Artykuły w czasopismach: „Biodiesel fuelled compression ignition engine”

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Deshmukh, Gopal Kumar, Ammenur Rehman i Rajesh Gupta. "Experimental Investigations of a Compression-Ignition Engine Fuelled with Transesterified-Jatropha BiodieselDiesel Blend". July 2021 40, nr 3 (1.07.2021): 474–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2103.02.

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Jatropha-curcas biodiesel has recently been considered as one of the potential renewable energy sources in Asia. This biodiesel is produced through the transesterification process of the non-edible oil obtained from Jatropha-curcas. The properties of this biodiesel are quite similar to those of diesel fuel. However, high viscosity of pure Jatropha-curcas biodiesel adversely affects engine performance. Hence, the percentage of Jatrophacurcas biodiesel that will not cause any adverse effect on the engine must be determined. In this context, this paper experimentally investigates the performance and exhaust emission characteristics of a direct injection compression ignition engine fuelled with 25%, 50% and 100% volume basis Jatropha-curcas biodiesel with diesel. Results showed that the Jatropha-curcas biodiesel and its blends demonstrated lower values for brake thermal efficiency and exhaust emission levels than diesel, but not for nitrogen oxide levels and brake specific fuel consumption. It was observed that the blend containing 25% Jatropha-curcas biodiesel (BD25) was the best alternative for diesel fuel based on engine emissions and overall performance. Therefore, BD25 could be considered a potential alternative fuel for compression ignition engines.

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Agarwal, A. K., J. Bijwe i L. M. Das. "Wear Assessment in a Biodiesel Fueled Compression Ignition Engine". Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 125, nr 3 (1.07.2003): 820–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1501079.

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Biodiesel is prepared using linseed oil and methanol by the process of transesterification. Use of linseed oil methyl ester (LOME) in a compression ignition engine was found to develop a highly compatible engine-fuel system with low emission characteristics. Two similar engines were operated using optimum biodiesel blend and mineral diesel oil, respectively. These were subjected to long-term endurance tests. Lubricating oil samples drawn from both engines after a fixed interval were subjected to elemental analysis. Quantification of various metal debris concentrations was done by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Wear metals were found to be about 30% lower for a biodiesel-operated engine system. Lubricating oil samples were also subjected to ferrography indicating lower wear debris concentrations for a biodiesel-operated engine. The additional lubricating property of LOME present in the fuel resulted in lower wear and improved life of moving components in a biodiesel-fuelled engine. However, this needed experimental verification and quantification. A series of experiments were thus conducted to compare the lubricity of various concentrations of LOME in biodiesel blends. Long duration tests were conducted using reciprocating motion in an SRV optimol wear tester to evaluate the coefficient of friction, specific wear rates, etc. The extent of damage, coefficient of friction, and specific wear rates decreased with increase in the percentage of LOME in the biodiesel blend. Scanning electron microscopy was conducted on the surfaces exposed to wear. The disk and pin using 20% biodiesel blend as the lubricating oil showed lesser damage compared to the one subjected to diesel oil as the lubricating fluid, confirming additional lubricity of biodiesel.

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Falbo, Luigi, i Ernesto Ramundo. "Performance Analysis of a Biodiesel-Fired Engine for Cogeneration". E3S Web of Conferences 312 (2021): 08013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131208013.

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The continuous demand to reduce both the pollutant emissions and the greenhouse gas (GHG) is increasing the use of alternative fuels as biodiesel in direct-injection compression ignition engines under combined heat and power (CHP) configuration. Although the biodiesel has different thermophysical properties compared to the standard diesel, it can be used in compression ignition engines without significant modifications. However, the pure biodiesel and biodiesel/diesel blends provide different performance and combustion characteristics with respect to the standard diesel engine. In order to estimate the behaviour of a micro-CHP system fuelled with biodiesel, a zero dimensional (0D) numerical model was development. This model is based on a single zone model and predicts the behaviour of a biodiesel/diesel blend-fired engine at full and partial load in terms of electrical efficiency, thermal efficiency and specific fuel consumption. Notwithstanding the biodiesel/diesel blend reveals lower performance in terms of electric and thermal efficiencies, can be used in CHP systems preserving the environmental sustainability avoiding significant modifications in the engine architecture.

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Peng, De-Xing. "Tribological and emission characteristics of indirect ignition diesel engine fuelled with waste edible oil". Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 68, nr 5 (8.08.2016): 554–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-10-2015-0151.

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Purpose Energy is the prime mover of economic growth and is vital to the sustenance of a modern economy. Future economic growth depends heavily on the long-term availability of energy from sources that are affordable, accessible and environmentally friendly. Regulating the sulfur content in diesel fuel is expected to reduce the lubricity of these fuels, which may result in increased wear and damage of fuel injection systems in diesel engines. Design/methodology/approach The tribological properties of the biodiesels as additive in pure petro-diesel are studied by ball-on-ring wear tester to find optimal concentration, and the mechanism of the reduction of wear and friction will be investigated by optical microscopy. Findings Studies have shown that low concentrations of biodiesel blends are more effective as lubricants because of their superior polarity. Using biodiesel as a fuel additive in a pure petroleum diesel fuel improves engine performance and exhaust emissions. The high biodegradability and superior lubricating property of biodiesel when used in compression ignition engines renders it an excellent fuel. Originality/value This detailed experimental investigation confirms that biodiesel can substitute mineral diesel without any modification in the engine. The use of biofuels as diesel engine fuels can play a vital role in helping the developed and developing countries to reduce the environmental impact of fossil fuels.

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Fasogbon, S. K., N. B. Jagunmolu, A. O. Adeyera, A. D. Ogunsola i O. O. Laosebikan. "Emission Pattern of Compression Ignition Engine Fueled with Blends of Tropical Almond Seed Oil-Based Biodiesel using Artificial Neural Network". Engineering and Technology Research Journal 6, nr 2 (2.09.2021): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47545/etrj.2021.6.2.084.

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Engine pollutants have been a significant source of concern in most countries around the world because they are one of the major contributors to air pollution, which causes cancer, lung disorders, and other severe illnesses. The need to reduce emissions and its consequences has prompted studies into the emission profile of internal combustion engines running on particular fuels. To this end, this study employed the power of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to investigate the impact of injection timing on the emission profile of Compression Ignition Engines fuelled with blends of Tropical Almond Seed Oil based-biodiesel; by conducting a series of experimental tests on the engine rig and using the results to train the ANNs; to predict the emission profile to full scale. Blend percentages, load percentages, and injection timings were used as input variables, and engine emission parameters were used as output variables, to train the network. The results showed that injection timing affect emission output of CI engines fuelled with Tropical Almond Oil based biodiesel; and for the emission pattern to be friendly, injection timing must rather be retarded and not advanced. The results also showed that for different engine emission parameters, there is a strong association between the ANN output results and the actual experimental values; with mean relative error values less than 10%, which fall within the acceptable limits. For emission of CI engines fuelled with Tropical Almond Oil based biodiesel to be friendly in pattern, injection timing must be relatively retarded. The study also concluded that Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is a reliable tool for predicting Compression Ignition Engines emission profiles.

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Gram Shou, Jean Paul, Marcel Obounou, Rita Enoh Tchame, Mahamat Hassane Babikir i Timoléon Crépin Kofané. "Combustion Characteristics and NO Formation Characteristics Modeling in a Compression Ignition Engine Fuelled with Diesel Fuel and Biofuel". Journal of Combustion 2021 (18.11.2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7111040.

