Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / BNR

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „BNR”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 20 lutego 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "BNR"

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Ngara, Tanyaradzwa R., Peiji Zeng i Houjin Zhang. "Biological Nitrogen Removal Database: A Manually Curated Data Resource". Microorganisms 10, nr 2 (12.02.2022): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020431.

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Biological nitrogen removal (BNR) technologies are the most effective approaches for the remediation of environmental nitrogen pollutants from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Presently, research is going on to elucidate the structure and function of BNR microbial communities and optimizing BNR treatment systems to enhance nitrogen removal efficiency. The literature on BNR microbial communities and experimental datasets is not unified across various repositories, while a uniform resource for the collection, annotation, and structuring of these BNR datasets is still unavailable. Herein, we present the Biological Nitrogen Removal Database (BNRdb), an integrated resource containing various manually curated BNR-related data. At present, BNRdb contains 23,308 microbial strains, 46 gene families, 24 enzymes, 18 reactions, 301 BNR treatment datasets, 860 BNR-associated next-generation sequencing datasets, and 6 common BNR bioreactor systems. BNRdb provides a user-friendly interface enabling interactive data browsing. To our knowledge, BNRdb is the first BNR data resource that systematically integrates BNR data from archaeal, bacterial, and fungal communities. We believe that BNRdb will contribute to a better understanding of BNR process and nitrogen bioremediation research.
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Aloysius, Aloysius, Anjurniza Ulfa, Anggita Kasih Fianti Situmorang, Harmileni Harmileni i Edy Fachrial. "AKTIVITAS ANTIMIKROBA BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT YANG DIISOLASI DARI MAKANAN TRADISIONAL FERMENTASI KHAS BATAK “NANIURA”". BIOLINK (Jurnal Biologi Lingkungan Industri Kesehatan) 6, nr 1 (21.05.2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/biolink.v6i1.2165.

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Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) could be isolated from various fermented food products. One potential source of LAB is traditional fermented food. The aim of the study was to isolate and investigate antimicrobial activity of LAB isolated from traditional Batak food, “naniura”. The LAB isolates were characterized by Gram staining, fermentation type and catalase test. The investigation of antimicrobial activity of LAB against pathogenic bacteria were conducted using disc diffusion method. The results showed that 6 isolates of BAL were successfully isolated namely BN1, BN2, BN3, BN4, BN5 and BN6 had characteristics of Gram positive, rod shaped and catalase negative. All selected isolate have heterofermentation type. Four isolates (BN1, BN2, BN5 and BN6) were able to inhibit S. aureus, E. coli and S. typhi with inhibition zone diameters ranging from 6,9 to 12,3 cm. Based on the result, it was concluded that LAB isolated from naniura has potential as a source of probiotics.
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Jabaji-Hare, Suha, i Stephen M. Neate. "Nonpathogenic Binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. and Benzothiadiazole Protect Cotton Seedlings Against Rhizoctonia Damping-Off and Alternaria Leaf Spot in Cotton". Phytopathology® 95, nr 9 (wrzesień 2005): 1030–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-95-1030.

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Recent reports have shown induction of resistance to Rhizoctonia root rot using nonpathogenic strains of binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. (np-BNR). This study evaluates the biocontrol ability of several np-BNR isolates against root and foliar diseases of cotton in greenhouse trials, provides evidence for induced systemic resistance (ISR) as a mechanism in this biocontrol, and compares the disease control provided by np-BNR with that provided by the chemical inducer benzothiadiazole (BTH). Pretreatment of cotton seedlings with np-BNR isolates provided good protection against pre- and post-emergence damping-off caused by a virulent strain of Rhizoctonia solani (AG-4). Seedling stand of protected cotton was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of nonprotected seedlings. Several np-BNR isolates significantly reduced disease severity. The combination of BTH and np-BNR provided significant protection against seedling rot and leaf spot in cotton; however, the degree of disease reduction was comparable to that obtained with np-BNR treatment alone. Significant reduction in leaf spot symptoms caused by Alternaria macrospora occurred on cotyledons pretreated with np-BNR or sprayed with BTH, and the np- BNR-treated seedlings had significantly less leaf spot than BTH-treated seedlings. The results demonstrate that np-BNR isolates can protect cotton from infections caused by both root and leaf pathogens and that disease control was superior to that observed with a chemical inducer.
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Khan, F. U., B. D. Nelson i T. C. Helms. "Greenhouse Evaluation of Binucleate Rhizoctonia for Control of R. solani in Soybean". Plant Disease 89, nr 4 (kwiecień 2005): 373–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-89-0373.

