Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Blue collar unions

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Blue collar unions”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 20 lutego 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Blue collar unions"

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Davis, Randall S. "Blue-Collar Public Servants". American Review of Public Administration 41, nr 6 (16.12.2010): 705–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0275074010392367.

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This study examines whether the norms and values of labor unions contradict public service motivation (PSM). Using Perry and Wise’s conceptualization of (PSM) this article tests four hypotheses by analyzing both quantitative data drawn from the employees of a large metropolitan city and qualitative data drawn from semistructured interviews conducted in two large Midwestern cities. I expect that as employees become socialized into union membership, they will increasingly identify with rational, affective, and normative union motives. The quantitative findings suggest that union socialization is associated with lower compassion, higher self-sacrifice, and greater commitment to the public interest. Union socialization is unrelated to attraction to policy making. This study supports the hypotheses that unions shape members’ motives through the socialization process. I rebut the argument that public sector union members are solely self-interested, but the findings suggest that union socialization can undermine one’s feelings of compassion.
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Ravn, Johan E., i Lisbeth Øyum. "Towards ‘multi-collar’ unionism: Cases of trespassing professionals in Norwegian industrial relations". Economic and Industrial Democracy 41, nr 4 (14.03.2018): 887–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143831x17743794.

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This article discusses the changes in workers’ identity as blue-collar or salaried staff with respect to changing work content due to new models of industrial systems. Within these new industrial models, traditional blue-collar work is moving into areas of work previously held solely by salaried staff. This article argues that the merging of work content will cause a process of identity-mergers, a process calling for increased collaboration between blue-collar unions on the one hand, and salaried staff unions on the other. Reporting on four company cases, the authors argue that this process is caused both by labour unions’ efforts to increase workers’ motivation in work, as well as by market demands generating new models of industrial production. The authors conclude that the models of industrial relations must change so as to encompass cross-union collaboration and the diversity of professions.
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Maranto, Cheryl L., i Jack Fiorito. "The Effect of Union Characteristics on the Outcome of NLRB Certification Elections". ILR Review 40, nr 2 (styczeń 1987): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979398704000205.

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This paper examines the determinants of National Labor Relations Board certification election outcomes in individual election units between 1972 and 1980. Particular emphasis is given to the role of national union characteristics in determining union success or failure. The authors find that union success in organizing both blue- and white-collar workers is influenced positively by union size and internal democracy and negatively by strike activity and the centralization of its decision making. Benefits provided directly to members by unions significantly increase, and higher dues significantly reduce, white-collar organizing success, whereas the same factors have no significant effect on blue-collar organizing.
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Solnick, Loren M. "The Effect of Blue-Collar Unions on White-Collar Wages and Fringe Benefits". ILR Review 38, nr 2 (styczeń 1985): 236–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979398503800206.

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This study investigates the influence of blue-collar unions on the wages and fringe benefits of white-collar workers employed in the same establishment. The author uses establishment data on employee compensation in 1974, the last year such data were collected, to estimate these wage and fringe spillovers in the two-digit industries in the manufacturing sector. Wage spillovers appear in only three of 16 industries, with the effect ranging from 10 to 19 percent. For fringes, however, significant spillovers are evident in 12 industries, with effects ranging from 15 to 52 percent. Although the models estimated also allow for the influence of white-collar unions on white-collar wages and fringes, no such effects were observed.
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Moll, P. G. "Black South African Unions: Relative Wage Effects in International Perspective". ILR Review 46, nr 2 (styczeń 1993): 245–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399304600203.

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Despite the disenfranchisement of blacks in South Africa, the state's refusal to officially recognize black unions until 1980, and police repression of the union movement, this analysis of data for 1985 shows that black unions in South Africa had by that year made wage gains similar to those of unions in more developed countries. The union effect on wages for black blue-collar workers was 24%, which is in the range of effects found in studies of U.S. unions and above the range of effects found for European unions. Another finding is that black unions compressed wages across skill levels, an effect probably owing to black unions' primary emphasis on improving the lot of unskilled workers.
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Budd, John W., i Brian P. McCall. "The Effect of Unions on the Receipt of Unemployment Insurance Benefits". ILR Review 50, nr 3 (kwiecień 1997): 478–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399705000306.

