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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Biopolymer Gels"

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Clark, Allan H. "Biopolymer gels". Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science 1, nr 6 (grudzień 1996): 712–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-0294(96)80072-0.

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Zasypkin, D. V., E. E. Braudo i V. B. Tolstoguzov. "Multicomponent biopolymer gels". Food Hydrocolloids 11, nr 2 (kwiecień 1997): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0268-005x(97)80023-9.

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Stading, Mats, Maud Langton i Anne-Marie Hermansson. "Inhomogeneous biopolymer gels". Makromolekulare Chemie. Macromolecular Symposia 76, nr 1 (listopad 1993): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.19930760138.

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da Luz, Tayla Gabriela, Valber Sales i Raquel Dalla Costa da Rocha. "Evaluation of technology potential of Aloe arborescens biopolymer in galvanic effluent treatment". Water Science and Technology 2017, nr 1 (23.02.2018): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.082.

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Abstract Biopolymers have the ability to form gels that can be used in coagulation/flocculation processes. For this reason, the present work evaluated the application of the Aloe arborescens gel as a biopolymer in the treatment of the effluent generated in galvanic processes. The centesimal, thermogravimetric and texture profiles, as well as the functional groups and the biopolymer's performance in the treatment was analyzed. The performance results were evaluated by central composite rotational design 23. The variables biopolymer concentration, aluminum sulphate and initial pH of the effluent were significant at the confidence level of 95%. The Cr(VI) removal efficiency ranged from 6.37% to 37.74%; significant reductions in dissolved solids (89.80% to 94.13%) and suspended solids (71.06% to 90.00%) were also observed. The treated effluent still presents parameters above the regulatory limits stated by the legislation, therefore, the biopolymer could be used as initial treatment for solids removal.
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Silva, Karen Cristina Guedes, i Ana Carla Kawazoe Sato. "Biopolymer gels containing fructooligosaccharides". Food Research International 101 (listopad 2017): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2017.08.042.

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Ilić-Stojanović, Snežana, Ljubiša Nikolić i Suzana Cakić. "A Review of Patents and Innovative Biopolymer-Based Hydrogels". Gels 9, nr 7 (7.07.2023): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9070556.

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Biopolymers represent a great resource for the development and utilization of new functional materials due to their particular advantages such as biocompatibility, biodegradability and non-toxicity. “Intelligent gels” sensitive to different stimuli (temperature, pH, ionic strength) have different applications in many industries (e.g., pharmacy, biomedicine, food). This review summarizes the research efforts presented in the patent and non-patent literature. A discussion was conducted regarding biopolymer-based hydrogels such as natural proteins (i.e., fibrin, silk fibroin, collagen, keratin, gelatin) and polysaccharides (i.e., chitosan, hyaluronic acid, cellulose, carrageenan, alginate). In this analysis, the latest advances in the modification and characterization of advanced biopolymeric formulations and their state-of-the-art administration in drug delivery, wound healing, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine were addressed.
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Lee, Jae-Ho, John P. Gustin, Tianhong Chen, Gregory F. Payne i Srinivasa R. Raghavan. "Vesicle−Biopolymer Gels: Networks of Surfactant Vesicles Connected by Associating Biopolymers". Langmuir 21, nr 1 (styczeń 2005): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la048194+.

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Jones, Christopher A. R., Matthew Cibula, Jingchen Feng, Emma A. Krnacik, David H. McIntyre, Herbert Levine i Bo Sun. "Micromechanics of cellularized biopolymer networks". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, nr 37 (31.08.2015): E5117—E5122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1509663112.

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Collagen gels are widely used in experiments on cell mechanics because they mimic the extracellular matrix in physiological conditions. Collagen gels are often characterized by their bulk rheology; however, variations in the collagen fiber microstructure and cell adhesion forces cause the mechanical properties to be inhomogeneous at the cellular scale. We study the mechanics of type I collagen on the scale of tens to hundreds of microns by using holographic optical tweezers to apply pN forces to microparticles embedded in the collagen fiber network. We find that in response to optical forces, particle displacements are inhomogeneous, anisotropic, and asymmetric. Gels prepared at 21 °C and 37 °C show qualitative difference in their micromechanical characteristics. We also demonstrate that contracting cells remodel the micromechanics of their surrounding extracellular matrix in a strain- and distance-dependent manner. To further understand the micromechanics of cellularized extracellular matrix, we have constructed a computational model which reproduces the main experiment findings.
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Lips, A., P. M. Hart i A. H. Clark. "Compressive de-swelling of biopolymer gels". Food Hydrocolloids 2, nr 2 (czerwiec 1988): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0268-005x(88)80012-2.

