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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Black chaff of wheat”

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Data publikacji: 25 lipca 2024

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1

Tillman, B. L., S. A. Harrison, J. S. Russin i C. A. Clark. "Relationship between Bacterial Streak and Black Chaff Symptoms in Winter Wheat". Crop Science 36, nr 1 (styczeń 1996): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1996.0011183x003600010013x.

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Forster, R. L. "Control of Black Chaff of Wheat with Seed Treatment and a Foundation Seed Health Program". Plant Disease 72, nr 11 (1988): 935. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-72-0935.

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Azad, H. "The Relationship ofXanthomonas campestrispv.translucensto Frost and the Effect of Frost on Black Chaff Development in Wheat". Phytopathology 78, nr 1 (1988): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-78-95.

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Murray, T. D. "First Report of Black Chaff of Wheat Caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. translucens in Washington State". Plant Disease 74, nr 2 (1990): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-74-0183c.

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Eagles, H. A., H. S. Bariana, F. C. Ogbonnaya, G. J. Rebetzke, G. J. Hollamby, R. J. Henry, P. H. Henschke i M. Carter. "Implementation of markers in Australian wheat breeding". Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 52, nr 12 (2001): 1349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar01067.

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Genetic associations of morphological, biochemical, and DNA markers with economically important traits can be used for indirect selection of the traits. Chromosomal linkage between pseudo-black chaff and the stemrust resistance gene Sr2, and between the red glume gene (Rg1) and the stripe rust resistance gene Yr10, have been used in this way for many years. Similarly, linkages between disease resistance genes, such as Sr38,Lr37, and Yr17, have been used to achieve resistance to multiple diseases while selection is performed for resistance to one disease. Alleles at the Glu loci, assessed as protein differences, have been used as predictors of dough strength. More recently, DNA markers have been developed and used, especially to select for resistance to cereal cyst nematode, a trait which is difficult and expensive to assess with conventional bioassays. We found that the major use of DNA markers was for selection for traits of substantial economic importance, which were primarily determined by a single gene, and where the non-marker assay was expensive and unreliable. The other uses of markers were for pyramiding several genes influencing one trait, or for rapid backcrossing.

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6

Gbadegesin, A. B., T. T. Bello i F. A. O. Akinnusi. "Egg laying response of Arco black hen to garri chaff and cassava peel based diets". Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 44, nr 2 (26.12.2020): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v44i2.1012.

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The need to optimize the utilization of garri processing by-products and improve the protein availability through egg production motivated this study. 165 Acro Black laying hen of 41 weeks old were grouped into five dietary treatments of 35 birds per treatment and five replicates of seven birds each. Layers' diets were compounded at 0%, 11.25%, 22.5%, 33.5% and 45% of garri chaff and 0%, 3.575%, 7.15%, 10.275% and 14.3% of sun dried cassava peel levels of inclusion. The diets and groups of birds were labelled A, B, C, D and E and the birds were fed with their corresponding diets for 6 consecutive weeks. Records of feed consumption and number of eggs laid were taken daily throughout the period of experimentation. The results showed that egg laying performance was of the order C>D>A>B>E among the dietary treatments. While egg laying performance hovered around 60% in the control treatment A, it increased from 57% to 86% in group C. Birds in treatment E had the least feed consumption and least egg laying performance. Weight increase of the birds at the end of the experimentation were of the order A>B>D>C>E. It was thus concluded that garri chaff and cassava peel appeared useful as ingredients in layers' diets at about equal quantity with maize and wheat offal, respectively but the feed should be adequately fortified with protein rich feedstuffs and the diets must be introduced early to avoid rejection by the birds.

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7

Singh, Pravin Kumar, Ranjan Kumar Chaubey, Stuti Krishna, A. Vaishampayan i V. K. Mishra. "Screening Elite Wheat Lines (Triticum aestivum L.) Possessing Sr2 Gene for Variability in Expression of Pseudo Black Chaff". International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 9, nr 4 (10.04.2020): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.904.004.

