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1
Pouliot, Julie-Marie. "Biological treatment of landfill leachate". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0005/MQ42192.pdf.
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Butler, Erick Benjamin. "Biological Treatment of Dietary Supplementary Wastewater". Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1264479316.
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Butler, Erick Benjamin. "Biological treatment of dietary supplement wastewater". Cleveland, Ohio : Cleveland State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1264479316.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Cleveland State University, 2009.Abstract. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Feb. 16, 2010). Includes bibliographical references (p. 82-89). Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center and also available in print.
4
Kosovska, Halyna. "The Biological Treatment of Organic Food Waste". Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-32714.
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This Master Thesis “The Biological Treatment of Organic Food Waste” is done in the Master’sProgramme in Sustainable Technology at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in co-operation with the company SRV återvinning AB. The report is dedicated to analyze different biological treatment methods (that is composting andfermentation), which are used for the handling of organic food waste. From this analysis I will suggest the best method or methods for the company SRV återvinning AB (the Södertörn Area inSweden) and for the Yavoriv Region in Ukraine in order to increase the environmental performance and to improve the environmental situation in the regions. To be able to do this, a lot of factors are taking into consideration and are described and discussed in this Thesis Work. General characteristic of the regions, different means of control for organic food waste handling, sorting methods of organic waste, as well as composting and fermentationmethods for treatment of organic waste are described and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods, their treatment and investment costs are distinguished in the Thesis. Different treatment methods are discussed from technical and economical points of view for applying them for the SRV and the Södertörn Area in Sweden and for the Yavoriv Region inUkraine and some solutions for these two regions are suggested. Also some recommendations for further studies are done.www.ima.kth.se
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Hung, Chien-ho. "Fate of thiocyanate in biological treatment processes". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20864.
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Walker, Gavin Michael. "Industrial wastewater treatment using biological activated carbon". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295433.
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Evans, Helen L. "Particle removal within biological water treatment filters". Thesis, University of Surrey, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298089.
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Hou, Xiangting. "DIETARY SUPPLEMENT WASTEWATER TREATMENT BY BIOLOGICAL METHODS". Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1326295666.
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Alharthy, Basma Tarek. "Using biological tools to assess methadone treatment". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2015. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/using-biological-tools-to-assess-methadone-treatment(d56826f4-bcaa-40e1-875e-c53151a65a41).html.
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Methadone is acknowledged as an effective pharmacological substitution treatment for heroin dependence. However, patients presenting to addiction treatment services usually have multiple substance use, mental and physical health and social problems. Excessive alcohol use in individuals receiving methadone substitute maintenance treatment is a well-established clinical problem, which creates a treatment challenge. The research addressing the management of this group of patients is limited. There were three key studies in this thesis. The first study investigated the measurement of methadone and EDDP in the urine samples of 60 patients, calculated the EDDP:methadone ratio, and explored whether it could be used effectively as an index of methadone metabolism among clients receiving methadone substitution treatment. The results indicated a correlation between methadone and EDDP concentrations and methadone dose; however, EDDP:methadone ratio exhibited a high inter- and intra-individual variability, which hindered the possibility of using it as a sensitive objective biomarker for monitoring compliance among patients receiving methadone. Part of the study examines whether this ratio is altered by the consumption of alcohol in a problematic manner by this group of patients. A small study also examined three patients during methadone induction, and examined EDDP and methadone ratio. A further study explored the effectiveness of using the alcohol biomarkers ethyl glucoronide (EtG) and ethyl sulphate (EtS) to screen for recent alcohol consumption in 60 patients (138 urine samples) collecting their daily methadone dose. The results indicated that the EtG and EtS were sensitive biomarkers to detect alcohol use in the past 24 hours or more and therefore it would be a useful tool to incorporate during methadone treatment especially coupled with knowledge of patients’ co-dependence. The final study investigated the use of the breathalyser test in 23 patients who were screened for alcohol use before the prescription of methadone. Results found that breathalysers were successful in detecting alcohol use but for a much shorter timeframe than new recent alcohol biomarkers, which could offer a more specific and sensitive alternative.
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Alattar, Manar Arica. "Biological Treatment of Leachates of Microaerobic Fermentation". PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/905.
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Microaerobic fermentation (MF) is a process of controlled degradation of organic waste material that occurs in enclosed fermentors under micro-aerobic conditions at near-room temperature. MF processing of vegetal materials progresses to endpoints in about 2-5 weeks. During MF processing, an acidic leachate rich in organic acids and alcohols is produced. The research presented in this thesis focuses on the efficiency of MF pre-processing of feedstock containing fibrous lignocellulosic (FLC) materials; efficiency of microbial and insect larvae-based treatments of MF leachate; tolerance of the Black Soldier fly larvae (BSFL) to various biological inhibitors common in leachate; and effectiveness of using MF and BSFL solid and liquid processing products as agricultural fertilizers. Results indicate that MF is unsuitable for pre-processing of FLC materials. Enhanced MF leachate treatment may increase efficiency of FLC processing though. Leachate can be efficiently treated using BSFL which decrease overall leachate toxicity. BSFL are able to tolerate increased levels of many of the biological inhibitors within the leachate including ethanol, acetate, pH extremes and temperature. MF solid residues increased corn plant growth when amended into soil, but residues resulting from BSFL processing of solid organics stunted corn plant growth. Short-term phytotoxicity of MF leachate was eliminated by diluting it 10 - 10,000 times or through BSFL processing. It can be concluded that MF processing of organics is beneficial for producing solid soil amendments from non-FLC materials and that dilution or BSFL treatment of MF leachate leads to a beneficial liquid fertilizer.
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Surgeoner, Donna Agnes. "Studies of rotating biological contactors". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263488.
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Berktay, Ali. "The effects of pressure on aerobic biological wastewater treatment using rotating biological contractors". Thesis, Loughborough University, 1993. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/11709.
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The aim of this research was to investigate the application and effects of pressure on an aerobic biological wastewater treatment process. For the purpose of the investigation two specially designed, identical, laboratory-scale rotating biological contactor (RBC) units were constructed. One of these was held in a steel pressure vessel while the reference unit was operated open to the atmosphere. The treatment capabilities of the pressurized unit, as compared to those of the reference unit, were determined for a variety of organic loadings at increasing pressures up to a limit of 6 bar. During the investigation, the substrate employed was a synthetic wastewater made up frequently in the laboratory. Most of the analytical work was carried out on composite druly samples of the feed wastewater and of the two effluents produced, both filtered and nonfiltered. In addition, sludge samples from both units were regularly tested for a variety of sludge parameters. The water quality parameters investigated were the 5-day Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Suspended Solids, pH, Temperature, Ammoniacal Nitrogen and Total Oxidized Nitrogen (TON). The yield of sludge produced and certain characteristics of sludge i.e. Specific Stirred Volume Index (SSVl). Specific Resistance to Filtration, were also obtained. The quantity of air required for the pressurized treatment unit was also investigated. The pressurized treatment unit has demonstrated the capability of operating with a high level of carbonaceous oxidation and nitrification at organic loadings of up to 13 g BOD5/ m2 of disc area per day. In comparison with the identical reference unit operated at atmospheric pressure, the pressurized unit demonstrated slightly improved BODs and COD removal efficiencies, a greatly improved level of nitrification and a substantially lower sludge production. All these characteristics improved with increasing pressure.Of particular importance the sludge yield coefficient was always significantly lower for the pressurized unit than for the reference unit and results such as 0.12 kg dry solids/ kg BOD5 removed at 6 bar pressure are highly signif1cant with regard to the requirements of the modern wastewater treatment industry. Additional investigations were carried out to determine the cost of a proposed full-scale pressurized treatment unit with a design based upon the findings of this investigation. These were compared with the costs of a conventional biological treatment process capable of treating an equivalent wastewater loading. The comparison between the pressurized unit and the selected processes were made for three populations (500, 1,000 and 3,000 persons). The sludge disposal costs of the pressurized unit were appreciably lower than those for the other processes. The results indicated that the cost of the pressurized unit (present value for a twenty-year period) and the costs of activated sludge and conventional RBC processes were found to be similar for the smaller populations. However a substantial saving could be obtained with the pressurized unit for the larger populations. In addition there is an indication that the land requirement of the pressurized treatment unit decreases appreciably as the flow rate increases.