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Compression ignition engine modeling draws great attention due to its high efficiency. However, it is still very difficult to model compression ignition engine due to its complex combustion phenomena. In this work, we perform a theoretical study of steam injection being applied into a single-cylinder four-strokes direct-injection and naturally aspirated compression ignition engine running with diesel and biodiesel fuels in order to improve the performance and reduce NO emissions by using a two-zone thermodynamic combustion model. The results obtained from biodiesel fuel are compared with the ones of diesel fuel in terms of performance, adiabatic flame temperatures, and NO emissions. The steam injection method could decrease NO emissions and improve the engine performances. The results showed that the NO formation characteristics considerably decreased and the performance significantly increased with the steam injection method. The relative errors for computed nitric oxide concentration values of biodiesel fuel and diesel fuel in comparison to the measured ones are 2.8% and 1.6%, respectively. The experimental and theoretical results observed show the highly satisfactory coincidences.

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Agarwal, Avinash Kumar, Tarun Gupta i Abhishek Kothari. "Particulate emissions from biodiesel vs diesel fuelled compression ignition engine". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15, nr 6 (sierpień 2011): 3278–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.04.002.

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Radu, Bogdan, Alexandru Racovitza i Radu Chiriac. "On the assessment of autoignition delay for Diesel fuel and Biodiesel B20". MATEC Web of Conferences 234 (2018): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823403002.

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The use of bio-fuels is a necessity nowadays, regulated by European legislation, which imposes to the EU-countries an increase in the substitution rate of classic fossil Diesel fuel. Biodiesel (B) fuel proves to be a reliable agent to fulfil this requirement, but a certain number of aspects have to be ameliorated regarding the compatibility of this kind of fuel with the existent compression ignition engines. One of these problems relies on the autoignition delay, on which the research results are still dispersed. The paper proposes an analysis of this autoignition delay when using a compression ignition (CI) engine fuelled with Diesel fuel and with blends of Diesel and Biodiesel fuels (B20 – 20% volumetric fraction of Biodiesel), starting from several correlations given by the literature, which are based on single-cycle analysis and application of the integral Livengood-Wu method. The obtained results offer an image of the in-cylinder processes complexity and of the B20 fuel behaviour related to the tested engine operation.

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C, Vijayakumar, Murugesan A, Subramaniam D i Panneerselvam N. "An Experimental Investigation of Diesel Engine Fuelled with MgO Nano Additive Biodiesel - Diesel Blends". Bulletin of Scientific Research 1, nr 2 (16.11.2019): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/bsr1924.

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In this experimental investigation compacts the performance and emissions of compression ignition engines fuelled with MgO nano additive, maducaindica bio diesel blends were examined. Based upon the previous literatures only 20% mahuca methyl ester fuel blends without nano additives is suitable for compression ignition engine without affecting engine efficiency and its characteristics. In this paper magnesium oxide nano additives are added into the 40% Mahucaindica biodiesel- diesel blends at the rate of 50ppm for developing the test fuels. In this nano additives improve the properties of diesel fuel like viscosity, calorific value and decreased the flash point and fire point. Then compared the performance and emissions differences of all blended fuels used as a fuel in a diesel engine. The observation of results, 40MgO + 50ppm blended fuels brake thermal efficiency is improved then CO, HC, CO2and smoke decreased compared to other fuel blends. The results are taken into account, a blend of 40MgO+ Mgo50ppm is the best blend ratio compared than other blends with nano additives.

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C, Ramesh, Murugesan A i Vijayakumar C. "Reducing the Environmental Pollution from Diesel Engine Fuelled with Eco- Friendly Biodiesel Blends". Bulletin of Scientific Research 1, nr 2 (16.11.2019): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/bsr1925.

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Diesel engines are widely used for their low fuel consumption and better efficiency. Fuel conservation, efficiency and emission control are always the investigation points in the view of researchers in developing energy system. India to search for a suitable environmental friendly alternative to diesel fuel. The regulated emissions from diesel engines are carbon monoxide (CO), Hydrocarbons (HC), NOx and Particulate matter. It creates cancer, lungs problems, headaches and physical and mental problems of human. This paper focuses on the substitution of fossil fuel diesel with renewable alternatives fuel such as Biodiesel. Biodiesel is much clear than fossil diesel fuel and it can be used in any diesel engine without major modification. The experiment was conducted in a single-cylinder four-stroke water-cooled 3.4 kW direct injection compression ignition engine fueled with non-edible Pungamia oil biodiesel blends. The experimental results proved that up to 40% of Pungamia oil biodiesel blends give better results compared to diesel fuel. The AVL 444 di-gas analyzer and AVL 437 smoke meter are used to measure the exhaust emissions from the engine. The observation of results, non-edible Pongamia biodiesel blended fuels brake thermal efficiency (3.59%) is improved and harmful emissions like CO, unburned HC, CO2, Particulate matter, soot particles, NOx and smoke levels are 29.67%, 26.65%, 33.47%, 39.57%, +/- 3.5 and 41.03% is decreased respectively compared to the diesel fuel. This is due to biodiesel contains the inbuilt oxygen content, ignition quality, carbon burns fully, less sulphur content, no aromatics, complete CO2 cycle.

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Maawa, W. N., R. Mamat, G. Najafi, O. Majeed Ali i A. Aziz. "Engine performance and emission of compression ignition engine fuelled with emulsified biodiesel-water". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 100 (22.12.2015): 012061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/100/1/012061.

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Zhu, Rong Fu, Yun Long Wang, Hui Wang i Yuan Tao Sun. "Performance of a Compression-Ignition Engine Fueled with Diesel/Biodiesel Blends". Applied Mechanics and Materials 730 (styczeń 2015): 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.730.283.

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The performance of engine fueled with diesel/biodiesel blends was tested. It was indicated from the experimental results that the brake power, torque out and brake specific fuel consumption of engine fueled with diesel/biodiesel caused slight variations, while NOx emission increased significantly compared with engine fueled with diesel. In order to reduce NOx emission of engine fueled with pure biodiesel, retarding fuel delivery advance angle was used, and the NOx emission tests revealed that the NOx emission decreased significantly at different engine speeds.

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Agarwal, A. K., J. Bijwe i L. M. Das. "Effect of Biodiesel Utilization of Wear of Vital Parts in Compression Ignition Engine". Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 125, nr 2 (1.04.2003): 604–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1454114.

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The combustion related properties of vegetable oils are somewhat similar to diesel oil. Neat vegetable oils or their blends with diesel, however, pose various long-term problems in compression ignition engines, e.g., poor atomization characteristics, ring-sticking, injector coking, injector deposits, injector pump failure, and lube oil dilution by crank-case polymerization. These undesirable features of vegetable oils are because of their inherent properties like high viscosity, low volatility, and polyunsaturated character. Linseed oil methyl ester (LOME) was prepared using methanol for long-term engine operations. The physical and combustion-related properties of the fuels thus developed were found to be closer to that of the diesel oil. A blend of 20 percent was selected as optimum biodiesel blend. Two similar new engines were completely disassembled and subjected to dimensioning of various vital moving parts and then subjected to long-term endurance tests on 20 percent biodiesel blend and diesel oil, respectively. After completion of the test, both the engines were again disassembled for physical inspection and wear measurement of various vital parts. The physical wear of various vital parts, injector coking, carbon deposits on piston, and ring sticking were found to be substantially lower in case of 20 percent biodiesel-fuelled engine. The lubricating oil samples drawn from both engines were subjected to atomic absorption spectroscopy for measurement of various wear metal traces present. AAS tests confirmed substantially lower wear and thus improved life for biodiesel operated engines.

