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Sonachalam, Arumugam, i Kalai Selvan Ganesan. "Hydrostatic pressure effect on new BiS2 based Bi4O4S3 and ReO/FBiS2 (Re = La, Pr, Nd, Sm) Superconductors". MRS Advances 1, nr 17 (2016): 1157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.103.
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ABSTRACTDiscovery of superconductivity in BiS2 layers based systems has attracted tremendous interest of both experimentalists and theoreticians from condensed matter physics community. In this article, a review of our high pressure studies on BiS2 based superconductors is given. The pressure effects on magnetic, transport properties and superconducting transitions are discussed for different types of doped and undoped BiS2-based compounds such as Bi4O4S3 and ReO/FBiS2 (Re = rare-earth). Pressure tends to decrease the magnetic transition temperature in the undoped or only slightly doped compounds. The superconducting Tc increases with low pressure for under doped BiS2 based compounds, remains approximately constant for optimal doping, and decreases linearly in the overdoped range. Under pressure, the semiconducting behavior in the normal state is suppressed markedly and monotonically, whereas the evolution of Tc is nonlinear, the superconductivity in the BiS2 layer favors the Fermi surface at the boundary between the semiconducting and metallic behaviors. However, strong suppression of the semiconducting and induced metallic behavior without doping in ReO/FBiS2 suggests that the Fermi surface is located in the vicinity of some instability. Furthermore, notable properties under pressure in the BiS2 family are reported. The prospects for raising Tc in this family are proposed on the basis of experimental and theoretical studies.
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Suzuki, K., H. Usui i K. Kuroki. "Minimum Model and its Theoretical Analysis for Superconducting Materials with BiS2 Layers". Physics Procedia 45 (2013): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2013.04.042.
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Jha, Rajveer, i Yoshikazu Mizuguchi. "Superconductivity in La2O2M4S6 -Type Bi-based Compounds: A Review on Element Substitution Effects". Condensed Matter 5, nr 2 (6.04.2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/condmat5020027.
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Since 2012, layered compounds containing Bi-Ch (Ch: S and Se) layers have been extensively studied in the field of superconductivity. The most-studied system is BiS2-based superconductors with two-layer-type conducting layers. Recently, superconductivity was observed in La2O2M2S6 (M = metals), which contains four-layer-type conducting layers. The four-layer-type Bi-based superconductors are new systems in the family of Bi-based superconductors; we can expect further development of Bi-based layered superconductors. In this review article, we summarize the progress of synthesis, structural analysis, investigations on superconducting properties, and material design of the four-layer-type Bi-based superconductors. In-plane chemical pressure is the factor essential for the emergence of bulk superconductivity in the system. The highest Tc of 4.1 K was observed in Rare Earth elements (RE) substituted La2-xRExO2Bi3Ag0.6Sn0.4S6.
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Sogabe, Ryota, Yosuke Goto, Tomohiro Abe, Chikako Moriyoshi, Yoshihiro Kuroiwa, Akira Miura, Kiyoharu Tadanaga i Yoshikazu Mizuguchi. "Improvement of superconducting properties by high mixing entropy at blocking layers in BiS2-based superconductor REO0.5F0.5BiS2". Solid State Communications 295 (czerwiec 2019): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssc.2019.04.001.
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Pugliese, G. M., L. Tortora, E. Paris, T. Wakita, K. Terashima, A. Puri, M. Nagao i in. "The Local Structure of the BiS2 Layer in RE(O,F)BiS2 Determined by In-Plane Polarized X-ray Absorption Measurements". Physchem 1, nr 3 (10.11.2021): 250–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/physchem1030019.
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We have investigated the local structure of BiS2-based layered materials by Bi L3-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements performed on single crystal samples with polarization of the X-ray beam parallel to the BiS2 plane. The results confirm highly instable nature of BiS2 layer, characterized by ferroelectric like distortions. The distortion amplitude, determined by the separation between the two in-plane (Bi-S1) bonds, is found to be highest in LaO0.77F0.23BiS2 with ΔR∼0.26 Å and lowest in NdO0.71F0.29BiS2 with ΔR∼0.13 Å. Among the systems with intrinsic doping, CeOBiS2 shows smaller distortion (ΔR∼0.15 Å) than PrOBiS2 (ΔR∼0.18 Å) while the highest distortion appears for EuFBiS2 revealing ΔR∼0.22 Å. It appears that the distortion amplitude is controlled by the nature of the RE(O,F) spacer layer in the RE(O,F)BiS2 structure. The X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra, probing the local geometry, shows a spectral weight transfer that evolves systematically with the distortion amplitude in the BiS2-layer. The results provide a quantitative measurements of the local distortions in the instable BiS2-layer with direct implication on the physical properties of these materials.
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Strang, Tom. "Developing a GIS of Hazards for Canadian Cultural Institutions". Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (15.06.2018): e26305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.26305.
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The Canadian Conservation Institute (CCI) has developed a Geographic Information System (GIS) of hazards for Canadian cultural heritage institutions. The greatly increased access to open data is changing how advisory bodies like the CCI and the public can access and share information. For the purpose of investigating how a GIS approach can assist the CCI with its mandate to improve the preservation of collections, a map layer of cultural heritage institutions across Canada has been assembled and continues to be upgraded for accuracy, inclusion and detail (Fig. 1). This was combined with a collation of hazard layers; a partial list includes: seismic risk, notably expectations of earthquake severity tied to improvements in the national building code, tsunami exposure, wildfire data, hurricane, tornado, lightning density, pest distribution, and energy use indicators such as heating degree days and climate norm data. The platform allows examination of expectations around climate change driven risks such as sea-level rise, storm-incursions, permafrost melt. The GIS approach will also allow reassessments around expected changes to flood risk maps issued by jurisdictions, as well as Statistics Canada layers on population related factors such as changes in numbers of local populations, income and demographic shifts which can be stressors or opportunities. Sources have been drawn from federal, provincial, municipal, and academic evaluations of hazards, which now are more commonly published as GIS products. Mapping Canadian heritage institution's within a GIS improves our ability to: visualise and interpret to clients the relative magnitude of their local hazards, make ties to more refined local analyses, and show adjacencies to mapped historical events. From a national perspective the GIS can generate profiles of aggregated institutional exposure to the hazards, and more readily identify sub-populations of institutions for which particular risks would rank higher or lower among their concerns. This improves CCI's preventive conservation advisory service's perspective on mappable risks for any institution we deal with as clients. Ultimately, through federal initiatives in open data, it is our intention that client groups can look at the GIS for the purpose of educating themselves on hazards they would want to prepare for.
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Jiang, Wen Long, Yu Duan, Yi Zhao, Jingying Hou i Shi Yong Liu. "A Novel Efficient Blue Organic Light Emitting Structure". Materials Science Forum 475-479 (styczeń 2005): 3677–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.3677.
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In this paper, we describe the performance of an organic light emitting devices〔OLEDs〕 with ITO /4,4’,4“-tris{N,- （ 3-methylphenyl ） -N-phenylamino}triphenylamine (m-MTDATA) /N,N-diphenyl-N,N-bis1-naphthyl-1,1-biphenyl-4,4-diamine (NPB) /copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) / NPB / Bathocuproine(BCP) / tris-8-hydroxyquinoline Aluminum (Alq3) / LiF/ AL structure, the CuPc inserted between the two layers of NPB as a hole-consuming layer (HCL), and the BCP as a hole-blocking layer (HBL) . The EL spectrum peak is at 430 nm, indicating that the carrier recombination is confined in the NPB layer, in additional light emission originates from NPB. Compared with the luminous efficiency of the conventional diode without CuPc layer, that of the diode with HCL has been sharply increased up to 2.62 cd /A. It suggested that the CuPc and BCP exactly function as hole-consuming and hole-blocking layers, respectively, which enhance the efficiency of carrier，s recombination and confine the excitation in the EL layer.
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Zhou, W. Y., A. Meetsma, J. L. de Boer i G. A. Wiegers. "Characterization and electrical transport properties of the misfit layer compounds (BiSe)1.10NbSe2 and (BiSe)1.09TaSe2". Materials Research Bulletin 27, nr 5 (maj 1992): 563–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-5408(92)90144-o.
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Ariyadi, Tamsir. "Mitigasi Keamanan Dynamic Host Control Protocl (DHCP) Untuk Mengurangi Serangan Pada Local Area Network (LAN)". INOVTEK Polbeng - Seri Informatika 3, nr 2 (27.11.2018): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.35314/isi.v3i2.455.
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Keamanan jaringan telah menjadi perhatian lebih karena pesatnya pertumbuhan dan perluasan Internet. Sementara ada beberapa cara untuk memberikan keamanan pada layer application, transport, atau network layers, data link layer (Layer 2) keamanan belum bisa diterapkan secara maksimal. protokol data link layer yang digunakan dalam Local Area Network (LAN) tidak dirancang dengan keamanan yang secara signature. Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP) adalah salah satu jaringan yang paling banyak digunakan untuk konfigurasi host yang bekerja dalam data menghubungkan lapisan. DHCP rentan terhadap sejumlah serangan, seperti serangan DHCP rogue Server, serangan DHCP Starvation, dan serangan DHCP Snooping. Pembahasan prototype terhadap keamanan jaringan yang disebut Mitigasi Keamanan Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP) Untuk Mengurangi Serangan pada Local Area Network (LAN).
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Tkhorzhevskiy, Ivan L., Anton D. Zaitsev, Petr S. Demchenko, Dmitry V. Zykov, Aleksei V. Asach, Anastasiia S. Tukmakova, Elena S. Makarova, Anna V. Novotelnova, Natalya S. Kablukova i Mikhail K. Khodzitsky. "Properties of Bi and BiSb Nano-Dimensional Layers in Thz Frequency Range". Solid State Phenomena 312 (listopad 2020): 206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.312.206.
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In the present paper we demonstrate and compare different properties of Bi and Bi1-xSbx thin films placed on polyimide (PI) substrate in frequency range from 0.2 to 1.0 THz. Bi films with a thickness of 40, 105 and 150 nm have been studied as well as 150 nm Bi1-xSbx solid solutions with Sb concentration of 5, 8, 12 and 15 %. An effective refractive index and permittivity of whole substrate/film structures have been derived by using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) method. These measurements have shown the positive phase shift in PI substrate with a thickness of 42 μm and revealed that it is barely transparent in studied frequency range, but the whole substrate/film structure provides the negative phase shift of terahertz wave. It was shown that the permittivity depends on mobility of charge carriers which is driven by film thickness and antimony content.
