Rozprawy doktorskie: „Biodiesel fuele engine”

1

Wallace, Scott J. "Diesel Engine Energy Balance Study Operating on Diesel and Biodiesel Fuels". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1212586902.

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Schriefer, Timothy. "The viability of a thermoelectric fuel conditioning system for a diesel engine utilizing biodiesel /". Online version of thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/7508.

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Shenker, Joshua. "The compatibility of semi-synthetic engine oil with conventional diesel and biodiesel fuels". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5607/.

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Recent trends to downsize diesel engines have increased the stress on lubricants. Oils naturally degrade during operation, undergoing continual reactions, changing chemically and physically, detracting in performance from initial specifications. This thesis investigates the role of fuel in the ageing of diesel engine oils, specifically Ultra Low Sulphur Diesel (ULSD) and Rapeseed Methyl Ester (RME – a common European biodiesel). Oil ageing is assessed distinctly with fuel dilution, the entrainment of exhaust gases; and the effects of soot loading. Results show fuel dilution has the greatest influence on oil performance. Effects are seen with an instant ‘dilution’ of properties, with the resultant blend performing as an amalgam of the fluids. This can be both positive and negative, depending on the property being measured, with the entrainment of biodiesel generally beneficial. The entrainment of exhaust gases in the oil leads to increased unburnt hydrocarbons and fuel content, with similar dilution effects. Soot loaded oil performance is heavily dependent on the respective fuel content. RME contamination has a positive influence which far outweighs its negligible soot production, whereas ULSD detracts from oil performance, also producing more soot. During an equivalent timeframe, the influence of RME is less detrimental than ULSD on overall performance.

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4

Islam, Muhammad Aminul. "Microalgae: An alternative source of biodiesel for the compression ignition (CI) engine". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/79551/4/Muhammad%20Aminul%20Islam%20Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis is a comprehensive study of microalgae biodiesel for the compression ignition engine. It examines microalgae growing conditions, the extraction process and physiochemical properties with a wide range of microalgae species. It also evaluates microalgae biodiesel with regards to engine performance and emission characteristics and explains the difficulties and potentiality of microalgae as a biodiesel. In doing so, an extensive analysis of different extraction methods and engine testing was conducted and a comprehensive study on microalgae biodiesel is presented.

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5

Reddy, Varakala Shashidhar. "Evaluation of current and early production electronically controlled heavy-duty diesel engine emissions based on fuel property differences". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4718.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2006.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 89 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-70).

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6

Kevric, Arman. "Combustion characteristics of a compression ignition engine running on biodiesel and gasoline blended fuels". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.605993.

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An experimental investigation of the effects of fuel composition on the ignition delay and heat release characteristics of a light duty, automotive compression ignition engine has been carried out. The ignition delay is defined as the period between the start of the main fuel injection event and the start of combustion (SOC). The research has covered a range of fuel types and blends to maximise the effects of composition on the ignition delay and heat release. The fuels used were diesel, gasoline and FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) produced from rapeseed oil, coconut oil and waste cooking oil. All the engine test studies were carried out using a 2.4 litre displacement, direct injection Ford Puma engine, at test conditions representing low load, mid load and high load at 2000rpm, with EGR rates of up to 35%. Single equation, semi-empirical ignition delay models based upon the Arrhenius equation were studied and developed to fit the experimental ignition delay data, and thus incorporate fuel composition effects. Fuel composition is shown to affect the duration of the ignition delay, but after the start of combustion the heat release characteristics, for a given energy supplied in fuel, proved to be relatively insensitive to fuel composition effects. The premixed fraction is shown to be directly proportional to the ignition delay. The ignition delay of biodiesel fuel is up to 15% shorter than diesel while a gasoline blend of 50% gasoline/50% diesel lengthens the ignition delay by up to 30% with respect to diesel. These differences in the ignition delay affect the engine thermal efficiency by up to 2% due to combustion phasing effects. Gasoline fuel blended up to 80% (by volume) with diesel was combusted successfully, resembling PCCI (Premixed Charged Compression Ignition) combustion regimes, while biodiesel fuel types RME (Rapeseed Methyl Esters), CME (Coconut Methyl Esters) and WCO (Waste Cooking Oil Methyl Esters) all showed differences in heat release characteristics due to ignition delay differences. Calibration changes are necessary to compensate for the fuel composition effects on the ignition delay and subsequent combustion characteristics. An engine specific, single equation ignition delay model was developed that successfully described the experimental ignition delay data over the fuel range of fuel composition: rID = 4.32p-l.02/'P-O.2exp (:;) where EA = A.Kevric University of Nottingham , ' )t8186 . Based upon the analysis of combustion characteristics of the experimental CN+ZS) data, the initial form of a universal ignition delay model was developed, composing of a physical delay portion and a chemical delay portion. A.

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Verma, Puneet. "Role of oxygenated fuels on morphology and nanostructure of soot particles of a diesel engine". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/135429/1/Puneet_Verma_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis investigated how the chemical composition of the fuel we use in diesel engines (i.e. biodiesels), influence the structure and agglomeration of diesel soot particles. These are properties that are important for the performance of diesel particle filters and diesel oxidation catalyst, which are after-treatment devices installed in all modern diesel cars.

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Hossain, Md Farhad. "Experimental investigation of thermochemically-derived fuels in a diesel engine". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/115545/1/Md.%20Farhad_Hossain_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis is a comparative study on thermochemical conversion of biomass and waste feedstocks into fuels and is divided into two streams. The first investigates the use of wet microalgae feedstocks, using hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), to produce biocrude. The second stream explores the use of dry waste tyre feedstocks using Green Distillation Technology (GDT), a modified pyrolysis process, to make tyre oil. An experimental investigation of the physicochemical properties of biocrude oil and tyre oil is made. Finally, the impact of the both fuels on a diesel engine was investigated.

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Kohli, Dhruv. "Development and Validation of a NOx Emission Testing Setup for a Diesel Engine, Fueled with Bio-Diesel". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1236311270.

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Liu, Dai. "Combustion and emissions of an automotive diesel engine using biodiesel fuels under steady and start conditions". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5797/.

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Biodiesels have been proved to reduce the smoke and THC emissions by many researchers. The demands of biodiesel are increasing all over the world. Various feedstocks of biodiesel have been used in different countries and regions. The blend ratio of biodiesel in petrol station is also varies. Therefore, more calibration works have been done for the car manufacturers. In first part this research, the combustion characteristics and emissions of using biodiesels from different feedstocks with different blend ratio was studied by experimental works. Statistical analysis indicated the correlation between emissions and fuel properties. Then, a smoke index, containing Reynolds Number of fuel spray, cetane number and gross heat value of combustion, was created and showed a significant linear relationship with the smoke emissions. The effects of engine loads and EGR rates on the relationship were also discussed. The second part of this research was focused on the cold start with using biodiesel blends. The tests were conducted in a wide range of the temperatures (from -20°C to 90°C). Results showed that the methyl ester biodiesel reduced the PM during the acceleration period of the start at 20°C conditions. As ambient temperature decreased, using of biodiesel shows an increased emissions of PM and THC. The chemical compositions of particle emissions with using biodiesel blends at cold start were identified by a 20-GC/MS and the results also confirmed this trend.

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Ibrahim, Umar. "Characterization of Biodiesel Blends Effects on Aftertreatment Systems and Aftertreatment-based Blend Level Estimation". The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1451906418.

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Kotze, Johan. "A comparative study on the performance of biodiesel in a modern 1.9L turbo diesel engine". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4293.

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Thesis (MScEng (Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis comprises of the testing and evaluation of a modern diesel engine running on both biodiesel and mineral diesel on the upgraded Bio-fuels Testing Facility (BTF) at Stellenbosch University. The project was motivated by the need to install a modern diesel engine onto the existing BTF test rig for biodiesel testing. In this project, the BTF was re-designed to support a new Volkswagen 1.9L TDI engine. The capabilities of the BTF were then expanded further by the implementation of a low-cost pressure indicating system, utilising an optical pressure transducer. During the testing of biodiesel, it was found that the calorific value of the biodiesel was 14% lower than that of the tested mineral diesel. The ignition quality (cetane index) of the biodiesel was also lower than that of the mineral diesel. Even so, the engine only experienced a maximum power loss of 4.2%. During heat-release analysis, it was determined that there was no significant difference in the combustion process of biodiesel and that of mineral diesel. The conclusion could be made that biodiesel is suitable for use in modern TDI engines. Testing validated the operation of the upgraded test cell, and in trials it was determined that the test results are highly repeatable. The pressure indicating set proved to have some limitations. Only simplified heat-release analyses and reasonable indicated power calculations could be performed with the indicating set. Recommendations were made for improvement in future research.
Centre for Renewable and Sustainable Energy Studies

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13

Zare, Ali. "Characterisation of transient diesel engine performance and emissions with oxygenated fuels". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/106950/1/Ali_Zare_Thesis.pdf.

