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1
Garcia-Soto, Carlos. "Evolution and structure of a shelf coccolithophore bloom in the western English Channel." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240659.
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Achike, Francis Ifejika. "The cardiovascular responses to calcium channel blockers in rats subjected to blood gas/pH changes." Thesis, [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1990. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12937095.
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Ayatollahi, Ahmad. "A three channel pulsed doppler skin blood flowmeter." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260814.
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Sun, Yue. "Channel modelling of blood capillary-based molecular communication." Thesis, University of Essex, 2018. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/22451/.
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Molecular communication (MC) is a new and promising interdisciplinary bio-inspired communication paradigm, which uses molecules as information carriers. Differing from traditional communication, MC is proposed as a feasible solution for nanoscale communication with the help of biological scenarios to overcome the communication limitations. Meanwhile, it is inspired by intracellular and intercellular communication, which involves exchange of information through the transmission, propagation, and reception of molecules. Blood capillaries, extensively distributed in the human body and mutually connected with tissues, are potentially applied to MC, which is the major motivation of this thesis. The focus of this PhD thesis is on the channel modelling of blood capillaries or blood vessels. The objectives of the research are to provide solutions to the modelling of blood capillary-based MC from a communication engineering and information theory perspective. The relationship of the biological scenario in blood capillaries to a communication system is studied. After demonstrating the mapping from biological phenomenon to emission, propagation and reception processes, system models are established. There are three models of blood capillaries behind different biological scenarios. Firstly, the thesis establishes a basic model of vesicle release, vesicle diffusion through blood capillary and ligand reception processes within the endocrine phenomenon. Moreover, differing from previous research in macroscopic Fick's diffusion, this work involves microscopic Langevin diffusion to describe the propagation process with a frequency domain method being proposed to calculate the information-theoretical performance channel capacity. Secondly, a much more realistic blood capillary model with blood flow drift which matches a laminar flow regime is presented, where a generalised Langevin equation is used to model the drift force exerted by blood flow. Finally, the thesis establishes a single input and multiple output MC model with hierarchical levels of Y-shaped bifurcation of blood capillaries, then BER, SNR, and channel capacity performance are analysed.
5
Desta, B. "Modulation of uterine contractility and blood flow by calcium channel antagonists." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380583.
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Wiemuth, Dominik, and n/a. "Regulation of the epithelial sodium channel (ENac) by ubiquitination." University of Otago. Department of Physiology, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20061127.162243.
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The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is the central component of the sodium absorption pathway in epithelia. It is critical for sodium homeostasis and blood pressure control, which is demonstrated by rare genetic disorders such as Liddle�s syndrome and pseudohypoaldosteronism type I, that are associated with hyper- and hypotension, respectively.
ENaC is mainly regulated by mechanisms that control the expression of active channels at the cell surface. Ubiquitin ligases of the Nedd4-like family, such as Nedd4 and Nedd4-2 decrease epithelial sodium absorption by binding to and targeting ENaC for endocytosis and degradation. This is most likely achieved by catalyzing the ubiquitination of ENaC. Conversely the serum- and glucocorticoid regulated kinase (SGK) increases ENaC activity. This effect is partly mediated by the interaction of SGK with the ubiquitin ligases Nedd4 and Nedd4-2. SGK is able to bind to both Nedd4 and Nedd4-2, however only Nedd4-2 is phosphorylated by SGK. The phosphorylation of Nedd4-2 inhibits its interaction with ENaC, thus reducing ENaC ubiquitination, thereby increasing surface expression and sodium absorption.
Nedd4-like proteins interact with ENaC via their WW-domains. These domains bind PY-motifs (PPXY) present in ENaC subunits. Nedd4 and Nedd4-2 both have four highly similar WW-domains. Previous studies have shown that interaction between Nedd4 and ENaC is mainly mediated by WW-domain 3. SGK also has a PY-motif; therefore it was analyzed whether the WW-domains of Nedd4 and Nedd4-2 mediate binding to SGK. Here, it is shown that single or tandem WW-domains of Nedd4 and Nedd4-2 mediate binding to SGK and that, despite their high similarity, different WW-domains of Nedd4 and Nedd4-2 are involved. These data also suggest that WW-domains 2 and 3 of Nedd4-2 mediate the interaction with SGK in a concerted manner, and that in vitro the phosphorylation of SGK at serine residue 422 increases its affinity for the WW-domains of Nedd4-2.
The stimulatory effect of SGK on ENaC activity is partly mediated via Nedd4-2 and will decrease if competition between Nedd4 and Nedd4-2 for binding to SGK occurs. Here it is shown that Nedd4 and Nedd4-2 are located in the same subcellular compartment and that they compete for binding to SGK.
Besides its function in the proteasomal degradation pathway ubiquitination is involved in the regulation of membrane protein trafficking, including their endocytosis. ENaC was shown previously to be ubiquitinated. Here, we provide evidence that ENaC can be ubiquitinated differentially depending on its cellular location. Channels residing in the plasma membrane are multiubiquitinated and we suggest that this serves as an internalization signal for ENaC and a control for further trafficking. Cytosolic ENaC is mainly polyubiquitinated, and therefore probably targeted for proteasomal degradation. However, mono- and multiubiquitination of ENaC located within the cytosol is very likely to occur as well. In addition, it is shown that both proteasomal and lysosomal pathways are involved in the regulation of ENaC.
7
Sarphie, Anna Frances. "Changes in blood coagulation associated with hyperlipidaemia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319009.
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Waber, Urs. "Hyperventilation-induced changes of the blood picture /." [S.l : s.n.], 1985. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Omar, Ayad Saad Abulgasem. "Studies on haematological changes in response to acute exercise in humans." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343122.
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Dyrda, Agnieszka. "Dynamical behavior of the human red blood cell ionic channels." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S139.