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Kapilan, Natesan, i Naik Jullya. "Studies on Improvement of Performance of Compression Ignition Engine Fuelled with Mixture of Honge Biodiesel and Tire Pyrolysis Oil". Strojnícky casopis – Journal of Mechanical Engineering 68, nr 1 (1.04.2018): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2018-0002.

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Abstract The biodiesel has lower volatility and is costlier than the fossil diesel. Hence it is necessary to add a low cost fuel which has higher volatility, with the diesel. The tire pyrolysis oil (TPO) produced from waste tire and tubes have these desirable properties and hence in this work, we have mixed TPO with biodiesel to enhance the properties of the biodiesel. The engine tests were carried out on a single cylinder compression ignition engine with the mixture of biodiesel and TPO as fuel. From the engine tests, it is observed that the fuel mixture results in engine performance close to diesel operation at the higher injector nozzle opening pressure.

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Nguyen, Thanh Viet, Khanh Duc Nguyen, Nang Xuan Ho i Vinh Duy Nguyen. "Engine performance and combustion characteristics of a direct injection compression ignition engine fueled waste cooking oil synthetic diesel". International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 7, nr 3 (26.05.2020): 560–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40789-020-00328-x.

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Abstract Biodiesels produced from various feedstocks have been considered as alternative fuels used in internal combustion engines without major modifications. This research focuses on producing biodiesel from waste cooking oil (WCOSD) by the catalytic cracking method using MgO as the catalyst and comparing the engine operating characteristics of the test engine when using WCOSD and traditional diesel (CD) as test fuels. As a result, the brake power of the test engine fueled WCOSD, and traditional diesel is similar. However, the engine fuel consumption in the case of using WCOSD is slight increases in some operating conditions. Also, the nitrogen oxides emissions of the test engine fueled WCOSD are higher than those of CD at all tested conditions. The trend is opposite for hydrocarbon emission as the HC emission of the engine fueled by WCOSD reduces 26.3% on average. The smoke emission of the test engine in case of using WCOSD is lower 17% on average than that of CD. However, the carbon monoxide emissions are lower at the low and medium loads and higher at the full loads. These results show that the new biodiesel has the same characteristics as those of commercial biodiesel and can be used as fuel for diesel engines.

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STRAVINSKAS, Saulius, Alfredas RIMKUS i Jonas MATIJOŠIUS. "EVALUATION OF VIBRATION AND NOISE CHARACTERISTICS OF A COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINE FUELLED WITH NATURAL GAS-BIODIESEL DUAL FUEL". Transport Problems 18, nr 1 (1.03.2023): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.20858/tp.2023.18.1.06.

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As environmental requirements become more stringent and the planet becomes more polluted, the replacement of conventional diesel is attracting more interest. For alternative fuels, such as biodiesel and natural gas, to be used, their effects must be examined not only in terms of the engine’s environmental indicators but also in terms of engine vibrations and sound pressure. This study examined the influence of dual fuel – biodiesel and natural gas – on vibrations and sound pressure of a compression-ignition (CI) engine. Conventional diesel or hydrotreated vegetable oil biodiesel was used as a pilot fuel for gas ignition. The gaseous fuel was natural gas, which was injected into the intake manifold with different energy shares of the gaseous fuel (40%, 60% and 80%). Tests were performed at a constant engine crankshaft speed and a fixed start of pilot fuel injection of 6° BTDC while the fuel composition and engine load were changed. This experiment revealed correlations between gas energy share (GES) in liquid fuel and ecological and energy indicators of a CI engine.

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Vijayaragavan, Mathan Raj, Ganapathy Subramanian, Lalgudi Ramachandran, Manikandaraja Gurusamy, Rahul Kumar Tiwari i Sanat Kumar. "Experimental Investigation of Performance Characteristics of Compression Ignition Engine Fuelled with Punnai Oil Methyl Ester Blended Diesel". Pakistan Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research Series A: Physical Sciences 60, nr 1 (28.02.2017): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.phys.sci.60.1.2017.23.28.

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Biodiesel is a renewable substitute to conventional diesel and offers cleaner performance. Thispaper deals with performance characteristics of four stroke, water cooled Compression Ignition (CI) enginefuelled with four different oils: diesel, diesel-punnai oil biodiesel 10% (B10), diesel-punnai oil biodiesel20% (B20) and diesel-punnai oil biodiesel 30% (B30). The present research, experiments were conductedto study the effect of viscosity, cetane number, flash point, calorific value and density on performancecharacteristics of diesel, Punnai oil biodiesel and its different blends (B10, B20, B30). The experimentalresults of this study showed that the diesel has 2.6% and 4.6% higher brake specific fuel consumption(BSFC) as compared to B10 and B20, respectively at full load, whereas BSFC of diesel was same as B30at higher load. Volumetric efficiency and mechanical efficiency of B10 was 1.2% and 7.5% higher ascompared to diesel at full load condition. Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) and indicated thermal efficiencyof B20 was 8.12% and 7% higher as compared to diesel at full load. From this study, it is concluded thatPunnai oil biodiesel could be used as a viable alternative fuel in a single cylinder, four stroke, water cooleddirect injection diesel engine.

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Belyamin, Belyamin, Alias Mohd Noor, Mohanad Hamzah Hussein i Mazlan Said. "Characterization of Diesel Engine Generator Operating at Different Compression Ratio Fuelled with Palm Oil Biodiesel". Applied Mechanics and Materials 388 (sierpień 2013): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.388.241.

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Experiment to determine exhaust gas emission and combustion characteristics of a compression ignition generator was carried out. The experiment used single cylinder four strokes direct injection engine which was fuelled with diesel and palm oil methyl ester of B2 (blends 2% palm oil methyl ester with 98% diesel on a volume basis), B5, B7 and B10. The experiment was conducted at a fixed engine speed of 3000 rpm and 50% load with variety compression ratios of 16:1, 18:1, and 20:1and 22:1. Optimum compression ratio, influence of compression ratio on specific fuel consumption and thermal efficiency were examined. Palm oil methyl ester produce better output when the engine operate with variable compression ratio. Specific fuel consumption decrease, NOx increase and thermal efficiency increase when optimum compression ratio of engine is operated.

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Nagarajan, J., Dhinesh Balasubramanian, Esmail Khalife i Kaisan Muhammad Usman. "OPTIMIZATION OF COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE FUELLED WITH COTTON SEED BIODIESEL USING DIGLYME AND INJECTION PRESSURE". JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION 2, nr 2 (2022): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/jtin.02.2022.52.61.

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The main research problem from the usage of diesel engine arises from increased fuel prices and emissions releasing from combustion. The objective of the current work relies on finding out a suitable biodiesel blend and improving the diesel engine characteristics by means of additives. The current study discusses about the optimization of the diesel engine characteristics employing cotton seed biodiesel (CSOME) blends. CSOME 20 was found to give the better engine characteristics. Also the engine characteristics were optimized with the addition of diglyme at proportions of 10 and 15% to CSOME20. Along with further optimization was done with varying injection pressure values. It was observed that CSOME DGM 15 reduced the smoke and carbon monoxide emissions with rise in Nitrogen Oxides. BTE was recorded to be highest at 220 bar. Smoke and hydrocarbon were found to be minimum at 220 bar with maximum NOx emissions.