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Globally there are over one billion road vehicles using internal combustion engines many of which are now using alternative fuels as well as or instead of petroleum fuels. This thesis advances knowledge of the use of these fuels under different engine operating conditions by providing an extensive amount of new and fundamental information on a wide range of engine performance and emission parameters. The resource addresses real-world conditions covering combinations of transient (including driving cycle, acceleration and load increase), steady-state operation, cold-start and hot-start. This study will be a useful reference for engine combustion researchers and emission regulation authorities.

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Aburass, Ali. "Diagnostics of fuel injection systems in a CI engine fuelled with biodiesel based on vibration responses". Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2016. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/31541/.

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In recent years, serious restrictions on diesel emission levels, combined with price instability and a significant increase in imports, has forced researchers to look for alternatives to this fossil fuel. Biodiesel is widely accepted as an alternative because it can be used in diesel engines without any substantial modifications and produced by sustainable resources. However, there are serious gaps in available knowledge regarding the effects of biodiesel blends on engine fuel injection systems and the engine combustion process. Therefore, this research focuses on the investigation into such effects through a vibration analysis of fuel injection systems in order to achieve nonintrusive quantitative diagnosis and hence condition monitoring of CI engines. Having identified the specifics of technique gaps by a comprehensive literature study, this research firstly, investigates the dynamics of the fuel injection system with a CI engine running on biodiesel blends as fuels. This is achieved by numerical modelling analysis and experimental studies, which paves ways for using vibration response of fuel injection to diagnose the dynamic behaviour of different fuel properties. Then it investigates the of the change dynamic behaviour of fuel injection on engine combustion process. Finally, it explores the diagnostics of engine valve train clearance faults with an engine running with biodiesel and biodiesel blends based on engine fuel injection vibration responses. A mathematical model has been developed and used to simulate the behaviour of the fuel injection system, including the fuel delivery and injector needle valve motions. It has concluded that the high pressure dynamic forces within the injection system will be affected by fuel properties such as fuel density, viscosity and bulk modules. The simulation results demonstrated; (i) that, the injector pressure is higher than that of the fuel injection pump, whose amplitudes are about 10% higher for biodiesels compared with petro-diesel; (ii) the levels of the pressure forces applied to the delivery valve and injector needle valve are also higher for biodiesel blends and (iii) nearly 1° (cam shaft) advance in the times of fuel injection rates and valve impacts with biodiesel and biodiesel blends. These predictions are confirmed by experimental results obtained by injection line pressures and pump vibrations and in-cylinder pressures. Diesel engines are particularly prone to the engine combustion process primarily due to a fault in the fuel injection system and an abnormal clearance valve train conditions. The high-signal to noise ratio pump vibrations obtained from the pump body can be easily used for detecting and diagnosing faults from fuel injections. In the meantime, the research has also established that the pump vibration signals can be also used to recognise valve train diagnostics with medium effort of signal processing. It has found that the vibration levels become higher, due to the faults as a consequence of additional fuel supply to compromise the loss of overall power caused by poor combustion performance on the cylinder with an increased valve clearance. Moreover, B20 and B40 exhibit the similar changes with that of petro-diesel in the proposed high frequency envelop amplitudes (HFEA) whereas B100 shows less increased values. However, the pressure measurements are not very clear in representing these small changes in valve clearances for both the exhaust and inlet valves. Compared with head vibration signals, which also can indicate the faults by a reduced level of vibration due to an effect combined reduced valve movement stroke with gas flow dampening, the pump vibration signals uniformly show the injection events and allow combustion uniformity between different cylinders to be diagnosed using a single transducer, whereas it may produce less accurate diagnosis by the head vibrations because of the close overlap of combustion and valve impact responses which needs complicated methods to be separated.

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15

Crawford, Morgan H. "Feasibility and Emissions of Compression Ignition Engines Fueled with Waste Vegetable Oil". [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000193.

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Moretti, Ricardo Roquetto 1982. "Mistura diesel, biodiesel e etanol anidro : uma possibilidade para reduzir o custo de produção da cadeia da cana-de-açúcar". [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264671.

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Orientador: Waldir Antonio Bizzo
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica
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Resumo: A emissão de poluentes por veículos automotores é um dos grandes problemas ambientais enfrentados na atualidade. Para resolver o problema de emissão de poluentes à modificação da matriz energética foi o caminho adotado, e para isso realizaram-se investimentos em tecnologias para fabricação de motores com melhor eficiência térmica e capazes de operar com biocombustíveis. No Brasil etanol foi o combustível objeto de estudo para realizar a mudança na matriz energética, por ser um produto produzido em larga escala no Brasil. Durante o estudo realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica sobre os processos de produção de etanol, biodiesel e óleos vegetais. Avaliou-se a viabilidade técnica e financeira de se utilizar uma mistura de combustível óleo diesel, biodiesel versus o desempenho da mistura óleo diesel, biodiesel e etanol anidro em um motor de ignição por compressão visando não acarretar perda de performance no motor. Para a avaliação do desempenho global do motor utilizou-se um motor ciclo diesel comercial, operando com 95% de óleo diesel e 5% biodiesel e comparou-se esse mesmo motor utilizando uma mistura de 92,15% de óleo diesel, 4,85% de biodiesel e 3% de etanol anidro
Abstract: This work investigated the feasibility of using a blend of standard Brazilian diesel (which contains 5% biodiesel) and up to 5% ethanol. We characterized the mixture as fuel and measured the performance of a diesel engine operating with a blend containing 3% anhydrous ethanol, the maximum percentage of ethanol that did not reduce the cetane number of the fuel below that specified in Brazilian legislation (ANP Resolution 42). The presence of anhydrous ethanol in the mixture did not cause a significant impact on engine performance as measured by brake power, brake torque and brake specific fuel consumption tests. The thermal efficiency of the engine used in the tests was slightly higher with standard diesel than with the diesel-biodiesel-ethanol blend
Mestrado
Termica e Fluidos
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

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Vinay, Kumar Nerella V. "An Analysis on Vehicular Exhaust Emissions from Transit Buses Running on Biodiesel Blends". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1271886446.

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Mamat, Rizalman. "Performance and emission characteristics of an automotive diesel engine using biodiesel fuel with the influence of air intake variables". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1003/.

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The air induction system plays a major role by providing necessary air charge for combustion to take place in an engine cylinder. The pressure drop across the air intake manifold is known to have a significant effect on the indicated power of the internal combustion engine. Most car manufacturers locate the air grill at the front of a vehicle to enhance the volumetric efficiency. However due to wading performance, for a sport utility vehicle like a Land Rover Freelander the air grill is located at the side of the front tyre. The air speed at the grill side is high and creates negative pressure, thus reducing the volumetric efficiency. Therefore, a thorough study of the design of the air induction system (AIS) with negative pressure at the air grill is vital, in order to fully understand the flow behavior in this AIS. Moreover, when the engine is equipped with turbocharger, the performance of the air intake system is also affected by the exhaust parameter which depends on the combustions of fuel in the engine cylinder. The properties of biodiesel are slightly different in density, viscosity and cetane number. These parameters are potentially affecting the combustion in engine cylinder. Thus, the investigation of the effect of fuel on the air intake system is vital for the study of the diesel engine operating with biodiesel. The analysis of the combustion of biodiesel in a V6 diesel engine includes the ignition delay, rate of heat release, in-cylinder peak pressure as well as the exhaust emissions. The study consists of 3 parts; (1) three-dimensional CFD analysis on the performance of the Land Rover Freelander AIS, (2) one-dimensional analysis of a V6 diesel engine with the effect of the AIS, (3) experimental study of a V6 diesel engine operating with RME and ULSD; The three-dimensional analyses on the performance 2 of a Freelander AIS have been conducted to study the effect of negative pressure on pressure-drop in the intake manifold. The results show that the magnitude of negative pressure gives significant effect not just to pressure drop but also to the flow behavior in the intake manifold. The steady flow tests on the actual intake manifold of a Freelander model have been conducted to validate the simulation outcome. The results show good agreement between experiment and simulation. In order to improve understanding on the flow wave action on the intake manifold of a V6 diesel engine, one-dimensional engine simulations have been conducted using commercial Ricardo WAVE v7.2 software. The result shows good agreement between simulation and experiment. The simulation result shows a significant affect on the wave action as pressure drop increases from zero to 20% in the intake manifold. The research continued further to investigate the effect of air induction parameters in the V6 diesel engine such as pressure drop and flow temperature on the performance and emissions of the engine. The effect of intake flow parameter to the engine when operated with RME has been studied and the comparisons have been made when ULSD is used as base fuel. The experimental results show that in general, the engine operating with RME produces lower power and higher bsfc due to low energy content of RME as compared to ULSD. The emissions of NOx are slightly higher, but lower CO and HC are produced. The pressure drop along the AIS has significantly affected the performance as well as emissions of the engine. The performance of the diesel engine drops significantly as the pressure drop increases and exhaust emissions increase considerably.