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Picout, David R., i Simon B. Ross-Murphy. "Rheology of Biopolymer Solutions and Gels". Scientific World JOURNAL 3 (2003): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2003.15.

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Rheological techniques and methods have been employed for many decades in the characterization of polymers. Originally developed and used on synthetic polymers, rheology has then found much interest in the field of natural (bio) polymers. This review concentrates on introducing the fundamentals of rheology and on discussing the rheological aspects and properties of the two major classes of biopolymers: polysaccharides and proteins. An overview of both their solution properties (dilute to semi-dilute) and gel properties is described.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Biopolymer Gels"

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Hasnain, Imran Ali. "Measurement of anisotropy in biopolymer gels via microrheology". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612871.

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Tobitani, Atsumi. "Rheological and structural studies of biopolymer gels and gelation". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338701.

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Ng, Karen Kailin. "Collagen scaffolds and injectable biopolymer gels for cardiac tissue engineering". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/75848.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, February 2012.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. ).
Three-dimensional biomaterial scaffolds have begun to shown promise for cell delivery for cardiac tissue engineering. Although various polymers and material forms have been explored, there is a need for: injectable gels that meet certain design specifications; a more indepth characterization of the scaffold properties; and a deeper understanding of the relation of select properties to cellular behavior, to provide a rational basis for future in vivo studies. The first objective of this thesis was to develop and characterize novel injectable biopolymer hydrogels capable of safely undergoing covalent cross-linking in vivo to provide a mechanically tunable nanofibrillar scaffold. Soluble type I collagen gels with genipin and transglutaminase cross-linkers, and gelatin-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid (Gtn-HPA) gels, the cross-linking of which are modulated by horse radish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide, were investigated. The gels were characterized on the basis of rheological properties, resistance to degradation, and effects on stem cell behavior. Another objective was to evaluate the simultaneous differentiation of embryonic carcinoma cells (ECCs) incorporated in the gels into the three cell types in cardiac tissue -- cardiomyocytes, neural cells, and vascular endothelial cells -- and to determine the effects of certain properties of the gels on the differentiation profile, using mesenchymal stem cells as a comparative control. The injectable collagen-genipin and Gtn-HPA gels were found to be mechanically tunable hydrogel systems that supported cell encapsulation and proliferation at safe concentrations of the respective cross-linking agents. ECCs cultured as embryoid bodies (EBs) incorporated in the collagen-genipin and Gtn-HPA gels differentiated into cardiac, neural, and endothelial cells and combinations thereof, demonstrating the capability of EBs to express multiple cell lineages within the same EB. EBs cultured in collagen gels without cross-linkers and collagen gels with 0.25 mM genipin exhibited the highest differentiation efficiency compared to those cultured in monolayer, sponge-like scaffolds, and Gtn-HPA gels. The differentiation medium and culture time also had significant effects on differentiation efficiency. Notable findings included: the increased expression of neural and endothelial markers in EBs cultured in in mixed medium conditions compared to those cultured in neural or endothelial differentiation medium alone, and the correlation between angiogenic and neurogenic differentiation in the EBs in the non-cross-linked collagen gels for all media. Collectively, these findings show promise in using collagen gels cross-linked with 0.25 mM genipin, incorporated with EBs, for cellular therapy in cardiac tissue engineering applications.
by Karen Kailin Ng.
Ph.D.
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Paterson, Ronald S. "Biopolymer floating raft formation and their use as drug delivery platforms". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273341.

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Pettignano, Asja. "Alginate : a versatile biopolymer for functional advanced materials". Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENCM0004.