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Ganesh, DB, i S. Kumarappa. "Performance of a Biodiesel Fuelled Single Cylinder Electronic Injection Compression Ignition Engine". Science, Technology and Arts Research Journal 2, nr 1 (17.12.2013): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/star.v2i1.98849.

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Balaji, D., T. Mathevan Pillai, K. Gnanasekaran, M. Balachandar, T. S. Ravikumar, S. Sathish i Ravishankar Sathyamurthy. "Dataset for compression ignition engine fuelled with corn oil methyl ester biodiesel". Data in Brief 27 (grudzień 2019): 104683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2019.104683.

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Saleh, A., F. B. Akande, D. T. Adeyemi i O. O. Oniya. "Performance evaluation of a Compression Ignition Engine using Sand Apple (Parinari polyandra B.) ethyl ester (biodiesel)". Nigerian Journal of Technology 40, nr 2 (18.10.2021): 348–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v40i2.21.

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The quest for non-edible oil for the production of alternative fuel (bio-fuel) using homogeneous catalysts continues to supplement and replace in totality the traditional transportation fuels that are not environmentally friendly. The use of biodiesel in Compression Ignition Engines (CIE) to evaluate the engine performance is a norm and blends of biodiesel and Automotive Gas Oil (AGO) are also used in the engine performance processes to ascertain its usage in the CIE. Therefore, this study evaluated the performance of a compression-ignition engine (CIE) fuelled with biodiesel produced from sand apple oil using eggshell as a heterogeneous catalyst. Transesterification of Sand Apple Oil (SAO) with ethanol to produce ethyl ester and glycerol was optimized. Sand Apple Ethyl Esters (SAEE) was blended with Automotive Gas Oil (AGO) at 5 – 25% mix to evaluate the performance of a 3.68 kW diesel engine at five loading conditions (0, 25. 50, 75, 100%). Performance tests were carried out to determine torque, speed, exhaust gas temperature and fuel consumption rate. Data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA at P < 0.05 significant level. Results of parameters tested ranged from 6.50 – 6.60 Nm, 2795 – 2950 rpm, 385 – 400 °C and 2.93 – 5.00 × 10−6 kg/s, respectively for all the blends. The study established that the performance of the diesel engine using 5 – 25% SAEE-AGO blends was similar to using AGO alone and SAEE is therefore suitable for use in the CIE.

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Sarathbabu, R. T., M. Lakshmikantha Reddy, M. Kannan i R. Balaji. "Thermodynamic Investigation of a Modified Compression Ignition Engine Fueled by Diesel Biodiesel Ethanol Blends". Defence Science Journal 72, nr 2 (11.05.2022): 268–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.72.17383.

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The present study contrasts the thermodynamics analysis of modified diesel engines with traditional diesel engines. Thermodynamics study is done by the use of energy and exergy analysis for diesel, B20 (blend of 80 per cent diesel by volume with 20 per cent mahua biodiesel) and LHR modification and LTC 15 per cent EGR fuelled with B20 blend and 5 per cent ethanol with various loads ranging from no load to full load. Implemented two technologies for increasing engine efficiency. One of the primary techniques is the Low Heat Rejection (LHR) concept (or the so-called “Adiabatic” engine) applied. In the engine cylinder, a ceramic layer of Alumina (Al2O3) was used to modify the Low Heat Rejection (LHR). Another technique is Low-temperature combustion (LTC) modes are added by joining the inlet and exhaust pipes through valves to control the exhaust gas at an optimal rate of 15 per cent. The findings of energy and exergy distribution in the engine were compared using optimum alterations with fuel blends such as 20 per cent mahua biodiesel and 5 per cent ethanol. From energy distribution, best shaft power (QBP) (2.8kW) is transformed from heat input observed in the optimum altered engine at full load conditions compared to others. Due to modifications employed in the engine and fuels. Maximum unaccounted energy (QUN) loss in diesel (44 %). And highest thermal efficiency (31.2 %) is revealed in B20E5 (LHR+15 % LTC). From exergy distribution, it noticed that the same trend of energy distribution and at 100 per cent load condition, maximum (12.54kW) in diesel and minimum (8.45 kW) in B20E5 (LHR+15 % LTC) has obtained input availability (Ain).The maximum conversion rate of availability in brake power (Abp) (0.61 kW) in B20 (LHR). Compared to diesel, second law or exergetic efficiency more in B20E5 (LHR+15 % LTC).

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Thangaraja, J., i S. Rajkumar. "Effect of Saturation and Unsaturation of Fatty Methyl Esters on Biodiesel NOx Emission Characteristics". Applied Mechanics and Materials 787 (sierpień 2015): 766–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.766.

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Biodiesel is a renewable fuel and an attractive alternative to replace fossil diesel without major engine modifications. However, the emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) from biodiesel fuelled engines are reported to be higher compared to diesel engine. The characteristics of biodiesel are known to depend on their fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) contents which vary with the feedstock. Thus the contribution of saturation and unsaturation of pure components of fatty acid methyl esters on NOx formation warrants a systematic investigation. This paper attempts to relate the composition of biodiesel with NOx formation. For this purpose, the NO formation from pure fatty acid methyl esters are predicted using extended Zeldovich reaction scheme. Also, the experiments are conducted for measuring oxides of nitrogen from a compression ignition engine operated using neat palm and karanja methyl esters and their blends providing biodiesel combinations of varying degree of saturation for investigation. The measured NOx concentrations are compared with the corresponding predictions to affirm the influence of fatty acid methyl ester on engine NOx characteristics. The results clearly indicate that the change in degree of saturation influences the NOx formation and an increase in the degree of saturation of biodiesel decreases the engine NOx emission.

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Kolakoti, Aditya, Ambati Vijay Kumar, Raghu Metta, Muji Setiyo i Muhammad Latifur Rochman. "Experimental studies on in-cylinder combustion, exergy performance, and exhaust emission in a Compression Ignition engine fuelled with neat biodiesels". Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology 7, nr 2 (9.05.2022): 219–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ijost.v7i2.49680.

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In the last decade, the search for cleaner fuels like biodiesels is gaining wide popularity, and exergy analysis are widely used in design and performance evaluation to identify the various losses. In this study, three neat biodiesels are tested for energy and exergetic performance in a single-cylinder, four-stroke IDI diesel engine. The experiments are conducted for waste poultry fat biodiesel (WPFBD), palm oil biodiesel (POBD), and waste cooking oil biodiesel (WCOBD) at various loads by maintaining a fixed rpm of 1500. Parameters like exergetic efficiency, exergy destruction, and various heat loss factors are computed from the thermodynamic models. The in-cylinder combustion pressures, heat release rate, and fuel consumption are also measured. Results show that WCOBD dominates the other two biodiesels by achieving high exergetic efficiency (52.74%) and low exergetic destruction (3.74 kJ). The in-cylinder combustion pressures and net heat release for WCOBD show smoother combustion with better torque conversion. In contrast, POBD shows high fuel consumption and more unaccounted heat losses. Better utilization of heat input by converting it into useful work was achieved for WCOBD at 75 and 100% loads. Similarly, the exhaust emissions from WCOBD compared with diesel fuel at all the loads reveal that except for NOx, there is a drastic reduction of CO, UHC, and exhaust smoke.

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Alahmer, Ali, Hegazy Rezk, Wail Aladayleh, Ahmad O. Mostafa, Mahmoud Abu-Zaid, Hussein Alahmer, Mohamed R. Gomaa, Amel A. Alhussan i Rania M. Ghoniem. "Modeling and Optimization of a Compression Ignition Engine Fueled with Biodiesel Blends for Performance Improvement". Mathematics 10, nr 3 (28.01.2022): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10030420.

