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Kabeyi, Moses Jeremiah Barasa, i Oludolapo Akanni Olanrewaju. "Biogas Production and Applications in the Sustainable Energy Transition". Journal of Energy 2022 (9.07.2022): 1–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8750221.
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Biogas is competitive, viable, and generally a sustainable energy resource due to abundant supply of cheap feedstocks and availability of a wide range of biogas applications in heating, power generation, fuel, and raw materials for further processing and production of sustainable chemicals including hydrogen, and carbon dioxide and biofuels. The capacity of biogas based power has been growing rapidly for the past decade with global biogas based electricity generation capacity increasing from 65 GW in 2010 to 120 GW in 2019 representing a 90% growth. This study presents the pathways for use of biogas in the energy transition by application in power generation and production of fuels. Diesel engines, petrol or gasoline engines, turbines, microturbines, and Stirling engines offer feasible options for biogas to electricity production as prme movers. Biogas fuel can be used in both spark ignition (petrol) and compression ignition engines (diesel) with varying degrees of modifications on conventional internal combustion engines. In internal combustion engines, the dual-fuel mode can be used with little or no modification compared to full engine conversion to gas engines which may require major modifications. Biogas can also be used in fuel cells for direct conversion to electricity and raw material for hydrogen and transport fuel production which is a significant pathway to sustainable energy development. Enriched biogas or biomethane can be containerized or injected to gas supply mains for use as renewable natural gas. Biogas can be used directly for cooking and lighting as well as for power generation and for production of Fischer-Tropsch (FT) fuels. Upgraded biogas/biomethane which can also be used to process methanol fuel. Compressed biogas (CBG) and liquid biogas (LBG) can be reversibly made from biomethane for various direct and indirect applications as fuels for transport and power generation. Biogas can be used in processes like combined heat and power generation from biogas (CHP), trigeneration, and compression to Bio-CNG and bio-LPG for cleaned biogas/biomethane. Fuels are manufactured from biogas by cleaning, and purification before reforming to syngas, and partial oxidation to produce methanol which can be used to make gasoline. Syngas is used in production of alcohols, jet fuels, diesel, and gasoline through the Fischer-Tropsch process.
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Itodo, Isaac N., Dorcas K. Yakubu i Theresa K. Kaankuka. "The Effects of Biogas Fuel in an Electric Generator on Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Power Output, and Fuel Consumption". Transactions of the ASABE 62, nr 4 (2019): 951–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13394.
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Abstract. The rising cost of fossil fuels, global warming from greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, unreliable grid supply electricity, and overdependence on hydropower electricity have resulted in low electricity per capita in Nigeria. This study was undertaken to produce, purify, and use biogas as a fuel to generate electricity with a 3.5 kW spark-ignition engine generator and determine its effect on GHG emissions, power output, and fuel consumption. Unpurified and purified biogas were used as fuels. The biogas was purified in water and in a calcium chloride solution. The fuels used to power the generator were gasoline, unpurified biogas, water-purified biogas, and calcium chloride-purified biogas. The GHGs measured were carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and sulfur dioxide. The biogas was produced with a 3 m3 capacity floating-drum biogas plant. The total solids concentration and carbon/nitrogen ratio of the influent and effluent slurries were determined. The effects of fuel type on GHG emissions were determined in a 4 × 4 factorial experiment with three replicates in a completely randomized design. The effects of fuel type on power output and fuel consumption of the generator were determined in a 4 × 2 factorial experiment with three replicates in a completely randomized design. The results were analyzed using analysis of variance at p = 0.05. Duncan’s new multiple range test was used to separate means when there was significant difference. The results obtained showed that carbon dioxide emission was not affected by purification of the biogas because the carbon dioxide emissions from the fuel types were not significantly different. The carbon monoxide emission was much higher from the unpurified biogas than from the purified biogas fuels, although gasoline had the highest carbon monoxide emission. The water-purified biogas had the least carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide emissions. The unpurified biogas had the least nitrogen oxide emission compared to the purified biogas fuels and gasoline. The power output from the unpurified biogas was not significantly different from that of gasoline and was higher than the purified biogas fuels. The fuel consumptions of the purified biogas fuels were not significantly different. The water-purified biogas is recommended for use as fuel for the production of electricity from a spark-ignition engine generator. Keywords: Biogas, Effects, Electricity, Fuel consumption, Greenhouse gas emissions, Power output.
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Lie, David, I. Wayan Bandem Adnyana i Tjokorda Gde Tirta Nindhia. "Studi Emisi Dan Konsumsi Bahan Bakar Genset Bermesin 2 Langkah Dual Fuels (Biogas – Metanol)". Jurnal METTEK 8, nr 2 (30.11.2022): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mettek.2022.v08.i02.p05.
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Saat ini kualitas biogas di berbagai instalasi digester anaerobik untuk pengolahan sampah organik masih belum optimal, terutama di negara berkembang yang belum banyak dikenal pemahamannya tentang pengolahan anaerobik. Kandungan metana dalam biogas biasanya didapati rendah sehingga tidak memungkinkan untuk digunakan sebagai bahan bakar mesin. Pemurnian Biogas biasanya akan diperkenalkan sebagai solusi untuk mengurangi gas pengotor pada biogas seperti CO2, H2S, dan H2O sehingga layak digunakan sebagai bahan bakar mesin. Dibeberapa penelitian sebelumnya, menggunakan biogas sebagai bahan bakar mesin mendapatkan konsumsi bahan bakar yang tinggi (boros). Solusi lain disarankan dengan biogas diperkaya dengan bahan bakar lain (dual fuels). Penelitian ini memperkenalkan teknik sederhana untuk metode biogas diperkaya dengan menggunakan metanol. Metanol adalah salah satu jenis alkohol dimana metanol merupakan salah satu bahan bakar yang dapat diperbaharui (renewable energy). Metanol yang digunakan memiliki kemurnian 97% yang sudah berada di pasaran. Biogas yang digunakan pada penelitian ini memiliki kandungan metana sebesar 52%vol. Generator set (genset) bermesin 2 langkah yang memiliki kapasitas 63cc dengan kompresi 10 bar disiapkan untuk penelitian ini agar memungkinkan untuk dioperasikan menggunakan dual fuels biogas diperkaya metanol. Diketahui genset bermesin 2 langkah bekerja dengan baik dengan menggunakan bahan bakar biogas yang diperkaya dengan metanol. Konsumsi bahan bakar pada generator set (genset) bermesin 2 langkah menggunakan biogas yang diperkaya metanol diketahui mendapatkan hasil yang lebih baik bila dibandingkan dengan biogas saja. Emisi gas buang ditemukan lebih baik dibandingkan menggunakan biogas saja untuk mesin yang sama.
Quality of biogas in various anaerobic digester installations for processing organic waste is not optimal, especially in developing countries where there is not much knowledge about anaerobic processing. The methane content in biogas is usually found to be low so it is not possible to use it as engine fuel. Biogas purification will be a solution to reduce impurity gases in biogas such as CO2, H2S, and H2O so that it is suitable for use as engine fuel. In some previous studies, using biogas as engine fuel gets high fuel consumption (wasteful). Another solution is suggested with biogas enriched with other fuels (dual fuels). This study introduces a simple technique for the biogas enrichment method using methanol. Methanol is a type of alcohol where methanol is a renewable fuel. The methanol used has a purity of 97% which is already on the market. The biogas used in this study contains 52% vol of methane. A generator set with a 2 stroke engine which has a capacity of 63cc with a compression of 10 bar was prepared for this research to allow it to be operated using dual fuels biogas enriched with methanol. The 2 stroke engine generator works well using biogas fuel enriched with methanol. The fuel consumption of a 2-stroke engine generator set using biogas enriched with methanol is known to get better results when compared to only biogas. Exhaust emissions were found to be better than using only biogas for the same engine.
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Shah, M. S., P. K. Halder, A. S. M. Shamsuzzaman, M. S. Hossain, S. K. Pal i E. Sarker. "Perspectives of Biogas Conversion into Bio-CNG for Automobile Fuel in Bangladesh". Journal of Renewable Energy 2017 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4385295.
