COD/T-P ratio was varied from 22 to 64 by changing COD concentration while maintaining phosphorus concentration constant. In general sidestream BNR units such as Phostrip and P/L units outperformed mainstream BNR units such as A/O and A2/O units in terms of phosphorus removal. While phosphorus release and uptake in A/O and A2/O units became less significant at low influent COD/T-P, the phosphorus release in A2/O unit was further influenced by nitrate in return sludge and thus A2/O unit required even higher influent COD/T-P ratio for luxury uptake of phosphorus. The luxury uptake of phosphorus in Phostrip and P/L units were not affected by influent COD/T-P ratio and the adverse effect of nitrate in return sludge on anaerobic phosphorus release in P/L process was not significant due to the sludge blanket in P-stripper.
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Yang, Y. G., C. Zhao, Z. J. Guo i X. H. Wu. "Characterization of a New Anastomosis Group (AG-W) of Binucleate Rhizoctonia, Causal Agent for Potato Stem Canker". Plant Disease 99, nr 12 (grudzień 2015): 1757–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-15-0036-re.
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Two binucleate Rhizoctonia (BNR) isolates were recovered from potato cankered stems in Heilongjiang Province, northeastern China. Their cultural appearance on potato dextrose agar remained whitish as the cultures aged. White monilioid cells formed in the fluffy aerial hyphae, whereas no sclerotia appeared during the incubation. The two isolates could anastomose with each other, but they failed to anastomose with reference strains of BNR from AG-A to AG-Q, and AG-U. Analyses of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA (rDNA-ITS) regions confirmed that these two isolates differed from the reference strains. The phylogenetic tree based on the sequences of rDNA-ITS regions showed that they were located in a distinct clade from other BNR AGs. These collective results suggested that the isolates recovered from potato in this study belonged to a new BNR AG designated as AG-W. Pathogenicity tests under glasshouse conditions revealed that both isolates were able to cause brown, dry, and slightly sunken lesions on potato subterranean stems. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the AG-W causing potato disease in China as well as worldwide.
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Muzhinji, N., M. Truter, J. W. Woodhall i J. E. van der Waals. "Anastomosis Groups and Pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani and Binucleate Rhizoctonia from Potato in South Africa". Plant Disease 99, nr 12 (grudzień 2015): 1790–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-15-0236-re.
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A survey of anastomosis groups (AG) of Rhizoctonia spp. associated with potato diseases was conducted in South Africa. In total, 112 Rhizoctonia solani and 19 binucleate Rhizoctonia (BNR) isolates were recovered from diseased potato plants, characterized for AG and pathogenicity. The AG identity of the isolates was confirmed using phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA. R. solani isolates recovered belonged to AG 3-PT, AG 2-2IIIB, AG 4HG-I, AG 4HG-III, and AG 5, while BNR isolates belonged to AG A and AG R, with frequencies of 74, 6.1, 2.3, 2.3, 0.8, 12.2, and 2.3%, respectively. R. solani AG 3-PT was the most predominant AG and occurred in all the potato-growing regions sampled, whereas the other AG occurred in distinct locations. Different AG grouped into distinct clades, with high maximum parsimony and maximum-likelihood bootstrap support for both R. solani and BNR. An experiment under greenhouse conditions with representative isolates from different AG showed differences in aggressiveness between and within AG. Isolates of AG 2-2IIIB, AG 4HG-III, and AG R were the most aggressive in causing stem canker while AG 3-PT, AG 5, and AG R caused black scurf. This is the first comprehensive survey of R. solani and BNR on potato in South Africa using a molecular-based approach. This is the first report of R. solani AG 2-2IIIB and AG 4 HG-I causing stem and stolon canker and BNR AG A and AG R causing stem canker and black scurf on potato in South Africa.
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Choi, E., H. S. Lee, J. W. Lee i S. W. Oa. "Another carbon source for BNR system". Water Science and Technology 34, nr 1-2 (1.07.1996): 363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0392.