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Michel, Franck, i The Bioschemas Community. "Bioschemas & Schema.org: a Lightweight Semantic Layer for Life Sciences Websites". Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (22.05.2018): e25836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25836.
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Web portals are commonly used to expose and share scientific data. They enable end users to find, organize and obtain data relevant to their interests. With the continuous growth of data across all science domains, researchers commonly find themselves overwhelmed as finding, retrieving and making sense of data becomes increasingly difficult. Search engines can help find relevant websites, but the short summarizations they provide in results lists are often little informative on how relevant a website is with respect to research interests. To yield better results, a strategy adopted by Google, Yahoo, Yandex and Bing involves consuming structured content that they extract from websites. Towards this end, the schema.org collaborative community defines vocabularies covering common entities and relationships (e.g., events, organizations, creative works) (Guha et al. 2016). Websites can leverage these vocabularies to embed semantic annotations within web pages, in the form of markup using standard formats. Search engines, in turn, exploit semantic markup to enhance the ranking of most relevant resources while providing more informative and accurate summarization. Additionally, adding such rich metadata is a step forward to make data FAIR, i.e. Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable. Although schema.org encompasses terms related to data repositories, datasets, citations, events, etc., it lacks specialized terms for modeling research entities. The Bioschemas community (Garcia et al. 2017) aims to extend schema.org to support markup for Life Sciences websites. A major pillar lies in reusing types from schema.org as well as well-adopted domain ontologies, while only proposing a limited set of new types. The goal is to enable semantic cross-linking between knowledge graphs extracted from marked-up websites. An overview of the main types is presented in Fig. 1. Bioschemas also provides profiles that specify how to describe an entity of some type. For instance, the protein profile requires a unique identifier, recommends to list transcribed genes and associated diseases, and points to recommended terms from the Protein Ontology and Semantic Science Integrated Ontology. The success of schema.org lies in its simplicity and the support by major search engines. By extending schema.org, Bioschemas enables life sciences research communities to benefit from a lightweight semantic layer on websites and thus facilitates discoverability and interoperability across them. From an initial pilot including just a few bio-types such as proteins and samples, the Bioschemas community has grown and is now opening up towards other disciplines. The biodiversity domain is a promising candidate for such further extensions. We can think of additional profiles to account for biodiversity-related information. For instance, since taxonomic registers are the backbone of many web portals and databases, new profiles could describe taxa and scientific names while reusing well-adopted vocabularies such as Darwin Core terms (Baskauf et al. 2016) or TDWG ontologies (TDWG Vocabulary Management Task Group 2013). Fostering the use of such markup by web portals reporting traits, observations or museum collections could not only improve information discovery using search engines, but could also be a key to spur large-scale biodiversity data integration scenarios.
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Petříček, V., I. Cisarova, J. L. de Boer, W. Zhou, A. Meetsma, G. A. Wiegers i S. van Smaalen. "The modulated structure of the commensurate misfit-layer compound (BiSe)1.09TaSe2". Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 49, nr 2 (1.04.1993): 258–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768192009996.
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Hsu, H. H., C. H. Cheng, C. K. Lin, K. Y. Chen i Y. L. Lin. "Tantalum Nitride for Copper Diffusion Blocking on Thin Film (BiSb)2Te3". MRS Proceedings 1490 (2012): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2012.1645.
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ABSTRACTThis study demonstrates the feasibility of introducing a TaN thin film as a copper diffusion barrier for p-type (BiSb)2Te3 thermoelectric material. Compared to conventional Ni diffusion barrier, remarkably little void generation in Cu bulk or near Cu/TaN interface originated from Cu penetration is observed for TaN barrier after suffering the thermal budget of close to soldering. Diffusion behaviors of the barriers were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) to make a deep understanding in clarifying interface diffusion effects among the Cu electrode, the barrier layer, and the (BiSb)2Te3thermoelectric layer.
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Enjalbert, Renée, Svetlana Sorokina, Alicia Castro i Jean Galy. "Comparison of Bismuth Stereochemistry in [BiO2]n and [Bi2O2]n Layers. Refinement of BiSbO4." Acta Chemica Scandinavica 49 (1995): 813–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3891/acta.chem.scand.49-0813.
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P, Nanang Hadi, Trismadi Trismadi, Novera Budi Lesmana i Eddy Prahasta. "Visualisasi dan Analisis Peta Laut Militer untuk Pengembangan Strategi Pertahanan di Laut (Studi Kasus Perairan Pulau Baai Bengkulu)". Jurnal Chart Datum 2, nr 1 (20.09.2022): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37875/chartdatum.v2i1.71.
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Perkembangan teknologi militer dari tahun ke tahun mengalami kemajuan yang sangat pesat, sehingga memicu perkembangan taktik dan strategi tempur yang telah ada. Dengan perkembangan taktik dan strategi tentunya dibutuhkan data-data pendukung yang semakin komplek.
Untuk memenuhi hal tersebut, diperlukan peta khusus yang ditujukan untuk kepentingan militer, Peta tersebut adalah Peta Laut yang diberi tambahan layer Militer atau disebut dengan AML (Additional Military Layers). AML merupakan sekumpulan produk data digital geospasial yang dirancang khusus untuk memenuhi kebutuhan Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Laut dalam bidang pertahanan di luar kepentingan navigasi.
AML bukanlah merupakan layer yang menutupi peta navigasi. Beberapa bagian dari AML bisa digunakan pada beberapa produk, seperti ENC, akan tetapi AML dibuat dengan tujuan untuk kepentingan non-navigasi, (seperti dukungan untuk peperangan ranjau). Komponen tertentu dari AML dapat digunakan sendiri tanpa ENC untuk menampilkan peta navigasi secara penuh.
Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data dan analisis spasial, diperoleh 10 layer AML dari 9 layer yang tertuang dalam konsep AML yang dikeluarkan oleh North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO).
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Drits, Victor A., Boris A. Sakharov i Stephen Hillier. "Phase and structural features of tubular halloysite (7 Å)". Clay Minerals 53, nr 4 (27.11.2018): 691–720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/clm.2018.57.
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ABSTRACTDespite many reviews and original articles, the actual crystal structure of tubular halloysites remains unclear. Analysis of the structural features of defect-free kaolinite, refined by Bish & von Dreele (1989), shows that the ordered 1Tckaolinite structure can be described equally well by the orthogonal layer cell {a0,b0, γ0} (γ0= 90°) or by two enantiomorphic oblique layer cells {a1,b1, γ1} and {a2,b2, γ2}, related to each other by a mirror plane. To simulate diffraction effects for tubular halloysite, the parameters and atomic coordinates of the orthogonal layer unit cell and the layer-displacement vectorst1andt2responsible for formation of the kaolinite enantiomorphs were deduced by transformation of the parameters of the defect-free kaolinite refined by Bish & von Dreele (1989). Modelling X-ray diffraction patterns show that the samples consist of either single, two or three phases, with the number and their structural features depending on the morphology of the particles. Samples formed of prismatic particles consist of halloysite-like structure (HLS), kaolinite-like structure (KLS) and halloysite cylindrical structure (HCS) phases occurring in various proportions. Samples of proper cylindrical tubes consist of a single HCS phase, whilst samples formed by particles having morphologies intermediate between proper cylindrical and well-developed prismatic forms consist of the KLS and HCS phases. The KLS phase is comparable to low-ordered platy kaolinite with identical unit-cell parameters, layer-displacement vectors and arbitrary stacking faults, except that the layer displacements are not random as in kaolinite, but are distributed at R = 1 such thatt1andt2displacements have a strong tendency to be segregated. Structural parameters describing the HLS and KLS phases are identical, but in the HLS phase there is a strong tendency to the regular alternation of thet1andt2displacements, and the HLS phases do not contain arbitrary stacking faults. A characteristic feature of the three-phase prismatic samples is that the stacking of the layers along thec* axis is periodic and the layer thicknesses are similar to those of platy kaolinite. In contrast, in the KLS phase formed in samples with particles of intermediate morphologies, the hydrated 10 and 7.25 Å layers are interstratified. The relationship between the structural and morphological features of the coexisting phases suggests a sequence of phase formation from the centre to the surface of halloysite tubes that progresses from the HCS to the HLSviathe KLS phase. The results of this study demonstrate that all kaolinite and halloysite (7 Å) varieties are built by the same fundamental structural units.
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Mata-Montero, Erick, Dagoberto Arias-Aguilar, Geovanni Figueroa-Mata i Juan Carlos Valverde. "Deep Learning for Forest Species Identification Based on Macroscopic Images". Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (22.05.2018): e25261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25261.
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The fast and accurate identification of forest species is critical to support their sustainable management, to combat illegal logging, and ultimately to conserve them. Traditionally, the anatomical identification of forest species is a manual process that requires a human expert with a high level of knowledge to observe and differentiate certain anatomical structures present in a wood sample (Wiedenhoeft (2011)). In recent years, deep learning techniques have drastically improved the state of the art in many areas such as speech recognition, visual object recognition, and image and music information retrieval, among others (LeCun et al. (2015)). In the context of the automatic identification of plants, these techniques have recently been applied with great success (Carranza-Rojas et al. (2017)) and even mobile apps such as Pl@ntNet have been developed to identify a species from images captured on-the-fly (Joly et al. (2014)). In contrast to conventional machine learning techniques, deep learning techniques extract and learn by themselves the relevant features from large datasets. One of the main limitations for the application of deep learning techniques to forest species identification is the lack of comprehensive datasets for the training and testing of convolutional neural network (CNN) models. For this work, we used a dataset developed at the Federal University of Parana (UFPR) in Curitiba, Brazil, that comprises 2939 images in JPG format without compression and a resolution of 3.264 x 2.448 pixels. It includes 41 different forest species of the Brazilian flora that were cataloged by the Laboratory of Wood Anatomy at UFPR (Paula Filho et al. (2014)). Due to the lack of comprehensive datasets world wide, this has become a benchmark dataset in previous research (Paula Filho et al. (2014), Hafemann et al. (2014)). In this work, we propose and demonstrate the power of deep CNNs to identify forest species based on macroscopic images. We use a pre-trained model which is built from the resnet50 model and uses weights pre-trained on ImageNet. We apply fine-tuning by first truncating the top layer (softmax layer) of the pre-trained network and replacing it with a new softmax layer. Then we train again the model with the dataset of macroscopic images of species of the Brazilian flora used in (Hafemann et al. (2014), Paula Filho et al. (2014)). Using the proposed model we achieve a top-1 98% accuracy which is better than the 95.77% reported in (Hafemann et al. (2014) )using the same data set. In addition, our result is slightly better than the reported in (Paula Filho et al. (2014)) of 97.77% which was obtained by combining several conventional techniques of computer vision.