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Using National Longitudinal Survey of Youth data for 1979–91, the authors analyze the effect of union representation on the likelihood that individuals eligible for unemployment insurance (UI) benefits actually received those benefits. They find that unions had no statistically significant effect on the probability of benefit receipt among white-collar workers, but among eligible blue-collar workers, those who were laid off from union jobs were roughly 23% more likely than comparable nonunion workers to receive UI benefits. Although the analysis does not identify the reasons for this difference, two factors it appears to rule out as determinants are union-negotiated supplemental unemployment benefit plans and differences between union and nonunion workers in expected unemployment duration.
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Solnick, Loren M. "The Effect of Blue-Collar Unions on White-Collar Wages and Fringe Benefits". Industrial and Labor Relations Review 38, nr 2 (styczeń 1985): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2523832.

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Hammarstrom, Olle, i Rianne Mahon. "Sweden: At the Turning Point?" Economic and Labour Relations Review 5, nr 2 (grudzień 1994): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103530469400500203.

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The Swedish industrial relations system has undergone significant changes in the past decade, as employers have vigorously pursued a strategy to decentralise the collective bargaining process. Issues of co-worker agreements and pay equity dominated the 1993 bargaining round, with employers seeking to limit the unions' role to the enterprise level. Union membership levels, however, have remained high and there has been greater cooperation between blue and white collar union groups. The return of a Social Democratic led Government may see greater support for national agreements and representative forms of participation.
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Shirom, Arie, i Sandra Kirmeyer. "The effects of unions on blue collar role stresses and somatic strain". Journal of Organizational Behavior 9, nr 1 (styczeń 1988): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.4030090104.

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Kojima, Shinji. "Social movement unionism in contemporary Japan: Coalitions within and across political boundaries". Economic and Industrial Democracy 41, nr 1 (1.02.2017): 189–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143831x17694242.

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This article on social movement unionism in Japan examines the particular ways in which labor unions form coalitions when undertaking disputes that concern the dismissal of blue-collar temporary agency workers. The triangular employment arrangement nullified the right of labor unions that represent the temporary agency workers to bargain with the user corporations. Against this predicament, labor unions formed alliances by flexibly negotiating the divisions that exist among labor. Labor unions in Japan are largely grouped under national labor federations and by their ties to political parties. Labor unions formed coalitions within the federation boundaries but also found creative ways to bridge across federation membership in an effort to rebuild its associational power. Civil society groups served as a glue that drew in unions across national federation memberships.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Blue collar unions"

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Hövik, Caroline. "The gendered wage gap in the blue-collar sector : An urging to the collective organization of the blue-collar unions". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-150595.

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This thesis will handle the gendered wage gap in the blue-collar sectors and how the blue-collar unions collective organization (from here on referred to as LO) has handled this issue. In the Swedish labour market the unions and the employers’ organizations negotiate terms and conditions of employment that result in legally binding collective agreements. Within the blue-collar sector wages are to a large extent negotiated on this level and the blue-collar unions coordinate within LO on which questions to focus on in the negotiations with the employers. But during 2015 the unions within LO were not able to agree and the coordination failed (Medlingsinstitutet, MI, 2017). The main issue was disagreement on how to handle low wages and value discrimination. To understand the split during 2015, the reader needs to understand the background and the deeply rooted norms within LO and how the Swedish labour market is organized. Therefore this thesis is divided into three parts. The first part describes historical aspects of how the Swedish labour market has developed with focus on women’s salaries. The second part looks at how LO has chosen to handle the gendered wage gap during the years 2004-2012. The last part will be a critical discourse analysis of articles handling the failed coordination in 2015.
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Corrie, Joan. "The Management of Financial Resources: Post-Merger Structural Choice in a Blue Collar Union". Thesis, Griffith University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366703.