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Mulholland, Gary. "Pig Duodenum Derivative : biological properties". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335588.
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Al-Momani, Fares. "Combination of photo-oxidation processes with biological treatment". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/1521.
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Comprising over 70% of the Earth's surface, water is undoubtedly the most precious natural resource that exists on our planet. Without the seemingly invaluable compound comprised of hydrogen and oxygen, life on Earth would be non-existent: it is essential for everything on our planet to grow and prosper. Although we as humans recognizethis fact, we disregard it by polluting our rivers, lakes, and oceans. Subsequently, we are
slowly but surely harming our planet to the point where organisms are dying at a very alarming rate. In addition to innocent organisms dying off, our drinking water has become greatly affected as is our ability to use water for recreational purposes. In order to combat water pollution, we must understand the problems and become part of the solution.
When is compared with other options of processing, biological treatment of residual
water is considered a cheap and attractive alternative to eliminate various types of
contaminants. The effíciency of the biological process depends on many factors such as
the concentration of the contaminants, the chemical structure of the composed, the pH
and the presence of inhibitory compounds in wastewater. Although some organic contaminants can be degraded through biological process, many other composed synthetic and natural are not biodegradable.
On the hand, several chemical processes as advanced oxidation processes (AOP's) can
be use for mineralization of many organic contaminants. The doubt that presents these
processes is the use of expensive reagents. A potential viable solution proposed during last two decays is the combination of these processes with biological processing. In these combined processes, the chemical process would be utilized like pre-treatment step to enhance the biodegradability and elimínate the toxicity of the effluents, while the total mineralization would be completed in the biological process. For it, it is interesting to monitor the changes in the biodegradability of the effluents along the
chemical process, this may be use to determine the optimum pre-treatment time. In the literature various indicators have been proposed to follow the biodegradability, where the ratios BOD5/COD and BOD5/TOC are the most utilized (BOD: Biological oxygen demand); COD: Chemical oxygen demand; TOC: total organic carbón). In general, are municipal wastewater was taken as reference values. Thus, it is considered that an effluent is biodegradable when the relation BOD5/COD is over 0.4 or BOD5/TOC over 1.0 (Metcalf & Eddy, 1985).
The AOP's are defined like those processes that imply the generation of radicals highly
reagents (especially radical hidroxilo) in suffícient quantities. Although most organic
matter can be degraded by these processes, other compounds as the acetic acids,maleico and oxálico, acetona or cloroformo are not attacked by these radicals (Bigda,1995). The advantage of AOP's comes from the fact that radicals can be formed through different processes.
In this study, AOP's based on photo-oxidation well be used for treatment of water contained Phenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol. In the first chapter of this work a general literature review the reactions are presented in which a series of methods for the treating refractory were proposed, among them is found the adsorption in active carbon, humid oxidation, supercritical oxidation, electrochemical oxidation, chemical oxidation in its two parts classics and advanced oxidation. For all, a small bibliographical search as well previous publication in elimination of phenol (POH) and 2,4-dichlorophenol
(DCP) are presented. Moreover, it was presented a basic explanation of the characteristics of the biological processing and its operational types. At the end of this chapter, it has been introduced a figure (Figure 3.4) that shows a possible strategy to treat any type of wastewater depending on the organic load and the biodegradability.
With respect to the results, the thesis present a framework of the combination of AOP's and biological treatment. In this case, synthetic residual water containing phenol (POH) and 2,4-diclorophenol (DCP) and textile dyes.These compound associates as contaminants in different types of water. They appear in different types of industrial effluents and included among the 130 priority contaminants gives by US EPA and the
European Union.
A study of the behaviour of these substances for a possible biological degradation showed that all presented low biodegradability, and some as the DCP and textile dyes were inhibited for biomass. Thus, it was necessary to seek alternatives treatment processes.
In a first part of this work, the degradation of these composed was studied by means of
advanced oxidation processes (AOP's), based on the use of the process of photo
oxidation, in this case, direct irradiation with light UV or UVA, and combination these
sources of light with; UV(A)/H202, UV(A)/Fe(III),UV(A)/Fe(II)/H202 and the process
Fenton. These experiments were performed in four different, two of them are type tubular and the other two are type stirred tank. The followed variables along the process were the concentration of the contaminants, pH, initial concentration of the H202, Conc. Initial of Fe(II), time of irradiation and total organic carbon (TOC).
The effect of irradiation time in the degradation of both the POH and DCP was studied. Also, kinetic of the reactions were followed. Results show that direct UV photolysis is not efficient for DCP and POH elimination. First order reaction constant of aprox.
0.0056 min-1 and 0.0066 min-1 was obtained for POH and DCP, respect.)
Also the combinations of this process with other hydroxyl radical sours were studied,
for e. j., the effect of the quantity of peroxide or Fa(II), or the black light irradiation
with UV at (300-420 nm) vs. 254 nm. By means of the combination H202/UV/Fe removals percentages of 100 DCP and POH were achieved. During these reactions, by-products were identified, for POH it was identified caticlos, quinone and hidroquinoin. In the case of DCP, only it was possible to identify the clorobenzoquinona and some carboxylic acids.
As it was mentiond above, the hostility that AOP's presents is use of expensive reagents, and a possible alternative is the combination with biological process. In this study also, some strategies for these types of combination have been established, that was possible by means of a study of the improvement in the biodegradability of the treated solutions. In a second part of the work, therefore, the effect of these processes
was studied in the biodegradability enhancement of the solutions. The better results
were obtained by means of the process photo-Fenton, the ratios BOD5/COD increased
from O up to 0.92 and 0.48 for solutions of 100 ppm of POH and DCP respectively.
After time of irradiation of 30 min and initial concentrations of H2 02 of 65 ppm and 300 ppm, respectively. Later the improvement of the biodegradability of the treated solutions, was studied the biodegradation of some solutions pre-tried of POH and DCP.
Respect the DCP treated, the results have shown that activated sludge of a municipal wastewater plant could be adequate for the treatment of the pre-oxidize solutions and that was possible through co-digestion of the same with a residual water. By means of the combination photo Fenton -biological treatment. It was achieved up to a 89 of organic matter elimination. Continuing this line of investigation, it was developed also
a complete combined processes consist of DCP pre-treated via Photo oxidation and aerobic and anaerobio biological reactors type SBR (sequencing batch reactor). By means of this process, elimination of organic matter up to 93 of TOC was obtained in a signifícant cycle time. The same strategy was applied to phenol, in this part a comparison has been established between single and coupled processes, the results have
been shown that good improvement in organic matter take place in the combined processes.
