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Swinbanks, David. "Prospects of marine wealth entice Japan's biotechnologists". Nature 333, nr 6168 (maj 1988): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/333004a0.
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Mapelli, Francesca, Alberto Scoma, Grégoire Michoud, Federico Aulenta, Nico Boon, Sara Borin, Nicolas Kalogerakis i Daniele Daffonchio. "Biotechnologies for Marine Oil Spill Cleanup: Indissoluble Ties with Microorganisms". Trends in Biotechnology 35, nr 9 (wrzesień 2017): 860–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.04.003.
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Cecchi, Grazia, Laura Cutroneo, Simone Di Piazza, Giovanni Besio, Marco Capello i Mirca Zotti. "Port Sediments: Problem or Resource? A Review Concerning the Treatment and Decontamination of Port Sediments by Fungi and Bacteria". Microorganisms 9, nr 6 (11.06.2021): 1279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9061279.
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Contamination of marine sediments by organic and/or inorganic compounds represents one of the most critical problems in marine environments. This issue affects not only biodiversity but also ecosystems, with negative impacts on sea water quality. The scientific community and the European Commission have recently discussed marine environment and ecosystem protection and restoration by sustainable green technologies among the main objectives of their scientific programmes. One of the primary goals of sustainable restoration and remediation of contaminated marine sediments is research regarding new biotechnologies employable in the decontamination of marine sediments, to consider sediments as a resource in many fields such as industry. In this context, microorganisms—in particular, fungi and bacteria—play a central and crucial role as the best tools of sustainable and green remediation processes. This review, carried out in the framework of the Interreg IT-FR Maritime GEREMIA Project, collects and shows the bioremediation and mycoremediation studies carried out on marine sediments contaminated with ecotoxic metals and organic pollutants. This work evidences the potentialities and limiting factors of these biotechnologies and outlines the possible future scenarios of the bioremediation of marine sediments, and also highlights the opportunities of an integrated approach that involves fungi and bacteria together.
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Airoldi, Laura, Michael W. Beck, Louise B. Firth, Ana B. Bugnot, Peter D. Steinberg i Katherine A. Dafforn. "Emerging Solutions to Return Nature to the Urban Ocean". Annual Review of Marine Science 13, nr 1 (3.01.2021): 445–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-032020-020015.
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Urban and periurban ocean developments impact 1.5% of the global exclusive economic zones, and the demand for ocean space and resources is increasing. As we strive for a more sustainable future, it is imperative that we better design, manage, and conserve urban ocean spaces for both humans and nature. We identify three key objectives for more sustainable urban oceans: reduction of urban pressures, protection and restoration of ocean ecosystems, and support of critical ecosystem services. We describe an array of emerging evidence-based approaches, including greening grayinfrastructure, restoring habitats, and developing biotechnologies. We then explore new economic instruments and incentives for supporting these new approaches and evaluate their feasibility in delivering these objectives. Several of these tools have the potential to help bring nature back to the urban ocean while also addressing some of the critical needs of urban societies, such as climate adaptation, seafood production, clean water, and recreation, providing both human and environmental benefits in some of our most impacted ocean spaces.
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Tiwari, Pragya, i Kyeung-Il Park. "Advanced Fungal Biotechnologies in Accomplishing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): What Do We Know and What Comes Next?" Journal of Fungi 10, nr 7 (22.07.2024): 506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof10070506.
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The present era has witnessed an unprecedented scenario with extreme climate changes, depleting natural resources and rising global food demands and its widespread societal impact. From providing bio-based resources to fulfilling socio-economic necessities, tackling environmental challenges, and ecosystem restoration, microbes exist as integral members of the ecosystem and influence human lives. Microbes demonstrate remarkable potential to adapt and thrive in climatic variations and extreme niches and promote environmental sustainability. It is important to mention that advances in fungal biotechnologies have opened new avenues and significantly contributed to improving human lives through addressing socio-economic challenges. Microbe-based sustainable innovations would likely contribute to the United Nations sustainable development goals (SDGs) by providing affordable energy (use of agro-industrial waste by microbial conversions), reducing economic burdens/affordable living conditions (new opportunities by the creation of bio-based industries for a sustainable living), tackling climatic changes (use of sustainable alternative fuels for reducing carbon footprints), conserving marine life (production of microbe-based bioplastics for safer marine life) and poverty reduction (microbial products), among other microbe-mediated approaches. The article highlights the emerging trends and future directions into how fungal biotechnologies can provide feasible and sustainable solutions to achieve SDGs and address global issues.
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Giones, Ferran, Daniel Laufs i Carsten Schultz. "Co-creating Science Commercialization Opportunities for Blue Biotechnologies: The FucoSan Project". Sustainability 12, nr 14 (10.07.2020): 5578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145578.
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We report the experience of the FucoSan InterReg project that had the ambition to generate commercialization opportunities for biotechnology research in a marine environment. Fucoidan, a promising biomarine polysaccharide extracted from seaweed, offers a broad array of potential applications; however, the supporting innovation value chain is still under development. We explore how the use of business modelling tools can contribute to building a shared understanding of commercialization opportunities across a diverse range of research and development actors. We analyze data (interviews, workshops, and surveys) from a German-Danish network of actors involved in the FucoSan InterReg project to identify how the tools contribute to setting up a base to support future activities across a potential innovation value chain. The results point towards the direct and indirect positive effects of engaging in the co-creation of a shared understanding of the functionality and possibilities of promising biomarine products. The findings support the idea that interdisciplinary and multilateral interactions help actors to identify the necessary connections and interdependencies to build a sustainability-driven innovation value chain.
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Alam, Md Morshedul, Redwan Ahmed, Md Ariful Amin i Mohammad Nazir Hossain. "Development and validation of a novel customized medium for the marine microbial culture". Bioresearch Communications 7, nr 2 (29.06.2021): 999–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/brc.v7i2.54374.
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Marine microbes are difficult to culture and hence it takes expensive measure to study. Mostly metagenomics are suggested for marine microbial characterization instead of culturing them in a suitable medium. In this study, a new approach has been developed to culture the marine microorganisms. We customized the LB agar and liquid medium by adjusting the pH and salt concentration at seawater level and then studied the microbial load, their growth rate by turbidity assay and also identified their morphology through gram staining. This study ensures the comfortable growth of marine microbes at the laboratory level, which would further help the marine biotechnologists and microbiologists to work smoothly with marine microbial samples.
Bioresearch Commu. 7(2): 999-1003, 2021 (June)
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Ambrosino, Luca, Michael Tangherlini, Chiara Colantuono, Alfonso Esposito, Mara Sangiovanni, Marco Miralto, Clementina Sansone i Maria Luisa Chiusano. "Bioinformatics for Marine Products: An Overview of Resources, Bottlenecks, and Perspectives". Marine Drugs 17, nr 10 (11.10.2019): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17100576.
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The sea represents a major source of biodiversity. It exhibits many different ecosystems in a huge variety of environmental conditions where marine organisms have evolved with extensive diversification of structures and functions, making the marine environment a treasure trove of molecules with potential for biotechnological applications and innovation in many different areas. Rapid progress of the omics sciences has revealed novel opportunities to advance the knowledge of biological systems, paving the way for an unprecedented revolution in the field and expanding marine research from model organisms to an increasing number of marine species. Multi-level approaches based on molecular investigations at genomic, metagenomic, transcriptomic, metatranscriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic levels are essential to discover marine resources and further explore key molecular processes involved in their production and action. As a consequence, omics approaches, accompanied by the associated bioinformatic resources and computational tools for molecular analyses and modeling, are boosting the rapid advancement of biotechnologies. In this review, we provide an overview of the most relevant bioinformatic resources and major approaches, highlighting perspectives and bottlenecks for an appropriate exploitation of these opportunities for biotechnology applications from marine resources.
