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Książki na temat „Blood Flow Analysis”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 21 grudnia 2024

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1

McGauley, Damien. Ocular blood flow analysis methods. (s.l: The Author), 1999.

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2

P, Veres Joseph, i United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., red. Flow analysis of the Cleveland clinic centrifugal pump. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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3

Nguyen, Doyen T. Flow cytometry in hematopathology: A visual approach to data analysis and interpretation. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2002.

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Nguyen, Doyen T. Flow cytometry in hematopathology: A visual approach to data analysis and interpretation. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2003.

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5

Alfio, Quarteroni, Rozza Gianluigi i SpringerLink (Online service), red. Modeling of Physiological Flows. Milano: Springer Milan, 2012.

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6

Vasilʹevich, Priezzhev Aleksandr, Coté Gerard Laurence i Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers., red. Optical diagnostics and sensing in biomedicine III: 28-29 January 2003, San Jose, California, USA. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2003.

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7

Parab, Sameer. Sequential flow based bio-analytical system. 1995.

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8

Heuck, Friedrich H. W. Radiological Functional Analysis of the Vascular System: Contrast Media -- Methods -- Results. Springer London, Limited, 2012.

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9

Heuck, Friedrich H. W. Radiological Functional Analysis of the Vascular System: Contrast Media - Methods - Results. Springer, 2012.

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10

Choi, Seong Jong. Parametric spectral analysis of ultrasound doppler signal. 1992.

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11

Flow cytometry in hematopathology: A visual approach to data analysis and interpretation. Wyd. 2. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2007.

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12

Bushi, Simon Subhakar. Real time analysis of skin capillary blood flow on a motorola MC68008 based system. Bradford, 1986.

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13

(Editor), Doyen T. Nguyen, Lawrence W. Diamond (Editor) i Raul C. Braylan (Editor), red. Flow Cytometry in Hematopathology: A Visual Approach to Data Analysis and Interpretation (Current Clinical Pathology). Humana Press, 2002.

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14

Sklar, Larry A., red. Flow Cytometry for Biotechnology. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195183146.001.0001.

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Flow cytometry is a sensitive and quantitative platform for the measurement of particle fluorescence. In flow cytometry, the particles in a sample flow in single file through a focused laser beam at rates of hundreds to thousands of particles per second. During the time each particle is in the laser beam, on the order of ten microseconds, one or more fluorescent dyes associated with that particle are excited. The fluorescence emitted from each particle is collected through a microscope objective, spectrally filtered, and detected with photomultiplier tubes. Flow cytometry is uniquely capable of the precise and quantitative molecular analysis of genomic sequence information, interactions between purified biomolecules and cellular function. Combined with automated sample handling for increased sample throughput, these features make flow cytometry a versatile platform with applications at many stages of drug discovery. Traditionally, the particles studied are cells, especially blood cells; flow cytometry is used extensively in immunology. This volume shows how flow cytometry is integrated into modern biotechnology, dealing with issues of throughput, content, sensitivity, and high throughput informatics with applications in genomics, proteomics and protein-protein interactions, drug discovery, vaccine development, plant and reproductive biology, pharmacology and toxicology, cell-cell interactions and protein engineering.

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15

Kamal, Adel Abdul Rahim. Signal analysis of blood flow in skin: Analysis of... signals acquired by photoplethysmograph and piezoclectricplethysmograph on investigation of autonomic nervous functions. This has led to the prediction of time of ovulation in healthy females. Bradford, 1987.

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16

Quarteroni, Alfio, Davide Ambrosi i Gianluigi Rozza. Modeling of Physiological Flows. Springer, 2013.

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17

Quarteroni, Alfio, Davide Ambrosi i Gianluigi Rozza. Modeling of Physiological Flows. Springer, 2012.

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18

Mythen, Monty, i Michael P. W. Grocott. Peri-operative optimization of the high risk surgical patient. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0361.

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Flow-based cardiovascular variables, such as cardiac output and oxygen delivery predict peri-operative outcome better than alternative, predominantly pressure-based measures. Targeting flow-based goals, using fluid boluses with or without additional blood or vasoactive agents in patients undergoing major surgery has been shown to improve outcome in some studies. However, the literature is limited due to a large number of small single-centre studies, and heterogeneity of interventions and outcomes evaluated. Early studies used pulmonary artery catheters to monitor blood flow, but newer studies have used less invasive techniques, such as oesophageal Doppler monitoring or pulse contour analysis. Meta-analysis of the current evidence base suggests that this approach is unlikely to cause harm and may not reduce mortality, but reduces complications and duration of hospital stay. Goal-directed therapy is considered an important element of enhanced recovery packages that have been shown to improve outcome after several types of major elective surgery.

