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Горобченко, Неля Георгіївна, Неля Георгиевна Горобченко, Nelia Heorhiivna Horobchenko i O. Byeda. "Birth defects". Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2007. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/17636.
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Nowadays the cases of birth defects have increased. It is connected with the environment contamination and genetic factors.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/17636
2
PERSON, KATHERINE. "Foster Parent Attitudes Toward Birth Parents and Birth Parent Visitation". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/801.
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Foster parents are a vital component to the child welfare system and play an important role, one of which is supervising parental visitation (Muniz, 2018; Neil et al., 2003). With visitation as the primary intervention for family reunification (Haight et al., 2003), foster parents and birth parents are more than likely to interact with one another at some point in time. The purpose of this research study was to examine if foster parent attitudes toward birth parents influence foster parent attitudes toward birth parent visitation.
Data was collected from 40 participants, 36 females and 4 males, from a foster family agency based in California and Texas. The study used a survey design and questions were distributed in a group setting, a mailed hard-copy, and a web survey link. The study’s findings revealed that that when foster parents had a more positive attitude toward birth parents, they had a more positive attitude toward birth parent visitation.
The study concludes with recommendations for public child welfare agencies and foster family agencies to develop trainings for foster parents and for social workers to increase efforts in assisting foster parents and birth parents build cooperative relationships.
3
Pavliuk, D., Оксана Робертівна Гладченко, Оксана Робертовна Гладченко i Oksana Робертівна Hladchenko. "Birth tourism phenomenon". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/78016.
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Reading the "Esquire", I came across the news: "U.S. Government and Donald Trump personally intend to change visa rules for pregnant women from other countries". It’s connected with a phenomenon, which received the name "birth tourism". The essence is very simple: pregnant women from foreign countries travel to the USA intentionally to have a baby there and then to register a foreign citizenship for their newborn child. So, why do people leave their country to give birth in other countriesand why is it improper?
4
Turel, Friyan. "Maternal Birth Trauma". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18401.
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Objectives: 3D/4D translabial ultrasound (4D TLUS) is used to image the levator ani muscle and the anal sphincter to diagnose maternal birth trauma. We tested the validity of these methods. Secondly, we studied the pelvic floor of Nepali women. Finally, we undertook a medium to long-term outcomes in women after OASI. Methods: The first study was a retrospective analysis of 172 nulliparae. All had an interview, clinical examination and 4D TLUS. For the Nepal study, 129 consecutive women attending a gynaecology clinic were offered the same. The long-term follow-up of 146 women after OASI included the above plus anal manometry. Results: Datasets of 162 and 153 nulliparae were available for levator and anal sphincter assessment. One woman was diagnosed with an avulsion, another with a significant external anal sphincter defect. In Nepal, 21% had significant cystocele, 38% uterine and 8% posterior compartment prolapse. 60% had uterine retroversion which was associated with uterine prolapse. There were 2 avulsions and 2 significant EAS defects. The OASI study showed a >50% prevalence of anal incontinence (AI) of high bother over 6 years after the index birth. Women after 3c/4th degree tear had more AI (58 vs 44%), lower MRP P<0.001, MSP P<0.001 and more residual EAS (P<0.001) and IAS (P=0.012) defects compared to 3a/3b tear. Residual IAS defects (P=0.001) and avulsion (P=0.048) were independent risk factors for AI. Conclusions: 1.) Published criteria for the diagnosis of maternal birth trauma on TLUS are unlikely to result in false-positive findings. 2.) POP is common in Nepali women, especially uterine prolapse. Retroversion is common and associated with uterine prolapse. Patterns of POP in Nepal seem to be different from Western populations. Maternal birth trauma is not prevalent. 3.) In a long-term follow-up after OASI, symptoms of AI were present in 51%. Higher tear grade were associated with more AI, more residual defects and lower manometric pressures.
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Waage, Fred. "The Birth Spoon". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. http://amzn.com/1939289572.
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This mystery is set in the early 1980s and based on actual events. A high-school student unearths dark and deadly secrets of his Appalachian community. The explosive consequences forever mark his own life, his family's, and his town's.https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1009/thumbnail.jpg
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Williams, Jacqueline. "Metabolizing birth| The impact of labor and birth on the maternal mind". Thesis, Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10140839.
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This study explores the psychological dynamics associated with labor and birth in order to better understand the role these experiences play in women’s psychological development. This research study utilized interpretative phenomenological analysis as a research methodology and sought to address the following questions through the theoretical perspective of psychoanalysis and social constructionism: How does the experience of pregnancy and birth impact the subjectivity of women? How do women make sense of these experiences? What role does the body play in women’s psychological development? Does the experience of childbirth mark a unique developmental phase in the psychological life of women? In this research study, six women were asked to describe their birth narrative in full and respond to a series of open-ended questions. The results of this study indicate that pregnancy and childbirth is a porous developmental period associated with fears about capacity and feelings of omnipotence as well as multiple losses and a new sense of self. One of the more significant findings of this study is that the experience of labor and birth is felt by many women to involve feelings associated with encountering death. This finding may lead to increased understanding of why pregnancy and childbirth results in fragmentation for some women, while it appears to be a catalyst for increased subjectivity and maternal embodiment for other women.
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Kawasaki, Hidenori. "Epidemiology of Birth Defects in Very Low Birth Weight Infants in Japan". Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/259711.
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Münzner, Ulrike Tatjana Elisabeth. "From birth to birth A cell cycle control network of S. cerevisiae". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/18566.
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Der Zellzyklus organisiert die Zellteilung, und kontrolliert die Replikation der DNA
sowie die Weitergabe des Genoms an die nächste Zellgeneration. Er unterliegt einer
strengen Kontrolle auf molekularer Ebene. Diese molekularen Kontrollmechanismen
sind für das Überleben eines Organismus essentiell, da Fehler Krankheiten begüngstigen können. Vor allem Krebs ist assoziiert mit Abweichungen im Ablauf des Zellzyklus.
Die Aufklärung solcher Kontrollmechanismen auf molekularer Ebene ermöglicht einerseits das Verständnis deren grundlegender Funktionsweise, andererseits können solche
Erkenntnisse dazu beitragen, Methoden zu entwickeln um den Zellzyklus steuern zu
können. Um die molekularen Abläufe des Zellzyklus in ihrer Gesamtheit besser zu
verstehen, eignen sich computergestützte Analysen.
