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Hakim, Ahmad Luqman, Yadi Janwari, Dedah Jubaedah i Anton Athoillah. "The Concept of Price Mechanism in The Halal Industry Refers to The Thought of The Price Concept of Yahya Bin Umar and Ibnu Taimiyah". Likuid Jurnal Ekonomi Industri Halal 3, nr 2 (31.07.2023): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/likuid.v3i2.28133.
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The price mechanism in the halal industry has an important role in determining the value and price of halal products. The concept of pricing mechanism in Islam has been initiated by the thinkers Yahya bin Umar and Ibn Taymiyyah. The purpose of this study is to find out how the relationship between the pricing mechanisms of the two Islamic thinkers in the halal industry. Descriptive analytical with qualitative research methods and a historical approach are used in this research. As a result, Yahya bin Umar and Ibn Taymiyyah's approaches to the pricing mechanism provide different perspectives but are in line with the context of healthy and fair pricing. Yahya bin Umar views that prices are determined by the ideal market mechanism, while Ibn Taymiyyah emphasizes the importance of healthy competition and wise government intervention. The price mechanism in the halal industry should reflect the intrinsic value of the product, ensure fairness in transactions, and support the sustainability of the industry. The government can use the price mechanism to set a minimum price or ensure halal products meet certain standards. Fair and competitive pricing will enable wider access to halal products and maintain consumer confidence over a longer period.
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Dheer, Simi, Geetanjali Das, R. K. Shivpuri i S. K. Soni. "Factorial Correlators and Split-Bin Correlation Functions in p-Nucleus Interactions at 800 GeV". Modern Physics Letters A 12, nr 01 (10.01.1997): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732397000030.
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We present the first results on correlations in multiparticle production in p-nucleus interactions at 800 GeV using scaled factorial correlators and split-bin correlation functions. The behaviors of factorial correlators as a function of bin-bin distance in pseudorapidity as well as bin width is consistent with the random cascading picture of hadronization. From the analysis of the split-bin correlation functions as a function of bin-width, it is found that the two-particle dynamical correlations are due to resonance-like production mechanism.
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Hidaka, Jusuke, Junya Kano i Atsuko Shimosaka. "Flow Mechanism of Granular Materials Discharging from Bin-Hopper System." KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU 20, nr 3 (1994): 397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/kakoronbunshu.20.397.
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Xu, Wan Hong, Cheng Shuang Zhang i Shou Yan Wang. "Design and Simulating Analysis of Compressed Garbage Transport Truck Lifting Mechanism Based on ADAMS". Applied Mechanics and Materials 215-216 (listopad 2012): 1224–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.215-216.1224.
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The different lifting mechanisms of compressed garbage transport trunks are analyzed and compared, and the impact of characters and parameters on the functions of the machines is also analyzed. Finally, a kind of lifting mechanism on the basis of the principle of double docking bars is put forward. Creating 3D models of lifting mechanism based on the Pro/E, and using ADAMS to simulating analysis about motion process of mechanism, then the dynamic curve about acceleration of waste bin, press of hydraulic cylinder and other parameters can be gotten, which is valided of optimality of the mechanism and provided reference for a more comprehensive analysis and optimization of similar institutions later.
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Hidaka, Jusuke, Junya Kano i Atsuko Shimosaka. "Flow Mechanism of Granular Materials Discharging from Bin-Hopper System [Translated]†". KONA Powder and Particle Journal 13 (1995): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14356/kona.1995025.
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Kanwal, Simab, Shalini Abeysinghe, Monrudee Srisaisup i Panadda Boonserm. "Cytotoxic Effects and Intracellular Localization of Bin Toxin from Lysinibacillus sphaericus in Human Liver Cancer Cell Line". Toxins 13, nr 4 (19.04.2021): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13040288.
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Binary toxin (Bin toxin), BinA and BinB, produced by Lysinibacillus sphaericus has been used as a mosquito-control agent due to its high toxicity against the mosquito larvae. The crystal structures of Bin toxin and non-insecticidal but cytotoxic parasporin-2 toxin share some common structural features with those of the aerolysin-like toxin family, thus suggesting a common mechanism of pore formation of these toxins. Here we explored the possible cytotoxicity of Bin proteins (BinA, BinB and BinA + BinB) against Hs68 and HepG2 cell lines. The cytotoxicity of Bin proteins was evaluated using the trypan blue exclusion assay, MTT assay, morphological analysis and LDH efflux assay. The intracellular localization of Bin toxin in HepG2 cells was assessed by confocal laser scanning microscope. HepG2 cells treated with BinA and BinB (50 µg/mL) showed modified cell morphological features and reduced cell viability. Bin toxin showed no toxicity against Hs68 cells. The EC50 values against HepG2 at 24 h were 24 ng/mL for PS2 and 46.56 and 39.72 µg/mL for BinA and BinB, respectively. The induction of apoptosis in treated HepG2 cells was confirmed by upregulation of caspase levels. The results indicated that BinB mediates the translocation of BinA in HepG2 cells and subsequently associates with mitochondria. The study supports the possible development of Bin toxin as either an anticancer agent or a selective delivery vehicle of anticancer agents to target mitochondria of human cancer cells in the future.
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Liang, Xinle, Shengchao Zhou, Huaping Chen i Rui Xu. "Pseudo transformation mechanism between resource allocation and bin-packing in batching environments". Future Generation Computer Systems 95 (czerwiec 2019): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2019.01.006.
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Haris, Munawir. "Situasi Politik Pemerintahan Dinasti Umayyah dan Abbasiyah". TASAMUH: Jurnal Studi Islam 10, nr 2 (3.09.2018): 391–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.47945/tasamuh.v10i2.79.
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At the end of the Rasyidin Caliphate there was division within Muslims. Politically there are two dominant groups: Hasan bin Ali and Mu’awiyah bin Abi Sufyan. Politically there are two dominant groups, Hasan bin Ali and Mu’awiyah bin Abi Sufyan. After the negotiations, for the sake of unity of Muslims, it was agreed that Hasan acknowledged Mu’awiyah as the Caliph of the Muslim marked the emergence of the Umayyad Dynasty. The moment was called 'am jama'ah (unity year) in 661. The Abbasid Dynasty was the descendant of Prophet Muhammad's uncle, al-Abbas, who supported Ali bin Abi Talib and his descendants (including Hasan bin Ali). This paper aims to discuss some of the political situation that developed when the Umayyads (661-750) and the Abbasids (750- 1258). In Mu’awiyah bin Abi Sufyan's time there was a change of the political system from the khulafaur Rashidin into a system of al-Mulk (heredity monarchy) characterized by the appointment of his son, Yazin bin Mu'awiyah. This system adopted from the Persian and Byzantine kingdoms. However, maintaining the term caliph of Islam. Mu'awiyah also used Diwan and Sheikh to run the government, with the mechanism of Shura for consultative functions. After 150 years the Umayyads, the power was changed over by Abu al-Abbas Abdullah and marked the rising of the Abbasid in 750. In the Abbasid period the political and religious issues can’t be separated, which earlier in the Umayyad period were separated. The propaganda that the caliph is the representative of the people in carrying out God's command is valid until the Judgment Day. More explicitly, the term al-Imam (which also means the leader of prayer) is the leader in political affairs. In addition, the implementation of Islamic Shari'a is also more highlighted in governing the government and legitimating the power of the caliph. In general, the political style of the Abbasids is more Persian than the more Arab Umayyads
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Haris, Munawir. "SITUASI POLITIK PEMERINTAHAN DINASTI UMAYYAH DAN ABBASIYAH". Tasamuh: Jurnal Studi Islam 10, nr 2 (7.11.2018): 391–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.32489/tasamuh.43.