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Union mergers have occurred since unions were first established. Research on this particular aspect of the union movement is well established in the UK and the US. However, there are few studies of Australian union mergers, despite the fact that many Australian unions took part in a 'merger boom' in the 1980s and 1990s. Two of the few Australian studies, Hocking (1996) and Campling and Michelson (1998), utilised resource dependency and strategic choice theories to ascertain the why and how of union mergers. However, these Australian studies, like their UK and US counterparts, cease with the completion of the merger and, consequently, there is little known of the post-merger operation of unions. How does the integration of the merger partners - with their traditions, structures and financial arrangements - occur? This thesis rectifies the gap in the literature by means of a qualitative, longitudinal study of the merger and post-merger activities of one of the largest and most prominent unions in Australia, the Australian Manufacturing Workers' Union (AMWU), as it moved towards complete amalgamation. The thesis examines the period 1995-2003. Four of the five pre-merger unions faced a serious and continued decline in membership and all faced mounting financial deficits. From 1995, the year the various mergers were completed, membership decline continued and financial resources dwindled further, providing the impetus for further and significant post-merger changes. The analysis demonstrates that, due to a continuing lack of financial resources, the AMWU leadership initiated a budgeting strategy which influenced the actions and changed the opinions of many of the Union's officials, guiding them towards accepting integration of the constituent divisions and near complete amalgamation. The thesis answers the questions of why and how a union moves from a negotiated federated structure towards amalgamation, post merger, with a particular focus on financial decision-making processes.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
Griffith Business School
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Forsén, Sven Johan Richard. "Investigating Swedish Trade Unions’ Labor Market Preferences: the role of union member labor market risk exposure and the white-collar/blue-collar union divide". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-380569.

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In the literature on the emergence of the welfare state, the strength of trade unions and the organized working class is often touted as the primary driving force behind the welfare state project. Furthermore, much of the previous literature has tended to assume union homogeneity across countries, federations, industries and professions. What is conspicuously lacking from the current political science literature is a systematic analysis of real-world trade unions’ choice of labor market advocacy focus. Using a qualitative approach and studying both published union material as well as conducting a number of elite interviews with high-level union officials, this thesis studies the degree to which Swedish trade unions’ labor market policy preferences are defined by the union members’ labor market risk exposure and whether the union adheres to white-collar or blue-collar unionism. While the conclusions indeed suggest that labor market risk and blue-collar/white-collar unionism do have a systematic impact on cartain aspects of trade unions’ labor market advocacy, future “large N” studies utilizing alternative methodological approaches will be required to draw more easily generalizable conclusions.
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Corrie, Joan, i n/a. "The Management of Financial Resources: Post-Merger Structural Choice in a Blue Collar Union". Griffith University. Griffith Business School, 2007. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070724.091823.

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Union mergers have occurred since unions were first established. Research on this particular aspect of the union movement is well established in the UK and the US. However, there are few studies of Australian union mergers, despite the fact that many Australian unions took part in a 'merger boom' in the 1980s and 1990s. Two of the few Australian studies, Hocking (1996) and Campling and Michelson (1998), utilised resource dependency and strategic choice theories to ascertain the why and how of union mergers. However, these Australian studies, like their UK and US counterparts, cease with the completion of the merger and, consequently, there is little known of the post-merger operation of unions. How does the integration of the merger partners - with their traditions, structures and financial arrangements - occur? This thesis rectifies the gap in the literature by means of a qualitative, longitudinal study of the merger and post-merger activities of one of the largest and most prominent unions in Australia, the Australian Manufacturing Workers' Union (AMWU), as it moved towards complete amalgamation. The thesis examines the period 1995-2003. Four of the five pre-merger unions faced a serious and continued decline in membership and all faced mounting financial deficits. From 1995, the year the various mergers were completed, membership decline continued and financial resources dwindled further, providing the impetus for further and significant post-merger changes. The analysis demonstrates that, due to a continuing lack of financial resources, the AMWU leadership initiated a budgeting strategy which influenced the actions and changed the opinions of many of the Union's officials, guiding them towards accepting integration of the constituent divisions and near complete amalgamation. The thesis answers the questions of why and how a union moves from a negotiated federated structure towards amalgamation, post merger, with a particular focus on financial decision-making processes.
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Gingrich, Meg. "The Greening of Trade Unions : Factors affecting blue-collar unions action on climate and energy issues in the United States and Sweden". Thesis, Stockholm University, Stockholm Resilience Centre, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-41255.