Beim Zellzyklus handelt es sich um einen Signaltransduktionsweg. Die Eigenschaften
dieser Prozesse stellen Rekonstruktion und Übersetzung in digital lesbare Formate
vor besondere Herausforderungen in Bezug auf Skalierbarkeit, Simulierbarkeit und
Parameterschätzung.
Diese Studie präsentiert eine großskalige Netzwerkrekonstruktion des Zellzyklus
des Modellorganismus Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Hierfür wurde die reaction-contingency
Sprache benutzt, die sowohl eine mechanistisch detaillierte Rekonstruktion auf molekularer Ebene zulässt, als auch deren Übersetzung in ein bipartites Boolesches Modell.
Für das Boolesche Modell mit 2506 Knoten konnte ein zyklischer Attraktor bestimmt
werden, der das Verhalten einer sich teilenden Hefezelle darstellt. Das Boolesche
Modell reproduziert zudem das erwartete phänotypische Verhalten bei Aktivierung
von vier Zellzyklusinhibitoren, und in 32 von 37 getesteten Mutanten.
Die Rekonstruktion des Zellzyklus der Hefe kann in Folgestudien genutzt werden,
um Signaltransduktionswege zu integrieren, die mit dem Zellzyklus interferieren, deren
Schnittstellen aufzuzeigen, und dem Ziel, die molekularen Mechanismen einer ganzen
Zelle abzubilden, näher zu kommen. Diese Studie zeigt zudem, dass eine auf reaction-
contingency Sprache basierte Rekonstruktion geeignet ist, um ein biologisches Netzwerk
konsistent mit empirischer Daten darzustellen, und gleichzeitig durch Simulation die
Funktionalität des Netzwerkes zu überprüfen.The survival of a species depends on the correct transmission of an intact genome from one generation to the next. The cell cycle regulates this process and its correct execution is vital for survival of a species. The cell cycle underlies a strict control mechanism ensuring accurate cell cycle progression, as aberrations in cell cycle progression are often linked to serious defects and diseases such as cancer. Understanding this regulatory machinery of the cell cycle offers insights into how life functions on a molecular level and also provides for a better understanding of diseases and possible approaches to control them. Cell cycle control is furthermore a complex mechanism and studying it holistically provides for understanding its collective properties. Computational approaches facilitate holistic cell cycle control studies. However, the properties of the cell cycle control network challenge large-scale in silico studies with respect to scalability, model execution and parameter estimation. This thesis presents a mechanistically detailed and executable large-scale reconstruction of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle control network based on reaction- contingency language. The reconstruction accounts for 229 proteins and consists of three individual cycles corresponding to the macroscopic events of DNA replication, spindle pole body duplication, and bud emergence and growth. The reconstruction translated into a bipartite Boolean model has, using an initial state determined with a priori knowledge, a cyclic attractor which reproduces the cyclic behavior of a wildtype yeast cell. The bipartite Boolean model has 2506 nodes and correctly responds to four cell cycle arrest chemicals. Furthermore, the bipartite Boolean model was used in a mutational study where 37 mutants were tested and 32 mutants found to reproduce known phenotypes. The reconstruction of the cell cycle control network of S. cerevisiae demonstrates the power of the reaction-contingency based approach, and paves the way for network extension with regard to the cell cycle machinery itself, and several signal transduction pathways interfering with the cell cycle.
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Curran, Ashley Rae. "Birth of a mother". Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4880.
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Birth of a Mother is a memoir that tells the story of how my unplanned pregnancy helps me to transform from a damaged adolescent into an empowered mother. Using a first person, present tense narrative, I relive the nine months leading up to the unmedicated home birth of my first child, exploring the conflicts I faced over my obesity, over having no job and no place to call home, and over developing a relationship with a man who was not the baby's father. Weaving in past tense vignettes, I attempt to show how I prepared myself for impending motherhood by reflecting on my mother's short, violent life and the abuse I suffered at her hands; the effect of losing my mother at the age of twelve and my quest to find someone to fill her role throughout my adolescence; my experiences with faith, from Christianity, to Buddhism, to Atheism, to Paganism; and by struggling to heal the emotional scars left over from suffering childhood abuse, and multiple rapes as a teenager. As I uncover parallels between my mother's life and my own, I come to a new understanding of the mental illness that seems prevalent in my family, of the causes and triggers of my personal flaws, and of methods that I can use to become for my child the mother I always wanted for myself.ID: 030423067; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (M.F.A.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 158-161).
M.F.A.
Masters
English
Arts and Humanities
Creative Writing
10
Yudkin, Patricia L. N. "Consequences of birth asphyxia". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d1bc3e23-8a51-4c7b-a0cd-e76f7b5aaa89.
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To investigate the relationship between birth asphyxia and neurological impairment a cohort of 184 infants with a low (≤3) one-minute Apgar score was studied. All were singletons, apparently normally formed, and born at term (≥37 weeks' gestation) in the John Radcliffe Hospital, between January 1984 and September 1985. The 181 cohort survivors were traced at the age of five years; 159 were assessed by a paediatrician on a battery of neurodevelopmental tests, and information about a further eight was obtained from other sources. Three infants in the cohort died neonatally with a diagnosis of birth asphyxia, and three had spastic quadriplegia, profound developmental delay and visual impairment. Examination of the perinatal histories of these six children, including their fetal heart rate patterns in labour and acid-base status at delivery, found convincing evidence of birth asphyxia. Only one other child in the cohort exhibited similar signs of birth asphyxia; he was unimpaired at the age of five. To assess the impact of birth asphyxia on the overall rate of cerebral palsy, all cases of cerebral palsy born to Oxford residents in the study period were identified. Of 30 cases of cerebral palsy, the three identified in the follow-up study were the only ones whose impairment could be attributed to birth asphyxia in a full-term birth. Birth asphyxia therefore accounted for 10% of all cases of cerebral palsy, a fraction that agrees with previous estimates. The frequency of cerebral palsy due to birth asphyxia was estimated as 1 in 3800 full-term livebirths. A detailed analysis of the test scores of the 159 children assessed by the paediatrician failed to show any association between their acid-base values at delivery and test scores, or between their fetal heart rate patterns in labour and test scores. These results conform with the view that birth asphyxia has an "all or nothing" effect, and that it presents as a cluster of abnormal neonatal signs, including persistent cerebral depression, severe acidaemia, neonatal encephalopathy, and multiorgan dysfunction.