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Biodiesel is considered to be a promising alternative option to diesel fuel. The main contribution of the current work is to improve compression ignition engine performance, fueled by several biodiesel blends. Three metrics were used to evaluate the output performance of the compression ignition engine, as follows: brake torque (BT), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and brake thermal efficiency (BTE), by varying two input parameters (engine speed and fuel type). The engine speeds were in the 1200–2400 rpm range. Three biodiesel blends, containing 20 vol.% of vegetable oil and 80 vol.% of pure diesel fuel, were prepared and tested. In all the experiments, pure diesel fuel was employed as a reference for all biodiesel blends. The experimental results revealed the following findings: although all types of biodiesel blends have low calorific value and slightly high viscosity, as compared to pure diesel fuel, there was an improvement in both BT and brake power (BP) outputs. An increase in BSFC by 7.4%, 4.9%, and 2.5% was obtained for palm, sunflower, and corn biodiesel blends, respectively, as compared to that of pure diesel. The BTE of the palm oil biodiesel blend was the lowest among other biodiesel blends. The suggested work strategy includes two stages (modeling and parameter optimization). In the first stage, a robust fuzzy model is created, depending on the experimental results, to simulate the output performance of the compression ignition engine. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used in the second stage to determine the optimal operating parameters. To confirm the distinction of the proposed strategy, the obtained outcomes were compared to those attained by response surface methodology (RSM). The coefficient of determination (R2) and the root-mean-square-error (RMSE) were used as comparison metrics. The average R2 was increased by 27.7% and 29.3% for training and testing, respectively, based on the fuzzy model. Using the proposed strategy in this work (integration between fuzzy logic and PSO) may increase the overall performance of the compression ignition engine by 2.065% and 8.256%, as concluded from the experimental tests and RSM.

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Dariusz Kurczyński. "Effect of the RME Biodiesel on the Diesel Engine Fuel Consumption and Emission". Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina 23, nr 4 (1.10.2021): B308—B316. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/com.c.2021.4.b308-b316.

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Road transport is the primary source of atmospheric air pollution, thus posing a threat to human health and life. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of fuel obtained from plants on the ecological properties of a compression ignition engine. The article reports the results of investigations into a modern engine with a Common Rail system, powered by the RME (rapeseed methyl esters) biodiesel and their blends with diesel. For comparison, the engine was also fuelled with conventional diesel oil without ester addition. When powering the engine with blends and pure biodiesel, brake specific fuel consumption increased. The concentrations of nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide in the engine exhaust gas also slightly increased. At the same time, a clear reduction in average concentrations of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and particulates matter was obtained.

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Bhavesh Pathak i Nikul Patel. "Thermodynamic Performance of an Engine by Modifying Piston Bowl Geometries Fuelled by SME-100, LA-100, KB-100 Biodiesel Blends, and Diesel". Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 102, nr 1 (3.02.2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.102.1.113.

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Simulation of Direct injection (DI) compressed ignition (CI) engine working on diesel thermodynamic cycle on diesel-Rk software carried out for evaluating the effect on thermal performance. The analysis of an engine was worked out by applying different bowl geometrical shapes and by testing with different fuels. Further same compositions were tested on an experimental test rig having a set-up of (compressed ignition, single cylinder, four strokes, air-cooled, direct injection) diesel engine at constant crank speed. Hemispherical (HCC), Shallow depth (SCC), Re-entrant (RCC), Double wedge shallow, and Toroidal (TCC) piston geometries were created in solid-work and analyzed with B-100 blend of SME (Soybean Methyl Ester), KB (Karanja Biodiesel), LA (Roselle Biodiesel) and diesel further they were analyzed and their effects have investigated experimentally and numerically at fully loaded condition, with a constant crank speed of 1500 rpm and by setting constant compression ratio at 17.5. BSFCs were higher by 21.03%, 12.97%, and 12.96% for SME100, KB100, and LA100 with hemispherical, toroidal, and re-entrant type combustion chambers compared with the diesel fuel. Indicated thermal efficiencies and ignition delay periods were reported slightly lower for different blends and pure biodiesel than diesel at specific load conditions whereas combustion durations were reported higher compared to diesel.

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Pandhare, Amar P., S. G. Wagholikar, R. B. Jadhav Sachin Musale i A. S. Padalkar. "Preparation of Jatropha Biodiesel Using Hydrotalcite Catalyst and its Performance on Diesel Engine". Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (październik 2011): 1368–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.1368.

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The heterogeneous catalyst are environment friendly and render the process simplified. A wide variety of solid bases have been examined for this process. The present work reports the use of hydrotalcite catalyst for the synthesis of Biodiesel from jatropha oil. An experimental investigation has been carried out to analyze the performance and emission characteristics of a compression ignition engine fuelled with Jatropha oil and its blends (10%, 20%, 40%, 50%, and 60 % ) with mineral diesel. The effect of temperature on the viscosity of Jatropha oil has also been investigated. A series of engine tests, have been conducted using each of the above fuel blends for comparative performance evaluation. The performance parameters evaluated include thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), brake specific energy consumption (BSEC), and exhaust gas temperature whereas exhaust emissions include mass emissions of CO, HC, NO. These parameters were evaluated in a single cylinder compression ignition diesel engine. The results of the experiment in each case were compared with baseline data of mineral diesel. Significant improvements have been observed in the performance parameters of the engine as well as exhaust emissions. The gaseous emissions of oxide of nitrogen from all blends are lower than mineral diesel at all engine loads. Jatropha oil blends with diesel (up to 50% v/v) can replace diesel for operating the CI engines giving lower emissions and improved engine performance. More over results indicated that B20 have closer performance to diesel and B100 have lower brake thermal efficiency mainly due to its high viscosity compared to diesel.

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Joshi, Ishwar, i Surya Prasad Adhikari. "Performance Characteristics of Pine Oil Mixed Diesel Fueled Single Cylinder Four Stroke Diesel Engine". Himalayan Journal of Applied Science and Engineering 2, nr 1 (18.06.2021): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hijase.v2i1.37819.

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In this study, biodiesel from the stem of Pinus roxburghii was prepared by steam distillation process. Consequently, the physical and thermal properties of pine biodiesel (P100), and 20 % pine-biodiesel and 80 % diesel (P20) were tested on American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. The test results confirmed that the thermophysical properties of pine biodiesel and its blend were suitable for the fuel in diesel engine without any modification in the test engine. Eventually, the engine performance and combustion parameters were evaluated for pine-biodiesel blend for 5 % biodiesel and 95 % diesel (P5), 10 % biodiesel and 90 % diesel (P10), 15 % biodiesel and 85 % diesel (P15) and P20, and compared with diesel on Kirloskar Single Cylinder Compression Ignition Engine for a compression ratio of 15:1. In the midst of those in different blends evaluated, P15 showed the better brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) i.e 18.75 % lower than diesel fuel particularly up to 50 % of the engine load. However, at higher load, decrease rate in BSFC of P15 fuel is lower than engine load up to 50 %. Similarly, brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of P15 increases to 13.5% mainly on 50 % loading condition of the engine. At above, increment rate of BTE of pine oil biodiesel compared to diesel decreases. The brake power (BP) and brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) of P15 also found nearer to diesel. However, the BP of P15 found higher compared to diesel in all loading conditions. Thus, from the experimental investigations, P15 blend of pine oil biodiesel was found to be amenable for its use in compression ignition (CI) engine without any modification, as the BTE and SFC were found to better and, BP, indicated power (IP) and BMEP were also found nearer to diesel fuel.