Finally, the use of the photo oxidation processes was examined to eliminate the colour and improvement the biodegradability of dyes solutions. The results have shown that these processes can be use efficiently for colour elimination and biodegradability improvement of dyes solutions.
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Topkaya, Pinar. "Computer Simulation Of A Complete Biological Treatment Plant". Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609708/index.pdf.
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Nitrogen and phosphorus removal is often required before discharge of treated wastewater to sensitive water bodies. Kayseri Wastewater Treatment Plant (KWWTP) is a biological wastewater treatment plant that includes nitrogen and phosphorus removal along with carbon removal. The KWWTP receives both municipal wastewater and industrial wastewaters. In this study, KWWTP was modeled by using a software called GPS-X, which is developed for modeling municipal and industrial wastewaters. The Activated Sludge Model No.2d (ASM2d) developed by the International Association on Water Quality (IAWQ) was used for the simulation of the treatment plant. In this model, carbon oxidation, nitrification, denitrification and biological phosphorus removal are simulated at the same time.
During the calibration of the model, initially, sensitivities of the model parameters were analyzed. After sensitivity analysis, dynamic parameter estimation (DPE) was carried out for the optimization of the sensitive parameters. Real plant data obtained from KWWTP were used for DPE. The calibrated model was validated by using different sets of data taken from various seasons after necessary temperature adjustments made on the model.
Considerably good fits were obtained for removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS) and nitrogen related compounds. However, the results for phosphorus removal were not satisfactory, probably due to lack of information on volatile fatty acids concentration and alkalinity of the influent wastewater.
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Collings, Julia. "Sustainable technology for the biological treatment of waste". Thesis, University of Leicester, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30225.
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In this study the microbiological aspects of constructed wetlands were investigated during treatment of industrial effluents, using experimental reed beds in the UK, and also during the installation of reed beds for a commercial company in Ghana. The results showed that the microbiology of a reed bed is affected by the type and concentration of effluent that it is used to treat. Observational study, effluent treatment analysis and microbiological investigation of reed bed substrate, under various loading conditions, revealed that there may be an effect exerted by certain fractions of industrial waste streams that were detrimental to reed flora and the microbiological fauna of the reed beds. Inhibition of the microbial community of the reed bed substrate occurred in the reed beds treating factory effluent which were found to have had a significantly reduced microbial community in terms of colony forming units when compared to the reed beds treating domestic effluent. Treatment efficiency for biological oxygen demand ranged from 48-93%. In the UK, treatment of landfill leachate and tannery effluent showed that reed beds are effective in reducing effluent parameters such as chemical oxygen demand and total nitrogen. Treatment performance for landfill leachate showed total nitrogen reduction ranging from 37-97%. Chemical oxygen demand treatment efficiency ranged from 28-95%. Treatment performance in terms of total nitrogen reduction in tanner effluent ranged from 66-99%, and for chemical oxygen demand 53-87%.
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Batarseh, Eyad. "Chemical and Biological Treatment of Mature Landfill Leachate". Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2698.
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This dissertation is about treatment of the nonbiodegradable organic content of landfill leachate by chemical oxidation combined with biological treatment. It is divided into three parts. In the first part, ferrate was compared to Fenton's reagent for the purpose of removing non-biodegradable organic compounds from mature leachate. Oxidation conditions (time, pH, and dose) were optimized to yield maximum organic removal using two leachate samples from 20 and 12-year old solid waste cells. Results from this research demonstrated that ferrate and Fenton's reagent had similar optimum pH ranges (3-5), but different organic removal capacities, ranging from 54 to 79 % of initial leachate organic contents. An advantage of ferrate was that it was relatively effective over a wide pH range (Fenton's reagent lost its reactivity outside optimum pH range). Advantages associated with Fenton's reagent include a higher organic removal capacity, production of more oxidized organic compounds (measured as chemical oxygen demand/dissolved organic carbon), and production of more biodegradable byproducts (measured as 5-day biochemical oxygen demand/chemical oxygen demand). Finally, both treatments were found to oxidize larger molecules (>1000 dalton) and produce smaller molecules, as indicated by an increase in smaller molecule contribution to organic carbon. In part two, effects of Fenton's reagent treatment on biodegradability of three landfill leachates collected from a Florida landfill were evaluated using biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), biochemical methane potential (BMP), and tertamethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) thermochemolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The hypothesis was that Fenton's reagent will remove refractory compounds that inhibit biodegradation and will produce smaller, more biodegradable organic molecules which will result in an increase in BOD and BMP values. Both BOD and BMP results demonstrated that Fenton's reagent treatment did not convert mature leachate to biodegradable leachate, as indicated by a low BOD5 expressed as C /dissolved organic carbon (DOC) ratio of almost 0.15 in treated samples and a low net methane production / theoretical methane potential (less than 0.15). Ultimate BOD only slightly increased. However the first-order BOD reaction rate increased by more than five fold, suggesting that Fenton's reagent removed refractory and inhibitory compounds. BMP results demonstrated that the ratio of CO2/CH4 produced during anaerobic biodegradation did not increase in treated leachate (compared to untreated), indicating that small biodegradable organic acids produced by oxidation were removed by coagulation promoted by Fenton's reagent. Finally, the TMAH thermochemolysis results showed that several of the refractory and inhibitory compounds were detected fewer times in treated samples and that carboxylic acids did not appear in treated samples. In the third part of this dissertation the application of flushing/Fenton's reagent oxidation to produce sustainable solid waste cells was evaluated. A treatment similar to pump and treat process utilizing Fenton's reagent on-site treated leachate combined with in-situ aeration was proposed. Treated leachate would be recycled to the landfill cell flushes releasable nonbiodegradable carbon from the cell and oxidizes it externally. This technique was demonstrated to have treatment cost and time benefits over other alternatives for producing completely stable solid waste cells such as anaerobic flushing and biological and/or mechanical pretreatment of solid waste (used in the EU).Ph.D.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Environmental Engineering
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Demjaha, Arsime. "Biological and clinical determinants of treatment resistant schizophrenia". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/biological-and-clinical-determinants-of-treatment-resistant-schizophrenia(eeabcaab-e9c7-4d41-99e6-8428569f57d0).html.
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Up to one third of patients with schizophrenia show only limited response to dopamine blocking antipsychotic medication. This could be due to distinct neurobiological abnormalities in this subgroup of patients. While there is robust evidence to suggest that the neurobiology of schizophrenia involves increased presynaptic striatal dopaminergic elevation, little is known as to whether this abnormality is present in treatment resistance, and consequently the relationship between this dopamine abnormality and the lack of response to treatment remains unknown. Furthermore, it remains unclear whether treatment resistance manifests at the outset of illness, and perhaps has a neurodevelopmental origin, or whether it evolves over time, possibly as a result of a neurodegenerative process. The first study in this thesis investigated striatal presynaptic dopamine synthesis in twelve treatment resistant schizophrenic patients, twelve patients with schizophrenia who had responded to antipsychotics, and twelve healthy volunteers, using [18F]-DOPA Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Thus, it was possible to test the hypothesis that the response to treatment is determined by differences in presynaptic dopamine function. The results demonstrated that there were no significant differences in striatal dopamine synthesis capacity between treatment resistant patients and healthy volunteers, whilst dopamine synthesis capacity was significantly increased in responders relative to treatment resistant patients. The difference was most marked in the associative and the limbic striatal subdivisions. A second, large follow-up study of first episode psychosis (FEP) patients, examined the course of treatment resistance over the 10 year follow up. It was found that over 80% of treatment resistant patients were persistently resistant from the initiation of antipsychotic treatment. My PET study, due to its cross sectional design, could not determine whether the normal dopamine levels predate the antipsychotic exposure in treatment resistant patients. However, by demonstrating that a great majority of treatment resistant patients are resistant to dopamine blocking antipsychotics at first ever initiation of treatment, my second study raises the possibility that these patients may have had normal dopamine levels even at the outset of their psychotic illness. In the same FEP cohort it was possible to investigate neurodevelopmental predictors of treatment resistance. The finding that the negative symptom dimension and younger age of onset were significant predictors of treatment resistance is compatible with the view that TRS may be of neurodevelopmental origin. Overall, my observations in this thesis indicate that TRS may be a distinct and enduring subtype of schizophrenic illness of a possible neurodevelopmental origin whose pathophysiology is not marked by alterations in dopamine synthesis capacity. Findings emerging from this thesis provide a platform for future studies, which may lead to the discovery of much needed new treatments for this disabling and intractable condition.