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Nine isolates of binucleate Rhizoctonia (BNR) from soybean were screened in the greenhouse for control of Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis groups AG-4 and AG-2-2. Eight of nine BNR isolates, when combined with AG-4 or AG-2-2, significantly increased emergence and survival of soybean (cv. Ozzie) and reduced disease severity compared with AG-4 or AG-2-2 alone. The interaction of soybean cultivar and BNR isolates in the presence of AG-4 and AG-2-2 was also studied using three isolates of BNR, BNR-4, BNR-8-2, and BNR-8-3, and seven soybean cultivars. There was no BNR × cultivar interaction. With AG-4, BNRs significantly increased emergence and survival of cultivars and reduced disease severity, whereas with AG-2-2, BNRs reduced disease severity. Control of R. solani by BNRs was achieved in both a potting soil mix and natural soil. In the initial screening experiments, two BNR isolates reduced emergence, but in all subsequent experiments using three BNR isolates alone, there were no negative effects on germination, survival, or height of soybean plants, and there was no evidence of pathogenicity. In several experiments, BNRs alone significantly increased height of plants compared with the noninoculated controls. BNRs were consistently isolated from hypocotyls and roots, indicating colonization of tissues was associated with control. These BNR isolates may have potential use in management of R. solani in soybean, but will require rigorous testing under field conditions and more extensive studies of their biology.
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Stone, Erica, Steve Walker, Rod Reardon i Coenraad Pretorius. "Troubleshooting Bnr Processes". Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2014, nr 16 (1.10.2014): 1185–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864714815940893.

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Kempton, Timothy J., i Edward Cusack. "Sustainable management of BNR biosolids". Water Science and Technology 39, nr 6 (1.03.1999): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0288.

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The sustainable management of BNR biosolids requires a holistic approach which integrates BNR liquid treatment processes, on-site sludge handling processes and off-site biosolids reuse/disposal. A market focussed biosolids reuse/disposal strategy is a key element of the sustainable management of BNR biosolids. A methodology for preparing a biosolids management strategy is presented. BNR biosolids has a number of characteristics which affect biosolids management. These include: potential for mutrient release, dewaterability, and the need for biosolids stabilisation. Current practices for sludge handling and stabilisation in Australian BNR plants are also discussed.
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Ultra, Venecio U., Danilo M. Mendoza i Angelina M. Briones. "Chemical changes under aerobic composting and nutrient supplying potential of banana residue compost". Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 20, nr 2 (czerwiec 2005): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/raf2005104.

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AbstractIn anticipation of the Philippines being a major producer of organic bananas, this study was conducted to provide a quantitative basis for certain practices in organic farming. The nutrient supplying capacity of banana residues in combination with leguminous materials and chicken manure was investigated in composting studies. Changes in the chemical composition of ten formulations of banana residue-based compost involving leguminous plants (Sesbania rostrata, Flemingia macrophylla, Arachis hypogea) and chicken manure were analyzed periodically during a composting period of 16 weeks. Results showed that combinations of banana residues (BnR) and chicken manure or leguminous plants were highly decomposed compared to untreated BnR. The use of leguminous plants and/or chicken manure enhanced the composting process significantly compared to the effect of Bioquick. The compost piles were characterized by increases in pH, total N and total P, and decreases in total K, total carbon and C/N ratio with time. Notably, BnR+chicken manure attained a C/N ratio of 15 at 4 weeks, while the BnR+leguminous materials reached such a low C/N ratio at 8–16 weeks. An incubation study was conducted under greenhouse conditions for 24 weeks. It was designed to follow the dynamics of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) availability in two clay soils (Antipolo and Lipa) amended with five compost formulations (BnR alone, BnR+Sesbania prunings, BnR+Flemingia prunings, BnR+peanut stover and BnR+chicken manure) and with uncomposted banana residue at an application rate of 20 Mg ha−1. Results showed that net N mineralization occurred in soils amended with BnR+chicken manure and BnR+leguminous materials, which had C/N ratios ranging from 12 to 16. Net N immobilization during the earlier period of incubation was observed in uncomposted and composted banana residues with a C/N ratio of 68 and 24, respectively. Significantly higher net P mineralization was obtained only in soils amended with BnR+chicken manure. An abrupt increase in exchangeable K was observed in all treatments 2 weeks after the incorporation of organic residues. Higher available K in pure BnR treatments (uncomposted or composted) exhibits the inherently high K content of banana residues.
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Wilson, A. W., P. Do i W. E. Keller. "Implementation of the biological nutrient removal program at Calgary's Bonnybrook wastewater treatment plant". Water Science and Technology 38, nr 1 (1.07.1998): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0013.

