Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Biological wastewater treatment”
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Butler, Erick Benjamin. "Biological Treatment of Dietary Supplementary Wastewater". Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1264479316.
Pełny tekst źródłaButler, Erick Benjamin. "Biological treatment of dietary supplement wastewater". Cleveland, Ohio : Cleveland State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1264479316.
Pełny tekst źródłaAbstract. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Feb. 16, 2010). Includes bibliographical references (p. 82-89). Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center and also available in print.
Walker, Gavin Michael. "Industrial wastewater treatment using biological activated carbon". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295433.
Pełny tekst źródłaHou, Xiangting. "DIETARY SUPPLEMENT WASTEWATER TREATMENT BY BIOLOGICAL METHODS". Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1326295666.
Pełny tekst źródłaPadron, Harold. "Combined anaerobic/aerobic treatment for municipal wastewater". ScholarWorks@UNO, 2004. http://louisdl.louislibraries.org/u?/NOD,110.
Pełny tekst źródłaTitle from electronic submission form. "A thesis ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Environmental Engineering Program."--Thesis t.p. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
Kang, Young Woon. "Biological treatment of turkey processing wastewater with sand filtration". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1078903968.
Pełny tekst źródłaTitle from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxi, 187 p.; also includes graphic (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Karen M. Mancl, Dept. of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering. Includes bibliographical references (p. 169-178).
Chai, Qian. "Modeling, estimation, and control of biological wastewater treatment plants". Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Engineering Cybernetics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-2082.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe activated sludge process (ASP), as the most generally applied biological wastewater purification technique, attracts a great deal of attention from the research community in a highly populated, industrialized world. The main objective of this thesis is to investigate methods for e¢ cient development of activated sludge plant models and for possible improvements in process operation and performance through applications of advanced modeling and control techniques. Different topics in advanced control such as parameter estimation, state estimation, and model predictive control, are addressed, and the methods investigated in this thesis are illustrated with two activated sludge processes, a laboratory-scale nitrogen (N) removal plant and a full-scale phosphorus (P) removal plant: the Duvbacken wastewater treatment plant (WWTP).
As model representation is important in control oriented modeling, the object-oriented modeling approach providing open component-based architectures and reuse of components, is suggested in this thesis to achieve a more flexible model representation. The models of the N-removal process and the Duvbacken WWTP are developed based on the Activated Sludge Models (ASMs) which are generally accepted as the standard models of activated sludge processes (ASPs). The dynamic models are implemented in the object-oriented modeling language Modelica using the Dymola simulation environment, based on a modification of the Modelica library WasteWater. In order to build a good software development environment, special consideration is given to two Dymola interfaces: the Dymola-Matlab interface provided by Dymola and the Dymola-Python interface developed by the author. The application of the modeling approach in this thesis shows that the combination of Modelica/Dymola for efficient object-oriented modeling and Matlab for further analysis is a powerful tool for control system design.
The performances of some widely used state estimation techniques, such as the standard Kalman filter (KF), the extended Kalman filter (EKF), the unscented Kalman filter (UKF), the square-root unscented Kalman filter (SRUKF), and the moving horizon estimation (MHE), are evaluated with application to the N-removal process. The comparison of these filters for the N-removal process shows that the SRUKF improves numerical properties of the UKF and provides the best estimation performance, and the discrete-time EKF gives the fastest performance with a satisfactory estimation result. In addition, since a good characterization of the main compositions in the influent is very important to the performance of the ASM models, a method for simultaneously estimating both model state and influent composition (model disturbance) is developed using the discrete-time EKF and illustrated with the Duvbacken WWTP. The filter has a good convergence property for the observable process based on responses from the simulation model. However, when the filter is evaluated based on the experimental data, the performance of the filter is relatively poor due to unobservability of the system. Additional measurements are therefore needed to render the Duvbacken system locally observable.
Parameter estimation of activated sludge plant models is a challenging task, since the models are in general large-scale, nonlinear, and overparameterized. A procedure for parameter identifiability analysis is discussed and tested with the Duvbacken model. This systematic method proves to be very useful, since it reduces a large number of parameters to a small subset of parameters that can be identified from the available experimental data. The fitting of the model to real data from the industrial plant is not great but satisfactory, especially for those outputs which are important to the plant operation (e.g. concentration of phosphate SPO4 and concentration of total phosphorus TP).
