Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Biosensor”
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Rafat, Neda, Paul Satoh i Robert Mark Worden. "Electrochemical Biosensor for Markers of Neurological Esterase Inhibition". Biosensors 11, nr 11 (16.11.2021): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11110459.
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A novel, integrated experimental and modeling framework was applied to an inhibition-based bi-enzyme (IBE) electrochemical biosensor to detect acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors that may trigger neurological diseases. The biosensor was fabricated by co-immobilizing AChE and tyrosinase (Tyr) on the gold working electrode of a screen-printed electrode (SPE) array. The reaction chemistry included a redox-recycle amplification mechanism to improve the biosensor’s current output and sensitivity. A mechanistic mathematical model of the biosensor was used to simulate key diffusion and reaction steps, including diffusion of AChE’s reactant (phenylacetate) and inhibitor, the reaction kinetics of the two enzymes, and electrochemical reaction kinetics at the SPE’s working electrode. The model was validated by showing that it could reproduce a steady-state biosensor current as a function of the inhibitor (PMSF) concentration and unsteady-state dynamics of the biosensor current following the addition of a reactant (phenylacetate) and inhibitor phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride). The model’s utility for characterizing and optimizing biosensor performance was then demonstrated. It was used to calculate the sensitivity of the biosensor’s current output and the redox-recycle amplification factor as a function of experimental variables. It was used to calculate dimensionless Damkohler numbers and current-control coefficients that indicated the degree to which individual diffusion and reaction steps limited the biosensor’s output current. Finally, the model’s utility in designing IBE biosensors and operating conditions that achieve specific performance criteria was discussed.
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Štukovnik, Zala, Regina Fuchs-Godec i Urban Bren. "Nanomaterials and Their Recent Applications in Impedimetric Biosensing". Biosensors 13, nr 10 (22.09.2023): 899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13100899.
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Impedimetric biosensors measure changes in the electrical impedance due to a biochemical process, typically the binding of a biomolecule to a bioreceptor on the sensor surface. Nanomaterials can be employed to modify the biosensor’s surface to increase the surface area available for biorecognition events, thereby improving the sensitivity and detection limits of the biosensor. Various nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, quantum dots, metal nanoparticles, and graphene oxide nanoparticles, have been investigated for impedimetric biosensors. These nanomaterials have yielded promising results in improving sensitivity, selectivity, and overall biosensor performance. Hence, they offer a wide range of possibilities for developing advanced biosensing platforms that can be employed in various fields, including healthcare, environmental monitoring, and food safety. This review focuses on the recent developments in nanoparticle-functionalized electrochemical-impedimetric biosensors.
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Turdean, Graziella L. "Design and Development of Biosensors for the Detection of Heavy Metal Toxicity". International Journal of Electrochemistry 2011 (2011): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/343125.
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Many compounds (including heavy metals, HMs) used in different fields of industry and/or agriculture act as inhibitors of enzymes, which, as consequence, are unable to bind the substrate. Even if it is not so sensitive, the method for detecting heavy metal traces using biosensors has a dynamic trend and is largely applied for improving the “life quality”, because of biosensor's sensitivity, selectivity, and simplicity. In the last years, they also become more and more a synergetic combination between biotechnology and microelectronics. Dedicated biosensors were developed for offline and online analysis, and also, their extent and diversity could be called a real “biosensor revolution”. A panel of examples of biosensors: enzyme-, DNA-, imuno-, whole-cell-based biosensors were systematised depending on the reaction type, transduction signal, or analytical performances. The mechanism of enzyme-based biosensor and the kinetic of detection process are described and compared. In this context, is explainable why bioelectronics, nanotechnology, miniaturization, and bioengineering will compete for developing sensitive and selective biosensors able to determine multiple analytes simultaneously and/or integrated in wireless communications systems.
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Gilani Mohamed, Mohamed Ahmed, Ashok Vajravelu i Nurmiza Binti Othman. "Biosensors Preliminary Concepts and Its Principles with Applications in the Engineering Perspective". International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research 6, nr 2 (3.05.2021): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijshr.20210415.
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Biosensor is rapid detection of any infectious disease at the early stages is critical for supporting public health and ensuring effective healthcare outcomes. A timely and accurate diagnosis of a disease is necessary for an effective medical response where is biosensor takes place. The design and development of biosensors have taken a centre stage for researchers or scientists in the recent decade owing to the wide range of biosensor applications, such as health care and disease diagnosis, environmental monitoring, water and food quality monitoring, and drug delivery and lately it shown great potential for use in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Biosensors are ideally suited to many diagnostic and real-time detection problems due to their use of biological molecules, tissues, and cells, and their high capacity for precision and accuracy promises to continue this trend. Biosensors will become even more widespread and essential to the industrial, agricultural, scientific, and health care as biotechnology tools advance to allow additional biosensor growth. Keywords: biosensor, biosensor historical perspective, biosensor parameters, biosensor application.
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Schackart, Kenneth E., i Jeong-Yeol Yoon. "Machine Learning Enhances the Performance of Bioreceptor-Free Biosensors". Sensors 21, nr 16 (17.08.2021): 5519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165519.
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Since their inception, biosensors have frequently employed simple regression models to calculate analyte composition based on the biosensor’s signal magnitude. Traditionally, bioreceptors provide excellent sensitivity and specificity to the biosensor. Increasingly, however, bioreceptor-free biosensors have been developed for a wide range of applications. Without a bioreceptor, maintaining strong specificity and a low limit of detection have become the major challenge. Machine learning (ML) has been introduced to improve the performance of these biosensors, effectively replacing the bioreceptor with modeling to gain specificity. Here, we present how ML has been used to enhance the performance of these bioreceptor-free biosensors. Particularly, we discuss how ML has been used for imaging, Enose and Etongue, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) biosensors. Notably, principal component analysis (PCA) combined with support vector machine (SVM) and various artificial neural network (ANN) algorithms have shown outstanding performance in a variety of tasks. We anticipate that ML will continue to improve the performance of bioreceptor-free biosensors, especially with the prospects of sharing trained models and cloud computing for mobile computation. To facilitate this, the biosensing community would benefit from increased contributions to open-access data repositories for biosensor data.
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Newton, Adam J. H., Mark J. Wall i Magnus J. E. Richardson. "Modeling microelectrode biosensors: free-flow calibration can substantially underestimate tissue concentrations". Journal of Neurophysiology 117, nr 3 (1.03.2017): 937–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00788.2016.
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Microelectrode amperometric biosensors are widely used to measure concentrations of analytes in solution and tissue including acetylcholine, adenosine, glucose, and glutamate. A great deal of experimental and modeling effort has been directed at quantifying the response of the biosensors themselves; however, the influence that the macroscopic tissue environment has on biosensor response has not been subjected to the same level of scrutiny. Here we identify an important issue in the way microelectrode biosensors are calibrated that is likely to have led to underestimations of analyte tissue concentrations. Concentration in tissue is typically determined by comparing the biosensor signal to that measured in free-flow calibration conditions. In a free-flow environment the concentration of the analyte at the outer surface of the biosensor can be considered constant. However, in tissue the analyte reaches the biosensor surface by diffusion through the extracellular space. Because the enzymes in the biosensor break down the analyte, a density gradient is set up resulting in a significantly lower concentration of analyte near the biosensor surface. This effect is compounded by the diminished volume fraction (porosity) and reduction in the diffusion coefficient due to obstructions (tortuosity) in tissue. We demonstrate this effect through modeling and experimentally verify our predictions in diffusive environments. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Microelectrode biosensors are typically calibrated in a free-flow environment where the concentrations at the biosensor surface are constant. However, when in tissue, the analyte reaches the biosensor via diffusion and so analyte breakdown by the biosensor results in a concentration gradient and consequently a lower concentration around the biosensor. This effect means that naive free-flow calibration will underestimate tissue concentration. We develop mathematical models to better quantify the discrepancy between the calibration and tissue environment and experimentally verify our key predictions.
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Generalov, Vladimir, Anastasia Cheremiskina, Alexander Glukhov, Victoria Grabezhova, Margarita Kruchinina i Alexander Safatov. "Investigation of Limitations in the Detection of Antibody + Antigen Complexes Using the Silicon-on-Insulator Field-Effect Transistor Biosensor". Sensors 23, nr 17 (29.08.2023): 7490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23177490.