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This paper describes the biological nutrient removal (BNR) program that has been implemented in stages at Calgary's Bonnybrook wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) over the past eight years. Process design parameters and performance data for two retrofit BNR projects and one new BNR expansion project are described. These projects have made the Bonnybrook WWTP the largest cold weather, suspended growth BNR plant in the world.
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Copes, Warren E. "Spread Potential of Binucleate Rhizoctonia from Nursery Propagation Floors to Trays Containing Azalea Stem Cuttings and Sanitary Control Options". Plant Disease 99, nr 6 (czerwiec 2015): 842–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-14-0915-re.

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Binucleate Rhizoctonia sp. (BNR), the cause of web blight, can be spread on azalea stem cuttings into propagation houses, but also can be eliminated from stems by submerging cuttings in 50°C water for 21 min. The overall objective was to evaluate risk of stem cuttings in trays becoming contaminated from inoculum on polypropylene fabric and gravel floors of propagation houses by evaluating four spread aspects in separate experiments. In experiment one, BNR was recovered from 1 to 50% samples from floor areas. In experiment two, BNR survival was higher under 70% shade than full sun, with the presence of organic media than its absence, and on gravel than on fabric. In experiment three in both years, BNR was never recovered from peat in trays beside or on colonized floor materials. In experiment four, disinfestants greatly reduced BNR on ground fabric and significantly on gravel. Results show BNR persists in propagation houses, yet spread into propagation trays is very low. Results imply the importance of cleaning floor surfaces of organic matter. Disinfestants further reduce propagule survival, but may not completely eliminate BNR, especially on gravel.
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Poromarto, Susilo H., Berlin D. Nelson i Thomas P. Freeman. "Association of Binucleate Rhizoctonia with Soybean and Mechanism of Biocontrol of Rhizoctonia solani". Phytopathology® 88, nr 10 (październik 1998): 1056–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1998.88.10.1056.

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The association of binucleate Rhizoctonia (BNR) AG-K with soybean and the interaction of BNR, R. solani AG-4, and soybean seedlings were investigated to elucidate the mechanism of biocontrol of R. solani by BNR. Sixty-hour-old seedlings were inoculated and incubated in a growth chamber at 24°C; plants were examined with light microscopy and with scanning and transmission electron microscopy at various times following inoculation. BNR grew over hypocotyls, roots, and root hairs, but only colonized epidermal cells. Hyphae of BNR appeared to attach to the epidermis and, 5.5 h following inoculation, began penetrating cells by means of penetration pegs without forming distinct appressoria or infection cushions. There was evidence of cuticle degradation at the point of penetration. Infection hyphae moved to adjacent epidermal cells by direct penetration of epidermal radial walls. There were epidermal and cortical cell necrosis, beginning with the fragmentation of the tonoplast and followed by the disintegration of cytoplasm, organelles, and plasma membranes. Cell necrosis was also observed in adjacent cells where there was no evidence of BNR hyphae. Cell walls were not destroyed. After 144 h, there was noevidence of BNR hyphae in cortical cells. Attempted penetrations were observed, but papillae formed on the inside of cortical cell walls. Pre-inoculation of soybean seedlings with BNR 24 or 48 h before inoculation with R. solani (1 cm between inocula) affected the growth of R. solani on soybean tissue. There were fewer hyphae of R. solani, the hyphae branched sparingly, and infection cushions were rare when compared with hyphal growth on soybean inoculated only with R. solani. These effects were observed before the BNR hyphae began to intermingle with the hyphae of R. solani on the surface of the inoculated host. Preinoculation of soybean seedlings 24 h before inoculation with R. solani significantly (P = 0.05) reduced disease incidence and severity caused by R. solani AG-4. The lesions caused by R. solani always appeared distally, not proximally, to the BNR inoculum. The interactions of intermingling hyphae of BNR and R. solani were examined in vitro and on the surface of the host. There was no evidence of lysis, mycoparasitism, inhibition of growth, or any other form of antagonism between hyphae. The results of these studies strongly suggest that induced resistance is the mechanism of biocontrol of R. solani on soybean by BNR. The inhibition of hyphal growth of R. solani on the surface of soybean tissue preinoculated with BNR appears to be a novel characteristic of induced resistance.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "BNR"

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Kampas, Pantelis. "Sidestream treatment for improved BNR process performance". Thesis, Cranfield University, 2007. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/1857.