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The need for liquid and gaseous fuel for transportation application is growing very fast. This high consumption trend causes swift exhaustion of fossil fuel reserve as well as severe environment pollution. Biogas can be converted into various renewable automobile fuels such as bio-CNG, syngas, gasoline, and liquefied biogas. However, bio-CNG, a compressed biogas with high methane content, can be a promising candidate as vehicle fuel in replacement of conventional fuel to resolve this problem. This paper presents an overview of available liquid and gaseous fuel commonly used as transportation fuel in Bangladesh. The paper also illustrates the potential of bio-CNG conversion from biogas in Bangladesh. It is estimated that, in the fiscal year 2012-2013, the country had about 7.6775 billion m3 biogas potential equivalent to 5.088 billion m3 of bio-CNG. Bio-CNG is competitive to the conventional automobile fuels in terms of its properties, economy, and emission.
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Dimitrov, Radostin, Zdravko Ivanov, Penka Zlateva i Veselin Mihaylov. "Optimization of biogas composition in experimental studies". E3S Web of Conferences 112 (2019): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911202007.
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The article is focused on the potential and application of biogas, as an alternative fuel from Renewable Energy Sources, for use mainly in gas-generator stations. Biogas fuel is basically a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide. Its composition depends on the type of raw material used for its production. Methane concentration in biogas is between 50÷80%. To be possible engine to work with maximum efficiency with different biogas fuels, it is necessary to modify specific adjustment parameters depending on the concentration of methane in the mixture. This requires the creation of a biogas simulation system for different concentrations of the main components. The aim is to investigate and determine the optimum and permissible biofuel blend concentrations and their impact on engine performance and fuel consumption. Biogas can be used as a fuel to produce electricity, heat or steam or as fuel for internal combustion engine, and its use will help to reduce harmful emissions into the atmosphere.
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Lyng, Kari-Anne, i Andreas Brekke. "Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Biogas as a Fuel for Transport Compared with Alternative Fuels". Energies 12, nr 3 (7.02.2019): 532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12030532.
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Upgraded biogas, also known as biomethane, is increasingly being used as a fuel for transport in several countries and is regarded as an environmentally beneficial option. There are, nevertheless, few studies documenting the environmental impacts of biogas as a transport fuel compared with the alternatives on the market. In this study, life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology was applied to compare the environmental performance of biogas used as a fuel for bus transport with natural gas, electricity fueled buses, biodiesel, and fossil diesel. A sensitivity analysis was performed for the biogas alternative to assess the importance of the underlying assumptions. The results show that biogas has a relatively low contribution to the environmental impact categories assessed. Emissions of greenhouse gases are dependent on assumptions such as system boundaries, transport distances and methane leakages.
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Hariyanto, Kris. "Performa Pembakaran Kompor Biogas Menuju Desa Mandiri Energi di Yogyakarta". Conference SENATIK STT Adisutjipto Yogyakarta 2 (15.11.2016): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.28989/senatik.v2i0.58.
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Biogas is an alternative energy sources as a substitute for fossil fuels in household activities daily, but there are obstacles in the use of biogas, namely the difficulty of arranging a flame that is stable and fuel consumption relatively less efficient biogas. So it takes a design development system that will produce a burning stove produces biogas-fueled stove fits the purpose of research, on the other hand biogas stove should be simple, cheap production price, maximum efficiency and safe to use. Stages in the study include: desk assessment, creation of objective requirements desing, manufacture conceptual and basic design, manufacture real stove. As for knowing the performance of the stove carried ujji stove performance are: test flame stability and efficiency. The results showed that the efficiency of the biogas stove design results in only 31 percent higher than the efficiency of biogas stoves old design, while the fuel consumption of biogas stoves new design is 16 percent lower when compared with fuel consumption of biogas stoves old design. In terms of manufacture and ease of repair and maintenance of gas cookers new design is more easily repaired and easy to make and simple in form compared with the old design biogas stoves. Keywords— design, efficiency, biogas stoves, fuel consumption
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KISHORRE, V. Annanth, A. KAREN, K. Abhishek VEDA, H. NIRANJAN, K. Anusha KRISHNA, N. GOBINATH i M. FEROSKHAN. "Evaluating the effect of DEE blending ratio in biogas-biodiesel fuelled dual-fuel engine". INCAS BULLETIN 13, nr 3 (4.09.2021): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.13111/2066-8201.2021.13.3.6.
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Fossil fuels are depleting faster than being consumed. Fuels with higher efficiency, less consumability, and ecocity are very much desired for the present scenario. In this investigation, a conventional single-cylinder CI engine is utilized in dual-fuel mode, in which biogas is the primary fuel while biodiesel (palm oil) with different DEE blending ratios is used (5%, 10%, and 15%) as a secondary fuel. For each DEE blend, biogas flow rate and loads are varied and their effect on brake thermal efficiency, pilot fuel energy ratio, CO, NOx, and HC emissions are estimated. Exhaust gas emissions were calculated using an AVL 5-gas emission analyser. The calorific value and density of each sample are calculated. It is witnessed from the experiments that 5% DEE used with lower biogas flow rate resulted in high brake thermal efficiency of 31.83%. Also, an increase in DEE is found to increase NOx emission while an increase in biogas flow rate resulted in a reduction in NOx emission. The addition of biogas is experimentally observed to have the potential in reducing pilot fuel consumption.
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Abdurrakhman, Arief, Dhirga Kurniawan, Mohammad Berel Toriki i Bambang Lelono Widjiantoro. "KARAKTERISASI KECEPATAN PUTARAN BERDASARKAN RASIO INPUT BAHAN BAKAR PADA GENERATOR SET DUAL FUEL (GASOLINE – BIOGAS) MENGGUNAKAN JARINGAN SYARAF TIRUAN". JTT (Jurnal Teknologi Terapan) 6, nr 1 (15.04.2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31884/jtt.v6i1.238.
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Currently, energy consumption in Indonesia has increased so that the utilization of renewable energy is more developed to supply projections for future energy needs. One of the renewable energy sources that is being developed is biogas, especially for household-scale biogas. There are several types of biogas implementation at the household scale, one of which is the use of biogas as generator fuel to produce electricity. Fuel generators can use biogas in full or mix gasoline with biogas fuel. Electric generator sets with dual gasoline-biogas fuel can save the use of gasoline as fuel and can also increase the performance of generators. The gasoline-biogas mixture ratio affects engine performance, one of which is the rotational speed. However, at present the ratio of gasoline to biogas is still manually regulated on household scale biogas usage. Based on these conditions, the artificial neural networks(ANN) method was developed in this study which aims to find the optimal ratio in order to get the generator set rotational speed characterization with the best engine performance value. A total of 300 variations of data were processed using 75% for training with the number of hidden nodes 100 net.trainParam.goal value = 0.0001, net.trainParam.lr = 0.01, and net.trainParam.epochs = 1000, and 25% for the test. This study produced a RMSE training value of 10.4812 at node 55 and a test RMSE value of 5.8301 with a rotational speed of 3445.87, and obtained the best ratio of 0.012 L / min gasoline and 5 L / min biogas.
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Ahmed, Salman Abdu, Song Zhou, Yuanqing Zhu, Asfaw Solomon Tsegay, Yoming Feng, Naseem Ahmad i Adil Malik. "Effects of Pig Manure and Corn Straw Generated Biogas and Methane Enriched Biogas on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Dual Fuel Diesel Engines". Energies 13, nr 4 (17.02.2020): 889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13040889.
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In recent years, due to stringent emission regulations vehicle manufacturers have been compelled to cut down noxious pollutants released from diesel engines. Different alternative solutions have been recommended to achieve this challenging task. One of these alternative solutions is the utilization of biogas in addition to the use of liquid diesel. In this regard, the current study investigates the combustion characteristics and exhaust emissions of a turbocharged, direct injection, diesel engine operating at constant speed (1800 rpm) and under dual fuel mode with diesel as the pilot fuel and biogas (generated from pig manure and corn straw) and methane enriched biogas. Simulations were carried out at four various engine loads corresponding to brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) of 0.425, 0.85, 1.275, and 1.7 MPa using GT-Power package. The BTE values of biogas-diesel were higher as compared to diesel fuel. The CO2 ratio of biogas did not impact BTE considerably. The highest BTE value of 38.22% was recorded for BG45. However, the Brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) values for the biogas-diesel fuels were higher than that of diesel fuel operations. With respect to emissions, compared to diesel fuel operation, the hydrocarbon (HC) and CO2 of the biogas-diesel were higher, but NOx and CO pollutants were much lower. The utilization of biogas with diesel by all accounts is attractive to cut down discharges and improve performance of the engine. The engine performance did not deteriorate with up to 45% CO2 proportion in biogas.