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The SOI-FET biosensor (silicon-on-insulator field-effect transistor) for virus detection is a promising device in the fields of medicine, virology, biotechnology, and the environment. However, the applications of modern biosensors face numerous problems and require improvement. Some of these problems can be attributed to sensor design, while others can be attributed to technological limitations. The aim of this work is to conduct a theoretical investigation of the “antibody + antigen” complex (AB + AG) detection processes of a SOI-FET biosensor, which may also solve some of the aforementioned problems. Our investigation concentrates on the analysis of the probability of AB + AG complex detection and evaluation. Poisson probability density distribution was used to estimate the probability of the adsorption of the target molecules on the biosensor’s surface and, consequently, to obtain correct detection results. Many implicit and unexpected causes of error detection have been identified for AB + AG complexes using SOI-FET biosensors. We showed that accuracy and time of detection depend on the number of SOI-FET biosensors on a crystal.
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Miller, Corwin A., Joanne M. L. Ho i Matthew R. Bennett. "Strategies for Improving Small-Molecule Biosensors in Bacteria". Biosensors 12, nr 2 (25.01.2022): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12020064.
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In recent years, small-molecule biosensors have become increasingly important in synthetic biology and biochemistry, with numerous new applications continuing to be developed throughout the field. For many biosensors, however, their utility is hindered by poor functionality. Here, we review the known types of mechanisms of biosensors within bacterial cells, and the types of approaches for optimizing different biosensor functional parameters. Discussed approaches for improving biosensor functionality include methods of directly engineering biosensor genes, considerations for choosing genetic reporters, approaches for tuning gene expression, and strategies for incorporating additional genetic modules.
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Theyagarajan, K., i Young-Joon Kim. "Recent Developments in the Design and Fabrication of Electrochemical Biosensors Using Functional Materials and Molecules". Biosensors 13, nr 4 (27.03.2023): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13040424.
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Electrochemical biosensors are superior technologies that are used to detect or sense biologically and environmentally significant analytes in a laboratory environment, or even in the form of portable handheld or wearable electronics. Recently, imprinted and implantable biosensors are emerging as point-of-care devices, which monitor the target analytes in a continuous environment and alert the intended users to anomalies. The stability and performance of the developed biosensor depend on the nature and properties of the electrode material or the platform on which the biosensor is constructed. Therefore, the biosensor platform plays an integral role in the effectiveness of the developed biosensor. Enormous effort has been dedicated to the rational design of the electrode material and to fabrication strategies for improving the performance of developed biosensors. Every year, in the search for multifarious electrode materials, thousands of new biosensor platforms are reported. Moreover, in order to construct an effectual biosensor, the researcher should familiarize themself with the sensible strategies behind electrode fabrication. Thus, we intend to shed light on various strategies and methodologies utilized in the design and fabrication of electrochemical biosensors that facilitate sensitive and selective detection of significant analytes. Furthermore, this review highlights the advantages of various electrode materials and the correlation between immobilized biomolecules and modified surfaces.
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Khan, Marya, Vandana Nagal, Sakeena Masrat, Talia Tuba, Nirmalya Tripathy, Mohammad K. Parvez, Mohammed S. Al-Dosari i in. "Wide-Linear Range Cholesterol Detection Using Fe2O3 Nanoparticles Decorated ZnO Nanorods Based Electrolyte-Gated Transistor". Journal of The Electrochemical Society 169, nr 2 (1.02.2022): 027512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac51f6.
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Electrolyte-gated transistor (EGT)-based biosensors are created with nanomaterials to harness the advantages of miniaturization and excellent sensing performance. A cholesterol EGT biosensor based on iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles decorated ZnO nanorods is proposed here. ZnO nanorods are directly grown on the seeded channel using a hydrothermal method, keeping in mind the stability of nanorods on the channel during biosensor measurements in an electrolyte. Most importantly, ZnO nanorods can be effectively grown and modified with Fe2O3 nanoparticles to enhance stability, surface roughness, and performance. The cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) enzyme is immobilized over Fe2O3 nanoparticles decorated ZnO nanorods for cholesterol detection. With cholesterol addition in buffer solution, the electro-oxidation of cholesterol on enzyme immobilized surface led to increased the biosensor’s current response. The cholesterol EGT biosensor detected cholesterol in wide-linear range (i.e., 0.1 to 60.0 mM) with high sensitivity (37.34 μA mM−1cm−2) compared to conventional electrochemical sensors. Furthermore, we obtained excellent selectivity, fabrication reproducibility, long-term storage stability, and practical applicability in real serum samples. The demonstrated EGT biosensor can be extended with changing enzymes or nanomaterials or hybrid nanomaterials for specific analyte detection.
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Hua, Yu, Jiaming Ma, Dachao Li i Ridong Wang. "DNA-Based Biosensors for the Biochemical Analysis: A Review". Biosensors 12, nr 3 (20.03.2022): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12030183.
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In recent years, DNA-based biosensors have shown great potential as the candidate of the next generation biomedical detection device due to their robust chemical properties and customizable biosensing functions. Compared with the conventional biosensors, the DNA-based biosensors have advantages such as wider detection targets, more durable lifetime, and lower production cost. Additionally, the ingenious DNA structures can control the signal conduction near the biosensor surface, which could significantly improve the performance of biosensors. In order to show a big picture of the DNA biosensor’s advantages, this article reviews the background knowledge and recent advances of DNA-based biosensors, including the functional DNA strands-based biosensors, DNA hybridization-based biosensors, and DNA templated biosensors. Then, the challenges and future directions of DNA-based biosensors are discussed and proposed.
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Ozkan-Ariksoysal, Dilsat. "Current Perspectives in Graphene Oxide-Based Electrochemical Biosensors for Cancer Diagnostics". Biosensors 12, nr 8 (6.08.2022): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12080607.
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Since the first commercial biosensor device for blood glucose measurement was introduced in the 1970s, many “biosensor types” have been developed, and this research area remains popular worldwide. In parallel with some global biosensor research reports published in the last decade, including a great deal of literature and industry statistics, it is predicted that biosensor design technologies, including handheld or wearable devices, will be preferred and highly valuable in many areas in the near future. Biosensors using nanoparticles still maintain their very important place in science and technology and are the subject of innovative research projects. Among the nanomaterials, carbon-based ones are considered to be one of the most valuable nanoparticles, especially in the field of electrochemical biosensors. In this context, graphene oxide, which has been used in recent years to increase the electrochemical analysis performance in biosensor designs, has been the subject of this review. In fact, graphene is already foreseen not only for biosensors but also as the nanomaterial of the future in many fields and is therefore drawing research attention. In this review, recent and prominent developments in biosensor technologies using graphene oxide (GO)-based nanomaterials in the field of cancer diagnosis are briefly summarized.
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Kim, Donggyu, Sungjun Byun, Younggun Pu, Hyungki Huh, Yeonjae Jung, Seokkee Kim i Kang-Yoon Lee. "Design of a Current Sensing System with TIA Gain of 160 dBΩ and Input-Referred Noise of 1.8 pArms for Biosensor". Sensors 23, nr 6 (10.03.2023): 3019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23063019.
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This paper proposes a high-gain low-noise current signal detection system for biosensors. When the biomaterial is attached to the biosensor, the current flowing through the bias voltage is changed so that the biomaterial can be sensed. A resistive feedback transimpedance amplifier (TIA) is used for the biosensor requiring a bias voltage. Current changes in the biosensor can be checked by plotting the current value of the biosensor in real time on the self-made graphical user interface (GUI). Even if the bias voltage changes, the input voltage of the analog to digital converter (ADC) does not change, so it is designed to plot the current of the biosensor accurately and stably. In particular, for multi-biosensors with an array structure, a method of automatically calibrating the current between biosensors by controlling the gate bias voltage of the biosensors is proposed. Input-referred noise is reduced using a high-gain TIA and chopper technique. The proposed circuit achieves 1.8 pArms input-referred noise with a gain of 160 dBΩ and is implemented in a TSMC 130 nm CMOS process. The chip area is 2.3 mm2, and the power consumption of the current sensing system is 12 mW.
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Chowdhury, Dibyendu, Bishnu Prasad De, Bhargav Appasani, Navaneet Kumar Singh, Rajib Kar, Durbadal Mandal, Nicu Bizon i Phatiphat Thounthong. "A Novel Dielectric Modulated Gate-Stack Double-Gate Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor-Based Sensor for Detecting Biomolecules". Sensors 23, nr 6 (8.03.2023): 2953. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23062953.