Advanced control strategies for the ASP aeration system are suggested with the focus on the MPC algorithm, since MPC provides an optimization-based procedure with an elegant way of handling constraints and with capabilities of removing process disturbances. Both linear and nonlinear MPC techniques are evaluated with the N-removal process, and the simulation results show that the performances of the MPC controllers are satisfactory: the controllers guarantee that the strict e uent requirements are fulfilled. The nonlinear MPC strategy is also compared with some conventional rule-based controllers, and the MPC controller shows the most reduction of the energy consumption and offers the easiest way to handle the inequality constraints.
Finally, recommendations for future research directions are suggested to an N-removal project group at Telemark University College, Norway.
Paper B reproduced with kind permission of Elsevier
Aboobakar, Amina. "Quantification of greenhouse gas emissions in biological wastewater treatment". Thesis, Cranfield University, 2014. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8494.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoughtrie, Andrew Robert. "Coupling hydrodynamic and biological process models for wastewater treatment". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/16207/.
Pełny tekst źródłaZivich, Jamie Dionne. "Biological Health Assessment of an Industrial Wastewater Treatment Facility". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43523.
Pełny tekst źródłaMaster of Science
Bi, Tianzhu. "Biological Treatment of Milk and Soybean Wastewater with Bioproducts". Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1292017443.
Pełny tekst źródłaLiu, Hong, i 劉紅. "Bio-hydrogen production from carbohydrate-containing wastewater". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31244518.
Pełny tekst źródłaLumbers, Jeremy. "Rotating biological contactors : mechanisms, modelling and design". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47161.
Pełny tekst źródłaLi, Wen. "Improvement of Biological Processes of Inland Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant". Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-190742.
Pełny tekst źródłaKent, Tanya Denise. "The effect of media size on biological aerated filter performance". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287176.
Pełny tekst źródłaBerktay, Ali. "The effects of pressure on aerobic biological wastewater treatment using rotating biological contractors". Thesis, Loughborough University, 1993. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/11709.
Pełny tekst źródłaMendoza, Espinosa Leopoldo Guillermo. "Upflow and downflow biological aerated filters (BAFs) for wastewater treatment". Thesis, Cranfield University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268131.
Pełny tekst źródłaUttley, P. J. "Integration of biological wastewater treatment and algal growth for biofuels". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6393/.
Pełny tekst źródłaHodges, Alan J. "Alternative Treatment Technologies for Low-Cost Industrial and Municipal Wastewater Management". DigitalCommons@USU, 2017. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5884.
Pełny tekst źródłaAmini-Rad, Hassan. "An experimental study of air scour in biological treatment". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336735.
Pełny tekst źródłaTjernström, Linnéa. "Function of soil-based on-site wastewater treatment systems - Biological and chemical treatment capacity". Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik (flyttat 20130630), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-210716.
Pełny tekst źródłaDecentraliserade system för rening av avloppsvatten är bland de huvudsakliga svenska antropogena källorna till näringsämnen som bidrar till övergödning av Östersjön. Bland decentraliserade system i Sverige är nästan hälften system med slamavskiljare följt av ett markbaserat system i vilket avloppsvattnet renas genom infiltration i jord. I denna studie studeras en markbaserad teknik i vilken avloppsvattnet filtreras genom sand, en så kallad markbädd. En fältundersökning gjordes där samlingsprov av ingående och utgående avloppsvatten togs på två markbäddar i Stockholmsområdet för att bestämma deras biologiska och kemiska reningsfunktion samt att jämföra avskiljningen av fosfor i systemen med rekommendationer från HaV. Parametrar som inkluderats i studien är totalfosfor, ammonium-kväve, löst organiskt kol, pH, turbiditet och löst syre. Biologisk funktion ansågs bra i båda markbäddarna eftersom nitrifikationen var hög och utgående vatten hade tillräckliga halter av löst syre vilket implicerar att markbäddarna var väl syresatta. Rådande syrerika förhållanden i markbäddarna antyder också att organiskt material bryts ned avsevärt, vilket är fallet för löst kol som reducerades med mer än 85 % i en av markbäddarna och med nästan 70 % i den andra. Den höga reduktionen av organiska mikroföroreningar som påvisats i markbäddarna i en annan studie tyder också på att biologisk funktion med avseende på avsklijning av organiska substanser är bra. Kemisk funktion, med avseende på avskiljning av totalfosfor, var inte tillräcklig då ingen av markbäddarna levde upp till reduktionskraven från HaV för normal eller hög skyddsnivå. Totalfosfor avskiljdes med 42 respektive 54 % i markbäddarna. En nackdel med metoden som användes i studien är att de resultat som fåtts för avkiljning av de olika parametrarna endast kan representera den verkliga situationen om variationer i in- och utgående flöde samt variationer i ingående vattenkoncentrationer är små och om utspädningseffekten av utgående vatten är försumbar.