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Erythrocytes are one of the cellular models frequently used to decipher the physiology of membrane transport. However, if pumps, antiporters and cotransporters are now well defined, the molecular identity and the physiological role of the conductive pathways present in the membrane of red blood cell (RBC) is still elusive albeit the growing evidences of their role in physiological and pathological conditions. The present work, using the patch clamp technique and biophysical studies, shows that: 1) The changes in osmotic fragility observed after Gardos channel dependent dehydration is mainly not due to rehydration of the cell via membrane transporters but rather due to change in membrane properties elicited by the Ca2+ loading. It reflects a specific calcium-induced lytic vulnerability of the membrane leading to rupture before the cells attain their maximal spherical volumes. 2) The Gardos channel can be transiently activated when seal formation induces membrane deformation. This phenomenon can result only from activation of a permeability pathway with a finite Ca2+ conductance. This transient activity generates secondary transient anionic channel activity that has been studied further. 3) The diversity of anionic channel activities recorded in normal human RBCs, as well as in P. Falciparum-infected RBCs, corresponds to different kinetic modalities of a unique type of maxi anion channel with multiple conductance levels, gating properties and pharmacology. Finally, the present work contributes to the understanding of the role of ion channels in RBCs and opens questions on the contribution of ion channels in the rheological properties of RBCs. Keywords: erythrocyte, ionic channels, osmotic fragility, patch clamp technique<br>Les érythrocytes sont un des modèles pour l’étude des voies de transport membranaire. Si les pompes, les antiports et les cotransports sont bien définis, l’identité moléculaire et le rôle physiologique des voies de conductances du globule rouge restent méconnus. Le présent travail réalisé à l’aide des techniques de patch-clamp montre que : 1) Les changements de fragilité osmotique observés lors d’une déhydratation des cellules après stimulation du canal Gardos, ne sont pas dus à une réhydration des cellules via l’activation de transporteurs, mais à des changements de propriétés de la membrane liées à l’augmentation du [Ca2+]i. Elle reflète une vulnérabilité spécifique de la membrane au Ca2+, induisant la rupture de la membrane avant que la cellule n’ait atteint son volume critique. 2) Le canal Gardos peut-être activé transitoirement lors d’épisode de déformation de la membrane. Ce phénomène ne peut être que le résultat de l’activation d’une voie de perméabilité au Ca2+ ayant une conductance déterminée. 3) L’activité transitoire du canal Gardos active secondairement une voie de conductance anionique. La diversité des canaux anioniques précédemment décrits dans la membrane des érythrocytes humains correspond à l’activité d’un unique canal anionique de type maxi-chlorure ayant des modalités d’activation et de fonctionnement (état d’ouverture multiple, cinétique, pharmacologie…) différentes en fonction des conditions expérimentales. Ce travail contribue à une meilleure compréhension des canaux ioniques présents dans la membrane du globule rouge et permet d’envisager la participation de ces canaux dans la régulation des propriétés rhéologiques des globules rouges. Mots clés: érythrocyte, canaux ioniques, fragilité osmotique, patch clamp
11
Derot, Jonathan. "Utilisation des données de MAREL Carnot pour la compréhension des mécanismes des extrêmes dans la qualité des eaux à Boulogne-sur-Mer." Thesis, Littoral, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DUNK0375/document.
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L'objectif principal de cette thèse est la caractérisation des dynamiques hautes fréquance en milieu côtier et en particulier leurs extrêmes, par l'intermédiaire de l'étude de série temporelle biogéochimiques à long terme enregistrées par des systèmes automatisés. Les bases de données hautes fréquences utilisées dans cette étude proviennent majoritairement du programme MAREL, qui a été mise en oeuvre par l'IFREMER. Des séries temporelles basses fréquences provenant des programmes de surveillance du littoral SOMLIT (CNRS, INSU) et SRN (Ifremer) sont mises à contribution pour appuyer l'importance des systèmes automatisés. La méthode EMD (Empirical Mode Decomposition) nous a servi de base dans de nombreuses analyses pour étudier ces séries temporelles. Nous avons aussi utilisé des méthodes plus classiques empruntées aux domaines de l'analyse numérique et de la turbulence. Cette études se décompose en 3 parties, et plusieurs annexes. Les matériels et méthodes sont présentés dans la première partie. Dans la seconde partie, la méthode EMD nous a permis de mettre en avant les fortes fluctuations contenues dans les blooms, ainsi que de mener des analyses spectrales grâce à un couplage avec la transformée de Hilbert. L'analyse en composante principale (ACP) a mis en avant les principaux forçages exercés sur la production primaire et les profils de température SOMLIT laissent supposer un impact de la stratification sur l'intensité des blooms. Dans la troisième partie, nous avons mené une étude comparative entre les données basses fréquences et hautes fréquences. Et deux méthodes de cross-corrélation (TDIC et co-spectre) nous ont permis de définir une échelle caractéristique de transition entre les températures de la Manche occidentale et orientale. En annexe, nous avons testé la robustesse de différentes méthodes d'analyses spectrales quant au manque de données dans les séries temporelles, qui est un problème inhérent aux bases de données enregistrées par des systèmes automatisés, et nous avons reproduit un article qui est en cours de soumission<br>The main objective of this thesis is the characterization of high frequency dynamics in coastal areas and in particular their extremes, through the study of long-term biodeochemical time series registered by automated systems. The majority of high-frequency data sets used in this study came from MAREL program. The low-frequency time series from coastal monitoring programs SOMLIT (CNRS, INSU) and SRN (Ifremer) are employed to support the importance of automated systems. The EMD (Empirical Mode decomposition) method has provided a basis for us to study several of these time series. We also have used some methods more classical borrowed from numerical analysis field and turbulence. This study is organized in three chapters, and several appendices. The first chapter is devoted to the material and method. In the second chapter, using the EMD method we have highlighted the strong fluctuations contained in the blooms, and we have performed spectral analyzes. The principal component analysis (PCA) highlighted the main forcing exerted on primary production and SOMLIT temperature profiles suggest an impact of stratification on the intensity of blooms. In the third chapter, we conducted a comparative study between low-frequency and high-frequency data. Two cross-correlation methods (TDIC and co-spectra) allowed us to define a characteristic transition scale between the temperatures of the western and eastern English Cahnnel. In appendices we tested the robustness of different spectral analysis methods about the missing data in the time series, which is an underlying problem in the database registered by automated systems, and we reproduce a paper, which is under submission
12
Suontaka, Anna-Maija. "Haemostatic changes in plasma for transfusion during preparation and storage /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-449-X/.
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Liu, Ming. "Blood Flow in Micro-Channel Capillary Using Non-Newtonian Viscosity: A Numerical Study." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1212071705.
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Robinson, Thompson Gordon. "The blood pressure and baroreceptor changes following acute stroke." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29359.
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This thesis examines aspects of blood pressure (BP) and its control in clinical studies during the acute and subacute phases of stroke.;Casual and 24-hour BP levels fall spontaneously during the first week following acute stroke. Higher 24-hour systolic BP (SBP) levels within the first 24 hours of ictus are associated with an increased likelihood of poor short-term outcome, whether assessed by death, dependency in activities of daily living or neurological outcome.;Following acute stroke, not only are BP levels raised, but there is an increase in short-term SBP variability. This may reflect an impairment in cardiac baroreceptor sensitivity, as assessed by time and frequency domain analysis techniques. There is no evidence of increased sympathetic nervous system activity (SNSA) in acute stroke patients compared to control subjects as reflected by the ratio of low-to-high frequency pulse interval variability (a surrogate market of SNSA), though this ratio was altered in favour of sympathetic predominance in right compared to left hemisphere strokes. Changes in autonomic control of BP variability are seen in the high frequency region following acute stroke, probably reflecting the mechanical effects of respiration.;However, an impairment in baroreceptor-mediated vasomotor control also appears to be present in the acute stroke period, as demonstrated by impaired forearm vascular resistance (FVR), responses to hypotensive lower body negative pressure. Furthermore, BP falls significantly in response to orthostatic, but not postprandial, stress in stroke patients, with no significant change in FVR.;Acute stroke is associated with increased BP levels which convey an adverse prognosis. This and the increased short-term BP variability after acute stroke may be related to changes in both cardiac baroreceptor sensitivity and control of vasomotor tone in the post-ictal period.