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Pattinson, Shaun D. "Influencing traits before birth". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366321.
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Chooi, Weng Tink. "Birth Order and Motivation". Cleveland, Ohio : Case Western Reserve University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1244143069.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Case Western Reserve University, 2009Title from PDF (viewed on 19 August 2009) Department of Psychology Includes abstract Includes bibliographical references Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center
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Annau, Catherine. "Canada's first birth control clinic : the Birth Control Society of Hamilton, 1931-1940". Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61288.
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This thesis examines the formative years (1931-1940) of Canada's first birth control clinic, the Birth Control Society of Hamilton (BCSH). The focus of this work is to place the activities of the BCSH in an international and national context. Canada's first birth control clinic drew directly on the writings and experience of two well known birth control pioneers, the American Margaret Sanger and the English woman Marie Stopes. This reliance on foreign models demonstrates the enormous influence that the British and Americans had on the formation of Canadian social and medical institutions. This thesis also challenges the traditional perception of the BCSH as a low key and non-ideological endeavour. New historical evidence indicates that the BCSH shared in the eugenic ideology of other contemporary Canadian birth control organizations and was an active participant in the debates surrounding contraception and eugenics.
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Chapman, E. M. "The social construction of birth and the effects of culturally induced birth factors". Thesis, Open University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374293.
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Sharapova, Saida R. "The Role of Stress in Racial Disparities of Preterm and Low Birth Weight Births in Georgia". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/247.
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SAIDA SHARAPOVA
The role of stress in racial disparities of preterm and low birth weight births in Georgia
(Under the direction of Richard Rothenberg, MD, MPH)
Preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW) are the leading causes of infant deaths in Georgia. Georgia PRAMS data (2004-2008) were analyzed for non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic Black women with singleton births, using SAS 9.2 survey procedures. Thirteen stressful life events experienced in a year before delivery, socio-demographic, medical and behavioral risks were used as predictors of PTB and LBW. Significant racial disparity in birth outcomes and risks was found. In Whites stressful events were associated with adverse birth outcomes in bivariate logistic regression, but weakened when controlling for other factors (income, education, maternal age, maternal health, alcohol and tobacco use, infant’s gender and birth defects). In Blacks, association between stressful events and adverse birth outcomes adjusted for other risks was stronger. Socio-economic factors and mother’s health status were more significant in predicting birth outcome. Women’s health and SES improvement might increase favorable pregnancy outcomes and reduce racial disparities.
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Ahluwalia, Sanjam. "CONTROLLING BIRTHS, POLICING SEXUALITIES: A HISTORY OF BIRTH CONTROL IN COLONIAL INDIA, 1877-1946". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin980270900.
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Ulysse, Rachele D. "Identifying Data Needs to Support the Public Health Program of First Care". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/192.
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Abstract
Identifying Data Needs to Support the Public Health Program of First Care
Background:
First Care (FC) is a Georgia (GA) public health (PH) program funded by Title V Block Grant, whose main purpose is to provide collaborative skilled PH services for infants with LBW and VLBW (low and very low birth weight) as well as those considered at high risk for illness and disabilities.
Purpose:
1. Describe current health outcomes of GA infants less than one years of age.
* Current baselines of IMR (infant mortality rate), preterm, very low birth weight (VLBW) and low birth weight (LBW) births
2. Use data to inform FC program in order to improve overall health outcomes in LBW, VLBW and preterm infants less than 1 years of age in GA as well as IMR.
* Identifying common diagnoses and reasons for the hospitalization of infants less than one.
Methods:
Several online secondary data sources containing GA birth outcomes were evaluated. These sources were used to produce most current or 2008, GA and national profiles on health outcomes such as IMR, preterm, LBW and VLBW births. SAS was used to evaluate OHIP (Office of Health Information and Policy) hospital discharges in 2008 to determine common diagnosis affecting GA children under 1 years of age.
Results:
National comparisons of health outcomes revealed that GA consistently ranks below the national average for IMR, preterm, VLBW, and LBW births. GA’s poor health outcomes are also seen when compared to Healthy People 2010 objectives. A comparison of GA public health districts (PHD) health outcomes demonstrates lagging indicators mainly in the southern and midsection (central section) of GA. This study also revealed racial disparities indicating Blacks falling behind in all health outcomes when compared to Whites and Hispanics. Statistical analysis of hospital discharges showed that the top 25 discharges reflect common conditions that affect high-risk infants such as preterm, VLBW and LBW infants. Higher rates of morbidity were found in the southern and central PHDs of GA.
Conclusion:
The purpose for FC is to provide current data baselines on health outcomes of GA infants less than one year of age, as well as information regarding current hospitalizations. Current results are only preliminary findings underscoring the need for continued research. By emphasizing their need for monitoring will allow FC to focus on this critical role that will only grow with an expanding population in GA.
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Sinha, Nistha. "Husbands and wives and fertility decision-making : modeling demand for children and contraceptive use in Bangladesh and Pakistan /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7415.
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Connors, Julia Yopp Jan Johnson. "Tiny babies the immense costs and quandaries of preterm birth and low birth weight /". Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1762.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.Title from electronic title page (viewed Sep. 16, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the School of Journalism and Mass Communication." Discipline: Journalism and Mass Communication; Department/School: Journalism and Mass Communication, School of.
20
Vũ, Mạnh Lợi. "Fertility behavior in the Vietnam Red River Delta : birth timing and birth interval dynamics /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8902.
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Lee, Chanju. "Birth and Women in Mythology". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/art_design_theses/35.
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The Birth is a multi-media video installation inspired by my personal experiences of a miscarriage and the births of my two children. The work is influenced by the mythologies found in Korean culture that focus on the mother figure as a ¡°Great Mother¡±. She is an ¡°ideal woman¡±, a ¡°good mother¡± and a ¡°sincere wife¡±. Working abstractly across the media of painting, video, digital animation, and the paintings of my son, The Birth exploits metaphors and symbols, to tell the story of women, especially the stories of mothers. The work speaks to motherly love and my own identity as an artist and a mother.