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Maridjo, Tina Mulya Gantina i M Taufiq Samudra. "PERFORMANSI GENSET BENSIN 2000 W YANG DIMODIFIKASI MENJADI GENSET BERBAHAN BAKAR BIOGAS". Jurnal Teknik Energi 1, nr 1 (27.02.2020): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35313/energi.v1i1.1800.
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Biogass is one of energy alternative sources, produced from organic materials degradation in anaerob condition that has economically and availability advantages. This research had been conducted to convert biogass to electric power or as known as bio-electric which using a modified carburetor of gasoline genset converter. Biogas was produced from cow's manure fermentation, located at Giri Mekar Kecamatan Cilengkrang, Kabupaten Bandung. Methane (CH4) concentration was 40% from the biogass
with potential energy 43,5 MJ/kg. The result showed that genset with biogass as fuel could reach 989 W output of capacity with 2,95 x 10-4 kg/s of fuel consumption and 11,9% of maximum eficiency. Compare to gasoline as a fuel, the result showed l219 W output of capacity with 1,63 x l0-4 kg/s of fuel consumption and 17,2.'% of maximum. Therefore, to have same output of capacity a genset with biogass as fuel is more consuming than genset with gasoline as fuel.
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Feroskhan, M., Saleel Ismail, Gobinath Natarajan, Sreekanth Manavalla, T. M. Yunus Khan, Shaik Dawood Abdul Khadar i Mohammed Azam Ali. "A Comprehensive Study of the Effects of Various Operating Parameters on a Biogas-Diesel Dual Fuel Engine". Sustainability 15, nr 2 (9.01.2023): 1232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021232.
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Alternative fuels are found to be the most promising solution to the problem of conventional IC engine pollution because their use curtails its huge emissions without exerting a negative impact on its performance. In this research, a conventional compression ignition engine is investigated by operating it with the combination of simulated biogas and neat diesel under a dual fuel mode of operations. The simulated biogas in the current work comprises different proportions of methane and carbon dioxide in the mixture. The full factorial approach in this work involved studying the effects of parameters such as biogas flow rate, composition, intake temperature, torque, and methane enrichment (complete removal of CO2 from biogas) on the engine performance, emissions, and combustion indices with an extensive number of experiments. It is witnessed from the research that biogas is capable of providing a maximum of 90% of the overall energy input, while the CI engine operates under dual fuel mode. Under the dual fuel mode of operation involving biogas, a significant amount of reductions are witnessed in secondary fuel consumption (67%), smoke (75%), and NOx (55%) emissions. At low flow rates, biogas is found to improve brake thermal efficiency (BTE), whereas it reduces hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions. Methane enrichment resulted in more diesel substitution by 5.5% and diminishes CO and HC emissions by 5% and 16%, respectively. Increasing the intake temperature caused an increase in thermal efficiency (2%) and a reduction in diesel consumption (~35%), and it curtailed all emission elements except NOx.
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TIRA, Hendry, Simaranjit GILL, Kampanart THEINNOI, Joshua SHENKER, Chia LAU, Athanasios TSOLAKIS, Karl DEARN, Dale TURNER i Miroslaw WYSZYNSKI. "The study of simulated biogas on combustion and emission characteristics in compression ignition engines". Combustion Engines 141, nr 2 (1.05.2010): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117146.
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New renewable fuels have been developed for diesel engines, contributing to the reduction of carbon emissions and to fuel security. However, the combustion characteristics of these fuels and emissions still remain unclear. A study to investigate diesel engine performance integrated with biogas and hydrogen has been carried out. Biogas is principally a mixture of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) along with other trace gases. In this study the simulated gaseous biogas (60% CH4 and 40% CO2 vol.) and hydrogen (2% vol.) fuels were fed into the engine intake manifold and diesel fuel was injected into cylinder as a pilot ignition fuel. The effects of biogas and hydrogen showed reduced PM compared with diesel combustion. In addition, up to 39 and 33% reduction in total particulate mass and smoke, respectively, was seen. However, there was a slight increase in particle number when gaseous fuel addition was used, where the particulate size distributions have moved towards the nucleation region thus benefitting the after-treatment systems. Reduced thermal efficiency was observed for the gaseous fuel addition.
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Giurcan, Venera, Codina Movileanu, Adina Magdalena Musuc i Maria Mitu. "Laminar Burning Velocity of Biogas-Containing Mixtures. A Literature Review". Processes 9, nr 6 (4.06.2021): 996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9060996.
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Currently, the use of fossil fuels is very high and existing nature reserves are rapidly depleted. Therefore, researchers are turning their attention to find renewable fuels that have a low impact on the environment, to replace these fossil fuels. Biogas is a low-cost alternative, sustainable, renewable fuel existing worldwide. It can be produced by decomposition of vegetation or waste products of human and animal biological activity. This process is performed by microorganisms (such as methanogens and sulfate-reducing bacteria) by anaerobic digestion. Biogas can serve as a basis for heat and electricity production used for domestic heating and cooking. It can be also used to feed internal combustion engines, gas turbines, fuel cells, or cogeneration systems. In this paper, a comprehensive literature study regarding the laminar burning velocity of biogas-containing mixtures is presented. This study aims to characterize the use of biogas as IC (internal combustion) engine fuel, and to develop efficient safety recommendations and to predict and reduce the risk of fires and accidental explosions caused by biogas.
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Lie, David, Tjokorda Gde Tirta Nindhia, I. Wayan Surata i Nengah Wirawan. "Design of Small Single Cylinder 4 Stroke Spark Ignition Engine for Electric Generator with Flexible Fuel: Biogas, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) or Gasoline". Key Engineering Materials 877 (luty 2021): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.877.141.
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The available of conventional fuels are fluctuating depend on distribution from the source production to consumer. The availability of biogas as renewable energy is increasing due to establishments of many organic wastes processing worldwide. The need of electricity to support daily life activity is a must, but the availability of electric source in remote area is limited especially for a farm that far away from commercial line distribution of electricity. This work is dedicated to solve this problem. The single cylinder 4 stroke spark ignition engine (83 cc) was designed to be able to be fuelled flexibly by using biogas or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), or gasoline if sometime the biogas not available during initiation of the process or during maintenance of anaerobic digester. The engine is still can be run to provide electricity by using conventional fuel such as LPG or gasoline. The full consumption as well as emission of this flexible fuel engine was investigated. It is found that the fuel consumption is 9.97 L/mint for Biogas, 0.004 L/mint for gasoline and 2.24 L/mint for LPG. Surprisingly by using biogas the emission of carbon monoxide (CO) was down to almost zero (0.02 ppm), comparing gasoline 0.32 ppm, and LPG 0.4 ppm.
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Hariyanto, Kris, i Benedictus Mardwianta. "PENINGKATAN PERFORMA HASIL PEMBAKARAN MENGGUNAKAN MIXING COMBUSTION CHAMBER PADA KOMPOR BERBAHAN BAKAR BIOGAS MENUJU DESA MANDIRI ENERGI DI YOGYAKARTA". Angkasa: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Teknologi 8, nr 1 (31.08.2017): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.28989/angkasa.v8i1.137.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Biogas is an alternative energy sources as a substitute for fossil fuels in household activities daily, but there are obstacles in the use of biogas, namely the difficulty of arranging a flame that is stable and fuel consumption relatively less efficient biogas. So it takes a design development system that will produce a burning stove produces biogas-fueled stove fits the purpose of research, on the other hand biogas stove should be simple, cheap production price, maximum efficiency and safe to use. Stages in the study include: desk assessment, creation of objective requirements desing, manufacture conceptual and basic design, manufacture real stove. As for knowing the performance of the stove carried ujji stove performance are: test flame stability and efficiency. The results showed that the efficiency of the biogas stove design results in only 31 percent higher than the efficiency of biogas stoves old design, while the fuel consumption of biogas stoves new design is 16 percent lower when compared with fuel consumption of biogas stoves old design. In terms of manufacture and ease of repair and maintenance of gas cookers new design is more easily repaired and easy to make and simple in form compared with the old design biogas stoves.