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Nicosia, Aldo, Alexander Mikov, Matteo Cammarata, Paolo Colombo, Yaroslav Andreev, Sergey Kozlov i Angela Cuttitta. "The Anemonia viridis Venom: Coupling Biochemical Purification and RNA-Seq for Translational Research". Marine Drugs 16, nr 11 (25.10.2018): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md16110407.
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Blue biotechnologies implement marine bio-resources for addressing practical concerns. The isolation of biologically active molecules from marine animals is one of the main ways this field develops. Strikingly, cnidaria are considered as sustainable resources for this purpose, as they possess unique cells for attack and protection, producing an articulated cocktail of bioactive substances. The Mediterranean sea anemone Anemonia viridis has been studied extensively for years. In this short review, we summarize advances in bioprospecting of the A. viridis toxin arsenal. A. viridis RNA datasets and toxin data mining approaches are briefly described. Analysis reveals the major pool of neurotoxins of A. viridis, which are particularly active on sodium and potassium channels. This review therefore integrates progress in both RNA-Seq based and biochemical-based bioprospecting of A. viridis toxins for biotechnological exploitation.
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Bajtalyuk, A. A., A. V. Adrianov, V. N. Akulin, I. V. Dyujzen, M. Y. Kuznetsov i Y. A. Kuznetsov. "Experimental ground for interdisciplinary marine biotechnology science as an effective solution tool for existing problems in fishing industry". Trudy VNIRO 181 (2020): 16–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36038/2307-3497-2020-181-16-32.
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In 2018, in the Scientific and Educational Complex “Primorsky Oceanarium” of the National Scientific Center for Marine Biology (NSCMB) FEB RAS, a Collective Use Center (CUC) was created with scientific equipment, coastal and near-shore infrastructure, unique facilities and biological materials. In its function, this Center is a unit for cooperation between fishery science and academic science in marine biotechnology (MBC). It was organized using principles of shared access of participants to marine areas, coastal research stations, biological and instrumental basis of Marine Mammals Research facility in “Primorsky Oceanarium” MBC structure in the form of CUC can be used in addressing a wide range of tasks in implementing knowledge intensive marine biotechnologies, upgrading bionic methods in the study of aquatic organisms, carrying out field studies and tests on hydroacoustic, electrical, fishing gear and other manipulators for moving behavior of aquatic organisms and their adaptation to fishing activity. The first MBC joint research results are shown. Those studies include research on acoustic and kinematic activity and characteristics of signals of marine mammals and fish, hydroacoustic emitters testing for controlling fish behavior, experimental studies on reflective properties of aquatic irganisms, and influence of attracting and repelling hydroacoustic emitters on fish behavior in cages using modern instrumental control and observation tools.
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Vladkova, Todorka, Nelly Georgieva, Anna Staneva i Dilyana Gospodinova. "Recent Progress in Antioxidant Active Substances from Marine Biota". Antioxidants 11, nr 3 (22.02.2022): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11030439.
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Background: The well-recognized but not fully explored antioxidant activity of marine-biota-derived, biologically active substances has led to interest in their study as substitutes of antibiotics, antiaging agents, anticancer and antiviral drugs, and others. The aim of this review is to present the current state of the art of marine-biota-derived antioxidants to give some ideas for potential industrial applications. Methods: This review is an update for the last 5 years on the marine sources of natural antioxidants, different classes antioxidant compounds, and current derivation biotechnologies. Results: New marine sources of antioxidants, including byproducts and wastes, are presented, along with new antioxidant substances and derivation approaches. Conclusions: The interest in high-value antioxidants from marine biota continues. Natural substances combining antioxidant and antimicrobial action are of particular interest because of the increasing microbial resistance to antibiotic treatments. New antioxidant substances are discovered, along with those extracted from marine biota collected in other locations. Byproducts and wastes provide a valuable source of antioxidant substances. The application of optimized non-conventional derivation approaches is expected to allow the intensification of the production and improvement in the quality of the derived substances. The ability to obtain safe, high-value products is of key importance for potential industrialization.
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Bloch, Jean-François, i Elisabeth Tardieu-Guigues. "Marine biotechnologies and synthetic biology, new issues for a fair and equitable profit-sharing commercial use". Marine Genomics 17 (październik 2014): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margen.2014.07.003.
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Chavan, Vishwas S. "DATABASES FOR MARINE BIOLOGISTS AND BIOTECHNOLOGISTS: THE STATE‐OF‐THE‐ART AND PROSPECTS". Online and CD-Rom Review 17, nr 2 (luty 1993): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb024427.
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Ruginescu, Robert, Paris Lavin, Lavinia Iancu, Selma Menabit i Cristina Purcarea. "Bioprospecting for Novel Bacterial Sources of Hydrolytic Enzymes and Antimicrobials in the Romanian Littoral Zone of the Black Sea". Microorganisms 10, nr 12 (14.12.2022): 2468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10122468.
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Marine microorganisms have evolved a large variety of metabolites and biochemical processes, providing great opportunities for biotechnologies. In the search for new hydrolytic enzymes and antimicrobial compounds with enhanced characteristics, the current study explored the diversity of cultured and uncultured marine bacteria in Black Sea water from two locations along the Romanian coastline. Microbial cell density in the investigated samples varied between 65 and 12.7 × 103 CFU·mL−1. The total bacterial community identified by Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA gene comprised 185 genera belonging to 46 classes, mainly Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Flavobacteriia, and 24 phyla. The 66 bacterial strains isolated on seawater-based culture media belonged to 33 genera and showed variable growth temperatures, growth rates, and salt tolerance. A great fraction of these strains, including Pseudoalteromonas and Flavobacterium species, produced extracellular proteases, lipases, and carbohydrases, while two strains belonging to the genera Aquimarina and Streptomyces exhibited antimicrobial activity against human pathogenic bacteria. This study led to a broader view on the diversity of microbial communities in the Black Sea, and provided new marine strains with hydrolytic and antimicrobial capabilities that may be exploited in industrial and pharmaceutical applications.
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Besednova, Natalya N., Boris G. Andryukov, Tatyana S. Zaporozhets, Sergey P. Kryzhanovsky, Ludmila N. Fedyanina, Tatyana A. Kuznetsova, Tatyana N. Zvyagintseva i Mikhail Yu Shchelkanov. "Antiviral Effects of Polyphenols from Marine Algae". Biomedicines 9, nr 2 (17.02.2021): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9020200.
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The disease-preventive and medicinal properties of plant polyphenolic compounds have long been known. As active ingredients, they are used to prevent and treat many noncommunicable diseases. In recent decades, marine macroalgae have attracted the attention of biotechnologists and pharmacologists as a promising and almost inexhaustible source of polyphenols. This heterogeneous group of compounds contains many biopolymers with unique structure and biological properties that exhibit high anti-infective activity. In the present review, the authors focus on the antiviral potential of polyphenolic compounds (phlorotannins) from marine algae and consider the mechanisms of their action as well as other biological properties of these compounds that have effects on the progress and outcome of viral infections. Effective nutraceuticals, to be potentially developed on the basis of algal polyphenols, can also be used in the complex therapy of viral diseases. It is necessary to extend in vivo studies on laboratory animals, which subsequently will allow proceeding to clinical tests. Polyphenolic compounds have a great potential as active ingredients to be used for the creation of new antiviral pharmaceutical substances.