22
Briscoe, Josephine Mary. "Cognitive development after preterm birth". Thesis, University of Bristol, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266900.
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Roy, Brandon C. (Brandon Cain). "The birth of a word". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79303.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 185-192).
A hallmark of a child's first two years of life is their entry into language, from first productive word use around 12 months of age to the emergence of combinatorial speech in their second year. What is the nature of early language development and how is it shaped by everyday experience? This work builds from the ground up to study early word learning, characterizing vocabulary growth and its relation to the child's environment. Our study is guided by the idea that the natural activities and social structures of daily life provide helpful learning constraints. We study this through analysis of the largest-ever corpus of one child's everyday experience at home. Through the Human Speechome Project, the home of a family with a young child was outfitted with a custom audio-video recording system, capturing more than 200,000 hours of audio and video of daily life from birth to age three. The annotated subset of this data spans the child's 9-24 month age range and contains more than 8 million words of transcribed speech, constituting a detailed record of both the child's input and linguistic development. Such a comprehensive, naturalistic dataset presents new research opportunities but also requires new analysis approaches - questions must be operationalized to leverage the full scale of the data. We begin with the task of speech transcription, then identify "word births" - the child's first use of each word in his vocabulary. Vocabulary growth accelerates and then shows a surprising deceleration that coincides with an increase in combinatorial speech. The vocabulary growth timeline provides a means to assess the environmental contributions to word learning, beginning with aspects of caregiver input speech. But language is tied to everyday activity, and we investigate how spatial and activity contexts relate to word learning. Activity contexts, such as "mealtime", are identified manually and with probabilistic methods that can scale to large datasets. These new nonlinguistic variables are predictive of when words are learned and are complementary to more traditionally studied linguistic measures. Characterizing word learning and assessing natural input variables can lead to new insights on fundamental learning mechanisms.
by Brandon Cain Roy.
Ph.D.
24
Hwang, Bing-Fang. "Water chlorination and birth defects". Available to US Hopkins community, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/dlnow/3068171.
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Bonney, Elizabeth Anne. "The prediction of preterm birth". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11983/.
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Preterm birth is a persistent and expensive global health problem accounting for almost 8% of all live births in the UK. There are some effective interventions available however, due to the heterogeneous nature of the condition; it is still difficult to tailor the correct management for each woman. A major obstacle to the development of effective treatment strategies is a limited understanding of the molecular events preceding preterm labour. Using SCOPE, a prospectively acquired global cohort, this MD investigated the three areas of clinical risk factors, biomarker discovery using proteomic technology and directed candidate cytokine analysis. Clinical risk factor algorithms have been developed with the most clinically relevant group, those delivering less than 34 weeks, exhibiting the best predictive performance. The algorithm has an area under the ROC curve of 0.74, negative predictive value of 99%, with a positive predictive value of 33%. This is likely to be indicative of the best performance achievable using clinical data to predict preterm birth in a healthy nulliparous population. A proteomic discovery study was performed comparing term and preterm birth. The proteins that were discovered appeared to be mainly plasma proteins related to systemic inflammation and therefore were not specific enough as predictors of spontaneous preterm birth. As there is strong evidence to support a role for cytokines in the initiation of inflammation/infection-induced preterm labour, a panel of 27 were assessed as predictive markers for preterm birth. Of these, five cytokines (IL-4, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-17α and MIP-1α) appeared to be the most sensitive with a predictive accuracy of 71.25%. The data from this thesis have provided further understanding into preterm birth and provides a pathway for future investigation into the prediction and prevention of spontaneous preterm birth.
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Alleman, Brandon Wesley. "Preterm birth: prediction, prevention, care". Diss., University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4563.
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Preterm birth (PTB) is defined as birth before 37 weeks gestational age. PTB is a common outcome and one that may be increasing in prevalence with serious individual and public health implications both immediately and long term. While PTB is a pregnancy specific outcome it is more appropriately viewed as the culmination of risk factors present both before pregnancy and possibly in past generations. This thesis attempts to review the implications, risk factors and current prevention strategies directed at PTB while placing it in an intergenerational and life cycle context. Three novel investigations are presented and their consequences are discussed. These investigations cover the lifespan and relate to identifying PTB and treating its immediate health outcomes. The first examines mitochondrial genetics and it's relation to PTB. There is a strong a priori hypothesis that mitochondrial genetics, being maternally inherited, may contribute to an individual's risk for PTB. However, in two genome wide association studies, no evidence is found for any mitochondrial polymorphisms being related to PTB. The second investigation reports an attempt to identify women at risk for PTB within a given pregnancy. Using routinely collected maternal information and serum screening data a potentially useful screening method is derived. While the algorithm does not have ideal performance characteristics it compares favorably to other population wide screening techniques and could be improved through future validation and data collection. The third and final investigation attempts to address quality of care for infants born preterm. In a network of neonatal intensive care units, wide variations in mortality outcomes are observed. Intensity of medical intervention appears to be an important predictor of mortality for the lowest gestational age infants. However, this intensity of intervention does not fully explain the observed differences in mortality outcomes. Finally, these study are discussed in context with one another and a new framework for considering PTB is presented that may help to guide future investigation into predicting, preventing and caring for those at risk for or experiencing a PTB.
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Walker, Caroline Elizabeth Louise. "Making birth control respectable : the Society for Constructive Birth Control and Racial Progress, and the American Birth Control League, in comparative perspective, 1921-1938". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/1c1aa488-5c17-4dab-98d8-b251629f48f0.