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HERYANTO, M. ARY, DENY JUANANTA, AGATA SADANARESWARI i SARI AYU WULANDARI. "Klasifikasi Jenis Kulit Wajah menggunakan Backpropagation Neural Networks Berbasis GLCM". ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika 11, nr 3 (25.07.2023): 705. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/elkomika.v11i3.705.
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ABSTRAKKulit wajah sangat sensitif dibandingkan dengan bagian tubuh lainnya. Ada beberapa jenis kulit wajah, yaitu normal, berminyak, dan kering. Namun, terkadang mengidentifikasi jenis kulit wajah seseorang dengan benar bisa menjadi masalah karena terdapat lima jenis kulit wajah yang berbeda. Untuk mengatasi kesulitan dalam mengidentifikasi jenis kulit wajah, pada penelitian ini diterapkan metode klasifikasi Backpropagation Neural Network berbasis GLCM. Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga jenis kulit wajah, yaitu: kering, berminyak, dan normal. Sedangkan untuk mencari model arsitektur yang tepat dilakukan dengan cara variasi jumlah hidden layer dan jumlah neuron per hidden layer. Setelah dilakukan beberapa pengujian didapatkan hasil akurasi 96.70% untuk model sembilan lapisan tersembunyi dengan enam neuron pada tiap lapisan tersembunyi.Kata kunci: kulit wajah, klasifikasi, backpropagation neural network, GLCM. ABSTRACTFacial skin is very sensitive compared to other body parts. There are several facial skin types: normal, oily, and dry. However, sometimes correctly identifying a person's facial skin type can be problematic because there are five different skin types. To overcome difficulties in identifying facial skin types, this study applied the GLCM-based Backpropagation Neural Networks classification method. This study used three types of facial skin, namely: dry, oily, and normal. Meanwhile, finding the right architectural model is done by varying the number of hidden layers and the number of neurons per hidden layer. After several tests, the results obtained an accuracy of 96.70% for the nine hidden layers model with six neurons for each hidden layer.Keywords: facial skin, classification, backpropagation neural network, GLCM.
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Daly, Brenda, i Reuben Roberts. "Possibilities and Pitfalls with Establishing a National Data Store for Natural Science Collections". Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (6.06.2018): e27244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.27244.
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The South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) has initiated the development of the National Biodiversity Information System to provide access to integrated South African biodiversity information. The aim of the project is to centrally manage all biodiversity information to support researchers, conservationists, policy and decision-makers in achieving their goals, support planners in making sensible decisions, and help SANBI understand the anthropogenic impact on biodiversity. The project is set to deliver a centralised web-based infrastructure to capture, aggregate, manage, discover, analyse and visualise biodiversity data and associated information through a suite of tools and spatial layers. The infrastructure is a Microsoft technology stack with microservices component architecture (http://microservices.io/patterns/microservices.html), which is vital to building an application out of small collaborating services, stemming from integrating the enterprise system. SANBI conducted a review of the data holdings of the individual herbaria and museums in South Africa. The intention is to have a federated approach to data management, exposing what is available as a collection but ensuring that each individual natural science collection has full ownership and management control over their data within a defined framework and governed by internationally accepted data policies and standards. The presentation highlights the opportunities and unexpected difficulties with developing a national botanical and zoological collections data management service in South Africa.
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Nader, A., A. Briggs i Y. Gotoh. "Superconductivity in the misfit layer compounds (BiSe)1.10(NbSe2) and (BiS)1.11(NbS2)". Solid State Communications 101, nr 3 (styczeń 1997): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-1098(97)80006-3.
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ENJALBERT, R., S. SOROKINA, A. CASTRO i J. GALY. "ChemInform Abstract: Comparison of Bismuth Stereochemistry in (BiO2)n and (Bi2O2)n Layers. Refinement of BiSbO4." ChemInform 27, nr 5 (12.08.2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199605001.
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Kelling, Steve. "Technology Developments for Biodiversity Monitoring and Conservation". Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (22.05.2018): e25833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25833.
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Over the next 5 years major advances in the development and application of numerous technologies related to computing, mobile phones, artificial intelligence (AI), and augmented reality (AR) will have a dramatic impact in biodiversity monitoring and conservation. Over a 2-week period several of us had the opportunity to meet with multiple technology experts in the Silicon Valley, California, USA to discuss trends in technology innovation, and how they could be applied to conservation science and ecology research. Here we briefly highlight some of the key points of these meetings with respect to AI and Deep Learning. Computing: Investment and rapid growth in AI and Deep Learning technologies are transforming how machines can perceive the environment. Much of this change is due to increased processing speeds of Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), which is now a billion-dollar industry. Machine learning applications, such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) run more efficiently on GPUs and are being applied to analyze visual imagery and sounds in real time. Rapid advances in CNNs that use both supervised and unsupervised learning to train the models is improving accuracy. By taking a Deep Learning approach where the base layers of the model are built upon datasets of known images and sounds (supervised learning) and later layers relying on unclassified images or sounds (unsupervised learning), dramatically improve the flexibility of CNNs in perceiving novel stimuli. The potential to have autonomous sensors gathering biodiversity data in the same way personal weather stations gather atmospheric information is close at hand. Mobile Phones: The phone is the most widely used information appliance in the world. No device is on the near horizon to challenge this platform, for several key reasons. First, network access is ubiquitous in many parts of the world. Second, batteries are improving by about 20% annually, allowing for more functionality. Third, app development is a growing industry with significant investment in specializing apps for machine-learning. While GPUs are already running on phones for video streaming, there is much optimism that reduced or approximate Deep Learning models will operate on phones. These models are already working in the lab, with the biggest hurdle being power consumption and developing energy efficient applications and algorithms to run complicated AI processes will be important. It is just a matter of time before industry will have AI functionality on phones. These rapid improvements in computing and mobile phone technologies have huge implications for biodiversity monitoring, conservation science, and understanding ecological systems. Computing: AI processing of video imagery or acoustic streams create the potential to deploy autonomous sensors in the environment that will be able to detect and classify organisms to species. Further, AI processing of Earth spectral imagery has the potential to provide finer grade classification of habitats, which is essential in developing fine scale models of species distributions over broad spatial and temporal extents. Mobile Phones: increased computing functionality and more efficient batteries will allow applications to be developed that will improve an individual’s perception of the world. Already AI functionality of Merlin improves a birder’s ability to accurately identify a bird. Linking this functionality to sensor devices like specialized glasses, binoculars, or listening devises will help an individual detect and classify objects in the environment. In conclusion, computing technology is advancing at a rapid rate and soon autonomous sensors placed strategically in the environment will augment the species occurrence data gathered by humans. The mobile phone in everyone’s pocket should be thought of strategically, in how to connect people to the environment and improve their ability to gather meaningful biodiversity information.
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SAPUTRA, RONI, SAID SUNARDIYO, ANAN NUGROHO i SUBIYANTO SUBIYANTO. "Analisis Arsitektur Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan-Multilayer Perceptron untuk Efektivitas Estimasi Beban Energi Listrik PT. PLN (Persero) UP3 Salatiga". ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika 11, nr 3 (25.07.2023): 664. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/elkomika.v11i3.664.
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ABSTRAKPT PLN (Persero) UP3 Salatiga merupakan perusahaan penyedia energi listrik enam kabupaten di Jawa Tengah. Agar energi listrik yang mengalir ke pelanggan handal dan ekonomis, penyesuaian antara supply dan demand penting untuk dilakukan. Hal ini bisa dilakukan dengan perencanaan operasi sistem tenaga listrik dalam bentuk estimasi beban energi listrik. Pada penelitian ini, estimasi dilakukan dengan jaringan syaraf tiruan-multilayer perceptron. Sejumlah variasi jumlah layer dan node pada arsitektur perceptron diuji-cobakan untuk mendapatkan performa estimasi yang terbaik. Dari penelitian ini, diperoleh arsitektur terbaik yaitu TRAINGDA 4 hidden layer dengan 20 node hidden layer, dengan nilai MAPE sebesar 2.79% tahap training, serta nilai MAPE sebesar 3.24% tahap testing. Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa metode jaringan syaraf tiruan-multilayer perceptron lebih akurat sebagai estimator beban energi listrik PT PLN (Persero) UP3 Salatiga.Kata kunci: estimasi, estimasi beban, energi listrik, multilayer perceptron ABSTRACTPT PLN (Persero) UP3 Salatiga is an electricity provider company for 6 districts in Central Java. To ensure reliable and economical electricity supply to customers, adjustment between supply and demand is important to be conducted. This can be achieved through planning of power system operation in the form of electricity load estimation. In this study, estimation was performed using artificial neural network-multilayer perceptron. Several variations of the number of layers and nodes in the perceptron architecture were tested to obtain the best estimation performance. From this study, the best architecture was obtained with TRAINGDA 4 hidden layers and 20 hidden layer nodes, resulting in MAPE value of 2.79% in the training phase and 3.24% in the testing phase. These results indicate that artificial neural network-multilayer perceptron method is more accurate as an estimator of electricity load for PT PLN (Persero) UP3 Salatiga.Keywords: estimation, load estimation, electrical energy, multilayer perceptron
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Zhang, Xin Ming, Chang Ming Fu i Ting Ting Guo. "Staggered-Grid Finite Difference Method for Numerical Simulation of the Formulated BISQ Model". Advanced Materials Research 756-759 (wrzesień 2013): 4742–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.4742.