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Les alginates, des polysaccharides produits par les algues brunes, sont des copolymères à blocs linéaires, formés d’unités mannuronate (M) et guluronate (G). En raison de leur abondance naturelle, prix et propriétés physicochimiques avantageuses, les alginates représentent une classe de biopolymères très intéressante et relativement inexplorée pour des applications dans le domaine des matériaux avancés. Dans ce contexte, le présent travail vise à enrichir la gamme des applications des matériaux dérivés d’alginates, en exploitant les propriétés de cette classe de polysaccharides naturels. En particulier, la préparation de matériaux à base d'alginate pour la catalyse, l'adsorption et le domaine biomédical a été étudiée, avec des résultats encourageants dans toutes les applications testées. L'utilisation bénéfique de l'acide alginique en catalyse hétérogène a été démontrée, en tant que promoteur de réaction et support pour l’hétérogénéisation d'un organocatalyseur. L'activité du catalyseur a été trouvée très dépendante de l'accessibilité des groupes fonctionnels, mettant en évidence l’avantage de l’emploi de formulations plus accessibles. La texturation des alginates a été aussi avantageuse dans la préparation de matériaux pour applications en flux. Des mousses d'acide alginique, avec une structure hiérarchique macro-mésoporeuse, ont été développées à cet effet. Une caractérisation précise des matériaux a été réalisée, afin d'optimiser la procédure de préparation et de corréler les propriétés texturales obtenues avec les paramètres utilisés. L'intérêt dans l’utilisation de mousses à base d'acide alginique a été démontré dans une application modèle, l'adsorption de bleu de méthylène à partir de solutions aqueuses, à la fois en batch et en flux. La possibilité de modifier facilement les groupes fonctionnels de l’alginate, couplée avec la nature biocompatible et biodégradable de ces biopolymères, a finalement été exploitée pour le développement de gels auto-réparants, obtenus grâce à la formation de deux types d'interactions covalentes dynamiques : base de Schiff et ester de boronate. Les deux systèmes examinés ont présenté une remarquable habilité à se reconstruire après un dégât, même si l'ampleur de la reconstruction et la stabilité des gels étaient fortement dépendantes des paramètres de préparation des gels et des conditions environnementales utilisées. Les résultats obtenus dans le cadre de cette étude démontrent clairement comment la compréhension et un emploi conscient des propriétés physico-chimiques des alginates peuvent maximiser le potentiel que cette ressource durable dans le domaine de la chimie des matériaux
Alginates, polysaccharides produced by brown algae, are linear block-copolymers formed by mannuronate (M) and guluronate (G) units. Because of their huge natural abundance, cheapness and physicochemical properties, alginates represent a highly attractive and still relatively unexplored class of biopolymers for applications in the field of advanced materials. In this context, the present work aimed to enrich the range of possible applications of alginate-derived materials, making the most of the peculiar features of this class of natural polysaccharides. In particular, the preparation of alginate-based active materials to be employed in the catalysis, adsorption and biomedical field was studied, achieving encouraging results in all the tested applications. The beneficial use of alginic acid in heterogeneous catalysis, both as reaction promoter and as support for the heterogeneization of an organocatalyst, was demonstrated. The activity of the material was found highly dependent on the accessibility of the active functions, highlighting the advantage of employing more accessible alginate formulations. The texturation of alginates was further advantageous for the preparation of materials with improved flowability. Alginic acid foams, bearing a hierarchical macro-mesoporous structure were developed by means of a simple procedure. Accurate characterization was performed to optimize the preparation procedure and to correlate the textural properties of the obtained materials with the parameters used. The interest of the prepared alginic acid foams was demonstrated in a model application, the adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solutions, both in batch and in flow conditions. The possibility to easily modify alginate functional groups, coupled with the biocompatible and biodegradable nature of alginates, was finally employed for the development of self-healing gels, thanks to the formation of two types of dynamic covalent interactions: Schiff base and boronate ester bonds. Both the examined systems presented a marked ability to recover after damage, even if the extent of the recovery and the stability of the gels was highly dependent on the preparation parameters and environmental conditions used. The results obtained in the course of this study clearly demonstrate how a full comprehension and conscious employment of alginate physicochemical properties can maximize the potential of this sustainable resource in the field of material chemistry
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Wagner, Caroline (Caroline Elizabeth). "Micro- and macro-rheological studies of the structure and association dynamics of biopolymer gels". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/119348.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2018.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 191-205).