15
Daskoulidou, Nikoleta. "Regulation of store-operated channel molecules ORAI and STIM by oxidative stress in blood vessels." Thesis, University of Hull, 2013. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:17230.
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ORAI and STIM genes are recently identified store-operated calcium channel molecules that play important roles in human physiology. In this thesis, the effects of oxidative stress conditions including high glucose, homocysteine and H₂O₂ on the expression of ORAI and STIM, Ca²⁺ influx, ORAI channel activity and potential underlying mechanisms were investigated using cell models and in vivo tissue samples from diabetic patients and mice. ORAI1-3 and STIM1-2 were detected in vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells using RT-PCR, western blotting and immunostaining. Their expression was upregulated by chronic treatment with high glucose in cell models. The upregulation was also observed in human aorta from Type 2 diabetic patients and kidney tissues from streptozotocin-induced and Akita Type 1 diabetic mouse models. The high glucose-induced gene upregulation was prevented by the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporin A and store-operated channel blocker diethylstilbestrol. H₂O₂ also upregulated ORAI1-3 and STIM1-2, however, homocysteine increased STIM1-2 expression, but downregulated ORAI1-3. Ca²⁺ influx and ORAI channel activity were investigated using Ca²⁺ imaging and whole-cell patch clamp. Chronic treatment with high glucose enhanced storeoperated Ca²⁺ influx in endothelial cells, but there was no effect if treated acutely. In HEK-293 cells overexpressing STIM1/ORAI1-3, high glucose had no acute effect on ORAI1-3 currents, but homocysteine decreased the currents. The cytosolic STIM1 movement was monitored by live-cell fluorescence imaging. Oxidative stress did not change STIM1-EYFP translocation and clustering after Ca²⁺ store-depletion. The effect of hyperosmolarity on STIM and ORAI expression and channel activity was also investigated. Hyperosmolarity inhibited ORAI1-3 currents and downregulated ORAI1-3 and STIM1-2 gene expression, but did not alter cytosolic STIM1-EYFP translocation. It is concluded that store-operated channel molecules, STIMs and ORAIs, are new proteins regulated by oxidative stress, especially in diabetes, which may provide a novel concept for the abnormality of Ca²⁺ homeostasis in blood vessels from patients with diabetes.
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Kelly, David Andrew. "Changes in jejunal villous blood flow in response to indomethacin." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286454.
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Egleton, Richard Daniel. "Blood brain barrier changes in animal models of multiple sclerosis." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307652.
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Stonier, Clive. "Oestrogen-induced blood pressure changes in the rat : putative mechanisms." Thesis, Keele University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254955.
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Gruionu, Gabriel. "Structural adaptation of arcade arteries to changes in blood flow." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280607.
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Arcades are blood vessels that form direct connections between two arteries or arterioles. Because they are supplied with blood from two sources, arcades can function as alternative flow pathways following obstruction of arteries or arterioles, as in coronary and peripheral vascular disease and stroke. In response to changes in blood flow or metabolic conditions, vascular networks undergo structural adaptation or remodeling, which includes structural changes of the existing vessels and growth of new vessels. Following obstruction of a blood supply, arcade vessels may adjust their internal diameters chronically to convert the alternative pathways into main blood distribution vessels. The overall goal of this dissertation was to examine structural changes in the internal diameter of a single arcade artery and the arterioles of an arcade network following changes in blood flow, using experimental and theoretical approaches. Diameter changes of the mouse gracilis arcade artery were observed up to 56 days following resection of one of its two blood supplies. Overall, diameters increased to a maximum around day 21 and then declined. The diameter changes were spatially non-uniform, being largest towards the point of resection, providing transiently increased perfusion to the most affected regions. Observed diameter changes were compared with predictions of a theoretical model, in which diameter varies in response to stimuli derived from local metabolic and hemodynamic conditions. Good agreement was found when effects of a time-delayed growth stimulus in regions of reduced perfusion were included, with a delay of about 7 days. The effectiveness of arcades in maintaining perfusion both immediately following obstruction and after structural adaptation in the arteriolar arcade network between two feed artery branches of the pig triceps brachii muscle was examined. Morphometric data from vascular casting and published data were used to develop a computational model for the hemodynamics and structural adaptation of the network in response to local stimuli. The results show that the arcades provide alternative flow pathways to the region initially supplied by the obstructed branch and that structural adaptation can lead to improved flow restoration following interruption of blood flow.
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Mtetandaba, Aphiwe. "The use of operational harmful algal bloom monitoring systems in South Africa to assess long term changes to bloom occurrence & impacts for aquaculture." Master's thesis, Faculty of Science, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33842.
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The south coast of South Africa is a very dynamic, productive, high energy environment and is considered to be a generally challenging setting for in-water aquaculture. One of the largest environmental threats to aquaculture are harmful algal blooms (HABs), a natural ecological phenomenon often accompanied by severe impacts on coastal resources and local economies. There is a wide variety of potentially harmful blooming species in the region, with impacts resulting from both toxicity and the negative effects associated with high biomass. While HABs are fairly well documented around the southern Benguela area, the primary concern is the lack of long-term data showing if blooms are becoming more frequent, persistent or are having greater impact over the last decades, consistent with environmental change experienced in the region. For this study, high-resolution satellite remote sensing observations from 16 years of MODIS-Aqua (1 km) and one month of Sentinel-3 OLCI (300 m), using regionally optimised blended algorithms, were used to investigate the spatial distribution and temporal variability of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) along the south coast of South Africa. A Chl-a threshold of 27 mg m−3 was used as an analytic to identify the occurrence of high biomass blooms in the remote sensing data. Phytoplankton count data from aquaculture farms are used to provide information corresponding to changes in phytoplankton community structure, and to investigate the distribution and seasonal trends of HABs along the south coast. To further explore the spatial and temporal distribution, phytoplankton species considered harmful for this study were identified and classified to their seasonal occurrence: some species were consistently present throughout the years, however each region showed contrasting seasonality. A second interest of this study is linked to assessing the capacity of the aquaculture industry to make profitable use of existing observational and early warning tools. The impact of HABs on the environment or in aquaculture facilities can be potentially mitigated by increasing the industry awareness and early warnings of HAB development. In this regard, the Fisheries and Aquaculture Decision Support Tool (DeST) was used in order to develop short term alerts on HAB development. The EO analyses conducted here specifically use the same methods used by this DeST to demonstrate the use of this tool for historical analysis in addition to real time alerting. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the tool and how the aquaculture farmers use the ABSTRACT information provided on the DeST, an online user feedback was generated, and distributed to all stakeholders via email
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DEVARAKONDA, SURENDRA BALAJI. "BIOPARTICLE SEPARATION IN NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID USING PULSED FLOW IN MICRO-CHANNELS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1155322288.
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Novychenko, S. D. "Influence of ACE inhibitors and calcium channel blockers on the blood circulation in the kidney parenchyma." Thesis, БДМУ, 2021. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18907.