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Andryukov, Boris G., Natalya N. Besednova, Tatyana A. Kuznetsova, Tatyana S. Zaporozhets, Svetlana P. Ermakova, Tatyana N. Zvyagintseva, Ekaterina A. Chingizova, Anna K. Gazha i Tatyana P. Smolina. "Sulfated Polysaccharides from Marine Algae as a Basis of Modern Biotechnologies for Creating Wound Dressings: Current Achievements and Future Prospects". Biomedicines 8, nr 9 (22.08.2020): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8090301.
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Wound healing involves a complex cascade of cellular, molecular, and biochemical responses and signaling processes. It consists of successive interrelated phases, the duration of which depends on a multitude of factors. Wound treatment is a major healthcare issue that can be resolved by the development of effective and affordable wound dressings based on natural materials and biologically active substances. The proper use of modern wound dressings can significantly accelerate wound healing with minimum scar mark. Sulfated polysaccharides from seaweeds, with their unique structures and biological properties, as well as with a high potential to be used in various wound treatment methods, now undoubtedly play a major role in innovative biotechnologies of modern natural interactive dressings. These natural biopolymers are a novel and promising biologically active source for designing wound dressings based on alginates, fucoidans, carrageenans, and ulvans, which serve as active and effective therapeutic tools. The goal of this review is to summarize available information about the modern wound dressing technologies based on seaweed-derived polysaccharides, including those successfully implemented in commercial products, with a focus on promising and innovative designs. Future perspectives for the use of marine-derived biopolymers necessitate summarizing and analyzing results of numerous experiments and clinical trial data, developing a scientifically substantiated approach to wound treatment, and suggesting relevant practical recommendations.
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Daniotti, Sara, i Ilaria Re. "Marine Biotechnology: Challenges and Development Market Trends for the Enhancement of Biotic Resources in Industrial Pharmaceutical and Food Applications. A Statistical Analysis of Scientific Literature and Business Models". Marine Drugs 19, nr 2 (26.01.2021): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19020061.
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Biotechnology is an essential tool for the sustainable exploitation of marine resources, although the full development of their potential is complicated by a series of cognitive and technological limitations. Thanks to an innovative systematic approach that combines the meta-analysis of 620 articles produced worldwide with 29 high TRL (Technology Readiness Level) European funded projects, the study provides an assessment of the growth prospects of blue biotechnologies, with a focus on pharmaceutical and food applications, and the most promising technologies to overcome the main challenges in the commercialization of marine products. The results show a positive development trend, with publications more than doubled from 2010 (36) to 2019 (70). Biochemical and molecular characterization, with 150 studies, is the most widely used technology. However, the emerging technologies in basic research are omics technologies, pharmacological analysis and bioinformatics, which have doubled the number of publications in the last five years. On the other hand, technologies for optimizing the conditions of cultivation, harvesting and extraction are central to most business models with immediate commercial exploitation (65% of high-TRL selected projects), especially in food and nutraceutical applications. This research offers a starting point for future research to overcome all those obstacles that restrict the marketing of products derived from organisms.
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de Souza Cabral, Anderson, Mariana Verdan, Rogerio Presciliano, Felipe Silveira, Tarcisio Correa i Fernanda Abreu. "Large-Scale Cultivation of Magnetotactic Bacteria and the Optimism for Sustainable and Cheap Approaches in Nanotechnology". Marine Drugs 21, nr 2 (19.01.2023): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md21020060.
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Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB), a diverse group of marine and freshwater microorganisms, have attracted the scientific community’s attention since their discovery. These bacteria biomineralize ferrimagnetic nanocrystals, the magnetosomes, or biological magnetic nanoparticles (BMNs), in a single or multiple chain(s) within the cell. As a result, cells experience an optimized magnetic dipolar moment responsible for a passive alignment along the lines of the geomagnetic field. Advances in MTB cultivation and BMN isolation have contributed to the expansion of the biotechnological potential of MTB in recent decades. Several studies with mass-cultured MTB expanded the possibilities of using purified nanocrystals and whole cells in nano- and biotechnology. Freshwater MTB were primarily investigated in scaling up processes for the production of BMNs. However, marine MTB have the potential to overcome freshwater species applications due to the putative high efficiency of their BMNs in capturing molecules. Regarding the use of MTB or BMNs in different approaches, the application of BMNs in biomedicine remains the focus of most studies, but their application is not restricted to this field. In recent years, environment monitoring and recovery, engineering applications, wastewater treatment, and industrial processes have benefited from MTB-based biotechnologies. This review explores the advances in MTB large-scale cultivation and the consequent development of innovative tools or processes.
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Necula-Petrareanu, Georgiana, Paris Lavin, Victoria Ioana Paun, Giulia Roxana Gheorghita, Alina Vasilescu i Cristina Purcarea. "Highly Stable, Cold-Active Aldehyde Dehydrogenase from the Marine Antarctic Flavobacterium sp. PL002". Fermentation 8, nr 1 (27.12.2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8010007.
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Stable aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH) from extremophilic microorganisms constitute efficient catalysts in biotechnologies. In search of active ALDHs at low temperatures and of these enzymes from cold-adapted microorganisms, we cloned and characterized a novel recombinant ALDH from the psychrotrophic Flavobacterium PL002 isolated from Antarctic seawater. The recombinant enzyme (F-ALDH) from this cold-adapted strain was obtained by cloning and expressing of the PL002 aldH gene (1506 bp) in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). Phylogeny and structural analyses showed a high amino acid sequence identity (89%) with Flavobacterium frigidimaris ALDH and conservation of all active site residues. The purified F-ALDH by affinity chromatography was homotetrameric, preserving 80% activity at 4 °C for 18 days. F-ALDH used both NAD+ and NADP+ and a broad range of aliphatic and aromatic substrates, showing cofactor-dependent compensatory KM and kcat values and the highest catalytic efficiency (0.50 µM−1 s−1) for isovaleraldehyde. The enzyme was active in the 4–60 °C-temperature interval, with an optimal pH of 9.5, and a preference for NAD+-dependent reactions. Arrhenius plots of both NAD(P)+-dependent reactions indicated conformational changes occurring at 30 °C, with four(five)-fold lower activation energy at high temperatures. The high thermal stability and substrate-specific catalytic efficiency of this novel cold-active ALDH favoring aliphatic catalysis provided a promising catalyst for biotechnological and biosensing applications.
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Melotti, Luca, Tiziana Martinello, Anna Perazzi, Ilaria Iacopetti, Cinzia Ferrario, Michela Sugni, Roberta Sacchetto i Marco Patruno. "A Prototype Skin Substitute, Made of Recycled Marine Collagen, Improves the Skin Regeneration of Sheep". Animals 11, nr 5 (23.04.2021): 1219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11051219.
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Skin wound healing is a complex and dynamic process that aims to restore lesioned tissues. Collagen-based skin substitutes are a promising treatment to promote wound healing by mimicking the native skin structure. Recently, collagen from marine organisms has gained interest as a source for producing biomaterials for skin regenerative strategies. This preliminary study aimed to describe the application of a collagen-based skin-like scaffold (CBSS), manufactured with collagen extracted from sea urchin food waste, to treat experimental skin wounds in a large animal. The wound-healing process was assessed over different time points by the means of clinical, histopathological, and molecular analysis. The CBSS treatment improved wound re-epithelialization along with cell proliferation, gene expression of growth factors (VEGF-A), and development of skin adnexa throughout the healing process. Furthermore, it regulated the gene expression of collagen type I and III, thus enhancing the maturation of the granulation tissue into a mature dermis without any signs of scarring as observed in untreated wounds. The observed results (reduced inflammation, better re-epithelialization, proper development of mature dermis and skin adnexa) suggest that sea urchin-derived CBSS is a promising biomaterial for skin wound healing in a “blue biotechnologies” perspective for animals of Veterinary interest.