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Do, Ngoc Thanh Thuy. "Biological treatment and recycling of textile processing effluents". Thesis, De Montfort University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/13296.
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In the present work, a mixed culture of Pseudomonas spp. capable of decolourising a range of selected textile dyes was isolated and used to develop a continuous culture system for the treatment of textile dye effluents. The bioprocess was optimised using biomass growth supports. The presence of a carbon source such as soluble wheat starch (0.2 % w/v) in dye solution media and effluent samples enhanced decolourisation. A polymer support (polyurethane foam) was used for immobilisation of "the bacteria in the laboratory-scale bioreactor, and helped create an integrated anaerobic I aerobic condition within the foam matrix and promote degradation of azo dyes and organic compounds. The system showed high levels of decolourisation up to 98 0/0 over 12 days of continuous operation. However, toxicity levels of dye samples increased up to 65 % after anaerobic biotreatment, due to the formation of toxic aromatic amines. The continuous culture bioprocess was also combined with membrane filtration technology to improve effluent treatment. Oecolourised, filtered effluents showed great reduction in COO, BODs and toxicity levels, and were found suitable for re-use in ~yeing processes. Dyed cotton fabrics did not show any significant difference with those dyed using normal supply water. These studies show great potential for improvement of an existing industrial effluent treatment plant through the use of biomass growth supports and the combination of membrane technology. Considerable savings are foreseeable through the implementation of the process, provided effluent recycling within the textile factory is successful.
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De, Luca Leandra Anali. "Optimizing the nitrogen removal in leachate treatment during continuous-flow biological treatment (KBR)". Thesis, KTH, Industriell bioteknologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298112.
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Användandet av deponier är en av de vanligaste metoderna för avfallshantering globalt. Trots insatser som gjordes för att förbjuda hushållsavfall i deponier under millennieskiftet, deponier skapade innan restriktionerna är fortfarande en risk för miljön. Under 2014 öppnade SÖRAB en kontinuerlig biologisk reningsanläggning (KBR-anläggning) på Löt Avfallsanläggning för att hantera lakvatten från en gammal deponi som under en tid fylldes med hushållsavfall. Sedan dess har SÖRAB arbetat med att förbättra KBR-anläggningen. Målet med denna studie är att utforma en driftstrategi för KBR-anläggningen för att förbättra kvävereningen vid låga temperaturer. Ett antal laborativa försök genomfördes, såsom den mikrobiella konsortiets livsduglighet i lakvattnet och tillväxten i både rumstemperatur och vid 4°C, bioaugmentation genom att berika den mikrobiella cellkulturen som redan finns i lakvattnet och hur detta förbättrar kvävereningen i jämförelse med tillsatser av den kommersiella bakterieblandningen ClearBlu Environmental och andra externa kolkällor. Resultaten från dessa laborativa försök påvisade komplett nitrifikation i både rumstemperatur och 4°C i berikat lakvatten från KBR-anläggningens L2A bassäng efter fem dagar. Försöket visade även på syresatt denitrifikation. Dessutom påvisades komplett denitrifikation inom fem dagar, vid rumstemperatur i lakvatten från anläggningens L2B bassäng. Under efterföljande pilotförsök påvisades möjligheten till upplivandet av den biologiska kvävereningen genom berikningen av den mikrobiella cellkulturen i lakvattnet. I ett pilotförsök då lakvatten från L2B bassängen berikades, komplett denitrifikation skedde under en anaerob fas på 16 dagar samt nitrifikation och aerob denitrifikation under ett påföljande 17 dagar lång aerob fas. Ett annat pilotförsök då lakvatten från L2A bassängen berikades påvisade både aerob och anaerob nitrifikation, då ammoniumrening skedde i både den syresatta och syrefria fasen. Tillsatsen av nutrient broth (näringsbuljong) kan påverka KBR-anläggningen, vilket kväver vidare studier. Resultatet från detta projekt tydligt påvisar att kvävereningen i KBR-anläggningen kan förbättras genom att berika den redan närvarande mikrobiella kulturen.Landfilling has been one of the most popular methods of handling waste globally. Despite the efforts made to stop the disposal of household waste during the turn of the millennia, the landfills formed before these restrictions are still at risk for causing harm to the environment. In 2014, SÖRAB opened a continuous-flow biological treatment (KBR) facility in Löt to treat the leachate produced in one of their older landfills, once filled with household waste. Since then, SÖRAB has been working on improving the treatment facility. The aim of this the study is to find a suitable process to enhance the nitrogen removal at low temperature. Several laboratory scale experiments were performed, such as viability of microbial consortia in the leachate and growth at room temperature and at 4°C, testing bioaugmentation by enriching the microbial cell culture in the leachate and their efficiency in removing nitrogen, compared to the commercial cell culture ClearBlu Environmental and carbon source addition. The results displayed complete nitrification at both room temperature and 4°C in bioaugmented, enriched leachate originating from the L2A basin of the KBR facility, after five days. These trials also suggested the occurrence of aerated denitrification. Complete denitrification within five days was seen at room temperature in bioaugmented, enriched leachate from the L2B basin of the same facility. The ensuing pilot scale trials proved the possibility to revive the biological nitrogen removal by microbial cell culture enrichment. In one pilot in which leachate from the L2B basin was enriched, complete denitrification in the anaerobic phase consisting of 16 days occurred, along with some nitrification and aerated denitrification in the 17 day long aerated phase that followed. Another pilot scale trail in which leachate from the L2A basin was enriched, both aerobic and anaerobic nitrification occurred, as ammonium removal occurred in both the aerated and unaerated phases. The addition of nutrient broth might influence the KBR system which needs further study. The results from this project clearly demonstrate that nitrogen removal in the KBR facility could be enhanced using a culture naturally present in the facility.
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Lumbers, Jeremy. "Rotating biological contactors : mechanisms, modelling and design". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47161.
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Li, Wen. "Improvement of Biological Processes of Inland Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant". Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-190742.
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This master thesis gives an account for various aeration schemes that are utilized in conventional activated sludge treatment process in a wastewater treatment plant. By altering between different aeration schemes, the project aimed at reducing energy consumption along with maintaining the treatment performance at the plant. A series of experiments on the treatment performance over several different aeration schemes thus has been conducted on site at Solviken in Mora, Sweden. The project is basically a case study where no parameters were manually controlled except for the aeration schemes at the plant. Energy consumption reduction is logically relative to the ratio between aeration and non-aeration intervals. Several criteria were tested in regards to the treatment performance, including pH value, organic matters, phosphorus substances and microorganisms. The study has come up with a superior aeration scheme for the plant, as well as indicated processes that can be improved at the plant.