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At the end of the Rasyidin Caliphate there was division within Muslims. Politically there are two dominant groups: Hasan bin Ali and Mu’awiyah bin Abi Sufyan. Politically there are two dominant groups, Hasan bin Ali and Mu’awiyah bin Abi Sufyan. After the negotiations, for the sake of unity of Muslims, it was agreed that Hasan acknowledged Mu’awiyah as the Caliph of the Muslim marked the emergence of the Umayyad Dynasty. The moment was called 'am jama'ah (unity year) in 661. The Abbasid Dynasty was the descendant of Prophet Muhammad's uncle, al-Abbas, who supported Ali bin Abi Talib and his descendants (including Hasan bin Ali). This paper aims to discuss some of the political situation that developed when the Umayyads (661-750) and the Abbasids (750- 1258). In Mu’awiyah bin Abi Sufyan's time there was a change of the political system from the khulafaur Rashidin into a system of al-Mulk (heredity monarchy) characterized by the appointment of his son, Yazin bin Mu'awiyah. This system adopted from the Persian and Byzantine kingdoms. However, maintaining the term caliph of Islam. Mu'awiyah also used Diwan and Sheikh to run the government, with the mechanism of Shura for consultative functions. After 150 years the Umayyads, the power was changed over by Abu al-Abbas Abdullah and marked the rising of the Abbasid in 750. In the Abbasid period the political and religious issues can’t be separated, which earlier in the Umayyad period were separated. The propaganda that the caliph is the representative of the people in carrying out God's command is valid until the Judgment Day. More explicitly, the term al-Imam (which also means the leader of prayer) is the leader in political affairs. In addition, the implementation of Islamic Shari'a is also more highlighted in governing the government and legitimating the power of the caliph. In general, the political style of the Abbasids is more Persian than the more Arab Umayyads.
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Suparno, Suparno, i Ahmad Mukhlishin. "Konsep Pemikiran Ekonomi Dan Kebijakan Pasar Dalam Perspektif Yahya Bin Umar Dan Relevansinya Pada Sistem Ekonomi Modern". ASAS 15, nr 01 (6.07.2023): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/asas.v15i01.15945.
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This paper will explain the contribution of Yahya bin Umar's economic thinking regarding the role of the state in the economy in the market. Yahya bin Umar had contributed his thoughts in the 9th century AD. According to him, the role of the state in regulating the market and prices of goods was not very dominant, because the state intervened if in the mechanism of price of goods in the market experienced monopolistic practices such as ihtikar, cartels and hoarding of goods. So, the role of the state is indispensable for controlling prices and goods for the benefit and welfare of society. Keywords: thinking, market,,Ihtikar (hoarding of goods) Tasy'ir (pricing)
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Pardo, Lianet Hernández, Hugh Morrison, Luiz A. T. Machado, Jerry Y. Harrington i Zachary J. Lebo. "Drop Size Distribution Broadening Mechanisms in a Bin Microphysics Eulerian Model". Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 77, nr 9 (1.09.2020): 3249–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-20-0099.1.
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Abstract In this study, processes that broaden drop size distributions (DSDs) in Eulerian models with two-moment bin microphysics are analyzed. Numerous tests are performed to isolate the effects of different physical mechanisms that broaden DSDs in two- and three-dimensional Weather Research and Forecasting Model simulations of an idealized ice-free cumulus cloud. Sensitivity of these effects to modifying horizontal and vertical model grid spacings is also examined. As expected, collision–coalescence is a key process broadening the modeled DSDs. In-cloud droplet activation also contributes substantially to DSD broadening, whereas evaporation has only a minor effect and sedimentation has little effect. Cloud dilution (mixing of cloud-free and cloudy air) also broadens the DSDs considerably, whether or not it is accompanied by evaporation. This mechanism involves the reduction of droplet concentration from dilution along the cloud’s lateral edges, leading to locally high supersaturation and enhanced drop growth when this air is subsequently lifted in the updraft. DSD broadening ensues when the DSDs are mixed with those from the cloud core. Decreasing the horizontal and vertical model grid spacings from 100 to 30 m has limited impact on the DSDs. However, when these physical broadening mechanisms (in-cloud activation, collision–coalescence, dilution, etc.) are turned off, there is a reduction of DSD width by up to ~20%–50% when the vertical grid spacing is decreased from 100 to 30 m, consistent with effects of artificial broadening from vertical numerical diffusion. Nonetheless, this artificial numerical broadening appears to be relatively unimportant overall for DSD broadening when physically based broadening mechanisms in the model are included for this cumulus case.
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Kramadzhyan, A. A., E. P. Rusin, S. B. Stazhevsky i G. N. Khan. "Mechanism for generation of peak load on under-bin feeders at processing plants". Journal of Mining Science 51, nr 6 (listopad 2015): 1077–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1062739115060320.
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Xiang, Wanli, Xuelei Meng i Meiqing An. "An Alternate Iterative Differential Evolution Algorithm for Parameter Identification of Chaotic Systems". Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/740721.
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Parameter estimation of chaotic systems plays a key role for control and synchronization of chaotic systems. At first, the parameter estimation of chaotic systems is mathematically formulated as a global continuous optimization problem. Then through integrating two differential mutation strategies, an improved greedy selection mechanism and a population diversity balance scheme, an alternate iterative differential algorithm, called AIDE, is presented to solve the problem in this paper. Subsequently, experiments are tested on a set of cases of parameter estimation of chaotic systems and the results show that AIDE is better than or at least equal to DE/rand/1/bin, DE/best/1/bin, and other four well-known algorithms in all cases.
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Zhao, Lei, Hua Zhang, Jie Yin i Hua Chen. "Design and Application of Versatile Automatic Bin with Valve Splint Slide Way". MATEC Web of Conferences 228 (2018): 03010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822803010.
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A versatile modular automatic bin is designed for the valve processing and manufacturing industry, which can realize the functions of orderly storage, single separation, on-demand feeding and so on. It can also be combined with different types of manipulator to form an automatic loading and unloading workstation for each step of the valve fabrication to replace manual production. Targeting the real applications and conditions, in this work, the design requirements of silos are analyzed and the overall structure is designed. Experiments on the key component of the slide way are also carried out. Based on the data, the optimal inclination angle is determined. Besides, the material mechanism, the feeding mechanism and the pneumatic system are introduced in detail. Finally, the case study on the valve production enterprise is provided.
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Yan, Shuxiang, Jianjie He, Mi Tang, Bangfa Ming, Huaixin Li, Shipeng Fan, Yiyi Xiong i in. "Dissecting the Meiotic Recombination Patterns in a Brassica napus Double Haploid Population Using 60K SNP Array". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, nr 5 (24.02.2023): 4469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054469.
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Meiotic recombination not only maintains the stability of the chromosome structure but also creates genetic variations for adapting to changeable environments. A better understanding of the mechanism of crossover (CO) patterns at the population level is useful for crop improvement. However, there are limited cost-effective and universal methods to detect the recombination frequency at the population level in Brassica napus. Here, the Brassica 60K Illumina Infinium SNP array (Brassica 60K array) was used to systematically study the recombination landscape in a double haploid (DH) population of B. napus. It was found that COs were unevenly distributed across the whole genome, and a higher frequency of COs existed at the distal ends of each chromosome. A considerable number of genes (more than 30%) in the CO hot regions were associated with plant defense and regulation. In most tissues, the average gene expression level in the hot regions (CO frequency of greater than 2 cM/Mb) was significantly higher than that in the regions with a CO frequency of less than 1 cM/Mb. In addition, a bin map was constructed with 1995 recombination bins. For seed oil content, Bin 1131 to 1134, Bin 1308 to 1311, Bin 1864 to 1869, and Bin 2184 to 2230 were identified on chromosomes A08, A09, C03, and C06, respectively, which could explain 8.5%, 17.3%, 8.6%, and 3.9% of the phenotypic variation. These results could not only deepen our understanding of meiotic recombination in B. napus at the population level, and provide useful information for rapeseed breeding in the future, but also provided a reference for studying CO frequency in other species.
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Santos, Daryl Joe D., Tomotsugu Goto, Seong Jin Kim, Ting-Wen Wang, Simon C.-C. Ho, Tetsuya Hashimoto, Ting-Chi Huang i in. "Environmental effects on AGN activity via extinction-free mid-infrared census". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 507, nr 2 (16.08.2021): 3070–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2352.