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The removal of nutrients from the wastewaters through biological processes is a cost effective and environmentally sound alternative to chemical treatment. The primary driver for the success of the biological nutrient removal (BNR) processes is the availability of suitable carbon sources in the influent wastewater. Unfortunately, in the UK the wastewaters considered being weak for the BNR carbon limited processes and hence many methods have been examined in the past for the enhancement of BNR. In this project an internal carbon source was proposed and examined. The carbon was produced from the disintegration of activated sludge by a mechanical process, which was explored and its impact on the BNR carbon limited processes was evaluated. The equipment used in this study for mechanical sludge disintegration was a deflaker, which was able to cause significant increase in chemical oxygen demand and volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the soluble phase of sludge. Laboratory scale tests revealed that this carbon source can improve the phosphorus release and denitrification process and hence the phosphorus and nitrogen removal. These results led us to investigate the carbon source produced from disintegration in pilot scale and two BNR reactors were used for this purpose. The mechanical disintegration of 5.8% of return activated sludge was able to increase the concentration of VFA in the influent wastewater by 2.5-7 mg l-1 and successfully replace the equivalent amount of acetic acid, which is normally considered to be the best carbon source for biological phosphorus removal. The performance of the test reactor in terms of nitrogen, suspended solids and chemical oxygen demand was also unaffected. In addition, the sludge disintegration affected the bacteria growth yield, which combined with the longer sludge age by 6 days compared to the control reactor caused a 20-26% reduction in sludge production. In order to examine whether this process could be used by the water utilities a cost analysis took place, which revealed that the operational cost of the specific disintegration process and under the conditions examined in this study outweighs the savings from the produced carbon source and reduced amount of sludge.
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Mitta, Pramod R. "Utilization of fixed film media in BNR activated sludge systems". Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03302010-020644/.

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Drejhammar, Inga-Britt. "Organisationsutveckling och jämställdhe en studie i tre företag /". Lund : Studentlitteratur ; [Btj [distributör]], 2005. http://www.btj.se/btjcgi/ebook/ewbook.cgi?BNr=4720120.

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Dahlman, Christian. "Konkurrerande culpakriterier". Lund : Studentlitteratur ; [Btj [distributör]], 2005. http://www.btj.se/btjcgi/ebook/ewbook.cgi?BNr=4712141.

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Guo, Lei. "Optimization of BNR from wastewater using SBR and A²O processes". Thesis, University of Macau, 2011. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2493027.

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Campolong, Cody James. "Bioaugmentation and Retention of Anammox Granules to a Mainstream Deammonification Bio-Oxidation Pilot with a Post Polishing Anoxic Partial Denitrification/Anammox Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99964.

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The Chesapeake Bay watershed has seen an increase in population, nutrient loading, and stringent effluent limits; therefore, cost-effective technologies must be explored and implemented to intensify the treatment of regional wastewater. This work describes the bioaugmentation and retention of anammox (AMX) granules in a continuous adsorption/bio-oxidation (A/B) mainstream deammonification pilot-scale process treating domestic wastewater. The AMX granules were collected from the underflow of a sidestream DEMON® process. The bioaugmentation rate was based on several factors including full-scale sidestream DEMON® wasting rate and sidestream vs mainstream AMX activity. The retention of bioaugmented AMX granules required a novel settling column at the end of the deammonification step. The settling column was designed to provide a surface overflow rate (SOR) that allowed dense AMX granules to settle into the underflow and less dense floccular biomass to outselect into the overflow. B-Stage was operated to out-select nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) by maintaining an ammonia residual (>2 mg NH4-N/L), a relatively high dissolved oxygen (DO) (>1.5 mg O2/L) concentration, an aggressive solids retention time (SRT) for NOB washout, and intermittent aeration for transient anoxia. AMX activity was not detected in the mainstream at any time. The settling column AMX retention quantification suggested but did not confirm AMX were maintained in the mainstream. NOB were not suppressed during this study and no nitrite accumulation was present in the mainstream process. It was theorized that AMX granules were successfully settled into the settling column underflow and accumulated in the intermittently mixed sidestream biological phosphorus reactor (SBPR) where they disintegrated. This work also describes optimization of carbon addition to an anoxic partial denitrification anammox (PdN/A) moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) testing glycerol, acetate, and methanol as carbon sources to maximize total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) removal through the anammox pathway and to minimize effluent TIN. A carbon feeding strategy was developed and was evaluated by the extent of partial denitrification vs full denitrification (partial denitrification efficiency, PdN efficiency). All three carbon sources were capable of high TIN removal, low effluent TIN, and moderate to high PdN efficiency. Average TIN removal for glycerol was 10.0 ± 3.6 mg TIN/L, for acetate it was 8.7 ± 2.9 mg TIN/L, and for methanol it was 11.5 ± 5.6 mg TIN/L. Average effluent TIN for glycerol was 6.0 ± 4.0 mg TIN/L, for acetate it was 5.0 ± 1.1 mg TIN/L, and for methanol it was 4.3 ± 1.5 mg TIN/L. Average PdN efficiency for glycerol was 91.0 ± 9.0%, for acetate it was 88.0 ± 7.7%, and for methanol it was 74.0 ± 8.5%. When PdN efficiency was factored into the cost of each carbon source, methanol was 5.83% cheaper than glycerol per mass TIN removed and 59.0% cheaper than acetate per mass TIN-N removed.
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Du, Toit Geoff J. G. "Design and performance of BNR activated sludge systems with flat sheet membranes for solid-liquid separation". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5061.