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In this paper, based on the formulated BISQ model including the Biot-flow and squirt-flow mechanism simultaneously, the elastic wave propagation in the isotropic porous medium filled with fluids is simulated by the staggered grid finite difference method. The perfectly matched layer method and the flux-corrected transport method are used to eliminate the effect of boundary reflection and numerical dispersion effect. The results of numerical simulation demonstrate that the method is effective.
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Jomier, Rémy, Solène Robert i Pascal Dupont. "National Scientific Validation for Data in the Information System on Nature and Landscapes (Système d'Information sur la Nature et les Paysages - SINP)". Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (22.05.2018): e25881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25881.
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As part of the Biodiversity Information System on Nature and Landscapes (Système d'Informations Nature et Paysages or SINP), the French National Natural History Museum has been appointed by the French ministry in charge of ecology to develop mechanisms for biodiversity data exchange, especially taxon occurrences (there are also elements on habitat occurrences, geo-heritage, etc.). Given that there are thousands of different sources for datasets, containing over 42 million records, such a development brings into question the underlying quality of data. To add complexity, there can be several layers of quality assurance: one by the producer of the data, one by a regional node, and another one by the national node. The approach to quality issues was addressed by a dedicated working group, representative of biodiversity stakeholders in France. The resulting documents focus on core methodology elements that characterize a data quality process for, in the first instance, taxon occurrences only. It may be extended to habitats, geology, etc. in the near future. For scientific validation, two processes are used: One automated process that uses expertise upstream (automated validation based on previous databases created through the use of said expertise), with several criteria such as comparison with a national taxonomic reference database (TAXREF), and with species reference distributions. The outcomes of this process will indicate error potential and can be used to automatically flag data above a certain threshold for the following process. A second, manual process, that allows for further scrutiny in order to reach a conclusive evaluation. The combination of both processes allows experts to focus on data that has a higher likelihood of being erroneous, thus saving time and resources. One objective of the INPN (Inventaire National du Patrimoine Naturel, or National Inventory of Natural Heritage), after one or both approaches, is to have each record assigned a confidence level. The poster will be about National scientific validation of data in the SINP. It will show for whom and why it is done, whether the expertise lies upstream or downstream (manual validation through expert networks), what documents may exist, and what attributes have been considered to be added to the national standards so as to convey the information derived from these processes.
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Wesley, Rachel, i Emma Burns. "Kōhatu Mauri: An Exercise in Practice across Cultures". Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (20.04.2018): e26015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.26015.
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The 2017 redevelopment of Otago Museum’s Discovery World into Tūhura, a bi-cultural science centre that reflected an indigenous Kāi Tahu understanding of the universe alongside a western scientific paradigm, was a bold move into new territory for museum staff, who had to become familiar with not only new forms of knowledge, but also to work comfortably with Kāi Tahu tikanga (values-based practice) and cultural beliefs. An integral component of the creation of a space reflective of a Māori worldview is the placement of a Kōhatu Mauri - a small boulder or rock loaded with symbolism that encapsulates the mauri, or 'lifeforce' of a space. In order to enhance its value as a receptacle for the mauri of such a space, a Kōhatu Mauri must be touched, thus increasing the actual mauri it contains. If a Kōhatu Mauri is treated as a typical museum object, isolated and untouched, the result is culturally akin to death and is symbolic of a lack of life and perceived value of its wider space. To fit with Kāi Tahu notions of value, a Kōhatu Mauri is usually selected according to aesthetic, historic, and whakapapa (genealogy) values. It must be firmly rooted in its cultural context, regardless of the space it inhabits. When the need for a Kōhatu Mauri for Tūhura was identified, short timeframes and recognition of the need to select a boulder that captured the above cultural values resulted in the selection of a sarsen stone that had recently been acquired for the geological collections of the Otago Museum. The transition of the sarsen stone into a Kōhatu Mauri highlighted an anomaly in how collection items are valued. When objects that hold a special cultural value for a community come into a museum environment, they tend to lose that value by being removed from their cultural context. This paper will explore how the opposite happened in the case of the sarsen stone transitioning into a Kōhatu Mauri. The contradictions and confusion around understanding multiple layers of meaning and value in a collection item resulted in the Kōhatu Mauri ultimately losing its museum value while in the process of regaining its cultural value.
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Hobern, Donald, Andrea Hahn i Tim Robertson. "Options to streamline and enrich biodiversity data aggregation". Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (21.05.2018): e26808. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.26808.
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The success of Darwin Core and ABCD Schema as flexible standards for sharing specimen data and species occurrence records has enabled GBIF to aggregate around one billion data records. At the same time, other thematic, national or regional aggregators have developed a wide range of other data indexes and portals, many of which enrich the data by interpreting and normalising elements not currently handled by GBIF or by linking other data from geospatial layers, trait databases, etc. Unfortunately, although each of these aggregators has specific strengths and supports particular audiences, this diversification produces many weaknesses and deficiencies for data publishers and for data users, including: incomplete and inconsistent inclusion of relevant datasets; proliferation of record identifiers; inconsistent and bespoke workflows to interpret and standardise data; absence of any shared basis for linked open data and annotations; divergent data formats and APIs; lack of clarity around provenance and impact; etc. The time is ripe for the global community to review these processes. From a technical standpoint, it would be feasible to develop a shared, integrated pipeline which harvested, validated and normalised all relevant biodiversity data records on behalf of all stakeholders. Such a system could build on TDWG expertise to standardise data checks and all stages in data transformation. It could incorporate a modular structure that allowed thematic, national or regional networks to generate additional data elements appropriate to the needs of their users, but for all of these elements to remain part of a single record with a single identifier, facilitating a much more rigorous approach to linked open data. Most of the other issues we currently face around fitness-for-use, predictability and repeatability, transparency and provenance could be supported much more readily under such a model. The key challenges that would need to be overcome would be around social factors, particularly to deliver a flexible and appropriate governance model and to allow research networks, national agencies, etc. to embed modular components within a shared workflow. Given the urgent need to improve data management to support Essential Biodiversity Variables and to deliver an effective global virtual natural history collection, we should review these challenges and seek to establish a data management and aggregation architecture that will support us for the coming decades.
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Grenda-Kurmanow, Magdalena. "Scanning Electron Microscopy as a Tool to Observe the Effects of Simulated Conservation Treatment on Herbarium Specimens". Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (13.06.2018): e26093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.26093.
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This paper presents the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observations conducted for the project "Heritage preservation and ethnobotany. Analysis of the influence of conservation treatment on genetic material comprised in historic herbaria“ (project no. 2014/13/N/HS2/03118) funded by the National Science Centre in Poland. The main aim of the project is to establish if treatment methods used by herbarium conservators and mounters in different countries are harmful for the DNA material comprised in herbarium specimens. In order to analyse this problem the author conducted an international survey among specialists with documented experience in herbarium treatment. The next step was the evaluation of the results and the choice of materials. The chosen materials were then applied to samples of herbarium specimens, artificially aged in the climatic chamber, and subjected to DNA analysis. The results of the survey illustrated the variety of the materials used to treat and mount specimens. Some of them, such as methyl cellulose, were used in different concentrations and different degrees of polymerization. The project limitations determined the selection of materials for further testing, particularly when it comes to the concentration of a particular adhesive/consolidant. At the same time the main assumption was to identify versions of the material that can effectively penetrate the specimen in order to intensify the potential influence on its DNA. Dessicated plant specimens are not a common material in conservation research because their structure is highly heterogenic, fragile and brittle. Moreover, the materials used for mounting and conservation treatment are most often adapted from bookbinding and paper conservation disciplines. They are not always suitable for the treatment of botanic material and may cause damage. When observations of stratigraphic samples under a traditional microscope proved unsatisfactory, the potential of SEM imaging was examined. SEM turned out to be a very useful tool to observe the effects of simulated conservation treatments conducted on herbarium specimen samples, but only when samples were coated with gold. The conclusions from these observations informed decisions about what versions of the conservation and mounting materials should be used for further testing. Additionally, some samples were observed after artificial aging in aclimatic chamber. It enabled us to observe the degradation of the layers of materials applied onto the specimens. The analysis focussed on the leaves of two species, Fragaria vesca (wild strawberry) and Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress).
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Thiers, Barbara, Roslyn Rivas i Elizabeth Kiernan. "Using Data From Index Herbariorum to Assess Threats to the World’s Herbaria". Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (15.06.2018): e26440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.26440.
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During the past few years, natural disasters, political or social unrest and institutional actions have imperiled herbaria. The question has been raised multiple times whether or not the data gathered about herbaria in Index Herbariorum could be used to predict which herbaria are at the greatest risk. Armed with such knowledge curators and the greater collections community might be in a better position to safeguard those herbaria. To explore the feasibility of using Index Herbariorum data in this way, we have identified a set of specific threats and then scored herbaria according to their susceptibility to those threats. These threats fall into two categories: Physical and Administrative. Physical threats are those that could lead to loss of collections through outright destruction due to catastrophic events (e.g., earthquake, flood) or loss of the protective controls (e.g., air conditioning, building security) that ensure a safe collections environment. Determination of these threats is based on location. Administrative threats involve decisions made by the governing body to remove staff support, appropriate space or climate control measures for the collection. Physical threats were determined using GIS to plot the location of all herbaria, and then overlaying these with map layers indicating current earthquakes, floods, cyclones and landslides and potential future threats (sea level rise and civil unrest). We deduced Administrative threats from Index Herbariorum data elements. These include the status of the herbarium (active or inactive), whether or not the Index Herbariorum entry for an institution has been updated in the past 10 years, whether or not the herbarium has a designated curator, the ratio of staff to specimens, and whether or not the collection has been digitized. Each threat was assessed as absent or present, and assigned a value of 0 or 1 accordingly. Using this method, less than 4% face no identified threats; 65% face one to three threats and 35% face five or more threats. The criteria used in this study cannot alone predict the future security of a collection, or the lack thereof. The reasons for the loss of a collection are usually more complicated than Index Herbariorum data can convey. However, the large proportion of herbaria that face multiple threats suggests that all herbaria should be aware of the risk factors for their collection, perhaps conducting a self-evaluation using the criteria presented here or others, and where possible should incorporate responses to those threats into their strategic and disaster preparedness plans.
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Tamtama, Gabriel Indra Widi, i I. Kadek Dendy Senapartha. "Fake Face Detection System Using MobileNets Architecture". CESS (Journal of Computer Engineering, System and Science) 8, nr 2 (3.07.2023): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/cess.v8i2.43762.