The cross-linked polymeric microstructures of biological hydrogels (or biogels) give rise to their mechanical properties, which in turn contribute to their proper biological function. For example, cartilage is stiff, elastic, and capable of withstanding substantial compressive forces in the knee, while saliva is thin, highly lubricious, and crucial for the maintenance of oral health. Quantification and modeling of the mechanical properties of these materials can provide insight into their microstructures, which is particularly important when structural changes are associated with impaired biological function. In this thesis, we use a combination of rheological testing and constitutive modeling to study this relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties in three biologically-relevant complex fluid systems. First, we explore the network structure and association dynamics of reconstituted mucin gels using micro- and macrorheology in order to gain insight into how environmental factors, including pathogens and therapeutic agents, alter the mechanical properties of fully-constituted mucus. We find that analyses of thermal fluctuations on the length scale of micron-sized particles are not predictive of the linear viscoelastic response of mucin gels. However, when taken together, the results from both techniques help to provide complementary insight into the structure of the network. For instance, we show that macroscopic stiffening of mucin gels can be brought about in different ways by targeting specific associations within the network using environmental triggers such as modifications to the pH, surfactant, and salt concentration. Additionally, by varying the size of the microrheological probe particles, we show that the disagreement between the rheological techniques on both length scales can be largely attributed to microphase separation and the presence of localized gel regions of varying stiffness. This finding is further supported through imaging techniques and direct visualization of the mucin network. As a second system, we study the temporal stability of saliva and its sensitivity to degradation in order to highlight the importance of considering sample age and enzymatic degradation when reporting extensional rheological measurements of saliva. Measurements show that the shear rheology of salivary mucin solutions (as measured by steady shear viscosity and small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS)) is quite insensitive to sample age over a 24 hour period following sample collection. By contrast, the filament thinning dynamics vary dramatically, with the characteristic relaxation time of the saliva and the breakup time of a fluid thread decreasing significantly with sample age. We interpret our results within the framework of a Sticky Finitely Extensible Network (SFEN) model which respects the known physical dimensions and properties of the mucin molecules in saliva, and models them as a network of physically associating and finitely extensible polymer chains. We show that the model can accurately capture the changes observed in the filament thinning dynamics with sample age by incorporating a steady decrease in the molecular weight of the supramolecular aggregates of mucin. As a third and final system, we develop a fractional calculus-based framework for improving the quantification of the mechanical properties of polysaccharide-based food solutions in order to facilitate the development of specific textures for liquid food consumption and for the design of dysphagia products. We demonstrate that fractional rheological models, including the fractional Maxwell model (FMM) and the fractional Jeffreys model (FJM), are able to succinctly and accurately predict the linear and nonlinear viscoelastic response of these food solutions and outperform conventional multi-mode Maxwell models with up to 50 physical elements in terms of the goodness of fit to experimental data. By accurately capturing the shear viscosity of the various liquid food solutions at a shear rate widely deemed relevant for oral evaluation of liquid texture, we show that two of the constitutive parameters of the fractional Maxwell model can be used to construct a state diagram that succinctly characterizes both the viscous and elastic properties of the different fluids. The experimental and theoretical tools employed to interpret the underlying microstructures of the biological fluids considered in these three studies are diverse, ranging from microrheological measurements to the adaptation and development of appropriate nonlinear polymeric constitutive models. As a result, the findings of this thesis should provide a starting point for interpreting the mechanical properties of a variety of complex fluids in a broad range of contexts. In particular, one application for which these techniques have already shown promise is in the emerging use of the material properties of physiological fluids as biomedical diagnostics. By continuing to develop analytical methods for improving the understanding of the relationship between rheology and biological structure, it is expected that these methods will be beneficial in studying the etiology and pathological basis for a number of medical conditions such as preterm birth and cystic fibrosis.
by Caroline Elizabeth Wagner.
Ph. D.
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Barnes, Samesha Rosánne. "Injectable biopolymer gel compositions for neural tissue repair". [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024088.