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Tanugula, Shravan Kumar [Verfasser], i Henning [Akademischer Betreuer] Hopf. "Synthesis of Glycerol Based Fuel Additives to Reduce NOx Emissions from Diesel Engines Operated on Diesel and Biodiesel fuels by SNCR / Shravan Kumar Tanugula ; Betreuer: Henning Hopf". Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1175826847/34.

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Bueno, Andre Valente. "Analise da operação de motores diesel com misturas parciais de biodiesel". [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263483.

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Orientadores : Luiz Fernando Milanez, Jose A. Velasquez
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
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Resumo: As conseqüências da adição de biodiesel ao óleo diesel foram estudadas estabelecendo-se relações de causa e efeito entre o desempenho do motor e os processos de combustão e formação de mistura. Foram incluídos, nesta discussão, aspectos como emissões poluentes, formação de mistura, dinâmica do processo de combustão, eficiência de conversão do combustível,desempenho do motor em carga máxima e consumo específico.Utilizaram-se, sob tal propósito, técnicas tradicionalmente associadas à pesquisa e ao desenvolvimento dos motores de ciclo diesel, tais como a análise de liberação de energia, a análise exergética e ensaios dinamométricos. Devido às pequenas variações observadas nos parâmetros opcionais do motor com a introdução do biodiesel, algumas modificações nos métodos aplicados para a coleta de dados experimentais e nos modelos empregados em seu processamento se mostraram necessárias. Dentre tais ajustes, pode-se destacar a formulação de um novo modelo de análise exergética para os processos ocorrentes no cilindro e a utilização de um arranjo inédito de sistema indicador. Demonstrou-se que a adição de biodiesel em baixas concentrações favorece a conversão da exergia do combustível em trabalho no interior do cilindro, proporcionando uma elevação na eficiência de operação do motor. Para os combustíveis analisados, que compreendem a adição de até 20% de biodiesel em volume, a mistura contendo 10% desta substância ofereceu as melhores características quanto ao desempenho e ao consumo específico
Abstract: The consequences of the biodiesel blends with diesel fuel were analyzed establishing cause and effect relationships between the engine performance and the combustion and mixture preparation processes. In this investigation, aspects like pollutant emissions, mixture preparation,dynamic of the combustion process, fuel conversion efficiency, performance under full load and specific fuel consumption were included.Techniques traditionally associated with diesel engines research and development were utilized for this purpose, including heat release analysis, exergetic analysis and dynamometric bench tests. In order to account for the small effects of the biodiesel introduction on the engine operational parameters, some modifications of the methods and models applied to data acquisition and post-processment were necessary. These modifications include the formulation of a new model for the in cylinder exergetic analysis and a novel arrangement of indicator system. By using the exergetic analysis, it was demonstrated that the blending of biodiesel in low concentrations increases the conversion of fuel exergy into work within the cylinder, causing an elevation on the engine efficiency. For the analyzed fuels, which enclose up to 20% of biodiesel addition in volume, the 10% biodiesel blend has presented the best results of performance and specific fuel consumption
Doutorado
Termica e Fluidos
Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica

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Chandran, Davannendran. "Experimental investigation into the physico-chemical properties changes of palm biodiesel under common rail diesel engine operation for the elucidation of metal corrosion and elastomer degradation in fuel delivery system". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/35228/.

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Compatibility of fuel delivery materials (FDM) with biodiesel fuel in the fuel delivery system (FDS) under real-life common rail diesel engine (CRDE) operation poses a challenge to researchers and engine manufacturers alike. Although standard methods such as ASTM G31 and ASTM D471 for metals and elastomers, respectively, are deemed suitable for evaluating the effects of water content, total acid number (TAN) and oxidation products in biodiesel on FDM degradation, they do not resemble the actual engine operation conditions such as varying fuel pressure/temperature as well as the presence of a wide range of materials in the FDS of a diesel engine. Hence, the current allowable maximum 20 vol% of biodiesel with 80 vol% of diesel (B20) for use in diesel engines to date is debatable. Additionally, biodiesel utilization beyond B20 is essential to combat declining air quality and to reduce the dependence on fuel imports. This thesis aims to elucidate the actual compatibility present between FDM and biodiesel in the FDS under real-life CRDE operation. This was achieved through multi-faceted experimentations which commenced with analyses on the deteriorated palm biodiesel samples collected during and after CRDE operation. Next, the fuel properties which should be emphasized based on the deteriorated fuel were determined. This was then followed by ascertaining the effects of the emphasized fuel properties towards FDM degradation. Ultimately, the actual compatibility of FDM with biodiesel under engine operation through modified immersion investigations was determined. FDM degradation acceleration factors such as oxidized biodiesel, TAN and water content were eliminated since these factors were not affected based on the analysed fuel samples collected after engine operation. No oxidation products such as aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids were detected while the TAN and water content were within 0.446% and 0.625% of their initial values, respectively. Instead, the biodiesel’s dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and conductivity value were not only found to have changed during and after engine operation by -93% and 293%, respectively, but were also found to have influenced biodiesel deterioration under engine operation. These two properties were subsequently discovered to have adversely affected FDM degradation independently. The copper corrosion rate and nitrile rubber (NBR) volume change increased by 9% and 13%, respectively, due to 22% increase in the conductivity value. In contrast, the copper corrosion rate and NBR volume swelling reduced by 91% and 27%, respectively, due to 96% reduction in the DO concentration. Ultimately, copper corrosion and NBR degradation were determined to be lowered by up to 92% and 73%, respectively, under modified immersion as compared to typical immersion condition. These outcomes distinctly show that acceptable to good compatibility is present between FDM and biodiesel under CRDE operation. The good compatibility is strongly supported since only a maximum lifespan reduction of 1.5 years is predicted for metal exposed to biodiesel as compared to diesel for a typical component lifespan of 15 years. For the elastomers, acceptable compatibility is found present between elastomer and biodiesel based on the determined 11% volume change which conforms to the tolerance level of elastomer degradation as stated by the elastomer manufacturers. These are especially true for the evaluated metals and elastomers investigated under the modified laboratory immersion which replicates similar conditions to a real-life CRDE. Overall, this work has contributed to the advancement of knowledge and application of biodiesel use in diesel engines.

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Winward, Edward. "A study of the effects of the properties of fuel, compression ratio and EGR on diesel exhaust soot physiochemical characteristics". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/16351.

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This research work characterises diesel engine soot physiochemical properties and engine performance and emissions for the combustion of two common mineral diesel fuels (low and medium sulphur) and a RME B100 biodiesel fuel at two geometric compression ratios (19.5:1 and 16.5:1) and a broad range of EGR (10 to 55%) for an otherwise unmodified VW 1.9TDI 130PS engine. The principal focus of the research is the physiochemical characterisation of soot sampled from the engine exhaust manifold and also a DPF in the exhaust and exploring how the fuel type, compression ratio and EGR influence the soot properties and how these properties then influence the evolution of the soot in the exhaust.

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Garimella, Venkata Naga Ravikanth. "Exhaust Emissions Analysis for Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel and Biodiesel Garbage Trucks". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1290203383.

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Castellanelli, Márcio. "Desempenho de motor Ciclo diesel em bancada dinamométrica utilizando Biodiesel etílico de soja". Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2006. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/393.