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Important throughout the 20th century, trade unions are an influential social actor that can affect and influence various policies, public opinion, and working standards through collective agreements, social activism, and political partnerships. Both within and extending beyond the workplace, unions have at times played a role in determining solutions to environmental issues, from health and safety standards all the way to national and international policy and solidarity activity, though this subject is rarely studied or analyzed. In particular, trade union stances and action on climate and energy issues represents an under-researched, yet important topic of analysis. Using the United States and Sweden as case studies, with analysis of two blue-collar unions in each, the research analyzes the important factors affecting choices and action regarding climate and energy matters. Within the case study approach, using a neo-institutional theoretical approach, I employed qualitative methods including semi-structured interviews, complemented with primary source documentary analysis. The analysis demonstrates that two unions (one in each country) can be described as active and two as defensive on environmental issues, respectively. The United Steelworkers in the United States and Kommunal in Sweden, both affected and acting within a particular structure, have been active at combating and seeking solutions to climate change, while linking work and environmental issues at multiple levels. Key factors such as working within a social unionism paradigm; instrumental leadership combined with multilevel work; and important mergers converge to influence and define behaviour. The United Autoworkers (U.S.) and IF Metall (Sweden), both defensive, though in their own ways, are influenced by factors including historical institutional power; regional concentration of employment; and the types of employment they represent.

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BANASIAK, Sophie. "The unionisation of precarious workers : representations, problematisation and experiences in Swedish blue-collar unions in the construction and hotel-restaurant sectors". Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-52700.

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From the Polanyian perspective on the double movement of labour commodification and self-protection of Society, the aim of this study was to examine how unionists perceive and problematise precarious employment and what are their practices for unionising and thereby securing precarious workers. A double case study was conducted in the hotel-restaurant and construction sectors in Sweden with the participation of blue-collar unionists with diverse backgrounds and experiences. The results show that precarious work is associated with labour market segmentation, subcontracting and fragmentation of economic organisations, deskilling of work, loss of autonomy and sometimes over-qualification of workers. Perceived difficulties for unionisation are fear, lack of knowledge of precarious workers about their rights, membership cost, status frustration and lack of interactions with other workers. Reported practices for unionising precarious workers consist of dealing with these barriers in order to build trustful relations and empowering workers through education and inclusion in leadership positions. Actions taken to protect and secure precarious workers are strongly interlinked with their unionisation and seem to rest mainly on negotiations. The main conclusions of the study are that precarious work means a loss of control by workers over their work life stemming from labour commodification and flexibilisation due to increased management control and lack of rights and protections surrounding work. The formation of solidarities needed for unionisation is hindered by the detachment of precarious workers from the work community and by inequality regimes. The domination of fear manifests the prevalence of emotions. Therefore, the care and emotional work of unionists is essential for making workers feel confidence. Unions practices tend to lean also, to some extent, towards organising and community building models. Thereby, union agency appears to be able to engage in an interplay with structures to exert some influence on employment and industrial relations.
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Kosla, Martin T. "Crafting a Future: How Union Electricians Experience and Respond to Deskilling, Job Degradation, and Redundancy". The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1305993012.

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Haunch, Paul. "The position of blue-collar workers in UNISON : trade union merger and governance in the public services". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392552.

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Kärkkäinen, Heli. "Medkämpe i arbetarklassens stora befrielsekamp : Föreställningar om klass, kön och skötsamhet i tidningen Arbetets Kvinnor 1927-1931". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för historia och samtidsstudier, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-19824.