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ABSTRACT How does the environment affect active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity? We investigated this question in an extinction-free way by selecting 1120 infrared (IR) galaxies in the AKARI North Ecliptic Pole Wide field at redshift z ≤ 1.2. A unique feature of the AKARI satellite is its continuous nine-band IR filter coverage, providing us with an unprecedentedly large sample of IR spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of galaxies. By taking advantage of this, for the first time, we explored the AGN activity derived from SED modelling as a function of redshift, luminosity, and environment. We quantified AGN activity in two ways: AGN contribution fraction (ratio of AGN luminosity to the total IR luminosity), and AGN number fraction (ratio of number of AGNs to the total galaxy sample). We found that galaxy environment (normalized local density) does not greatly affect either definitions of AGN activity of our IRG/LIRG samples (log LTIR ≤ 12). However, we found a different behaviour for ULIRGs (log LTIR > 12). At our highest redshift bin (0.7 ≲ z ≲ 1.2), AGN activity increases with denser environments, but at the intermediate redshift bin (0.3 ≲ z ≲ 0.7), the opposite is observed. These results may hint at a different physical mechanism for ULIRGs. The trends are not statistically significant (p ≥ 0.060 at the intermediate redshift bin, and p ≥ 0.139 at the highest redshift bin). Possible different behaviour of ULIRGs is a key direction to explore further with future space missions (e.g. JWST, Euclid, SPHEREx).
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Meng, Chao-ying, i Ya-dong Sheng. "Design of Small Lawn Garbage Sweeper". MATEC Web of Conferences 256 (2019): 02017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925602017.
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In view of the fact that the leaves and white garbage in the lawns are difficult to clean, this paper designed a small lawn garbage sweeper. The motor drives the cleaning roller and the traveling mechanism to realize the automatic cleaning and recycling of garbage. The author designed a filter compartment and a compacting mechanism in the recycling bin to complete the preliminary screening of the garbage. Finally, the static analysis of the rear axle was carried out by ANSYS software, showing that the axle can meet its stiffness requirements.
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Bakar, Muhammad Azlan, Yusnaidi Md Yusof, Suriani Mohd Sam, Azizul Azizan, Noor Azurati Ahmad, Hafiza Abas i Noraimi Shafie. "Garbage Segregation and Monitoring Using Low-Cost IoT System for Smart Waste Management". Open International Journal of Informatics 11, nr 1 (27.06.2023): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/oiji2023.11n1.249.
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Waste management is one of the serious issues in maintaining the longevity of life. Managing waste in garbage bins not only requires a systematic garbage segregation policy but also a prevention and control mechanism for human behaviour. With the aid of the low-cost-budget Internet of Things (IoT) approach, managing garbage bins for municipal and town councils become practical, effective, and easy to be enforced. This study proposed a proof-of-concept prototype of a low-cost IoT approach using Raspberry Pi and cheap sensor modules to segregate waste into garbage bins with local alarming and remote notification systems. The systems are capable of detecting metal and non-metal waste so that segregation can be applied, and measuring waste levels in the garbage bin to prevent waste overflow. On top of that, the systems are also able to warn with loudness sound of a mistype waste scanned at the bin lid and send prompt notifications to the remote observer for further actions. The study results from a number of performance testing demonstrated the developed systems can accurately measure waste levels either to be empty, half-filled, or 80% filled when the ultrasonic ranging module sensor is placed 105° inside the bin. This is the best positioning we recommended when working with a bin of size 15 cm in height and 10 cm in width. Finally, we observed that the finest detection results were achieved when the movement of objects are scanned less than 2 cm, but not more than 4 cm away.
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Hickey, Tyler Bruce Malcolm, Jennifer Dmetrichuk, Jason Morin i Matthew Orde. "Deaths Associated With Community Donation Bins: A Ten-Year Retrospective Review Describing Five Cases in British Columbia and Ontario". Academic Forensic Pathology 10, nr 1 (marzec 2020): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1925362120944738.
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Introduction: Community donation bins have become more common in the urban setting over the past several years. Many nonprofit organizations use these sturdy metal enclosures for unobserved collection of various donated items such as clothing, books, and household items. Although the donated items are often of low individual value, donation bins may become a target of individuals in low socioeconomic situations seeking desired items for personal use or resale, or for personal shelter within the bin. Methods: To identify donation bin-associated deaths, we reviewed cases taken under the jurisdiction of the coroner for investigation in the provinces of British Columbia and Ontario, Canada, over the years 2009 to 2019. Results: We present the circumstances and postmortem findings of five deaths that occurred in British Columbia and Ontario (Canada) between 2009 and 2019, wherein the decedents were each believed to have been reaching into donation bins and became caught within the door mechanism and died as a consequence of compression asphyxia involving the chest and/or neck. Discussion: Donation bins have the potential for harm when individuals attempt to access the bin contents through the entry portal. We advocate for greater attention and changes in the placement location and/or design of these potentially dangerous devices.
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Khain, A., B. Lynn i J. Dudhia. "Aerosol Effects on Intensity of Landfalling Hurricanes as Seen from Simulations with the WRF Model with Spectral Bin Microphysics". Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 67, nr 2 (1.02.2010): 365–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jas3210.1.
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Abstract The evolution of a superhurricane (Katrina, August 2005) was simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF; version 3.1) with explicit (nonparameterized) spectral bin microphysics (SBM). The new computationally efficient spectral bin microphysical scheme (FAST-SBM) implemented to the WRF calculates at each time step and in each grid point the size distributions of atmospheric aerosols, water drops, cloud ice (ice crystals and aggregates), and graupel/hail. The tropical cyclone (TC) evolution was simulated during 72 h, beginning with its bypassing the Florida coast (27 August 2005) to its landfall just east of New Orleans, Louisiana (near the end of 29 August). The WRF/SBM was used to investigate the potential impact of aerosols ingested into Katrina’s circulation during its passage through the Gulf of Mexico on Katrina’s structure and intensity. It is shown that continental aerosols invigorated convection largely at TC periphery, which led to its weakening prior to landfall. Maximum weakening took place ∼24 h before landfall, just after its intensity had reached its maximum. The minimum pressure increased by ∼15 hPa, and the maximum velocity decreased up to 15 m s−1. Thus, the model results indicate the existence of another (in addition to a decrease in the surface fluxes) mechanism of weakening of TCs approaching the land. This mechanism is related to effects of continental aerosols involved in the TC circulation. It is shown that aerosols substantially affect the spatial distribution of cloudiness and hydrometeor contents. The evolution of lightning structure within the TC is calculated and compared with that in Katrina. The physical mechanisms of aerosol-induced TC weakening are discussed.
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Wang, Yanfeng, Xuewen Bai, Donghui Wei, Weili Lu i Guangzhao Cui. "The Application of DNA Self-Assembly Model for Bin Packing Problem". International Journal of Natural Computing Research 3, nr 1 (styczeń 2012): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jncr.2012010101.
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Bin Packing Problem (BPP) is a classical combinatorial optimization problem of graph theory, which has been proved to be NP-complete, and has high computational complexity. DNA self-assembly, a formal model of crystal growth, has been proposed as a mechanism for the bottom-up fabrication of autonomous DNA computing. In this paper, the authors propose a DNA self-assembly model for solving the BPP, this model consists of two units: grouping based on binary method and subtraction system. The great advantage of the model is that the number of DNA tile types used in the model is constant and it can solve any BPP within linear time. This work demonstrates the ability of DNA tiles to solve other NP-complete problems in the future.
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Cui, Yu, Xin Quan Ge i Hao Jiao. "The Governance Mechanism of Recycling of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipments". Advanced Materials Research 354-355 (październik 2011): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.354-355.49.
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With the amount of waste electrical and electronic products, environmental pollution becomes more and more serious. Therefore, how to recycle waste electrical and electronic equipments has attracted wide attention. By employing the experience of foreign countries in the recovery of waste electrical and electronic products for reference, the paper points out domestic practice in recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipments has a long way to go. In the following, the paper summarizes governing body for recovery of waste electrical and electronic equipments, comprising of stakeholders in charge of recycle bin, logistics side and supervision side. And then, the paper proposes the governance mechanism of recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipments through channel system, the cost mechanism, management system, and legal system. Finally, the paper summarizes the conclusions and looks forward to the future.
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Simunovic, Mijo, Coline Prévost, Andrew Callan-Jones i Patricia Bassereau. "Physical basis of some membrane shaping mechanisms". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 374, nr 2072 (28.07.2016): 20160034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0034.