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In this article, the performance of n-type junctionless (JL) double-gate (DG) MOSFET-based biosensors with and without gate stack (GS) has been studied. Here, the dielectric modulation (DM) method is applied to detect biomolecules in the cavity. The sensitivity of n-type JL-DM-DG-MOSFET and n-type JL-DM-GSDG-MOSFET-based biosensors have also been evaluated. The sensitivity (ΔVth) improved in JL-DM-GSDG MOSFET/JL-DM-DG-MOSFET-based biosensors for neutral/charged biomolecules is 116.66%/66.66% and 1165.78%/978.94%, respectively, compared with the previously reported results. The electrical detection of biomolecules is validated using the ATLAS device simulator. The noise and analog/RF parameters are compared between both biosensors. A lower threshold voltage is observed in the GSDG-MOSFET-based biosensor. The Ion/Ioff ratio is higher for DG-MOSFET-based biosensors. The proposed GSDG-MOSFET-based biosensor demonstrates higher sensitivity than the DG-MOSFET-based biosensor. The GSDG-MOSFET-based biosensor is suitable for low-power, high-speed, and high sensitivity applications.
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Wang, Yunjie. "Application of Electrochemical Biosensors for Chemical Hazards Detection". Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 3 (8.07.2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v3i.686.
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Electrochemical biosensor is a subject that has received the most attention from scientists in recent years. It is not only related to human life but also natural environment. Research on electrochemical biosensors is also cross-linked with many other scientific fields, such as nanomaterials and hazardous chemical detection. In this research, electrochemical biosensor is discussed by divided into three types, including potentiometric, amperometric, and voltammetric biosensors. The unique mechanism, advantages and application of these electrochemical biosensors is also introduced in this article. Potentiometric biosensor is frequently used for phosphate, toxicity and heavy metal detection. Amperometric biosensors are usually combined with enzymes for the identification of additives in products and contaminants in water. Voltammetric biosensors are most commonly used for blood glucose testing, but can also detect many tastes.
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Tipmanee, Manatsapon, i Saipin Thanachasai. "Amperometric Biosensors Using Different Alcohol Oxidases". Applied Mechanics and Materials 891 (maj 2019): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.891.90.
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Amperometric biosensors were fabricated by immobilizing alcohol oxidases (AOX) from two different sources onto glutaraldehyde (GA)-activated supports. Alcohol oxidases fromHansenulasp. and fromPichia pastoriswere employed for immobilization. The biosensor with AOX fromHansenulasp. showed a linear response to ethanol in the concentration range of 0.1-0.6 mM with a sensitivity of 88.534 µA mM-1cm-2and a detection limit of 0.1 mM (S/N=3). In comparison, the biosensor with AOX fromP. pastorisshowed a linear response from 0.1-0.5 mM ethanol with a sensitivity of 76.886 µA mM-1cm-2and a detection limit of 0.1 mM. The study of stability of biosensors revealed that after 90 measurements, the biosensor with AOX fromHansenulasp. retained 97% of its original current response whereas the current response of the biosensor with AOX fromP. pastorisdecreased to 81% of its initial value. The biosensor with AOX fromHansenulasp. demonstrated slightly higher sensitivity and stability than the biosensor with AOX fromP. pastoris.
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Baronas, Romas, i Karolis Petrauskas. "Sudėtinės geometrinės struktūros biojutiklių kompiuterinis modeliavimas". Informacijos mokslai 56 (1.01.2011): 156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/im.2011.0.3141.
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Biojutikliai yra analitiniai įrenginiai, skirti medžiagų koncentracijoms matuoti. Kuriant naujus biojutiklius reikia atlikti daug eksperimentų. Siekiant sumažinti atliekamų fizinių eksperimentų skaičių taikomas kompiuterinis biojutiklių veiksmo odeliavimas, kai įprastai kiekvienam struktūriškai naujam biojutikliui yra sudaromas matematinis modelis, tuomet jis keičiamas skirtuminiu, o jo lygčių sistemos sprendimas įgyvendinamas sudarant kompiuterinį modelį. Kiekvienas žingsnis reikalauja atidos ir turėtų būti automatizuotas. Straipsnyje yra pateikiamas biojutiklio metamodelis, leidžiantis formuluoti biojutiklių modelius dalykinės srities sąvokomis. Pasiūlytasis metamodelis aprašo biojutiklių modelius, formuluojamus dvimatėje erdvėje, apimančius biojutiklio struktūros, jo geometrinių savybių, biojutikliuose vykstančių reakcijų ir difuzijos procesų aprašus. Sudarius metamodelį, buvo sukurta programinė įranga, automatiškai sukonstruojanti kompiuterinį biojutiklio modelį pagal metamodeliosąvokomis išreikšto biojutiklio aprašą. Metamodelis ir programinė įranga buvo taikoma realiam biojutiklio modeliui sudaryti ir jo veiksmui modeliuoti kompiuteriniu būdu.", t. y. ištrinti žodžius "biojutiklių veiksmo.Computer-Aided Modeling of Biosensors with a Complex Geometrical StructureRomas Baronas, Karolis Petrauskas SummaryBiosensors are analytical devices used to measure the concentration of substances. When developing new biosensors, a lot of experiments are needed to be performed. Mathematical modeling of biosensors is used to decrease the number of physical experiments. Models of biosensors are usually created for each structurally unique biosensor by defining its mathematical model and the corresponding numerical approximation. Equations of the numerical model are then solved using computer programs, usually created for a particular model of the biosensor. Each of these steps requires a great attention and should be automated. The article presents a metamodel for a biosensor, enabling one to define models of biosensors in domain-specific terms. The proposed metamodel describes biosensor models, defined in the two-dimensional space and including definitions of the structure of a biosensor, its geometrical properties, reactions and diffusion processes taking place in it. Upon defining the metamodel, we compiled the computer software able to create computer models for biosensors from the models formulated according to the proposed metamodel. The metamodel was practically used to define a model for a real biosensor, and the biosensor modeling software was used to simulate its operation.
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Lin, Zhitao, Yiqing Shu, Weicheng Chen, Yang Zhao i Jianqing Li. "High-Sensitivity PtSe2 Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor Based on Metal-Si-Metal Waveguide Structure". Biosensors 12, nr 1 (6.01.2022): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12010027.
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PtSe2 as a novel TMDCs material is used to modify the traditional SPR biosensors to improve the performance. On this basis, this research proposes a metal-Si-metal waveguide structure to further improve the performance of the biosensor. In this study, we not only studied the effects of waveguide structures containing different metals on the performance of biosensor, but also discussed the performance change of the biosensor with the change of PtSe2 thickness. After the final optimization, a BK7-Au-Si-Au-PtSe2 (2 nm) biosensor structure achieved the highest sensitivity of 193.8°/RIU. This work provides a new development idea for the study of SPR biosensors with waveguide structures in the future.
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Vokhmyanina, Darya V., Olesya E. Sharapova, Ksenia E. Buryanovataya i Arkady A. Karyakin. "Novel Siloxane Derivatives as Membrane Precursors for Lactate Oxidase Immobilization". Sensors 23, nr 8 (15.04.2023): 4014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23084014.
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We report new enzyme-containing siloxane membranes for biosensor elaboration. Lactate oxidase immobilization from water–organic mixtures with a high concentration of organic solvent (90%) leads to advanced lactate biosensors. The use of the new alkoxysilane monomers—(3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTMS) and trimethoxy[3-(methylamino)propyl]silane (MAPS)—as the base for enzyme-containing membrane construction resulted in a biosensor with up to a two times higher sensitivity (0.5 A·M−1·cm−2) compared to the biosensor based on (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) we reported previously. The validity of the elaborated lactate biosensor for blood serum analysis was shown using standard human serum samples. The developed lactate biosensors were validated through analysis of human blood serum.
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Murukesh, A., A. Mohamed Sikkander, N. Hemavathy, G. Theivanathan i Sangeeta R Mishra. "Assess of Chemical and Biosensor Chips". YMER Digital 21, nr 05 (31.05.2022): 1455–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.05/f9.