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This is a study of the trade union journal for female blue collar women in Sweden, Arbetets Kvinnor, between 1927 and 1931. The purpose is to examine how a female trade union activist's constructs collective identity by those notions of social class, sex, and moral values that are articulated in the journal. The main theoretical basis is Alberto Melucci's analysis where he argues that a collective identity in social movements is made in an interaction between individuals, where the action possibilities and limits are defined. Another purpose is how the female blue collar worker's resistance and/or adaption to the male hegemonic trade union and the bourgeoisie hegemonic society are presented. The essay shows how the collective identity is made of both historical and contemporary images of the working class women as workers and trade union activists. It also shows that the identity is based on an international class struggle in which the labour women walk hand in hand with the labour men, embracing social democratic ideas. The conception of the woman of the labour class is multifaceted, for example she is pictured as a class comrade and simultaneously as a one whose main purpose is motherhood. Arbetets Kvinnor shows that the trade unionist women bid the bourgeoisie dominance resistance and it also depicts the women making opposition to the male hegemony in the trade union. The moral values that are presented are solidarity, responsibility and the urge of education into making the goal of an equal society possible to reach.
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Chikane, Shulamite B. "Trade union social support and work stress: the experience of blue collar workers". Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/22466.

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A research report submitted to the Faculty of Arts, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree ot Master of Arts in Industrial Social Work by course work, 1998
This study explored the effects of perceived trade union social support on the work stress of blue collar workers. It was hypothesised that blue collar workers who obtain social support from their trade union would experience the least stress. This study is a comparative qualitative study. The sample involved 60 blue collar workers in a Telkom workshop. The role orientation questionnaire was used to test their stress levels and thereafter the trade union social support scale was used to test their levels of perceived trade union social support study revealed that blue collar workers are indeed exposed to stress, however, those that perceived the trade union as giving them social support, experienced the least stress. On the basis of the findings it is recommended that occupational social workers intervene on micro, meso and macro levels in order to help in alleviating the stress levels of blue collar workers.
AC2017
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Książki na temat "Blue collar unions"

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Nabard-i qudrathā-yi buzurg va qiyām-i kārgarān-i Iṣfahān. Ābādān: Nashr-i Pursish, 2014.

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Industriais e operário baianos numa conjuntura de crise, 1914-1921. Salvador: Federação das Indústrias do Estado da Bahia, 2004.

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In'gan ŭi kkum: Tusan Chunggongŏp nodongja Pae Tar-ho p'yŏngjŏn. Sŏul-si: Humanit'asŭ, 2011.

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Blue Collar Jesus: How Christianity Supports Workers' Rights. Seven Locks Press, 2005.

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Blue Collar Man: Patterns of Dual Allegiance in Industry. Harvard University Press, 2013.

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Lichtenstein, Nelson. Do Graduate Students Work? University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037856.003.0021.

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This chapter considers the question of whether graduate students should be categorized as workers or students. The question has been up for grabs for several years in Congress, at the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), and in the courts. The issue is important not just because such a decision will help advance or retard the enrollment of thousands of graduate students into trade unions. Rather, this is the kind of question that bedevils and confuses our understanding of the nature of work, of the purposes of the labor law, and of how we think about class in a society when the vast majority of people wear collars that are neither blue nor white.
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Spinney, Robert G. City of Big Shoulders. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501749599.001.0001.

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This book links key events in Chicago's development, from its marshy origins in the 1600s to today's robust metropolis. The book presents Chicago in terms of the people whose lives made the city–from the tycoons and the politicians to the hundreds of thousands of immigrants from all over the world. This revised and updated second edition brings Chicago's story into the twenty-first century, as it reviews the colorful and dramatic panorama of the city's explosive past. How did the pungent swamplands that the Native Americans called “the wild-garlic place” burgeon into one of the world's largest and most sophisticated cities? What is the real story behind the Great Chicago Fire? What aspects of American industry exploded with the bomb in Haymarket Square? Could the gritty blue-collar hometown of Al Capone become a visionary global city? A city of immigrants and entrepreneurs, Chicago is quintessentially American. The book brings it to life and highlights the key people, moments, and special places–from Fort Dearborn to Cabrini-Green, Marquette to Mayor Daley, the Union Stock Yards to the Chicago Bulls–that make this incredible city, the book claims, one of the best places in the world.
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Części książek na temat "Blue collar unions"

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Lytle, Mark H. "Blue-Collar Blues". W The All-Consuming Nation, 287–305. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197568255.003.0013.