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Yusuff, Adeyinka Sikiru, Olalekan David Adeniyi, Moses Aderemi Olutoye i Uduak George Akpan. "Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine Fuelled with Waste Frying Oil Derived Biodiesel-Petroleum Diesel Blend". International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 32 (wrzesień 2017): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.32.100.

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Direct use of vegetable oil as a fuel on compression ignition engine has been described as impossible, because of its high viscosity and density. Transesterification process and other methods have been identified as ways of reducing these two properties. The high cost of virgin vegetable oils and its competition for food have made the biodiesel unable to compete with fossil diesel and also hike its cost. In order to solve these menaces, in this study, waste frying oil was used as a feedstock for production of biodiesel via transesterification using anthill-eggshell promoted Ni-Co mixed oxides (NiCoAE) as heterogeneous catalyst. The composite catalyst was prepared via incipient wetness impregnation (IWI) method and thermally treated at 1000 °C for 4 h. The developed catalyst was characterized using FTIR and SEM techniques. The biodiesel produced under the favourable reaction conditions was blended with petroleum diesel in three different proportions (B20, B50 and B80) and were tested on diesel engine to evaluate their performance and emission characteristics. The blended fuel containing 20% by volume biodiesel (B20) emitted lowest percentage of CO and CO2. The result obtained herein indicates that the mixture of biodiesel and petroleum diesel containing 20% biodiesel (B20) emitted less carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2), thus, indicating best dual fuel combination, which can be used in diesel engines without any adjustment or modification in the engines. This result is in agreement with the findings reported in the literature and Energy Policy Act (EPA) of 1992.

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Agarwal, A. K. "Experimental investigations of the effect of biodiesel utilization on lubricating oil tribology in diesel engines". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 219, nr 5 (1.05.2005): 703–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440705x11239.

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Biodiesel is an alternative fuel derived from vegetable oils by modifying their molecular structure through a transesterification process. Linseed oil methyl ester (LOME) was prepared using methanol in the presence of potassium hydroxide as a catalyst. The use of LOME in compression ignition engines was found to develop a very compatible engine-fuel system with lower emission characteristics. Two identical engines were subjected to long-term endurance tests, fuelled by an optimum biodiesel blend (20 per cent LOME) and diesel oil, respectively. Various tribological studies on lubricating oil samples drawn at regular intervals from both engines were conducted in order to correlate the comparative performance of the two fuels and the effect of fuel chemistry on lubricating oil performance and life. A number of tests were conducted in order to evaluate the comparative performances of the two fuels such as density measurement, viscosity measurements, Flashpoint determination, moisture content determination, pentane and benzene insolubles, thin layer chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, etc. All these tests were used for an indirect interpretation of the comparative performance of these fuels. The performance of biodiesel fuel is found to be superior to that of diesel oil and the lubricating oil life is found to be longer while operating the engine on biodiesel

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Sharma, Shiv Kumar. "Emission Analysis of Compression Ignition Engine Fuelled with Biodiesel Derived from Waste Cooking Oil". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 6, nr 6 (30.06.2018): 1123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2018.6166.

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Karthikeyan, A., i J. Jayaprabakar. "Energy and exergy analysis of compression ignition engine fuelled with rice bran biodiesel blends". International Journal of Ambient Energy 40, nr 4 (15.11.2017): 381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01430750.2017.1399459.

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Koszalka, Grzegorz, i Jacek Hunicz. "Detailed speciation of emissions from a diesel engine fuelled with canola methyl ester". MATEC Web of Conferences 234 (2018): 03005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823403005.

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Although the effects of biodiesel combustion on emissions of regulated toxic components have been widely studied, the issue of specific hydrocarbon species production has not yet been comprehensively understood. This study compares detailed exhaust emissions from a compression ignition engine fuelled with canola methyl ester and mineral diesel, as a reference fuel. Additionally, blends of these two fuels were examined. The experiments were performed on a 4-cylinder diesel engine, where fuel was injected in a single dose. The experimental matrix included two engine load sweeps at rotational speeds corresponding to maximum torque and maximum power. Detailed exhaust composition was measured with the use of a Fourier transform infra-red analytical system. To enable unbiased evaluation of the effect of different fuels on hydrocarbons emissions fuel carbon conversion into species carbon was considered. The results showed that there is not a monotonic effect of the content of biodiesel fuel on particular hydrocarbon species. In the case of some hydrocarbon species, the lowest emissions were recorded for mixture of the two fuels.

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Micheli, L. F., D. L. Módolo i L. E. R. Pereira. "EFFECTS OF THE USE OF D-LIMONENE AS AN ADDITIVE TO DIESEL-BIODIESEL BLENDS ON EXHAUST GASES COMPOSITION OF COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINES". Revista de Engenharia Térmica 17, nr 2 (28.12.2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v17i2.64128.

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The transesterification of vegetable oils results in methyl esters of fatty acid, known as biodiesel. This one presents similar features of diesel oil, such as cetane number, specific weight, heat of combustion and air-fuel ratio. However, arising problems from its higher viscosity leads to a poor spraying by the fuel injectors and so to a low-grade combustion, causing formation of undesirable deposits inside the engine, changes in the properties of the lubricating oil and in the composition of the exhaust gas. Owing to this issue, it is necessary to study an additive able to make biodiesel characteristics more appropriate to be used in compression ignition engines, as well as a monitoring of changes in exhaust gas composition. The chosen additive was d-limonene, a monocyclic terpene obtained as a byproduct of citriculture. This paper presents the preliminary results obtained from the tests in a stationary diesel engine fuelled with mixtures of diesel-biodiesel and d-limonene, in different concentrations, comparing to regular diesel fuel. Although it was used in low concentrations, the additive was efficient in the reduction of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and opacity.

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Rimkus, Alfredas, Jonas Matijošius i Sai Manoj Rayapureddy. "Research of Energy and Ecological Indicators of a Compression Ignition Engine Fuelled with Diesel, Biodiesel (RME-Based) and Isopropanol Fuel Blends". Energies 13, nr 9 (11.05.2020): 2398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13092398.

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This article presents the results of a study of energy and ecological indicators at different engine loads (BMEP) adjusting the Start of Injection (SOI) of a Compression Ignition Engine fuelled with blends of diesel (D), rapeseed methyl ester (RME)-based biodiesel and isopropanol (P). Fuel blends mixed at D50RME45P5, D50RME40P10 and D50RME30P20 proportions were used. Alcohol-based fuels, such as isopropanol, were chosen because they can be made from different biomass-based feedstocks and used as additives with diesel fuel in diesel engines. Diesel fuel and its blend with 10% alcohol have almost the same thermal efficiency (BTE). In further examination of energy and ecological indicators, combustion parameters were analysed at SOI 6 CAD BTDC using AVL BOOST software (BURN subprogram). Increasing alcohol content in fuel blends led to a reduced cetane number, which prolonged the ignition delay phase and intensified heat release in the premixed combustion phase. Higher combustion temperatures and oxygen content in the fuel blends increased NOx emissions. Lower C/H ratios and higher O2 levels affected by RME and isopropanol reduced smoke emissions.