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Dickinson, Hannah, i Elizabeth Johnson. "Digesting Planetary Harms: Ocean Life, Biomaterial Innovation, and Uncanny Ingestions of the Anthropocene". HoST - Journal of History of Science and Technology 16, nr 2 (1.12.2022): 48–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/host-2022-0015.
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Abstract This article explores innovations in biomaterial ingestion that would seek to solve ecological harm in the Anthropocene. Focusing on ocean ecologies and marine life, we follow several case studies that examine the paradigm of digestion to consider how efforts to eat the harmful by-products of the Anthropocene spark multifaceted interventions including, the development of novel cuisines, dieting tools, the invention of new animal feed additives, and an array of biotechnologies that would digest or otherwise sequester plastic pollutants. In doing so, we explore how this paradigm of digestion and associated bioscientific interventions are shifting relations between humans and nonhumans, exacerbating the conditions of an “uncanny” Anthropocene. We ask: Can the moving of “strange” surroundings and digestible objects through our bodies better hold us to account for the colonial and calculative epistemes that forged the Anthropocene? Or will these dreams of a circular, digestive economy only extend the promise of the never-ending extraction, valuation, and manipulation of nonhumans as a means of locating solutions to planetary precarity?
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Doan, Chien, Thi Tran, Van Nguyen, Anh Nguyen i San-Lang Wang. "Reclamation of Marine Chitinous Materials for Chitosanase Production via Microbial Conversion by Paenibacillus macerans". Marine Drugs 16, nr 11 (2.11.2018): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md16110429.
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Chitinous materials from marine byproducts elicit great interest among biotechnologists for their potential biomedical or agricultural applications. In this study, four kinds of marine chitinous materials (squid pens, shrimp heads, demineralized shrimp shells, and demineralized crab shells) were used to screen the best source for producing chitosanase by Paenibacillus macerans TKU029. Among them, the chitosanase activity was found to be highest in the culture using the medium containing squid pens as the sole carbon/nitrogen (C/N) source. A chitosanase which showed molecular weights at 63 kDa was isolated from P. macerans cultured on a squid pens medium. The purified TKU029 chitosanase exhibited optimum activity at 60 °C and pH 7, and was stable at temperatures under 50 °C and pH 3-8. An analysis by MALDI-TOF MS revealed that the chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) obtained from the hydrolysis of water-soluble chitosan by TKU029 crude enzyme showed various degrees of polymerization (DP), varying from 3–6. The obtained COS enhanced the growth of four lactic acid bacteria strains but exhibited no effect on the growth of E. coli. By specialized growth enhancing effects, the COS produced from hydrolyzing water soluble chitosan with TKU029 chitinolytic enzymes could have potential for use in medicine or nutraceuticals.
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Bosseboeuf, Adrien, Amandine Baron, Elise Duval, Aude Gautier, Pascal Sourdaine i Pierrick Auvray. "K092A and K092B, Two Peptides Isolated from the Dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula L.), with Potential Antineoplastic Activity Against Human Prostate and Breast Cancer Cells". Marine Drugs 17, nr 12 (28.11.2019): 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17120672.
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Cancer therapy is currently a major challenge within the research community, especially in reducing the side effects of treatments and to develop new specific strategies against cancers that still have a poor prognosis. In this context, alternative strategies using biotechnologies, such as marine peptides, have been developed based on their promise of effectivity associated with a low toxicity for healthy cells. The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the active mechanism of two peptides that were isolated from the epigonal tissue of the lesser spotted dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula L., identified NFDTDEQALEDVFSKYG (K092A) and EAPPEAAEEDEW (K092B) on the in vitro growth inhibition of ZR-75-1 mammary carcinoma cells and MDA-Pca-2b prostate cancer cells. The effects of the peptides on cell proliferation and cell death mechanisms were studied by the flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy approaches. The results have shown the onset of both K092A- and K092B-induced early cytoskeleton changes, and then cell cycle perturbations followed by non-apoptotic cell death. Moreover, impedance perturbation and plasma membrane perforation in ZR-75-1 K092A-treated cell cultures and autophagy inhibition in MDA-Pca-2b K092B-treated cells have been observed. In conclusion, these two bioactive peptides from dogfish exhibit antineoplastic activity on the human prostate and breast cancer cells in vitro.
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Anisimov, Igor Olegovich, i Elena Evgenyevna Guliaeva. "LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF MARINE GENETIC RESOURCES: FILLING THE GAPS OF THE UNITED NATION CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF THE SEAS". Revista Opinião Jurídica (Fortaleza) 20, nr 34 (11.04.2022): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.12662/2447-6641oj.v20i34.p164-179.2022.
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Objective: We seek to understand the definition of marine genetic resources and marine biological resources, placing it in the historical context of narratives of international law of the sea. We seek to look into the content of common heritage of mankind towards MGRs. We seek to analyze the international legal framework of extraction and use of MGRs while securing easy access to them in accordance with the concept of common heritage of mankind. We seek to investigate the international legal regulation of biopiracy in legal research. The authors consider the importance of necessity to fulfil the lack of the universal definition of biopiracy in relation to MGRs in International Law of the Sea.Methodology: The research uses general scientific and special cognitive techniques wherein legal analysis and synthesis, systemic, formal-legal, comparative-legal, historical-legal and dialectical methods are applied.Results: We found out that for the first time ever, the legal protection of the intangible MGR heritage belonging to indigenous peoples and local communities is going to be universally fixed by maritime law. The law will also establish a special mechanism to control the concerned parties’ access to this knowledge. The traditional knowledge of indigenous peoples falls within the definition of intangible cultural heritage. This fact raises a question about an overlap between the future Agreement and the Convention for the Safeguarding the Intangible Cultural Heritage. Though the sphere that is going to be regulated by the future Agreement is very specific, many of its provisions build upon the previously adopted international legal instruments like the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, the Convention on Biological Diversity, and the IOC Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology. Moreover, the scope of the Agreement might overlap with the scope of other international instruments, which have nothing to do with marine law, marine ecology, and marine biodiversity, e.g. the Convention for the Safeguarding the Intangible Cultural Heritage. All the aforementioned aspects should trigger further studies of the legal framework of marine genetic and biological resources. The authors came to the conclusion to extend the concept of the common heritage of mankind to marine genetic resources and we found out the fact that the lack of international legal regulation of the extraction and use of marine genetic resources while securing facilitated access to them in accordance with the concept of the common heritage of mankind, which may lead to an increase in the commission of acts of biopiracy.Contributions: Following a review of the content, we raised possible problems, strategies, suggestions and guidelines for the marine genetic resources and biopiracy.The authors conclude that the implication of the principle of the common heritage of mankind to MGRs may further generate conflicts of law because it is impossible to imply this principle to the high seas. On top of it, the simplified access to MGRs together with the lack of protection of intellectual rights to MGRs and genetic information may result in the overexploitation of marine and oceanic resources as well as the spread of biopiracy. We also point out that it is necessary to find a balance between the freedoms of the high seas, the safeguard of MGRs, and the protection of intellectual property rights to genetic information or marine biotechnologies. The researches considered the distinction between the concepts of marine biological and marine genetic resources and revealed the problems of international legal regulation of the use of marine genetic resources. The authors conclude that generalization of the international legal framework for regulating the use of marine genetic resources needs legal improvement. The authors encourage the complement to the international legal regulation of the universal definition of marine genetic resources and biopiracy.