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Sistem pengenalan wajah merupakan salah satu metode dalam teknik biometric yang menggunakan wajah untuk proses identifikasi atau verifikasi seseorang. Teknologi ini tidak memerlukan kontak fisik seperti verifikasi sidik jari dan diklaim lebih aman karena wajah setiap orang memiliki karakter yang berbeda-beda. Terdapat dua fase utama dalam sistem biometrik wajah, yaitu deteksi wajah palsu Presentation Attack (PA) detektor dan pengenalan wajah (face recognition). Penelitian ini melakukan eksperimen dengan tujuan membangun sebuah model pembelajaran mesin (machine learning) berbasis mobile untuk melakukan deteksi wajah palsu ataupun memverifikasi keaslian wajah dengan menggunakan arsitektur Mobilenets. Verifikasi keaslian wajah diperlukan untuk meningkatkan sistem pengenalan wajah sehingga bisa membedakan wajah palsu dengan asli. Wajah palsu bisa dihadirkan dengan menunjukkan rekaman video atau gambar wajah seseorang sehingga bisa memanipulasi sistem. Dengan adanya metode verifikasi wajah asli, maka keamanan sistem bisa ditingkatkan dan meminimalisir penyalahgunaan. Kami menggunakan tiga jenis dataset publik, yaitu Replay-Mobile, Record-MPAD, dan LLC-FSAD untuk bahan training terhadap model anti-spoof yang dibangun. Model anti-spoof wajah dibangun dengan menggunakan arsitektur MobilenetV2 dengan menambahkan 3 layer neural network yang digunakan sebagai layer klasifikasi. Kemudian pengujian secara terkontrol dilakukan dengan menggunakan program komputer menghasilkan nilai HTER 0.17. Sedangkan hasil pengujian secara tidak terkontrol menggunakan aplikasi prototipe Android menghasilkan nilai HTER sebesar 0.21. Hasil pengujian ini menghasilkan selisih nilai HTER sebesar 0.04 yang mengindikasikan bahwa model anti-spoof wajah akan memiliki performa yang cenderung menurun bila digunakan secara real. The facial recognition system is a method in biometric techniques that use faces to identify or verify a person. This technology does not require physical contact such as fingerprint verification and is claimed to be safer because everyone's face has a different character. There are two main phases in the facial biometric system, namely fake face detection (Presentation Attack (PA) detector) and facial recognition. This study conducted experiments with the aim of building a mobile-based machine learning model to detect fake faces or verify facial authenticity using the MobileNets architecture. Verification of facial authenticity is needed to improve the facial recognition system so that it can distinguish fake faces from real ones. Fake faces can be presented by showing video recordings or pictures of someone's face so they can manipulate the system. The real-face verification method can improve system security and minimize misuse. We use three types of public datasets, namely Replay-Mobile, Record-MPAD, and LLC-FSAD for training materials for the built anti-spoof model. The facial anti-spoof model is built using the MobilenetV2 architecture by adding 3 neural network layers which are used as classification layers. Then controlled testing was carried out using a computer program to produce an HTER value of 0.17. While the results of uncontrolled testing using the Android prototype application produce an HTER value of 0.21. The results of this test produce a difference in the HTER value of 0.04, indicating that the facial anti-spoof model will have performance that tends to decrease when used in real terms.
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Yoo, Bowon, Dong Ding, Jose M. Marin-Beloqui, Luis Lanzetta, Xiangnan Bu, Thomas Rath i Saif A. Haque. "Improved Charge Separation and Photovoltaic Performance of BiI3 Absorber Layers by Use of an In Situ Formed BiSI Interlayer". ACS Applied Energy Materials 2, nr 10 (16.09.2019): 7056–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.9b00838.
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Salvador, Rodrigo, i Daniel Cavallari. "Little-known Dangers to Natural History Collections: Bynesian Decay and Pyrite Decay". Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (13.06.2018): e26983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.26983.
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The deterioration of specimens in natural history collections is a major concern of curators. Collections containing carbonatic specimens (e.g., molluscs, corals, fossils) are of special concern, since calcium carbonate (CaCO3) can deteriorate in the presence of acidic vapours. There are two main types of danger related to these volatile acids, called Bynesian decay and pyrite decay. In Bynesian decay, acetic and formic acids are released by storage materials (e.g., wood, varnishes, cardboard). If the collection is not under adequate conditions and presents high relative humidity and temperature, the acids react with the specimens’ carbonate, yielding salts and carbon dioxide. The tell-tale “symptom” of an affected specimen is a thin white granular layer of efflorescing salts. Pyrite decay is somewhat similar, but restricted to fossils that contain the mineral pyrite (FeS2). In high relative humidity, pyrite is oxidised, yielding sulfuric acid, which can in turn corrode carbonatic specimens lodged in the same drawer or cabinet. The corrosion damage caused is irreversible, of course, but the affected specimens might be partially salvaged via specific cleaning and treating procedures. Nevertheless, it is better to just avoid the problem altogether by keeping the collection facilities in adequate conditions. It is hard to come up with a single solution for all the problems any given collection might face, but some measures are reasonably universal. First and foremost, one should strive to maintain a low relative humidity (45–50%) and an appropriate temperature range (16–21ºC). This can be achieved, for instance, with HVAC systems and the use of common desiccant materials such as silica gel. Conditions within the collection should be monitored via the combined use of hygrometer, thermometer, and pH indicators. Furthermore, archival quality materials should be used as often as possible, such as steel drawers and cabinets with electrostatic coating, and acid-free paper and cardboard. Finally, specimens containing reactive pyrite must be kept isolated in archival quality plastic (e.g., mylar) or glass containers.
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Jomier, Remy, i Solène Robert. "Data Quality in Data Exchanges: a Tri-Part Approach in the French Information System on Nature and Landscapes". Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (18.05.2018): e25176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25176.
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As part of the Biodiversity Information System on Nature and Landscapes (SINP), the French National Natural History Museum has been appointed to develop biodiversity data exchanges by the French ministry in charge of ecology. Given there are, quite literally, thousands of different sources, such a development brings into question the underlying quality of data. To add complexity, there can be several layers of quality: one being appraised by the producer himself, one by a regional node, and one by the national node. The approach to quality issues was addressed by a dedicated working group, representative of biodiversity stakeholders in France. The resulting documents focus on core methodology elements that characterize a data quality process for taxon occurrences only in the first instance (It may be extended to habitats, geology, etc. in the near future). Three processes are covered, how to ensure: data conformity by checking for the presence of compulsory elements or that a given attribute is of the right type, data consistency by checking information versus other information (for example, an end date has to be later than a start date), and scientific validation, through either manual (use of expertise) or automated (comparison with knowledge databases) means, or even a combined approach that provides users with a quality appraisal of said data. Within the SINP, only data that has passed conformity and consistency tests can be exchanged with any and all types of validation levels. For example, should there be no expert existing on a specific taxon group, unvalidated data can be shared. For scientific validation, two processes are used, one automatic that uses several criteria such as comparison with a national taxonomic reference database (TAXREF), and with species reference maps. The combination of all these elements can be used to automatically flag data for a second, deeper, manual process that allows for further scrutiny in order to reach a conclusive evaluation. This allows experts to work only on “doubtful” data, thus saving time. In the future, other criteria that are currenly used with the manual approach, such as for example congruity, data scarcity on a given species, determination difficulty, existence of associated proof (specimen, picture…), knowledge of the ability of the observer, databases on most frequent determination errors etc., could be added to the automatic process. Some elements must be included in the data to allow for comprehensive testing, and have been included in a national data standard so that the result of the validation process can be shared with users, allowing them to judge how the data is fit for their use. The presentation will deal with how such a work was undertaken and how conformity, consistency and scientific validation have been treated and issues solved by the workgroup. For example, there could be a 40 million data record backlog. The presentation will also show how the required elements could be integrated into the French national standard.
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Costa, Wilian, Leonardo Miranda, Rafael Borges, Antonio Saraiva, Vera Imperatriz-Fonseca i Tereza Giannini. "The Need of Species Distribution Models Metadata: Using Species Distribution Model to Address Decision Making on Climate Change". Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (21.05.2018): e25478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25478.
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Anthropogenic-induced climate change has already altered the conditions to which species have adapted locally, and consequently, shifts of occurrence areas have been previously reported (Chen et al. 2011). Anticipating the results of climate change is urgent, and using these results efficiently to guide decision-making can help to build strategies to protect species from those changes. Therefore, our objective is to propose the use of climate change impact assessments, obtained through species distribution models (SDMs), to guide decision making. The emphasis will be on data that could help determine the potentially vulnerable species and the priority areas, which could act as climate refuges, as well as wildlife corridors. SDMs are based on species occurrence points, available mainly from biological collections and observations (Franklin 2010). When combined with geospatially explicit layers of abiotic or biotic data (e. g. temperature, precipitation, land use), which defines the ecological requirements of species under study, it can generate species distribution models. These models are projected in the form of maps indicating areas where the species can find the most suitable habitats and, therefore, where one can most likely find them. To support public policies decision, the generation of robust and reliable model is an important factor. A minimum number of six occurrence points is a mandatory requirement, with non-overlapping area as a filter criteria. Unfortunatelly, in Brasil, as well as in Latin America in general, this type of data is scarce. Thus, with SDMs, four types of decision making information data regarding priority species and areas could be obtained (Fig. 1). Size of potential occurrence areas: species that have a small area of occurrence are potentially vulnerable, since they present endemism, usually living in restricted environmental conditions. In this case, any small change in environmental conditions can result in the extinction of the impacted species. Thus, this region needs to be protected. Difference between current and future area: species presenting the most significant reduction in potential areas should be prioritized by decision-makers. This measurement could be used as an indication of vulnerability. Even species that have no predicted area reduction or an increase could be prioritized in management programs due to its role in the complex interaction networks of ecosystem services, such as pollinators, seed dispersers or disease control. These species could be more resilient to network interaction changes due climate, and possibly are better able to provide their services in the extreme unfavorable climate scenarios. Areas that maintain higher species diversity in future scenarios: their protection could be prioritized in restoration and conservation programs. Especially in cases involving multiple species, those areas could be considered as climate refuges by decision-makers. Additionally, for the reconstruction and use of SDM published in peer-reviewed journals, it is necessary that all pieces of information about models, its generation, ensemble methods, data cleaning and data quality criteria applied should be available. The availability of the four above mentioned types of information can help on decision-making strategies aiming the protection of priority species and areas. In conclusion, SDMs present essential information about the present and future impacts of projected climate change and their derived data could be preserved using a standard controlled vocabulary.