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Includes bibliographical references.
Wastewater treatment technologies have developed out of the need to protect receiving water bodies from the increasingly concentrated municipal and industrial waste streams generated through human activity. Of the methods available to clean wastewaters, biological nutrient removal (BNR) activated sludge (AS) is applied throughout South Africa and internationally as it has many advantages, notably it is cheaper to operate, does not introduce salinity into the water and is a simple and robust process. One of the key steps in the BNR AS process is the separation of biomass from the water. This is traditionally achieved by means of secondary settling tanks (SSTs), however recently the use of membranes for solid-liquid separation has gained popularity for the following reasons: Membranes are able to retain all solids and thus are insensitive to the settling characteristics of sludges, • they can be run at high concentrations and hence smaller reactor volumes are required, • membranes can produce a guaranteed high quality effluent free of pathogens and in some cases viruses too. • Additionally smaller reactor volumes and the obviation of SSTs allow a substantial wastewater treatment plant footprint reduction. Hence the combination of membranes in BNR AS is being increasingly applied. where much research has been conducted on the performance of membranes. The majority of the research has focused on the physical membrane performance, investigating the mechanisms of fouling, or on the membrane biological reactor (MBR) performance in removing organic compounds or nitrogen compounds from wastewater. There are however few case studies investigating BNR using membranes despite speculation that the inclusion of membranes may indeed affect the nature of the activated sludge biomass (Witzig et al., 2002).
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Brooks, Patrick C. "An investigation of temperature effects on denitrifying bacterial populations in a biological nutrient removal (BNR) system". Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03042009-041300/.

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Liu, Hanping. "Utilization of Captor sponges to maintain nitrification and denitrification in BNR activated sludge at low aerobic MCRTs". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45078.

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The performance of Captor media integration into the aerobic zone of an activated sludge wastewater treatment system operated at low MCRTs was evaluated using a pilot scale Virginia Initiative Project (VIP) process. Two separate trains were operated, one with Captor media incorporated into the aerobic zone of the system, referred to as an Integrated Fixed Film Activated Sludge (IF AS) system, and the other as a control system, i.e., with no media in the aerobic reactors. The wastewater used for this research was pumped from a main municipal sewer of the Blacksburg-VPI Sanitation Authority Collection System. The TKN of the wastewater was supplemented by the addition of urea to maintain the influent ammonia concentration around 55 mg/L as nitrogen. Sodium acetate was added to maintain the influent COD around 450 mg/L and Sodium bicarbonate was added to maintain the pH in the aerobic zone around 7. The system was operated at MCRTs of 1.7, 1.0 and 0.3 days with the operating temperature around 12 C.
Master of Science
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Browning, Catharine, i n/a. "Nutrient Removal and Plant Growth in a Subsurface Flow Constucted Wetland in Brisbane, Australia". Griffith University. School of Environmental Engineering, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040226.092311.