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In both Britain and the United States, the interwar years witnessed the formation of a new organized movement for birth control; in both contexts, sharing a commitment to extend the provision of clinical contraception to the working-class and indigent population. This comparative thesis examines the organizational ideology and activity of the associations founded by the birth control pioneers, Marie Stopes, and Margaret Sanger. In considering the ideological constructions of contemporaneous motherhood advanced by the two groups, I seek to reposition the Anglo-American birth control movements within the wider field of social reform. Examining the influences of maternalist politics, the eugenics crusade, the developing field of social work, and the medical hierarchy in shaping the visions of maternity employed in birth control discourse, the study considers both the contrasting and convergent interpretations utilized by the organizations in their campaigns for contraception. This thesis also explores the practical work of the organizations during the interwar decades, analysing the policies and internal politics of the two groups, coalitions with other reform groups, their respective roles within the wider national and international birth control movements, and the effects engendered by the move from lay activism to professionalism. The clinical networks established by both associations are also examined, considering the divergences and similarities in the models of clinic provision, the roles of medical providers, and results of birth control in practice. I contend that, in both their ideological interpretations, alliances, and practical endeavours, the two associations shared a common vision of transitioning clinical contraception from the radical associations of the past, towards a new respectability as a legitimate medical technique and form of social welfare provision.
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Pearson, Tarah R. "Anxiety and birth order : does birth order play a role in a child's anxiety level? /". Full text available online, 2009. http://www.lib.rowan.edu/find/theses.
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Rose, Connie E. "Husbands' presence during cesarean birth and parents' perceptions of the birth and of the neonate". Virtual Press, 1985. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/421835.
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The purpose of this study was to describe relationships between husband attendance during cesarean birth and parental perceptions of the cesarean birth and of the neonate. The independent variable was husband attendance during cesarean birth. Dependent variables were parental perceptions as measured by the Parental Perceptions of Cesarean Birth and Neonate Questionnaire. Thirty-five married couples who delivered healthy neonates by cesarean section with regional anesthesia constituted the study and control groups. The 60 parents in the study group were together during cesarean delivery; the 10 parents in the control group were not. Seventy subjects responded to 19 items on a Lilert-type questionnaire and 53 wrote comments about their birth experiences. ANOVA and repeated measures were used to examine data. Both research hypotheses, which were tested at the .05 level off significance, were supported: there was a significant relationship between husband attendance and positive perceptions of both the birth and of the neonate. Presence of the father in surgery had significant effects on perceptions of cesarean birth (p <.01), perceptions of the neonate (p<.01), and perceptions of the time that the neonate was first seen and held by parents (p <.01). Level of education of mother was significantly related to perceptions of the neonate (p <.05). Level of education of father had a significant effect on reported fear for self during cesarean delivery (p <.05). Adequate preparation was significantly related to positive perceptions of cesarean birth (p <.01). The majority of parents of both groups found their birth experiences satisfying, but some would have liked more time together, more contact with infant, more preparation and more comfort for mother. Study results supported the practice of family-centered cesarean birth.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306
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Sasson, Vanessa Rebecca. "Telling birth stories : a comparative analysis of the birth stories of Moses and the Buddha". Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84545.
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While studying narratives in the context of its own religious tradition may uncover that religious tradition's doctrines and priorities, this study assumes that a comparative model contributes to a clearer understanding of the uniqueness of each religion's ideas. By comparing religions rather than studying them in isolation, we may understand each with greater clarity.The narratives compared and contrasted in this study are the birth narratives of Moses and the Buddha. These two figures may be identified as the respective heroes of the Jewish and Buddhist religions. This comparative study highlights and examines the similarities and differences presented in their birth narratives and seeks to determine the significance these narratives have from within the context of their respective doctrinal traditions. Although studying one tradition alone produces important results, it is only by comparing and contrasting religious traditions, and in this case the birth narratives of different religious traditions, that the uniqueness and qualities of each come into full view.
This study begins with an examination of Moses' birth narrative, first as it has been understood by modern scholarship, and then as it has been presented in the classical literature of early Judaism. In the second part, the Buddha's birth narrative is explored, first from the perspective of modern, Western scholarship, and then as it appears in the Pali and Sanskrit literature of early Buddhism. The third part of this study is committed to a comparative analysis of the two birth narratives.
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Joyce, Sarah. "Towards a new architectural understanding of birth spaces grounded in women's experiences of giving birth". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21643/.
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This thesis proposes a new philosophy of birth space design that values the diverse spatial practices and space-based experiences of childbearing women, across all types of birth venues and experiences of birth. The research aligns with the philosophy of woman-centred maternity care. It critically examines this as an intervention imposed on to a pre-existing medical system of care - a system which, in turn, influences the techno-rational basis of healthcare evidence-based architecture and the tendency for researchers to investigate the birth environment in quantifiable ways. The thesis proposes that birth space should be interrogated in a number of new qualitative ways: by user experience-based spatial design starting with the interiors of buildings; by examining women’s patterns of use of space over time, especially in relation to social interactions; and by interpreting space-based experiences within women’s birth stories. The literature review draws from a wide-range of literature: architectural, spatial, birth-environment, social theory, midwifery, obstetrics and policy documents. It critiques the naive readings of homely, control, safety and risk, and architecture understood as a techno-rational domain, in the extant research relating to birth spaces. This thesis has an interpretative methodology that crosses disciplinary boundaries, and the definitions of architectural space and childbirth, that have previously limited knowledge of birth spaces. The nature of what is appropriate evidence for design, the spatial understanding afforded by using visual qualitative methods, semiotic meaning within policy documents, the nature of personal experiences of childbirth, and the application of a critical spatial methodology to birth spaces, all inform the selection of methods. Representations of architecture are used to interpret the social and spatial meaning that architecture represents to birth space producers and users. Spatial practices for producing birth spaces are interpreted from the three policy design guidance documents commonly used in the context of maternity care in the UK; and the spatial practices of childbearing women are interpreted from the experiences of twenty-four women who took part in qualitative interviews. The transcripts, policy guidance documents and drawings were thematically-analysed and the visual data was also examined as semiotic materials. The findings demonstrate that birth spaces are prosumed and curated by women. Birth space is experienced as a socially-situated progression through time - and not contained within one room as current guidance implies. Women’s spatial experiences are embodied and influenced by prior experience and expectations of birth venues. Space is experienced in multiple ways (visually, via perceived affordances, and via movement) that are contingent on the venue. Experiences of waiting and of labour as a ‘physical journey’ are both spatially significant. Women want to use spatial strategies to self-manage the ebb and flow of companionship in labour. Women build personally-meaningful intergenerational stories from where birth took place. The discussion chapter develops spatial insights into the design guidance and maternity policy goals (choice, control, continuity of carer and personalised care) from the interpretation of women’s experiences. The thesis creates a new critical understanding of the value of social architecture for improving midwifery practice and women’s birth experiences. Practical recommendations to be applied to existing maternity spaces are proposed. Existing spatial and social theory is applied to the new area of birth space, and its lacunae identified. The thesis concludes with a new situated spatial theory derived from women’s experiences of childbirth as inspiration for much needed further interdisciplinary research and design development in this area.