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A biosensor is an analytical instrument that combines a biological component with a physicochemical detector to detect a chemical molecule. A biosensor is a biological detection device that combines a biological component with a transducer to perform biochemical amount measurement. Biosensors are often designed to convert physical, chemical, or biological events into measurable signals, providing qualitative and/or quantitative data on the target analytes. While the topic of biosensors has attracted a lot of attention from scientists, combining it with micro fluidics could result in even more substantial gains in terms of sensitivity and specificity, resolution, automation, throughput, repeatability, dependability, and accuracy. Biosensors-on-chip (BoC) might thus serve as a bridge between diagnostics in central laboratories and diagnostics at the patient's bedside, allowing for significant breakthroughs in point-of-care (PoC) diagnostic applications. The purpose of this publication is to present an up-to-date review of BoC system development and their most current application in cancer, infectious diseases, and neurological disorders diagnosis. Leland C. Clark invented enzyme electrodes in 1962, which marked the beginning of biosensor development. A biosensor typically consists of an enzyme, antibody, or cell receptor, as well as a detecting device or transducer. Covalent bonding, matrix entrapment, physical adsorption, and membrane entrapment are some of the ways used to combine these two elements. A biosensor is a type of analytical equipment that detects chemical substances. They normally consist of three segments: sensor, transducer, and related electrons, and combine a biological component with a physicochemical conductor. Keywords: Biosensor chips, Silicon square chips, integrated photonic biosensors, revolutionize biology, bioreceptor, Biosensor technology
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Umar, Ahmad, Pooja Lohia, Sachin Singh, Vipin Kumar, D. K. Dwivedi, Ahmed A. Ibrahim i Hassan Algadi. "Graphene and Nickel Nanomaterials Based Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Biosensor: A Theoretical Study". Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 17, nr 8 (1.08.2022): 1215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2022.3320.
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An extremely sensitive surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based biosensor has been simulated in the present study using an angular interrogation technique. The large surface area of the graphene layer facilitates biomolecule absorption. The SPR biosensor is proposed in a five-layer Kretschmann configuration with a ferromagnetic material and a silver layer. The proposed SPR biosensor’s sensitivity has been significantly raised in comparison to traditional film-based SPR biosensors. By refining the proposed structure to include a ferromagnetic materials nickel and monolayer of graphene with thicknesses of 15 nm and 0.34 nm and a silver layer of 45 nm, respectively, it is possible to increase sensitivity to 266°/RIU. Furthermore, the proposed SPR sensor design has a very small FWHM, a high detection accuracy (DA), and a high-quality factor (QF). Monolayer of graphene with a fixed mono-layer Nickle configuration were found to have the highest sensitivity of 266°/RIU. Additionally, it should be noted that the proposed SPR biosensor exhibits superior performance compared to SPR sensor parameters previously recorded.
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Karunakaran, Chandran, Murugesan Karthikeyan, Marimuthu Dhinesh Kumar, Ganesan Kaniraja i Kalpana Bhargava. "Electrochemical Biosensors for Point of care Applications". Defence Science Journal 70, nr 5 (8.10.2020): 549–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.70.16359.
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Biosensor refers to powerful and innovative analytical tool involving biological sensing element and transducer with broad range of applications, such as diagnosis, drug discovery, biomedicine, food safety and processing, environmental monitoring, security and defense. Recent advances in the field of biotechnology, microelectronics, and nanotechnology have improved the development of biosensors. Glucometers utilizing the electrochemical determination of oxygen or hydrogen peroxide employing immobilised glucose oxidase electrode seeded the discovery and development of biosensors. Molecular recognition based on geometry and forces of interaction play an important role in the biosensor development. The advent of nanotechnology led to highly efficient and sensitive biosensors. They also provide an effective immobilisation matrix for the various bioreceptors. Enzymatic and their mimetic (metalloporphyrin)-based biosensors for reactive oxygen, nitrogen species and cytochrome c will also be discussed. The role of antibodies and their applications in immunosensors development for cytochrome c and superoxide dismutase will be highlighted. The electrochemical biosensors are less expensive, miniaturised and used for point-of-care applications. Further, the fabrication of labVIEW based virtual biosensor instrumentation and microcontroller based portable biosensor for wide variety of applications also devices will be presented.
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Baronas, Romas, Sigitas Būda, Feliksas Ivanauskas i Pranas Vaitkus. "Biosensor response to multi-component mixtures statistical analysis and forecasting". Lietuvos matematikos rinkinys 46 (21.09.2023): 338–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lmr.2006.30739.
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This paper deals with an analysis of the electrochemical biosensors and their response to multi-component mixtures. The main task is to build a mathematical model for estimation the concentration of each mixture component from the biosensor response data. Two different types of biosensors: amperometric and potenciometric are analysed. Due to high dimensionality of biosensor output data the principal component analysis is applied. Additional multivariate analysis of variance is used to analyze the response sensitivity of each biosensor type. Finally a concentration estimation model based on ensemble of neural networks is presented.
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Wang, Yi, Tong Li, Yangfeng Li, Rong Yang i Guangyu Zhang. "2D-Materials-based Wearable Biosensor Systems". Biosensors 12, nr 11 (27.10.2022): 936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12110936.
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As an evolutionary success in life science, wearable biosensor systems, which can monitor human health information and quantify vital signs in real time, have been actively studied. Research in wearable biosensor systems is mainly focused on the design of sensors with various flexible materials. Among them, 2D materials with excellent mechanical, optical, and electrical properties provide the expected characteristics to address the challenges of developing microminiaturized wearable biosensor systems. This review summarizes the recent research progresses in 2D-materials-based wearable biosensors including e-skin, contact lens sensors, and others. Then, we highlight the challenges of flexible power supply technologies for smart systems. The latest advances in biosensor systems involving wearable wristbands, diabetic patches, and smart contact lenses are also discussed. This review will enable a better understanding of the design principle of 2D biosensors, offering insights into innovative technologies for future biosensor systems toward their practical applications.
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Colvin, Lydia, Dandan Tu, Darin Dunlap, Alberto Rios i Gerard Coté. "A Polarity-Sensitive Far-Red Fluorescent Probe for Glucose Sensing through Skin". Biosensors 13, nr 8 (4.08.2023): 788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13080788.
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The field of glucose biosensors for diabetes management has been of great interest over the past 60 years. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is important to continuously track the glucose level to provide better management of the disease. Concanavalin A (ConA) can reversibly bind to glucose and mannose molecules and form a glucose biosensor via competitive binding. Here, we developed a glucose biosensor using ConA and a fluorescent probe, which generated a fluorescent intensity change based on solvatochromism, the reversible change in the emission spectrum dependent on the polarity of the solvent. The direction in which the wavelength shifts as the solvent polarity increases can be defined as positive (red-shift), negative (blue-shift), or a combination of the two, referred to as reverse. To translate this biosensor to a subcutaneously implanted format, Cyanine 5.5 (Cy5.5)-labeled small mannose molecules were used, which allows for the far-red excitation wavelength range to increase the skin penetration depth of the light source and returned emission. Three Cy5.5-labeled small mannose molecules were synthesized and compared when used as the competing ligand in the competitive binding biosensor. We explored the polarity-sensitive nature of the competing ligands and examined the biosensor’s glucose response. Cy5.5-mannotetraose performed best as a biosensor, allowing for the detection of glucose from 25 to 400 mg/dL. Thus, this assay is responsive to glucose within the physiologic range when its concentration is increased to levels needed for an implantable design. The biosensor response is not statistically different when placed under different skin pigmentations when comparing the percent increase in fluorescence intensity. This shows the ability of the biosensor to produce a repeatable signal across the physiologic range for subcutaneous glucose monitoring under various skin tones.
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Kuntoji, Giddaerappa, Naseem Kousar, Shivalingayya Gaddimath i Lokesh Koodlur Sannegowda. "Macromolecule–Nanoparticle-Based Hybrid Materials for Biosensor Applications". Biosensors 14, nr 6 (28.05.2024): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios14060277.
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Biosensors function as sophisticated devices, converting biochemical reactions into electrical signals. Contemporary emphasis on developing biosensor devices with refined sensitivity and selectivity is critical due to their extensive functional capabilities. However, a significant challenge lies in the binding affinity of biosensors to biomolecules, requiring adept conversion and amplification of interactions into various signal modalities like electrical, optical, gravimetric, and electrochemical outputs. Overcoming challenges associated with sensitivity, detection limits, response time, reproducibility, and stability is essential for efficient biosensor creation. The central aspect of the fabrication of any biosensor is focused towards forming an effective interface between the analyte electrode which significantly influences the overall biosensor quality. Polymers and macromolecular systems are favored for their distinct properties and versatile applications. Enhancing the properties and conductivity of these systems can be achieved through incorporating nanoparticles or carbonaceous moieties. Hybrid composite materials, possessing a unique combination of attributes like advanced sensitivity, selectivity, thermal stability, mechanical flexibility, biocompatibility, and tunable electrical properties, emerge as promising candidates for biosensor applications. In addition, this approach enhances the electrochemical response, signal amplification, and stability of fabricated biosensors, contributing to their effectiveness. This review predominantly explores recent advancements in utilizing macrocyclic and macromolecular conjugated systems, such as phthalocyanines, porphyrins, polymers, etc. and their hybrids, with a specific focus on signal amplification in biosensors. It comprehensively covers synthetic strategies, properties, working mechanisms, and the potential of these systems for detecting biomolecules like glucose, hydrogen peroxide, uric acid, ascorbic acid, dopamine, cholesterol, amino acids, and cancer cells. Furthermore, this review delves into the progress made, elucidating the mechanisms responsible for signal amplification. The Conclusion addresses the challenges and future directions of macromolecule-based hybrids in biosensor applications, providing a concise overview of this evolving field. The narrative emphasizes the importance of biosensor technology advancement, illustrating the role of smart design and material enhancement in improving performance across various domains.