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Devkota, Lochan Kendra, i Surya Prasad Adhikari. "Experimental Investigation on the Performance of a CI Engine Fueled with Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel Blends". Himalayan Journal of Applied Science and Engineering 2, nr 1 (18.06.2021): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hijase.v2i1.37816.

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In this study, different performance parameters of a Compression Ignition (CI) engine fueled with waste cooking oil biodiesel blends with diesel in different percentage volumes of 5 % biodiesel and 95 % diesel (W5), 10 % biodiesel and 90 % diesel (W10), 15 % biodiesel and 85 % diesel (W15) and 20 % biodiesel and 80 % diesel (W20) were tested experimentally. First, biodiesel was produced from waste cooking oil by transesterification process. The physical-chemical properties of biodiesel and W20 were tested. The tested properties of W20 were found to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards near to diesel fuel. Subsequently, test of diesel and biodiesel blended fuels were carried out using 15:1 compression ratio on Kirloskar Single Cylinder Compression Ignition Engine at 1500 rpm on varying loads. The engine performance parameters for biodiesel blends such as Indicated Power (IP), Brake Power (BP), Brake Mean Effective Pressure (BMEP), Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE), Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC) and Mechanical Efficiency (ME) against load in comparison to diesel fuel were obtained and verified those with diesel fuel. IP for diesel, W5, W10, W15 and W20 at load of 12 kg are 4.3 kW, 4.8 kW, 4.7 kW, 4.75 kW and 4.2 kW respectively. ME of W20 at 12 kg load is less by 4.1 % than diesel. The difference in SFC of diesel and W20 at 12 kg load was 0.27 kg/kWh. The experimental outcomes confirm that the IP and SFC of blended biodiesel were slightly superior. Correspondingly, BP and BMEP were also found comparable to diesel fuel.

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Proniewicz, Mateusz, Karolina Petela, Andrzej Szlęk, Grzegorz Przybyła, Ebrahim Nadimi, Łukasz Ziółkowski, Terese Løvås i Wojciech Adamczyk. "Energy and Exergy Assessments of a Diesel-, Biodiesel-, and Ammonia-Fueled Compression Ignition Engine". International Journal of Energy Research 2023 (14.08.2023): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/9920670.

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The research is aimed at investigating ammonia in a compression ignition internal combustion engine as a promising alternative fuel towards decarbonization. This study presents energy and exergy assessments of a low-power engine for three cases of fuel supply, diesel oil, biodiesel oil, and ammonia with pilot biodiesel oil, across the entire engine’s range. While diesel or biodiesel was administered directly into the engine cylinder, the ammonia was delivered through port injection. The results show that the maximum thermal efficiency of 33.56% and exergy efficiency of 31.88% were found at 1800 rpm and 71% load for the diesel fuel system. For the biodiesel fuel system, the efficiencies were 32.72% and 30.93%, respectively, at 1800 rpm and 100% load, and for the ammonia with pilot biodiesel system, they were at 31.98% and 30.04%, respectively, for the same rpm and load. The exergy assessment indicates that exergy destruction, which accounts for the irreversibility of processes such as combustion and friction, is responsible for the greatest loss of useful energy. Optimizing these processes could significantly improve the engine’s performance for all three fuel cases. This research found that ammonia could successfully substitute diesel or biodiesel fuel, as the engine’s efficiency was comparable in all three tested scenarios; however, further research and optimization in terms of the ammonia-fueled engine emissions are required.

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Zang, Jie, Rong Fu Zhu i De Sheng Zhang. "Combustion Behaviors of a Compression-Ignition Engine Fueled with Biodiesel at Different Fuel Delivery Advance Angles". Applied Mechanics and Materials 730 (styczeń 2015): 279–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.730.279.

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The performance of engine fueled with biodiesel was tested. It was indicated from the experimental results that NOx emission of biodiesel reduced significantly with decreasing fuel delivery advance angle BTDC, while soot emission also reduced when the fuel delivery timing was retarded for 2°CA, and the starting position of heat release rate retarded with the delay of fuel delivery timing. It can be concluded that, retarding fuel delivery timing was an effective method to reduce the NOx emission of engine fueled with biodiesel, but led to reduce the brake power output slightly.

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Halwe-Pandharikar, Aboli, Samir J. Deshmukh i Nand Jee Kanu. "Numerical investigation and experimental analysis of nanoparticles modified unique waste cooking oil biodiesel fueled C. I. Engine using single zone thermodynamic model for sustainable development". AIP Advances 12, nr 9 (1.09.2022): 095218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0103308.

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This study investigates the experimental and theoretical impact of biodiesel obtained from hydrodynamic cavitation based waste cooking oil on the performance parameters while testing compression ignition engines. Due to the alarming energy security concerns and inadequacy of fossil fuels, biodiesel is seeking importance globally. Many countries have put forth different subsidies, incentives, and mechanisms, urging the usage of biodiesel. In the current research, nanotechnology is effectively used for enhancement of the blend properties of biodiesel, making them more suitable for compression ignition diesel engines. This investigation includes a comparative analysis of diesel to biodiesel blends with and without the addition of nanoparticles CuO and ZnO. To understand the performance characteristics of a four-stroke diesel engine, a single zone thermodynamic model is developed in it. Comparative readings are taken for the test blends with varying compression ratios of 16, 17, and 18. For each ratio, a variation in the cylinder volume is noted with reference to the rotation in the crank angle. The investigated parameters include net heat release, the rate of pressure rise, brake thermal efficiency, and the heat transfer coefficient. This study concluded that the theoretical results are in close consonance with the experimental results of the comparative analysis of diesel and biodiesel blends. Results obtained from this research paper can contribute to predict combustion process analysis and recommend the effectiveness of nano-additives in biodiesel enhancement.

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Saravanakumar, L., B. R. Ramesh Bapu i B. Durga Prasad. "Effect of Combustion Chamber Geometry on Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Mahua Biodiesel Blends". Advanced Materials Research 984-985 (lipiec 2014): 900–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.984-985.900.

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The present work investigates the effect of change in combustion chamber geometry on performance and emission characteristics of single cylinder diesel engine fuelled with mahua biodiesel. Since plant oil derived from the mahua tree has high fatty acids, it undergoes esterification followed by transesterification process to reduce its viscosity. Experiments were conducted using a blend of 20% biodiesel (B20) 40% biodiesel (B40) with diesel and compared with diesel by using two types of combustion chamber geometry, explicitly hemispherical and modified hemispherical combustion chamber. Performance parameters such as Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE), Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) and emission parameters like Unburned Hydro Carbon (UBHC), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) were studied from the diesel engine with above mentioned configurations. It is obvious that there is considerable improvement in the performance parameter viz, BTE, BSFC and reduction in UBHC emissions by using the modified geometry piston. However, the NOx emission was found to be higher than that of standard configuration. The results obtained from the blend B20 at modified combustion chamber geometry are on par with diesel and hence mahua biodiesel can be suggested as an alternative fuel for Compression Ignition (C.I) engine with modified combustion chamber geometry.

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Rashedul, H. K., H. H. Masjuki, M. A. Kalam, A. M. Ashraful, S. M. Ashrafur Rahman i S. A. Shahir. "The effect of additives on properties, performance and emission of biodiesel fuelled compression ignition engine". Energy Conversion and Management 88 (grudzień 2014): 348–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.08.034.

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Nair, Jayashri N., Ajay Kumar Kaviti i Arun Kumar Daram. "Analysis of performance and emission on compression ignition engine fuelled with blends of Neem biodiesel". Egyptian Journal of Petroleum 26, nr 4 (grudzień 2017): 927–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpe.2016.09.005.