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In vesicular transport pathways, membrane proteins and lipids are internalized, externalized or transported within cells, not by bulk diffusion of single molecules, but embedded in the membrane of small vesicles or thin tubules. The formation of these ‘transport carriers’ follows sequential events: membrane bending, fission from the donor compartment, transport and eventually fusion with the acceptor membrane. A similar sequence is involved during the internalization of drug or gene carriers inside cells. These membrane-shaping events are generally mediated by proteins binding to membranes. The mechanisms behind these biological processes are actively studied both in the context of cell biology and biophysics. Bin/amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain proteins are ideally suited for illustrating how simple soft matter principles can account for membrane deformation by proteins. We review here some experimental methods and corresponding theoretical models to measure how these proteins affect the mechanics and the shape of membranes. In more detail, we show how an experimental method employing optical tweezers to pull a tube from a giant vesicle may give important quantitative insights into the mechanism by which proteins sense and generate membrane curvature and the mechanism of membrane scission. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Soft interfacial materials: from fundamentals to formulation’.
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Hussain, Ayaz, Umar Draz, Tariq Ali, Saman Tariq, Muhammad Irfan, Adam Glowacz, Jose Alfonso Antonino Daviu, Sana Yasin i Saifur Rahman. "Waste Management and Prediction of Air Pollutants Using IoT and Machine Learning Approach". Energies 13, nr 15 (1.08.2020): 3930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13153930.
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Increasing waste generation has become a significant issue over the globe due to the rapid increase in urbanization and industrialization. In the literature, many issues that have a direct impact on the increase of waste and the improper disposal of waste have been investigated. Most of the existing work in the literature has focused on providing a cost-efficient solution for the monitoring of garbage collection system using the Internet of Things (IoT). Though an IoT-based solution provides the real-time monitoring of a garbage collection system, it is limited to control the spreading of overspill and bad odor blowout gasses. The poor and inadequate disposal of waste produces toxic gases, and radiation in the environment has adverse effects on human health, the greenhouse system, and global warming. While considering the importance of air pollutants, it is imperative to monitor and forecast the concentration of air pollutants in addition to the management of the waste. In this paper, we present and IoT-based smart bin using a machine and deep learning model to manage the disposal of garbage and to forecast the air pollutant present in the surrounding bin environment. The smart bin is connected to an IoT-based server, the Google Cloud Server (GCP), which performs the computation necessary for predicting the status of the bin and for forecasting air quality based on real-time data. We experimented with a traditional model (k-nearest neighbors algorithm (k-NN) and logistic reg) and a non-traditional (long short term memory (LSTM) network-based deep learning) algorithm for the creation of alert messages regarding bin status and forecasting the amount of air pollutant carbon monoxide (CO) present in the air at a specific instance. The recalls of logistic regression and k-NN algorithm is 79% and 83%, respectively, in a real-time testing environment for predicting the status of the bin. The accuracy of modified LSTM and simple LSTM models is 90% and 88%, respectively, to predict the future concentration of gases present in the air. The system resulted in a delay of 4 s in the creation and transmission of the alert message to a sanitary worker. The system provided the real-time monitoring of garbage levels along with notifications from the alert mechanism. The proposed works provide improved accuracy by utilizing machine learning as compared to existing solutions based on simple approaches.
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Schnupp, Jan W. H., i Andrew J. King. "Coding for Auditory Space in the Nucleus of the Brachium of the Inferior Colliculus in the Ferret". Journal of Neurophysiology 78, nr 5 (1.11.1997): 2717–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.78.5.2717.
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Schnupp, Jan W. H. and Andrew J. King. Coding for auditory space in the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus in the ferret. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 2717–2731, 1997. The nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus (BIN) projects topographically to the deeper layers of the superior colliculus (SC), which contain a two-dimensional map of auditory space. In this study, we have used broadband stimuli presented in the free field to investigate how auditory space is represented in the BIN of the ferret. Response latencies and temporal firing patterns were comparable with those in the SC, and both properties showed some variation with stimulus location. We obtained spatial response profiles at two sound levels (5–15 and 25–35 dB above unit threshold). A large proportion of azimuth profiles (41% in the suprathreshold condition, 80% in the near-threshold condition) presented a single peak, indicating that they were tuned to single regions in space. For some of these units, the preferred speaker position varied considerably with sound level. The remaining units showed predominantly either broad “hemifield” or spatially ambiguous “bilobed” response profiles. At suprathreshold sound levels, the preferred azimuths of the tuned cells were ordered topographically along the rostrocaudal axis of the BIN, although this representation is considerably more scattered than that in the SC. In contrast to the SC, we observed no systematic variation in the distribution of near-threshold best azimuths, which were instead concentrated around the interaural axis in the contralateral hemifield. The azimuth tuning of individual units in the BIN was generally broader at both sound levels than that in the SC. Many units also were tuned for the elevation of the sound source (48% for supra-, 77% for near-threshold stimulation), but there was no evidence for topographic order in the distribution of preferred elevations within the BIN. These results suggest that the BIN sends inputs to the SC that are already selective for sound azimuth and elevation and that show some degree of topographic order for sound azimuth. These inputs then presumably are sharpened and their topography refined by a mechanism that is likely to involve convergence of other inputs and activity-dependent fine tuning of terminal connections, to result in a precise two-dimensional map of auditory space in the SC.
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Zhao, Xiaoqiang, Yining Niu, Zakir Hossain, Jing Shi, Taotao Mao i Xiaodong Bai. "Integrated QTL Mapping, Meta-Analysis, and RNA-Sequencing Reveal Candidate Genes for Maize Deep-Sowing Tolerance". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, nr 7 (5.04.2023): 6770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076770.
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Synergetic elongation of mesocotyl and coleoptile are crucial in governing maize seedlings emergence, especially for the maize sown in deep soil. Studying the genomic regions controlling maize deep-sowing tolerance would aid the development of new varieties that are resistant to harsh conditions, such as drought and low temperature during seed germination. Using 346 F2:3 maize population families from W64A × K12 cross at three sowing depths, we identified 33 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the emergence rate, mesocotyl, coleoptile, and seedling lengths via composite interval mapping (CIM). These loci explained 2.89% to 14.17% of phenotypic variation in a single environment, while 12 of 13 major QTLs were identified at two or more sowing environments. Among those, four major QTLs in Bin 1.09, Bin 4.08, Bin 6.01, and Bin 7.02 supported pleiotropy for multiple deep-sowing tolerant traits. Meta-analysis identified 17 meta-QTLs (MQTLs) based on 130 original QTLs from present and previous studies. RNA-Sequencing of mesocotyl and coleoptile in both parents (W64A and K12) at 3 cm and 20 cm sowing environments identified 50 candidate genes expressed differentially in all major QTLs and MQTLs regions: six involved in the circadian clock, 27 associated with phytohormones biosynthesis and signal transduction, seven controlled lignin biosynthesis, five regulated cell wall organization formation and stabilization, three were responsible for sucrose and starch metabolism, and two in the antioxidant enzyme system. These genes with highly interconnected networks may form a complex molecular mechanism of maize deep-sowing tolerance. Findings of this study will facilitate the construction of molecular modules for deep-sowing tolerance in maize. The major QTLs and MQTLs identified could be used in marker-assisted breeding to develop elite maize varieties.
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Wasgewatta, Sanjiwika, darren mansfield, Sean Drummond, Andrew Tubbs, Miachael Grandner i Michael Perlis. "0680 Nocturnal wakefulness and suicide risk in the Australian population". Sleep 45, Supplement_1 (25.05.2022): A298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsac079.676.