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Carpenter, Alexander, Ian Paulsen i Thomas Williams. "Blueprints for Biosensors: Design, Limitations, and Applications". Genes 9, nr 8 (26.07.2018): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes9080375.
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Biosensors are enabling major advances in the field of analytics that are both facilitating and being facilitated by advances in synthetic biology. The ability of biosensors to rapidly and specifically detect a wide range of molecules makes them highly relevant to a range of industrial, medical, ecological, and scientific applications. Approaches to biosensor design are as diverse as their applications, with major biosensor classes including nucleic acids, proteins, and transcription factors. Each of these biosensor types has advantages and limitations based on the intended application, and the parameters that are required for optimal performance. Specifically, the choice of biosensor design must consider factors such as the ligand specificity, sensitivity, dynamic range, functional range, mode of output, time of activation, ease of use, and ease of engineering. This review discusses the rationale for designing the major classes of biosensor in the context of their limitations and assesses their suitability to different areas of biotechnological application.
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Klyuchko, O. M., i P. V. Beloshitsky. "Biosensor concept and data input to biomedical infornation systems". Medical Informatics and Engineering, nr 3 (10.06.2021): 51–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.11603/mie.1996-1960.2020.3.11698.
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Background. In present publication we generalized and analyzed deeply the experience of some biosensors studying in biophysical experiments with aim to incorporate them further to electronic information systems. Output biosensor electrical signals were input ones to electronic information system making their connection into joined bioinformation system. Materials and methods. Methods of comparative analysis of the characteristics of input and output electrical information signals of biosensor were applied; its physical and mathematical models were developed. For biosensor properties studies the methods of transmembrane electric currents recording in voltage-clamp mode as well as patch-clamp on hippocampal neuronal membranes were used. Results. Biosensor concept and their general characteristic were given, corresponding prototypes were observed. The physical model of biosensor was developed and some test results of this device were suggested. The biosensor was examined as abstraction in consistent unity of its functions: signal receiver — filter — analyzer — encoder/decoder. A brief mathematical description of biosensor functioning was given as well as corresponding algorithm. As a result of performed works the possibilities of this biosensor incorporation to bioinformation electronic systems were substantiated and the example of such system «EcoIS» was observed. Conclusion. In conclusion following results of the works were summarized. The detailed description of technical devices — biosensors as elements of biomedical information systems were done as well as analysis of electrical information signals at output of biosensor, its ability to encode information and detailed analysis of the possibility to incorporate this biotechnical device into electronic information systems due to biosensor output electricals signals.
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Vinay Kumar, Javalkar, Shylashree N, Seema Srinivas, Ajit Khosla, Hari Krishna R i Manjunatha C. "Review on Biosensors: Fundamentals, Classifications, Characteristics, Simulations, and Potential Applications". ECS Transactions 107, nr 1 (24.04.2022): 13005–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.13005ecst.
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Biosensor is a device which combines a physical transducer and biological active elements. The biological active element recognizes the specific analyte and produces biorecognized signal, which is further converted into a measurable signal by using an appropriate physical transducer. This review paper attempts in providing a comprehensive survey of the topic biosensor and due to its selectivity and sensitivity, biosensors are mostly widely used than other diagnostic devices. Because of its important features like selectivity, sensitivity, stability, reproducibility, linearity, and low cost, biosensors have a wide range of applications. This range includes their usage in disease detection, environmental monitoring, drug discovery, prosthetic devices, food safety, agricultural industry, and many more. Furthermore, this review discusses the various biosensors and its operations. Afterwards, with a summarized history of biosensors, further prospects have been described to present the usage of nanomaterials in biosensors. Various simulation software used to design the biosensor model are discussed in the end of the review.
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Mohammadpour-Haratbar, Ali, Seyyed Behnam Abdollahi Boraei, Yasser Zare, Kyong Yop Rhee i Soo-Jin Park. "Graphene-Based Electrochemical Biosensors for Breast Cancer Detection". Biosensors 13, nr 1 (3.01.2023): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13010080.
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Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women, which is also the second most public cancer worldwide. When detected early, BC can be treated more easily and prevented from spreading beyond the breast. In recent years, various BC biosensor strategies have been studied, including optical, electrical, electrochemical, and mechanical biosensors. In particular, the high sensitivity and short detection time of electrochemical biosensors make them suitable for the recognition of BC biomarkers. Moreover, the sensitivity of the electrochemical biosensor can be increased by incorporating nanomaterials. In this respect, the outstanding mechanical and electrical performances of graphene have led to an increasingly intense study of graphene-based materials for BC electrochemical biosensors. Hence, the present review examines the latest advances in graphene-based electrochemical biosensors for BC biosensing. For each biosensor, the detection limit (LOD), linear range (LR), and diagnosis technique are analyzed. This is followed by a discussion of the prospects and current challenges, along with potential strategies for enhancing the performance of electrochemical biosensors.
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McCourt, Kelli M., Jarad Cochran, Sabah M. Abdelbasir, Elizabeth R. Carraway, Tzuen-Rong J. Tzeng, Olga V. Tsyusko i Diana C. Vanegas. "Potential Environmental and Health Implications from the Scaled-Up Production and Disposal of Nanomaterials Used in Biosensors". Biosensors 12, nr 12 (25.11.2022): 1082. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12121082.
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Biosensors often combine biological recognition elements with nanomaterials of varying compositions and dimensions to facilitate or enhance the operating mechanism of the device. While incorporating nanomaterials is beneficial to developing high-performance biosensors, at the stages of scale-up and disposal, it may lead to the unmanaged release of toxic nanomaterials. Here we attempt to foster connections between the domains of biosensors development and human and environmental toxicology to encourage a holistic approach to the development and scale-up of biosensors. We begin by exploring the toxicity of nanomaterials commonly used in biosensor design. From our analysis, we introduce five factors with a role in nanotoxicity that should be considered at the biosensor development stages to better manage toxicity. Finally, we contextualize the discussion by presenting the relevant stages and routes of exposure in the biosensor life cycle. Our review found little consensus on how the factors presented govern nanomaterial toxicity, especially in composite and alloyed nanomaterials. To bridge the current gap in understanding and mitigate the risks of uncontrolled nanomaterial release, we advocate for greater collaboration through a precautionary One Health approach to future development and a movement towards a circular approach to biosensor use and disposal.
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Zhang, Lili, Jian Liu, Zhenling Fu i Liguo Qi. "A Wearable Biosensor Based on Bienzyme Gel-Membrane for Sweat Lactate Monitoring by Mounting on Eyeglasses". Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, nr 3 (1.03.2020): 1495–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.16952.
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A new enzymatic biosensor worn on eyeglasses has been developed for low-noise and noninvasive determination of lactate in human sweat during physical exercise. The Os (osmium)-complex, the electron mediator between the enzyme and the electrode, was first immobilized on a flexibly printed carbon electrode. Then, a gel membrane with the stereoscopic reticular structure of lactate oxidase and horseradish peroxidase was casted on the electrode to form the biosensor. Linearity of the biosensor was observed for up to 25 mM lactate in a phosphate buffered solution of pH 7.0. Chemical selectivity was evaluated by adding common interferent species such as ascorbic acid, glucose and uric acid to the lactate. The negligible current interference indicated excellent discriminatory selectivity of the biosensor. Applied to an analysis of the real sweat lactate dynamics of healthy subjects during cycling exercise, the amperometric profiles of the biosensors reflected changes in sweat lactate that depended on physical exercise intensity. Compared with other reported epidermal biosensors attached to the arm or leg, our biosensor not only exhibited a similar current change tendency but also rarely suffered from deformational interference due to their forehead measurement position. Such a successful application of real-time monitoring of sweat lactate means that eyeglass-bound biosensors hold considerable promise in the physical exercise and biomedical fields.