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The chapter opens by exploring the travails afflicting General Motors in the 1970s that included the labor unrest at Lordstown, competition from Japanese and German imports, and its own heavily bureaucratic corporate culture. As the nation’s number one manufacturer, GM’s woes were emblematic of the decline of the American economy, leading to what Jimmy Carter described as a “crisis of confidence.” Another source of stagnation was the failure of labor unions to serve their members and to adapt to new economic realities. Labor’s miseries included the decision of United Mine Workers president Tony Boyle to have his rival for power, Jock Yablonski, murdered. Very few historians of the postwar era give labor such prominent treatment that goes on also to look at the new role of women. This was the period, after all, that in which Karen Silkwood and Norma Rae became heroic figures. Another source of union woes was Hollywood’s shift from its generally sympathetic treatment of labor and workers in the 1930s to a more skeptical and even hostile treatment in such films as Blue Collar, Joe, and Saturday Night Fever. Another schism opened in popular culture as such country and western icons as Merle Haggard, along with evangelical Christians, spoke out for patriotism and family values and against countercultural values. Herein lies a major source of the current red state–blue state divide.
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"7. Autoworkers and Their Unions". W Blue-Collar Stratification: Autoworkers in Four Countries, 138–55. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400868452-010.

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"8. Technology, Unions, and Political Ideology". W Blue-Collar Stratification: Autoworkers in Four Countries, 156–80. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400868452-011.

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"From Blue to Green: A Comparative Study of Blue-Collar Unions’ Reactions to the Climate Change Threat in the United States and Sweden". W Trade Unions in the Green Economy, 230–42. Routledge, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203109670-24.

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Kılıç, Bülent. "An Organizational Trauma Intervention". W Impact of Organizational Trauma on Workplace Behavior and Performance, 264–77. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2021-4.ch011.

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The aim of this chapter is to describe a trauma experienced among blue collar employees at the XYZ car factory in Turkey. Demonstrations led to a halt of production after the representative union signed higher salary at another factory. After the consensus among the parties the production was restarted. However, the trauma and its symptoms emerged. Conflicts and polarization rose among the workers and the employer decided to conduct an intervention program. This study focuses on the pre-intervention, pilot intervention and main intervention programs. Descriptive quotations related to the trauma and the implications of the intervention program are discussed in the light of a theoretical framework. In the present paper, a brief background of the automotive industry and labor unions will be presented. The theoretical perspective is put forward, the implemented program is described, and the descriptive findings are presented then the findings and implications are discussed.
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Stricker, Frank. "The Twenties and the Thirties". W American Unemployment, 39–68. University of Illinois Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043154.003.0003.

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Between 1921 and 1929, there were no depressions, but prosperity was accompanied by substantial unemployment, especially for farm laborers and blue-collar workers. Unions were weak and business influence strong. Income inequalities widened. The late ’20s saw an explosive combination: unregulated stock markets and mass underconsumption. The ’20s boom led to the Great Depression. Herbert Hoover’s neo-laissez-faire response failed, but it cleared the decks. President Franklin Roosevelt and other New Dealers acted to expand government functions to aid those in distress and to jump-start economic growth. The CCC, the CWA, the WPA, and the PWA are each evaluated for wage levels, job creation, and treatment of women and African Americans. Economic recovery added millions of jobs, but unemployment stayed high until World War II.
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Bulut, Ergin. "Production Error". W A Precarious Game, 141–58. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501746529.003.0008.

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This chapter reveals how even upper-rank workers are not exempt from layoffs, financial insecurity, and the anxiety of working in a hit-driven industry. While being bought out by Digital Creatives initially provided financial security for Studio Desire's game developers, Digital Creatives' hasty, adverse investment decisions destabilized their flagship studio. When Digital Creatives eventually declared bankruptcy, Studio Desire's developers found themselves working in a perpetual-growth machine without much morale. The chapter then addresses workers' indifference toward unionization. Game developers' perception of creative work—that one needs to think outside the box, that creative work is decidedly different from blue-collar work, and that therefore unions would not be helpful—is socially structured. Yet they seem to be indifferent to facing and managing risk in more collective ways.
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Drutman, Lee. "The Great Reordering of the Parties". W Breaking the Two-Party Doom Loop, 58–82. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190913854.003.0004.