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Figueras, Cecile Amanda. "The effects of geometric changes on flow patterns in anastomotic grafts." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16751.
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Reid, John M. "Role of K⺠channels during hypoxia and metabolic inhibition in the rat brain." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308872.
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Cenic, Aleksa. "Changes in cerebral blood volume and blood flow in brain tumours during propofol or isoflurane anaesthesia and hyperventilation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq30759.pdf.
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Tarabanchuk, V. V. "Luminescenсe changes of venous blood plasma in patients with acute pancreatitis". Thesis, БДМУ, 2022. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/19666.
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Tarabanchuk, V. V. "Changes in the optical properties of blood in acute edematous pancreatitis." Thesis, БДМУ, 2020. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18148.
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Bastianini, Stefano <1983>. "Sleep-related changes in blood pressure in hypocretin-deficient narcoleptic mice." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3488/1/Bastianini_Stefano_tesi.pdf.
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Objectives. Blood pressure (BP) physiologically has higher and lower values during the active and rest period, respectively. Subjects failing to show the appropriate BP decrease (10-20%) on passing form diurnal activity to nocturnal rest and sleep have increased risk of target organ damage at the cardiac, vascular and cerebrovascular levels.
Hypocretin (HCRT) releasing neurons, mainly located in the lateral hypothalamus, project widely to the central nervous system. Thus HCRT neurons are involved in several autonomic functions, including BP regulation. HCRT neurons also play a key role in wake-sleep cycle regulation, the lack of which becomes evident in HCRT-deficient narcoleptic patients.
I investigated whether chronic lack of HCRT signaling alters BP during sleep in mouse models of narcolepsy.
Methods. The main study was performed on HCRT-ataxin3 transgenic mice (TG) with selective post-natal ablation of HCRT neurons, HCRT gene knockout mice (KO) with preserved HCRT neurons, and Wild-Type control mice (WT) with identical genetic background. Experiments where replicated on TG and WT mice with hybrid genetic background (hTG and hWT, respectively).
Mice were implanted with a telemetric pressure transducer (TA11PA-C10, DSI) and electrodes for discriminating wakefulness (W), rapid-eye-movement sleep (REMS) and non-REMS (NREMS). Signals were recorded for 3 days. Mean BP values were computed in each wake-sleep state and analyzed by ANOVA and t-test with significance at p<0.05.
Results. The decrease in BP between either NREMS or REMS and W was significantly blunted in TG and KO with respect to WT as well as in hTG with respect to hWT.
Conclusions. Independently from the genetic background, chronic HCRT deficiency leads to a decreased BP difference between W and sleep potentially adverse in narcoleptic subjects. These data suggest that HCRT play an important role in the sleep-dependent cardiovascular control.
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Bastianini, Stefano <1983>. "Sleep-related changes in blood pressure in hypocretin-deficient narcoleptic mice." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3488/.
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Objectives. Blood pressure (BP) physiologically has higher and lower values during the active and rest period, respectively. Subjects failing to show the appropriate BP decrease (10-20%) on passing form diurnal activity to nocturnal rest and sleep have increased risk of target organ damage at the cardiac, vascular and cerebrovascular levels.
Hypocretin (HCRT) releasing neurons, mainly located in the lateral hypothalamus, project widely to the central nervous system. Thus HCRT neurons are involved in several autonomic functions, including BP regulation. HCRT neurons also play a key role in wake-sleep cycle regulation, the lack of which becomes evident in HCRT-deficient narcoleptic patients.
I investigated whether chronic lack of HCRT signaling alters BP during sleep in mouse models of narcolepsy.
Methods. The main study was performed on HCRT-ataxin3 transgenic mice (TG) with selective post-natal ablation of HCRT neurons, HCRT gene knockout mice (KO) with preserved HCRT neurons, and Wild-Type control mice (WT) with identical genetic background. Experiments where replicated on TG and WT mice with hybrid genetic background (hTG and hWT, respectively).
Mice were implanted with a telemetric pressure transducer (TA11PA-C10, DSI) and electrodes for discriminating wakefulness (W), rapid-eye-movement sleep (REMS) and non-REMS (NREMS). Signals were recorded for 3 days. Mean BP values were computed in each wake-sleep state and analyzed by ANOVA and t-test with significance at p<0.05.
Results. The decrease in BP between either NREMS or REMS and W was significantly blunted in TG and KO with respect to WT as well as in hTG with respect to hWT.
Conclusions. Independently from the genetic background, chronic HCRT deficiency leads to a decreased BP difference between W and sleep potentially adverse in narcoleptic subjects. These data suggest that HCRT play an important role in the sleep-dependent cardiovascular control.
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Louchart, Arnaud. "Dynamique spatio-temporelle des communautés phytoplanctoniques côtières et de leurs caractéristiques intrinsèques, à partir d'une approche automatisée à haute résolution Phytoplankton distribution from Western to Central English Channel, revealed by automated flow cytometry during the summer-fall transition Spatial niches of phytoplankton functional groups assessed during a spring bloom development in two temperate coastal seas Untangling the vertical distribution of phytoplankton groups along a salinity gradient through the Baltic Sea and the Skagerrak-Kattegat straits." Thesis, Littoral, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020DUNK0556.