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Saravanan, S., G. Nagarajan, S. Anand i S. Sampath. "Correlation for thermal NOx formation in compression ignition (CI) engine fuelled with diesel and biodiesel". Energy 42, nr 1 (czerwiec 2012): 401–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2012.03.028.

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Renish, R. Rohith, Amala Justus Selvam, Robert Čep i Muniyandy Elangovan. "Influence of Varying Compression Ratio of a Compression Ignition Engine Fueled with B20 Blends of Sea Mango Biodiesel". Processes 10, nr 7 (21.07.2022): 1423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10071423.

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The ever-worsening environmental situation brought on by the huge use of fossil fuels has ramped up biodiesel production. Several studies have shown that a 20% biodiesel-diesel blend (B20) could be the best for utility in a compression ignition (CI) engine. The present study focuses on the characteristics of a variable compression ratio (VCR) engine running with a B20 blend of sea mango biodiesel at compression ratios of 16:1, 17:1 and 18:1. VCR is a technology which permits the engine to modify its compression ratio to improve the fuel economy under varying loads. The experimental results reveal an improvement of 5.27% and 6.25% in the BTE as well as SFC with B20 mix, respectively, at compression ratio (CR) 18:1 against diesel at standard CR, which is 17:1. At CR 18:1, the CO, HC and smoke emissions of B20 fuel at full load were 26.78%, 37.76% and 23.44%, correspondingly lower than those of diesel at standard CR. However, the blend was found to have higher NOx emissions at all the CRs. The least NOx emissions of the blend were noted to be at CR 16:1, although it was 0.77% higher than diesel at standard CR. The combustion characteristics also improved at higher CRs. The findings of this study indicate that the B20 blend of sea mango biodiesel could be utilized at CR 18:1 to replace diesel without any engine modifications.

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Peddinti, Santosh, P. Srinivasa Reddy i P. Timothy. "Noise and Vibration Analysis of Diesel Engine fueled using Diesel and Neem Biodiesel with Inclusion of MoO3 Nano Particles". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, nr 3 (31.03.2023): 765–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.49507.

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Abstract: Biodegradable, renewable, and environmentally friendly oxygenated fuels will replace fossil fuels. A single-cylinder, four-stroke, variable compression ratio, compression ignition engine was tested for performance, combustion, emission, and vibration. Biodiesel from inedible neem, which contains 30–45% wt oil, may replace traditional liquid fuels. This work esterified and transesterified methanol and triglycerides at a 7:1 molar ratio to extract biodiesel at 96% volume. This research uses diesel and neem methyl ester (NME) at 50, 75, and 100 ppm. Engine testing at 1500 rpm and 15:1 compression ratio are performed under various loading circumstances. The vibration levels were reduced for 75 ppm inclusion of MoO3 in biodiesel blends when compared with diesel fuels. As the load increased vibrations observed were at maximum.

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Sankar, Shanmugasundaram, V. Kumaresan Manivarma i Arun Thampi. "Performance and Emission Analysis of a Ci Engine Fuelled with JOME-JOEE-Diesel Blends". Applied Mechanics and Materials 867 (lipiec 2017): 261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.867.261.

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In this study a high viscous liquid fuel, approximately 20 times more than that of diesel, produced from non- edible oil seed jatropha curcaswhich has been considered as an alternative fuel for the compression ignition engine is reduced through trans-esterification process. During this process, the raw jatropha curcas oil is preheated to 60°C and treated with methanol 20% by volume along with potassium hydroxide (KOH) by 0.568% of the oil weight as alkaline catalyst at 60°C reaction temp to produce Methyl Esters of Jatropha Oil (JOME). Similarly, the above method is followed to produce Ethyl Esters of Jatropha Oil (JOEE) with preheating at 70°C. In addition, 2% glycerol is added to the mixture to improve the reaction rate. The lower viscous fuel biodiesel (JOME and JOEE) produced by trans-esterifying of jatropha oil is blended with pure diesel 50% by volume. An experimental investigation have been carried out without altering the CI engine to examine the performance parameters in terms of brake thermal efficiency, total fuel consumption and brake specific fuel consumption for several engine load from 0 Kg to 8 Kg. The study also includes, separation of crude biodiesel from glycerol, washing of crude biodiesel, examination of calorific value using bomb calorimeter, viscosity measurement using redwood and brookfield viscometer, engine emission test and cost comparison for production of one litre of JOME and JOEE. It is inferred from the above study that the blends of JOME with diesel have closer performance to diesel when compared to the blend of JOEE with diesel. But, on comparison of their exhaust emission, the JOEE showed reasonable lower exhaust emission CO and NOx in spite of its higher calorific value when compared with JOME. The study also revealed that the biodiesel can be adopted as an alternative fuel for existing diesel engine without any modification.

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Nataraj, M., V. Thanigaivelan i S. Pradeep Devaneyan. "Review on production of bio-diesel fuel and the performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel-fuelled compression ignition engine". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2054, nr 1 (1.10.2021): 012080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2054/1/012080.

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Abstract By and by, the inventory of contracting petroleum by-product stores, and the ascent in challenges in natural, political and economic have an effect on have brought on the considerable issues in the development of current day culture; these have limited the association producers and experts to search for the inexhaustible and environmentally pleasant strength gasoline sources. Bio diesel is by means of all money owed a promising environmentally pleasant electricity asset. This paper examinations the one of a kind highlights like accessibility, ester content, easy transformation of seed into biodiesel, a range of types of mixes and execution and emanation attributes for biodiesel creation. It was once illustrated that the burning ascribes of biodiesel are shut as diesel and mixes had been located little begin delay, greater begin pressure, greater begin temperature, and pinnacle warmness freedom. The pressure yield of a motor was once determined to be indistinguishable from that of diesel fuel. Likewise, it noticed that the base impetuses are extra profitable than corrosive impetuses and compounds

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Micheli, L. F., L. E. R. Pereira, D. L. Módolo i W. K. D. C. Saruhashi. "COMBUSTION ANALYSIS OF D-LIMONENE AS AN ADDITIVE TO DIESEL-BIODIESEL BLENDS IN COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINES". Revista de Engenharia Térmica 18, nr 2 (16.12.2019): 03. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v18i2.70778.

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Vegetable oils, when subjected to transesterification process generate “vegetable oils esters”, with similar properties as density, cetane number, heating values, air-fuel ratio. However, problems resulting from the higher viscosity, leads to a worst spraying and combustion, formation of undesirable deposits on engine parts and contamination of the lubricant oil. Due to these problems, it is interesting to study an additive, also derived from biomass, to improve the characteristics of biodiesel for a suitable use in diesel engines. This paper proposes an additive (d-limonene obtained from orange peel) and preliminary results obtained from the tests in a stationary diesel engine fueled with mixtures of diesel/biodiesel/d-limonene, in different concentration to compare with a regular diesel-biodiesel blend and analyzes the influence of the additive on the combustion process. The diesel oil used was purchased from BR supply network (containing 7% biodiesel in its composition) and two blends with different concentrations of the additive (1% and 3% of d-limonene) were prepared and tested. Diesel without additive was also tested. The effects of the DS10 addititivation with d-limonene in the combustion process of a diesel engine have been analyzed, the results obtained were satisfactory showing the positive effects in the combustion process with the addition of d-limonene in diesel-biodiesel blends, decreasing the ignition delay around 2 degrees and showing an improvement in the cetane number of the fuel.

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