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Abstract Introduction Temporal patterns for suicide over a 24-hour period have shown mixed results among prior studies. However, analyses of 24-hour temporal patterns for wakeful actions including suicidal behavior, should adjust for expected sleep requirements that inherently skew such activities to conventional wakeful times. This study analysed the time-of-day for suicide cases from the Australian population for the year 2017, adjusting for expected sleep patterns. Identification of time-of-day trends using this methodology may reveal risk factors for suicide and potentially modifiable contributors. Methods The Australian Coronal database was accessed and data for suicide deaths were extracted for the most recent completed year, 2017. Time of suicidal action is frequently unable to be pinpointed and for this analysis an estimation was performed from time last seen alive and time found subsequently using data extracted from police and coronial reports. Time of suicide was allocated to one of four 6-hourly time bins across 24 hours from the mid position of time last seen alive and time found subsequently. Cases were excluded if allocation to a time bin was not able to be confidently determined if time last seen and time found crossed both boundaries for a given time bin. Prevalence of suicide for each time bin was adjusted for the likelihood of being awake for each bin according to sleep-wake norms published in 2020 from a large Australian community survey of 1966 subjects. Observed prevalence of suicide were compared to expected values predicted from likelihood of being awake across each time bin calculated as a standardised incidence ratio (SIR). Results For year 2017 there were 2208 suicides for which 1407 were able to be allocated into one of four 6-hourly time bins. Reasons for exclusion were cases for which allocaton into a time bin was not able to be performed. When adjusted for the likelihood of being awake based from population norms, cases were significantly more likely to enact suicide between the hours of 2301-0500 than predicted (SIR 3.93, P< 0.001). Furthermore, there was a lower-than expected rate of suicide for the time bins, 1101-1700 (SIR 0.86, P=0.002). When subcategories of suicide cases were analsysed, suicide death in asssociation with alcohol consumption demonstrated the strongest for relatoinship to the 2301-0500 time bin (SIR 6.03, P< 0.001). Conclusion Higher than expected rates of suicide overnight associated proposes that nocturnal wakefulness may represent a modifiable risk factor for triggering suicide events. Nocturnal wakefulness may be linked to increased rates of loneliness and depair as well as greater tendency toward impusive actions and behaviors. Impusivity may be compounded by alcohol consumption Our findings offer a potential mechanism for which individuals with insomnia have increased suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Support (If Any) Untied grant provided by Rhinomed LTD
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James, Rachel L., Jonathan Crosier i Paul J. Connolly. "A bin microphysics parcel model investigation of secondary ice formation in an idealised shallow convective cloud". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, nr 16 (17.08.2023): 9099–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9099-2023.
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Abstract. We provide the first systematic study of ice formation in idealised shallow clouds from collisions of supercooled water drops with ice particles (mode 2). Using the University of Manchester bin microphysics parcel model, we investigated the sensitivity of ice formation due to mode 2 for a wide range of parameters, including aerosol particle size distribution, updraft speed, cloud-base temperature, cloud depth, ice-nucleating particle concentration, and freezing fraction of mode 2. We provide context to our results with other secondary ice production mechanisms as single mechanisms and combinations (rime splintering, spherical freezing fragmentation of drops (mode 1), and ice–ice collisions). There was a significant sensitivity to aerosol particle size distribution when updraft speeds were low (0.5 m s−1); secondary ice formation did not occur when the aerosol particle size distribution mimicked polluted environments. Where secondary ice formation did occur in simulated clouds, significant ice formation in the shallower clouds (1.3 km deep) was due to mode 2 or a combination which included mode 2. The deeper clouds (2.4 km deep) also had significant contributions from rime splintering or ice–ice collisional breakup secondary ice production (SIP) mechanisms. While simulations with cloud-base temperatures of 7 ∘C were relatively insensitive to ice-nucleating particle concentrations, there was a sensitivity in simulations with cloud-base temperatures of 0 ∘C. Increasing the ice-nucleating particle concentration delayed ice formation. Our results suggest that collisions of supercooled water drops with ice particles may be a significant ice formation mechanism within shallow convective clouds where rime splintering is not active.
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BADEGAONKAR, U. R., ANIL KAMBLE i S. H. THAKARE. "Soil bin evaluation of plain blade disc straw cutting mechanism for sowing under no-tillage system". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING 7, nr 2 (15.10.2014): 456–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijae/7.2/456-460.
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Feng, Hangwei, Hong Ni, Ran Zhao i Xiaoyong Zhu. "An Enhanced Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm to the Bin Packing Problem". Journal of Control Science and Engineering 2020 (10.03.2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3894987.
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The grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) is a novel metaheuristic algorithm. Because of its easy deployment and high accuracy, it is widely used in a variety of industrial scenarios and obtains good solution. But, at the same time, the GOA algorithm has some shortcomings: (1) original linear convergence parameter causes the processes of exploration and exploitation unbalanced; (2) unstable convergence speed; and (3) easy to fall into the local optimum. In this paper, we propose an enhanced grasshopper optimization algorithm (EGOA) using a nonlinear convergence parameter, niche mechanism, and the β-hill climbing technique to overcome the abovementioned shortcomings. In order to evaluate EGOA, we first select the benchmark set of GOA authors to test the performance improvement of EGOA compared to the basic GOA. The analysis includes exploration ability, exploitation ability, and convergence speed. Second, we select the novel CEC2019 benchmark set to test the optimization ability of EGOA in complex problems. According to the analysis of the results of the algorithms in two benchmark sets, it can be found that EGOA performs better than the other five metaheuristic algorithms. In order to further evaluate EGOA, we also apply EGOA to the engineering problem, such as the bin packing problem. We test EGOA and five other metaheuristic algorithms in SchWae2 instance. After analyzing the test results by the Friedman test, we can find that the performance of EGOA is better than other algorithms in bin packing problems.
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Gong, Peng, Zhanguo Ma, Jian Sun i Ray Ruichong Zhang. "The Blocking Mechanism of the Vertical Feeding System of Roadside Support Body Material for Backfilling Gob-Side Entry Retaining". Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (1.03.2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6060197.
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Reliable operation of the feeding system plays a crucial role in ensuring the safe and efficient production of the working face of backfilling gob-side entry retaining (GER). In the process of vertical feeding of the roadside support body material, the problem of blocking of the feeding shaft has occurred to the test mine, which seriously affects the production safety in mines. In this paper, based on the theoretical analysis, a fluid-solid coupling numerical model was established. The change rules of the speed of sacked gangue, pressure of air below it, and speed vector distribution with different vent diameters were obtained. The blocking mechanism of the feeding system was revealed. The results show that if the exhaust vent of the stock bin was shut, the speed of gangue in the mine increased and then decreased and finally blocked in the feeding shaft. If the exhaust vent of the stock bin was opened for pressure discharge, with the increase of diameter of the exhaust vent, the maximum speed and ending speed of sacked gangue increased, pressure differential reduced, and speed vector was uniformly distributed. The energy criterion of blocking of the feeding shaft was further obtained. Based on the engineering conditions of the test mine, when the feeding shaft is blocked, the critical value of diameter of the exhaust vent is 30 mm. The research results provide basis for the design of key parameters of the vertical feeding system, ensuring the safe and efficient production of gob-backfilled GER working face.
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Ananda Kumar, T. M., i T. P. Singh. "Development and Performance Evaluation of Cup-Chain type Metering Mechanism for Gladiolus corms in the Soil Bin". International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 8, nr 08 (10.08.2019): 2813–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.808.324.
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Eberth, Alexander, Richard Lundmark, Lothar Gremer, Radovan Dvorsky, Katja T. Koessmeier, Harvey T. McMahon i Mohammad Reza Ahmadian. "A BAR domain-mediated autoinhibitory mechanism for RhoGAPs of the GRAF family". Biochemical Journal 417, nr 1 (12.12.2008): 371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20081535.
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The BAR (Bin/amphiphysin/Rvs) domain defines an emerging superfamily of proteins implicated in fundamental biological processes by sensing and inducing membrane curvature. We identified a novel autoregulatory function for the BAR domain of two related GAPs' (GTPase-activating proteins) of the GRAF (GTPase regulator associated with focal adhesion kinase) subfamily. We demonstrate that the N-terminal fragment of these GAPs including the BAR domain interacts directly with the GAP domain and inhibits its activity. Analysis of various BAR and GAP domains revealed that the BAR domain-mediated inhibition of these GAPs' function is highly specific. These GAPs, in their autoinhibited state, are able to bind and tubulate liposomes in vitro, and to generate lipid tubules in cells. Taken together, we identified BAR domains as cis-acting inhibitory elements that very likely mask the active sites of the GAP domains and thus prevent down-regulation of Rho proteins. Most remarkably, these BAR proteins represent a dual-site system with separate membrane-tubulation and GAP-inhibitory functions that operate simultaneously.
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Wang, Xuezhen, Wuquan Wei, Jinpu He i Yuxiang Huang. "Effect of soil particle-size distribution (PSD) on soil-subsoiler interactions in the discrete element model". Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 19, nr 1 (29.03.2021): e0205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2021191-16584.