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Au sein des écosystèmes côtiers, la composition, la distribution et la dynamique phytoplanctoniques sont influencées par les variations spatio-temporelles des structures hydrologiques et des para mètres biogéochimiques, sous les pressions naturelles et anthropiques. Les suivis de référence, de par leur faible résolution spatiale et temporelle, peuvent manquer des événements-clés comme l'initiation ou la fin des efflorescences ou nuisibles (du type Harmful Algal Blooms). Pour permettre leur détection et mieux comprendre la distribution et la dynamique de ce compartiment à la base des réseaux trophiques et acteur majeur des cycles biogéochimiques, l'utilisation d'approches automatisées à haute fréquence permet de compléter les approches taxonomiques par la caractérisation fonctionnelle de l'ensemble du spectre de taille du phytoplancton. Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude des caractéristiques morphologiques et physiologiques des groupes fonctionnels phytoplanctoniques définis à partir de leurs propriétés optiques à l'échelle de l'individu, rencontrés dans des mers épi-et intracontinentales contrastées en utilisant la cytométrie en flux automatisée de type "pulse-shape-recording". Tout d'abord, la distribution des groupes phytoplanctoniques et de leurs traits ont été explorés en Manche occidentale et centrale lors de la transition été-automne, ce qui a permis de mettre en évidence la formation de patches d'abondance et de biomasse à proximité du front d'Ouessant et une structuration à sub-mésoéchelle. En deuxième lieu, la dynamique des groupes fonctionnels phytoplanctoniques en Manche orientale et sud Mer du Nord a été étudiée pendant la période de développement des blooms printaniers de diatomées et de Phaeocystis globosa, avec l'utilisation de la LCBD et de la SCBD permettant l'observation de ségrégation spatiale entre groupes phytoplanctoniques dont leur distribution est expliquées par les paramètres de niche (marginalité et tolérance). Enfin, l'étude des paramètres conditionnant la distribution spatiale verticale le long d'un gradient de salinité en Mer Baltique a été abordée pendant la période estivale, en relation avec les propriétés biogéochimiques des masses d'eaux, qui a permis d'identifier les caractéristiques des groupes phytoplanctoniques participant à la distribution des groupes phytoplanctoniques. Les variations des traits ressortent comme étant les meilleurs prédicteurs de la distribution horizontale et verticale vis-à-vis des paramètres de niche et des descripteurs spatiaux (dispersion, paramètres physiques et biologiques). L'approche par traits fonctionnels, dérivés des mesures optiques à haute résolution, couplée à l'analyse de niche permettent d'avancer dans la compréhension des réponses des communautés aux gradients environnementaux, elles-mêmes détectées par les mesures d'indices de diversité. Ce travail a bénéficié de l'appui des projets régionaux (CPER MARCO), nationaux (convention MTES-CNRS) et européens (JERICO-NEXT)<br>In coastal ecosystems, phytoplankton composition, distribution and dynamics are strongly influenced by spatial and temporal variations of hydrological structures and biogeochemical parameters, consequences of natural and anthropogenic pressures. Reference monitoring, due to its low spatial and temporal resolution, may fail to detect key events as the initiation and end of phytoplankton outbursts or harmful algal blooms (HABs). By increasing the spatial and/or temporal resolution as well as completing taxonomical counting by investigating the phytoplankton whole size spectra, the use of automated sensors may allow contributing to a better understanding of the distribution and dynamics of this major player in biogeochemichal cycles, at the basis of most foof webs. This thesis consists in studying the characteristics of phytoplankton functional groups defined from their optical properties at the single-cell level, in relation to spatio-temporal variability encountered in contrasting marginal seas, applying the pulse shape-recording automated flow cytometry. This functional classification reflects the diversity of particles according to morphological and physiological properties. First of all, the distribution of phytoplankton groups and their traits where explored in the Western and Central English Channel during the summer period. Most groups formed patches of abundance and biomass near the Ushant front and were structured at the sub-mesoscale. Secondly, phytoplankton functional groups dynamics was characterized in the Eastern English Channel and Southern North Sea during the development period of diatoms and Phaeocystis globosa spring groups, by calculating LCBD and SCBD, wich allowed the observation of spatial segregation between phytoplankton groups. Their distribution was explained by the niche parameters (marginality and tolerance). Finally, the vertical distribution of phytoplankton functional groups in a salinity gradient was addressed in the Baltic Sea, in relation to the biogeochemical properties of the water masses and the characteristics of each PFGs. The variations of the traits are thus stand out as the best predictors of the horizontal and vertical distribution of phytoplankton groups with the respect to niche parameters and spatial descriptors (dispersion, physical and biological parameters). The functional approach, derived from phytoplankton optical properties addressed by automated flow cytometry, coupled to the niche analysis, make it possible to better explain and predict community responses to environmental gradients, such responses being detected in parallel by diversity indices. This work benefited from the support of local (MARCO State-Region Plan Contract), national (CNRS-MTES convention) and international European H2020 JERICO-NEXT projects
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Halpern, David Carlos Mohrer Judice. "The squeezing of red blood cells through tubes and channels of near-critical dimensions." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184839.
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The aim of this dissertation is to develop theoretical models for the motion of rigid and flexible particles through very tight spaces. The geometries of conduits which will be investigated are cylindrical tubes, parallel plane walls and rectangular channels. This work is motivated by an interest in the flow and deformation of single red blood cells in very narrow capillaries, in spleen and in bone marrow. Mammalian red cells are highly flexible, but their deformations satisfy two significant constraints. They must deform at constant volume, because the contents of the cell are incompressible, and also at nearly constant surface area, because the red cell membrane strongly resists dilation. Consequently, there exists a minimal tube diameter below which passage of intact cells is not possible. A cell in a tube with this diameter has its critical shape: a cylinder with hemispherical ends. The motion of red cells is analysed using lubrication theory. When the tube diameter is slightly larger than the minimal value, the cell shape is close to its shape in the critical case. However, the rear end of the cell becomes flattened and then concave with a relatively small further increase in the diameter. The changes in cell shape and the resulting rheological parameters are analysed using matched asymptotic expansions for the high-velocity limit and using numerical solutions. A rapid decrease in the apparent viscosity of red cell suspensions with increasing tube diameter is predicted over the range of diameters considered. The red cell velocity is found to exceed the mean bulk velocity by an amount which increases with increasing tube diameter. The same type of analysis is applied to the flow and deformation of red blood cells between two parallel plates with near-minimal spacings. First, the critical shape of the particle and the minimum gap width are determined using calculus of variations. In this case, it is a disk with a rounded edge. The flow in the plasma layers between the cell and the plates is described using lubrication theory. Approximate solutions can be obtained using a locally two-dimensional analysis at each point of the rim of the cell. Cell shapes, pressure distributions, membrane stresses and particle velocities are deduced as functions of geometrical parameters. One significant finding is that the gap width between the cell and the wall decreases with distance from the axis of symmetry parallel to the flow direction. The red cell velocity may be smaller or larger than the mean fluid velocity far from the cell, depending on the spacing of the plates, with equality when the width of the red cell is about ninety percent of the spacing between plates. The same procedure is also applied to rectangular channels.
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Niazi, Erfan. "A Mesoscopic Model for Blood Flow Prediction Based on Experimental Observation of Red Blood Cell Interaction." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38078.
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In some species, including humans, red blood cells (RBCs) under low shear stress tend to clump together and form into regular stacks called rouleaux. These stacks are not static, and constantly move and break apart. This phenomenon is referred to as red blood cell aggregation and disaggregation. When modelled as a single liquid, blood behaves as a non-Newtonian fluid. Its viscosity varies, mainly due to the aggregation of RBCs. The aim of this research is to develop a mesoscale computational model for the simulation of RBCs in plasma. This model considers RBC interaction and aggregation to predict blood-flow characteristics such as viscosity, rouleaux size and velocity distribution.
In this work, the population-balance modelling (PBM) approach is utilized to model the RBC aggregation process. The PBM approach is a known method that is used for modelling agglomeration and breakage in two-phase flow fluid mechanics to find aggregate size. The PBM model is coupled to the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations for the plasma. Both models are numerically solved simultaneously. The population-balance equation has been used previously in a more restricted form, the Smoluchowski equation, to model blood viscosity, but it has never been fully coupled with the Navier-Stokes equation directly for the numerical modelling of blood flow. This approach results in a comprehensive model which aims to predict RBC aggregate size and their velocities for different flow configurations, as well as their effects on the apparent macro-scale viscosity.
The PBM approach does not treat the microscopic physics of aggregation directly but rather uses experimental correlations for aggregation and disaggregation rates to account for the effects of aggregation on the bulk. To find the aggregation rate, a series of experiments on RBC sedimentation due to gravity is designed. In these tests, aggregated RBCs (rouleaux) tend to settle faster than single RBCs and, due to low shear stresses, disaggregation is very low and can be neglected. A high-speed camera is used to acquire video-microscopic pictures of the process. The size of the aggregates and their velocities are extracted using image processing techniques. For image processing, a general Matlab program is developed which can analyze all the images and report the velocity and size distribution of rouleaux.