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Tjernström, Linnéa. "Function of soil-based on-site wastewater treatment systems - Biological and chemical treatment capacity". Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik (flyttat 20130630), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-210716.
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On-site wastewater treatment systems are among the main Swedish anthropogenic sources of nutrients causing euthropication of the Baltic Sea. Among on-site systems in Sweden almost half have septic tank treatment followed by a soil-based system, in which the wastewater is treated through soil filtration. In this study a soil based technique for on-site wastewater treatment is studied where wastewater is filtered through a sand filter. Composite samples of influent and effluent at two sand filters in the area of Stockholm are sampled to determine their chemical and biological function and to compare their treatment capacity to requirements. Parameters within the scope of the study are tot-P, NH4-N, DOC, pH, turbidity and dissolved oxygen. Biological function was considered to be good in both systems as nitrification was high and the effluent had sufficient levels of dissolved oxygen suggesting aerobic conditions. Prevailing aerobic conditions in the sand filters would also indicate good reduction of organic substances which is the case for DOC as it was reduced by above 85 % for one site and almost 70 % for the other site. The overall high reduction of organic micropollutants in the systems, reported in another study, also suggests that biological function when it comes to reduction of organic substances is good. On the other hand, chemical function, with respect to reduction of phosphorus, was not sufficient as none of the systems fulfilled the requirements from HaV for normal or high protection level. In the systems tot-P was reduced by 42 and 54 % respectively. A drawback with the method approach used in the study is that the obtained reduction results only can represent the actual situation if variations in incoming and outgoing flow, variations in influent concentrations and magnitude of dilution of effluent compared to daily wastewater load are small. As these are unknown in this case it adds uncertainty to the results.Decentraliserade system för rening av avloppsvatten är bland de huvudsakliga svenska antropogena källorna till näringsämnen som bidrar till övergödning av Östersjön. Bland decentraliserade system i Sverige är nästan hälften system med slamavskiljare följt av ett markbaserat system i vilket avloppsvattnet renas genom infiltration i jord. I denna studie studeras en markbaserad teknik i vilken avloppsvattnet filtreras genom sand, en så kallad markbädd. En fältundersökning gjordes där samlingsprov av ingående och utgående avloppsvatten togs på två markbäddar i Stockholmsområdet för att bestämma deras biologiska och kemiska reningsfunktion samt att jämföra avskiljningen av fosfor i systemen med rekommendationer från HaV. Parametrar som inkluderats i studien är totalfosfor, ammonium-kväve, löst organiskt kol, pH, turbiditet och löst syre. Biologisk funktion ansågs bra i båda markbäddarna eftersom nitrifikationen var hög och utgående vatten hade tillräckliga halter av löst syre vilket implicerar att markbäddarna var väl syresatta. Rådande syrerika förhållanden i markbäddarna antyder också att organiskt material bryts ned avsevärt, vilket är fallet för löst kol som reducerades med mer än 85 % i en av markbäddarna och med nästan 70 % i den andra. Den höga reduktionen av organiska mikroföroreningar som påvisats i markbäddarna i en annan studie tyder också på att biologisk funktion med avseende på avsklijning av organiska substanser är bra. Kemisk funktion, med avseende på avskiljning av totalfosfor, var inte tillräcklig då ingen av markbäddarna levde upp till reduktionskraven från HaV för normal eller hög skyddsnivå. Totalfosfor avskiljdes med 42 respektive 54 % i markbäddarna. En nackdel med metoden som användes i studien är att de resultat som fåtts för avkiljning av de olika parametrarna endast kan representera den verkliga situationen om variationer i in- och utgående flöde samt variationer i ingående vattenkoncentrationer är små och om utspädningseffekten av utgående vatten är försumbar.
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Chai, Qian. "Modeling, estimation, and control of biological wastewater treatment plants". Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Engineering Cybernetics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-2082.
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The activated sludge process (ASP), as the most generally applied biological wastewater purification technique, attracts a great deal of attention from the research community in a highly populated, industrialized world. The main objective of this thesis is to investigate methods for e¢ cient development of activated sludge plant models and for possible improvements in process operation and performance through applications of advanced modeling and control techniques. Different topics in advanced control such as parameter estimation, state estimation, and model predictive control, are addressed, and the methods investigated in this thesis are illustrated with two activated sludge processes, a laboratory-scale nitrogen (N) removal plant and a full-scale phosphorus (P) removal plant: the Duvbacken wastewater treatment plant (WWTP).
As model representation is important in control oriented modeling, the object-oriented modeling approach providing open component-based architectures and reuse of components, is suggested in this thesis to achieve a more flexible model representation. The models of the N-removal process and the Duvbacken WWTP are developed based on the Activated Sludge Models (ASMs) which are generally accepted as the standard models of activated sludge processes (ASPs). The dynamic models are implemented in the object-oriented modeling language Modelica using the Dymola simulation environment, based on a modification of the Modelica library WasteWater. In order to build a good software development environment, special consideration is given to two Dymola interfaces: the Dymola-Matlab interface provided by Dymola and the Dymola-Python interface developed by the author. The application of the modeling approach in this thesis shows that the combination of Modelica/Dymola for efficient object-oriented modeling and Matlab for further analysis is a powerful tool for control system design.
The performances of some widely used state estimation techniques, such as the standard Kalman filter (KF), the extended Kalman filter (EKF), the unscented Kalman filter (UKF), the square-root unscented Kalman filter (SRUKF), and the moving horizon estimation (MHE), are evaluated with application to the N-removal process. The comparison of these filters for the N-removal process shows that the SRUKF improves numerical properties of the UKF and provides the best estimation performance, and the discrete-time EKF gives the fastest performance with a satisfactory estimation result. In addition, since a good characterization of the main compositions in the influent is very important to the performance of the ASM models, a method for simultaneously estimating both model state and influent composition (model disturbance) is developed using the discrete-time EKF and illustrated with the Duvbacken WWTP. The filter has a good convergence property for the observable process based on responses from the simulation model. However, when the filter is evaluated based on the experimental data, the performance of the filter is relatively poor due to unobservability of the system. Additional measurements are therefore needed to render the Duvbacken system locally observable.
Parameter estimation of activated sludge plant models is a challenging task, since the models are in general large-scale, nonlinear, and overparameterized. A procedure for parameter identifiability analysis is discussed and tested with the Duvbacken model. This systematic method proves to be very useful, since it reduces a large number of parameters to a small subset of parameters that can be identified from the available experimental data. The fitting of the model to real data from the industrial plant is not great but satisfactory, especially for those outputs which are important to the plant operation (e.g. concentration of phosphate SPO4 and concentration of total phosphorus TP).
Advanced control strategies for the ASP aeration system are suggested with the focus on the MPC algorithm, since MPC provides an optimization-based procedure with an elegant way of handling constraints and with capabilities of removing process disturbances. Both linear and nonlinear MPC techniques are evaluated with the N-removal process, and the simulation results show that the performances of the MPC controllers are satisfactory: the controllers guarantee that the strict e uent requirements are fulfilled. The nonlinear MPC strategy is also compared with some conventional rule-based controllers, and the MPC controller shows the most reduction of the energy consumption and offers the easiest way to handle the inequality constraints.