Basu, Pradipta Ranjan. "Evaluation of biological treatment for the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in a wastewater treatment plant". Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2418.
Pełny tekst źródłaYan, Qingmei, i 嚴慶梅. "Biological nitrogen removal of saline wastewater by ammoniumoxidizers". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42182116.
Pełny tekst źródłaBengtsson, Erica, i Sannam Hjertstrand. "Hybrid system for wastewater treatment in multifunctional wetlands - A case study at UNIVATES in Lajeado, RS, Brazil". Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-1604.
Pełny tekst źródłaAbstract
Centro Universitaire UNIVATES is located in the town Lajeado that is situated in the most southerly state, Rio Grande Do Sul, in Brazil. The university has 5000 students, teachers and others staff. UNIVATES is not satisfied with their present wastewater situation and wants to improve it by eliminate the smell caused by the wastewater. They would also like to remove the oil that the storm water brings into the wetland. The high amount of particles in the storm water gives rise to a lot of sediments that eventually will fill up the wetland, and something has to be done about this, if the wetland should continue to be in use. Another aspect to consider is the wish of some people at UNIVATES, for the wetland to be a beautiful and recreational place. All these factors had to be considered, which led to the main question: How can the use of the wetland for wastewater treatment be combined with the request for the wetland to be a beautiful place with the wildlife preserved?
During the course Wetland Technology that we took before our departure to Brazil, we got introduced to the situation at UNIVATES by Professor André Jasper and Odorico Konrad who visited the course several times. They pointed out that the main issue is the smell from the wastewater and later during the field study at UNIVATES, more information were obtained through discussions, meetings and conversations with the people involved. Several visual inspections were carried out by walking around the wetland. We could determine where and how the inlets and outlets to the wetland were and when it was clear which inlets that brought wastewater and which that brought storm water, the water flow of the wastewater was estimated. Water samples from the wetland were collected at five different sites and analyses of pH, BOD, COD, N-Tot, phosphorus and metals were done by the accredited laboratory at UNIVATES. To test some of our theories, we did a smaller practical experiment that got the name Superficial Filtration Bed.
The results from the water samples showed the highest BOD, COD, N-Tot and Phosphorus levels in the samples from site 2 and 4 and this reveals that it is wastewater. This was also confirmed by the smell that we felt at these sites during the visual inspections. The results also showed that there is no wastewater coming from site 1, 3 and 5.
Our final proposal is to create a multifunctional wetland with the purpose to take care of both storm water and wastewater and at the same time work as a research and recreational area. The wetland, which would be divided into two parts, will constitute of all the fundamental functions; storm water buffering, sedimentation basin and biological oil separation and treatment. There will also be research sites and hybrid system for wastewater treatment. The hybrid system will consist of two steps where the first is aerobic and the second both aerobic and anaerobic. The first step is a Superficial Filtration Bed (SFB) and the second a FWS wetland.
The conclusion of this thesis is that more detailed research is needed to be able to dimension the specific functions correctly. With some further investigations the proposal presented is possible to carry through and our feeling when we left UNIVATES was that the people responsible really liked our ideas. They made it clear that they want to make a change and improve the situation and with the help they have gotten from us, they are a few steps closer to solving the problem.
Ng, Chi Po. "Treatment of textile wastewater by combined photo-fenton and biological process /". View abstract or full-text, 2005. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?EVNG%202005%20NG.
Pełny tekst źródłaTipadis, Grigoris G. "Mathematical models for wastewater treatment by the Rotating Biological Contactor process". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8514.
Pełny tekst źródłaMathys, Renata Gabriela. "Aerobic treatment of a CTMP wastewater using a rotating biological contactor". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30025.
Pełny tekst źródłaApplied Science, Faculty of
Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of
Graduate
Zhang, Qiuzi. "Kinetic formulations for growth and substrate uptake in biological wastewater treatment". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28361.
Pełny tekst źródłaChan, Yue-ping, i 陳裕萍. "Simulation and analysis of biological wastewater treatment processes using GPS-X". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31255437.
Pełny tekst źródłaLi, Yun, i 李贇. "Formation and stability of aerobic granular sludge in biological wastewater treatment". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/197519.
Pełny tekst źródłapublished_or_final_version
Civil Engineering
Master
Master of Philosophy
Buck, Andrew. "Characterisation of chemical processes operating within a biological wastewater treatment plant". Thesis, Open University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409874.
Pełny tekst źródłaHoltman, Gareth Alistair. "Design, installation, and assessment of a biological winery wastewater treatment system". Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2573.