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Ahead of the forecast of scarcity of the oil, the ethyl ester (biodiesel) if has presented as an excellent alternative fuel option for engines cycle diesel. The characteristics of biodiesel are similar of diesel in terms of viscosity and the calorific power, being able to be used without adaptations in the engines. For accomplishment of this work, a motor cycle was used diesel, of direct injection with four cylinders, without adaptations. The engine was connected to a dynamometer and systems of acquisition of data auxiliary for the register of the necessary data. The performances of torque, power and brake specific fuel consumption for the following mixtures had been evaluated: B2, B5, B10, B20, B50, B75 and B100. The best registered performance was given with the B20 mixture.
Diante da previsão de escassez do petróleo, o éster etílico (biodiesel) tem se apresentado como uma excelente opção de combustível alternativo para motores ciclo diesel. As características do biodiesel são semelhantes as do diesel em termos de viscosidade e poder calorífico, podendo ser utilizado sem adaptações nos motores. Para realização deste trabalho, utilizou-se um motor ciclo diesel, de injeção direta com quatro cilindros, sem adaptações. O motor foi acoplado a um dinamômetro e sistemas de aquisição de dados auxiliares para o registro dos dados necessários. Avaliaram-se os desempenhos de torque, potência e consumo específico de combustível para as seguintes misturas: B2, B5, B10, B20, B50, B75 e B100. O melhor desempenho registrado deu-se com a mistura B20.

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Oliveira, Filho Manoel Fernandes de. "An?lise da sensibilidade do biodiesel B5 em frotas de transporte coletivo com motoriza??o diesel". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2011. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15644.

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The aim of this study was investigate the consolidation of the biodiesel fuel used in (a) engines of urban and intercity bus companies, (b) a stationary engine. It was necessary to investigate and analyze, technologically, if the biodiesel fuels were presenting troubleshooting relative to wear of parts lied to fuel and to evaluate the consumption fluctuations of this fuel. The urban and intercity bus companies, localized in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil, had 41 and 12 vehicles, respectively. It were analyzed datasheet of each one vehicle during three years, since 2008 until 2010 and were interviewed the management of the maintenance team of bus companies relative to aspects concerning the substitution of the diesel fuel by the B5 biodiesel. The second aim of this study was visually inspect the wear of the parts directly lied to combustion process. For this reason, it was investigated a stationary engine, manufactured by Branco BD5, 5 HP of power, fueled by (a) diesel, (b) biodiesel B5, (c) biodiesel B20 and (d) diesel or biodiesel, both contaminated by distilled water. In this engine, its power utilizing biodiesel B5 versus diesel was lower about 5.2% and, in the investigated case of B20 versus diesel, it was lower around 11.5%
Investigou-se a consolida??o do uso do biodiesel em (a) motores de duas frotas de ?nibus, uma urbana e uma intermunicipal e (b) um motor estacion?rio. Entende-se serem necess?rios estudos para se observar, do ponto de vista tecnol?gico, se o uso do biodiesel apresenta problemas quanto ao desgaste das pe?as diretamente envolvidas com o combust?vel e tamb?m observar as flutua??es, para mais ou para menos, do consumo espec?fico desse combust?vel. As frotas de ?nibus urbana e intermunicipal, sediadas em Natal RN - Brasil, possu?am 41 e 13 ve?culos, respectivamente. Foram analisadas as planilhas de cada ve?culo no per?odo de tr?s anos, de 2008 a 2010 e entrevistados os respons?veis pela manuten??o e condu??o da frota para observar os relatos dos mesmos quanto aos aspectos resultantes da substitui??o do ?leo diesel pelo B5. O segundo objetivo deste estudo foi inspecionar visualmente o desgaste das pe?as diretamente envolvidas no processo da combust?o. Para isso, utilizou-se um motor estacion?rio da marca Branco BD5, pot?ncia de 5 CV, abastecido por (a) diesel, (b) biodiesel B5, (c) biodiesel B20 e (d) diesel ou biodiesel contaminado com ?gua destilada. Nesse motor, sua pot?ncia utilizando B5 versus diesel demonstrou ser inferior em 5,2% e, no caso investigado de B20 versus diesel, inferior em 11,5%

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Patel, Kruti. "Fuel parameter testing, quality assessment and engine emissions evaluation of biodiesel (B100), diesel (D100) and its 20% blend (B20) under long term storage conditions". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31997.

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Diesel-powered vehicles have contributed to the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Using biodiesel as a combustion fuel for use in diesel engines is advocated by engineers, environmentalists, industry and government for numerous reasons, including that it is derived from a renewable fuel source and can generate lower emissions than petroleum derived diesel fuel. However, biodiesel has reduced storage stability and is more prone to degradation reactions that can affect its fuel quality and cause changes in its fuel properties. The long-term ageing under real-time conditions of two different biodiesel (B100) fuels (from soybean oil and waste vegetable oils), two petroleum derived diesel (D100) fuels and their 20% vol. or B20 fuel blend was studied by storing these blends under cool (6 °C), ambient outdoor (X °C) and warm temperature (40 °C) conditions. The aged fuel samples were monitored via characterization of several fuel properties in accordance to ASTM and EN regulation standards up to 180 days and 300 days, in some cases. The purpose to meet the standards (e.g., ASTM, EN) is to ensure safe operation, good fuel quality and industrial longevity. The acid number (AN), kinematic viscosity (KV) and cetane number (CN) of the soy methyl ester (SME) after 300 days of ageing at 6 °C, X °C and 40 °C and waste methyl ester (WME) after 180 days of ageing at 6 °C and X °C did not change significantly. WME showed an increasing change in AN and KV after 180 days of ageing at 40 °C. Many of the fuel properties of aged SME and WME were comparable to its initial, un-aged values and were within the limits of technical specifications. The correlation between oxidative stability (OS) and iodine number (IN) was poor for both biodiesels. The analysis of the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles demonstrated the ineffectiveness of employing IN as a total measure of unsaturation for biodiesel fuels. The cloud point (CP) of WME was higher than SME and like KV, CN and OS; it strongly depended on the saturation and unsaturation content of the FAME. The D100 fuels displayed a near zero change in AN, minor increases in KV and adequate stability during storage. The CN of D100 decreased slightly and the measures were within the ASTM limits pre- and post-storage. Many fuel properties of the B20 pre-mix samples differed from the B20 after-mix samples, but these differences are not significant enough to conclusively deduce which B20 blend showed better stability. CN's of B20 were calculated from the measured cetane data of B100 and D100 and compared to the measured cetane data of B20. Select blends of aged Bl 00, D100 and B20 aged at 6 °C and 40 °C were tested for regulated pollutant emissions (HC, CO, NOx, CO₂) in a 1987 Volkswagen Jetta and a 2005 Mercedes Benz Smart Car. The vehicles were driven by the same driver for all test runs at cold start conditions. The effect of certain fuel properties and fuel composition was investigated on emission production. Relative to D100, the B100 and B20 fuels tested in the 1987 VW Jetta produced significantly lower emissions, with reductions in HC and CO of at least 40% and 15%, respectively. The B100 fuels showed a 12% increase in NOx. Storage temperature appeared to affect the produced emissions, particularly for B100 blends, but this effect is not as significant as the variations between the different fuel types (e.g., B100 versus D100). The emissions of B100 and B20 aged at 40 °C in the Smart car did not differ significantly and the results indicate the effect of fuel on emissions is small.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of
Graduate

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Fernandes, Manoel Reginaldo. "?Formula??o de novos combust?veis base diesel: avalia??o de desempenho e emiss?es". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2011. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15909.