An experimental correlation for disaggregation rate is found using results from a previous steady-state Couette flow experiment. Aggregation and disaggregation rates from these experiments are used to complete the PBM model. Pressure-driven channel flow experiments are then used for the final validation of the model. Comparisons of the apparent viscosity of whole blood in previous experiments show reasonable agreement with the developed model. This model fills a gap between micro-scale and macro-scale treatments and should be more accurate than traditional macro-scale models while being cheaper than direct treatment of RBCs at the micro-scale.
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Bassirat, Maryam. "Mechanisms underlying changes in microvascular blood flow in a diabetic rat model : relevance to tissue repair /." Connect to thesis, 2002. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00001363.
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Bothams, Valerie Frances. "Reflex mechanisms eliciting the changes in heart rate caused by isometric exercise." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369171.
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Morrow, Robert James. "Blood flow velocity changes in the umbilical artery of the fetal sheep." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356870.
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Schweinsburg, Brian Christopher. "Neurochemical correlates of blood oxygen level dependent signal changes in abstinent alcoholics /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3130210.
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Choo, Hui C. "Peripheral blood flow changes in response to post-exercise cold water immersion." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2014. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1012.
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A reduction in body temperature is considered to be the primary mechanism by which cold water immersion (CWI) enhances short-term (h) recovery and improves exercise capacity in the heat. However, improvement in exercise performance may be optimised at a given cooling magnitude. Water temperature and immersion duration influence the magnitude of cooling in the core body, muscle and skin. Given the role of blood flow in convective heat flux, substrate delivery and metabolic waste clearance, it is important to understand the influence of different water temperatures on compartmental distribution of limb blood flow during CWI. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare blood flow changes in the common femoral artery, vastus lateralis muscle, and thigh skin induced by 5 min of post-exercise water immersion at 8°C, 14°C, 35°C or passive rest. In a randomised manner, nine recreationally active men performed exhaustive cycling in a climate control chamber (32.8 ± 0.4°C and 32 ± 5%rh), followed by 5 min of water immersion at 8.6 ± 0.2°C (WI8), 14.6 ± 0.3°C (WI14), 35.0 ± 0.4°C (WI35) or passive rest (CON). The exercise task involved 25 min of cycling at a power output equivalent to first ventilatory threshold, followed by high-intensity intermittent cycling (30 s at 90% of peak power output to 30 s at 70 W). Measurement of blood flow in thigh skin (laser Doppler flowmetry), vastus lateralis muscle (near infrared spectroscopy), and common femoral artery (Doppler ultrasound), heart rate, mean arterial pressure, skin, muscle, rectal, and mean body temperatures were obtained prior to exercise and up to 60 min post-immersion.
Both WI14 and WI8 reduced mean body, calf and thigh skin, and muscle temperatures, compared with WI35 and CON (p0.05). Relative to pre-immersion, differences were observed in the magnitude of reduction between skin, muscle, and common femoral blood flow. Decreases in muscle and skin blood flow were similar (p>0.05), but to a lesser extent when compared with femoral blood flow (p
Therefore, 5 min of CWI at 8°C and 14°C effectively reduced temperatures, when compared with CON and WI35. Although WI8 was more effective than WI14 in reducing mean body temperature, there was no influence on the decreases in skin, muscle and femoral blood flow. Furthermore, WI8 did not result in significant reduction in muscle blood flow compared to WI35, despite significant muscle cooling. Given that mean arterial blood pressure was elevated, it is possible hydrostatic effects during WI35, coupled with shivering thermogenesis during WI8 confounded extent of muscle blood flow reduction in the present study. As such, influence of hydrostatic pressure per se on peripheral blood flow cannot be ruled out although blood flow changes were similar between WI35 and CON. Additionally, current findings indicate unknown vascular beds, other than measured sites in the vastus lateralis muscle and thigh skin, contribute to overall changes in the limb blood flow. It appears that vasoconstriction in skin and muscle vasculatures are associated with the interaction between suppressed vasodilatory substances (e.g. nitric oxide) and altered baroreflex mediated sympathetic nerve activity. However, underlying mechanisms warrant further investigation.
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Masson, Lindsey Fiona. "Diet-gene interactions in determining blood lipid concentrations." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2003. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU170761.
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Genetic variation may explain the heterogeneity in the lipid response to dietary change. A systematic literature review found 79 articles on dietary intervention studies, 14 articles on observational studies, and 22 reviews on diet-gene interactions. The evidence suggests that variation within the genes for apolipoprotein (apo) AI, AIV, B and E may influence the lipid response to dietary change. This study assessed the influence of six polymorphisms within the genes for apo B, apo E and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) on the association between habitual diet and lipid levels in 239 healthy men and women (91 men and 148 women) aged 18-54 years, including 110 twin pairs, who were recruited for a population-based study of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors. Diet was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire, which was compared with 4-day weighed records in 41 men and 40 women aged 19-58 years. The nutrients of interest had either a correlation coefficient ≥0.5, ≥50/≤10% in the same/opposite third, a KW30.04. Genotypes were determined by the polymerase chain reaction and digestion with the appropriate enzyme. Significant diet-gene interactions were observed at each of the polymorphic sites, suggesting that genetic variation contributes to the framework within which diet, especially n-3 PUFAs, the P:S ratio and NSP can influence lipid levels. In particular, individuals with the apo B XbaI X+ allele, the apo B signal peptide insertion/deletion D allele, the apo &egr;4 allele, the LPL PvuII P- allele and the LPL S447X X allele may be at greater risk of developing CHD due to their poorer lipid profiles and/or poorer response to diet. At present, it is premature to recommend the use of genotyping in the design of therapeutic diets, however investigating diet-gene interactions will increase our knowledge of the mechanisms involved in the role of diet in reducing CHD risk.
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Jadidi, Mansoor. "Numerical and Experimental Model of Healthy and Damaged Red Blood Cell Trajectories in Micro-channels." Thesis, Griffith University, 2023. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/421347.
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Motivation: Red blood cells (RBCs) are the most common cells in the blood due to their high concentration. The RBC has a deformable membrane enclosing a jelly-like fluid known as the cytosol. For many years, the dynamics of RBCs has attracted growing interest both numerically and experimentally in various fields of research on biological systems. Owing to their high deformability, RBCs exhibit complex dynamic behaviours in micro-vessels where Reynolds numbers (Re) are less than unity (Re < 1). First, a healthy RBC at a low shear rate or a high viscosity contrast (λ - defined as the ratio of viscosities between RBC cytosol and external fluid), may tumble, i.e., the whole RBC rotates continuously in the original shape like a rigid body. Second, at a high shear rate or a low viscosity contrast (λ), the RBC may exhibit a tank-treading motion, i.e., its membrane rotates around the cytosol which maintains a fixed angle with respect to the flow direction. Finally, a healthy RBC migrates in the lateral direction towards the micro-vessel axis while moving in the longitudinal direction (downstream) of a micro-vessel.