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Mezenova, Olga, A. Hoeling, T. Moersel, V. Volkov, Natalya Mezenova, Svetlana Agafonova, Vladimir Sauskan, B. Altshul, Michael Rosenstein i Michael Andreev. "ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMIC STATE AND PROSPECTS FOR THE BIOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATION IN THE FISH INDUSTRY OF THE KALININGRAD REGION". Fisheries 2020, nr 5 (9.10.2020): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37663/0131-6184-2020-5-38-50.
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This research analyzes the economic indicators of the fishery complex
of the Kaliningrad region in recent years. The introduction of modern
biotechnological solutions in the fish processing sector is substantiated.
At present, the industry focuses on oceanic and coastal fishing, large fish
complexes are leading in fish processing. Food product groups are mainly
represented by chilled and frozen semi-finished products. Among food fish
products, the production of sterilized canned food predominates; in smaller
quantities, preserves, salted, smoked, dried and dried fish products are
produced. The fish factories practically do not process fish by-products and
there is no production of fish meal. To improve the economic performance of
the industry, it is promising to use innovative biotechnologies and advanced
foreign experience, which allow processing the extracted raw materials with
maximum added value. The Strategy for the Development of the Fisheries
Industry of the Russian Federation until 2030, adopted in November 2019,
outlines the prospects for the development of marine biotechnology in key
segments - aquaculture, production of functional and biologically active
products, processing of by-products. The article presents the volumes and
problems of fish by-products processing accumulating at fish processing
enterprises of the region. A complex scheme of biotechnological by-products
processing with the production of valuable biologically active substances
(proteins, lipids, mineral substances) is proposed. The technology and
production line for the production of protein, protein-mineral and lipid
preparations from secondary fish raw materials are described. A modular
implementation of biotechnology in marine conditions is proposed. The
economic calculation from the introduction of innovative biotechnology in
the processing of secondary fat-containing fish raw materials is presented.
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Cairns, Timothy C., Xiaomei Zheng, Ping Zheng, Jibin Sun i Vera Meyer. "Turning Inside Out: Filamentous Fungal Secretion and Its Applications in Biotechnology, Agriculture, and the Clinic". Journal of Fungi 7, nr 7 (2.07.2021): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7070535.
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Filamentous fungi are found in virtually every marine and terrestrial habitat. Vital to this success is their ability to secrete a diverse range of molecules, including hydrolytic enzymes, organic acids, and small molecular weight natural products. Industrial biotechnologists have successfully harnessed and re-engineered the secretory capacity of dozens of filamentous fungal species to make a diverse portfolio of useful molecules. The study of fungal secretion outside fermenters, e.g., during host infection or in mixed microbial communities, has also led to the development of novel and emerging technological breakthroughs, ranging from ultra-sensitive biosensors of fungal disease to the efficient bioremediation of polluted environments. In this review, we consider filamentous fungal secretion across multiple disciplinary boundaries (e.g., white, green, and red biotechnology) and product classes (protein, organic acid, and secondary metabolite). We summarize the mechanistic understanding for how various molecules are secreted and present numerous applications for extracellular products. Additionally, we discuss how the control of secretory pathways and the polar growth of filamentous hyphae can be utilized in diverse settings, including industrial biotechnology, agriculture, and the clinic.
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Al-Saadoon, Abdullah H., Najwa Mohammed Jameel Ali, Luma H. Ali i Adnan I. Al-Badran. "Effect of Some Ecological Factors on Occurrence of Yeasts in Soil and Sediment from Iraq". Biomedicine and Chemical Sciences 3, nr 1 (1.07.2022): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.48112/bcs.v1i3.240.
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Soil is one of the favorable habitat for microorganism. It considered being the home of wide range of them in particularly, bacteria and fungi. Southern Iraq is characterized by a multiplicity of ecosystem, which include desert, agricultural and marine areas, each of which has special composition that differs from the neighboring system, whether in terms of vegetation or various environmental factors. This in diversity, in turn, may lead to microbial diversity that can be used in different biotechnologies. Regarding that little is known about yeast diversity in such habitats, and therefore the current study aims to assess the yeast community in soil and sediments samples from Basrah and Dhi-Qar provinces, Southern Iraq. Thirty-one species belong to 19 genera were encountered. The isolated species consist of 16 species of Ascomycota and 15 species of Basidiomycota. The soil of Basrah and Dhi-Qar support the growth of diverse species belonged to the genera Aureobasidium, Cutaneotrichosporon, Debaryomyces, Filobasidium Geotrichum, Hanseniaspora, Lodderomyces, Meyerozyma, Symmetrospora, Torulaspora, Vishniacozyma, Pichia, Yarrowia, Cystobasidium, Galactomyces, Rhodotorula, Wickerhamomyces, Candida and Naganishia. One hundred and twelve fungal isolates were identified using the conventional methods depending on morphological characteristics. CHROMagar candida was used as differential culture medium. Iodine stain was used to differentiate ascospores and basidiospores. In addition biochemical method represented by VITEK was used as well as molecular identification. This study represents the first report of occurrence of yeast species in soil and surface sediment samples from Basrah and Dhi-Qar provinces, Southern, Iraq, with effect of some ecological factors on isolation yeast from different location.
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Lawson, Christopher E., Cameron R. Strachan, Dominique D. Williams, Susan Koziel, Steven J. Hallam i Karen Budwill. "Patterns of Endemism and Habitat Selection in Coalbed Microbial Communities". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, nr 22 (4.09.2015): 7924–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01737-15.
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ABSTRACTMicrobially produced methane, a versatile, cleaner-burning alternative energy resource to fossil fuels, is sourced from a variety of natural and engineered ecosystems, including marine sediments, anaerobic digesters, shales, and coalbeds. There is a prevailing interest in developing environmental biotechnologies to enhance methane production. Here, we use small-subunit rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomics to better describe the interplay between coalbed methane (CBM) well conditions and microbial communities in the Alberta Basin. Our results show that CBM microbial community structures display patterns of endemism and habitat selection across the Alberta Basin, consistent with observations from other geographical locations. While some phylum-level taxonomic patterns were observed, relative abundances of specific taxonomic groups were localized to discrete wells, likely shaped by local environmental conditions, such as coal rank and depth-dependent physicochemical conditions. To better resolve functional potential within the CBM milieu, a metagenome from a deep volatile-bituminous coal sample was generated. This sample was dominated byRhodobacteraceaegenotypes, resolving a near-complete population genome bin related toCeleribactersp. that encoded metabolic pathways for the degradation of a wide range of aromatic compounds and the production of methanogenic substrates via acidogenic fermentation. Genomic comparisons between theCeleribactersp. population genome and related organisms isolated from different environments reflected habitat-specific selection pressures that included nitrogen availability and the ability to utilize diverse carbon substrates. Taken together, our observations reveal that both endemism and metabolic specialization should be considered in the development of biostimulation strategies for nonproductive wells or for those with declining productivity.
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Rohmaniyah, Lailatur, Ita Widowati i Ria Azizah Tri Nuraini. "Kandungan Mikroplastik pada Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus), Air Laut, dan Sedimen Di Perairan Desa Gugunung Wetan Kabupaten Rembang, Jawa Tengah". Buletin Oseanografi Marina 13, nr 1 (12.01.2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/buloma.v13i1.46984.