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Hariyanto, Kris, i Benedictus Mardwianta. "VARIASI SUDUT PANCAR BURNER CUP UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PERFORMA PEMBAKARAN PADA KOMPOR BERBAHAN BAKAR BIOGAS MENUJU DESA MANDIRI ENERGI DI YOGYAKARTA". Angkasa: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Teknologi 8, nr 2 (25.08.2017): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.28989/angkasa.v8i2.118.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Biogas is an alternative energy sources as a substitute for fossil fuels in household activities daily, but there are obstacles in the use of biogas, namely the difficulty of arranging a flame that is stable and fuel consumption relatively less efficient biogas. So it takes a design development system that will produce a burning stove produces biogas-fueled stove fits the purpose of research, on the other hand biogas stove should be simple, cheap production price, maximum efficiency and safe to use. Stages in the study include: desk assessment, creation of objective requirements design, manufacture conceptual and basic design, manufacture real stove. As for knowing the performance of the stove carried stove performance tests are: test flame stability and efficiency. The results showed that the efficiency of the biogas stove design results in only 31 percent higher than the efficiency of biogas stoves old design, while the fuel consumption of biogas stoves new design is 16 percent lower when compared with fuel consumption of biogas stoves old design. In terms of manufacture and ease of repair and maintenance of gas cookers new design is more easily repaired and easy to make and simple in form compared with the old design biogas stoves.
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Matsakas, Leonidas, Ulrika Rova i Paul Christakopoulos. "Strategies for enhanced biogas generation through anaerobic digestion of forest material – An overview". BioResources 11, nr 2 (16.03.2016): 5482–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.11.2.matsakas.
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Incorporation of biofuels into the existing selection of fuels is a very important measure to slow down environmental destruction and to counter the imminent fossil fuel shortage. Biogas is a very interesting option for use in both electricity and heat production, and also as a fuel for vehicles. The positive fuel characteristics of biogas and the high yields of biogas obtained from traditional raw materials (e.g., animal manure) have resulted in operation of several commercial units around the globe. On the other hand, there is an increased demand for biogas production which, for the need to be met, should have renewable resources incorporated into it. Forest materials are an interesting candidate, and there is a rising interest in the research and industrial communities to exploit them as raw materials for anaerobic digestion in biogas production. In this review article, we aim to give the reader an insight into the most recent processes for conversion of various sources of forest materials into biogas.
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Dairobi, Ahmed G., Mazlan A. Wahid i I. M. Inuwa. "Feasibility Study of Pulse Detonation Engine Fueled by Biogas". Applied Mechanics and Materials 388 (sierpień 2013): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.388.257.
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The hottest issue toward the environment today is the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and Green House Gases (GHG) which influenced climate change. At the same time, the world is facing the crisis of limited reserves of petroleum-based fuel resource which is being continuously depleted. Therefore, these three issues can possibly be overcome by using alternative fuels such as biogas, biodiesel, biomass, biofuel, alcohol, vegetable oils etc. The use of biogas as fuel for Pulse Detonation Engine (PDE) possibly promise great advantages on power production with less emission. This is because PDE operates with higher thermodynamic efficiency by operating on constant volume pressure. Biogas usage will somewhat contributed to the CDM and and lessen the GHG issues. Here through detailed literature review, the challenges such as lower flame speed (compared to hydrocarbon fuel) and biogas impurities are discussed. Combustion characteristics of biogas in detonation mode are also investigated. Strategy is presented here for looking at the possibility of PDE operation using biogas.
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Murphy, Danielle M., Amy E. Richards, Andrew M. Colclasure, Wade Rosensteel i Neal Sullivan. "Biogas Fuel Reforming for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells". ECS Transactions 35, nr 1 (16.12.2019): 2653–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3570265.
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Murphy, Danielle M., Amy E. Richards, Andrew Colclasure, Wade A. Rosensteel i Neal P. Sullivan. "Biogas fuel reforming for solid oxide fuel cells". Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy 4, nr 2 (marzec 2012): 023106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3697857.
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Akimoto, Yutaro, Yuta Minei i Keiichi Okajima. "Evaluation of Impurity Concentration Process and Mitigation Operation in Fuel Cell System for Using Biogas". Reactions 2, nr 2 (25.05.2021): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/reactions2020010.
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For a low-carbon society, it is necessary to extract hydrogen for fuel cells from biogas rather than from fossil fuels. However, impurities contained in the biogas affect the fuel cell; hence, there is a need for system and operation methods to remove these impurities. In this study, to develop a fuel cell system for the effective utilization of biogas-derived hydrogen, the compositional change and concentration of impurities in the hydrogen recirculation system under actual operation were evaluated using process simulation. Then, the mitigation operation for performance degradation using simple purification methods was evaluated on the proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) stack. In the process simulation of the hydrogen recirculation system, including the PEMFC stack, the concentration of impurities remained at a level that did not pose a problem to the performance. In the constant voltage test for a simulated gas supply of biogas-derived hydrogen, the conditions for applying the methanation reforming and air bleeding methods were analyzed. As a result, methanation reforming is more suitable for supplying biogas-containing CO to the PEMFC stack for continuous operation.
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Siahaan, Herbert Hasudungan. "Renewable Energy Test - Biogas As Fuel In Otto Cycle". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1182, nr 1 (1.06.2023): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1182/1/012022.
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Abstract The use of renewable energy such as biogas is a must to support the achievement of the targets that have been echoed through the go green campaign, namely public awareness of the clean air environment. The power of the otto cycle combustion engine is highly dependent on the conversion and heat of combustion (% CH4 in biogas) as well as the stoichiometric fuel-air ratio requirements. A performance test of the otto cycle motor fueled with biogas with various methane contents has been carried out. It was found that biogas with 95% CH4 at 3000 rpm produces the highest power of 3.906 kW, compared to the power of gasoline, but with a 4.8% decrease in power. Meanwhile, the average power produced from biogas with 55% CH4 content is 2,296 kW. The average torque of the biogas engine (95% CH4) is 7,609 (N.m) and the highest is 9,014 (N.m), but still 24% lower than the gasoline engine. The most efficient operation of the engine fueled with biogas was observed at 1,831 L/h biogas consumption as opposed to 1.4 L/h when the engines was run using gasoline. In other words, a lower % of CH4 was attained with a x% increase in fuel consumption. The average specific fuel consumption (SFC) of biogas (95% CH4) is 0.717 kg/kW.h, on the other hand, the gasoline engine is 0.395 kg/kW.h. The highest thermal efficiency of a biogas engine attained at maximum loading can match the efficiency of an ideal gasoline engine, which is close to 25%.
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Weyant, Cheryl L., Ryan Thompson, Nicholas L. Lam, Basudev Upadhyay, Prabin Shrestha, Shovana Maharjan, Kaushila Rai, Chija Adhikari, Maria C. Fox i Amod K. Pokhrel. "In-Field Emission Measurements from Biogas and Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) Stoves". Atmosphere 10, nr 12 (21.11.2019): 729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10120729.
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Household air pollution from solid fuel cooking causes millions of deaths each year and contributes to climate change. These emissions can be reduced if households transition to cleaner cooking fuels such as LPG or biogas, yet emission measurements during actual use are limited. Six LPG and 57 biogas cooking event emissions were measured during typical cooking practices in Nepal. Emission factors are reported for elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), and carbon monoxide (CO) and compared to measurements from wood stoves in the same households. Biogas cooking emission factors were 7.4 ± 10.9 mg MJ − 1 for PM 2.5 and 0.2 ± 0.3 mg MJ − 1 for EC on a fuel energy basis, and were not significantly different from LPG stoves (9.5 ± 6.8 mg MJ − 1 for PM 2.5 and 0.3 ± 0.3 mg MJ − 1 for EC, p > 0.05). Wood stoves emitted 50 times more PM 2.5 than biogas on a fuel energy basis and 230 times more EC. EC emissions were about 3% of total particle emissions from biogas and LPG stoves. Most PM 2.5 emissions from gas stoves were attributed to food frying and stove ignition (90%), not the gas fuel (10%), implying that there is a limit to emission reductions that can be achieved with improved fuels.