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Ali, Baso, i Made Wahyuni Komala. "Perbandingan Fitur Layer 7 Protocol dan Web Proxy untuk Sistem Keamanan Filtering Rule SMPN 5 Palopo". Jurnal Literasi Digital 1, nr 1 (29.03.2021): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.54065/jld.1.1.2021.3.
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Penelitian ini dilakukan di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri 5 Palopo. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis perbandingan fitur layer7 protocol dan webproxy untuk sistem keamanan filtering rule pada Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri 5 Palopo. Masalah pada penelitian ini yaitu bagaimana menganalisis perbandingan fitur layer7 protocol dan webproxy untuk sistem keamanan filtering rule. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif, konfigurasinya menggunakan aplikasi winbox dan pengujian pada PC client menggunakan aplikasi browser. Hasil akhir yang dicapai analisis perbandingan ini dapat digunakan oleh siswa/siswi Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri 5 Palopo agar tidak mengakses situs diluar konten pembelajaran saat belajar di laboratorium. Kesimpulan dari analisis perbandingan fitur layer7 protocol dan webproxy adalah fitur layer7 protocol bisa memblokir situs http dan https penggunaan resource mikrotik lebih tinggi 34% sedangkan, webproxy bisa memblokir situs http saja penggunaan resource mikrotik lebih rendah 20%.
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Ko, Chihjen, i Lex Wang. "Applying Design Thinking in Revising Data Curation of Taiwanese Herbaria". Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (22.05.2018): e25828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25828.
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Herbaria in Taiwan face critical data challenges: Different taxonomic views prevent data exchange; There is a lack of development practices to keep up with standard and technological advances; Data is disconnected from researchers’ perspective, thus it is difficult to demonstrate the value of taxonomists’ activities, even though a few herbaria have their specimen catalogue partially exposed in Darwin Core. Different taxonomic views prevent data exchange; There is a lack of development practices to keep up with standard and technological advances; Data is disconnected from researchers’ perspective, thus it is difficult to demonstrate the value of taxonomists’ activities, even though a few herbaria have their specimen catalogue partially exposed in Darwin Core. In consultation with the Herbarium of the Taiwan Forestry Research Institute (TAIF), the Herbarium of the National Taiwan University (TAI) and the Herbarium of the Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica (HAST), which together host most important collections of the vegetation on the island, we have planned the following activities to address data challenges: Investigate a new data model for scientific names that will accommodate different taxonomic views and create a web service for access to taxonomic data; Refactor existing herbarium systems to utilize the aforementioned service so the three herbaria can share and maintain a standardized name database; Create a layer of Application Programming Interface (API) to allow multiple types of accessing devices; Conduct behavioral research regarding various personas engaged in the curatorial workflow; Create a unified front-end that supports data management, data discovery, and data analysis activities with user experience improvements. Investigate a new data model for scientific names that will accommodate different taxonomic views and create a web service for access to taxonomic data; Refactor existing herbarium systems to utilize the aforementioned service so the three herbaria can share and maintain a standardized name database; Create a layer of Application Programming Interface (API) to allow multiple types of accessing devices; Conduct behavioral research regarding various personas engaged in the curatorial workflow; Create a unified front-end that supports data management, data discovery, and data analysis activities with user experience improvements. To manage these developments at various levels, while maximizing the contribution of participating parties, it is crucial to use a proven methodological framework. As the creative industry has been leading in the area of solution development, the concept of design thinking and design thinking process (Brown and Katz 2009) has come to our radar. Design thinking is a systematic approach to handling problems and generating new opportunities (Pal 2016). From requirement capture to actual implementation, it helps consolidate ideas and identify agreed-on key priorities by constantly iterating through a series of interactive divergence and convergence steps, namely the following: Empathize: A divergent step. We learn about our audience, which in this case includes curators and visitors of the herbarium systems, about what they do and how they interact with the system, and collate our findings. Define: A convergent step. We construct a point of view based on audience needs. Ideate: A divergent step. We brainstorm and come up with creative solutions, which might be novel or based on existing practice. Prototype: A convergent step. We build representations of the chosen idea from the previous step. Test: Use the prototype to test whether the idea works. Then refine from step 3 if problems were with the prototyping, or even step 1, if the point of view needs to be revisited. Empathize: A divergent step. We learn about our audience, which in this case includes curators and visitors of the herbarium systems, about what they do and how they interact with the system, and collate our findings. Define: A convergent step. We construct a point of view based on audience needs. Ideate: A divergent step. We brainstorm and come up with creative solutions, which might be novel or based on existing practice. Prototype: A convergent step. We build representations of the chosen idea from the previous step. Test: Use the prototype to test whether the idea works. Then refine from step 3 if problems were with the prototyping, or even step 1, if the point of view needs to be revisited. The benefits by adapting to this process are: Instead of “design for you”, we “design together”, which strengthens the sense of community and helps the communication of what the revision and refactoring will achieve; When put in context, increased awareness and understanding of biodiversity data standards, such as Darwin Core (DwC) and Access to Biological Collections Data (ABCD); As we lend the responsibility of process control to an external facilitator, we are able to focus during each step as a participant. Instead of “design for you”, we “design together”, which strengthens the sense of community and helps the communication of what the revision and refactoring will achieve; When put in context, increased awareness and understanding of biodiversity data standards, such as Darwin Core (DwC) and Access to Biological Collections Data (ABCD); As we lend the responsibility of process control to an external facilitator, we are able to focus during each step as a participant. We illustrate how the planned activities are conducted by the five iterative steps.
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Rizki, Muhammad, Setio Basuki i Yufis Azhar. "Implementasi Deep Learning Menggunakan Arsitektur Long Short Term Memory(LSTM) Untuk Prediksi Curah Hujan Kota Malang". Jurnal Repositor 2, nr 3 (5.03.2020): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/repositor.v2i3.470.
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AbstrakTidak selamanya cuaca di Indonesia berjalan dengan normal atau sesuai dengan musimnya, cuaca sering berubah secara tiba-tiba setiap saat karena ada faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penurunan dan peningkatan curah hujan. perkiraan cuaca sangatlah dibutuhkan dan sangat bermanfaat olah berbagai pihak karena bisa menjadi acuan bagi berbagai kalangan untuk menjalani kegiatan mereka sehari-hari. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode Deep Learning karena dari beberapa penelitian sebelumnya yang menggunakan Deep Learning dalam kasus yang berbeda mampu menghasilkan akurasi diatas 85%. Deep learning adalah jaringan yang terdiri dari beberapa layer. Layer-layer tersebut berasal dari kumpulan node-node. Arsitektur yang digunakan yaitu Long Short Term Memory(LSTM) karena pada penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya menggunakan LSTM dalam kasus yang berbeda mendapat hasil yang baik yaitu RME yang dihasilkan kecil. LSTM memiliki struktur seperti rantai dan struktur pada tiap sel terdapat 3 gate yaitu forget gate, input gate, dan output gate. Oleh karena itu, perhitungan yang dilakukan lebih kompleks ditambah lagi dengan Deep Learning diharapkan mendapat hasil yang lebih akurat. Data yang digunakan yaitu data curah hujan kota Malang yang berasal dari BMKG. Abstract The weather in Indonesia does not always run normally or in accordance with the season, the weather often changes suddenly at any time because there are factors that affect the decrease and increase in rainfall. weather forecasts are needed and very useful if the various parties because it can be a reference for various circles to undergo their daily activities. The study was conducted using Deep Learning method because of some previous research using Deep Learning in different cases able to produce accuracy above 85%. Deep learning is a network consisting of several layers. The layers are derived from a collection of nodes. The architecture used is Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) because in previous studies using LSTM in different case got good result that is small generated RME. LSTM has a structure like chains and structures in each cell there are 3 gates of forget gate, input gate, and output gate. Therefore, the calculations performed more complex plus the Deep Learning is expected to get more accurate results. The data used is the rainfall data of Malang city that comes from BMKG.
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Huy, Ho Hoang, Julian Sasaki, Nguyen Huynh Duy Khang, Shota Namba, Pham Nam Hai, Quang Le, Brian York i in. "Large inverse spin Hall effect in BiSb topological insulator for 4 Tb/in2 magnetic recording technology". Applied Physics Letters 122, nr 5 (30.01.2023): 052401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0135831.
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It is technically challenging to shrink the size of a tunneling magnetoresistance reader to below 20 nm for magnetic recording technology beyond 4 Tb/in2 due to its complex film stack. Recently, we proposed a reader architecture based on the inverse spin Hall effect to resolve those challenges, referred below as spin–orbit torque (SOT) reader, whose structure consists of a SOT layer and a ferromagnetic layer. However, the heavy metal-based SOT reader has small output voltage and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) due to the limited spin Hall angle θSH (< 1) of heavy metals. In this Letter, we demonstrate the integration of BiSb topological insulator with strong inverse spin Hall effect into the SOT reader that can significantly improve the output voltage and SNR. First, we theoretically calculate the noises in a 20 × 20 nm2 BiSb-based SOT reader to establish the relationships between SNR and θSH at various bias currents. We then demonstrate proof-of-concept BiSb-based SOT readers using CoFe/MgO/BiSb stack, which show large output voltages up to 15 mV at an input current of 9.4 kA/cm2 at room temperature. We project a giant θSH = 61 for BiSb. Our work demonstrates the potential of BiSb for SOT reader beyond 4 Tb/in2 magnetic recording technology.
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Siahaan, Mangapul. "Prediction of Smooth Rusunawa Rental Payments Using the Backpropagation Algorithm and Decision Tree". CESS (Journal of Computer Engineering, System and Science) 8, nr 2 (7.07.2023): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/cess.v8i2.46862.