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Rembang merupakan salah satu wilayah yang memiliki daerah pantai, karena letaknya yang berada di Utara Pulau Jawa. Perairan laut Kabupaten Rembang merupakan salah satu penghasil perikanan yang besar di Indonesia, salah satu jenisnya yaitu rajungan (Portunus pelagicus). Rajungan sangat rentan terhadap kontaminasi mikroplastik dikarenakan hidup di daerah pasang surut (intertidal) atau didasar perairan yang langsung bersentuhan dengan substrat. Tujuan penelitian ini mengkaji dan menganalisis kandungan mikroplastik pada daging rajungan (Portunus pelagicus), air laut, dan sedimen di perairan laut Desa Gegunung Wetan, Kabupaten Rembang, Jawa Tengah. Sampel rajungan, air laut, dan sedimen kemudian dilakukan analisis kandungan mikroplastik menggunakan 2 metode, yaitu metode analisis fisikal yang di lakukan Laboratorium Tropical Marine Biotechnologi, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang dan metode analisis FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) yang dilakukan di Laboratorium Terpadu Universitas Gajah Mada, Yogyakarta. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan ditemukan adanya partikel mikroplastik pada sampel rajungan adalah 68 partikel mikroplastik, dengan hasil FTIR menunjukan mikroplastik berjenis Polystyrene, Polycarbonate, Latex, Nitrile, dan Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA atau Acrylic). Kemudian total kandungan mikroplastik pada sampel air laut adalah 28 partikel mikroplastik, dengan hasil FTIR menunjukan mikroplastik berjenis Polystyrene dan Polycarbonate. Selanjutnya total kandungan mikroplastik pada sampel sedimen adalah 33 partikel mikroplastik, dengan hasil FTIR menunjukan mikroplastik berjenis Polypropylene, Polycarbonate, Polystyrene, Polyethylene Terephthalate (PETE), dan Nitrile. Rembang is one of the areas that has a coastal area, because it is located in the north of the island of Java. The marine waters of Rembang Regency are one of the largest fishery producers in Indonesia, one of which is the blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus). Crayfish are very susceptible to microplastic contamination because they live in intertidal areas or on the bottom of waters that are in direct contact with the substrate. The purpose of this study was to examine and analyze the content of microplastics in blue swimming crab meat (Portunus pelagicus), seawater, and sediments in the sea waters of Gegunung Wetan Village, Rembang Regency, Central Java. The blue swimming crab, seawater, and sediment samples were then analyzed for microplastic content using 2 methods, namely the physical analysis method carried out by the Tropical Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang and the FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) analysis method carried out at the Integrated Laboratory of Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta. The results showed that microplastic particles were found in the swimming crab, seawater, and sediment samples. The total microplastic content in the swimming crab sample was 68 microplastic particles, with the FTIR results showing the microplastics of the types Polystyrene, Polycarbonate, Latex, Nitrile, and Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA or Acrylic). Then, the total microplastic content in the seawater sample was 28 microplastic particles, with the FTIR results showing polystyrene and polycarbonate microplastics. Furthermore, the total microplastic content in the sediment sample was 33 microplastic particles, with FTIR results showing microplastics of the types Polypropylene, Polycarbonate, Polystyrene, Polyethylene Terephthalate (PETE), and Nitrile.
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Khlestkina, E. K., Yu V. Ukhatova, L. Yu Shipilina i A. A. Zavarzin. "Genetic resources and genetic technologies for the development of the Northern Territories: on the results of the Second Conference (March 13–15, 2023)". Plant Biotechnology and Breeding 6, nr 1 (28.09.2023): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2658-6266-2023-1-o5.
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A series of events in honor of the centenary of the Polar Experiment Station of VIR founded by Nikolay Ivanovich Vavilov, was opened by the Second Scientific Conference “Genetic Resources and Genetic Technologies for the Development of Northern Territories”, which took place on March 13-15, 2023. The objective of the Conference was to provide a regular platform for the exchange of experience, consolidation of efforts and development of interdisciplinary approaches between specialists – geneticists, resource scientists and biotechnologists, as well as specialists from related areas of biology, medicine and other sciences, whose joint efforts are aimed at increasing the demand for bio-resource collections and the role of genetic technologies in the development of the northern regions of the country. The Conference was organized by the Federal Research Centre the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), the Vavilov Society of Geneticists and Breeders (VOGiS), the Russian Geographical Society (RGS), Scientific Council on Genetics and Breeding of the RAS, Scientific Council of RAS for the Studies of the Arctic and Antarctic, and the Russian Botanical Society (RBS). The Conference was held online. The program of the Conference included three sections: “Effective Development of Northern Agriculture: Genetic Resources of Agricultural Plants and Microorganisms, Genetic Technologies and Interdisciplinary Research”; “Farm Animals, Marine Mammals and Commercial Fish in the Far North: Conservation and Study of Genetic Resources, Breeding and Interdisciplinary Research”; “Health and Longevity of the Population in Northern Territories: Genetic and Interdisciplinary Studies (Including Model Organisms)”, as well as a Round Table “Expeditionary Research in the Arctic and Northern Regions of Russia: Experience of Young Scientists”. Altogether, five plenary presentations, one evening lecture and 23 section reports were made. Genetic, genomic and omics research using valuable genetic resources of plants, animals and microorganisms, as well as human biomaterials, including bio-resource ex situ collections from regions with extreme nature and climate conditions is the basis for acquiring knowledge, creating a set of tools and developments that contribute to socio-economic development and security in the Arctic, addressing health-saving issues, improving the quality of life of the population and partial food self-sufficiency of the regions of the North and the Arctic. The development of these aspects is important for the implementation of the State scientific and technical policy of the Russian Federation, considering the Presidential Decrees 164 of March 5, 2020, and 645 of October 26, 2020. The article presents the main trends announced at the Conference and publishes the Resolution adopted by the Conference.
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"Biotechnologies marines appliquées aux organismes photosynthétiques". Biofutur 1995, nr 150 (listopad 1995): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0294-3506(95)80111-1.
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Doloreux, David, Richard Shearmur i Sophianne Poulin‐Houle. "Les grappes industrielles en régions périphériques: le cas des biotechnologies marines à Rimouski (Québec)". Canadian Geographer / Le Géographe canadien, 14.09.2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cag.12715.
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BURGAUD, Gaëtan, Mohamed MEHIRI i Laurence MESLET-CLADIÈRE. "Les champignons marins et leurs applications biotechnologiques". Bioprocédés et bioproductions, luty 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.51257/a-v1-bio9050.
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Banerjee, Aparna, Shrabana Sarkar, Tanvi Govil, Patricio González-Faune, Gustavo Cabrera-Barjas, Rajib Bandopadhyay, David R. Salem i Rajesh K. Sani. "Extremophilic Exopolysaccharides: Biotechnologies and Wastewater Remediation". Frontiers in Microbiology 12 (19.08.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.721365.
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Various microorganisms thrive under extreme environments, like hot springs, hydrothermal vents, deep marine ecosystems, hyperacid lakes, acid mine drainage, high UV exposure, and more. To survive against the deleterious effect of these extreme circumstances, they form a network of biofilm where exopolysaccharides (EPSs) comprise a substantial part. The EPSs are often polyanionic due to different functional groups in their structural backbone, including uronic acids, sulfated units, and phosphate groups. Altogether, these chemical groups provide EPSs with a negative charge allowing them to (a) act as ligands toward dissolved cations as well as trace, and toxic metals; (b) be tolerant to the presence of salts, surfactants, and alpha-hydroxyl acids; and (c) interface the solubilization of hydrocarbons. Owing to their unique structural and functional characteristics, EPSs are anticipated to be utilized industrially to remediation of metals, crude oil, and hydrocarbons from contaminated wastewaters, mines, and oil spills. The biotechnological advantages of extremophilic EPSs are more diverse than traditional biopolymers. The present review aims at discussing the mechanisms and strategies for using EPSs from extremophiles in industries and environment bioremediation. Additionally, the potential of EPSs as fascinating biomaterials to mediate biogenic nanoparticles synthesis and treat multicomponent water contaminants is discussed.