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Particle-size distribution (PSD) is a key parameter affecting soil dynamic attributes and cutting forces of tillage tools in the discrete element model in accordance with our preliminary simulations. To accurately determine PSD, significance and mechanism for the effect of PSD under different nominal radii were investigated using the discrete element method (DEM) and validated using the laboratory soil-bin results. Soil disturbance characteristics (soil rupture distance ratio, height of accumulated soil, soil density change rate) and cutting forces (draft and vertical) under different treatments were predicted and measured respectively. The ANOVA outputs showed that PSD significantly affected draft and vertical forces (p
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Karotki, Lena, Juha T. Huiskonen, Christopher J. Stefan, Natasza E. Ziółkowska, Robyn Roth, Michal A. Surma, Nevan J. Krogan i in. "Eisosome proteins assemble into a membrane scaffold". Journal of Cell Biology 195, nr 5 (28.11.2011): 889–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201104040.
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Spatial organization of membranes into domains of distinct protein and lipid composition is a fundamental feature of biological systems. The plasma membrane is organized in such domains to efficiently orchestrate the many reactions occurring there simultaneously. Despite the almost universal presence of membrane domains, mechanisms of their formation are often unclear. Yeast cells feature prominent plasma membrane domain organization, which is at least partially mediated by eisosomes. Eisosomes are large protein complexes that are primarily composed of many subunits of two Bin–Amphiphysin–Rvs domain–containing proteins, Pil1 and Lsp1. In this paper, we show that these proteins self-assemble into higher-order structures and bind preferentially to phosphoinositide-containing membranes. Using a combination of electron microscopy approaches, we generate structural models of Pil1 and Lsp1 assemblies, which resemble eisosomes in cells. Our data suggest that the mechanism of membrane organization by eisosomes is mediated by self-assembly of its core components into a membrane-bound protein scaffold with lipid-binding specificity.
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Morrison, Hugh, i Wojciech W. Grabowski. "Comparison of Bulk and Bin Warm-Rain Microphysics Models Using a Kinematic Framework". Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 64, nr 8 (sierpień 2007): 2839–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3980.
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This paper discusses the development and testing of a bulk warm-rain microphysics model that is capable of addressing the impact of atmospheric aerosols on ice-free clouds. Similarly to previous two-moment bulk schemes, this model predicts the mixing ratios and number concentrations of cloud droplets and drizzle/raindrops. The key elements of the model are the relatively sophisticated cloud droplet activation scheme and a comprehensive treatment of the collision–coalescence mechanism. For the latter, three previously published schemes are selected and tested, with a detailed (bin) microphysics model providing the benchmark. The unique aspect of these tests is that they are performed using a two-dimensional prescribed-flow (kinematic) framework, where both advective transport and gravitational sedimentation are included. Two quasi-idealized test cases are used, the first mimicking a single large eddy in a stratocumulus-topped boundary layer and the second representing a single shallow convective cloud. These types of clouds are thought to be the key in the indirect aerosol effect on climate. Two different aerosol loadings are considered for each case, corresponding to either pristine or polluted environments. In general, all three collision–coalescence schemes seem to capture key features of the bin model simulations (e.g., cloud depth, droplet number concentration, cloud water path, effective radius, precipitation rate, etc.) for the polluted and pristine environments, but there are detailed differences. Two of the collision–coalescence schemes require specification of the width of the cloud droplet spectrum, and model results show significant sensitivity to the specification of the width parameter. Sensitivity tests indicate that a one-moment version of the bulk model for drizzle/rain, which predicts rain/drizzle mixing ratio but not number concentration, produces significant errors relative to the bin model.
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Rodríguez-Molina, Alejandro, Miguel Gabriel Villarreal-Cervantes, Allan-Balam Rueda-Gutiérrez, Mario Aldape-Pérez, José David Álvarez-Piedras i Miguel Fernando Parra-Ocampo. "Study of Differential Evolution Variants in the Dimensional Synthesis of Four-Bar Grashof-Type Mechanisms". Applied Sciences 13, nr 12 (9.06.2023): 6966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13126966.
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Mechanisms have allowed for the automation of complex, repetitive, demanding, or dangerous tasks for humans. Among the different mechanisms, those with a closed kinematic chain are more precise and robust compared to open chain ones, which makes them suitable for many applications. One of the most widely used closed-chain alternatives is the four-bar Grashof-type mechanism, as it can generate highly nonlinear closed trajectories with a single degree of freedom. However, the dimensional synthesis of these mechanisms to generate specific trajectories is a complex task. Fortunately, computational methods known as metaheuristics can solve such problems effectively. Differential Evolution (DE) is a metaheuristic commonly used to tackle the dimensional synthesis problem. This paper presents a comparative study of the most commonly used variants of DE in solving the dimensional synthesis problem of four-bar Grashof-type mechanisms. The purpose of the study is to provide guidelines to choose the best DE alternative for solving problems of this type, as well as to support the development of DE-based algorithms that can solve more specific cases effectively. After analysis, the rand/1/exp variant was found to be the most effective in solving the dimensional synthesis problem, which was followed by best/1/bin. Based on these results, a Simple and Improved DE (SIDE) variant based on these two was proposed. The competitive performance of the SIDE with respect to the studied DE variants and in contrast to the results of algorithms used in the recent specialized literature for mechanism synthesis illustrates the usefulness of the study.
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Bano, Aniqa, Ikram Ud Din i Asma A. Al-Huqail. "AIoT-Based Smart Bin for Real-Time Monitoring and Management of Solid Waste". Scientific Programming 2020 (28.12.2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6613263.
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In the current time, the immense growth in population creates unhygienic environment for the citizen of a society with respect to waste generation. This rapid generation of waste leads to various infectious diseases in the environment. As followed by the traditional municipal system, in our surroundings, we can see over flooding of solid waste in the garbage bins. Solid waste management is a pivotal aspect in traditional systems and it is becoming dangerous in most populated areas. Arduous labor works and costs are required to manage and monitor garbage bins in real time. To maintain the cleanliness of a city and for real-time monitoring of trash bins, a smart bin mechanism (SBM) for smart cities is proposed in this paper, which is based on Artificial Intelligent of Things (AIoT). The SBM works on the 3R concept, that is, Reduce, Recycle, and Reuse. The SBM has the access to get real-time information about each bin and avoid overloading of these bins. The proposed framework reduces the labor cost and saves time and energy of the system. It also reduces the rate of disease infections by keeping the cities clean. Fuzzy logic is used for decision-making in selecting appropriate locations in the cities to install trash bins. The framework is implemented in the multiagent modeling environment, that is, NetLogo.
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Fatkhurakman, Fuad, i Syufaat Syufaat. "PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA EKONOMI SYARIAH DALAM HUKUM ISLAM SERTA PANDANGAN HUKUM POSITIF PADA PELAKSANAANNYA". Journal of Indonesian Comparative of Syari'ah Law 6, nr 1 (4.07.2023): 107–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21111/jicl.v6i1.9702.