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Kumar, Mohit, Khem B. Thapa i Pawan Singh. "Long-range surface plasmon resonance biosensors with cytop/Al/Perovskite and cytop/Al/MoS2 configurations". Physica Scripta 97, nr 5 (28.03.2022): 055501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ac5e5b.
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Abstract In this paper, long range surface plasmon resonance (LRSPR) biosensors with cytop/Al/Perovskite and cytop/Al/MoS2 configurations have been theoretically investigated and compared with standard LRSPR biosensor with cytop/Al/graphene configuration. To calculate the optical properties of considered configurations for the desired application, transfer matrix method for TM mode has been used to obtain reflectance. The sensitivity of the considered configurations for designed biosensors has been investigated with variation of optical parameters of the structure. A new configuration of LRSPR biosensors based on Al- MoS2 or Al-Perovskite has been proposed to enhance sensitivity, detection accuracy, and efficiency. The maximum value of sensitivity of the proposed Al-Perovskite based LRSPR biosensor is found to be 4847 RIU−1. Moreover, the sensitivity of Al-MoS2 and Al-Peroskite based LRSPR biosensors show nearly 10% and nearly 30% more optical responses respectively than the Al-graphene based LRSPR biosensor.
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Rho, Donggee, Caitlyn Breaux i Seunghyun Kim. "Label-Free Optical Resonator-Based Biosensors". Sensors 20, nr 20 (19.10.2020): 5901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20205901.
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The demand for biosensor technology has grown drastically over the last few decades, mainly in disease diagnosis, drug development, and environmental health and safety. Optical resonator-based biosensors have been widely exploited to achieve highly sensitive, rapid, and label-free detection of biological analytes. The advancements in microfluidic and micro/nanofabrication technologies allow them to be miniaturized and simultaneously detect various analytes in a small sample volume. By virtue of these advantages and advancements, the optical resonator-based biosensor is considered a promising platform not only for general medical diagnostics but also for point-of-care applications. This review aims to provide an overview of recent progresses in label-free optical resonator-based biosensors published mostly over the last 5 years. We categorized them into Fabry-Perot interferometer-based and whispering gallery mode-based biosensors. The principles behind each biosensor are concisely introduced, and recent progresses in configurations, materials, test setup, and light confinement methods are described. Finally, the current challenges and future research topics of the optical resonator-based biosensor are discussed.
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Teh, Yijun, Asral Bahari Jambek i Uda Hashim. "The latest trend in nano-bio sensor signal analysis". Sensor Review 36, nr 3 (20.06.2016): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-08-2015-0132.
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Purpose This paper aims to discuss a nanoscale biosensor and its signal analysis algorithms. Design/methodology/approach In this work, five nanoscale biosensors are reviewed, namely, silicon nanowire field-effect-transistor biosensors, polysilicon nanogap capacitive biosensors, nanotube amperometric biosensors, gold nanoparticle-based electrochemical biosensors and quantum dot-based electrochemical biosensors. Findings Each biosensor produces a different output signal depending on its electrical characteristics. Five signal analysers are studied, with most of the existing signal analyser analyses based on the amplitude of the signal. Based on the analysis, auto-threshold peak detection is proposed for further work. Originality/value Suitability of the signal processing algorithm to be applied to nano-biosensors was reported.
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Werlen, Christoph, Marco C. M. Jaspers i Jan Roelof van der Meer. "Measurement of Biologically Available Naphthalene in Gas and Aqueous Phases by Use of a Pseudomonas putida Biosensor". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, nr 1 (styczeń 2004): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.1.43-51.2004.
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ABSTRACT Genetically constructed microbial biosensors for measuring organic pollutants are mostly applied in aqueous samples. Unfortunately, the detection limit of most biosensors is insufficient to detect pollutants at low but environmentally relevant concentrations. However, organic pollutants with low levels of water solubility often have significant gas-water partitioning coefficients, which in principle makes it possible to measure such compounds in the gas rather than the aqueous phase. Here we describe the first use of a microbial biosensor for measuring organic pollutants directly in the gas phase. For this purpose, we reconstructed a bioluminescent Pseudomonas putida naphthalene biosensor strain to carry the NAH7 plasmid and a chromosomally inserted gene fusion between the sal promoter and the luxAB genes. Specific calibration studies were performed with suspended and filter-immobilized biosensor cells, in aqueous solution and in the gas phase. Gas phase measurements with filter-immobilized biosensor cells in closed flasks, with a naphthalene-contaminated aqueous phase, showed that the biosensor cells can measure naphthalene effectively. The biosensor cells on the filter responded with increasing light output proportional to the naphthalene concentration added to the water phase, even though only a small proportion of the naphthalene was present in the gas phase. In fact, the biosensor cells could concentrate a larger proportion of naphthalene through the gas phase than in the aqueous suspension, probably due to faster transport of naphthalene to the cells in the gas phase. This led to a 10-fold lower detectable aqueous naphthalene concentration (50 nM instead of 0.5 μM). Thus, the use of bacterial biosensors for measuring organic pollutants in the gas phase is a valid method for increasing the sensitivity of these valuable biological devices.
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Hamidi, Hassan, i Daniela Iacopino. "Engineering a Fully Biodegradable Multiplexed Biosensing Platforms Based on Chitosan Lignin Composites to Detect Biomarkers". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, nr 63 (22.12.2023): 3022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02633022mtgabs.
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Over the past decade, there have been significant advancements in wearable biosensors to fulfil the increasing need for rapid, personalized, non-invasive, and point-of-care monitoring. Nonetheless, with the prevalence and ubiquity of smart sensors, it is crucial to take into account the environmental consequences that may arise due to their extensive use1. Recently, there has been growing interest in using natural platforms for the development of biosensors that can also detect multiple biomarkers simultaneously2. Among verities of natural materials, chitosan and its derivatives are promising due to their biodegradability and sustainability. Additionally, the composition of these biopolymers could be easily tuned using other natural materials to meet any specific requirements for developing biosensors. Crucially, chitosan-based films are graphitisable by direct laser writing, as recently demonstrated by our group3. Recently we have successfully developed an electrochemical glucose biosensor based on pure chitosan based bioplastic film4. Although the proposed biosensor showed satisfactory characteristics, it can only be used as a disposable biosensor due to the solubility of chitosan films in water. Therefore, in order to extend the applicability of these platform especially for wearable purposes it is necessary to improve its water resistivity by introducing other natural components to its matrix. Due to its hydrophobic nature, lignin could be an excellent choice in order to overcome this drawback of pure chitosan films. Therefore, in this work, firstly, composites of chitosan and lignin were prepared. The formulations of the precursors in initial solutions were altered and optimized. Then, the electrical, electrochemical and spectral properties of the prepared bioplastic based films were investigated. Moreover, the mechanical stability, strength as well as water resistivity of the films were evaluated. Then, a glucose biosensor were constructed on optimized bioplastic platforms derived from natural precursors. The analytical features of the biosensor were evaluated in both phosphate buffer and artificial sweat. The proposed biosensor presented good stability for determination of glucose in both media compared to pure chitosan based biosensors. References: (1) Chen, S.; Qi, J.; Fan, S.; Qiao, Z.; Yeo, J. C.; Lim, C. T. Flexible Wearable Sensors for Cardiovascular Health Monitoring. Adv. Healthc. Mater. 2021, 10 (17), 2100116. https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202100116. (2) Li, M.; Wang, L.; Liu, R.; Li, J.; Zhang, Q.; Shi, G.; Li, Y.; Hou, C.; Wang, H. A Highly Integrated Sensing Paper for Wearable Electrochemical Sweat Analysis. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2021, 174, 112828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2020.112828. (3) Larrigy, C.; Burke, M.; Imbrogno, A.; Vaughan, E.; Santillo, C.; Lavorgna, M.; Sygellou, L.; Paterakis, G.; Galiotis, C.; Iacopino, D.; Quinn, A. J. Porous 3D Graphene from Sustainable Materials: Laser Graphitization of Chitosan. Adv. Mater. Technol. 2023, 8 (4), 2201228. https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202201228. (4) Hamidi, H; Levieux, J.; Larrigy, C; Russo, A.; Vaughan, E.; Murray, R. Quinn, A. J.; Iacopino, D. Laser Induced Graphene (LIG) Biosensors Derived from Chitosan: Towards Sustaiable and Green Electronics (Submitted to Journal).