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The industry, over the years, has been working to improve the efficiency of diesel engines. More recently, it was observed the need to reduce pollutant emissions to conform to the stringent environmental regulations. This has attached a great interest to develop researches in order to replace the petroleum-based fuels by several types of less polluting fuels, such as blends of diesel oil with vegetable oil esters and diesel fuel with vegetable oils and alcohol, emulsions, and also microemulsions. The main objective of this work was the development of microemulsion systems using nonionic surfactants that belong to the Nonylphenols ethoxylated group and Lauric ethoxylated alcohol group, ethanol/diesel blends, and diesel/biodiesel blends for use in diesel engines. First, in order to select the microemulsion systems, ternary phase diagrams of the used blends were obtained. The systems were composed by: nonionic surfactants, water as polar phase, and diesel fuel or diesel/biodiesel blends as apolar phase. The microemulsion systems and blends, which represent the studied fuels, were characterized by density, viscosity, cetane number and flash point. It was also evaluated the effect of temperature in the stability of microemulsion systems, the performance of the engine, and the emissions of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, unburned hydrocarbons, and smoke for all studied blends. Tests of specific fuel consumption as a function of engine power were accomplished in a cycle diesel engine on a dynamometer bench and the emissions were evaluated using a GreenLine 8000 analyzer. The obtained results showed a slight increase in fuel consumption when microemulsion systems and diesel/biodiesel blends were burned, but it was observed a reduction in the emission of nitrogen oxides, unburned hydrocarbons, smoke index and f sulfur oxides
A ind?stria, ao longo dos anos, vem trabalhando no sentido de melhorar a efici?ncia dos motores. Mais recentemente surgiu, tamb?m, a necessidade de reduzir as emiss?es de poluentes para se adequar ?s severas leis ambientais. Isto tem despertado o interesse de desenvolver pesquisas no sentido de substituir os combust?veis derivados do petr?leo por diversos tipos de combust?veis menos poluentes, tais como: misturas de ?leo diesel com ?steres de ?leos vegetais e ?leo diesel com ?leos vegetais e ?lcool, emuls?es e microemuls?es. Este trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver sistemas microemulsionados a partir de tensoativos n?o i?nicos dos grupos nonilfenois etoxilados e ?lcoois l?uricos etoxilados, misturas com etanol/diesel e misturas diesel/biodiesel para uso em motores diesel. Em uma primeira fase, visando selecionar os sistemas microemulsionados, foram obtidos diagramas tern?rios das misturas, sendo os sistemas compostos por: tensoativos n?o-i?nicos, ?gua como fase polar e como fase apolar o diesel e/ou misturas diesel/biodiesel. Os sistemas microemulsionados e as misturas, que representam os combust?veis estudados, foram caracterizados quanto ? massa espec?fica, a viscosidade, o ?ndice de cetano e o ponto de fulgor. Tamb?m foram avaliados o efeito da temperatura nos sistemas microemulsionados, o desempenho do motor, e as emiss?es de mon?xido de carbono, ?xidos de nitrog?nio, hidrocarbonetos n?o queimados e fuma?a de todos os sistemas. Os ensaios de consumo espec?fico e das emiss?es em fun??o da pot?ncia foram realizados em um motor de ciclo diesel em uma bancada dinamom?trica e o analisador de emiss?es GreenLine 8000. Os resultados mostraram um pequeno aumento no consumo espec?fico para os combust?veis microemulsionados, nas misturas diesel/biodiesel em rela??o ao diesel puro, por?m com uma redu??o nas emiss?es de ?xidos de nitrog?nio, hidrocarbonetos n?o queimados, ?ndice de fuma?a e ?xidos de enxofre

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28

Roule, Jaroslav. "Využití biomasy pro získávání elektřiny v ostrovních provozech". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219913.

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The thesis discusses the use of biomass for electricity island operation. The first chapter explains the concept of biomass and its distribution. It also shows the potential and availability of biomass. The second chapter describes the transformation of biomass into a suitable fuel form. The third to fifth chapter describes the conversion of biomass as a fuel into electrical energy through combustion, Stirling and steam engine. In these chapters there are brought the following parameters and prices of these motors and single-phase and three-phase alternators that can be connected to these engines. Other chapters describe the production of electricity in line with consumption, where the cost per hour to run engines for the various types of fuel and price of the electricity produced in kilowatt hours is calculated. In the last chapter of the thesis there is described the possibility of accumulation of electrical energy.

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29

Zheng, Junnian. "Use of an Engine Cycle Simulation to Study a Biodiesel Fueled Engine". 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-08-3234.

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Based on the GT-Power software, an engine cycle simulation for a biodiesel fueled direct injection compression ignition engine was developed and used to study its performance and emission characteristics. The major objectives were to establish the engine model for simulation and then apply the model to study the biodiesel fueled engine and compare it to a petroleum-fueled engine. The engine model was developed corresponding to a 4.5 liter, John Deere 4045 four-cylinder diesel engine. Submodels for flow in intake/exhaust system, fuel injection, fuel vaporization and combustion, cylinder heat transfer, and energy transfer in a turbocharging system were combined with a thermodynamic analysis of the engine to yield instantaneous in-cylinder parameters and overall engine performance and emission characteristics. At selected engine operating conditions, sensitivities of engine performance and emission on engine load/speed, injection timing, injection pressure, EGR level, and compression ratio were investigated. Variations in cylinder pressure, ignition delay, bsfc, and indicated specific nitrogen dioxide were determined for both a biodiesel fueled engine and a conventional diesel fueled engine. Cylinder pressure and indicated specific nitrogen dioxide for a diesel fueled engine were consistently higher than those for a biodiesel fueled engine, while ignition delay and bsfc had opposite trends. In addition, numerical study focusing on NOx emission were also investigated by using 5 different NO kinetics. Differences in NOx prediction between kinetics ranged from 10% to 65%.

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30

(9776714), Md Hazrat Ali. "Waste plastics as fuel additives: Study of solubility in biodiesel and performance of plastic-biodiesel-diesel blends in a diesel engine". Thesis, 2020. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Waste_plastics_as_fuel_additives_Study_of_solubility_in_biodiesel_and_performance_of_plastic-biodiesel-diesel_blends_in_a_diesel_engine/16850755.

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This study investigated the suitability of using waste plastics as an additive in biodiesel through assessing the performance, emissions and combustion characterises of a diesel engine. Firstly, the waste plastics were dissolved into different biodiesels. Then, the dissolved solution was mixed with standard diesel to make diesel-biodiesel-plastic blends. These plastic blends were then tested in a 4-cylinder, 4-stroke, diesel engine. These analyses indicated that waste plastics can potentially be used as fuel additives along with the diesel-biodiesel blends in diesel engines. There exists little research in this field, so the comprehensive study reported in this thesis is important and significant. The novelty of this work lies in identifying the biodegradable solvents that can properly dissolve waste plastics and demonstrate the beneficial effects of plastics in reducing harmful gas emissions and improving engine performance.

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31

Oberstein, S. "Performance study of a compression ignition engine fuelled with biodiesel and ethanol". Thesis, 2008. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/21069/1/whole_ObersteinSteffen2008_thesis.pdf.

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Biodiesel and ethanol are recognized as a potential fuel of the future with several environmental advantages. While several published literature details the practical uses and applications of ethanol, little or no evidence is available in the public domain on the dual fuel mixture with biodiesel and ethanol and associated engine performance. There is a large established diesel infrastructure on remote islands powered by generators. A good understanding of exhaust gas emissions by these generators can provide useful information on the environmental implication of emissions. There is an established knowledge on the quantitative reduction of harmful emissions when using biodiesel and ethanol. This knowledge can forecast the state of the engine performance and the other detrimental health effects it can have on the general population. A good understanding of the quantitative and qualitative trends is available in the literature, for Cl engines run on biodiesel, as established knowledge. However, information of the reduced emissions and fuel consumption, using biodiesel and ethanol mixture is not extensively available in the public domain. Manufacturers of diesel generators have specific data available for use of biodiesel but the use and performance of their generators using dual fuels is not discussed. In this thesis, rigorous design and modifications for conversion of a Kubota generator to run on biodiesel-ethanol dual fuel system is proposed and built from first principles. The test rig development associated with the calculations for fuel flow rates and associated engine management systems will be integral part of this overall systematic design. As part of this investigation an innovative fuel injection system, to accommodate biodiesel and ethanol, is designed and incorporated. Data acquisition systems to measure on-line measurements of engine performance such as the Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) and emissions will be developed as part of this work. In this investigation a comprehensive range of engine operating conditions will tested using both biodiesel-ethanol dual fuel. Over the range of engine operating conditions, emissions will be measured using on-board gas analyzer for systematic injection and increase of ethanol mixture. In this work, emissions such as Hydro Carbons (HC), carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and Nox are measured. The qualitative and quantitative comparison of harmful emissions for B100 biodiesel and various ratios of ethanol mixture in the blends will be carried out. The discussions will highlight the specific benefits, if any, of injecting ethanol and biodiesel. This work is a step towards understanding the levels of decreased emissions using bio-fuels and establishing qualitative and quantitative trends of engine performance on a sound mathematical and quantitative basis.

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32

LIEN, CHIN-FENG, i 連進峯. "Testing and Analysis of Military Vehicle Engine Running on Biodiesel Fuel". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42603850815780036387.