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Mishra, A. N., K. Kaushal, S. R. Yadav, G. S. Shirsekar i H. N. Pandey. "The linkage between the stem rust resistance gene Sr2 and pseudo-black chaff in wheat can be broken". Plant Breeding 124, nr 5 (październik 2005): 520–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.2005.01136.x.

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Briggs, Keith G., Oliver K. Kiplagat i Anne M. Johnson-Flanagan. "Floret sterility and outcrossing in two spring wheat cultivars". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 79, nr 3 (1.07.1999): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p98-076.

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A tendency for higher outcrossing potential in Canadian semidwarf wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars compared with tall Canadian cultivars has been postulated by breeders and seed growers. In the present study, the outcrossing potential of a semidwarf Canada Prairie Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Cutler and a conventional height Canada Western Red Spring wheat, cv. Roblin was determined under controlled greenhouse conditions. Outcrossing of each cultivar was induced by applying moisture stress followed by exposure to pollen from a phenotypic marker stock, cv. P8901. In the controlled absence of external pollen, moisture stress significantly reduced seed set in both cultivars. Application of external pollen following moisture stress increased seed set significantly in Cutler and nonsignificantly in Roblin, and was associated with a higher level of floret opening in Cutler. Outcrossing frequency was also assessed by analysing progeny seed (selfed or outcrossed) using acidic polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of seed protein, RAPD markers and morphological phenotype, including height, awnedness, black chaff and time to maturity. All three assay techniques demonstrated a higher outcrossing frequency in Cutler than in Roblin under this protocol. The frequency of outcrossing in different parts of the spike was also determined for both cultivars. In both cultivars the highest proportion of outcrossing was found in the mid-upper region of the spike, followed by the mid-lower region. Key words: Floret sterility, moisture stress, outcrossing, Triticum aestivum

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10

Amanifar, Naser. "First Report of Pseudomonas syringae pv. lapsa Causing Leaf Streak and Black Chaff of Winter Wheat in Southwest Iran". Plant Disease 104, nr 1 (styczeń 2020): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-19-0257-pdn.

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11

Njau, Peter N., Yue Jin, Julio Huerta-Espino, Beat Keller i Ravi P. Singh. "Identification and Evaluation of Sources of Resistance to Stem Rust Race Ug99 in Wheat". Plant Disease 94, nr 4 (kwiecień 2010): 413–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-4-0413.

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The race Ug99 of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici causing stem rust disease of wheat was initially identified in Uganda in 1998. It was designated as TTKSK based on the North American nomenclature and has caused periodic losses to wheat crops in East Africa. Ug99 has recently moved out of Africa to Yemen and West Asia. The most effective approach to prevent losses from stem rust is through the deployment of resistant cultivars. More effective sources of resistance need to be identified and incorporated in the existing commercial cultivars. The first Stem Rust Resistance Screening Nursery (1stSRRSN) assembled by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) consisted of elite and advanced CIMMYT bread wheat lines and was evaluated for resistance to Ug99 in Njoro, Kenya for four consecutive seasons (2005 to 2007). Seedling reactions were determined in the greenhouse at the Cereal Disease Laboratory, St. Paul, MN. Two race-specific genes, Sr24 and Sr25, were found to confer resistance to Ug99, although Sr24 became ineffective to a mutant race of Ug99, TTKST, in 2007. Three previously uncharacterized genes, one each from synthetic wheat, Chinese germplasm, and other genetic backgrounds, were detected. Although 30% of the screened lines were susceptible in the seedling stage, these lines displayed various levels of adult plant resistance (APR) in the field tests. Presence of the APR gene Sr2, identified based on the pseudo-black chaff phenotype on glumes and darkened internode, was common in wheat lines with APR. The information on the resistance identified in the 1stSRRSN constitutes an important source for breeding wheat for durable resistance.

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12

He, Xinyao, Gurcharn S. Brar, David Bonnett, Susanne Dreisigacker, Jessica Hyles, Wolfgang Spielmeyer, Sridhar Bhavani, Ravi P. Singh i Pawan K. Singh. "Disease Resistance Evaluation of Elite CIMMYT Wheat Lines Containing the Coupled Fhb1 and Sr2 Genes". Plant Disease 104, nr 9 (wrzesień 2020): 2369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-20-0369-re.