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19

Rannacher, Rolf, Stefan Turek, Anne M. Robertson i Giovanni P. Galdi. Hemodynamical Flows: Modeling, Analysis and Simulation (Oberwolfach Seminars). Birkhäuser Basel, 2008.

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20

Kipnis, Eric, i Benoit Vallet. Tissue perfusion monitoring in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0138.

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Resuscitation endpoints have shifted away from restoring normal values of routinely assessed haemodynamic parameters (central venous pressure, mean arterial pressure, cardiac output) towards optimizing parameters that reflect adequate tissue perfusion. Tissue perfusion-based endpoints have changed outcomes, particularly in sepsis. Tissue perfusion can be explored by monitoring the end result of perfusion, namely tissue oxygenation, metabolic markers, and tissue blood flow. Tissue oxygenation can be directly monitored locally through invasive electrodes or non-invasively using light absorbance (pulse oximetry (SpO2) or tissue (StO2)). Global oxygenation may be monitored in blood, either intermittently through blood gas analysis, or continuously with specialized catheters. Central venous saturation (ScvO2) indirectly assesses tissue oxygenation as the net balance between global O2 delivery and uptake, decreasing when delivery does not meet demand. Lactate, a by-product of anaerobic glycolysis, increases when oxygenation is inadequate, and can be measured either globally in blood, or locally in tissues by microdialysis. Likewise, CO2 (a by-product of cellular respiration) and PCO2 can be measured globally in blood or locally in accessible mucosal tissues (sublingual, gastric) by capnography or tonometry. Increasing PCO2 gradients, either tissue-to-arterial or venous-to-arterial, are due to inadequate perfusion. Metabolically, the oxidoreductive status of mitochondria can be assessed locally through NADH fluorescence, which increases in situations of inadequate oxygenation/perfusion. Finally, local tissue blood flow may be measured by laser-Doppler or visualized through intravital microscopic imaging. These perfusion/oxygenation resuscitation endpoints are increasingly used and studied in critical care.

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21

Chappell, Michael, Bradley MacIntosh i Thomas Okell. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793816.003.0001.

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This chapter details the widely accepted standard approach to arterial spin labeling (ASL) acquisition and the associated analysis needed to extract an image of perfusion in the brain, also known as the cerebral blood flow (CBF). Starting with pairs of images with and without labeling, a perfusion-weighted image can be generated. With the addition of a calibration image, this can be converted to an absolute measure of perfusion. Following the recommendations of the community for ASL acquisition, this chapter outlines the main steps of subtraction, kinetic model inversion, and calibration required for analysis of ASL data.

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22

Magee, Patrick, i Mark Tooley. Intraoperative monitoring. Redaktor Jonathan G. Hardman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0043.

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Chapter 25 introduced some basic generic principles applicable to many measurement and monitoring techniques. Chapter 43 introduces those principles not covered in Chapter 25 and discusses in detail the clinical applications and limitations of the many monitoring techniques available to the modern clinical anaesthetist. It starts with non-invasive blood pressure measurement, including clinical and automated techniques. This is followed by techniques of direct blood pressure measurement, noting that transducers and calibration have been discussed in Chapter 25. This is followed by electrocardiography. There then follows a section on the different methods of measuring cardiac output, including the pulmonary artery catheter, the application of ultrasound in echocardiography, pulse contour analysis (LiDCO™ and PiCCO™), and transthoracic electrical impedance. Pulse oximetry is then discussed in some detail. Depth of anaesthesia monitoring is then described, starting with the electroencephalogram and its application in BIS™ monitors, the use of evoked potentials, and entropy. There then follow sections on gas pressure measurement in cylinders and in breathing systems, followed by gas volume and flow measurement, including the rotameter, spirometry, and the pneumotachograph, and the measurement of lung dead space and functional residual capacity using body plethysmography and dilution techniques. The final section is on respiratory gas analysis, starting with light refractometry as the standard against which other techniques are compared, infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and Raman spectroscopy (the principles of these techniques having been introduced in Chapter 25), piezoelectric and paramagnetic analysers, polarography and fuel cells, and blood gas analysis.

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23

Wickerson, Erica. Myth. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793274.003.0005.