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碩士
國防大學理工學院
車輛及運輸工程碩士班
100
This thesis deals with the military diesel engines running on different concentrations of biodiesel (B2, B10, B30, B50 and B100). The results of engine testing show that engine running on B2 fuel has the best output torque under no modifying engine setting condition. The deviations of the output torque of engine with different fuel are reduced by increasing the engine load. The emission level of NO can be reduced by increasing the proportion of biodiesel. The engine running on B2 and B100 had the similarly characteristic in output torque and the NO emission when the injection timing was adjusted. Either advancing or retarding the injection timing based on the original setting, the torque shows a declining trend. The NO emission increases significantly by advancing injection the timing. The endurance testing of the fuel pump shows that the biodiesel fuel can help to maintain pump performance. The wear of carbon brush and commutator are significantly reduced by increasing the biodiesel proportion in the blended fuel. The wear of bearing has less effect with the biodiesel proportion. The experiment showed that B10 and B50 have the best anti-wear characteristic. The compatibility testing between fuels and horses shows that the SAE R6 and R9 horses have obviously expanding phenomenon. The SAE R10 horse has the best compatibility with biodiesel fuel. The low-temperature fluidity of biodiesel fuel is a major concern problem of diesel vehicles in the cold weather environment.

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33

Lin, Ying-wei, i 林英瑋. "Control Parameter Calibration of a Common-rail Diesel Engine Fueled with Biodiesel". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57980642976030758439.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
機械工程系
101
Biodiesel is an attractive alternative energy because its characteristic of renewable, biodegradable, could be used in pure form or blended with petroleum diesel and could reduce toxic emission. But the different in composition of biodiesel and petroleum diesel greatly influenced the combustion process. If we want to use biodiesel as fuel of diesel engine, we should change the control strategy for maintaining the engine performance.The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal engine decision-making for petroleum diesel (D100) and biodiesel (B100). Parameters of the engine such as injection timing, injection duration, common-rail fuel pressure and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) are fine-tuned using the MotoTron Control System so as to optimize the engine performance based on the results from the engine dyno tests. Combustion analysis is conducted via the measurement of cylinder pressure measurement. The main goal is to find the balance between engine torque and emission to optimize the engine.

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34

Li, Rong-Ji, i 李融奇. "Fuel Properties and Engine Performance of Biodiesel Produced from Crude Fish Oil". Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20341791710116430886.

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碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
輪機工程系
95
Abstract Crude fishing oil and fishing dregs are produced from manufacturing process for fishing products. These by-products are generally used as fish freed after being dried. In this study, crude fishing oil is applied to be raw material for biodiesel production. The biodiesel which is alternative fuel for engines or boilers can reduce impact of environmental pollution from fossil fuel. The biodiesel produced from the current process was tested its fuel properties and engine performance. The experimental results show that the biodiesel of crude fishing oil appeared to have larger heating values, cetane index, carbon residue and black smoke opacity while lower flash point in comparison with those of biodiesel from soybean oil. In the aspect of engine performance, biodiesel of crude fishing oil shows to have lower fuel consumption rate and higher brake fuel conversion efficiency. However, the brake fuel conversion efficiency of the super low sulfur diesel appeared to increase and larger than that of the biodiesel when the engine speed increased. The effects of antioxidant on oxidative stability of the biodiesel where studied as well. The biodiesel added with antioxidant has larger methyl ester content while lower acid number, kinematic viscosity and carbon residue. Keyword : Biodiesel, Crude fish oil

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35

Esquivel, Jason. "Performance Characterization of a Medium-Duty Diesel Engine with Bio-Diesel and Petroleum Diesel Fuels". 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2008-12-234.

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In the wake of global warming and fossil fuel depletion, renewed attention has been paid to shifting away from the use of petroleum based fuels. The world?s energy demand is commencing its dependency on alternative fuels. Such alternative fuels in use today consist of bio-alcohols (such as ethanol), hydrogen, biomass, and natural oil/fat derived fuels. However, in this study, the focus will be on the alternative fuel derived from natural oils and fats, namely biodiesel. The following study characterizes the performance of a medium-duty diesel engine fuelled with biodiesel and conventional diesel. The objective is accomplished by taking measurements of manifold pressure and temperature, fuel flow, air flow, and torque. The study first characterizes a John Deere 4.5 liter 4 cylinder direct injection engine with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), common rail fuel injection, and variable turbo-charging with conventional petroleum diesel to set a reference for comparison. The study then proceeds to characterize the differences in engine performance as a result of using biodiesel relative to conventional diesel. The results show that torque decreases with the use of biodiesel by about 10%. The evaluation of engine performance parameters shows that torque is decreased because of the lower heating value of biodiesel compared to conventional diesel. The insignificant difference between the other performance parameters shows that the ECM demands the same performance of the engine regardless of the fuel being combusted by the engine.

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36

Lin, Yan-Hong, i 林延鴻. "Numerical Analysis of Combustion Behaviors in A Diesel Engine Fueled with Biodiesel Blends". Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69947399682354698699.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
機械工程系
103
Biodiesel made from renewable resources and waste lipid is the most promising surrogate for diesel in the future. To assess the performance of an existing diesel engine fueled with various blends of biodiesels, a CFD model based on the real dimensions of a Mitsubishi 4M42-4AT2 diesel engine equipped with a turbocharger and a common-rail oil injection system is constructed in this work. This model will be used to investigate the combustion behaviors of biodiesels and the flow field inside the combustion chamber. The In-cylinder module provided by Ansys Fluent together with the built-in turbulence model for solving fluid flow motion and various phenomenon models simulating the behaviors of oil droplets inside the combustion chamber will be used to simulate the interesting dynamics of a combustion engine. For effectiveness and convenience, the RNG k-epsilon turbulence model is adopted in this research.Discrete phase model (DPM) is used to simulate the oil injection. Species model is used to predict the combustion behaviors of injected fuels. Initial conditions and boundary conditions such as pressure and temperature at inlet and exhaust pressure at outlet will be given based upon the experimental data. We hope that the numerical simulation can provide us the data that were hard to obtain in experiment. Revealed by both experimental data and numeric computation, the ignition delays of biodiesels of various blends are nearly the same. This may be attributed to the fact that biodiesel has a greater cetane number. This leads to the earlier ignition of biodiesel than the pure diesel, the heat released will in turn result in the ignition of the surrounding oils. Thus we propose that the cetane number of biodiesels is equal to the cetane number of pure biodiesel. Since the oil is not premixed with air in diesel engines, the reaction rate of oil and oxygen is therefore controlled by the turbulence mixing effect of the eddy dissipation instead by the thermodynamic properties of oils. Under the same revolution speed and torque, we expect the flow fields will be quite similar. Consequently we can expect the reaction rates of biodiesels of various blends are almost identical, if the engine is running under the same revolution speed and torque. Our simulations also indicate that oil injection with added water may result in longer ignition delay, which in turn results in the lower pressure and lower temperature in the cylinder. On the contrary, biodiesel tends to shorten the ignition delay of the mixed oils. This seems to open up a door of controlling the ignition delay of biodiesel of various blends by adding some extra amount of water during oil injection.

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37

Lee, Yu-Tian, i 李昱廷. "Fuel properties and engine performance of biodiesel produced from high-gravity packed bed". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71306679544799933972.

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Lai, Jui-Ming, i 賴瑞明. "The Study of effecting Biodiesel Mixed Fuel on Fuel Injection Pressure in a DI Diesel Engine（I）". Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26486226363855771715.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
車輛工程系碩士班
92
In order to extend the using life of the Premium diesel and reducing the exhaust pollution of the Diesel Engine, this study added bio-diesel into kerosene as the mixed fuel to replace the Premium diesel. Although it had more fuel consumption, about 0.1% than Premium diesel, it could decrease the concentration of Smoke and NOx to 19% and 8%. If we lower the pressure of the fuel injection, it could decrease the fuel consumption and reduce Smoke concentration to original fuel injection pressure about 0.5% and 11%, but it could increase the NOx and HC exhaust density about 8% and 67%. And if we higher the pressure of the diesel injection, it could increase the fuel consumption, Smoke concentration and HC concentration to original fuel injection pressure about 1%, 12% and 23%,but it could decrease the NOx concentration about 4%. By using mixed fuel, adding bio-diesel into kerosene, it was quite inappropriate to higher or lower the pressure of the fuel injection.

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39

(9780926), Muhammad Bhuiya. "An experimental study of 2nd generation biodiesel as an alternative fuel for diesel engine". Thesis, 2017. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/An_experimental_study_of_2nd_generation_biodiesel_as_an_alternative_fuel_for_diesel_engine/13449476.