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Alikhanzadeh, A. S., i A. M. Azimzadeh. "Preparation of Pure DyBa2Cu3O7-X Nanocluster Superconductors using Biopolymer Chitosan". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/34952.

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We used sol-gel method for synthesizing nanoclusters of DyBa2Cu3O7-X high TC type II superconductor in presence of biopolymer chitosan. In the first stage, the precursor and biopolymer aggregated into amorphous matrix and hydrogels are then formed by thermogelling. The fibrous nature of the biopolymer chitosan is retained at high temperatures up to 500 °C. After heating to 900 °C, complete decomposition of BaCO3 and formation of the superconductor nanoparticles (with a diameter of 10-20 nm) occurred subsequently. Characterization of specimens was performed using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, supported by other techniques including XRD diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray, FT-IR spectrum and magnetic susceptibility measurements. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/34952
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Li, Sisi. "Gel-embossing and electrospinning of biopolymers for cell culture and tissue engineering studies". Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066279.

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Ce travail de thèse vise à explorer des techniques de nanofabrication pour produire des substrats de culture et des matrices de génie tissulaire, basant sur une nouvelle approche biomimétique. Nous avons d’abord développé une nouvelle technique de moulage pour répliquer des nanostructures dans une couche de gélatine. Les motifs micrométriques peuvent être plus facilement obtenus par moulage assisté par aspiration. A plus large échelle, des matrices de trous à travers peuvent être percés dans une couche mince de gélatine en utilisant une machine-outil à commande numérique par ordinateur le tout étant biocompatible pour les études de culture cellulaire. Par la suite, nous avons appliqué une technique électrofilature pour produire des substrats de nanofibres de gélatine pour l'expansion à long terme de cellules souches pluripotentes humaines induites (hiPSCs). Pour montrer l'importance de la morphologie quasi tridimensionnelle des substrats de fibres, les empreintes de fibres en positive et négative ont été obtenus, montrant une corrélation évidente entre la qualité des hiPSCs après l'expansion à long terme et la morphologie de la surface du substrat. Enfin, nous avons fabriqué des nanofibres alignés en PLGA et montré leur supériorité pour la formation de feuille cellulaire en utilisant des cellules cardiaques dérivées d’hiPSCs
This thesis work aimed at exploring nanofabrication techniques to manufacture new types of cell culture substrates and scaffolds for tissue engineering based on a biomimetic approach. Firstly, we demonstrated a gel-embossing technique to replicate nanoscale patterns into gelatin layers. For microscale patterns, aspirationassisted gel-molding could be applied. For patterns of larger feature sizes, through-hole arrays could be punched in thin gelatin layers using a computer-aided mechanical machine, all being biocompatible for cell culture studies. Afterward, we applied an electrospinning technique to produce gelatin nanofibre substrates for long term expansion of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). To show the importance of quasi-three dimensional morphology of the fiber substrates, both positive and negative nanofibres imprints were produced, showing a clear correlation between the quality of the hiPSCs after long-term expansion and the surface morphology of the substrate. Finally, we fabricated PLGA aligned nanofibres and showed their superiority for cell sheet formation using hiPSCs cardiac cells
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Torres, Marco Antonio. "Propriedades viscosas e viscoelasticas de soluções e geis de quitosana". [s.n.], 2001. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/267605.

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Orientador: Cesar Costapinto Santana
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-29T03:19:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Torres_MarcoAntonio_M.pdf: 2067792 bytes, checksum: 4a29bce462549322420c9d13dd7180eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001
Resumo: biopolímero denominado quitosana vem sendo reconhecido como uma importante fonte de matrizes para adsorventes em processos de recuperação e purificação de bioprodutos, com novas aplicações em várias áreas do conhecimento como a biotecnologia. Uma importante vantagem nessa utilização é a disponibilidade da quitina na natureza, podendo ser encontrada facilmente na carapaça de crustáceos. A flexibilidade apresentada por essas matrizes se deve principalmente à compatibilidade adsorbato/adsorvente e à possibilidade de modificações estruturais de modo a atender a características diversificadas de interação química e de resistência mecânica. No presente trabalho foi realizada a caracterização reológica de soluções e géis de quitosana, com a determinação das propriedades viscosas e viscoelásticas. As soluções concentradas foram obtidas por dissolução da quitosana em solução de ácido acético e os géis foram obtidos através de modificações da quitosana com a utilização do glutaraldeído, nas concentrações de 2,5g/100ml, 3,Og/100ml e 3,5g/100ml e nas temperaturas de 10°C, 30°C e 50°C. As propriedades viscosas e viscoelásticas das amostras de quitosana foram obtidas com a utilização do reômetro Haake CV20. Esse equipamento pode ser programado para trabalhar em dois métodos de obtenção de dados experimentais. No método de cisalhamento permanente, as propriedades obtidas são representativas do comportamento viscoso das amostras, através da obtenção das seguintes variáveis: tensão de cisalhamento, taxa de cisalhamento e viscosidade de cisalhamento. No método de cisalhamento oscilatório, as propriedades determinadas são representativas do comportamento viscoelástico das amostras, através da obtenção das seguintes variáveis: módulo de rigidez, módulo de dissipação e viscosidade complexa. Foi realizada a interpretação da correlação estrutura - propriedade apresentada pela quitosana e pelos géis modificados através da reticulação com glutaraldeído. Foram atribuídos modelos específicos para o comportamento reológico das soluções e géis de quitosana. A determinação dos parâmetros nas diversas faixas estudadas permite concluir que é possível preparar e caracterizar a quitosana na forma de soluções concentradas e na forma de géis de acordo com a concentração e ° grau de reticulação das amostras analisadas
Abstract: The chitosan biopolymer has recently being appointed as an important source of matrices used as adsorbents in processes for the recovery and purification of bioproducts, with new applications in areas such as biotechnology. An important advantage is that chitin occurs naturally and is commonly found in crustacean shells. The flexibility exhibited by these matrices became from the compatibility adsorbate/adsorbent and the possibility of structural modifications to satisfy diversified characteristics of chemical interaction and mechanical strength. In this work, the rheological characterization of chitosan solutions and gels was carried out in order to investigate viscosity and viscoelasticity properties. The concentrated solutions were prepared by dissolving chitosan with acid acetic solution and the gels were prepared by adding glutaraldehyde, solutions at different concentrations of 2,5g/100ml, 3,Og/100ml and 3,5g/100ml and temperatures of 10°C, 30°C and 50°C. The viscosity and viscoelasticity properties of chitosan samples were measured with a rheometer (model Haake CV20). The equipment can be operated in two different ways in order to obtain the experimental data. The first one is the steady shear rheological measurement, where the viscosity properties are described through values for shear stress, shear rate and shear viscosity. The second is the oscillatory shear rheological measurement, where the viscoelasticity properties are described through values for storage modulus, 1055 modulus and complex viscosity. The correlation between structure and properties exhibited by chitosan samples and gels modified by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde were studied. Rheological specific models were adjusted to the experimental data in order to describe the behavior of chitosan solutions and gels. The parameter determinations allow concluding that is possible to prepare and characterize chitosan samples as concentrated solutions and gels depending only on the concentration and the degree of crosslinking of the sample studied.
Mestrado
Desenvolvimento de Processos Biotecnologicos
Mestre em Engenharia Química
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Książki na temat "Biopolymer Gels"