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This chapter details how the parties went from being loose, incoherent coalitions of state and local parties to distinct national parties with very different visions for the country. Parties at mid-century were incoherent bottom-up confederation of state and local parties, where state and local "bosses" held most of the power. Their national brands were more indistinct. However, as issues nationalized, particularly civil rights, the parties became more nationalized as well. Labor unions, which had once been a powerful force for economic voting, declined. And blue-collar whites, who had once voted Democratic for economic reasons, began voting Republican for cultural reasons. No one factor alone explains the re-alignment and re-ordering of American politics. Complex interacting and reinforcing trends separated the party coalitions into distinct camps over many years. As the new coalitions unified around cultural issues, economic concerns took a secondary role in partisanship. This elevation of culture-war politics, more than anything else, created the distinct and charged divisions that now define the two-party coalitions. This divide is driving the toxic politics of today.
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Kolstø, Pål. "Nationalism, Ethnic Conflict and Job Competition: Non-Russian Collective Action in the Ussr Under Perestroika". W Strategic Uses of Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict, 55–73. Edinburgh University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474495004.003.0003.

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Chapter 3 follows up the effect of job competition on ethnic relations but examining the situation of the multinational Soviet state during perestroika. Demographic increase leads to competition for blue-collar jobs, whereas an increase in the number of graduates from higher education leads to competition over elite jobs. In the first case, people risk unemployment; in the second, blocked career opportunities. Mass-level unemployment may lead to anger-driven mass riots, while a nationally conscious intelligentsia in a multi-ethnic environment may formulate more rational strategies to eliminate threatening competitors from the labour market. One such strategy is to insist that the state should be a national state with the indigenous national elites in control. Whereas questions of identity have enormous mobilising power in times of national resurgence, identity issues are normally intermeshed with interest politics. I trace these mechanisms through the history of ethnic mobilisation and nationalism in the late Soviet Union and the immediate aftermath of its collapse, drawing on, inter alia, Susan Olzak’s theory of ethnic competition on the labour market and Ernest Geller’s theory of ethnic elite mobilization.
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Pereira, Inês Veiga, José Duarte Santos i Inês Nunes de Carvalho. "Colour Theory in Healthcare Corporate Identity". W Management and Marketing for Improved Competitiveness and Performance in the Healthcare Sector, 168–87. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7263-4.ch008.

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This study aims to analyse the colours associated with Portuguese healthcare units and medical centres—namely the colour of their logo, through environmental colour mapping—and understand if the colour management choices match the desired perception of a healthcare unit and identify new colour combinations that can serve as a differentiation factor and simultaneously get the desired interpretation of the brand. The logos of 24 healthcare centres were randomly selected. The images were collected through the SNS web page dedicated to each facility and were later processed in Adobe Photoshop CC. The colours of each logo were catalogued and sorted according to their hue. It was observed that the majority of the colours used corresponded to blues and greens, which was to be expected considering their symbolism: stability, calm, relaxation, and serenity. Lastly, four new colour schemes were created, which, in addition to being differentiated from the previously identified schemes, are evocative of desirable characteristics for a brand associated with a healthcare unit.
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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Blue collar unions"

1

Eisner, Alvin. "Foveal visual functions in older eyes with good acuity". W OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1986.wf1.

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Systematic differences of foveal sensitivity exist among people aged sixty and older who have good acuity and good ocular health in each eye. For example, absolute threshold to 660-nm tests increases with age. The rate of increase is ~0.1 log units per decade. Not surprisingly, blue cone threshold also Increases with age. However, the rate of increase of blue cone threshold appears to be greater for women than for men. Some visual functions do not change with age, at least when change is defined cross sectionally. For example, the rate of threshold recovery following a bleach does not change with age. Nevertheless, the rate of threshold recovery following a bleach can be a sensitive indicator of retinal health, even among eyes which have 20/20 acuity. Specifically, eyes with 20/20 acuity having many macular drusen have slow rates of recovery, at least for that population of eyes whose fellow eye has exudative aging macular degeneration (AMD). Eyes with good acuity but whose fellow eye has exudative AMD tend to have high absolute thresholds at 660 nm and high blue cone thresholds. The elevation of blue cone threshold is greater for 1° than for 3° stimuli. A disproportionate number of these eyes do not have measurable color match area effects, implying that they have low effective foveal cone photopigment densities. Surprisingly, however, red/green color discrimination is no worse for these 20/20 eyes whose fellow eye has exudative AMD than for normal 20/20 eyes.
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Calkins, David J. "Discrimination and sensation in the opponent colors channels". W OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.thdd7.