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This study investigated the prospects of using 2nd generation biodiesel as an alternative fuel particularly the biodiesel produced from the Australian Beauty Leaf (BL) (Calophyllum inophyllum L.). Firstly, the study developed an optimised oil extraction method from BL kernel based on the kernel size and treatment conditions (for example, seed preparation and cracking, drying, whole kernel, grated kernel and moisture content). Mechanical method of using a screw press expeller and chemical method of using n-hexane were used for oil extraction. The results indicated that the grated kernels that were dried to 14.4% moisture content produced the highest oil yield from both methods. The highest oil recovery of 54% was obtained in n-hexane method from the grated kernel followed by 45% in screw press method. A comparison of fossil energy ratio (FER) (the ratio of energy produced from the biodiesel to the energy required for processing of the feedstocks) was made between n-hexane and screw press methods and the results revealed that the FER in-hexane method was 4.1 compared to 3.7 in screw press method, indicating that the n-hexane method is more efficient than the screw press technique. It should also be noted that the oil content of BL kernel was about 60% on dry weight basis.

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40

Hsiao, Hsing-Chang, i 蕭興前. "The Study of Effecting Biodiesel Mixed Fuel on Inject Pressure in a DI Diesel Engine (Ⅱ) ─ Biodiesel＋Kerosene+Premium Diesel ─". Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52155386523326645520.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
車輛工程系碩士班
92
In order to extend the using life of the Premium diesel and reducing the exhaust pollution of the Diesel Engine, this study added bio-diesel into kerosene and Premium diesel as the mixed fuel to replace the Premium diesel. Although it had more fuel consumption, about 1.1% than Premium diesel, it could decrease the concentration of Smoke and NOx to 12.3% and 2.6%. If we lower the pressure of the fuel injection, it could decrease the fuel consumption ,Smoke and HC concentration to original fuel injection pressure about 1.3%,15.2% and 12.7%, but it could increase the NOx exhaust density about 7.5%. And if we higher the pressure of the diesel injection, it could increase the fuel consumption, Smoke concentration and HC concentration to original fuel injection pressure about 1%, 17.6% and 5.5%,but it could decrease the NOx concentration about 4%. By using mixed fuel, adding bio-diesel into kerosene and Premium diesel, it was quite appropriate to higher or lower the pressure of the fuel injection.

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41

Chen, Yu-Lin, i 陳玉麟. "A Study on Engine Performance,Exhaust Gas Emission and Combustion Characteristics of Biodiesel Fuel with Hydrogen in a DI Diesel Engine". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85unf3.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
車輛工程系所
98
WOME and WOME+H2 are the blended fuels operated in this study without any modifying the body structure and design parameters of the single-cylinder direct injection diesel engine. Extra air mass, H2, was injected into intake manifold by 2 ℓ/min stably for blending with WOME before burning on. And the differences of energy efficiency, exhaust gas emissions, exhaust temperature as well as combustion characteristics were analyzed to evaluate the performance which is H2 blended with WOME. The experimental results demonstrated that the energy efficiency of WOME+H2 in total average value is higher than WOME about 3.89% at three specified engine loads and speeds. Moreover, ignition delay period and premixed combustion phase of WOME+H2 are more advanced, so the concentrations of smoke and HC in total average value are lower than WOME about 13.57% and 9.16%, respectively. Besides, due to more advanced at initial premixed combustion phase, NOx concentration in total average value is higher than WOME about 8.54%. Although WOME+H2 in late combustion phase is low burning temperature, H2 has characteristic of high heat value. Thus its EGT value is higher than WOME about 1.65%.

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42

TSOU, WEN-JIE, i 鄒文偕. "Numerical Analysis of Combustion Behaviors and NOX Emission in a Diesel Engine Fueled with Biodiesel Blends". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94632930494361244204.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
機械工程系
104
Since the thermophysical properties of biodiesel blends are close to that of No 2 diesel oil, they can be used and combusted in existing diesel engines without any modification directly. In addition, biodiesel blends help improve the lubrication between engine parts due to their higher viscosity. Currently, B2 and B5 biodiesel blends are used in vehicles for civic transportation in many countries. Biodiesel blends can be converted from vegetable oils such as soybean oil and waste oil. Therefore, they are good for environment protection. Furthermore biodiesel blends have higher cetane rating compared to diesel fuels, they are more ready-to-burn and they exhibit better combustion quality. On the other hand, they have the disadvantages of producing higher harmful NOx emission due to the oxygen content in biodiesel blends. The major purpose of the current study is to investigate the combustion behaviors of various biodiesel blends in diesel engines and their effects on the engine performance and emission. Hopefully, the results of this study can provide some contribution to the development of next generation of biodiesel engines in the near future. In this study, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for a real engine is constructed to investigate various physical phenomena, flow fields, cylinder pressure fields, heat release rates, and NOx emission inside a diesel engine combusting biodiesel blends. The flow field is obtained by solving the Navier-Stokes equations and various empirical models are used to model the behaviors of fuel injection, atomization and evaporation due to the extreme complexities in numerical calculation. To justify the validity of our numerical model, the results of the steady state cold flow numerical simulation were compared to the experimental data first. Then the model will be used to predict the combustion behaviors such as in-cylinder pressure, temperature, and heat release rate inside the diesel engine burning various biodiesel blends. These data will be checked against the in-cylinder pressure obtained from experiment for verification. In the end, we will use this model to investigate the relationship between the NOx emission and the the temperature field inside the cylinder. Decent and promising correlation is obtained by comparing the numerical prediction to the NOx emission data obtained from experiment.

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43

Chang, Chia-Yi, i 張嘉益. "Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Cytotoxicity Analysis of Diesel Engine Exhaust Particles Using Biodiesels as Fuels". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60495129519018411088.

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碩士
國立成功大學
環境工程學系碩博士班
97
This study was aimed to investigate the characteristics of chemical toxicity and biotoxicity associated with diesel exhaust particles from biodiesels. A diesel engine connected to a dynamometer was used to generate diesel exhaust particles (DEP), which contained combustion products such as PAHs. The engine was tested using diesel fuel and biodiesel blends (1 and 10% of biodiesel by volume). The characteristics of the weight of the particulate emissions, particulate size distribution and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentrations were investigated. Finally, the normal human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) were used for cell survival and toxicity tests to expound the correlation between the diesel particle size and its biological toxicity, and to further assess the impact of using biodiesel on the environment. A micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor (MOUDI) was used to carry out the engine emissions of particulate sub-bands. The results of particulate emissions show that, raising the engine speed and the load would result in a decrease of the concentration of particulate emission. Also, using diesel resulted in the lowest particle concentration, followed by fuel B1, while fuel B10 produced the highest concentration of particulate emissions. Analysis of PAHs indicates that the major species are three- to five-ringed PAHs. In terms of PAH concentrations vs. particle size, it is found that the fine sized (3.2 ~ 0.32 μm) and ultrafine sized (0.32 ~ 0.056 μm) particles contribute to a higher emission of PAHs. The addition of biomass may lower the concentrations of PAHs in the fine sized particles, while it increases those in ultrafine particles, implying that the addition of biodiesel will definitely affect the exhaust emissions from an engine. Cell survival results show that at the tested engine speed, the order of the particle cytotoxicity are B1> B10> D, meanwhile, in terms of BaPeq the relative toxicity are also B1> B10> D. This coincidence implies that the cytotoxicity of particulate PAHs is well correlated to the toxicity equivalency quantity (TEQ). The cell viability results also showed that the particle size is not related to the cytotoxicity. Genotoxicity results show that under various engine speeds, the genotoxicity of particles is D> B1> B10, and the toxicity level for B10 is very close to the control group (DMSO), implying that B10 is not genotoxic, but the use of commercial diesel and biodiesel in the engine will generate particulates which may cause DNA damage. It was also found that there is no clear relationship between particle size and genotoxicity. To sum up the conclusion, the toxicity of the exhaust depends on the difference of the fuel, not on the particle size in the exhaust particle. B10 products a higher concentration of emissions than the other fuels, and may cause engine wear. B10 has the lowest toxicity equivalency quantity (BaPeq) among all the tested fuels; it also generated particles with the lowest cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. In other words, adding a low ratio (such as 10%) of palm biodiesel will reduce the biological toxicity of particles in the exhaust.