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Shrestha, Ishu, Pramod Ghimire i Balram Bhatta. "Contribution of biogas use on forest conservation". Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 2, nr 1 (24.10.2019): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/janr.v2i1.26044.
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Biogas is an eco-friendly alternative energy source which can greatly contribute to reducing greenhouse gases as they have the possibility of reducing the need to use fossil fuels. A study was conducted at Kumroj village of Khairhani municipality, of Chitwan district of Nepal to assess the sources of energy, dependency of local people on biogas, amount of fire wood substituted by biogas and people’s perception towards biogas use and forest conservation. Stratified random sampling method was used for sampling design. Direst field observation, households questionnaire survey (n=44), key informant interview, and focus group discussions were used for data collection. This study showed that the main source of energy was firewood for cooking, preparation of animal feed, preparation of alcohol and water heating but now these days the dependency on firewood decreased after use of biogas. About 63.6% of the household were using biogas as an alternative source of energy. The need of biogas was always higher during winter while production of gas was lower in compare to summer season. According to gas users, it reduced the fuel wood consumption, improved the kitchen environment, saved time in fuel wood collection and cooking, and also reduced the health problems. The average reduction in fuel-wood consumption was 42.8% after the installation of biogas. All the respondents were agreed that condition of forest was improving. The reason behind this was the use of biogas which reduces the pressure on the fuel-wood collection and ultimately helps in forest conservation.
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Petrov, Nikolay V. "Determination of biogas fuel compression ratio for agricultural machinery fueling". Tractors and Agricultural Machinery 89, nr 5 (7.03.2023): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-109289.
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BACKGROUND: Agricultural machinery is the main consumer of liquid petroleum-product fuel in the countryside of Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Even partial machinery transition to biogas fuel would reduce consumption of liquid petroleum-product fuel, in this regard, first of all, it is necessary to determine biogas fuel compression ratio for agricultural machinery fueling. A number of experimental works is demanded to carry out to determine compression ratio of biogas fuel of different compositions.
AIMS: Determination of compression ratio of biogas fuel of different composition for agricultural machinery fueling with a compressor.
METHODS: Experimental determination of biogas fuel compression ratio carried out with the UGK-3 test facility. Based on obtained experimental data, numerical simulation was carried out with CurveExpert and MS Excel software (for data set linear approximation).
RESULTS: Based on Mendeleev-Clapeyron ideal gas law, the formula for theoretical calculation of compression ratio of biogas fuel of different chemical compositions. In order to obtain experimental data, a number of experimental works was carried out with the UGK-3 test facility, updated for considering of biogas fuel compression ratio in various conditions. According to the results of linear approximation, with increasing of methane volume fraction, biogas fuel compression ratio tends to values of pure methane compression ratio taken from GOST 30319.2-2019.
CONCLUSIONS: Practical utility of the study lies in ability of using the proposed method of calculation of compression ratio during vehicle fueling with biogas fuel for the sake of safe and effective fueling.
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FAUZAN HERY, ACHMAD, ZAMZAMI SEPTIROPA, SELLY RIANSYAH i FAIZAL ROMADHI. "PEMANFAATAN BIOGAS/ LANDFILLGAS SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR MESIN BENSIN 1SILINDER 4 LANGKAH". Jurnal Teknik Industri 12, nr 2 (18.02.2012): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jtiumm.vol12.no2.162-168.
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Motor gasoline also proven to be turned on by using biogas. This is done through the addition of a simple regulator to biogas, and air mixer - biogas. In practice, though not obtain maximum performance, modifiers remain to be done without changing the ignition time. Previously, the experiment was done first using LPG, LPG-and then use a mixture of biogas and biogas pure. Machine can be turned on using biogas with methane content of 56-60%. Engine fuel or motor fuel of biogas that is used in the experiment can generate electricity to turn the lights up to 300 watts. A quarter of its normal capacity when using premium fuel / gasoline. Optimal load occurs at 150 watts means the power load 150 watts, the conversion of biogas energy to be the highest power of 230 watt/m3 biogas. At 150 watts of loading the fuel consumption is 0.000097333 liters / watt.
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Jairam, Karthick, Feroskhan Mohammed Musthafa, Kishorre Annanth Vijayan i Manimaran Renganathan. "Computational investigations on port injected DEE in a biogas inducted HCCI engine". International Journal for Simulation and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization 12 (2021): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/smdo/2021010.
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Owing to global climate change and atmospheric pollution, several automobile manufacturing companies look for homogeneously charged engines to satisfy strict emission levels. In the present work, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) investigations have been carried out to showcase the homogeneity of air-fuel mixture formation by port fuel injection and manifold fuel injection of a Biogas-Diethyl Ether (DEE) homogeneous charge compression engine (HCCI). The distributions of equivalence ratio based on fuel and the total air-fuel mixture is formulated and found to be in close agreement with the literature. Earlier investigations have shown that the use of biogas as a single fuel causes lower power output compared to other alternative fuels. Hence the present study is planned to use biogas with DEE as an ignition improver via fuel injection systems to find the best suitable fuel injection system. In the mesh independent study, port injection mode is found to perform better against the manifold injection mode when compared with the homogeneity factor. Iso-volumes of excess-air ratio based on biogas, diethyl ether and other variables such as the density, turbulent kinetic energy, turbulent dissipation rate of air-fuel mixture influencing the homogeneity and equivalence ratio are studied for better in-cylinder distribution under the port injection mode.
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Niekurzak, Mariusz, i Ewa Kubińska-Jabcoń. "The use of biogas as a biofuel for powering biogas, ecology, renewable Energy sources". AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 24, nr 6 (30.06.2019): 218–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2019.154.
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Energy security, ending resources of fossil energy sources, increase in conventional fuel prices, as well as dependence on imported fuels, have an impact on the need to search for new energy sources. One of the appropriate solutions to this problem is the implementation of biogas as a renewable fuel for transport. Biogas is usually used to generate heat or electricity, but after meeting certain quality requirements, it can also be used as a biofuel for powering mechanical vehicles. The article presents the current state of development of the biogas industry in Poland and defined the prospects for its development.
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Larionov, L. B., P. A. Boloev, P. I. Iliin, A. N. Kabanov, I. V. Siryaeva i E. O. Palamodov. "Applicability of alternative fuels". Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 9, nr 3-1 (10.02.2015): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-67208.
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The paper discusses applicability of different types of alternative fuels in Russia. Nowadays there are known and tested many types of alternative fuels, which are produced not from oil. These are spirits, hydrogen, ethanol, methanol, rapeseed oil, biogas, etc. The composition and features of the alternative fuels are shown. Among these fuels we would like to allocate the biogas. Biogas is an alternative source of energy and now it can also be used as a fuel for internal combustion en-gines.
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Ga, Bui Van, i Pham Quoc Thai. "Soot Emission Reduction in a Biogas-DME Hybrid Dual-Fuel Engine". Applied Sciences 10, nr 10 (15.05.2020): 3416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10103416.
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Combustion characteristics and harmful emissions with emphasized soot emission in the new concept of a biogas-dimethyl ether (DME) hybrid dual-fuel engine were analyzed. The effects of DME content, biogas compositions and diesel injection were examined. At any biogas composition, a rise in DME content in the fuel mixture leads to an increase in indicative engine cycle work (Wi) and NOx but a decrease in CO and soot volume fraction (fv). The effects of DME on Wi and soot volume fraction are more significant for poor biogas than for rich biogas, contrary to its effect tendency on CO and NOx concentrations. With a given operating condition and DME content, the biogas compositions slightly affect the performance and emission of a biogas-DME hybrid dual-fuel engine. At a fixed global equivalence ratio, the reduction of diesel injection leads to an increase in Wi and NOx concentration but a decrease in CO and soot volume fraction. The lower the diesel injection is, the more significant the effects of DME content on the combustion properties and pollutant emissions are. At a given operating condition and the same global equivalence ratio, the biogas-DME PCCI combustion mode is more advantageous than biogas-DME dual-fuel combustion mode. The substitution of diesel pilot ignition by DME pilot ignition in a biogas-DME hybrid dual engine is the optimal solution for both performance improvement and pollution emissions reduction.