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Fusarium head blight (FHB) and stem rust are among the most devastating diseases of wheat worldwide. Fhb1 is the most widely utilized and the only isolated gene for FHB resistance, while Sr2 is a durable stem rust resistance gene used in rust-prone areas. The two loci are closely linked on the short arm of chromosome 3B and the two genes are in repulsion phase among cultivars. With climate change and the shift in Fusarium populations, it is imperative to develop wheat cultivars resistant to both diseases. The present study was dedicated to developing wheat germplasm combining Fhb1 and Sr2 resistance alleles in the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)’s elite cultivars’ backgrounds. Four recombinant inbred lines (RILs) in Hartog background that have the resistant Fhb1 and Sr2 alleles in coupled phase linkage were crossed with seven CIMMYT bread wheat lines, resulting in 208 lines. Molecular markers for both genes were employed in addition to the use of pseudo-black chaff (PBC) as a phenotypic marker for the selection of Sr2. At various stages of the selection process, progeny lines were assessed for FHB index, Fusarium damaged kernels (FDK), stem rust, and PBC expression as well as other diseases of interest (stripe rust and leaf spotting diseases). The 25 best lines were selected for CIMMYT’s wheat breeding program. In addition to expressing resistance to FHB, most of these 25 lines have an acceptable level of resistance to other tested diseases. These lines will be useful for wheat breeding programs worldwide and potentially speed up the resistance breeding efforts against FHB and stem rust.

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13

Tabe, Linda, Sharon Samuel, Matthew Dunn, Rosemary White, Rohit Mago, Gonzalo Estavillo i Wolfgang Spielmeyer. "Phenotypes Conferred by Wheat Multiple Pathogen Resistance Locus, Sr2, Include Cell Death in Response to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses". Phytopathology® 109, nr 10 (październik 2019): 1751–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-03-19-0099-r.

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The wheat Sr2 locus confers partial resistance to four biotrophic pathogens: wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici), leaf rust (P. triticina), stripe rust (P. striiformis f. sp. tritici), and powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici). In addition, Sr2 is linked with a brown coloration of ears and stems, termed pseudo-black chaff (PBC). PBC, initially believed to be elicited by stem rust infection, was subsequently recognized to occur in the absence of pathogen infection. The current study demonstrates that the resistance response to stem rust is associated with the death of photosynthetic cells around rust infection sites in the inoculated leaf sheath. Similarly, Sr2-dependent resistance to powdery mildew was associated with the death of leaf mesophyll cells around mildew infection sites. We demonstrate that PBC occurring in the absence of pathogen inoculation also corresponds with death and the collapse of photosynthetic cells in the affected parts of stems and ears. In addition, Sr2-dependent necrosis was inducible in leaves by application of petroleum jelly or by heat treatments. Thus, Sr2 was found to be associated with cell death, which could be triggered by either biotic or abiotic stresses. Our results suggest a role for the Sr2 locus in controlling cell death in response to stress.

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14

Kota, R., W. Spielmeyer, R. A. McIntosh i E. S. Lagudah. "Fine genetic mapping fails to dissociate durable stem rust resistance gene Sr2 from pseudo-black chaff in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)". Theoretical and Applied Genetics 112, nr 3 (26.11.2005): 492–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-005-0151-8.

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Akello, Molly O., Felister Nzuve, Florence Olubayo, Godwin Macharia i James Muthomi. "Identification of Resistance Sources to Wheat Stem Rust from Introduced Genotypes in Kenya". Journal of Agricultural Science 9, nr 2 (11.01.2017): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n2p73.