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44

Luo, Jhong-Siou, i 羅仲修. "The Study of Azeotropic Effect to Improve Diesel Engine Performance with Ethanol-Butanol Blended Biodiesel Fuel". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ch643m.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
車輛工程系所
102
With the emerging of issues concerning depletion of fossil fuels, the greenhouse effect, and global rising temperatures, nations all over the world had started to emphasize saving energy and reducing carbon dioxide and thus developing renewable resources had been hot topics for research. Renewable resources such as biodiesel and bioethanol could help slow down the depletion of fossil fuels, reduce exhaust emission from internal combustion engines, and cut down on carbon dioxide emission. Therefore, it had been a trend to use renewable fuels or to mix gasoline with renewable fuels. In some recent researches, researchers added alcohol fuels to diesel to improve the performance of diesel engines and exhaust emission because of the higher oxygen content in alcohol fuels. It was also argued that mixing two different alcohol fuels with different boiling points could lead to azeotropic effect to improve the performance of diesel engines and exhaust emission. In the study, the impacts of azeotropic effect on the performance of diesel engines and exhaust emission were discussed in two situations. First, only ethanol or butanol was mixed with diesel. Second, the ethanol-butanol blended fuel was added to diesel. The findings of the study proved that the ethanol-butanol blended fuel could cause better azeotropic effect compared with only ethanol or only butanol blended fuels. The consumption of fuel was improved by five to ten percent, the concentration of HC emission was ameliorated by three to eight percent, and the maximum torque of engine was elevated by one percent. However, the concentration of smoke emission and of NOX emission were between those of ethanol blended fuel and butanol blended fuel. Besides, ethanol blended fuel with a higher oxygen content also showed batter concentration of smoke emission and batter concentration of NOX emission than those of butanol blended fuel. Butanol blended fuel with a higher calorific value manifested a better fuel consumption and concentration of HC emission than those of ethanol blended fuel.

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45

Wu, Min-Shiu, i 吳明修. "A study on the fuel properties and engine performance of biodiesel refined from used cooking oil". Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49404209407779663619.

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碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
輪機工程系
92
Abstract Air pollutants which are produced from burning fossil fuel in diesel engines would result in damage to environment. Diesel engines have been considered as one of major pollution sources in metropolitan regions. Biodiesel is a clean alternative fuel for fossil diesel. The burning of biodiesel generally produces lower concentrations of CO, HC, and PM, and almost zeros SO2 emission which would reduce corrosion rate of metallic parts of a power plant. Biodiesel can not only be used as fuel but also as lubricant for moving parts. The higher flash point of biodiesel would also promote safety of its usage, storage and transportation. Hence, the study of biodisel is one of emphases for the development of alternative clean fuel. The use of recycled used cooking oil to refine biodiesel may reduce the cost of biodiesel production. An ultrasonic vibration method can be used instead of a method of heating and stirring for enhancing a transesterification reaction. The transesterification reaction time may therefore be shortened. The cavitation phenomenon which occurs during ultrasonic vibration is able to curtail the thickness of liquid film of the reactant mixture. The mixture between methanol and triglyceride can then be accelerated, which will prevent the loss of biodiesel from being mixing with the soap during long reaction time. Moreover, the use of transesterification reaction accompanied with ultrasonic vibration may reduce the required amount of catalyst, proceed at a room temperature, and omit the installation of a heater. The higher the vibration frequency of an ultrasonic vibrator is, the larger biodiesel yield would be obtained. This study applied ultrasonic vibration method to proceed transesterification reaction for biodiesel production. At the first stage of the experiment, the sample No.1 biodiesel was refined from the used cooking oil by employing the method of transesterification reaction together with ultrasonic vibration. A peroxidation process was further employed to refine the sample No.1 biodiesel to produce the sample No.2 biodiesel in order to improve the fuel properties and oxygen content. The experimental results show that the acid value of the sample No. 2 biodiesel was slightly larger than the sample No. 1 biodiesel while the oxygen content and cetane index increased considerably. Higher oxygen of biodiesel can facilitate combustion reaction. The burning of the sample No.2 biodiesel in the diesel engine was also observed to form lower NOx, CO and CO2 concentrations in the exhaust gas. Larger cetane index of the sample No. 2 biodiesel than the commercialized biodiesel and diesel caused decrease of ignition delay and thus improvement of the combustion efficiency. At the second stage of the experiment, the sample No. 3 biodiesel was further refined from the sample No. 2 biodiesel. The n-hexadecane which is a cetane improver was added in the refining process for biodiesel production. The n-hexadecane agent and methanol was mixed prior to the transesterification reaction. The sample No. 3 biodiesel was found to produce lower CO, CO2 and smoke opacity than the diesel. In addition, the NOx emission from burning the sample No. 3 biodiesel was lower than from burning the sample No. 2 biodiesel by about 8% at the engine torque of 15 kgf-m.

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46

McGuire, Thomas P. Yeboah Yaw D. Boehman André L. "Combustion of diesel fuel blended with partially oxidized biodiesel in a direct injection compression ignition engine". 2009. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/PSUonlyIndex/ETD-3948/index.html.

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47

Cheng-HanHung i 洪誠漢. "Study on combustion characteristic of liquefied petroleum gas / biodiesel dual fuel engine with exhaust gas recirculation". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66754297118349730774.

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48

JIANG, BING RUI, i 蔣秉叡. "The Study of Adding Nano Al2O3 into Different High-Density Emulsified Biodiesel Fuel for Diesel Engine". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/vqvk8t.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
車輛工程系
106
In recent years, countries have also stepped up efforts to develop smart vehicles. To provide more efficient services and respond to green energy policy. Many experts and scholars have added emulsified fuel to diesel engines for testing. Water droplets in emulsified fuels are prevented from directly contacting the engine by mingling emulsifiers and causing internal rusting. However, although it can improve the combustion efficiency and reduce the emission of NOx, it also reduces the calorific value due to the presence of moisture, resulting in more fuel consumption. Therefore, adding metal nanofluids can improve its combustion characteristics.The results show that the average BSFC of the DW3A150 nano-blend fuel is different from that of the DW5A150 and DW8A150. rates were lower by about 2.19% and 3.82%, respectively, while the average BMEP 1.46% and less than 0.91%.

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49

Siwale, Lennox Zumbe. "Effect of oxygenated additives in conventional fuels for reciprocating internal combustion engines on performance, combustion and emission characteristics". 2012. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001029.

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D. Tech. Mechanical Engineering.
Discusses how to reduce the negative impacts of petroleum oil based fuels in reciprocating engines on the environment through the use of oxygenated (alcohol) blends, while not deteriorating engine performance. The specific objectives are as follows: To evaluate the performance characteristics of n-butanol-diesel blends: B5, B10 and B20, in a direct-injection turbo-charged diesel engine and to compare findings with a study that was carried out by others (Sayin, 2010). To compare the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of dual alcohol-gasoline with single alcohol-gasoline blends fired in a naturally-aspirated (NA) spark ignition (SI) engine. To compare the combustion and emission characteristics of dual alcohol (methanol-n-butanol-gasoline) blends with single alcohol (methanol-gasoline) blends in a single-cylinder SI engine. To evaluate the combustion and regulated emission characteristics of DF and n-butanol/diesel blends (B5, B10, and B20 where B5 represents 5 % shared volume of n-butanol to 95 % diesel fuel) fired in a high load turbo-charged diesel engine and to compare the findings with a study that was conducted by Raslavicius & Bazaras, (2010).

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50

Fan, Chiao-Lei, i 范巧蕾. "An investigation on fuel properties and characteristics of engine performance of biodiesel produced by supercritical fluid technique". Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59503231894559993718.

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碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
輪機工程系
95
摘要(英) Biodiesel which is produced from vegetable oil, animal fat or used cooking oil has been considered as clean fuel or fuel additive. Raw oil, alcohol and catalyst are generally reacted under subcritical pressure to produce biodiesel. In this study, supercritical methanol technique is applied to produce boidiesel by using used cooking oil and Camellia oleifera Abel oil as raw material in order to curtail transesterification time and production cost. The biodiesel is thereafter analyzed its fuel properties and engine performance for further improvement of process. The experimental results show that the effects of contents of water and free fatty acids in raw oil are insignificant on transesterification reaction and therefore this technique can be applicable to most of raw oils. In addition, no catalyst is required in this process and thus the costs of catalyst additive and removal are reduced. In comparison with those properties of the commercial biodiesel, the biodiesel of used cooking oil has higher heating value, flash point, specific gravity and water content while lower kinematic viscosity, carbon residue and cetane index. The biodiesel of Camellia oleifera Abel oil has higher flash point and specific gravity while lower heating value, kinematic viscosity, water content, carbon residue and cetane index than those of the commercial biodiesel. In the aspect of engine characteristics, the biodiesel of used cooking oil appeared to have lower fuel consumption rate, bsfc, excess air and O2 emission while higher brake fuel conversion rate, equivalence ratio, CO, CO2 and NOx emissions than the properties of the commercial biodiesel. The biodiesel of Camellia oleifera Abel oil, in comparison with those of the commercial biodiesel has larger fuel consumption rate, bsfc, equivalence ratio, CO, CO2 and NOx emissions, while lower brake fuel conversion rate, excess air, exhaust gas temperature and O2 emission.

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