Finally, recommendations for future research directions are suggested to an N-removal project group at Telemark University College, Norway.
Paper B reproduced with kind permission of Elsevier
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Muz, Melis. "Ozone Treatment Of Excess Biological Sludge And Xenobiotics Removal". Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614310/index.pdf.
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novel ozone-assisted aerobic sludge digestion process to stabilize and decrease the amount of excess sludge produced during biological treatment is presented in this study.
Excess sludge production is a well known burden for the treatment plants both legally and financially. Moreover, with the arise in the knowledge in recalcitrant compounds it is understood that it can act as a significant secondary pollutant.
With the developed pulse ozonation method, waste activated sludge samples from Ankara Tatlar and other Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP) were ozonated for different periods in Erlenmeyer flasks once a day on each of four consecutive days. Flasks were continuously aerated between ozone applications on an orbital shaker. The MLVSS, MLSS, COD and OUR parameters were measured routinely during the course of four days of digestion in order to optimize the process. Also pH, CST(capillary suction time) and SVI (sludge volume index) were followed. As a result MLVSS reductions of up to 95% were achieved with an ozone dose of only 0.0056 kg O3/kg-initial MLSS, at the end of the fourth day.
In another experimental set, ozone dose was increased on the last day in order to destroy the selected endocrine disrupting compounds, namely diltiazem, carbamazepine, butyl benzyl phthalate and acetaminophen and two natural hormones estrone and progesterone, which accumulated onto the sludge. Over 99%
removal of these contaminants were achieved on the fourth day. The analyses were conducted by using LC(ESI) MS/MS after solid phase extraction (SPE).
By this process it became possible to save on contact time, as well as achieving a bio-solids digestion far exceeding the standard aerobic process at the expense of a minimum of ozone dose with the additional micropollutants removal. The developed process is deemed superior over side-stream ozonation of activated sludge in that it does not cause any reduction in active biomass amount that should be maintained in the aeration tank.
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Sheth, Ken S. "Biological treatment of heavy metals using sulfate reducing bacteria". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0019/MQ52663.pdf.
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Tolley, M. R. "The biological treatment of liquid wastes containing heavy metals". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335844.
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Amini-Rad, Hassan. "An experimental study of air scour in biological treatment". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336735.
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Barbosa, Vera Lucia. "Biological treatment of hydrogen sulphide by activated sludge diffusion". Thesis, Cranfield University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422391.
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Smith, Rona Marie. "Biological therapy in the treatment of ANCA associated vasculitis". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2016. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709472.
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Aboobakar, Amina. "Quantification of greenhouse gas emissions in biological wastewater treatment". Thesis, Cranfield University, 2014. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8494.
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There is an increasing need to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and to identify influencing factors from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), particularly process emissions consisting of nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane (CH4) GHG, with global warming potentials about 310 and 21 times higher than carbon dioxide (CO2) respectively (IPCC, 2006). However, the challenges offered by full-scale environments, have to date, restricted a real-time, comprehensive approach of monitoring emissions and influencing factors. This study aimed at addressing this knowledge gap, by reporting the findings of a long-term, online, continuous monitoring of GHG emissions and operational variables. Lanes were monitored in nitrifying activated sludge plants (ASP) controlled under ammonia (NH4 + ) and dissolved oxygen (DO) set-points (DO setpoints monitored: 1.5 and 2.0 mg/L), as well as in a biological nutrient removal plant (BNR) under NH4 + control. The findings showed that CH4, although potentially formed in non-aerated compartments, was emitted in aerobic zones, at an average emission factor (EF) of 0.07 % of influent and removed chemical oxygen demand (COD). Nitrous oxide EFs on the other hand, depended on relative nitrogen fractions, with influent-based EFs showing a best-case scenario, at 0.05–0.72 % of both influent total nitrogen (TN) and NH4 + , compared to the higher EFs based on removed nitrogen at 0.13–3.9 % of TN and NH4 + removed. The processes operated under the same control settings (DO set-point 1.5 mg/L), had similar, or identical, EF, suggesting that settings could help predict the range of EF. Nitrous oxide was always produced in the presence of NH4 + , even at low concentrations (=<0.5 mg/L), therefore linking N2O production with NH4 + oxidation, particularly with nitrifier nitrification. Incomplete denitrification under low carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratios also triggered N2O production (EFs of 2.4 and 4.1 % of reduced TN at C/N ratios of 2.8 and 2.4 respectively), particularly with intermittent aeration. Therefore, nitrifier denitrification and incomplete denitrification simultaneously occurred and triggered N2O production in the final stages of nitrification. The BNR lane was the most operationally stable process, therefore offering the best balance between efficiency (60–99 % less aeration and energy per kg of treated NH4 + ), low carbon footprint and reduced EFs (0.08–0.1 % of all nitrogen fractions). The second best option was the DO set-point control of 1.5 mg/L, with low EFs (0.05–0.2 %), stable operational conditions and reduction in aeration requirements (up to 340 % less than DO set-point 2.0 mg/L). Operating ASP under NH4 + control however, led to 7–96 % more efficiency than under DO set-points, although it required better control in the back end of the process. Only an online, long-term methodology such as adopted in this study, could provide insights into emission variability and the effect of operational variables on promoting or reducing emissions. Based on this, strategies to mitigate emissions at full-scale were recommended.
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Coughtrie, Andrew Robert. "Coupling hydrodynamic and biological process models for wastewater treatment". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/16207/.
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This thesis considers the problem of modelling bioreactors with complex mixing and biokinetic growth based on both soluble nutrients and photosynthesis. From the results of investigations performed on the different modelling methods for nutrient and photosynthesis dependent biomass growth a method of coupling the two biokinetic models was proposed. This new photosynthesis-nutrient (PN) model was then investigated, validated and determined capable of predicting growth characteristics dependent on both nutrient and photosynthetic processes. Additionally an investigation into the factors which may influence the results when using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to model the flow field within a gas-lift bioreactor was performed. It was determined that one of the main factors which must be considered when modelling bioreactors with boundary layer flow separation is the choice of turbulence model. In the case presented here it was found that the transition SST turbulence model provided the best results with the k-w SST also performing well. Finally, a method of coupling the PN and CFD models was proposed and investigated. The photosynthesis-nutrient-hydrodynamic (PNH) model also incorporated a model for diffusion of light within the bioreactor to allow for investigations into the effects of light absorption and scattering within the bioreactor and how mixing affects the active biomass. Further investigation of this new PNH model determined that the coupling of the biokinetics and flow field provided some insight into the ability of a well-mixed bioreactor to counter low light penetration to an extent.
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Kuhn, David Dwight. "Enhancing Aquaculture Sustainability Through Water Reuse and Biological Treatment". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26723.
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Overfishing of natural fisheries is a global issue that is becoming more urgent as the human population increases exponentially. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, over 70% of the worldâ s seafood species are fully exploited or depleted. This high demand for seafood protein is not going away; and, in fact, an astonishing one out of five people in this world depend on this source of protein. Traditional aquaculture practices use pond and flow-through systems which are often responsible for discharging pollutants into the environment. Furthermore, aquacultural feeds often contain high levels of fish protein, so the demand on wild fisheries is not completely eased. Even though traditional aquaculture has these drawbacks, there is a significant movement towards more sustainable practices. For example, implementing recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) maximizes the reuse of culture water which decreases water demand and minimizes the levels of pollutants being discharged to the environment. And, alternative proteins (e.g., soy bean) are replacing the fish and seafood proteins in aquaculture diets.