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Stem rust Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici of wheat is the most important disease in Kenya. Emergence of race Ug99 and other variants virulent to host resistance genes including Sr31 has rendered 95% of Kenyan cultivars susceptible. This study aimed to identify new sources of resistance to stem rust in a collection of exotic genotypes. Three hundred and sixteen wheat genotypes were screened at the Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO) in Njoro for two seasons in 2015. The host reaction to disease was evaluated based on the modified Cobb scale. The relative Final Rust Severity (rFRS), Average Coefficient of Infection (ACI) and relative Area Under Disease Progress Curve (rAUDPC) were used to characterize the genotypes for stem rust resistance. Agronomic traits were also recorded. Six genotypes namely ALBW-100, ALBW- 204, EPCBW-261, EPCBW-295, PCHP-309 and PCHPBW-310 with significantly low ACI, rAUDPC and rFRS were identified. Thirty five genotypes showed Pseudo-Black Chaff (PBC) phenotype associated with resistant gene Sr2, a source of partial resistance in wheat. The genotypes also showed low disease severity (20-25%) and Moderately Susceptible (MS) – Susceptible (S) infection types in both seasons. Genotypes had significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) on plant height, 1000-kernel weight and number of tillers indicating genetic variation which could be exploited in breeding for resistance to stem rust. The negative relationship between agronomic variables involving plant height, spikelet length and 1000-kernel weight showed harmful effects of stem rust on plant characteristics including yield. The stem rust resistant genotypes with good agronomic traits could be introgressed into adapted Kenyan backgrounds while the genotypes showing presence of PBC could be utilized to develop durable stem rust resistant wheat. Inheritance studies to elucidate the exact genes conferring resistance to stem rust could be conducted for breeders to exploit their genetic variability.

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16

Arain, Zaheer Ahmed, Umed Ali, Sakina Bibi, Maqsood Ahmed Khaskheli, Babu Pehlwan, Amarta Bhutto, Mahpara Khatoon Bhutto i in. "THE FOLIAR APPLICATION OF NITROGEN AND ZINC APPLIED DURING TILLERING AND BOOTING STAGE ENHANCED THE GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.)". Pakistan Journal of Biotechnology 21, nr 1 (6.03.2024): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.34016/pjbt.2024.21.01.897.

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Foliar application of nitrogen and zinc has proven beneficial to achieve high yield and growth of wheat. A field trial was conducted with Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in three replications, at Student’s Experiment Farm, Department of Agronomy, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam during spring 2022-2023. The study explored the effect of foliar application of nitrogen (N) and zinc (Zn) on wheat (Triticum sativum L.) variety TD-1 on different growth stages. The treatment comprised T1 = Control, T2 = 2.0% N (tillering), T3 = 2.0% N (booting), T4 = 0.1% Zn (tillering), T5 = 0.1% Zn (booting), T6 = 2.0% N + 0.1% Zn (tillering), and T7 = 2.0% N + 0.1% Zn (booting). The results revealed that all the parameters were significantly affected (p <0.05) by foliar applications of N and Zn at both tillering and booting stages. The highest growth and yield traits were recorded when the plants were treated with 2.0 % N + 0.1% Zn applied (foliar) at tillering stage. However, the plants grown under control conditions exhibited lower performance for all the traits recorded. In conclusion, the interaction of 2.0% N + 0.1% Zn with foliar spray demonstrated positive response towards wheat variety TD-1 at tillering stage as compared to other treatments. Hence, the combined strategy of applying foliar nitrogen and zinc at tillering stage is recommended to get higher grain yields and plant growth for chaff production

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Iyanda, Olumayowa Joseph, Akeem Abdullahi Oyekanmi, Mufutau Olaoye Atayese, Christopher Adejuyigbe i Funmilayo Bamigboye. "Effects of combined nitrogen-nutrient sources on lowland rice straw yield (a potential dairy feed) in a derived savannah ecology". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1219, nr 1 (1.08.2023): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1219/1/012016.