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It has been known wastewater with low COD/TKN ratio produces higher effluent NO3-N and adversely affects poly P microbes returning it to an anaerobic stage in BNR systems. Nightsoil applicability to return activated sludge line to minimize NO3-N effect to poly P microbes in anaerobic stage was examined with laboratory BNR systems operated at 20°C. The study results indicated nightsoil application could improve nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies both with low strength settled municipal and piggery wastes presenting low COD/TKN ratios of 6 and 2.2, respectively. Even organic loading rates increased to 20 to 60% due to nightsoil application, the effluent COD increased only 10 to 20%. This would suggest nightsoil can be used as another carbon source and nightsoil application to return activated sludge line can be another alternative modification to improve BNR systems.
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Oldham, William K., i Barry Rabinowitz. "Development of biological nutrient removal technology in western Canada". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 28, S1 (1.01.2001): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l00-085.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Biological nutrient removal (BNR) technology for wastewater treatment was originally imported from South Africa in the early 1980s to protect the water quality of Okanagan Lake in central British Columbia from the effects of eutrophication. Since that time, more than 10 BNR plants have been built in western Canada, with capacities ranging from 2000 to 500 000 m3/d. As a result of the interaction among university researchers, plant designers, and plant operators, considerable progress has been made in refining the understanding of process and adapting the technology for cold climates. Consulting engineers from western Canada are now successfully competing in the international marketplace in the application of BNR technology in the U.S.A., the U.K., Europe, Asia, and Australia.Key words: wastewater treatment, western Canada, biological nutrient removal, nitrogen removal, phosphorus removal, cold climate, technology development.
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Lopez, Alexander, Natalia Perez, Caitlin Hunt i George Bloom. "BNR Froth Control for Anaerobic Digestion". Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2015, nr 19 (1.01.2015): 3389–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864715819538615.
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Stevens, Gerry, Al Ellsworth, Mike Wyman i Angela Lambrecht. "BNR Process using RAS Anaerobic Zone". Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2015, nr 3 (1.01.2015): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864715819557641.
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Tonkovic, Zlatko. "Aerobic stabilisation criteria for BNR biosolids". Water Science and Technology 38, nr 2 (1.07.1998): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0123.
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A research program was undertaken to establish the stability of waste activated sludge generated from seven activated sludge treatment plants, both nutrient removal and conventional, and determine what further treatment is required to produce a substantially stabilised (ie. non-odorous) sludge. It has been previously thought that waste activated sludge from extended aeration plants (sludge age of approximately 25 days) was sufficiently stabilised to permit dewatering and stockpiling without odour generation. However, experience at a number of treatment plants with large unaerated mass fractions for biological removal of nitrogen and phosphorus has demonstrated that these sludges are generally odorous. With the increasing requirement for on-site storage of sludge to remove pathogens prior to sludge re-use, odour generation from secondary sludges has the potential to pose significant environmental problems for many treatment plants. The objective of the research program was to quantify the degree of stabilisation achieved in various activated sludge treatment plants, what additional aerobic treatment is required to achieve a stabilised sludge and what are the readily identified characteristics of a stabilised sludge, including volatile solids content, specific oxygen uptake rate and pathogen destruction. The phosphorus leaching characteristics were also compared between various sludges and between continuous and intermittent aerobic digestion process.
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Tonkovic, Zlatko. "Aerobic stabilisation criteria for BNR biosolids". Water Science and Technology 39, nr 6 (1.03.1999): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0290.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
A research program was undertaken to establish the stability of waste activated sludge generated from several activated sludge treatment plants, both nutrient removal and conventional, and determine what further treatment is required to produce a substantially stabilised (ie. non-odorous) sludge. It has been previously thought that waste activated sludge from extended aeration plants (sludge age of approximately 25 days) was sufficiently stabilised to permit dewatering and stockpiling without odour generation. However, experience at a number of treatment plants with large unaerated mass fractions for biological removal of nitrogen and phosphorus has demonstrated that these sludges are generally odorous. With the increasing requirement for on-site storage of sludge to remove pathogens prior to sludge re-use, odour generation from secondary sludges has the potential to pose significant environmental problems for many treatment plants. The objective of the research program was to quantify the degree of stabilisation achieved in various activated sludge treatment plants, what additional aerobic treatment is required to achieve a stabilised sludge and what are the readily identified characteristics of a stabilised sludge, including volatile solids content, specific oxygen uptake rate and pathogen destruction. The phosphorus leaching characteristics were also compared between various sludges and between continuous and intermittent aerobic digestion processes.