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Furgerson, Jessica L. "The Battle for Birth Control: Exploring the Rhetoric of the Birth Control Movement 1914-2014". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1420730080.
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Wong, Wai-fong. "Birth control policies in China and India since the 1950s : the political arena /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18737079.
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Casey, Katie. ""The best birth is one I'm not involved in" : how do obstetricians construct a positive birth?" Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/44739/.
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Portfolio Abstract Introduction The psychological experience of giving birth has been found to have a long-lasting impact upon the wellbeing of the woman and the mother-infant interaction (Ayers, Eagle, & Waring, 2006). Research has been carried out to investigate what influences the psychological experience of giving birth and contributes to these longlasting consequences. The interaction between the woman and the health professional has been shown to influence the psychological experience of birth (Ford & Ayers, 2011; Söderquist, Wijma, & Wijma, 2006). Despite these findings, obstetricians are a relatively neglected health profession within the birth research literature. Furthermore, obstetricians’ involvement or ability to contribute towards positive birth experiences has not been fully researched. Women have either emphasised the importance of the support they received from obstetricians or criticised the lack of support they received (Howarth, Swain, & Treharne, 2012; Simkin, 1991; Simkin, 1992; Waldenström, Hildingsson, Rubertsson, & Rådestad, 2004). The role of any caregiver during labour and birth is suggested to be important for influencing the psychological experience of birth (Anderson, Melvaer, Videbech, Lamont, & Joerhensen, 2012). However, obstetricians attend medically complex births where there may be mother of baby medical complications. Such births have attracted debate in the research literature. Complex medical births are argued to constitute a risk factor for negatively influencing the psychological birth experience and impacting upon the long-term wellbeing of the mother and infant-mother interaction (Anderson et al., 2012). However, other research has suggested that complex births are not always a risk factor for experiencing birth negatively and that the psychological (Nilsson, Thorsell, Hertfelt-Wahn & Ekström, 2013; Simkin, 1991, Simkin, 1992). Objectives The objective of this research project was to investigate the way obstetricians talk about giving birth, or ‘obstetric discourse’ and how obstetricians ‘constructed’ a positive birth experience. This research project aims to initiate the thorough investigation of spoken obstetric discourse, so that future research may build upon these findings. Previous literature has investigated the discourse about birth via interviews without obstetricians being the primary sample (Douché & Carryer, 2011) and has considered the discourse produced by obstetricians more broadly from published documents (Kitzinger, 2007; Licqurish & Evans, 2015) . However, there has been a lack of investigation about the spoken discourse of obstetricians. By adding focus to spoken obstetric discourse this study may potentially add variance to the data. Discourse is argued to be influenced by the context in which it takes place. Therefore research moving forward in this area may benefit from including varied contexts. Discourse analysis strives to highlight variance rather than a similarity (Potter & Wetherell, 1987). Striving to highlight similarities is argued to be invalid and accused of omitting potentially useful data from the research literature (Potter & Wetherell, 1987). Methodology The underlying theory and the accompanying methodology of discourse analysis was used to meet the objectives of this research project. A social constructionist epistemological stance was taken towards the gathering of knowledge in this research project. A social constructionist epistemology is compatible with discourse analysis due to the shared assumptions about language constructing experiences. From this theoretical framework, language is an important target for analysis because it is argued to shape human experience in terms of constricting or enabling what may be said, done or felt (Willig, 2013). More specifically, language is argued to create reality rather than accurately describe it. This study used a hybrid model of discursive psychology and Foucauldian discourse analysis. This involves analysing local discursive techniques such as disclaimers, contrasting and inferences about internal states, while also analysing wider social influences and the discourses available to the participants. For example, the discourse of medicine may be argued to be an available discourse for those who work in the field of medicine to draw upon to influence their own discourse. Obstetric discourse in the form of spoken language was gathered from semi-structured interviews with eight practising obstetricians. Results The findings of the analysis suggested that the participants constructed a positive psychological birth experience in varied ways and used multiple rhetorical devices when doing so. The results are reported in two broad categories; the participants’ contrast of ‘obstetric births’ with so called ‘ideal births’ and the use of claims about women’s internal states during labour. The participants’ responses to questions about positive birth experiences were to construct ‘obstetric births’ and ‘ideal births’ in contrast with one another. The births that obstetricians attended were constructed using medical discourse, which emphasised medical complications and medical interventions. This category of birth was presented as a challenging birth type within which to facilitate positive psychological experiences. Obstetric births were contrasted with what were termed ‘ideal births’. Ideal births were described as medically ‘normal’ births that did not require an obstetrician’s intervention. These births were associated with midwifery and presented as a category of birth within which interpersonal relationships between the woman giving birth and the midwife may facilitate a positive psychological birth experience. The rhetorical device of contrasting appears to function here to emphasise difference and key features of obstetric births. The participants made claims about the internal states of women in labour. Internal mental states are not analysed to ascertain whether they are accurate or not within a discourse analysis methodology. Claims were made about women’s experience of pain and anxiety. Such claims are viewed as discursive devices that have certain functions within the discourse. Within this study, inferences about internal mental states appeared to have a possible function to present the women in labour as less able to communicate and difficult to have a discussion with. Communication was presented as a factor that may facilitate a positive psychological birth experience. A function of these claims about internal states may be to construct positive births as difficult to facilitate with women during labour due to their internal mental states. Discussion The results of this analysis are considered in light of discourse analysis theory and the writings of Foucault. Discourse analysis has been described as a ‘theory-method’ because it makes certain claims about how language creates reality (Potter, 1997). Further consideration is given to the appropriateness of applying other psychological theories from Menzies Lyth’s (1960) research into social defences. Suggestions for further research and the possible clinical implications of this study are considered.
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Shehan-Bakewell, Colleen 1963. "The relationship of birth weight and maternal education to developmental outcomes of low birth weight infants". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278404.