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Mythology was of great interest to Mann and allusions to well-known myths appear in many guises across his works. It is also of interest in terms of narrative time. This chapter takes a selection of works in which Mann toys—to varying degrees of subtlety—with mythic tales, and explores the way in which nods to well-known mythological tales affect the subjective flow of time. I explore the different models presented in Felix Krull, Blood of the Walsungs, and Doctor Faustus, and compare these to Günter Grass’s The Tin Drum, a work that engages closely with Mann’s writing. This analysis illustrates the temporally stagnating effect of mythological repetition—at the level of both plot and story—as well as the instability caused by divergence from expectation.

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24

Goligorsky, Michael S., Julien Maizel, Radovan Vasko, May M. Rabadi i Brian B. Ratliff. Pathophysiology of acute kidney injury. Redaktor Norbert Lameire. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0221.

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In the intricate maze of proposed mechanisms, modifiers, modulators, and sensitizers for acute kidney injury (AKI) and diverse causes inducing it, this chapter focuses on several common and undisputable strands which do exist.Structurally, the loss of the brush border, desquamation of tubular epithelial cells, and obstruction of the tubular lumen are commonly observed, albeit to various degrees. These morphologic hallmarks of AKI are accompanied by functional defects, most consistently reflected in the decreased glomerular filtration rate and variable degree of reduction in renal blood flow, accompanied by changes in the microcirculation. Although all renal resident cells participate in AKI, the brunt falls on the epithelial and endothelial cells, the fact that underlies the development of tubular epithelial and vascular compromise.This chapter further summarizes the involvement of several cell organelles in AKI: mitochondrial involvement in perturbed energy metabolism, lysosomal involvement in degradation of misfolded proteins and damaged organelles, and peroxisomal involvement in the regulation of oxidative stress and metabolism, all of which become defective. Common molecular pathways are engaged in cellular stress response and their roles in cell death or survival. The diverse families of nephrotoxic medications and the respective mechanisms they induce AKI are discussed. The mechanisms of action of some nephrotoxins are analysed, and also of the preventive therapies of ischaemic or pharmacologic pre-conditioning.An emerging concept of the systemic inflammatory response triggered by AKI, which can potentially aggravate the local injury or tend to facilitate the repair of the kidney, is presented. Rational therapeutic strategies should be based on these well-established pathophysiological hallmarks of AKI.

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25

Banerjee, Amitava, i Kaleab Asrress. Screening for cardiovascular disease. Redaktorzy Patrick Davey i David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0351.

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Screening involves testing asymptomatic individuals who have risk factors, or individuals who are in the early stages of a disease, in order to decide whether further investigation, clinical intervention, or treatment is warranted. Therefore, screening is classically a primary prevention strategy which aims to capture disease early in its course, but it can also involve secondary prevention in individuals with established disease. In the words of Geoffrey Rose, screening is a ‘population’ strategy. Examples of screening programmes are blood pressure monitoring in primary care to screen for hypertension, and ultrasound examination to screen for abdominal aortic aneurysm. The effectiveness and feasibility of screening are influenced by several factors. First, the diagnostic accuracy of the screening test in question is crucial. For example, exercise ECG testing, although widely used, is not recommended in investigation of chest pain in current National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines, due to its low sensitivity and specificity in the detection of coronary artery disease. Moreover, exercise ECG testing has even lower diagnostic accuracy in asymptomatic patients with coronary artery disease. Second, physical and financial resources influence the decision to screen. For example, the cost and the effectiveness of CT coronary angiography and other new imaging modalities to assess coronary vasculature must be weighed against the cost of existing investigations (e.g. coronary angiography) and the need for new equipment and staff training and recruitment. Finally, the safety of the investigation is an important factor, and patient preferences and physician preferences should be taken into consideration. However, while non-invasive screening examinations are preferable from the point of view of patients and clinicians, sometimes invasive screening tests may be required at a later stage in order to give a definitive diagnosis (e.g. pressure wire studies to measure fractional flow reserve in a coronary artery). The WHO’s principles of screening, first formulated in 1968, are still very relevant today. Decision analysis has led to ‘pathways’ which guide investigation and treatment within screening programmes. There is increasing recognition that there are shared risk factors and shared preventive and treatment strategies for vascular disease, regardless of arterial territory. The concept of ‘vascular medicine’ has gained credence, leading to opportunistic screening in other vascular territories if an individual presents with disease in one territory. For example, post-myocardial infarction patients have higher incidence of cerebrovascular and peripheral arterial disease, so carotid duplex scanning and measurement of the ankle–brachial pressure index may be valid screening approaches for arterial disease in other territories.

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