Accordingly, the research described in this dissertation focused on maximizing the reuse of freshwater fish effluent to culture marine shrimp. More specifically, by using suspended-growth biological reactors to treat a tilapia effluent waste stream and to generate microbial flocs that could be used to support shrimp culture. This RAS technology will decrease water consumption by increasing the amount of recycled water and will also improve effluent water quality. The biomass generated in the bioreactors could be used to feed shrimp with an alternative source of protein. Treating fish effluent to be reused to culture shrimp while producing this alternative feed, could significantly decrease operational costs and make these operations more sustainable.
Understanding which ions are critical for the survival and normal growth of marine shrimp in freshwater effluents is essential. It is also very important to understand how to convert an effluentâ s organic matter into food for shrimp. Results from studies revealed that the marine shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, can be raised in freshwater effluent when supplemented with specific ions and wet microbial flocs fed directly to shrimp can enhance growth in shrimp fed a restricted ration of commercial feed. The treatability of the tilapia effluent using suspended-growth, biological reactors and nutritional analysis of the generated biomass were also reported. Carbon supplementation enhanced reactor performance and microbial floc generation. These microbial flocs also proved to be a superior feed ingredient when dried and incorporated into a pellet feed.Ph. D.
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Zivich, Jamie Dionne. "Biological Health Assessment of an Industrial Wastewater Treatment Facility". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43523.
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The biological treatment of wastewaters from an industry was studied. Among the more important wastewater constituents of concern were high levels of suspended solids, due to graphite and nitrocellulose, the solvents, ethanol and acetone, and nitroglycerine (NG). The goal of this project was divided into four objectives.
The impacts of graphite on a microbial population were evaluated. Sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were used to monitor the effects of graphite on mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), removal of soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD), and specific oxygen uptake rates (sOUR). Graphite appeared to have no adverse effect on the microbes.
The potential benefits of adding sucrose, nitrogen, and phosphorus to SBRs were evaluated. The MLSS was maintained at 1,250 mg/L, similar to the microbial population in the suspended growth system at the industry. Sucrose addition increased the sCOD removals and sOUR. No direct effect was observed with the addition of nitrogen and phosphorus.
The treatability of acetone and ethanol was studied through sOUR and batch testing to determine bacterial response to solvents. Both solvents were utilized by the microbes. The concentrations tested proved to be beneficial, not inhibitory. Ethanol and a 50/50 mixture of acetone and ethanol were more viable substrates than acetone.
NG treatability was examined under anoxic and aerobic conditions in SBRs and batch biological reactors. NG degradation occurred under anoxic conditions, but was more favorable in aerobic environments. NG was degraded in all SBR tests to below detection limit (0.5 mg/L); therefore, the optimal treatment could not be determined.Master of Science
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Bi, Tianzhu. "Biological Treatment of Milk and Soybean Wastewater with Bioproducts". Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1292017443.
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Wolfe, Christopher L. "Biological and physical treatment of crab processing industry wastewaters". Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08042009-040526/.
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Lubkowitz, Erika M. "Biological treatment schemes for preventing oxime inhibition of nitrification". Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10022008-063211/.
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Kang, Young Woon. "Biological treatment of turkey processing wastewater with sand filtration". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1078903968.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxi, 187 p.; also includes graphic (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Karen M. Mancl, Dept. of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering. Includes bibliographical references (p. 169-178).
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Kent, Tanya Denise. "The effect of media size on biological aerated filter performance". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287176.
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Basu, Pradipta Ranjan. "Evaluation of biological treatment for the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in a wastewater treatment plant". Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2418.
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Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbon can be an effective treatment method
applied to control oil pollution in both fresh water and marine environments.
Hydrocarbon degraders, both indigenous and exogenous, are responsible for utilizing
petroleum hydrocarbon as their substrate for growth and energy, thereby degrading
them. Biodegradation of hydrocarbons is often enhanced by bioaugmentation and
biostimulation depending on the contaminated environment and the competence of the
hydrocarbon degraders present. An evaluation of the performance of the biological
treatment of petroleum hydrocarbon by the hydrocarbon degrading microbes at the
Brayton Fire School??s 4 million gallon per day (MGD) wastewater treatment plant was
the main research objective. Samples were taken for two seasons, winter (Nov 03 ?? Jan
03) and summer (Jun 04 ?? Aug 04), from each of the four treatment units: the inlet tank,
equalization tank, aeration tank and the outfall tank. The population of aliphatic
hydrocarbon degraders were enumerated and nutrient availability in the system were
used to evaluate the effectiveness of on-going bioaugmentation and biostimulation.
Monitoring of general effluent parameters was conducted to evaluate the treatment
plant??s removal efficiency and to determine if effluent discharge was in compliance with
the TCEQ permit. The aeration tank is an activated sludge system with no recycling.
Hydrocarbon degraders are supplied at a constant rate with additional nutrient
supplement. There was a significant decrease in the population of microbes that was
originally fed to the system and the quantity resident in the aeration tank. Nutrient levels
in the aeration tank were insufficient for the concentration of hydrocarbon degraders,
even after the application of dog food as a biostimulant. The use of dog food is not
recommended as a nutrient supplement. Adding dog food increases the nitrogen and
phosphorus concentration in the aeration tank but the amount of carbon being added with
the dog food increases the total chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical
oxygen demand (BOD). An increase in the concentration of total COD and BOD further
increases the nitrogen and phosphorus requirement in the system. The main objective of
supplying adequate nutrients to the hydrocarbon degraders would never be achieved as
there would be an additional demand of nutrients to degrade the added carbon source.
This research study was conducted to identify the drawbacks in the treatment plant
which needs further investigation to improve efficiency.
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Christian, Sarah Jeung soon. "Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Biological and Non-Biological Treatments for Postpartum Depression". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3571.
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I provided an updated, comprehensive review of treatments for mothers diagnosed with postpartum depression. Studies included in this meta-analysis were single-group pre-posttest, non-randomized and randomized controlled studies published from 1986 to 2010 that included face-to-face psychotherapy and psychopharmacology as well as non-traditional methods such as exercise and nurse-assisted counseling. 53 published studies were analyzed. The randomized studies showed a moderate to large effects (d= 0.72 to 1.25, k= 9) when postpartum interventions were compared to a control condition, and smaller effects (d= 0.3 to 0.57, k = 13) to treatment as usual. When postpartum interventions were compared to each other there was small to no difference in effect sizes (k = 9). All of the non-randomized comparisons showed no significant difference, except when therapy was compared to treatment as usual (d= 0.55, k = 2). Pre-post studies showed large effect sizes for therapy (d= 0.95, k = 7) and medication treatments (d= 4.30, k = 5). Influence analyses suggest that two studies had a large effect on aggregate effect sizes and heterogeneity statistics. Moderator and multivariate analyses were largely underpowered. Publication bias was not significantly related to outcome. Clinical implications for postpartum depression treatments and directions for future research were identified.
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Kumar, Mandeep. "Chemical and biological treatment of wastewater from N, N’- Dintrosopentamethylenetetramine manufacturing industries". Thesis, IIT Delhi, 2019. http://eprint.iitd.ac.in:80//handle/2074/8037.
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Hodges, Alan J. "Alternative Treatment Technologies for Low-Cost Industrial and Municipal Wastewater Management". DigitalCommons@USU, 2017. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5884.