Pełny tekst źródłaCurrently in South Africa, most wastewater from small cellars is pH-adjusted and disposed of via land irrigation. This practice can lead to environmental degradation. There is a need for low cost, low maintenance solutions for the treatment of cellar effluent. Constructed wetlands provide such an option. However, the use of plants is problematic because winery effluent can be phytotoxic. After successful initial laboratory-scale experiments, an in-situ pilot scale biological sand filter (unplanted constructed wetland) system was designed, installed, and used to treat effluent from a small winery in the Western Cape, South Africa. The system is off-grid, totally self-regulating, and uses a modular approach which allows for the addition and subtraction of filter modules within the system to alter treatment capacity, retention time and/or rest filter modules. The system can be easily integrated into existing settling basins and/or retention ponds at small wineries. The biological sand filter was operational for 610 days, and showed promising results. The average chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency was 81% (range: 44-98%) with an average effluent of 324 mg/L, and an average flow rate of 413 L/day after the acclimation (start-up) period. The average hydraulic loading rate after the initial start-up period was 143 L/m3 sand day-1 (range: 67-222/m3 sand day-1), with an organic loading rate of 205 gCOD/m3 of sand day-1 (range: 83-338 gCOD/m3 sand day-1) which resulted in an organic removal rate of 164 gCOD/m3 of sand day-1. There was an average of 67% removal of total phenolics, thereby reducing the potential phytotoxicity of the effluent. In addition, there was a 1.6 times increase in calcium concentration, a 29% decrease in the average sodium adsorption ratio, and complete passive neutralisation of the acidic winery wastewater (final effluent pH range: 6.63 – 8.14. The findings of this study compare well with previous laboratory studies conducted with synthetic and authentic winery effluent. The system can potentially provide a low cost, energy efficient, low maintenance, sustainable means of treating cellar effluent at small wineries. Uptake of this technology may alleviate environmental degradation caused by irrigating land with inadequately treated effluent.
Yi, Taewoo Harper Willie F. "Sorption and biodegradation of pharmaceutical compounds in biological wastewater treatment process". Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1335.
Pełny tekst źródłaOpdycke, Mary Ellen. "Physicochemical and biological treatment of a textile dyeing and finishing wastewater". Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01312009-063352/.
Pełny tekst źródłaFica, Zachary. "Pairing of Anaerobic and Aerobic Treatment of Petroleum Wastewater". DigitalCommons@USU, 2017. http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6832.
Pełny tekst źródłaMann, Allan. "A comparison of floating and sunken media biological aerated filters (BAF)". Thesis, Cranfield University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359948.
Pełny tekst źródłaGamez, Grijalva Victor Manuel. "BIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL METHODS FOR TREATMENT OF SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING EFFLUENTS". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195838.
Pełny tekst źródłaKuhn, David Dwight. "Enhancing Aquaculture Sustainability Through Water Reuse and Biological Treatment". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26723.
Pełny tekst źródłaPh. D.
Sudarjanto, Gatut. "Integrated chemical and biological treatment process to remove colour compounds from wastewater /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2006. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19717.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaKramadhati, Narahari Narasiah. "The impact of aircraft deicing wastes on the biological wastewater treatment process /". Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100640.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe specific objectives of the research were to: (1) determine the effects of process parameters such as biomass concentration, deicing fluid concentration and temperature on the biodegradation kinetics. (2) determine the mechanism of deicing fluid removal and model the reaction rates. (3) determine the effects of microbial changes on the treatment process. (4) evaluate the advantages of a sequencing batch reactor for the treatment of deicing wastes. (5) corroborate our laboratory results with field data from an operating wastewater facility treating deicing wastes.
The results from the field show that despite the increases in influent organic matter during the deicing season, there were very little changes in effluent values of organic matter. Furthermore, influent concentrations of deicing fluid between 10 and 30 mg/L were reduced to trace amounts (i.e. below 5 mg/L) throughout the deicing season. However, as witnessed by the high sludge volume index during the deicing season, the presence of deicing fluid creates settling problems in the clarifier.
The laboratory batch experiments indicate optimal substrate removal rates at biomass concentrations of 1000 mg/L and 2000 mg/L. Very low biomass levels lead to inhibition whereas a high biomass level of 3000 mg/L is unnecessary since the food to microorganism ratio is such that only a fraction of the biomass participates in the degradation reaction. With regards to deicing fluid concentration, organic matter removal rates tend to increase as the deicing fluid is increased. However, at the highest level of deicing fluid, certain inhibitory effects are present. As expected, higher temperatures produce much higher removal rates with the ethylene glycol substrate showing less variation with temperature than the other organic compounds present in the wastewater.