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Permasalahan pemukiman yang sering terjadi diperkotaan adalah keterbatasan lahan untuk tempat tinggal sedangkan pertumbuhan penduduk semakin berkembang sehingga diperlukan prasarana tempat tinggal untuk masyarakat yang golongan ekonomi kurang mampu. Kelancaran pembayaran uang sewa rumah susun masih menjadi kendala sehingga diperlukan suatu sistem untuk mengklasifikasi dan prediksi kemampuan bayar oleh masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa algoritma yang bagus dengan nilai akurasi yang tinggi agar bisa diimpelementasikan pada sistem. Sumber dataset yang digunakan dari database aplikasi sewa rumahsusun dengan variabel yang digunakan adalah nobriva, pekerjaan, statuspekerjaan, gaji, hargasewa dan keterangan. Algoritma yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Decision Tree dan Backpropagation dengan arsitektur 5-5-2. Berdasarkan hasil uji maka didapat nilai akurasi Decision Tree sebesar 90%, sedangkan nilai akurasi dengan algoritma Backpropagation dan arsitektur jumlah 5 node layer, 5 node hiden layer dan 2 node output layer dengan menggunakan activation sigmoid maka menghasilkan nilai akurasi sebesar 88.39%.Settlement problems that often occur in urban areas are limited land for residence while population growth is growing, so residential infrastructure is needed for economically disadvantaged people. The smooth payment of rent for flats is still an obstacle, so a system is needed to classify and predict the ability to pay by the public. This study aims to analyze a good algorithm with a high accuracy value so that it can be implemented in the system. The dataset source used is the flat rental application database, with the variables used are nobriva, occupation, employment status, salary, rental price, and description. The algorithm used in this research is Decision Tree and Backpropagation with 5-5-2 architecture. Based on the test results, the accuracy value of the Decision Tree is 90%. In contrast, the accuracy value with the Backpropagation algorithm and architecture consists of 5 node layers, 5 hidden layer nodes, and 2 output layer nodes using sigmoid activation, resulting in an accuracy value of 88.39%.
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Majhi, Kunjalata, Vivek K. Manu, R. Ganesan i P. S. Anil Kumar. "High-quality thin film growth of the weak topological insulator BiSe on Si (111) substrates via pulsed laser deposition". Journal of Applied Physics 133, nr 7 (21.02.2023): 074401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0130066.
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In this work, we report the growth of high-quality BiSe thin films deposited on Si (111) substrates at different temperatures via pulsed laser deposition. We observe poor sample quality at a low substrate temperature (T[Formula: see text]C), and as the substrate temperature increases, the crystallinity of the samples increases. At a substrate temperature, T[Formula: see text]C, BiSe Raman modes (modes centered around 97.6 and 112.9 cm[Formula: see text]) start to emerge with less intensity and evolve with the increase in the substrate temperature and at T[Formula: see text]C closely match with that of single crystals. These modes correspond to the vibrations of Se-atoms from the Bi[Formula: see text]Se[Formula: see text] quintuple layers and Bi-atoms from the Bi-bilayer. By carefully investigating the structural properties and the Raman modes of BiSe thin films at each substrate temperature, we provide an optimal condition to grow high-quality thin films of BiSe by pulsed laser deposition.
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Munasatya, Nico, i Sendi Novianto. "Natural Language Processing untuk Sentimen Analisis Presiden Jokowi Menggunakan Multi Layer Perceptron". Techno.Com 19, nr 3 (28.08.2020): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33633/tc.v19i3.3630.
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Analisis sentiment biasa digunakan untuk opini minning dalam artian memberikan sebuah identitas/label (Positif, Negatif, Neutral) kedalam data/corpus.NLP (Natural Language Processing) digunakan untuk mengolah data/corpus agar dapat dipahami/dimengerti oleh mesin atau bisa dikatakan data preprocessing/cleaning text.Teks klasifikasi digunakan untuk memproses data/corpus dimasukan kedalam model mesin klasifikasi menggunakan model Multi-layer perceptron yang nantinya akan menghasilkan sebuah prediksi persentase akurasi > 90% (lebih baik).Visualisasi data yang digunakan untuk mempresentasikan hasil dari model mesin yang merupakan supervised learning.Model selection digunakan untuk memperbaiki hasil persentase akurasi dari model mesin yang dilatih tadi ,untuk model selection bisa memakai model Monte Carlo cross-validation.Hasil pengujian pada sistem yang dibangun didapatkan nilai akurasi hingga 93,26 %.
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F.R.Aliyev, F. R. Aliyev. "THE SbBiTe2Se-SbBiTe2S PHASE DIAGRAM OF THE Sb-Bi-S-Se-Te SYSTEM". Azerbaijan Journal of Chemical News 04, nr 01 (30.05.2022): 06–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32010/ajcn04012022-06.
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Using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and differential thermal analysis (DTA), the phase equilibria of the SbBiTe2Se – SbBiTe2S section were studied, and its T-x diagram was constructed. The system is non-quasibinary, due to both initial phases melting in the temperature range. The system is stable below the solidus, which is characterized by the formation of continuous solid solutions (α-phase) with a tetradymite-like hexagonal structure. An analysis of the structural features of tetradymite and other tetradymite-like compounds shows that the substitution of atoms by related atoms is possible in all layers of the packet. In this work sulfur atoms in the central layer can be easily replaced by selenium atoms. This tendency allows us to expect the formation of the range of compositions in the BiSb-Te-Se-S system in which substitutions are realized in cationic and anionic positions. Lattice parameters were determined from the results of powder diffraction patterns. It has been established that the crystal lattice parameters of solid solutions change linearly with composition, which complies with the Vegards rule. Keywords: SbBiTe2Se – SbBiTe2S system, phase diagram, tetradymite-like structure, solid solutions, high entropy alloys.
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F.R.Aliyev, F. R. Aliyev. "THE SbBiTe2Se-SbBiTe2S PHASE DIAGRAM OF THE Sb-Bi-S-Se-Te SYSTEM". Azerbaijan Journal of Chemical News 04, nr 01 (30.05.2022): 06–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32010/ajcn04012022.
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Using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and differential thermal analysis (DTA), the phase equilibria of the SbBiTe2Se – SbBiTe2S section were studied, and its T-x diagram was constructed. The system is non-quasibinary, due to both initial phases melting in the temperature range. The system is stable below the solidus, which is characterized by the formation of continuous solid solutions (α-phase) with a tetradymite-like hexagonal structure. An analysis of the structural features of tetradymite and other tetradymite-like compounds shows that the substitution of atoms by related atoms is possible in all layers of the packet. In this work sulfur atoms in the central layer can be easily replaced by selenium atoms. This tendency allows us to expect the formation of the range of compositions in the BiSb-Te-Se-S system in which substitutions are realized in cationic and anionic positions. Lattice parameters were determined from the results of powder diffraction patterns. It has been established that the crystal lattice parameters of solid solutions change linearly with composition, which complies with the Vegards rule. Keywords: SbBiTe2Se – SbBiTe2S system, phase diagram, tetradymite-like structure, solid solutions, high entropy alloys.
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Wardhana, Reza. "Pemodelan Multi-Layer Multihop Routing Protocol Pada Jaringan Wireless Sensor Network". Informatika Mulawarman : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Komputer 15, nr 1 (19.02.2020): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/jim.v15i1.3315.
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Seiring perkembangan jaman, kebutuhan untuk pertukaran dan penambangan informasi semakin meningkat. Tidak hanya bandwidth namun juga jalur yang baik dibutuhkan untuk menjembatani pengguna mendapatkan informasi yang dibutuhkan. Perangkat sensor telah menajadi salah satu piranti yang digunakan untuk menambang data, baik data yang dekat dengan tubuh manusia, atau jauh dari jangkauan manusia. Sebuah perangkat sensor cerdas yang umumnya kecil dengan daya terbatas, membutuhkan banyak penelitian untuk bisa memaksimalkan fungsinya.Routing protocol adalah salah satu jembatan untuk mengantarkan data dengan pilihan jalur terbaik dari node hingga sampai kepada pengguna. Banyak penelitian yang dilakukan untuk menghasilkan algoritme routing terbaik, dan semua itu untuk bisa menghasilkan routing protocol yang efektif mengantarkan paket hingga ke tujuan dan efisien dari segi penggunaan daya. Efisiensi energi adalah sesuatu yang penting dalam routing protocol wireless sensor network (WSN), dan hierarchical protocol adalah salah satu rujukan metode routing yang fokus terhadap permasalahan energi.
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Когай, В. Я., i Г. М. Михеев. "Твердофазные реакции и фазовые превращения в наноразмерной пленочной структуре висмут/селен". Физика и техника полупроводников 52, nr 8 (2018): 823. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftp.2018.08.46204.8735.
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AbstractExperimental results of a study concerned with solid-phase reactions and phase transformations in a Bi/Se nanoscale film structure under heat treatment in vacuum are presented. Nanocrystalline Bi2Se3, BiSe, and Bi_4Se_3 films are obtained for the first time by solid-phase synthesis at various ratios between the Bi and Se layer thicknesses. The phase-transformation temperatures at which Se, BiSe, and Bi4Se3 crystalline phases are formed are determined. The average crystallite sizes in the Bi_2Se_3, BiSe, and Bi_4Se_3 films are found to be 21, 23, and 33 nm, respectively.
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Hartono, Reynaldo Stefanus, i Hendrawan Armanto. "Klasifikasi Genre Manga Menggunakan Convolutional Neural Network". JATISI (Jurnal Teknik Informatika dan Sistem Informasi) 8, nr 2 (17.06.2021): 573–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.35957/jatisi.v8i2.890.
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Peneliti melakukan percobaan tentang klasifikasi genre manga berdasarkan input berupa gambar hitam putih dan cover manga. Menentukan genre manga merupakan hal yang cukup menantang karena genre adalah fitur yang tidak terlihat secara fisik dalam manga, sehingga model deteksi gambar yang tersedia tidak dapat disesuaikan dengan mudah ke dalam konteks ini. Selain itu, multi-label classification lebih menantang dari binary classification ataupun multi-class classification mengingat satu input dapat ditetapkan ke beberapa kelas sekaligus. Setelah berhasil melakukan prediksi genre, maka selanjutnya yang perlu dilakukan adalah menganalisa data yang ada sehingga menemukan faktor yang bisa mempengaruhi hasil akhir yang ditemukan.