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AbstratcThis study aims to determine the Alternative Dispute Resolution (APS) model which includes mediation, negotiation, conciliation, and arbitration in Positive Law and Islamic law which are taken from the Al-Qur'an and Al-Hadith. The essence of the problem to be uncovered in this study is to find Dispute Resolution models at the time of Rasulullah SAW and the mechanism according to Positive Law in resolving sharia economic disputes. The research method used in this study is a literature study research model by relying on books, articles, journals, and turots as sources of research data. The results of this study found that at the time of the Prophet Muhammad SAW had encountered the practice of resolving disputes through Alternative Dispute Resolution (APS). This is proven by, first, the finding of the arguments for negotiation, mediation, conciliation and arbitration from the Qur'an and Hadith, secondly, the prophet Muhammad SAW negotiated with Suhail Bin 'Amr as a negotiator for the polytheists in the form of a hudaibiyah agreement, the three prophets Muhammad SAW became a mediator in reconciling two people from the ansor circles who were in dispute over material rights, fourth it was found that the prophet Muhammad SAW justified the arbitration carried out by Abu Shuraykh and Sa'ad Bin Muadz.Keywords: Dispute Resolution, Sharia Economy, Positive Law, Islamic Law.AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui model Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa (APS) yang meliputi mediasi, negosiasi, konsiliasi, dan arbitrase dalam Hukum Positif dan hukum Islam yang dipetik dari Al-Qur’an dan Al-Hadits. Inti permasalahan yang ingin diungkap dalam penelitian ini adalah menemukan model-model Penyelesaian Sengketa pada zaman Rasulullah SAW dan mekanismenya menurut pandangan Hukum Positif dalam menyelesaikan sengketa ekonomi syariah. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah model penelitian studi kepustakaan dengan mengandalkan buku, artikel, jurnal, dan turots sebagai sumber data penelitian. Hasil dari penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pada masa Rasululloh SAW telah dijumpai praktek pendamaian sengketa melalui Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa (APS). Hal ini di buktikan dengan, pertama, ditemukannya dalil negosiasi, mediasi, konsiliasi dan arbitrase dari Al-Qur’an dan Hadits, kedua, nabi Muhammad SAW melakukan negosiasi dengan Suhail Bin ‘Amr sebagai negosiator kaum musyrik dalam wujud perjanjian hudaibiyah, ketiga nabi Muhammad SAW menjadi mediator dalam mendamaikan dua orang dari kalangan ansor yang berselisih dalam hak kebendaan, keempat ditemukan bahwa nabi Muhamad SAW membenarkan arbitrase yang dilakukan oleh Abu Syuraikh dan Sa’ad Bin Muadz.Kata-kata kunci : Penyelesaian Sengketa, Ekonomi Syariah, Hukum Positif, Hukum Islam.
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Jiang, Chunxia, Zhixiong Lu, Wenbin Dong, Bo Cao i Kyoosik Shin. "Measurement and Analysis of the Influence Factors of Tractor Tire Contact Area Based on a Multiple Linear Regression Equation". Sustainability 15, nr 13 (24.06.2023): 10017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151310017.
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Tractor tire three-dimensional (3D) contact area is one of the significant concerns of the soil-tire coupling mechanism, and it influence soil compaction and the sustainable development of agriculture. In this study, we developed a method to measure the 3D contact area of a pneumatic tire using a laser profiler on a signal tire soil-bin testing facility. A 6.00-14 bias-ply tire with high lugs was driven on sandy loam soil in a soil-bin testing facility under different vertical loads, driving speeds, and inflation pressures. Then, we developed a multiple linear regression equation between the influence factors and tractor tire contact area. The results indicated that the contact area was impacted by the three factors involved in this study, and the inflation pressure significantly influenced results, and the combination of high speed (3 m/s), low inflation pressure (69 kPa), and high tire load (2.5 kN) led to a relatively high contact area on the soil-tire contact interface and possible severe soil compaction. Also, we found that the contact area varied in a quadratic manner with speed at a given inflation pressure and tire load and varied in a quadratic manner with inflation pressure at a given speed and tire load and varied linearly with the tire load for a given speed and inflation pressure.
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Plotnick, Roy E., i Peter Wagner. "The greatest hits of all time: the histories of dominant genera in the fossil record". Paleobiology 44, nr 3 (2.07.2018): 368–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pab.2018.15.
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AbstractCertain taxa are noticeably common within collections, widely distributed, and frequently long-lived. We have examined these dominant genera as compared with rarer genera, with a focus on their temporal histories. Using occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, we determined which genera belonging to six target groups ranked among the most common within each of 49 temporal bins based on occurrences. The turnover among these dominant taxa from bin to bin was then determined for each of these groups, and all six groups when pooled. Although dominant genera are only a small fraction of all genera, the patterns of turnover mimic those seen in much larger compilations of total biodiversity. We also found that differences in patterns of turnover at the top ranks among the higher taxa reflect previously documented comparison of overall turnover among these classes. Both dominant and nondominant genera exhibit, on average, symmetrical patterns of rise and fall between first and last appearances. Dominant genera rarely begin at high ranks, but nevertheless tend to be more common when they first appear than nondominant genera. Moreover, dominant genera rarely are in the top 20 when they last appear, but still typically occupy more localities than nondominant genera occupy in their last interval. The mechanism(s) that produce dominant genera remain unclear. Nearly half of dominant genera are the type genus of a family or subfamily. This is consistent with a simple model of morphological and phylogenetic diversification and sampling.
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Mattila, Pieta K., Anette Pykäläinen, Juha Saarikangas, Ville O. Paavilainen, Helena Vihinen, Eija Jokitalo i Pekka Lappalainen. "Missing-in-metastasis and IRSp53 deform PI(4,5)P2-rich membranes by an inverse BAR domain–like mechanism". Journal of Cell Biology 176, nr 7 (19.03.2007): 953–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200609176.
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The actin cytoskeleton plays a fundamental role in various motile and morphogenetic processes involving membrane dynamics. We show that actin-binding proteins MIM (missing-in-metastasis) and IRSp53 directly bind PI(4,5)P2-rich membranes and deform them into tubular structures. This activity resides in the N-terminal IRSp53/MIM domain (IMD) of these proteins, which is structurally related to membrane-tubulating BAR (Bin/amphiphysin/Rvs) domains. We found that because of a difference in the geometry of the PI(4,5)P2-binding site, IMDs induce a membrane curvature opposite that of BAR domains and deform membranes by binding to the interior of the tubule. This explains why IMD proteins induce plasma membrane protrusions rather than invaginations. We also provide evidence that the membrane-deforming activity of IMDs, instead of the previously proposed F-actin–bundling or GTPase-binding activities, is critical for the induction of the filopodia/microspikes in cultured mammalian cells. Together, these data reveal that interplay between actin dynamics and a novel membrane-deformation activity promotes cell motility and morphogenesis.
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Ilotoviz, Eyal, Alexander P. Khain, Nir Benmoshe, Vaughan T. J. Phillips i Alexander V. Ryzhkov. "Effect of Aerosols on Freezing Drops, Hail, and Precipitation in a Midlatitude Storm". Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 73, nr 1 (11.12.2015): 109–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-14-0155.1.
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Abstract A midlatitude hail storm was simulated using a new version of the spectral bin microphysics Hebrew University Cloud Model (HUCM) with a detailed description of time-dependent melting and freezing. In addition to size distributions of drops, plate-, columnar-, and branch-type ice crystals, snow, graupel, and hail, new distributions for freezing drops as well as for liquid water mass within precipitating ice particles were implemented to describe time-dependent freezing and wet growth of hail, graupel, and freezing drops. Simulations carried out using different aerosol loadings show that an increase in aerosol loading leads to a decrease in the total mass of hail but also to a substantial increase in the maximum size of hailstones. Cumulative rain strongly increases with an increase in aerosol concentration from 100 to about 1000 cm−3. At higher cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations, the sensitivity of hailstones’ size and surface precipitation to aerosols decreases. The physical mechanism of these effects was analyzed. It was shown that the change in aerosol concentration leads to a change in the major mechanisms of hail formation and growth. The main effect of the increase in the aerosol concentration is the increase in the supercooled cloud water content. Accordingly, at high aerosol concentration, the hail grows largely by accretion of cloud droplets in the course of recycling in the cloud updraft zone. The main mechanism of hail formation in the case of low aerosol concentration is freezing of raindrops.
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Danino, Tom, Yehuda Ben-Shimol i Shlomo Greenberg. "Container Allocation in Cloud Environment Using Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning". Electronics 12, nr 12 (9.06.2023): 2614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12122614.
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Nowadays, many computation tasks are carried out using cloud computing services and virtualization technology. The intensive resource requirements of virtual machines have led to the adoption of a lighter solution based on containers. Containers isolate packaged applications and their dependencies, and they can also operate as part of distributed applications. Containers can be distributed over a cluster of computers with available resources, such as the CPU, memory, and communication bandwidth. Any container distribution mechanism should consider resource availability and their impact on overall performance. This work suggests a new approach to assigning containers to servers in the cloud, while meeting computing and communication resource requirements and minimizing the overall task completion time. We introduce a multi-agent environment using a deep reinforcement learning-based decision mechanism. The high action space complexity is tackled by decentralizing the allocation decisions among multiple agents. Considering the interactions among the agents, we introduce a new cooperative mechanism for a state and reward design, resulting in efficient container assignments. The performances of both long short term memory (LSTM) and memory augmented-based agents are examined, for solving the challenging container assignment problem. Experimental results demonstrated an improvement of up to 28% in the execution runtime compared to existing bin-packing heuristics and the common Kubernetes industrial tool.