Under physiological conditions, the RBC experiences a varying range of shear stresses (typically in the range of 1-10 Pa) in the circulatory system without exhibiting any physical signs of mechanical damage. Upon exposure to high shear stresses, such as those present within mechanical circulatory support, RBCs exhibit irreversible functional impairment called sub-haemolytic/sub-lethal damage. Sub-haemolytically damaged RBCs exhibit impaired mechanical properties that substantially alter bulk flow behaviour when compared with healthy RBCs. However, there has been little attention directed toward characterizing sub-haemolytic damage in literature. For better understanding, it is necessary to have a reliable model to predict the dynamics of sub-haemolytically damaged RBCs in micro-vessels in comparison with healthy RBCs.
Methods: Highly-efficient numerical approaches have been developed to investigate blood flow, with particular emphasis on the motion and deformation of RBCs under shear flow. Among these methods, the integration of the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and immersed boundary method (IBM) has received considerable attention. In this dissertation, a 2D in-house generated algorithm based on the LBM-IBM was utilised for the numerical simulations. Moreover, a spring-based model was applied to simulate the elastic behaviour of the RBC membrane. Finally, a microfluidic experimental system including flow control, image capture, and data acquisition was established to validate the numerical results with the experimental results.
Goal: The main focus of this dissertation was to establish a 2D LBM-IBM coupled with a spring-based model to simulate the trajectory of both healthy RBC and damaged RBC in Poiseuille flow in low Reynolds numbers (Re < 1), in which the numerical results are compared with the experimental ones to allow for model validation. The second aim of this study was to numerically simulate the tumbling and tank-treading-like motion of a single RBC (healthy and damaged) in a micro-channel. Finally, the third aim was to numerically simulate the effect of the viscosity contrast (λ) on the trajectory of an RBC in a micro-channel. λ is one of the important factors that can severely affect RBC dynamics and cell deformation in a shear flow. Because of computational complexity, little effort has been made to numerically model the effect of λ on RBC dynamics in flow in the literature, for this reason, most of the current simulation studies assume for simplicity the viscosity contrast of unity.
Results: Overall, the numerical results indicated a reasonable agreement with the observed experimental results. However, the numerical simulation predicts a larger migration (1.81 μm for the healthy RBC and 0.96 μm for the damaged RBC) compared to the experimental tests (1.20 μm for the healthy RBC and 0.41 μm for the damaged RBC). Moreover, the experimental results showed that at a certain distance from the entrance of the micro-channel, the RBCs have a rolling motion like a wheel but without lateral migration. Due to the deformability of the RBCs, this motion is unstable so that later on, the RBCs migrate laterally toward the centreline of the micro-channel. The results also showed that the distance at which rolling motion happens is greater for the damaged RBCs (~ 150 μm) compared to the healthy RBCs (~ 25 μm) because the damaged cells deform less. The numerical results confirm this result. It can be seen from the numerical results that the healthy RBC experiences the tank-treading motion compared to the damaged RBC that exhibits the tumbling motion. Furthermore, the numerical results indicated a significant impact on the RBC trajectory when λ = 5 compared to λ = 1. The higher viscosity contrast of 5 has less lift (5.06 μm) in comparison with the lower viscosity contrast of 1 (6.56 μm). In addition, for a fixed viscosity contrast λ of 10, as the rigidity of the RBC increases, its final lateral and longitudinal displacements decrease.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>School of Eng & Built Env<br>Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology<br>Full Text
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Dhital, Kumud Kumar. "Perivascular innervation of cerebral arteries and vasa nervorum : changes in development and disease." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322304.
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Alomari, Abdul-Hakeem Hussein Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Spectral analysis of arterial blood prssure and stroke volume variability: the role of Calcium channel blockers and sensitizers." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43923.
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In this thesis, we included results from two studies. The first one considered the effects of the blood volume changes, during blood donation, on the heart rate variability (HRV) measured, non-invasively, form electrocardiographic (ECG) and photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals. Our results showed that, during blood donation, there were no significant changes in the pulsatile area of PPG signal, while heart rate increased. No significant changes were noticed in HRV extracted from both signals. Error analysis between the HRV extracted from ECG and peak interval variability (PIV) suggested that the error during blood donation was increased which means that the use of PIV extracted from PPG signal, used as a replacement diagnostic tool in clinical applications, needs further investigations and should be carefully studied in non-stationary cardiovascular situations such as blood donation. The imbalance between the two branches of the autonomic nervous system, sympathetic and parasympathetic, vagal, may result in a harmful activation of myocardial tissues which cause arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Although the study of the sympathovagal balance have been attracting many researchers, further studies are needed to elucidate the effects of many kinds of drugs on the autonomic modulation of the cardiac muscle, specifically, the cells of sinoatrial (SA) node. The aim of the second part of this thesis was to assess the effects of calcium channel blocker (Verapamil), calcium channel sensitizer (Levosimendan), calcium chloride (CaCl2), the combinations of verapamil/ CaCl2, levosimendan/ CaCl2, and noradrenaline infusion on beat-to-beat cardiovascular variability represented, in this research, by systolic blood pressure variability (SBPV), and stroke volume variability (SVV) signals. We used Fat Fourier Transform (FFT) to evaluate the power spectral density of the fluctuations in both signals to evaluate the effects of short-term treatments with those drugs on the sympathovagal balance in normal rats. Then, we compared the spectra obtained from SBPV and SVV to decide which of these fluctuations along with corresponding spectrum was more able to provide a clear feedback about the autonomic nervous system. Our data suggests that there were a significant correlations between low- (LF), mid- (MF), and high-frequency (HF) spectra obtained from SBPV and SVV except between the HF spectra estimated from after the infusion of levosimendan where a poor correlation (r = 0.530, p = 0.281) was noticed. This that both HF components obtained provide different information regarding the autonomic nervous system modulation of the SA node cells, while the results obtained from the rest of experiments showed that both signals provide same information about the modulation of sympathetic and parasympathetic tone due to all stages of different drugs infusion studied in this thesis. Besides that, we found that both spectra may be used to track the fluctuations in the cardiac output as a result of the drugs infusion.
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Ohno, Shoko. "Ablation of the N-type calcium channel ameliorates diabetic nephropathy with improved glycemic control and reduced blood pressure." Kyoto University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/218006.
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Kovalova, А. А., O. G. Avrunin, and О. Г. Аврунін. "Research of the sensitivity of the computer capillaroscopy method under local changes in temperature." Thesis, Кременчук, Україна, 2020. http://openarchive.nure.ua/handle/document/13786.
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The possibilities of the method of computerized capillaroscopy for studying the structure of the capillaries of the skin of the hands after exposure to temperature are considered. With local frostbite, there is a lack of sensitivity and insufficient expression of blood vessels, their blanching caused by constriction. The capillaroscopic picture is relatively normal, however, some characteristic changes can be observed: the blood flow slows down, external thinning of the vessel walls is observed, the capillaries are somewhat deformed, some of them empty.