Convolutional Neural Network merupakan metode yang sering digunakan untuk melakukan klasifikasi gambar karena mampu mendeteksi fitur utama gambar, kombinasi lapisan arsitekturnya mampu menghasilkan prediksi yang kompleks dan relevan. Lapisan arsitektur neural network meliputi convolutional layer, pooling layer, dan fully connected layer. Setiap layer memiliki parameter yang bisa diubah sesuai kebutuhan penelitian. Perubahan parameter ini memungkinkan peneliti untuk memperoleh hasil yang berbeda.
Percobaan dilakukan melalui dua tahapan. Tahap pertama berisi 15 percobaan dengan struktur model convolutional neural network yang sama. Tahap kedua berisi 24 percobaan dengan mengubah struktur model convolutional neural networknya. Total keseluruhan percobaan yang dilakukan adalah 39 percobaan. Hasil terbaik yang diperoleh adalah percobaan ke-38 dengan akurasi 46.3 persen dan jumlah F1 yang aktif adalah 25 genre. Selain itu, peneliti telah menganalisa beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi hasil penelitian yang telah diperoleh dengan harapan bisa berguna untuk peneliti lain yang ingin melakukan penelitian sejenis.
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Utami, Mailia Putri. "Implementasi Aplikasi Konsultasi Kesehatan Jiwa Dengan Algoritma Kepakaran dan Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan". Techno.Com 22, nr 2 (26.05.2023): 462–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33633/tc.v22i2.8038.
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Upaya untuk menjawab bagaimana cara komputasi memproses data teks dari konsultasi pasien menjadi sebuat inputan yang dapat dimengerti menjadi hasil akurat untuk dapat memeberikan rekomendasi dari konsultaasi yang dikeluhkan pasien membangun dan mengembangkan algoritma Artificial Neural Network dalam membangun sistem optimal untuk memberikan hasil rekomendasi konsultasi kesahatan mental manusia secara kepakaran, dengan focus utama pada data input dan output yang akurat dan tepat Natural Language Processing (NLP), Algoritma Artificial Neural Network yang digunakan menggunakan jenis multilayer. Cara kerja dari jenis multilayer adalah later pertama dijadikan input layer yang bertugas menyimpan vector input pada jaringan, selanjutnya layer input dimasukan secara komputasi pada layer kedua, yang bekerja bisa dengan proses komputasi parallel. Sistem pakar yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode dari Forward Chaining. Tingkat kecocokan input dengan hasil ANN yang diambil adalah akurasi 0.92 selain itu sistem akan menampilkan bahwa sistem tidak bisa memproses ‘Tidak mengerti perintah’, akurasi sistem yang dibangun merupakan akurasi prosedur dari model utama yang terbentuk. Iterasi yang dipakai yaitu 92 kali dan waktu eksekusi optimal sistem beropreasi bisa sangat cepat yaitu 0.016 second. Proses Artificial Neural Network merupakan proses utama dari penelitian ini, karena proses kerjanya sebagai penyambung kata setiap dataset dan akan dicocokan dengan inputan pengguna
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Salim, José Augusto, Antonio Saraiva, Kayna Agostini, Marina Wolowski, Allan Veiga, Juliana Silva i Luisa Carvalheiro. "Brazilian Network on Plant-Pollinator Interactions: an update on the initiative of a standard for plant-pollinator interactions data". Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (21.05.2018): e25343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25343.
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The Brazilian Plant-Pollinator Interactions Network*1 (REBIPP) aims to develop scientific and teaching activities in plant-pollinator interaction. The main goals of the network are to: generate a diagnosis of plant-pollinator interactions in Brazil; integrate knowledge in pollination of natural, agricultural, urban and restored areas; identify knowledge gaps; support public policy guidelines aimed at the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services for pollination and food production; and encourage collaborative studies among REBIPP participants. To achieve these goals the group has resumed and built on previous works in data standard definition done under the auspices of the IABIN-PTN (Etienne Américo et al. 2007) and FAO (Saraiva et al. 2010) projects (Saraiva et al. 2017). The ultimate goal is to standardize the ways data on plant-pollinator interactions are digitized, to facilitate data sharing and aggregation. A database will be built with standardized data from Brazilian researchers members of the network to be used by the national community, and to allow sharing data with data aggregators. To achieve those goals three task groups of specialists with similar interests and background (e.g botanists, zoologists, pollination biologists) have been created. Each group is working on the definition of the terms to describe plants, pollinators and their interactions. The glossary created explains their meaning, trying to map the suggested terms into Darwin Core (DwC) terms, and following the TDWG Standards Documentation Standard*2 in definition. Reaching a consensus on terms and their meaning among members of each group is challenging, since researchers have different views and concerns about which data are important to be included into a standard. That reflects the variety of research questions that underlie different projects and the data they collect. Thus, we ended up having a long list of terms, many of them useful only in very specialized research protocols and experiments, sometimes rarely collected or measured. Nevertheless we opted to maintain a very comprehensive set of terms, so that a large number of researchers feel that the standard meets their needs and that the databases based on it are a suitable place to store their data, thus encouraging the adoption of the data standard. An update of the work will soon be available at REBIPP website and will be open for comments and contributions. This proposal of a data standard is also being discussed within the TDWG Biological Interaction Data Interest Group*3 in order to propose an international standard for species interaction data. The importance of interaction data for guiding conservation practices and ecosystem services provision management has led to the proposal of defining Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs) related to biological interactions. Essential Biodiversity Variables (Pereira et al. 2013) were developed to identify key measurements that are required to monitoring biodiversity change. EBVs act as intermediate abstract layer between primary observations (raw data) and indicators (Niemeijer 2002). Five EBV classes have been defined in an initial stage: genetic composition, species populations, species traits, community composition, ecosystem function and ecosystem structure. Each EBV class defines a list of candidate EBVs for biodiversity change monitoring (Fig. 1). Consequently, digitalization of such data and making them available online are essential. Differences in sampling protocols may affect data scalability across space and time, hence imposing barriers to the full use of primary data and EBVs calculation (Henry et al. 2008). Thus, common protocols and methods should be adopted as the most straightforward approach to promote integration of collected data and to allow calculation of EBVs (Jürgens et al. 2011). Recently a Workshop was held by GLOBIS B*4 (GLOBal Infrastructures for Supporting Biodiversity research) to discuss Species Interactions EBVs (February, 26-28, Bari, Italy). Plant-pollinator interactions deserved a lot of attention and REBIPP's work was presented there. As an outcome we expect to define specific EBVs for interactions, and use plant-pollinators as an example, considering pairwise interactions as well as interaction network related variables. The terms in the plant-pollinator data standard under discussion at REBIPP will provide information not only on EBV related with interactions, but also on other four EBV classes: species populations, species traits, community composition, ecosystem function and ecosystem structure. As we said, some EBVs for specific ecosystem functions (e.g. pollination) lay beyond interactions network structures. The EBV 'Species interactions' (EBV class 'Community composition') should incorporate other aspects such as frequency (Vázquez et al. 2005), duration and empirical estimates of interaction strengths (Berlow et al. 2004). Overall, we think the proposed plant-pollinator interaction data standard which is currently being developed by REBIPP will contribute to data aggregation, filling many data gaps and can also provide indicators for long-term monitoring, being an essential source of data for EBVs.
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Sharma, Vinay, Prabesh Bajracharya, Anthony Johnson i Ramesh C. Budhani. "Interface-driven spin pumping and inverse Rashba-Edelstein effect in FeGaB/Ag/BiSb multilayers". AIP Advances 12, nr 3 (1.03.2022): 035028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/9.0000311.
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Spin-orbit-coupling (SOC) plays a critical role in spin-to-charge conversion (SCC) mechanism. The SCC process is usually investigated by injecting a spin current from ferromagnet (FM) into a large SOC normal metal (SOC-NM) and then measuring the voltage generated by inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE). Recently, a new mechanism of SCC at inversion symmetry breaking interfaces between topological insulators (TIs) and magnetically ordered materials has been introduced, which is driven by the inverse Rashba-Edelstein effect (IREE). Motivated by this result, we have investigated the IREE effect of a simple binary three-dimensional TI Bi85Sb15 (BiSb). The model system used here is a trilayer of FeGaB/Ag/BiSb with different Ag thickness made insitu with a combination of dc magnetron sputtering and pulsed laser ablation. The SCC efficiency has been evaluated by measuring ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) driven ISHE voltage and extraction of the Gilbert damping (α) and interfacial spin mixing conductance (g↑↓) from the FMR line shape analysis. It is interesting to note that the charge current (Ic) increases with Ag thickness. This observation indicated that the IREE process at the Ag/BiSb interface dominates over ISHE in the bulk of BiSb film. The conversion efficiency of IREE is determined by calculating the IREE length (λIREE), which increases with the thickness of the Ag layer. These findings offer a method to generate and detect the IREE in a room temperature deposited heterostructure using simple coplanar waveguide setup.
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Syaifullah, Muhammad. "Metode Traffic Shaping pada Layer 7 Protocol untuk Mengoptimalkan Kinerja Jaringan Komputer Menggunakan Mikrotik". Jurnal Ilmu Komputer dan Bisnis 8, nr 1 (15.05.2017): 1890–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.47927/jikb.v8i1.97.
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Jaringan komputer merupakan suatu jaringan yang menghubungkan antar komputer dan memberi akses pada berbagai layanan aplikasi jaringan seperti layanan komputer data. Pada jaringan komputer multi layanan atau internet sering timbul permasalahan, dimana pada layanan tertentu bisa mengkonsumsi bandwidth dalam jumlah besar yang menyebabkan layanan lain tidak bisa mendapatkan bandwidth sesuai yang dibutuhkan. Untuk itu, penggunaan bandwidth pada suatu layanan aplikasi dalam jaringan perlu dilakukan monitoring dengan pembagian bandwidth setiap layanan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan, sehingga setiap layanandapat digunakan secara optimal dalam suatu jaringan sesuai alokasi bandwidth yang telah diatur atauditetapkan. Teknik yang digunakan adalah Traffic Shaping yang dapat mengontrol jumlah volume trafik data yang dikirim ke dalam jaringan atau rate maksimum yang akan dikirim dengan melewati mikrotik. Dengan penerapan traffic shaping dapat menghasilkan kinerja jaringan yang lebih stabil pada setiap aplikasi sesuai yang dibutuhkan.