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Ravi, M., KCK Vijaya Kumar i A. Murugesan. "PERFORMANCE, EMISSION, NOISE AND VIBRATION CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOGAS –DIESEL DUAL FUEL COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE". JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 12, nr 12 (15.06.2016): 4588–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v12i12.793.
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For decades, four-stroke compression ignition engines prove to be indispensable in major sectors of transport, agriculture, etc., and it will be very difficult to completely replace these heavy-duty workhorses in upcoming days. However, the present situation of four-stroke compression ignition engines is miserable and the future of these engines highly relies on meeting the emission norms that are being imposed every year. In this regard, renewable liquid fuels are capable of solving the problem of energy supply in a decentralized fashion and these fuels can simultaneously help in achieving environmental sustainability. In order to find a feasible solution to these issues, an endeavor has been made in this work to investigate the engine performance, emission, noise and vibration characteristics of Compression Ignition (CI) engine fuelled with biogas as a secondary fuel and diesel as primary fuel. In this work, the secondary and primary fuels are used to power the kirloskar single cylinder four stroke naturally aspirated water cooled diesel engine. The secondary fuel (biogas) at various quantities was mixed with air and fed into the intake manifold of the engine. Also, the supply of biogas to the engine is precisely controlled by electronic flow control valve. The different flow rates of the biogas are allowed to flow inside the engine with the air intake ratio of 0.075gm/s,0.1gm/s,0.125gm/s,0.15gm/s and the analysis is done on each ratio. From the experimental results it was noted that at 0.125 gm/s, biogas operation significantly reduces noise and vibration. Overall, from the experimental results it is concluded that the usage of biogas in dual fuel mode produces comparable engine performance and reduces noise and vibrations.
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Lisoval, A. A. "USE OF BIOGAS AS A RAW MATERIAL AND ENGINE FUEL IN ENERGY AND TRANSPORT". Internal Combustion Engines, nr 2 (15.11.2022): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/0419-8719.2022.2.02.
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In the article, based on existing global trends, legislative incentives for climate-friendly development of economic sectors, the place of biogas as a raw material and engine fuel in the decarbonization of energy and transport in Ukraine is substantiated. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions, most countries are making the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources. In EU countries, renewable energy with a Green Deal label was equated with energy obtained from the combustion of natural gas. In Ukraine, biomethane is legislated as an alternative gas fuel similar to natural gas. The raw material for biomethane is biogas. In Ukraine, biomethane is not produced on an industrial scale due to the lack of special purification and enrichment technologies at biogas stations. In Ukraine, it is necessary to start producing biomethane on an industrial scale and use the natural gas infrastructure for transporting biomethane. An existing quantity and quality of treatment technologies of biogas plants allow the use of biogas as an independent fuel in cogeneration plants in the immediate vicinity of biogas plants. Calculation of the heat balance of the drive gas engine (8-cylinder, 100 mm cylinder diameter, 88 mm stroke) showed that in addition to generating 30 kW of electrical energy, it is possible to obtain additionally up to 162 MJ of thermal energy without taking heat from the lubrication system. When generating only electrical energy, the efficiency installation in nominal mode is about 30%, and with cogeneration – it increases to 75%. The next step is – the use of biogas as an additive to natural gas in reciprocating internal combustion engines on cars, buses and special agricultural machinery at the local or regional level. The results of research on the 8Ch10/8.8 gas combustion engine ensured the transition from quantitative to qualitative regulation of the fuel mixture of natural gas with biogas additives. An interdependent regulation algorithm has been developed for mixed fuel. With an increase in load, the share of biogas decreases, the mixture is enriched with natural gas. At a load of 75% or more, the enrichment of the fuel mixture occurs more intensively.
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Wierzbicki, Sławomir, i Michał Śmieja. "Use of biogas to power diesel engines with common rail fuel systems". MATEC Web of Conferences 182 (2018): 01018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818201018.
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The limited resources of fossil fuels, as well as the search for a reduction in emissions of carbon dioxide and other toxic compounds to the atmosphere have prompted the search for new, alternative energy sources. One of the potential fuels which may be widely used in the future as a fuel is biogas which can be obtained from various types of raw materials. The article presents selected results as regards the effects of the proportion of biogas of various compositions on the course of combustion in a dual-fuel diesel engine with a Common Rail fuel system. The presented study results indicate the possibility for the use of fuels of this type in diesel engines; although changes are necessary in the manner of controlling liquid fuel injection.
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Nagamori, Minako, Yoshihiro Hirata i Soichiro Sameshima. "Influence of Hydrogen Sulfide in Fuel on Electric Power of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell". Materials Science Forum 544-545 (maj 2007): 997–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.544-545.997.
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Terminal voltage, electric power density and overpotential were measured for the solid oxide fuel cell with gadolinium-doped ceria electrolyte (Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9, GDC), 30 vol% Ni-GDC anode and Pt cathode using a H2 fuel or biogas (CH4 47, CO2 31, H2 19 vol %) at 1073 K. Addition of 1 ppm H2S in the 3vol % H2O-containing H2 fuel gave no change in the open circuit voltage (0.79 - 0.80 V) and the maximum power density (65 - 72 mW/cm2). Furthermore, no reaction between H2S and Ni in the anode was suggested by the thermodynamic calculation. On the other hand, the terminal voltage and electric power density decreased when 1 ppm H2S gas was mixed with the biogas. After the biogas with 1 ppm H2S flowed into the anode for 8 h, the electric power density decreased from 125 to 90 mW/cm2. The reduced electric power density was also recovered by passing 3 vol % H2O-containing H2 fuel for 2 h.
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Wang, Kang, Zu Hua Fang, Ying Sun, Hong Bing Xu i Jian Min Wu. "Experiment Research on the Purification Technology of Biogas as Engine Fuel". Applied Mechanics and Materials 672-674 (październik 2014): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.672-674.177.
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This paper presents an overview of biogas purification technology and industry status, studies the purified rules in biogas purification processing and a lot of experiments are made to verify the influence of purification efficiency by various influencing factors. Carbon dioxide in biogas, which occupies at least 30%, can be absorbed by the lye based on the acid-base neutralization reaction and the absorption efficiency can be improved by controlling the inlet pressure and other factors in the biogas purification processing. The experimental results show the purification rules that purification efficiency of biogas is proportional to concentration ratio of methane and carbon dioxide before reaction, inlet pressure, fluid volume of lye, lye concentration and volume of filler, but inversely proportional to the total inlet flow, which builds theoretic foundation for the later design of the biogas purification device.
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Syamsuri, Syamsuri, Yustia Wulandari Mirzayanti, Zain Lillahulhaq i Achmad Bagus Hidayat. "Implementation of packed column for biogas purification as fuel for motorcycle injection systems for performance improvement". Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 4, nr 1(112) (31.08.2021): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.239027.
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The use of gasoline for primary energy consumption can reduce crude oil, contained in the earth. The development of alternative fuels such as biogas and biofuel is very critical to overcoming this problem. Biogas requires purification to remove some contaminant particles that interfere with the combustion process. The packed column is generally applied to absorb and separate gas and liquid mixture. It is more efficient due to the liquid flows down the column of steam naturally without the supply of energy from outside the system. This study focuses on determining the effect of the packed column biogas purification process. Biogas is applied as an alternative fuel in spark-ignition engines (SIE). The test is carried out using a chassis dynamometer to obtain power and torque data. The use of the packed column for biogas fuel purification can produce higher performance compared to unrefined biogas. The unrefined biogas still contains impurities that can interfere with the combustion process. This condition is proven by measuring the power and torque of the vehicle on the chassis dynamometer, where the filtered biogas produces higher power and torque. Tests were carried out both using the packed column and without the packed column. Variations from speed to torque, to power, to SFC and BMEP are considered. In this study, validation is in good agreement with previous studies. Overall, the results show that the average error between using the packed column and without the packed column for torque, power, SFC and BMEP is increased by approximately 7 %. Purification of biogas using the packed column using Ca(OH)2 can bind CO2 and obtain pure methane gas with a higher heating value. In conclusion, the packed column for biogas purification as fuel for motorcycle injection systems can be applied
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Singh, Praveen Kumar, Dharamveer Singh i Ashok Kumar Yadav. "Experimental Research on Biogas Utilization in CI Engines Using Biodiesel/Diesel Blends". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, nr 10 (31.10.2022): 1089–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.47135.