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One of the major water quality issues affecting waterways is eutrophication. Controlling the input of nutrients from municipal wastewater treatment plants (WTP’s) is a significant step in reducing eutrophication. Tertiary wastewater treatment for water quality improvement in particular Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) is often expensive to construct with high maintenance costs. Constructed wetlands (CWs) offer an alternative wastewater treatment and have been used successfully worldwide to treat various types of wastewater. This study investigated the effectiveness of the Oxley Creek horizontal subsurface flow (SSF) CW for tertiary municipal wastewater treatment and the suitability of four native macrophyte species, Baumea articulata, Carex fascicularis, Philydrum lanuginosum and Schoenoplectus mucronatus. The investigation consisted of four main components: 1) Plants: monitoring plant establishment, growth, impact of cropping, gravel size, nutrient content and storage for the four macrophyte species trialed; 2) Water quality - effluent treatment: monitoring water quality and quantity entering and leaving the wetland to determine wastewater treatment; 3) Organic matter: accumulation of organic carbon within the wetland cells for the different gravel sizes (5mm and 20mm) and 4) Mass balance: combining nutrient storage by macrophytes with wastewater nutrient removal to determine proportion of nutrient removal by plant uptake. The Oxley horizontal SSF CW is situated at the Oxley Creek WTP in Brisbane (South- East), Queensland, Australia which has a sub-tropical climate. The experimental design involved four different substrate treatments: Cell A new 5mm gravel, Cells B and C old 20mm gravel and Cell D old 5mm gravel. Cells B, C and D had been operational since 1995 whereas Cell A had been in use since 2000. The wetland received secondary treated effluent direct from the Oxley Creek WTP at an average flow rate of 8L/min with a median hydraulic loading rate (HLR) of 0.12m/day and a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2 to 3 days. Each cell consisted of three gravel sections (Section 1 to 3) separated by 1m wide open water sections. Gravel Sections 2 and 3 were planted out with the four macrophyte species in October 2000, Section 1 remained unplanted. Plant health and leaf height was monitored to assess plant establishment and growth. Investigations into plant establishment and growth demonstrated that Carex was most suitable. Carex achieved the highest maximum leaf height and was not affected by pests and disease unlike Schoenoplectus and Philydrum. Above ground biomass was cropped in May and August 2001, with biomass of cropped material measured on both occasions. Plant health and re-growth following cropping of above ground biomass in May and August 2001 demonstrated that cropping retarded regrowth of Schoenoplectus and Philydrum. Carex and Baumea recovered quickest following cropping, with Carex achieving leaf height prior to cropping within 6 months. Proportion of biomass contained above and below ground was measured by collecting biomass samples three times over 9 months and dividing into plant components (roots, rhizomes, leaves, flowers and stems). Investigations into the proportion of above and below ground components indicated that >80% of biomass is contained above ground. Therefore cropping above ground biomass would potentially remove a significant proportion of nutrient storage from the CW. The results indicated that the ideal time for cropping was in spring/summer when plants are flowering particularly for Philydrum, whose flowering stems comprised 40% of total plant biomass. Flowering stems of Philydrum could potentially have a commercial use as a cut flower. Nutrient content of the four species in each cell was measured for individual plant components when first planted and after three (summer) and six (autumn) months growth. This was combined with biomass data to quantify nutrient bioaccumulation (nitrogen and phosphorus) by the four species in each cell. In terms of ability to bioaccumulate nitrogen and phosphorus, measurements of nutrient content and storage indicated that all four species were suitable. Nutrient storage was highest for Baumea and Carex. However high nutrient content may make the macrophytes more susceptible to pest and disease attack as found in this study for Philydrum and Schoenoplectus. Nutrient storage was highest in Cell A (new 5mm gravel) as a result of higher biomass achieved in this cell. The cropping and nutrient storage experiments indicated that Carex was the most suitable species for use in SSF CWs. Carex achieved the highest nutrient storage and had the fastest regrowth following cropping. Organic carbon accumulation between gravel particles measured as the proportion of material lost at 500oC was determined for gravel samples collected from each section for all four cells at 10cm depth increments (0-10cm, 10-20cm and 20-30cm). Investigations into organic carbon accumulation within the gravel substrate showed that organic accumulation was higher in the planted sections particularly for cells that had previously been planted with Phragmites australis. Organic accumulation was highest in the top 20cm of the gravel, which can be attributed to litter fall and root material. The effect of gravel size on plant growth, biomass, root depth and organic accumulation was assessed throughout the study. Investigations indicated that gravel size did not appear to affect biomass, maximum root penetration, re-growth following cropping and organic accumulation. Water quality from the inlet and outlet of each cell was measured fortnightly over 12 months (May 2001 to May 2002). Water quantity (HLR) was measured weekly using tipping buckets located at the inlet and outlet of each cell. Water quality and quantity were combined to investigate the nutrient removal efficiency of the wetland. The Oxley wetland was highly effective in reduction of TSS (<2mg/L) and COD (<30mg/L). Principal TSS and COD removal mechanism was physical with the first gravel section acting as a filter removing the majority of particulate material. Average loading rates to the wetland were 7.1 kg/ha/d PO4-P, 14 kg/ha/d NH4-N and 5.4 kg/ha/d NOx-N. Average daily mass removal rates ranged from 7.3 kg/ha NH4-N in Cell D to 4.6 kg/ha in Cell C (i.e. 37%-22% removal efficiency respectively); 5.2 kg/ha NOx-N in Cell C to 1.3 kg/ha in Cell A (i.e. 75%-22% removal efficiency) and 0.8 kg/ha PO4-P in Cell A to 0.1 kg/ha in Cell C (i.e. 10%-1% removal efficiency). Removal efficiency was calculated on a loads basis. Insufficient retention times (2-3 days based on tracer study) and anaerobic conditions (<1mg/L) limited further nitrogen removal. Negligible phosphorus removal for all cells was attributed to short retention time and likelihood of phosphorus adsorption being close to capacity. Investigation into the proportion of nutrient removal attributed to plant uptake demonstrated that nutrient uptake and storage in plant biomass accounted for <12% TN and <5% TP. This research project has provided several useful outcomes that can assist in future guidelines for designing effective SSF CWs in the subtropics/tropics. Outcomes include the importance of maintaining an adequate water level during the initial establishment phase. Maximising effluent treatment by pre-treatment of wastewater prior to entering SSF CWs to enable ammonia to be converted to nitrate and ensuring adequate hydraulic retention time. Carex fascicularis was the most suitable species particularly where harvesting regimes are employed. Philydrum flowering stems could be used as a cut flower in the florist trade.
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Książki na temat "BNR"