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Abstract Low rice yields in farmers’ fields arise from inadequate nitrogen in most Nigerian soils. Fertilizer use has increased, particularly with the implementation of COVID-19. Straw is a by-product of cereal plants, consisting of dry stalks left over after the grain and chaff. It accounts for cereal crop yields, such as barley, oats, rice, rye, and wheat. The effects of greenhouse gas emissions from burning straw on the climate have been a cause for alarm. As a result, this study in Abeokuta, Southwest Nigeria, investigated the effects of six levels of integrated nutrient sources on NERICA L-34 and ARICA 3 through the analysis of variance in straw yield data. The experiment used a split-plot design, complete block randomization, and treatment arrangements in triplicate. At harvest, ARICA 3 produced significantly more straw (p = 0.05) (14.04 t/ha) than NERICA L-34 (10.44 t/ha) by combining 50 kg N/ha (NPK 15:15:15) with 50 kg N/ha (poultry manure) (10.12 t/ha). The study improved the straw yield (11.4 t ha−1) of ARICA 3 and NERICA L-34 by 50 kg N/ha (NPK 15-15-15) and 50 kg Nha−1 (poultry manure); thus, this straw could be used as dairy feed.

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West, Micayla H., William B. Smith, Adam Rabinowitz, Kim K. Mullenix i Leanne L. Dillard. "112 Herbage Mass, Nutritive Value, and Grain Yield of four Wheat Varieties Managed as a Dual-Purpose Crop". Journal of Animal Science 101, Supplement_1 (1.05.2023): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad068.060.

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Abstract Dual-purpose wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) systems increase farm sustainability by diversifying on-farm income. While these systems are common in the Southern Great Plains of the U.S., they are not often utilized in the Southeast. This study aimed to evaluate pre- and post-grazing herbage mass (HM) of four winter wheat varieties managed under a dual-purpose grazing and grain production system. The wheat varieties evaluated were generic feed-type wheat (unknown variety blend, Feed), seed-type wheat ‘GA Gore’ (Seed) and two forage-type varieties, ‘AGS 2024’ (AGS) and ‘Pioneer 26R41’ (Pioneer). The experiment was a randomized complete block design (n = 4) conducted during the winter of 2021 and 2022. Three grazing frequencies were utilized: an ungrazed control (NG), low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) grazing schedule. Low frequency plots received monthly grazing in January and February while HF treatments received a third grazing in March. Plots were grazed with 20 cow-calf pairs (Bos taurus) until an even defoliation height of 10 cm was achieved. Herbage mass was determined using three 0.1m2-quadrats per plot and clipped to a 10 cm stubble height before (PreG) and after (PostG) each grazing event. Forage samples were then dried at 45°C for 72 h. Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX of SAS (SAS Inst., Cary, NC) with forage sample date as a repeated measure. Differences were declared at P < 0.05. Final biomass, including stems, chaff, and grain, was greatest for Pioneer but was not different from AGS or Feed (4,112 kg/ha and 4,003 kg/ha; P ≤ 0.94). Before grazing, AGS herbage mass (2,646 kg/ha) was greater (P ≤ 0.03) than all other varieties. There was an interaction (P ≤ 0.01) of variety and grazing frequency for Pre-G herbage mass. Compared with all other varieties, AGS had greater ADF (24.93%; P < 0.01) and least TDN (72.49%: P < 0.01). Forage nitrate-nitrogen was not different (P ≥ 0.49) among all varieties or grazing frequencies (157.73 ppm). Across grazing frequencies, Pioneer had greater final grain yield (3,619.43 kg/ha; P < 0.01) with Seed having the least (1,272.12 kg/ha; P < 0.01). These results indicate that common Southeastern wheat varieties can be successfully utilized in a dual-purpose management system; however, grazing frequency should be monitored to prevent grain yield losses.

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Buchanan, Mark. "Wheat from the chaff". Nature Physics 11, nr 4 (kwiecień 2015): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphys3296.

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Vozenilek, Gina. "The Wheat from the Chaff". Journal of the American Dietetic Association 98, nr 11 (listopad 1998): 1270–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-8223(98)00283-1.

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Patel, Shailendra B. "Counterpoint: Sorting wheat from chaff". Journal of Clinical Lipidology 2, nr 4 (sierpień 2008): 306–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacl.2008.06.006.

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Altmann, Stuart A. "The Wheat and the Chaff". Ethology Ecology & Evolution 1, nr 2 (październik 1989): 217–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927014.1989.9525525.