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Abstract: The present study covers the utilization of a gaseous alternative fuel, raw biogas, in a diesel engine. Biogas alone cannot run a diesel engine, because gaseous fuel cannot burn by compression. It can be supplied to the CI engines in dual fuel mode by using an air-biogas mixer device. In this work, it is aimed to investigate the performance and emission characteristics of a biogas-biodiesel/diesel dual fuel mode diesel engine by employing a venturi gas mixer device for providing a homogeneous mixture.The performance and emission characteristics of the engine operated by dual-fuel mode were experimentally investigated, and compared to diesel. The results indicated that biogas inducted at a flow rate of 1L/min was found to have better performance and lower emission, than that of the other flow rates. On the other hand, dual-fuel mode with a biogas flow rate of BD10 BG@1L/min showed an average reduction in BTE of 9.94% and an average increment of 8.82% in BSFC as compared to diesel. Whereas an increment in CO and HC by 5.18% and 3.01% respectively and an average reduction in NOx emissions by 14.91% as compared to diesel.
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MUTLURI, Avinash, Radha Krishna GOPIDESI i Srinivas Viswanath VALETI. "A Research on the Performance, Emission and Combustion Parameters of the Hydrogen and Biogas Dual Fuel Engine". INCAS BULLETIN 12, nr 3 (1.09.2020): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.13111/2066-8201.2020.12.3.10.
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In the present research a diesel engine has been converted to dual fuel mode, injecting hydrogen and biogas as secondary fuel and the tests were conducted in dual fuel mode to evaluate the performance, emissions and combustion parameters of the engine. Diesel as a pilot fuel, hydrogen and biogas as a secondary fuel were injected from the inlet manifold. The hydrogen and the biogas which is a gaseous fuel were injected at 5 liters per minute (lpm) and the tests were conducted separately. From these tests, it was noted that there is an enhancement of 27.28% in brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and increment of 10.70% in NOX emissions for diesel with 5 lpm hydrogen compared with diesel fuel under single fuel mode. Also, it was noted that the reduction in BTE was around 36.50% and NOX emissions about 15.68 % for diesel with 5 lpm biogas when compared with diesel fuel under single fuel mode.
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Owczuk, Marlena, Anna Matuszewska, Stanisław Kruczyński i Wojciech Kamela. "Evaluation of Using Biogas to Supply the Dual Fuel Diesel Engine of an Agricultural Tractor". Energies 12, nr 6 (20.03.2019): 1071. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12061071.
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It is known that biogas without prior purification to biomethane is a commonly used fuel only for the stationary internal combustion engines but not for vehicle engines. The current study evaluates the use of biogas without its prior upgrading to biomethane as fuel for tractor engines. The following tests were carried out: biochemical methane potential tests, dynamometer engine tests, and field tests with the use of a tractor. The average methane content in biogas obtained from vegetable wastes exceeded 60%. The tests performed on the engine dynamometer showed that the engine powered by dual fuel worked stably when diesel was replaced by 40% biogas (containing 50% of CO2) or 30% methane. Dual fuel supplying of the engine caused an increase in the concentration of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in the exhaust gases and a decrease or no effect in the concentration of particulate matter and nitrogen oxides. It did not significantly affect the dynamics of the vehicle and its useful properties. Biogas that contains a maximum of 50% CO2 and from which H2S, moisture, and siloxanes have been largely removed, is suitable as a fuel for tractors. Such biogas can be obtained in biogas plants from different substrates, e.g., vegetable or agriculture wastes as well as biodegradable municipal wastes.
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Rijo, P., i P. J. Coelho. "Numerical investigation of fuel flexibility in a small-scale flameless combustor". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2116, nr 1 (1.11.2021): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2116/1/012017.
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Abstract Numerical simulation of a laboratory flameless combustor was performed to investigate the flexibility to burn alternative fuels to natural gas. The studied fuels are biogas, syngas and a mixture of ammonia and methane. The inlet temperatures of air and fuel, the equivalence ratio and the geometrical characteristics of the combustor were maintained constant. The results show that flameless combustion is observed in the biogas and in the NH3/CH4 mixture, while the syngas burns according to the conventional non-premixed combustion mode. According to the predictions, the biogas emits 1.1 ppm of NOx and 229 ppm of CO, syngas produces 7.8 ppm of NOx and 35 ppm of CO and the NH3/CH4 mixture emits about 3900 ppm of NOx and 608 ppm of CO. The high NOx and CO emissions in the NH3/CH4 mixture show that the combustor needs to be optimized to burn a nitrogen-containing fuel.
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Nely Ana Mufarida i Asroful Abidin. "Kualitas Bahan Bakar Biogas Limbah Cair Tahu Dengan Penggunaan Variasi Komposisi Starter". R.E.M. (Rekayasa Energi Manufaktur) Jurnal 5, nr 2 (30.12.2020): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/r.e.m.v5i2.1001.
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Fossil fuels are a primary energy source. Fossil fuels that are widely used are in the form of fuel oil, gas fuel, and coal. Along with technological developments, the need for fossil fuels is increasing, which is followed by the depletion of supplies. Therefore, renewable energy is needed which is cheap and easy to use on a household scale such as biogas. Therefore, renewable energy is needed, which is cheap and easy to use on a household scale such as biogas. The materials used as biogas are tofu liquid waste with a yeast starter, EM-4, and horse manure. Tests on the quality of tofu liquid waste biogas conducted in this study include; Gas volume, temperature, degree of acidity (pH), C/N ratio, and gas content, namely methane (CH4), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon monoxide (CO), and oxygen (O2). In the test results, it was found that the increase in the quality of tofu liquid waste biogas by using horse dung starter was producing a volume of 513.6 ml, a temperature of 31.7oC, a C/N ratio of 5.336, a CH4 content of 69%, and H2S content of 5 ppm, a CO content of 9 ppm and an O2 content of 16.3%.
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Rogala, Zbigniew, Michał Stanclik, Dariusz Łuszkiewicz i Ziemowit Malecha. "Perspectives for the Use of Biogas and Biomethane in the Context of the Green Energy Transformation on the Example of an EU Country". Energies 16, nr 4 (15.02.2023): 1911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16041911.
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Natural gas is the primary source of energy, accounting for around 20% of the world’s energy production. It is also a key element in reducing CO2 emissions due to its key role in stabilizing renewable energy sources. At the same time, natural gas as a fossil fuel that emits CO2 should be limited. A natural candidate that can ensure the stabilization of RES and at the same time reduce the demand for fossil fuels is biogas. Successful use of biogas requires a thorough understanding of the potential, structure, and specifics of its sources and production technology. The presented study provides a perspective and a brief overview of the existing potential of biogas production. Poland was chosen as the case study and it was shown that almost 90% of the Polish biogas potential comes from sources with a capacity below 100 Nm3/h, which is the current minimum commercially available capacity of the biogas purification and liquefaction technologies. Consequently, full utilization of these sources would require a downsizing of these technologies.
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Kalinichenko, Antonina, Valerii Havrysh i Vasyl Perebyynis. "Evaluation of Biogas Production and Usage Potential". Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 23, nr 3 (1.09.2016): 387–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eces-2016-0027.