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Zayed, Ahmed, Hosam M. El-Seadawy, Eman Zekry Attia, Mohammed I. Rushdi i Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen. "Adopting biorefinery and a circular bioeconomy for extracting and isolating natural products from marine algae". Frontiers in Natural Products 3 (20.09.2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fntpr.2024.1425242.
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Seaweeds or marine algae with their three main taxa are recognized as a potential pot for numerous products. This has been imperative to valorize their components at an industrial scale in the context of the sustainability goals of the United Nations (UN). Biorefinery approaches have been attempted for several decades to produce bioactive, biofuels, fine chemicals, and nutritional products from seaweeds. However, with the recent UN goals, climatic changes, and the global economic situation, it is essential to assess all the production processes involved concerning several factors. Numerous steps are performed following algae collection, including optimization of downstream processing (e.g., drying, extraction, and purification), in addition to suitable preservation to maintain products’ integrity till their usage. Moreover, breakthroughs in biotechnologies and the biological sciences are also targeted to achieve the goals of the blue circular bioeconomy which focuses on renewable resources of foods, drug discovery, and energy, while preserving the ocean ecosystem. Hence, the current article provided new insights into the various processes to valorize marine algae in the frame of circular bioeconomy and sustainability concepts.
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Amato, Amalia, Roberta Esposito, Serena Federico, Marina Pozzolini, Marco Giovine, Marco Bertolino, Marco Guida i in. "Marine sponges as promising candidates for integrated aquaculture combining biomass increase and bioremediation: an updated review". Frontiers in Marine Science 10 (31.01.2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1234225.
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Sponge farming has been experimentally performed for more than 100 years, with early attempts mainly devoted for the supply of bath sponges and for ornamental purposes. During the last decades, sponge farming has been proposed to produce biomass specifically for those species from which many structurally diverse bioactive compounds were isolated, frequently present in a low concentration that limits their commercial production. This point is very important because it offers an environmental-friendly approach for the use of sponges as a source of natural compounds for pharmacological, cosmeceutical, and nutraceutical industries. In addition, sponges can have an ecological role as filter-feeding animals with a great significance in marine benthic communities. Thanks to their aquiferous system, they can filter large amounts of sea water, retaining up to 80% of suspended particles, resulting in a good system to bioremediate the marine environment from different contaminants. Remarkably, few attempts at integrating aquaculture systems were performed by combining the increase in sponge biomass and their use for bioremediation, showing impressive results and opening new possibilities in the aquaculture sector. This review concerns both in situ and lab-based aquaculture methods for the production of sponge biomass and for the sponge-related bioremediation of the marine environment focusing on microorganisms and contaminants (heavy metals, pesticides, microplastics, and others). Moreover, a first overview about integrated aquaculture combining biomass increase and bioremediation, as a challenging perspective for marine biotechnologies, is included.
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Hamid, Tengku Haziyamin Tengku Abdul, i Awanis Rosmadi. "Pigmented Pseudoalteromonas Sp. Isolated from Marine Sponge with Anti-Microbial Activities against Selected Human Pathogens". European Journal of Biology and Biotechnology 1, nr 5 (22.09.2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2020.1.5.87.
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Marine sponges have been the potential source of bioactive compounds with potent antimicrobial properties. Sponge associated microbes significantly provide the route of biosynthesis of some of these compounds. In this work, a total of 100 bacterial colonies were screened from a marine sponge from Class Demospongiae, which has been collected from Merambong Island, the state of Johor, Malaysia. In disk diffusion assay, only 2 out of 100 isolates; namely C40 and C52, were able to demonstrate active inhibitions against selected human pathogens (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, except for Staphylococcus aureus). Isolates C40 and C52 were characterized to be Gram negative short rods, non-spore formers and catalase positive. Unlike the majority of other isolates from sponge which were Gram positive rods, Isolate C40 and C52 are Gram negative rods which grew in yellow pigmented colonies. Genotypic characterization using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing were carried out on each isolate (accession number for C40 and C52 is MT645493 and MT645494, respectively). The 16S ribosomal RNA sequences revealed that these strains belonged to genus Pseudoalteromonas sp. with 97-98% similarities. Inhibitions studies showed that this sponge associated microorganisms potentially produce anti-microbial compounds useful for biotechnologies.
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Gonçalves, Cátia, i Pedro M. Costa. "Cephalotoxins: A Hotspot for Marine Bioprospecting?" Frontiers in Marine Science 8 (26.02.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.647344.
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Molluscs provided one of the pioneering approved pharmaceuticals from the seas: the painkiller ziconotide, developed from an ω-conotoxin isolated from cone snails. As marine biotechnologists are turning towards the immense range of novel bioproducts from marine invertebrates, little attention has been given to cephalotoxins, a group of obscure proteinaceous toxins produced by the salivary glands of coleoids, i.e., octopuses, squids and cuttlefishes. These toxins, for which there is empirical evidence for acting as immobilisers at least against crustaceans, are proteinaceous substances among the many that comprise the venomous mixtures secreted by these animals. Despite the ecological and economical importance of cephalopods, little is known about cephalotoxins, beginning with the actual span of taxa that secrete them. Indeed, cephalopods are long suspected for producing specific toxins as part of their predation and defence mechanisms, making them a promising group of marine animals for the bioprospecting of novel compounds. Despite scant or absent toxicological or otherwise experimental evidence for their bioreactivity, advances in “omics” methods have shed some light in the molecular structure of cephalotoxins. There are reports of cephalotoxins being complex glycoproteins that take part in a myriad of novel compounds being produced by the salivary glands. Still, there is no consensus of cephalotoxins being a conserved form of proteins. As Blue Biotechnology and marine bioprospecting for novel bioreactives are gaining momentum, the present review will provide the state-of-the-art on cephalotoxins, highlighting old and new research and existing gaps in the current knowledge.
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Moutinho Cabral, Inês, Cátia Gonçalves, Ana R. Grosso i Pedro M. Costa. "Bioprospecting and marine ‘omics’: surfing the deep blue sea for novel bioactive proteins and peptides". Frontiers in Marine Science 11 (4.06.2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1362697.
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The vast biological and biochemical diversity of the global ocean is the driver behind marine bioprospecting for novel bioproducts. As Marine Biotechnology is gaining momentum as one of the main pillars of the ‘Brue Growth’ revolution, the ability to screen for novel compounds of interest in species with little or no genomic resources is paramount. With this respect, proteins, which are easily metabolised, can be synthetised using convenient DNA recombinant methods and can easily be modified to better meet the needs of human society, making them prized targets. Evidently, proteins that hold natural bioactivity and specificity such as toxins and other venom components, have long captured the focus of biotechnologists, leading to the merger between environmental omics and toxinology termed as ‘venomics’. Indeed, bioactive proteins such as conopeptides, conotoxins, turripeptides and others are long deemed important subjects of research. Even though current mainstream paradigms set the focus on secondary metabolites from marine organisms, transcriptomics and proteomics approaches and their combination are rising strategies for screening for thousands of proteins and peptides in non-conventional biological models, emphasising, but not limited to, marine invertebrate animals due to their abundance, biodiversity and uncanny biochemical strategies to cope with selective pressure in literally every known marine habitat. Untargeted approaches, such as RNA-Seq – based transcriptomics and tandem mass spectrometry – based proteomics, can circumvent limitations related with absent or reduced genomic annotation. The present review will outline the main contributions of ‘omics’ and computational approaches for bioprospecting for proteinaceous marine bioactives. Despite the relatively low number of ‘omics’ studies with the main purpose of discover novel compounds, there is already important literature showcasing pipelines and approaches for revolutionising the exploration of the ocean.