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Walsh, Michael J., John C. Broster i Stephen B. Powles. "iHSD Mill Efficacy on the Seeds of Australian Cropping System Weeds". Weed Technology 32, nr 2 (20.11.2017): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2017.95.

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AbstractIn Australia, widespread evolution of multi-resistant weed populations has driven the development and adoption of harvest weed seed control (HWSC). However, due to incompatibility of commonly used HWSC systems with highly productive conservation cropping systems, better HWSC systems are in demand. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the integrated Harrington Seed Destructor (iHSD) mill on the seeds of Australia’s major crop weeds during wheat chaff processing. Also examined were the impacts of chaff type and moisture content on weed seed destruction efficacy. Initially, the iHSD mill speed of 3,000 rpm was identified as the most effective at destroying rigid ryegrass seeds present in wheat chaff. Subsequent testing determined that the iHSD mill was highly effective (>95% seed kill) on all Australian crop weeds examined. Rigid ryegrass seed kill was found to be highest for lupin chaff and lowest in barley, with wheat and canola chaff intermediate. Similarly, wheat chaff moisture reduced rigid ryegrass seed kill when moisture level exceeded 12%. The broad potential of the iHSD mill was evident, in that the reductions in efficacy due to wide-ranging differences in chaff type and moisture content were relatively small (≤10%). The results from these studies confirm the high efficacy and widespread suitability of the iHSD for use in Australian crop production systems. Additionally, as this system allows the conservation of all harvest residues, it is the best HWSC technique for conservation cropping systems.

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Barnes, Jessica. "Separating the Wheat from the Chaff". Environment and Society 7, nr 1 (1.09.2016): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ares.2016.070106.

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ABSTRACTWheat is one of the world’s most widely grown, traded, and consumed crops. This article reviews the interdisciplinary literature on human-wheat interactions, tracing how various actors engage with wheat up until its point of consumption. I look first at wheat as a seed, examining efforts to transform wheat over time through farmer selection and scientific breeding, and the emergence of high-yielding wheat, hybrid wheat, and genetically modified wheat. Second, I look at wheat as a plant and what it means to farm wheat. I highlight two key dimensions of farmer-wheat interactions—farmers’ choice of variety and their management of risk. Finally, I look at wheat as a grain and the practices of transportation, sorting, and trade that mediate flows of harvested grain from field to market. Through reviewing these three areas of literature, the article reveals the social worlds that both shape and are shaped by this globally significant crop.

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Vorobeychik, Yakov. "Separating the wheat from the chaff". Interventional Pain Medicine 1 (2022): 100130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.inpm.2022.100130.

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Robin, Alan L., i Robert F. Sanke. "SEPARATING THE WHEAT FROM THE CHAFF". Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging Retina 19, nr 4 (kwiecień 1988): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/1542-8877-19880401-19.

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Kakar, Adarsh Kumar. "Separating the Wheat from the Chaff". Journal of Organizational and End User Computing 28, nr 2 (kwiecień 2016): 124–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/joeuc.2016040108.

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When making a decision to add features to an existing software product in response to feature requests posted in user forums, it is important to pursue only those changes that deliver value to both the user and the producer. But selecting critical user requirements expressed as features requests is a challenging task. While excluding a high value requirement may mean losing customers to a competing product, including a requirement that is unneeded increases time to market and introduces unnecessary costs and complexity in the product. Keeping these issues in focus, promising methods of feature selection were first identified from a review of requirements engineering, product development and quality literatures. An empirical study was then conducted to investigate the efficacy of methods in separating the vital few user feature requests from the trivial many posted in user forums without adversely impacting user satisfaction. The result of the empirical study demonstrates that the Kano survey method has potential in separating the wheat from the chaff. The reasons for this finding is empirically investigated and discussed.

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Geppert, Anna. "Sorting the wheat from the chaff". disP - The Planning Review 56, nr 3 (2.07.2020): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02513625.2020.1851911.

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Welberg, Leonie. "Separating the wheat from the chaff". Nature Reviews Neuroscience 9, nr 2 (luty 2008): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrn2320.