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"Indiscriminability action spectra" of the red/green opponent channel can be measured by using a foveally presented 500 ms raised cosine without spatial edges. These spectra represent lights that are rendered indiscriminable at a cone-antagonistic locus. I found that mid-waveand long-wave low-frequency stimuli falling on the same contour, when presented simultaneously on an intense 578 nm adapting field, cancel the "green" and "red" sensations, respectively, elicited by each. That is, the isocancellation contours of the red/green channel are identical to the indiscriminability spectra. Also, using the low-frequency stimulus, I isolated a short-wave mechanism that codes a single "violet" both at and above threshold. Lights between 400 and 489 nm, which fall on the same indiscriminability contour up to 2 log units suprathreshold, are indiscriminable. This single "violet" is distinct from a single "blue" elicited by a second short-wave mechanism whose sensitivity is suppressed by a 578 nm adapting field. This mechanism is manifestly opponent since the color it codes is cancelled by an appropriate yellow low-frequency light.
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Azwar, Olivia, Dian Permanasari, Nadia Ardikani, Nabilah Adani, Didit Kusuma, Budi Abrar, Taufik Nordin i in. "Integration of High-Definition Karst Mapping and Quantitative Porosity Analysis from Borehole Image to Improve Well Placement in Complex Carbonate Reservoir of East Java Basin". W ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211708-ms.

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Abstract The CD Carbonate in X-Field, East Java Basin has multiple reservoir targets with varying flow units, predominantly because of secondary porosity development from karst processes. Each of these reservoirs are relatively thin and the continuity of the karst within the reservoir is random. The amount of producible hydrocarbon will rest on the length of the drain section along the reservoir and the amount of karst intersected by the trajectory. Thus, maintaining the trajectory inside the carbonate reservoir while targeting the karst position is important for productivity. To maintain the production in the field, a new platform was built to the southeast of the first platform, aiming for a new development area. Five horizontal wells were planned as part of the second development phase. The first horizontal well is the most challenging one because of the high uncertainty of the structural dips along the lateral length triggered by the low seismic resolution and the limited nearby offset wells for control points. Moreover, the offset wells show inconsistent log properties that complicate the correlation to land into the targeted karst level within the reservoir. Initially, a pilot hole was planned to reduce the landing uncertainties; however, it was being challenged for cost efficiency. Therefore, a well placement strategy was proposed instead, including landing and geosteering using a new logging-while-drilling (LWD) combination of advanced high-definition reservoir mapping technology, high-resolution laterolog borehole imaging technology, and a multifunction LWD tool. In this paper we demonstrate the complete preparation of the well placement project, strategy, and evaluation using this new LWD combination for better interpretation of the reservoir. The deeper reading and higher resolution of the new reservoir mapping technology have permitted continuous mapping of the target reservoir, which typically has 35- to 50-ft thickness, to reduce the structural uncertainties from seismic. For the first time, it successfully revealed the karst network within the reservoir with greater details, identified by a blue-vein color spectrum of the resistivity inversion caused by seawater invasion or clay-filled karst. This high-definition karst mapping has helped to land the well precisely at the target karst sweet spot, improving the understanding of the karst characters along the trajectory, and providing higher confidence in the real-time geosteering decision. The high-resolution borehole image revealed the carbonate rock texture and karst/vugs appearance on a smaller scale, which was used to analyze the secondary porosity distribution and contribution along the trajectory using a quantitative image-based porosity analysis method. By integrating the high-definition reservoir mapping inversion interpretation and porosity analysis from a high-resolution borehole image, we were able to bridge the gap from seismic to reservoir scale, and finally to link the karst scale down to the vug pore sizes, for a better geological understanding and an improved geosteering strategy in the field.
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