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Moore, David, Matthias Heilweck i Peter Petros. "Planetary bioengineering on Earth to return and maintain the atmospheric carbon dioxide to pre-industrial levels: Assessing potential mechanisms". Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences 9 (15.09.2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2022.797146.
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We are all familiar with the episodes in the deep time history of Earth that enabled life to emerge in such abundance. Episodes like the formation of a Moon large enough and near enough to cause tides in the Earth’s waters and rocks, a core of sufficient iron with sufficient angular momentum to generate a protective magnetosphere around Earth, and assumption of a planetary axis angle that generates the ecological variation of our seasonal cycles. The living things that did arise on this planet have been modifying their habitats on Earth since they first appeared. Modifications that include the greening of Earth by photosynthetic organisms, which turned a predominantly reducing atmosphere into an oxidising one, the consequent precipitation of iron oxides into iron ore strata, and the formation of huge deposits of limestone by calcifying organisms. The episodes on which we wish to concentrate are 1) the frequent involvement of marine calcifiers (coccolithophores, foraminifera, molluscs, crustacea, corals, echinoderms), that have been described as ecosystem engineers modifying habitats in a generally positive way for other organisms, and 2) the frequent involvement of humans in changing the Earth’s biosphere in a generally negative way for other organisms. The fossil record shows that ancestral marine calcifiers had the physiology to cope with both acidified oceans and great excesses of atmospheric CO2 periodically throughout the past 500 million years, creating vast remains of shells as limestone strata in the process. So, our core belief is that humankind must look to the oceans for a solution to present-day climate change. The marine calcifiers of this planet have a track record of decisively modifying both oceans and atmospheres but take millions of years to do it. On the other hand, humanity works fast; in just a few thousand years we have driven scores of animals and plants to extinction, and in just a few hundred years we have so drastically modified our atmosphere that, arguably, we stand on the verge of extinction ourselves. Of all Earth’s ecosystems, those built around biological calcifiers, which all convert organic carbon into inorganic limestone, are the only ones that offer the prospect of permanent net removal of CO2 from our atmosphere. These are the carbon-removal biotechnologies we should be seeking to exploit.
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Mitchell, S. A., i M. H. Ahmad. "Agricultural biotechnology in the Caribbean". CABI Reviews 2003 (styczeń 2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews20033177374.
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Abstract The Caribbean is a region of the world that appears to be a group of islands, not attached to anywhere else and perfect for a holiday. Alongside the tourists, however, are a growing list of scientists and organizations busy about the task of agricultural biotechnology. From Mexico to Cuba, from Trinidad and Tobago to Guyana, things are happening. The Caribbean Region is comprised of the island states in the Caribbean Sea, and adjoining coastal countries. There are many relevant organizations and networks in the region including the University of the West Indies (www.uwicentre.edu.jm/), IICA, the International Institute for Co-operation in Agriculture (www.iica.int/home.asp), the Caribbean Agricultural Research and Development Institution, CARDI (www.cardi.org), PROCICARIBE, the Caribbean Agricultural Science and Technology Networking System, (www.procicaribe.org/), the Caribbean Biotechnology Network Project (www.cafpro.org/cbnp.htm), the Multinational Biotechnology Information System (SIMBIOSIS www.bdt.org.br/bdt/simbiosis), REDBIO Technical Co-operation Network on Plant Biotechnology in Latin America and the Caribbean (REDBIO/FAO) , the United Nations University BIOLAC or Biotechnology for Latin America and the Caribbean (www.biolac.unu.edu/English/homenglish.htm), even a Pan American Marine Biotechnology Association (www.pamba.org). There is also a regional Biotechnology on-line publication maintained by REDBIO, (www.ejbiotechnology.info/) and a newsletter, SPORE published by the Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Co-operation (CTA, www.cta.nl). From all of these networks a connectivity of scientists and research is emerging, which is slowly revolutionising these islands away from just sugar into many other crops. This article highlights many of these biotechnologies and points the way forward for this region.
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Mitchell, S. A., i M. H. Ahmad. "Agricultural biotechnology in the Caribbean". CABI Reviews 2003 (styczeń 2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabireview20033177374.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract The Caribbean is a region of the world that appears to be a group of islands, not attached to anywhere else and perfect for a holiday. Alongside the tourists, however, are a growing list of scientists and organizations busy about the task of agricultural biotechnology. From Mexico to Cuba, from Trinidad and Tobago to Guyana, things are happening. The Caribbean Region is comprised of the island states in the Caribbean Sea, and adjoining coastal countries. There are many relevant organizations and networks in the region including the University of the West Indies (www.uwicentre.edu.jm/), IICA, the International Institute for Co-operation in Agriculture (www.iica.int/home.asp), the Caribbean Agricultural Research and Development Institution, CARDI (www.cardi.org), PROCICARIBE, the Caribbean Agricultural Science and Technology Networking System, (www.procicaribe.org/), the Caribbean Biotechnology Network Project (www.cafpro.org/cbnp.htm), the Multinational Biotechnology Information System (SIMBIOSIS www.bdt.org.br/bdt/simbiosis), REDBIO Technical Co-operation Network on Plant Biotechnology in Latin America and the Caribbean (REDBIO/FAO) , the United Nations University BIOLAC or Biotechnology for Latin America and the Caribbean (www.biolac.unu.edu/English/homenglish.htm), even a Pan American Marine Biotechnology Association (www.pamba.org). There is also a regional Biotechnology on-line publication maintained by REDBIO, (www.ejbiotechnology.info/) and a newsletter, SPORE published by the Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Co-operation (CTA, www.cta.nl). From all of these networks a connectivity of scientists and research is emerging, which is slowly revolutionising these islands away from just sugar into many other crops. This article highlights many of these biotechnologies and points the way forward for this region.
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Barbato, Marta, Violetta Vacchini, Aschwin H. Engelen, Giovanni Patania, Francesca Mapelli, Sara Borin i Elena Crotti. "What lies on macroalgal surface: diversity of polysaccharide degraders in culturable epiphytic bacteria". AMB Express 12, nr 1 (27.07.2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13568-022-01440-8.
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AbstractMacroalgal surface constitutes a peculiar ecological niche and an advantageous substratum for microorganisms able to degrade the wide diversity of algal glycans. The degrading enzymatic activities of macroalgal epiphytes are of paramount interest for the industrial by-product sector and biomass resource applications. We characterized the polysaccharide hydrolytic profile of bacterial isolates obtained from three macroalgal species: the red macroalgae Asparagopsis taxiformis and Sphaerococcus coronopifolius (Rhodophyceae) and the brown Halopteris scoparia (Phaeophyceae), sampled in South Portugal. Bacterial enrichment cultures supplemented with chlorinated aliphatic compounds, typically released by marine algae, were established using as inoculum the decaying biomass of the three macroalgae, obtaining a collection of 634 bacterial strains. Although collected from the same site and exposed to the same seawater seeding microbiota, macroalgal cultivable bacterial communities in terms of functional and phylogenetic diversity showed host specificity. Isolates were tested for the hydrolysis of starch, pectin, alginate and agar, exhibiting a different hydrolytic potential according to their host: A. taxiformis showed the highest percentage of active isolates (91%), followed by S. coronopifolius (54%) and H. scoparia (46%). Only 30% of the isolates were able to degrade starch, while the other polymers were degraded by 55–58% of the isolates. Interestingly, several isolates showed promiscuous capacities to hydrolyze more than one polysaccharide. The isolate functional fingerprint was statistically correlated to bacterial phylogeny, host species and enrichment medium. In conclusion, this work depicts macroalgae as holobionts with an associated microbiota of interest for blue biotechnologies, suggesting isolation strategies and bacterial targets for polysaccharidases’ discovery.