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Fisher, Peter. "Wheat and chaff in alternative medicine". Lancet 349, nr 9065 (maj 1997): 1629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)61672-8.

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Bellavite, Paolo. "Wheat and chaff in alternative medicine". Lancet 349, nr 9065 (maj 1997): 1629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)61673-x.

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Kahn, MF. "Wheat and chaff in alternative medicine". Lancet 349, nr 9054 (marzec 1997): 812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)60249-8.

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33

Berns, Anton. "Separating the wheat from the chaff". Current Biology 1, nr 1 (luty 1991): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-9822(91)90118-g.

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34

Minton, Kirsty. "Separating the wheat from the chaff". Nature Reviews Immunology 4, nr 9 (wrzesień 2004): 660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri1448.

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35

Maynard, Alan. "Information overload: wheat from the chaff". British Journal of Healthcare Management 6, nr 7 (lipiec 2000): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjhc.2000.6.7.19293.

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Burt, Richard K., John A. Snowden, Joachim Burman, Maria Carolina Oliveira i Basil Sharrack. "Blogs cannot separate wheat from chaff". Science 358, nr 6363 (2.11.2017): 602.1–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aar2575.

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37

Callahan, Carolyn M., i Tonya R. Moon. "Sorting the Wheat from the Chaff". Gifted Child Quarterly 51, nr 4 (styczeń 2007): 305–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0016986207306317.

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38

Shaughnessy, Allen F., David C. Slawson i Joshua H. Bennett. "Separating the wheat from the chaff". Journal of General Internal Medicine 9, nr 10 (październik 1994): 563–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02599283.

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Runge, Claus. "Separating the wheat from the chaff". European Journal of Health Economics 13, nr 2 (23.02.2012): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10198-011-0375-2.

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Bergonzoli, Simone, Alessandro Suardi, Negar Rezaie, Vincenzo Alfano i Luigi Pari. "An Innovative System for Maize Cob and Wheat Chaff Harvesting: Simultaneous Grain and Residues Collection". Energies 13, nr 5 (9.03.2020): 1265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13051265.

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Maize and wheat are two of the most widespread crops worldwide because of their high yield and importance for food, chemical purposes and livestock feed. Some of the residues of these crops (i.e., maize cob and wheat chaff) remain in the field after grain harvesting. In Europe, just maize cob and grain chaff could provide an annual potential biomass of 9.6 Mt and 54.8 Mt, respectively. Collecting such a biomass could be of interest for bioenergy production and could increase farmers’ income. Progress in harvest technology plays a key role in turning untapped by-products into valuable feedstocks. This article presents a study of the performance and the quality of the work of Harcob, an innovative system developed for maize cob collection. Furthermore, the feasibility of using the Harcob system to also harvest wheat chaff during wheat harvesting was also verified. The results showed that it was possible to harvest 1.72 t ha−1 and 0.67 t ha−1 of cob and chaff, respectively, without affecting the harvesting performance of the combine. The profit achievable from harvesting the corn cob was around 4%, while no significant economic benefits were observed during the harvesting of wheat chaff with the Harcob system. The use of cereal by-products for energy purposes may allow the reduction of CO2 from fossil fuel between 0.7 to 2.2 t CO2 ha−1. The Harcob system resulted suitable to harvest such different and high potential crop by-products and may represent a solution for farmers investing in the bioenergy production chain.

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41

Burykina, O. V., Z. S. Konovaltseva i К. V. Volvenkina. "Study of the Sorption of Phenol with Non-Food Waste Wheat Processing". Proceedings of the Southwest State University. Series: Engineering and Technology 13, nr 2 (26.07.2023): 222–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1528-2023-13-2-222-234.