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Historyczne, Białoruskie Towarzystwo, i Instytut belarusistyki (Vilnius Lithuania), red. Z︠H︡aŭnery BNR. Belastok: Belaruskae Histarychnae Tavarystva, 2009.

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Łatyszonek, Oleg. Z︠H︡aŭnery BNR. Belastok: Belaruskae Histarychnae Tavarystva, 2009.

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Reznik, A. N. K voprosu o gosudarstvennosti BNR, ili Tak byla li BNR gosudarstvom? Minsk: UP "Tekhnoprint", 2002.

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Reznik, Anatoliĭ Nikolaevich. K voprosu o gosudarstvennosti BNR, ili tak byla li BNR gosudarstvom? Minsk: Tekhnoprint, 2002.

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author, I︠U︡rėvich Li︠a︡von, red. Rada BNR, 1947-1970: Padzei, dakumenty, asoby. Minsk: Knihazbor, 2013.

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Krutalevich, Vadim Andreevich. Na puti͡a︡kh nat͡s︡ionalʹnogo samoopredelenii͡a︡ BNR-BSSR-RB. Minsk: Pravo i ėkonomika, 1995.

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Dalidovich, Henrykh. BNR i BSSR: Rozdum ab pakutnym shli︠a︡khu belaruskaĭ dzi︠a︡rzhaunast︠s︡i u XX stahoddzi. Minsk: Peĭto, 2002.

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Dalidovich, Genrykh Vat︠s︡lavavich. BNR i BSSR: Rozdum ab pakutnym shli︠a︡khu belaruskaĭ dzi︠a︡rzhaunast︠s︡i u XX stahoddzi. Minsk: Peĭto, 2002.

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John, Siegel, i Object Management Group, red. Common object services specification: AT&T/NCR, BNR Europe Limited, Digital Equipment Corporation ... New York: Wiley, 1994.

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Karimov, Adḣam. Bir gapim bor--uch tillo. [Toshkent]: Adolat, 1992.

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Części książek na temat "BNR"

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van Balen, J. A. M., A. A. Demeulemeester, M. Frölich, K. Mohrmann, L. M. Harms, W. C. H. van Helden, L. J. Mostert i J. H. M. Souverijn. "BNP (pro-BNP, NT-pro-BNP)". W Memoboek, 44–45. Houten: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-313-9129-5_16.

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Pohling, Rolf. "Bor". W Chemische Reaktionen in der Wasseranalyse, 35–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36354-2_6.

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Tyrer, Peter J., Mark Slifstein, Joris C. Verster, Kim Fromme, Amee B. Patel, Britta Hahn, Christer Allgulander i in. "BSR". W Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology, 252. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68706-1_4103.

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Gooch, Jan W. "BUR". W Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 99. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_1680.

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Nicolescu, Teodora, i Tilak D. Raj. "BNP". W Data Interpretation in Anesthesia, 191–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55862-2_35.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Bar". W Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 65. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_1049.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Ber". W Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 77. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_1244.

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Chaubey, Vikas P., Kevin B. Laupland, Christopher B. Colwell, Gina Soriya, Shelden Magder, Jonathan Ball, Jennifer M. DiCocco i in. "BNP". W Encyclopedia of Intensive Care Medicine, 362. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00418-6_1245.

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Diez, J. Javier, i Efren M. Veiga. "Bar". W Encyclopedia of Estuaries, 46–47. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8801-4_322.

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Russell-Walling, Edward. "BPR". W 50 Schlüsselideen Management, 24–27. Heidelberg: Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8274-2637-6_7.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "BNR"

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Bukhres, Omran, Jiansan Chen i Rob Pezzoli. "An InterBase system at BNR". W the 1993 ACM SIGMOD international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/170035.170113.

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Casey, Liam. "Distributed systems already work at BNR". W the 2nd workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/503956.503968.

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Meszaros, Gerard. "Experiences building large OO frameworks at BNR". W Addendum to the proceedings. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/260028.260085.

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Russell, Glenn C. "A combined project planning model for documentation/training at BNR". W the 12th annual international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/192506.192530.