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Abstract The aim of the research is the development of theoretical and methodical bases for determining the feasibility of plant raw materials growing for its further bioconversion into energy resources and technological materials to maximize profit from business activities. Monograph, statistics, modelling and abstract logical methods have been used during the research. Directions of biogas usage have been examined. Biogas yields from different crops have been analyzed. It has been determined that high methane yields can be provided from root crops, grain crops, and several green forage plants. So, forage beet and maize can provide more than 5,500 m3 of biogas per hectare. Attention is paid to the use of by-products of biogas plants, especially carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is an important commodity and can increase profitability of biogas plant operating. It can be used for different purposes (food industry, chemical industry, medicine, fumigation, etc). The most important parameters of the biogas upgrading technologies have been analyzed. If output of an upgrade module is more than 500 nm3/h, investment costs of different available technologies are almost equal. According to experts, it is economically feasible to use anaerobic digestion biogas systems to upgrade biomethane provided their performance is equivalent to 3,000 litres of diesel fuel per day. The economic and mathematical models have been suggested to determine the feasibility of growing plant materials to maximize the gross profit. The target function is the maximum gross income from biogas utilization. It has the following limitations: annual production of biogas, consumption of electricity, heat and motor fuels. The mathematical model takes into account both meeting own requirement and selling surplus energy resources and co-products including carbon dioxide. In case of diesel fuel substitution, an ignition dose of diesel fuels has been considered. The algorithm for making a decision on construction of a biogas plant has been offered.
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Simsek, Suleyman, Samet Uslu i Hatice Simsek. "Experimental study on the ability of different biogas level dual fuel spark ignition engine: Emission mitigation, performance, and combustion analysis". Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles 76 (2021): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2021060.
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The major aim of the research is to investigate the ability of biogas as an alternative fuel for gasoline-powered Spark Ignition (SI) engine. In this study, biogas/gasoline fuel mixtures containing different ratios of biogas, gasoline, and biogas were tested in an SI engine with an increased compression ratio at different engine loads and constant engine speed. According to the comparison with gasoline, the utilization of biogas generally decreased the Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE), while the Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) rose. The lowest BTE and the highest BSFC were obtained with 100% biogas. Compared to gasoline, a decrease of 16.04% and an increase of 75.52% were observed, respectively. On the other hand, the use of biogas has improved all emissions. The best emission values were obtained with 100% biogas. Compared to gasoline, Carbon monoxide (CO), HydroCarbon (HC), and Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) emissions decreased by 56.42%, 63%, and 48.96%, respectively. Finally, according to the results of the combustion analysis, the peak pressures were reduced with the utilization of biogas, and the position of the peak pressure shifted by 2° to 3° Crank Angle (CA). Compared to gasoline, the lowest pressure was obtained with 100% biogas, resulting in a reduction of approximately 24.69%.
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Kozak, F. V., T. V. Dikun, L. I. Gaeva i Y. M. Demyanchuk. "ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF THE USE OF BIOGASES FROM WASTE AND SECONDARY COMMODITIES OF FISHING AS FUEL IN INTERNAL ARRANGEMENTS". Scientific Bulletin of Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas (Series: Economics and Management in the Oil and Gas Industry), nr 1(17) (11.04.2018): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/2409-0948-2018-1(17)-45-52.
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Natural gas (methane) is widely used in the world as an alternative to the use ofliquid petroleum fuels. This makes it possible to reduce the harmfulness of emissions into theatmosphere, cheapen the use of motor vehicles, and extend the life of engines. This is especiallytrue for Ukraine with its powerful network of AGNKS. However, natural gas, despite itssignificant reserves, is an exhaustive resource, like oil. And so its value is constantly increasing.An alternative is to use biogas - a product of recycling biowaste of various origins. However, thecomposition of biogas is significantly different from natural gas. For its use, additional cleaningis required from the ballast components or, alternatively, as a fuel, a mixture of biogas andnatural gas.The prospects of using biogas in the composition of the mixture with natural gas, changesin fuel characteristics and their estimated value depending on the percentage content of thecomponents are analyzed.
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Sasongko, Mega Nur. "The Effect of Percentage of CO2 on the Biogas Counterflow Diffusion Flame Stability". Applied Mechanics and Materials 664 (październik 2014): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.664.221.
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This study aims to determine the effect of the percentage of CO2 in the biogas to the characteristics of biogas diffusion flame. Counterflow configuration was used in this study to investigate detail structure of diffusion flame and the flame stability of biogas. The concentration of CO2 in the biogas was varied from 0% to 50% while the mass flow rate of the reactants was varied from 4 to 14 L / min. The results showed that the CO2 in the biogas fuel affect the diffusion flame characteristics, especially the area of luminous yellow flame formed in the fuel flow. In the low oxygen concentration, percentage of CO2 did not affect the diffusion flame stability. However, the flame stability was more influenced by the rate of diffusion between fuel and oxygen. Therefore, the combustion of biogas is more recommended to be done in the low oxygen concentration.
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Dykun, T. V., V. I. Artym, Ya M. Demianchuk, F. V. Kozak i L. I. Haieva. "Analysis of residual gases of internal combustion engines at working on biogas and their effects on the environment". Oil and Gas Power Engineering, nr 1(33) (3.09.2020): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9868-2020-1(33)-101-108.
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Given the limited resources of Ukraine in petroleum fuels for internal combustion engines, the use of alternative fuels is quite relevant. One of their sources is biogas from livestock by-products and garbage dump. Ukraine has significant volumes of these renewable sources, the potential of which reaches more than 100 million tons of conventional fuel. Unfortunately, this resource is rarely used. In developed countries, biogas is widely used for electricity generation in power plants with internal combustion engines. Today in the United States the volume of biogas production is about 500 million m3 / year, in France – 40 million m3 / year. In the Czech Republic, Austria, Denmark, Finland and other countries, biogas is used as a motor fuel. Business Concerns Volvo, Scania produce buses running on biogas. In Ukraine, gas from landfills and livestock by-products is mostly released into the atmosphere or burned by flares, polluting the surrounding air. This causes additional greenhouse gas emissions. It is known that the main source of air pollution is vehicles. Exhaust, i.e. residual gases are considered toxic. The World Motor Vehicle Park annually emits up to 260 million tons of carbon monoxide, 40 million tons of volatile hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and others. The composition of the residual gases of the internal combustion en-gine depends on the component composition of the sources of fuel and, of course, on the mode of operation of the internal combustion engine In the given article the structure of residual gases of internal combustion engines at work on biogas is analyzed and their influence on environment is generalized. Based on analytical calculations, it is determined how the amount of residual gas components changes depending on the excess air ratio and the per-centage of methane in biogas. Recommendations for improving the performance of internal combustion engines on biogas by using it in mixtures with natural gas are given. According to the research results, the corresponding graphical dependences are constructed.
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Kshatriya, Anmol Singh, Prabhatkumar Tiwari, Sreekanth M, T. M. Yunus Khan, Shaik Dawood Abdul Khadar, Mohamed Mansour i Feroskhan M. "Investigations into the Combined Effect of Mahua Biodiesel Blends and Biogas in a Dual Fuel Engine". Energies 15, nr 6 (11.03.2022): 2057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15062057.
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Rapid depletion of conventional fuel sources has led to the use of alternative fuels and implementation of variant engine technologies to reduce deleterious emissions being released and deliver thermal energy for numerous applications. This research aims to study the usage of mahua methyl ester in a single-cylinder 4-stroke CI engine, optimized to operate in the dual fuel mode. Performance, combustion and emission characteristics are recorded and compared with diesel with the sole aim of finding the blend that provides adequate performance and diminishing emissions. To this effect, the percentage of mahua biodiesel blend, load, biogas flow rate and methane fraction are varied. The experimentation is conducted using three mahua biodiesel blend variants namely B10, B20 and B30. Gaseous fuel comprising biogas (CH4 and CO2 in ratio of 3:2) and methane (CH4) are incorporated in the dual fuel condition at 8 litre per minute (lpm) and 12 lpm. B20 blend demonstrated better performance and emission characteristics. The addition of biodiesel (B20) showed more than 5% improvement in brake thermal efficiency. Additionally, comparing with normal diesel mode, B20 showed lower CO (0.061%) and NOx (615 ppm) emissions. In the dual fuel condition, methane and biogas are effective in reducing the NOx emissions, but with a negative repercussion of extortionately elevated HC and CO emissions. The best combination is deduced to be B20 mahua biodiesel at 8 lpm of biogas flow rate in the dual fuel mode due to better performance and emission characteristics.
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Naumann, S. "Fuel processing of biogas for small fuel cell power plants". Journal of Power Sources 56, nr 1 (lipiec 1995): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7753(95)02203-s.
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