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The purpose of the work is to study the process of phenol sorption by wheat processing wastes. Much attention is paid to environmental protection in the modern world, especially water resources, since clean water is necessary for human existence. Modern enterprises of various industries and agriculture are increasingly introducing waste-free technologies or highly efficient wastewater treatment methods into production. One of the simple in hardware design and implementation, but very effective, is the sorption method. The use of production waste as sorbents is very promising, because. allows, in addition to the environmental problem, to solve the issue of disposal or recycling of production waste.Methods.When studying the composition of chaff wheat, the following methods were used: determination of ash and moisture by weight; cellulose nitrogen-alcohol, pentosans spectrophotometric with orsin, lignin Komarov's method. Sorption of phenol by wheat processing waste was carried out by the method of single-stage static sorption at a temperature of 250C.Identification of the nature of phenol sorption by non-food waste from grain processing was carried out using the IR spectroscopy method. Using the Nicoleti S50 FT-IR IR-Fourier spectrometer without molding tablets in the range of 4000 400 cm-1, the IR spectra of phenol, wheat chaff and wheat chaff after phenol sorption were taken.Results. Analysis of the chemical composition of wheat waste (chaff) showed that the main components are cellulose (34.8%), pentazans (19.7%), lignin (23.1%).When analyzing the obtained IR spectra, it was found that in the IR spectrum of non-food waste from wheat processing after phenol sorption, a peak appears at 2323.37 cm-1, which is associated with the formation of a bond between the mobile hydrogen atom of the benzyl alcohol group of lignin with the hydroxyl group of phenol .Conclusion. IR-spectroscopic study of the process of sorption of phenol by non-food waste from wheat processing (chaff) showed that during the sorption of phenol, a chemical bond arises between the sorbent and the sorbate, which manifests itself in the IR spectrum as a new absorption band.

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42

Borchers, Andrea T., Carl L. Keen, Judy S. Stern i M. Eric Gershwin. "Nutraceuticals: Separating the wheat from the chaff". California Agriculture 54, nr 5 (wrzesień 2000): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3733/ca.v054n05p26.

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Jermy, Andrew. "Squid sort the wheat from the chaff..." Nature Reviews Microbiology 6, nr 12 (grudzień 2008): 875. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2038.

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Bee, Sarah. "Physics sorts the wheat from the chaff". Physics World 13, nr 6 (czerwiec 2000): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/13/6/22.

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de Waal, Frans B. M. "Evolutionary Psychology: The Wheat and the Chaff". Current Directions in Psychological Science 11, nr 6 (grudzień 2002): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.00197.

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Evolutionary approaches are on the rise in the social sciences and have the potential to bring an all–encompassing conceptual framework to the study of human behavior. Together with neuroscience, which is digging the grave of mind–body dualism, evolutionary psychology is bound to undermine the still reigning human–animal dualism. If a Darwinian reshaping of the social sciences seems inevitable, even desirable, this should not be looked at as a hostile takeover. The underlying theme of this essay is that it is time for psychologists to join the Darwinian revolution, yet the essay also critically reviews current evolutionary psychology. It questions the loose application of adaptationist thinking and the fragmentation of the genome, behavior, and the brain. From biology we learn that not every species–typical trait is necessarily advantageous, and from neuroscience we learn that not every psychological ability or tendency necessarily needs to have its own specialized brain circuitry. But even if the concept of adaptation is hard to apply, psychologists would do well to start looking at human behavior in the light of evolution.

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Pennisi, E. "Gene Grant Funds Less Chaff, More Wheat". Science 311, nr 5764 (24.02.2006): 1087c. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.311.5764.1087c.

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Hamilton, W. T. "GPs can separate oncological wheat from chaff". BMJ 326, nr 7385 (15.02.2003): 397a—397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.326.7385.397/a.

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Warden, J. "NICE to sort clinical "wheat from chaff"". BMJ 318, nr 7181 (13.02.1999): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.318.7181.416b.

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Kanwisher, N. "NEUROSCIENCE:Enhanced: Separating the Wheat from the Chaff". Science 282, nr 5386 (2.10.1998): 57–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.282.5386.57.

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Smilkstein, Martin J. "Reviewing cyclic antidepressant cardiotoxicity: Wheat and chaff". Journal of Emergency Medicine 8, nr 5 (wrzesień 1990): 645–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0736-4679(90)90466-9.

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