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The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between specific infant and maternal characteristics with the developmental outcome of low birth weight infants. Birth weight was statistically significant in relation to the Mental Developmental Index (p =.001) and the Psychomotor Developmental Index for chronologic age (p =.023). Birth weight predicted 25% of the variance in infant cognitive development and 24% in infant motor development. There was no statistically significant positive correlation between maternal education and infant cognitive developmental outcome. There was a statistically significant correlation between: number of hospital days (MDI, P =.006; PDI P =.010); number of days on oxygen (MDI, p =.006; PDI p =.037); gestational age (MDI p =.006); and infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (MDI p =.020; PDI, p =.020) in relation to developmental outcome. These findings support the premise that co-morbidity of infants appears to increase the risk of developmental delay.
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Reeder, Rebecca A. "Theoretical and Methodological Advances to Preterm Birth Research: A Focus on the Relationship of Minority-Majority Group Status and Preterm Birth". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1368014479.
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Hodson, Ann. "Pre-birth assessment in social work". Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2011. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/13037/.
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The Children Act 1989 imposes a duty on Local Authorities in England to ‘safeguard and promote the welfare of children’ and to ‘promote the upbringing of children by their families’ wherever possible. If, during pregnancy, concerns are identified that suggest the child may be at risk of harm a referral may be made to the Local Authority for a pre-birth assessment. When completing a pre-birth assessment social workers and other professionals are often involved in the process of collecting and analysing information, which will ultimately be used as a basis for planning and decision-making and can have life long consequences for the family. Removing a baby at birth brings with it an inevitable impact on the process of attachment and bonding, as well as the impact of subjecting a family to court proceedings and all of the emotions that entails. However, allowing a baby to be discharged from hospital to a family who are unable to provide appropriate care and protection or do not have the necessary support in place to assist them may result in irreparable harm to, or even the death of the baby. Sitting within the context of general child and family social work assessment, pre-birth assessment has received a very limited amount of specific research attention. This thesis comprises a report on the outcomes of my own research, which was exploratory in nature, and details the findings from a mixed methods study of relevant legal and procedural frameworks in England, Local Safeguarding Children Board procedures and a case study of pre-birth social work assessment practice in one Local Authority. The findings were that pre-birth assessment is a complex process guided by a national and local procedural framework which does not recognise the unique status of the unborn child. Having evolved from a historical perspective based on protecting live children, the procedural guidance is contradictory as it does not acknowledge that an unborn child has no legal status and a pregnant woman maintains rights over her own body. The case study also revealed that social workers in the host LA were practising in an environment of managerial systems which aimed to improve accountability and yet the very systems designed to ensure children did not fall through the ‘safety net’ of professional support were, ironically, prompting systems which made practice in (and research into) pre-birth social work assessment a challenge. A narrow forensic approach to pre-birth assessment was found to have developed, with the documentary process of completing pre-birth Initial and Core Assessments (as defined by the Department of Health (2003) documentation) becoming split from the process of actually ‘doing’ a social work pre-birth assessment.
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Uthaya, Sabita Nellamakada. "Adipose tissue deposition after preterm birth". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423092.
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Montigny, Denise de. "Giving birth, Margaret Atwood traduction commentee". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5352.
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Omtzigt, Juliette Geertruida Caecilia. "Epilepsy, antiepileptic drugs, and birth defects". [S.l.] : Rotterdam : [The Author] ; Erasmus University [Host], 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/12101.
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Būtienė, Indrė. "Food allergy in Lithuanian birth cohort". Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20131209_091502-26385.
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Environmental factors more often is thought to have influence in determining children’s health and development. Prevalence of allergic diseases over the last decades is increasing, especially in Western Europe. Despite lots of performed surveys it is still unclear why the prevalence of food allergy is mounting. Incidence of food allergy is age dependent and usually manifest as one of the first forms of allergy. It is considered as the first step of „atopic march“. To accurately assess the occurrence of possible risk factors for a disease that can start already in infancy and may resolve by school age, a prospective birth cohort with regular follow-up of participating children and families provides the best possible study design.
EuroPrevall birth cohort study, in which participated Vilnius University, was the first in the world investigation specially created just for evaluation of food allergy. During in this dissertation presented project for the first time real prevalence of food hypersensitivity and allergy in infants and small children in Lithuania have been determined, the most common food allergens were assessed and changes in prevalence of sensitization to them during first 30 months of life were analysed, also the role of possible determinants for the development of food allergies, such as genetic background, maternal diet during pregnancy and breastfeeding, way of birth, infections, medicines, psycho-social and environmental factors, were examined and different... [to full text]Svarbus vaidmuo, nulemiantis vaikų sveikatą ir vystymąsi, vis dažniau priskiriamas vaiką supančiai aplinkai. Sergamumas alerginėmis ligomis sparčiai didėja, o pastaraisiais dešimtmečiais jis itin išaugo, ypač Vakarų Europoje. Nepaisant daugelio atliktų tyrimų, vis dar lieka neaišku, kodėl alerginių ligų paplitimas nuolat didėja. Alergijos maistui paplitimas įvairiose amžiaus grupėse skiriasi ir yra viena iš anksčiausiai pasireiškiančių alergijos formų. Manoma, kad ji gali būti pirmasis „atopinio maršo“ žingsnis. Norint tiksliai įvertinti galimų rizikos veiksnių įtaką ligos atsiradimui, kuri gali prasidėti jau kūdikystėje ir išnykti iki mokyklinio amžiaus, tinkamiausias tyrimo metodas yra prospektyvinis naujagimių kohortos tyrimas su reguliaria į tyrimą įtrauktų vaikų ir jų šeimų stebėsena. EuroPrevall naujagimių kohorta - tai pirmasis pasaulyje tyrimas, kuriame dalyvavo ir Vilniaus Universitetas, specialiai suformuotas tik alergijos maistui ištyrimui. Šio disertacijoje pateikiamo tyrimo metu Lietuvoje pirmąkart ištirtas padidėjusio jautrumo maistui ir alergijos maistui paplitimas tarp mažų vaikų ir nustatyti dažniausiai alergiją sukeliantys maisto produktai ir sensibilizacijos maisto alergenams kaita pirmaisiais 30 gyvenimo mėnesiais, taip pat išanalizuoti tėvų ir kūdikių rizikos veiksniai, tokie kaip genetinis pagrindas, mamos mityba nėštumo metu ir žindant, gimdymo būdas, infekcijos, vartoti medikamentai, psicho-socialiniai ir aplinkos faktoriai, įtakojantys alergijos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Graham, Sally. "Traditional birth attendants in Karamoja, Uganda". Thesis, London South Bank University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298024.