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Nijenhuis, K. te. Thermoreversible networks: Viscoelastic properties and structure of gels. Berlin: Springer, 1997.

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Nijenhuis, K. te. Thermoreversible networks: Viscoelastic properties and structure of gels. Berlin: Springer, 1996.

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V, Mchedlishvili B., i Saminskiĭ E. M, red. Khromatografii͡a︡ biopolimerov na makroporistykh kremnezemakh. Leningrad: Izd-vo "Nauka," Leningradskoe otd-nie, 1986.

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Durand, Dominique, Sabu Thomas, P. Jyotishkumar i Christophe Chassenieux. Handbook of Biopolymer-Based Materials: From Blends and Composites to Gels and Complex Networks. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2013.

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Durand, Dominique, Sabu Thomas, P. Jyotishkumar i Christophe Chassenieux. Handbook of Biopolymer-Based Materials: From Blends and Composites to Gels and Complex Networks. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2013.

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Durand, Dominique, Sabu Thomas, P. Jyotishkumar i Christophe Chassenieux. Handbook of Biopolymer-Based Materials: From Blends and Composites to Gels and Complex Networks. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2013.

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Durand, Dominique, Sabu Thomas, P. Jyotishkumar i Christophe Chassenieux. Handbook of Biopolymer-Based Materials: From Blends and Composites to Gels and Complex Networks. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2013.

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Nijenhuis, Klaas te. Thermoreversible Networks: Viscoelastic Properties and Structure of Gels. Springer, 2014.

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Handbook Of Biopolymerbased Materials From Blends And Composites To Gels And Complex Networks. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 2013.

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(Editor), Ferenc Horkay, i Eric J. Amis (Editor), red. Biological and Synthetic Polymer Networks and Gels (Macromolecular Symposia). John Wiley & Sons, 2005.

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Części książek na temat "Biopolymer Gels"

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Samrot, Antony V., Shree Krithika Sivasuriyan, Sneha Xavier, Nagarajan Shobana, Deenadhayalan Rajalakshmi, Mahendran Sathiyasree i Sanjay Preeth Ram Singh. "Biopolymer-Based Gels". W Handbook of Biopolymers, 1–22. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6603-2_17-1.

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Samrot, Antony V., Shree Krithika Sivasuriyan, Sneha Xavier, Nagarajan Shobana, Deenadhayalan Rajalakshmi, Mahendran Sathiyasree i Sanjay Preeth Ram Singh. "Biopolymer-Based Gels". W Handbook of Biopolymers, 469–90. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0710-4_17.

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Alveroglu, Esra, Ali Gelir i Yasar Yilmaz. "Polymer Gels from Biopolymers". W Handbook of Biopolymer-Based Materials, 279–315. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527652457.ch10.

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Hermansson, Anne-Marie. "Supramolecular structures of biopolymer gels". W The Properties of Water in Foods ISOPOW 6, 3–29. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0311-4_1.

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Ross-Murphy, S. B. "Rheology of Biopolymer Solutions and Gels". W New Physico-Chemical Techniques for the Characterization of Complex Food Systems, 139–56. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2145-7_6.

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Clark, A. H., i S. B. Ross-Murphy. "Compatibility and Viscoelasticity of Mixed Biopolymer Gels". W Integration of Fundamental Polymer Science and Technology, 238–41. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4185-4_32.