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Roughly the same volume of water that rushes over the Niagara Falls is produced as wastewater in North America. This wastewater is treated through a variety of means to ensure that it can be safely returned to the natural ecosystem. This thesis examines two novel means for this treatment, one biological and one physical-chemical in nature, namely, Rotating Algae Biofilm Reactor treatment and expanded shale augmented coagulation-flocculation.
Rotating algae biofilm reactors (RABRs) support biofilm algae growth, and in turn, the algae take up harmful contaminants from the wastewater. This system was tested in wastewater from petroleum refining operations. The efficacy of the RABR system was compared with a traditional method of wastewater treatment, open pond lagoons, where wastewater is open to sunlight and algae growth occurs in suspension as compared to the biofilm formed by the RABR system. The RABR treatment demonstrated a statistically significant increase in removal of three constituents in wastewater that are harmful to the environment: nitrogen, phosphorus, and suspended solids. Additionally, the RABR treatment demonstrated increased biomass production. This biomass can be converted into a variety of bioproducts including biofuels, agricultural feed, and nutraceuticals. This study is the first demonstration of this system in petroleum refining wastewater.
Currently, many wastewater treatment facilities use coagulation-flocculation to remove suspended solids from the wastewater. To achieve this removal, coagulants are added to the wastewater, which removes surface charges of the suspended particles, allowing particles in solution to coalesce and settle by gravity out of solution. One common coagulant added to wastewater is ferric sulfate. This study demonstrated that the addition of a new compound, expanded shale, to ferric sulfate could greatly improve the efficacy of the existing ferric sulfate coagulation system.
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Mehta, Naveen K. Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Engineering more potent vaccines for the treatment of cancer and autoimmunity". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/123065.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering, 2019Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 171-181).
Vaccination against infectious diseases has long been heralded as one of the greatest advancements in public health, yet its application to other clinical indications has fallen short of expectations. In this thesis, we apply engineering principles to develop more potent vaccines in the treatment of cancer and autoimmunity. Both major components of molecular vaccines, antigen and adjuvant, are independently explored as a part of this work. Our antigen studies sought to improve the delivery of peptide epitopes to lymphoid organs by fusing epitopes to inert protein carriers with defined pharmacokinetic properties. To promote anti-tumor immunity, we found that antigen carriers should 1) protect peptide cargo from proteolytic degradation, 2) be appropriately bulky to drain into the lymphatics, and 3) be rapidly cleared once in the blood to prevent tolerization at distal poorly inflamed organs.
Applying these principles, we identified transthyretin as an optimal delivery protein, and demonstrated efficacy against a number of clinically relevant antigens. Because our protein-epitope fusion approach is fully recombinant in nature, we were able to convert our protein vaccines into nucleic acid modalities, including plasmid DNA and self-replicating RNA, which are significantly easier and cheaper to manufacture at scale. Finally, we applied our learnings to purposefully induce tolerization in the treatment of autoimmunity, and found that albumin is a particularly efficacious antigen carrier protein for this application due to its extended half-life. On the adjuvant front, we attempted to engineer novel Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) agonists via yeast surface display. Although we successfully developed high affinity TLR3 binders, all tested clones failed to agonize TLR3 despite the utilization of several multimerization strategies.
Separately, in an effort to better understand adjuvant biology, we conducted a detailed mechanistic study of lipo-CpG, a particularly potent amphiphilic CpG variant previously developed by the Irvine lab. We uncovered a cascade of inflammatory signals originating from monocytes that facilitates the induction of high magnitude T cell responses, largely by acting in trans rather than directly on the antigen-presenting cell. Overall, these studies have elucidated a number of design principles that should aid in the engineering of next generation vaccines to better treat cancer and autoimmunity.
by Naveen K. Mehta.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering
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Padron, Harold. "Combined anaerobic/aerobic treatment for municipal wastewater". ScholarWorks@UNO, 2004. http://louisdl.louislibraries.org/u?/NOD,110.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of New Orleans, 2004.Title from electronic submission form. "A thesis ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Environmental Engineering Program."--Thesis t.p. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Elving, Josefine. "Pathogen inactivation and regrowth in organic waste during biological treatment /". SLU : Dept. of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2009. http://epsilon.slu.se/11652700.pdf.
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Codal, Ahmet. "Modeling Of Nitrogen Removal In A Membrane Biological Treatment Process". Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12610212/index.pdf.
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Biological nitrogen removal was simulated for a Vacuum Rotating Membrane (VRM) type membrane bioreactor (MBR) operated in METU campus. In order to simulate the biological MBR plant, a dynamic model that describes the process is needed. In this thesis, the Activated Sludge Model No.1 (ASM1), which still is the most widely used model developed by the International Association on Water Quality (IAWQ), has been used to simulate the carbon oxidation, nitrification and denitrification processes occurring in the plant using AQUASIM software package.
Once the model was established, sensitivities of the model parameters were analyzed. Then, parameter estimation was carried out for the optimization of the sensitive parameters. As we have several distinct data sets available two parallel modeling study was carried out for the calibration of the model. Finally, the calibrated model by different data sets was validated by using the remaining data sets.
The model results were consistent with the measured data especially in terms of MLSS concentration in the system. However model results for the nitrogen removal were not extremely successfulthe reason for this might be the inadequate available data on nitrification-denitrification process occurring in the system.
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Bérubé, Pierre. "High temperature biological treatment of foul evaporator condensate for reuse". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0028/NQ48606.pdf.
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Mendoza, Espinosa Leopoldo Guillermo. "Upflow and downflow biological aerated filters (BAFs) for wastewater treatment". Thesis, Cranfield University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268131.
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Uapipatanakul, Boontida. "Harmonising metalworking fluid formulations with end-of-life biological treatment". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:83a01f43-e9e2-42cb-a23c-cbc31b3ba1b5.
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Metalworking fluids (MWFs) are coolants and lubricants, which are widely employed in metal cutting works. They are designed to be a long lasting product. Manufacturers have designed MWFs with lack of awareness of end-of-life disposal by including biocides, which make biological treatment challenging. Here, Syntilo 9913 was used as a case study to develop a cradle-to-grave product that was biologically stable in use but amenable to sustainable hybrid biological treatment at end-of-life. The product was reverse engineered employing factorial design approach based on a priori knowledge of the product components. From the combinatorial work, it was observed that chemical interactions can results in synergistic and antagonistic effects in terms of the toxicity and biodegradability. One of the major components of most MWFs are amines such as Triethanolamine (TEA). TEA does not biodeteriorate in single compound screening, but in combination with many other components TEA was found to cause "softening" of MWF formulations. Octylamine was found to be best for "bio-hardening" but it was not economically sustainable. Hence, the modified biocide-free synthetic MWF, Syntilo 1601, was reformulated with TEA, isononanoic acid, neodecnoic acid, Cobratec TT50S, and pluronic 17R40, which were resistant to biological treatment. Although, no change in the overall oxidation state of the MWF, metabolic activity did occur as breakdown products were observed. This suggested that both raw materials and metabolic breakdown products were recalcitrant. Thus, immobilisation agents were applied to aid further biodegradation by removing toxic bottleneck compounds. It was found that hybrid nano-iron and kaffir lime leaf performed similarly in removing chemical oxygen demand and ammonium from the system. Work in this Thesis demonstrated that the combined use of biological treatment and immobilisation agents effectively overcome the limitations of biological treatment alone by removing bottleneck compounds, which allowed greater COD reduction. This laboratory scale is a proof of principle, which needs to be tested at full scale.