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Choudhury, Sagarika, Krishna Lal Baishnab, Koushik Guha, Zoran Jakšić, Olga Jakšić i Jacopo Iannacci. "Modeling and Simulation of a TFET-Based Label-Free Biosensor with Enhanced Sensitivity". Chemosensors 11, nr 5 (22.05.2023): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11050312.
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This study discusses the use of a triple material gate (TMG) junctionless tunnel field-effect transistor (JLTFET) as a biosensor to identify different protein molecules. Among the plethora of existing types of biosensors, FET/TFET-based devices are fully compatible with conventional integrated circuits. JLTFETs are preferred over TFETs and JLFETs because of their ease of fabrication and superior biosensing performance. Biomolecules are trapped by cavities etched across the gates. An analytical mathematical model of a TMG asymmetrical hetero-dielectric JLTFET biosensor is derived here for the first time. The TCAD simulator is used to examine the performance of a dielectrically modulated label-free biosensor. The voltage and current sensitivity of the device and the effects of the cavity size, bioanalyte electric charge, fill factor, and location on the performance of the biosensor are also investigated. The relative current sensitivity of the biosensor is found to be about 1013. Besides showing an enhanced sensitivity compared with other FET- and TFET-based biosensors, the device proves itself convenient for low-power applications, thus opening up numerous directions for future research and applications.
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Liu, Yamei, Qiwen Zheng, Hongxia Yuan, Shenping Wang, Keqiang Yin, Xiaoyu Dai, Xiao Zou i Leyong Jiang. "High Sensitivity Terahertz Biosensor Based on Mode Coupling of a Graphene/Bragg Reflector Hybrid Structure". Biosensors 11, nr 10 (8.10.2021): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11100377.
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In this work, a high-sensitivity terahertz (THz) biosensor is achieved by using a graphene/Bragg reflector hybrid structure. This high-sensitivity THz biosensor is developed from the sharp Fano resonance transmission peak created by coupling the graphene Tamm plasmons (GTPs) mode to a defect mode. It is found that the proposed THz biosensor is highly sensitive to the Fermi energy of graphene, as well as the thickness and refractive index of the sensing medium. Through specific parameter settings, the composite structure can achieve both a liquid biosensor and a gas biosensor. For the liquid biosensor, the maximum sensitivity of > 1000 °/RIU is obtained by selecting appropriate parameters. We believe the proposed layered hybrid structure has the potential to fabricate graphene-based high-sensitivity biosensors.
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Lang, Yiqian. "Application performance of silicon-based different biosensors". Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 99 (18.06.2024): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/gpddvh19.
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Biosensor is the equipment for biomolecules detection and it has been widely applied in a diverse of different fields such as disease diagnosis and harmful substance detection. Introducing different types of functional materials into biosensor can give it unique characteristics such as high sensitivity and high selectivity. Silicon, carbon nanotubes, gold, graphene and platinum are all trending materials for designing biosensors. Silicon is a non-toxic material that is commonly used as an element for biosensors. Different types of silicon-based functional materials have also been developed, where these silicon-based biosensors can provide more sensitive, specific and easy sensing. This research describes the detection performance of several silicon-based biosensors and discuss their advantages and disadvantages from the experimental results. In addition, this research will give a description of their applications and future development prospects. As the study of silicon-based biosensor get more deeper, it has great potential used in clinical or medical analysis.
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Damborský, Pavel, Juraj Švitel i Jaroslav Katrlík. "Optical biosensors". Essays in Biochemistry 60, nr 1 (30.06.2016): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/ebc20150010.
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Optical biosensors represent the most common type of biosensor. Here we provide a brief classification, a description of underlying principles of operation and their bioanalytical applications. The main focus is placed on the most widely used optical biosensors which are surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based biosensors including SPR imaging and localized SPR. In addition, other optical biosensor systems are described, such as evanescent wave fluorescence and bioluminescent optical fibre biosensors, as well as interferometric, ellipsometric and reflectometric interference spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman scattering biosensors. The optical biosensors discussed here allow the sensitive and selective detection of a wide range of analytes including viruses, toxins, drugs, antibodies, tumour biomarkers and tumour cells.
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Tang, Longteng, Shuce Zhang, Yufeng Zhao, Nikita D. Rozanov, Liangdong Zhu, Jiahui Wu, Robert E. Campbell i Chong Fang. "Switching between Ultrafast Pathways Enables a Green-Red Emission Ratiometric Fluorescent-Protein-Based Ca2+ Biosensor". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, nr 1 (5.01.2021): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010445.
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Ratiometric indicators with long emission wavelengths are highly preferred in modern bioimaging and life sciences. Herein, we elucidated the working mechanism of a standalone red fluorescent protein (FP)-based Ca2+ biosensor, REX-GECO1, using a series of spectroscopic and computational methods. Upon 480 nm photoexcitation, the Ca2+-free biosensor chromophore becomes trapped in an excited dark state. Binding with Ca2+ switches the route to ultrafast excited-state proton transfer through a short hydrogen bond to an adjacent Glu80 residue, which is key for the biosensor’s functionality. Inspired by the 2D-fluorescence map, REX-GECO1 for Ca2+ imaging in the ionomycin-treated human HeLa cells was achieved for the first time with a red/green emission ratio change (ΔR/R0) of ~300%, outperforming many FRET- and single FP-based indicators. These spectroscopy-driven discoveries enable targeted design for the next-generation biosensors with larger dynamic range and longer emission wavelengths.
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Falkowski, Pawel, Piotr Mrozek, Zenon Lukaszewski, Lukasz Oldak i Ewa Gorodkiewicz. "An Immunosensor for the Determination of Cathepsin S in Blood Plasma by Array SPRi—A Comparison of Analytical Properties of Silver–Gold and Pure Gold Chips". Biosensors 11, nr 9 (27.08.2021): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11090298.
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The array SPR imaging (SPRi) technique is well suited to the determination of biomarkers in body fluids, called liquid biopsy. No signal enhancement or analyte preconcentration is required. With the aim of achieving signal enhancement and lowering the cost of a single determination, the replacement of gold-covered chips by silver–gold chips was investigated. The aim of this work was to investigate the analytical characteristics of a biosensor formed on a Ag/Au chip and to compare them with those of a biosensor formed on a gold chip. A biosensor for the determination of cathepsin S (Cath S) was chosen as an example. The biosensor consisted of the linker cysteamine and an immobilized rat monoclonal antibody specific for cathepsin S. Both biosensors exhibited a Langmuirian response to Cath S concentration, with linear response ranging from LOQ to 1.5 ng mL−1. The LOQ is 0.1 ng mL−1 for the biosensor formed on the Ag/Au chip, and 0.22 ng mL−1 for that formed on the gold chip. Recoveries and precision for medium and high Cath S concentrations were acceptable for both biosensors, i.e., precision better than 10% and recoveries within the range 102–105%. However, the results for the lowest Cath S concentration were better for the biosensor formed on the Ag/Au chip (9.4 and 106% for precision and recovery, respectively). Generally, no significant differences in analytical characteristics were observed between the Ag/Au and Au chips. The two biosensors were also compared in the determination of Cath S in real samples. Nine plasma samples from healthy donors and nine from patients with ovarian cancer were analyzed for Cath S concentration with the biosensors formed on Ag/Au and Au chips. The results obtained with the two biosensors were very similar and show no significant differences on the Bland–Altman plot. The Cath S concentration in the blood plasma of ovarian cancer patients was elevated by one order of magnitude as compared with the control (12.6 ± 3.6 vs. 1.6 ± 1.2 ng mL−1).
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Gómez-Gómez, Maribel, Ángela Ruiz-Tórtola, Daniel González-Lucas, María-José Bañuls i Jaime García-Rupérez. "New Method for Online Regeneration of Silicon-Based Nanophotonic Biosensors". Proceedings 4, nr 1 (14.11.2018): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsa-5-05741.
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The optimal development of biosensors is a costly and time-consuming task, since an enormous amount of experiments is required. Therefore, the possibility of reusing the biosensors is highly desirable. In this work, a protocol based on the use of formamide for the regeneration of nanophotonic biosensors used for oligonucleotides detection is presented. This protocol was carried out online using the microfluidic system used to drive the target samples to the nanophotonic biosensor, thus allowing the possibility of running several experiments in a row using the same biosensor.
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Pohanka, Miroslav, i Jitka Zakova. "A Butyrylcholinesterase Camera Biosensor Tested for Carbofuran and Paraoxon Assay". International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2022 (7.04.2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2623155.