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Tahir, Sabeen, Abas Md Said i Sheikh Tahir Bakhsh. "Bluetooth Network Re-formation protocol for reducing path length (BNR)". W 2012 International Conference on Computer & Information Science (ICCIS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccisci.2012.6297128.

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Sirait, Rinda, Nuryah Sjafirah i Dandi Supriadi. "Virtual Opinion Leader: The Emergence of Boy BNR Figure in #tolakpermen20 Movement". W Proceedings of the 1st Padjadjaran Communication Conference Series, PCCS 2019, 9 October 2019, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.9-10-2019.2291115.

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James W Morris, Northrop Jere, Pagano Steve i Bloom George. "Dairy Farm Atmospheric Emissions Control Using a Microaerobic Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) Process". W International Symposium on Air Quality and Waste Management for Agriculture, 16-19 September 2007, Broomfield, Colorado. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.23918.

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Bo Deng, Hu Xu i Xiaodong Yang. "BNR: the tool to analyze and design the minimal deadlock free fully adaptive routing algorithm". W Proceedings Fourth International Conference/Exhibition on High Performance Computing in the Asia-Pacific Region. IEEE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hpc.2000.846536.

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Singhania, Tarun, Wasim Arif i Debarati Sen. "B3R: A New Approach to BBR Congestion Control for Shallow Buffers". W 2021 Advanced Communication Technologies and Signal Processing (ACTS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acts53447.2021.9708095.

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CHEN, SHAOMIN. "RARE KAON DECAY FROM E949 AT BNL: $K^{+} \to \pi^{+} \nu \bar{\nu}$". W Proceedings of the 32nd International Conference. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812702227_0156.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "BNR"

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Brar, N. S. Ceramic Bar-on-Bar Impact Experiments. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, maj 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada415727.

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Pepper, S. E., K. Bachner i J. Gomera. NGSPN @ BNL. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), październik 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1336162.

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Alamdari, Shabnaz Pashapour. First Measurement of σ(gg → t$\bar{t}$)/σ(p$\bar{p}$ → t$\bar{t}$). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), styczeń 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/929118.

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Hendricks, Stefanie, Iryna Dykun, Bastian Balcer, Matthias Totzeck, Tienush Rassaf i Amir A. Mahabadi. Higher BNP/NT-pro BNP levels stratify prognosis equally well in patients with and without heart failure – a meta-analysis with more than 89,000 patients. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, kwiecień 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0175.

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Review question / Objective: We performed a meta-analysis to investigate, whether the value of BNP/NT-proBNP as predictors of long-term prognosis differentiates in cohorts with and without heart failure. Condition being studied: The standardised cut-off levels for BNP and NT-proBNP that are currently used in clinical practice are based on the stratification of patients with heart failure. In patients without heart failure, however, relatively lower values are observed. This leads to the assumption that the prognosis for patients with BNP/NT-proBNP levels at the upper limit of the normal range might be worse than the prognosis for patients with BNP/NT-proBNP levels lower in the range, even if both are determined to be within the normal boundaries. However, a specific cut-off level of BNP/NT-proBNP for the prediction of prognosis in patients without heart failure has not yet been determined. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis of existing studies investigating the value of BNP/NT-proBNP as a predictor of long-term prognosis in patients with heart failure and the general population.
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Seybold, Patricia. BPR for CRM? Boston, MA: Patricia Seybold Group, wrzesień 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1571/psgp9-19-02cc.

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Dunbar, John Martin. BER Q4 Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), październik 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1569708.

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A. Alsaed. BWR AXIAL PROFILE. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), lipiec 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/862029.

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J. Huffer. BWR AXIAL PROFILE. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), wrzesień 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/862152.

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Lawing, Chase, Scott Palmtag i Mehdi Asgari. BWR Progression Problems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), luty 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1838995.

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Sunar, Lütfi, i Mehtap Nur Öksüz. İş Ahlakı Bibliyografyası. İGİAD, maj 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12711/anr21.

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İş Ahlakı Bibliyografyası iş ahlakı alanında son 20 yılda üretilen eserleri bir araya getiriyor. 9 bine yakın makale, kitap, kitap bölümü, ansiklopedi, rapor, konferans bildirisi ve tezin künye bilgisini içeren İş Ahlakı Bibliyografyası, arama ve erişim kolaylığı sağlayan bir veri tabanı aracılığıyla iş ahlakı alanında zengin ve geniş bir kaynakçayı ilgililerin istifadesine sunuyor. Bibliyografyada yer alan verilere dair analizlerin yer aldığı bu raporda okuyuculara son 20 yılda Türkiye’de üretilen iş ahlakı eserlerinin özellikleri hakkında önemli bilgiler veriliyor.
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