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Lee, Anne Maureen. "Size at birth and neonatal fibrinogen". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327261.
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Ralston, Kevin. "Childbearing and first birth in Scotland". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/9815.
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This thesis examines childbearing and first birth in Scotland. A description of empirical patterns and trends in childbearing and first birth in Scotland is given. Unique and appropriate analyses of data sources are presented. This includes analysis of the Scottish Longitudinal Study (SLS) and Scottish Social Attitudes Survey: Fertility Module (SSAS). The thesis clearly demonstrates the relationship between social stratification and childbearing within Scotland. This is apparent longitudinally, examining timings of first birth using the SLS, and in cross-sectional data using the SSAS, and comparing childbearing ideals and intentions with achieved numbers of children. The evidence suggests inequalities at play on parenthood. Those relatively less advantaged on measures of social stratification, for instance using data on occupations or educational attainment can be observed as starting families earlier than those more educationally or occupationally advantaged. Whether, and how, standard measures of geography relate to fertility outcomes is examined across several chapters and findings suggest that they offer some explanation relating to individual processes of first birth. A latent class approach is outlined which shows that economic theories of fertility can be reconciled with attitudinal indicators of opportunity cost and financial constraint. A distinctive theoretical position is also taken which culminates in the exposition of the position that childbearing can be usefully conceptualised in terms of a threshold effect.
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Alhamed, S. A. S. "Oral microbiome from birth to adolescence". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1414998/.
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The oral cavity is one of the most complex microbial habitats across the human body. A balance of endogenous and exogenous factors controls this environment; any disturbance of that balance will lead to diseases, such as caries and periodontal diseases. Therefore a comprehensive assessment study of the oral microbiome acquisition and development from birth to adolescent age will provide valuable baseline data and better understanding of the microbial ecology. Analysing the depth of oral microbiome ecology and the impact of chronological factors such as teeth eruption and puberty by means of Next Generation Sequencing was the main aim of this study. Supragingival plaque samples were collected from 80 subjects (aged 1 month to 17 years), divided chronologically in to four groups: edentulous infants, deciduous dentition, prepuberty and post puberty. Microbial composition of plaque was assessed by barcoded pyrosequencing of the V5-V6 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA. Pyrosequencing reads represented 8 phyla and 102 higher taxa (genus or more inclusive taxa when sequences could not be confidently classified to the genus level) of these 31 unclassified yet. Four phyla (Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Prtoteobacteria and Bacteroidetes) predominated all age groups. In the infant cohort, formula feeding was found to be an important factor in altering the oral microbiome, since exclusively formula-fed infants showed higher prevalence of Prevotella melaninogenica, Neisseria polysaccharea, and Granulicatella adiacens. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to phyla level. Moreover, no conclusion could be drawn regarding the correlation with dmft/DMFT in the pre-puberty and post-puberty groups due to the discrepancy in the sample size. However, at genera level Abiotrophia (mainly A. Defectiva) and Capnocytophaga (mainly C. gingivalis) were detected more frequently in the healthy group. Other major sequences involve (Streptococcus, Neisseria, Lautropia, Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia, Porophyromonas, Prevotella, Actinobaculum, Actinomyces, Corynebacterium, Rothia) were all recorded to be higher in dmft/DMFT group.
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Baston, Helen Amanda. "Women's experience of emergency caesarean birth". Thesis, University of York, 2006. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14082/.
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Debnath, Angela L. "Britain at the birth of Bangladesh". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1546181/.
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How did Britain perceive the extreme violence that led to the creation of Bangladesh, how did it respond and what factors shaped those perceptions and responses? This thesis seeks to answer these questions using British intelligence reports from 1971 and personal interviews with British diplomats, parliamentarians and government officials of the era. Reflecting both self-interest and genuine concern, British responses to the East Pakistan crisis that ultimately led to the birth of Bangladesh, provide insights into a markedly under-researched episode of nationalist conflict in a former British colony. The range of responses reflects the challenges that the multi-layered violence posed to external observers, and calls into question a widespread tendency to cast the violence as either civil war or genocide. Finally, they illustrate the ambiguities of this juncture in British history when, apparently ready to accept its secondary power status, Britain still sought with varying degrees of success to retain international stature, resulting in a dualistic foreign policy towards South Asia that combined reserve with cautious initiative. By documenting the ambiguities and challenging the relatively simplistic explanations we have of events to date, the thesis provides a deeper understanding of this under-examined yet controversial period in international history when composite violence was met with composite response.
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Ольховик, Віталій Леонідович, Виталий Леонидович Ольховик, Vitalii Leonidovych Olkhovyk i J. I. Amaefuna. "Features vaginal birth after cesarean section". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/27539.
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Chadwick, Rachelle Joy. "Paradoxical Subjects - Women Telling Birth Stories". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8187.
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This study focuses on the construction of subjectivity in and through the telling of birth stories. Drawing on 50 interviews with middle-class women, most of who "chose" to birth either at home or via elective caesarean section, the thesis explores how women make birth "choices" and "experience" home-birth and caesarean-birth within a South African setting. Furthermore, by employing a range of theoretical resources, including the work of Julia Kristeva, Simone de Beauvoir, Iris Young and materialist feminists such as Nancy Hartsock and Maria Mies, this study explores the forms of embodied subjectivity that emerge in birth narratives. Engaging in both an ideological analysis and a narrative analysis, the thesis shows how women's "choices" and "experiences" are always situated within or in relation to cultural story lines, dominant ideologies and material contexts. However, at the same time, through the use of a Kristevan theory of bodieslanguage- subjectivity, the thesis also demonstrates how "the body" itself often becomes transfused into women's talk about birth, resulting in paradoxical and contradictory forms of subjectivity.
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Peng, Nan-Fu. "Birth and death processes with disasters /". The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487672245902776.
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