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Biosensors containing cholinesterase are analytical devices suitable for the assay of neurotoxic compounds. In the research on biosensors, a new platform has appeared some years ago. It is the digital photography and scoring of coloration (photogrammetry). In this paper, a colorimetric biosensor is constructed using 3D-printed multiwell pads treated with indoxylacetate as a chromogenic substrate and gold nanoparticles with the immobilized enzyme butyrylcholinesterase. A smartphone camera served for photogrammetry. The biosensor was tested for the assay of carbofuran and paraoxon ethyl as two types of covalently binding inhibitors: irreversible and pseudoirreversible. The biosensor exerted good sensitivity to the inhibitors and was able to detect carbofuran with a limit of detection for carbofuran 7.7 nmol/l and 17.6 nmol/l for paraoxon ethyl. A sample sized 25 μl was suitable for the assay lasting approximately 70 minutes. Up to 121 samples can be measured contemporary using one multiwell pad. The received data fully correlated with the standard spectrophotometry. The colorimetric biosensor exerts promising specifications and appears to be competitive to the other analytical procedures working on the principle of cholinesterase inhibition. Low-cost, simple, and portable design represent an advantage of the assay of the biosensor. Despite the overall simplicity, the biosensor can fully replace the standard spectroscopic methods.
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Saha, Soumyadeep, Manoj Sachdev i Sushanta K. Mitra. "Recent advances in label-free optical, electrochemical, and electronic biosensors for glioma biomarkers". Biomicrofluidics 17, nr 1 (styczeń 2023): 011502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0135525.
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Gliomas are the most commonly occurring primary brain tumor with poor prognosis and high mortality rate. Currently, the diagnostic and monitoring options for glioma mainly revolve around imaging techniques, which often provide limited information and require supervisory expertise. Liquid biopsy is a great alternative or complementary monitoring protocol that can be implemented along with other standard diagnosis protocols. However, standard detection schemes for sampling and monitoring biomarkers in different biological fluids lack the necessary sensitivity and ability for real-time analysis. Lately, biosensor-based diagnostic and monitoring technology has attracted significant attention due to several advantageous features, including high sensitivity and specificity, high-throughput analysis, minimally invasive, and multiplexing ability. In this review article, we have focused our attention on glioma and presented a literature survey summarizing the diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers associated with glioma. Further, we discussed different biosensory approaches reported to date for the detection of specific glioma biomarkers. Current biosensors demonstrate high sensitivity and specificity, which can be used for point-of-care devices or liquid biopsies. However, for real clinical applications, these biosensors lack high-throughput and multiplexed analysis, which can be achieved via integration with microfluidic systems. We shared our perspective on the current state-of-the-art different biosensor-based diagnostic and monitoring technologies reported and the future research scopes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review focusing on biosensors for glioma detection, and it is anticipated that the review will offer a new pathway for the development of such biosensors and related diagnostic platforms.
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Pranolo, Sunu Herwi, Joko Waluyo, Royhan Ikbar, Ramanda Ayu Damayanthy, Septy Lestary i Muhammad Luqman Qadarusman. "Application of Nanocrystal Cellulose Based on Empty Palm Oil Fruit Bunch as Glucose Biosensing". ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering 23, nr 3 (29.12.2023): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ajche.83422.
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Abstract. Biosensors for glucose sensing purposes are important since diabetes is a worldwide disease. One of the components of glucose biosensors is cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). CNCs are cellulose derivatives that could be extracted from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB). Indonesia has a high potential for OPEFB due to its abundance of resources. CNCs have poor conductivity as biosensors, so adding supporting electro-conductor components such as graphene and carbon nanotubes (G-CNT) is necessary. In this research, the amount of bleaching agent of H2O2 in CNCs extraction varies between 1.5% and 10%, and the portion of CNCs in the composite varies between 5%, 15%, and 30%. The purpose of this research is to create an optimum biosensor composite based on its CNCs quality through particle size analysis (PSA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests followed by cyclic voltammetry to determine biosensor’s impedance, limit of detection (LOD), and performance stability. Fourier transform infra red (FTIR) tests are also conducted as process control. The research shows the success of delignification in CNC extraction based on FTIR. Crystallinity enhancement up to 51% as delignification using 1.5% and 10% H2O2 yields CNC with a crystallinity index of 87.1% and 94.0%. The average size of CNCs with delignification by 1.5% and 10% H2O2 are 640.0 nm and 579.8 nm, respectively. Results of testing the biosensor glucose G-CNT/CNC showed the best composition is 5% CNCs that using 10% H2O2 which the highest oxidation peak is 0.00205 A and reduction peak is -0.00223 A. Data of variance composition show the difference of the data is significant by using ANOVA SPSS Test. The biosensor has an accuracy of 83.2% in a test for diabetic urine.
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Insawang, Mekhala, Kongphope Chaarmart i Tosawat Seetawan. "Development of Biosensors for Ethanol Gas Detection". Instrumentation Mesure Métrologie 21, nr 2 (30.04.2022): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/i2m.210203.
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This work developed a biosensor for the measurement of ethanol gas in the air. The biosensors were synthesized by mixing signal layer materials containing SiO2 and polyimide (PI) substrates using the enzyme Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH) and coenzyme Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) as a biosensor. The electrodes were coated on biosensors by DC magnetron sputtering method for test the response performance of the developed biosensors. The ADH/NAD+ was immobilized on the Ag electrode by Glutaric dialaehyde 25 wt. % cross-linking procedure. It was found that, alcohol biosensors can be exhibited sensing ethanol gas at even low concentrations from 300 ppb to very high concentrations up to 1900 ppm, response time 3 s, recovery times 1-2 minutes and good sensitivity. The SiO2 substrate has excellent, which provides significant advantages for wearable electronic device that compact, easy to use and reduce direct contact with alcoholics. The alcohol biosensors can adoption in next generation to other electronic devices, because easy to integrate, such as a module alcohol biosensor with wireless or the fabrication of the RCL circuit. Furthermore, the alcohol biosensors based on SiO2/Ag/ADH, PI/Ag/ADH is artificial intelligence strategy for stable practical wearable electronic devices.
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Hao, Haitao. "Optimization Design of Electrochemical Biosensors Based on Gold Nanomaterials". Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters 12, nr 9 (1.09.2020): 1079–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/nnl.2020.3219.
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At present, chemical biosensors still have poor reproducibility and stability due to that the density of nanomaterials particles is not ideal. Therefore, an optimal design method of electrochemical biosensor based on gold nanomaterials is proposed. Two types of sensors, namely DNA biosensor and immune biosensor, were designed in this work. A DNA biosensor with gold nanorod nanocomposite modified electrode was prepared, and its electrical activity was measured by Methylene blue. In contrast, an electrochemical immune sensor with gold nanorod-modified electrode was prepared and used for detection of alpha fetoprotein. The experimental results show that the designed DNA biosensor and electrochemical immune sensor have the advantages of simple preparation, high sensitivity, good selectivity and good stability.
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Chou, Jung-Chuan, Cian-Yi Wu, Si-Hong Lin, Po-Yu Kuo, Chih-Hsien Lai, Yu-Hsun Nien, You-Xiang Wu i Tsu-Yang Lai. "The Analysis of the Urea Biosensors Using Different Sensing Matrices via Wireless Measurement System & Microfluidic Measurement System". Sensors 19, nr 13 (8.07.2019): 3004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19133004.
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Two types of urea biosensors were integrated with a wireless measurement system and microfluidic measurement system. The two biosensors used were (i) a magnetic beads (MBs)-urease/graphene oxide (GO)/titanium dioxide (TiO2)-based biosensor and (ii) an MBs-urease/GO/ nickel oxide (NiO)-based biosensor, respectively. The wireless measurement system work exhibited the feasibility for the remote detection of urea, but it will require refinement and modification to improve stability and precision. The microchannel fluidic system showed the measurement reliability. The sensing properties of urea biosensors at different flow rates were investigated. From the measurement results, the decay of average sensitivity may be attributed to the induced vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) at the high flow rate. In the aspect of wireless monitoring, the average sensitivity of the urea biosensor based on MBs-urease/GO/NiO was 4.780 mV/(mg/dl) and with the linearity of 0.938. In the aspect of measurement under dynamic conditions, the average sensitivity of the urea biosensor based on MBs-urease/GO/NiO were 5.582 mV/(mg/dl) and with the linearity of 0.959. Both measurements performed NiO was better than TiO2 according to the comparisons.