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Michon, Camille. "Physical Gels of Biopolymers: Structure, Rheological and Gelation Properties". W Handbook of Biopolymer-Based Materials, 699–716. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527652457.ch23.

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Barnes, S. R., D. R. Walker i E. P. Goldberg. "Injectable Cell-Biopolymer Gels for Neural Tissue Repair". W IFMBE Proceedings, 367–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01697-4_125.

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Meunier, V., i A. H. Clark. "Multicomponent biopolymer gels: The agarose-carrageenan-gellan system". W Special Publications, 244–51. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781847551214-00244.

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Stokes, Jason R. "Food Biopolymer Gels, Microgel and Nanogel Structures, Formation and Rheology". W Food Materials Science and Engineering, 151–76. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118373903.ch6.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Biopolymer Gels"

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Haagenson, R. V., i C. G. Blount. "Waste Minimizing Processing Technique for Solids Laden Biopolymer Gels". W SPE Western Regional Meeting. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/26030-ms.

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I. Hoefner, M., R. V. Seetharam, P. Shu i C. H. Phelps. "Selective penetration of biopolymer profile-control gels: Experiment and model". W IOR 1991 - 6th European Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201411262.

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Boulanger, Elisabeth, Megan Dempsey, Tara Jarobski, Emily Lurier, Mehmet Kural i Kristen Billiar. "A device for dynamic modulation of cell-generated tension in 3D biopolymer gels". W 2014 40th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference (NEBEC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nebec.2014.6972738.

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Temizel, Cenk, Dike Putra, Zumra Peksaglam, Onur Susuz, Karthik Balaji, Anuj Suhag, Rahul Ranjith i Ming Zhang. "Production Optimization under Injection of Biopolymer, Synthetic Polymer and Gels in a Heterogeneous Reservoir". W SPE Eastern Regional Meeting. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/184079-ms.

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Temizel, C. T., C. Y. Yegin, K. B. Balaji, A. S. Suhag, R. R. Ranjith, Z. P. Peksaglam, M. Z. Zhang i in. "Optimization of Recovery under Injection of Biopolymer, Synthetic Polymer and Gels in a Heterogeneous Reservoir". W IOR 2017 - 19th European Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201700355.

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Lin, David C., i Ferenc Horkay. "Mapping the Elastic and Osmotic Properties of Cartilage Extracellular Matrix". W ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206312.

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The inhomogeneous distribution of crosslinks in polymer networks results in nonuniform swelling. Concomitant with this behavior is local variability in the elastic properties of synthetic and biopolymer gels. Articular cartilage exemplifies the compositional and structural complexities found in soft tissues. At the most basic level, cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) is a relatively stiff network of collagen type II fibers with entangled hyaluronic acid chains and enmeshed aggrecan molecules. Despite significant differences in composition, synthetic and biological gels exhibit qualitatively similar responses (e.g., viscoelasticity and nonlinear stress-strain behavior at large deformation). Scaling theory [1] and experiments [2–3] have verified that the shear modulus (Ge) of chemically identical, fully swollen gels differing only in the degree of crosslinking is proportional to the polymer concentration (ce): (1)Ge=Acen where A and n are constants. In a good solvent, n = 2.25 [1]. Recent studies have shown that the power law applies to collagen gels, with n ≈ 2.68 [4]. In the general case, (2)G=Acen-mcm where G and c are the general shear modulus and polymer concentration, respectively, and m = 1/3 [5].
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Bernick, Kristin B., i Simona Socrate. "Substrate Dependence of Mechanical Response of Neurons and Astrocytes". W ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53538.

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The response of neural cells to mechanical cues is a critical component of the innate neuroprotective cascade aimed at minimizing the consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Reactive gliosis and the formation of glial scars around the lesion site are among the processes triggered by TBI where mechanical stimuli play a central role. It is well established that the mechanical properties of the microenvironment influence phenotype and morphology in most cell types. It has been shown that astrocytes change morphology [1] and cytoskeletal content [2] when grown on substrates of varying stiffness, and that mechanically injured astrocyte cultures show alterations in cell stiffness [3]. Accurate estimates of the mechanical properties of central nervous system (CNS) cells in their in-vivo conditions are needed to develop multiscale models of TBI. Lu et al found astrocytes to be softer than neurons under small deformations [4]. In recent studies, we investigated the response of neurons to large strains and at different loading rates in order to develop single cell models capable of simulating cell deformations in regimes relevant for TBI conditions [5]. However, these studies have been conducted on cells cultured on hard substrates, and the measured cell properties might differ from their in-vivo counterparts due to the aforementioned effects. Here, in order to investigate the effects of substrate stiffness on the cell mechanical properties, we used atomic force microscopy (AFM) and confocal imaging techniques to characterize the response of primary neurons and astrocytes cultured on polyacrylamide (PAA) gels of varying composition. The use of artificial gels minimizes confounding effects associated with biopolymer gels (both protein-based and polysaccharide-based) where specific receptor bindings may trigger additional biochemical responses [1].
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Islam, Monsur, i Rodrigo Martinez-Duarte. "Additive Manufacturing of Carbides Using Renewable Resources". W ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52206.