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Price, Kathryn Leigh. "Plasma amino acid and metabolite changes in pigs during endotoxemia." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77279.
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The nutritional status, especially circulating amino acid (AA) levels, can drastically change during a non-infectious (i.e., LPS) or infectious (e.g., Salmonella) challenge. Thus, study 1 examined the effect of LPS treatment (N = 9, 26.9 ± 1.07 kg BW) on plasma AA and metabolite levels in pigs. Data were used to generate prediction equations establishing mathematical relationships between plasma AA levels and numerous blood metabolites (e.g., total lipid, LDL, HDL, blood urea nitrogen, etc). These equations have the potential to improve the nutritional treatment and recovery of acute and chronically ill patients.
Study 2 (19.1 ± 0.37 kg) was a continuation of study 1 except the sampling time was increased from 12 to 24 h. One-half of the pigs in study 2 were treated with LPS (N=15) and the other one-half were saline treated control animals (N = 16). This design allows for monitoring changes in plasma AA and their catabolism in response to endotoxemia. Area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for a selected AA to report AA balances. During the induction phase of an acute challenge (t = -2 to 12 h), analyzed AA were in a negative balance indicating heavy AA catabolism. However, during the recovery phase (t = 12 to 24 h) half of the AA were in a positive balance while the other half were still negative. The ability of equations to accurately predict AA concentrations was tested. Results indicate poor performance possibly due to heavy term biases. Thus, it was concluded that equations need to be revisited and non-linear terms need to be evaluated. Nonetheless, routine clinical blood metabolites can be used to estimate plasma AA levels during immune activation.
We successfully established a porcine Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium model. Pigs infected with Salmonella had a febrile response for 4 d and exhibited marked changes in their fecal bacterial populations
Finally, we investigated plasma changes in N-τ-methyl histidine (NτMH) in healthy and LPS-treated pigs. NτMH— is a post-translationally modified AA that has historically been used as an indirect marker of muscle protein breakdown in rodents and humans. However, the major form (i.e., free or acetylated) of NτMH in pig plasma was unknown. Results indicate that only 15% of plasma NτMH is in the free form and the remainder is acetylated. Furthermore, LPS treated pigs had increased acetylated and total NτMH fractions while free NτMH did not change. Therefore, to accurately monitor plasma changes in NτMH as an indicator of muscle proteolysis, plasma samples must be subjected to acid hydrolysis.<br>Ph. D.
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Ramirez, Carole Women's & Children's Health Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Phenotypic and functional changes in cord blood stem cell progeny after cytokine activation." Awarded by:University of New South Wales, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/39798.
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Human umbilical cord blood, an alternate source of haematopoietic stem cells (HSC), has been successfully used to reconstitute haematopoiesis in both related and unrelated transplant recipients. However, because CB has fewer total cells (and as a consequence fewer HSC and progenitor cells) CB transplant recipients often experience delayed engraftment as compared with that seen in bone marrow or mobilized peripheral blood transplant recipients. Delayed engraftment exposes patients to an increased risk of infection and bleeding. Cytokine-mediated expansion has been investigated to improve engraftment after CB HSC transplantation as a means to expand the total cell number and both the HSC and progenitors populations. However, its effect on HSC function remains controversial. We hypothesise that if cytokine-mediated expansion promotes divisional recruitment and multilineage differentiation it causes changes in phenotype and cell cycle related gene expression which may be detrimental to the engraftment capacity of haematopoietic cells. Therefore we investigated the relationship between cell division, phenotype and engraftment potential of CB CD34+ cells following cytokine-mediated expansion. High resolution cell division tracking using the fluorescent dye CFSE was used to monitor changes as a consequence of cytokine-mediated expansion in phenotype and function in CB CD34+ cells. Cytokine-mediated expansion caused upregulation of lineage and proliferation markers and adhesion molecules and downregulation of putative stem cell markers with concomitant cell division. However, these changes in phenotype as a consequence of cytokine-mediated expansion may not reflect or be predictive of a functional change in the expanded population. Cytokine-mediated expansion of CB CD34+ also caused changes in cell cycle related gene expression of G1 phase regulators. CB CD34+ cells exhibited expression of all D cyclins, albeit at different levels and p21WAF1 was differentially expressed across CB samples. The effect of cell division on the engraftment potential as a consequence of cytokine-mediated expansion was examined in CB CD34+. Cytokine-mediated expansion of CB CD34+ cells reduced, but did not completely eliminate engraftment potential, as a proportion of the expanded and divided cell populations retained their ability to engraft the NOD-SCID mouse. Overall, this study confirms reports in the literature that cytokine-mediated expansion induces changes in the phenotype of HSC and compromises their in vivo function.
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Levy, Shirley. "Changes in the blood-epididymis barrier of the Brown Norway rat with age." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0027/MQ50818.pdf.
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Malm, Christer. "Immunological changes in human blood and skeletal muscle in response to physical exercise /." Stockholm : Karolinska Univ. Press, 2001. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2001/91-7349-035-0/.
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Levy, Shirley. "Changes in the blood-epididymis barrier of the Brown Norway rat with age." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21591.
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In aging Brown Norway rats, there is an activation of the immune system represented by a striking increase in the number of halo cells. As the blood-epididymis barrier should protect from immunological attack, we hypothesized that there would be changes in the structure and function of this barrier with age. Immunocytochemical localization of occludin, ZO-1 and E-cadherin, as well as lanthanum nitrate permeability of the blood-epididymis barrier, were done using the epididymides of rats aged 3, 18, and 24 months. Occludin, ZO-1, and E-cadherin immunostaining was observed at the apico-lateral junction between principal cells in the initial segment of 3-month-old animals; with increasing age, occludin and ZO-1 reactivity decreased, while E-cadherin staining increased along the lateral membrane between principal cells. The most dramatic changes were seen in the corpus epididymidis with age; the intense E-cadherin cytoplasmic staining that was observed at 3 months was absent by 24 months and no occludin or ZO-1 reactivity was observed in older animals. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Rea, Derrick John. "Ultrasound assessment of nitric oxide modulated changes in blood velocity characteristics in microcirculations." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437537.
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Giguzinsky, Orit. "Environmental and age effects on methylation changes in human brain and blood cells." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/91823.
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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2014.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 125-129).<br>Previous studies have shown that DNA methylation may 1 e associated with disease, aging, the rate of aging and genetics. In this thesis, age is accurately predicted from DNA methylation in brain and blood tissues using two different algorithms, Random Forest and Linear Regression. Relationships between DNA methylation, genetics, disease and aging rate were also identified. Furthermore, the differences between the real ages and the predicted ages were found to be associated with the age of onset of aging related disease. The findings presented in this thesis take us a step further in understanding the causes of aging and age related disease and further prove the theory that methylation is related to our internal biological clock and disease.<br>by Orit Giguzinsky.<br>M. Eng.