With regards to the mechanism of removal, the results showed very little adsorption of organic matter onto the biomass within the first hour of contact. In addition, the total organic matter removal (TOC and COD) followed first order kinetics with respect to substrate concentration.
Lastly, sequencing batch reactor operation allowed for much higher removal rates as the microbial population is acclimatized to the substrate with increasing cycles. With regards to the microbial population, the Biolog results showed that there was a decrease in the variety of compounds that could be degraded as the biomass was exposed to the deicing fluid. Furthermore, most population changes occurred at the very beginning of the deicing season and in the first half of the SBR experiments.
Cameron, Kimberley A. "The efficiency and mechanisms for pollutant removal in biological wastewater treatment systems /". Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33724.
Pełny tekst źródłaEsteves, Sandra Raquel Ramires. "Monitoring and control of biological textile wastewater treatment using artificial neural networks". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395353.
Pełny tekst źródłaBin-Fahad, Rashid Ahmed Mohammed. "Utilisation of anoxic/aerobic system for upgrading fixed-film biological wastewater treatment". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248948.
Pełny tekst źródłaMorgan, Pamela B. "Study of population dynamics in a biological phosphorouos removal wastewater treatment system". Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08182009-040452/.
Pełny tekst źródłaEssig, Erica Carla. "Long-term population trends and habitat preferences of waders at Strandfontein wastewater treatment works". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23782.
Pełny tekst źródłaXavier, Ana Elisa. "Thiocyanate degradation by a novel isolate". Thesis, University of Kent, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332604.
Pełny tekst źródłaYang, Ying, i 楊穎. "Characterization of broad-spectrum antibiotic resistance genes in wastewater treatment reactors through metagenomic approaches". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206338.
Pełny tekst źródłaKunjikutty, Sobhalatha Panangattu. "Floodplain filtration for treating municipal wastewaters". Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100641.
Pełny tekst źródłaRemoval of NH4+-N, NO3--N, and COD from the influent was studied in all three years. Irrespective of flow rate or year, the system removed 62~84%, 96~99%, and 6~67% of TKN, NH4+-N, and COD, respectively, from the influent. Under 0.19 m3 m-2 d-1 flow rate, vegetated systems removed slightly more of these constituents from the influent, than did bare-soil lysimeters. Organic degradation mainly occurred in the top 0.1 m soil depth. Degradation of organic and inorganic influent nitrogen increased NO3--N levels in the effluent. Only minimal increases in soil-N levels and N2O emissions occurred with increasing application rates. The nitrogen mass balance accounted for 85∼98% (2003) and 67∼96% (2004) of input nitrogen (through leaching, soil retention, and N2O emissions), the remaining portion being attributable to vegetative effects and volatilization of non-N2O nitrogenous gases. The under established vegetation on the lysimeters reduced nitrogen leaching through soil, being 6% (2003) and 60% (2004) more effective than bare soil.
Effluent water quality improved with decreasing levels of heavy metals. Compared to influent levels, in vegetated lysimeters, under all flow rates, mean effluent As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn levels had dropped by 58%, 9%, 3%, 37%, 63%, and 52% in 2003, and by 20%, 63%, 5%, 23%, 18%, 57%, and 79% for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn, in 2004. In both years, similar decreases in heavy metal levels occurred in the bare soil lysimeters. Across all flow rates and influent concentrations, soil heavy metal levels increased. In 2004, even low heavy metal content influent further increased (6∼179%) their accumulation in soil. As inputs of heavy metals to the soil increased with the increase in application rates, their associated times to reach maximum permissible limits also decreased.
LEACHN simulation of NO3--N in leachate arising from wastewater application, showed lowered levels with increasing flow rates, due to enhanced denitrification in the resulting anoxic upper soil zones. The simulation under continuous wastewater application at different range of nitrogen concentrations (low, medium, high) showed an increase of NO 3--N levels in the leachate with increasing N-levels. For all flow rates, and under tropical or humid conditions, the effluent NO 3--N levels remained below permissible limits for the low-N content wastewater applications. Intermittent applications, under all wastewater N-contents and flow rates, reduced NO3--N levels in the leachate by 51∼89% compared to continuous wastewater application, and permissible limits were not exceeded. Hence, wastewater with high levels of nitrogenous compounds, as occurs in most developing countries, could be treated by land under an intermittent application pattern, allowing a considerable reduction in nitrate pollution.
Md, Som Ayub. "Development of a process selection model for industrial wastewater treatment using an expert system". Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244969.
Pełny tekst źródłaMoore, Rebecca Ellen. "Development of a novel medium to improve the performance of Biological Aerated Filters (BAFs)". Thesis, Cranfield University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340873.
Pełny tekst źródła