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Here we report initial results towards additive manufacturing of carbides. We shaped and heat treated biopolymers-metal oxide gel composites in order to obtain 3-D carbide structures. Renewable biopolymers such as iota-carrageenan, chitin and cellulose were used to form the gels. Heat treatment of the gel composites resulted in amorphous porous carbonaceous material with high surface area. The carbonaceous materials preserved the original 3D shape. The ongoing work is on optimization of the conditions for carbide synthesis. We are also studying the rheology of the gel composites to aid to the additive manufacturing.
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Choudhary, Soumitra, Surita R. Bhatia, Albert Co, Gary L. Leal, Ralph H. Colby i A. Jeffrey Giacomin. "Gel Point Determination of Biopolymer Based Semi-IPN Hydrogels". W THE XV INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON RHEOLOGY: The Society of Rheology 80th Annual Meeting. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2964760.

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Lai, Victor K., Edward A. Sander, Robert T. Tranquillo i Victor H. Barocas. "Mechanical Properties of Collagen-Fibrin Co-Gels". W ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206700.

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Achieving desired mechanical properties is critical to meeting the functional requirements of engineered tissues. Mechanical function is inextricably linked to tissue structure. For example, replacement of fibrin with collagen during the healing process results in compositional heterogeneity which governs mechanical strength and function. Artificial tissues engineered using biopolymers such as fibrin and collagen can undergo a remodeling process that produces a compositionally and structurally complex tissue equivalent (TE) with anisotropic mechanical properties. TE functionality is assessed in part through mechanical testing, but the TE response is dependent on multi-scale interactions, which are dependent on a heterogeneously distributed microstructure, and are therefore difficult to interpret. In order to unravel the coupling between TE microstructure and macroscopic mechanical behavior, we have developed a multi-scale modeling framework for incorporating single component microstructural networks [1]. To expand our modeling framework, it is necessary to incorporate interpenetrating fibrin and collagen networks. This issue is particularly critical towards understanding the remodeling process that occurs in fibrin gels, which gradually replace fibrin with collagen networks. In this work, we have begun to investigate interpenetrating fibrin-collagen co-gels by varying the co-gel composition and subjecting the gels to uniaxial mechanical tests [2]. This study lays the experimental foundation for determining how to construct interpenetrating networks for our multiscale modeling framework, which will ultimately allows us to better assess and predict TE mechanics and produce better engineered tissues.
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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Biopolymer Gels"

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Wicker, Louise, Ilan Shomer i Uzi Merin. Membrane Processing of Citrus Extracts: Effects on Pectinesterase Activity and Cloud Stability. United States Department of Agriculture, październik 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568754.bard.

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The U.S. team studied the role of cations and pH on thermolabile (TL-PE) and thermostable (TS-PE), permeation in ultrafiltration (UF) membranes, affinity to ion exchange membranes, mechanism of cation and pH activation, and effect on PE stability. An optimum pH and cation concentration exists for activity and UF permeation, which is specific for each cation type. Incomplete release of PE from a pectin complex resulted in low PE binding to cationic and anionic membranes. Incubation of PE at low pH increases the surface hydrophobicity, especially TL-PE, but the secondary structure of TL-PE is not greatly affected. The Israeli team showed that stable cloud colloidal constituents flocculate following the conversion of soluble to insoluble biopolymers. First, formation of pectic acid by pectinesterase activity is followed by the formation of calcium pectate gel. This process initiates a myriad of poorly defined reactions that result in juice clarification. Second, protein coagulation by heat resulted in flocculation of proteinacous bound cloud constituents, particularly after enzymatic pectin degradation. Pectinesterase activity is proposed to be an indirect cause for clarification; whereas binding of cloud constituents is the primary event in clarification by pectate gel and coagulated proteins. Understanding the mechanism of interaction of protein and pectic polymers is key to understanding cloud instability. Based on the above, it was hypothesized that the structure of pectin-protein coagulates plays a key role in cloud instability.
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