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Wu, Yuheng, Chenyu He, Changheng Sun, Xiangran Wang, Zhaoming Qi, Qingshan Chen, Mingzhe Zhao, Xindong Yao i Dayong Zhang. "QTL Mapping by Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines (CSSLs) Reveals Candidate Gene Controlling Leaf Sucrose Content in Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)". Agronomy 13, nr 6 (13.06.2023): 1592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13061592.
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Understanding the genetic basis of leaf sucrose content can provide a novel way in improving soybean yields. To identify the related QTLs, 190 materials of chromosome fragment substitution lines (CSSLs) were used in this study. The CSSLs were developed from the cross between the cultivated soybean Suinong 14 (SN14) and wild soybean ZYD00006. Only one QTL with a high logarithm of odds (LOD) score was detected in 2021 and 2022 among 3780 bin markers (combined by 580,524 SNPs) distributed in 20 chromosomes. Nine candidate genes were screened and Glyma.14G029100 was considered as the hub gene. A promoter difference and CDS mutant was found among the parents and the reference genome, which lead to the relative transcriptional level difference.. Our results lay the groundwork for further research into its genetic mechanism.
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Shpund, J., A. Khain i D. Rosenfeld. "Effects of Sea Spray on the Dynamics and Microphysics of an Idealized Tropical Cyclone". Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 76, nr 8 (10.07.2019): 2213–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-18-0270.1.
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AbstractThe effect of sea spray particles (SSP) on the intensity and microphysical structure of an idealized tropical cyclone (TC) is investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model with a new spectral bin microphysics package. The SSP size distribution in the hurricane boundary layer is calculated using a Lagrangian–Eulerian bin-microphysics model (LEM) with high spatial resolution and extremely high drop size resolution. Sea spray ascending in updrafts within the eyewall of a TC dramatically increases the concentration of cloud drops within a wide range of sizes and decreases the effective drop radius to the values typical of polluted continental clouds. At the same time, the presence of spray drops of a few hundred microns in radii trigger intense rain just above cloud base. As a result, sea spray creates clouds that have a unique combination of maritime and continental properties. Outside the eyewall, clouds remain extremely maritime. SSP are shown to increase substantially the maximum vertical velocity, the cloud water content, and the mass contents of ice particles within the eyewall. As a result, SSP lead to TC intensification, axis symmetrization, and a decrease in eyewall radius. We found a new mechanism where wind-generated sea spray particles invigorate the inner cloud bands by nucleating more cloud droplets, which leads to more water vapor condensation and greater latent heating. The dependence of this process on surface wind speed constitutes a positive feedback loop that can lead to higher hurricane intensity. The results of simulations of cloud microstructure in the hurricane eyewall are supported by observations.
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Chakrabarti, M., A. Thorseth, J. Jepsen, D. Dan-Corell i C. Dam-Hansen. "Monte Carlo analysis of a control technique for a tunable white lighting system". Lighting Research & Technology 50, nr 5 (24.04.2017): 716–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153517691332.
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A simulated colour control mechanism for a multi-coloured LED lighting system is presented. The system achieves adjustable and stable white light output and allows for system-to-system reproducibility after application of the control mechanism. The control unit works using a pre-calibrated lookup table for an experimentally realized system, with a calibrated tristimulus colour sensor. A Monte Carlo simulation is used to examine the system performance concerning the variation of luminous flux and chromaticity of the light output. The inputs to the Monte Carlo simulation are variations of the LED peak wavelength, the LED rated luminous flux bin, the influence of the operating conditions, ambient temperature, driving current and the spectral response of the colour sensor. The system performance is investigated by evaluating the outputs from the Monte Carlo simulation. The outputs show that the applied control system yields an uncertainty on the luminous flux of 2.5% within a 95% coverage interval which is a significant reduction from the 8% of the uncontrolled system. A corresponding uncertainty reduction in Δu ′v ′ is achieved from an average of 0.0193 to 0.00125 within 95% coverage range after using the control system.
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Draz, Umar, Sana Yasin, Muhammad Irfan, Tariq Ali, Amjad Ali, Adam Glowacz, Frantisek Brumercik i Witold Glowacz. "TANVEER: Tri-Angular Nearest Vector-Based Energy Efficient Routing for IoT-Enabled Acoustic Sensor and Actor Networks (I-ASANs)". Sensors 21, nr 11 (21.05.2021): 3578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21113578.
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The Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging technology in underwater communication because of its potential to monitor underwater activities. IoT devices enable a variety of applications such as submarine and navy defense systems, pre-disaster prevention, and gas/oil exploration in deep and shallow water. The IoT devices have limited power due to their size. Many routing protocols have been proposed in applications, as mentioned above, in different aspects, but timely action and energy make these a challenging task for marine research. Therefore, this research presents a routing technique with three sub-sections, Tri-Angular Nearest Vector-Based Energy Efficient Routing (TANVEER): Layer-Based Adjustment (LBA-TANVEER), Data Packet Delivery (DPD-TANVEER), and Binary Inter Nodes (BIN-TANVEER). In TANVEER, the path is selected between the source node and sonobuoys by computing the angle three times with horizontal, vertical, and diagonal directions by using the nearest vector-based approach to avoid the empty nodes/region. In order to deploy the nodes, the LBA-TANVEER is used. Furthermore, for successful data delivery, the DPD-TANVEER is responsible for bypassing any empty nodes/region occurrence. BIN-TANVEER works with new watchman nodes that play an essential role in the path/data shifting mechanism. Moreover, achievable empty regions are also calculated by linear programming to minimize energy consumption and throughput maximization. Different evaluation parameters perform extensive simulation, and the coverage area of the proposed scheme is also presented. The simulated results show that the proposed technique outperforms the compared baseline scheme layer-by-layer angle-based flooding (L2-ABF) in terms of energy, throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and a fraction of empty regions.
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Albasoos, Hani, i Musallam Maashani. "Oman’s Diplomacy Strategy". International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 9, nr 2 (15.03.2020): 152–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v9i2.627.
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The role of Omani diplomacy is visible in promoting its foreign policy and fulfilling the Sultan’s vision. Since 1970, Oman adopted a different foreign policy in both regional and international arenas characterized by independence, pragmatism, and moderation. This approach was reshaped after Sultan Qaboos bin Said seized rule. His first order of business was to accelerate the steps towards modernizing the Sultanate by adopting a nation-wide social, educational, and cultural reform often referred to as the Omani Renaissance. To translate the Sultan’s vision to reality, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) has adopted a well-structured mechanism that will enhance diplomatic relations with various countries of the world. This research highlights Oman’s diplomacy strategy post-1970. It focuses on Oman’s foreign policy doctrine and examines the different categories of diplomacy that have been practiced in achieving Oman's foreign policy. The research includes the following types of diplomacy: official, mediation, tolerance and co-existence, economy, cultural, water, poet, aviation, and non-governmental diplomacy. This paper attempts to contribute to academia by providing a comprehensive outlook on Oman’s diplomacy, focusing on this topic from a practical point of view. It presents Omani diplomacy through dialogue and negotiations. It assembles a clear direction for the reader based on information, including personal communication with Omani diplomats.
Since 1970, Oman adopted a different foreign policy in both regional and international arenas characterized by independence, pragmatism, and moderation. This approach was reshaped after Sultan Qaboos bin Said seized rule. His first order of business was to accelerate the steps towards modernizing the Sultanate by adopting a nation-wide social, educational, and cultural reform often referred to as the Omani Renaissance. To translate the Sultan's vision to reality, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) has adopted a well-structured mechanism that will enhance diplomatic relations with various countries of the world. This research highlights Oman's diplomacy strategy post-1970. It focuses on Oman's foreign policy doctrine and examines the different categories of diplomacy that have been practiced in achieving Oman's foreign policy. The research includes the following types of diplomacy: official, mediation, tolerance and co-existence, economy, cultural, water, poet, aviation, and non-governmental diplomacy.
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Bingimlas, Khalid Abdullah. "ISTE Standards Implementation in Higher Education: An Exploratory Study of Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia". Journal of Curriculum and Teaching 12, nr 1 (3.02.2023): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jct.v12n1p147.
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This study aims to explore the extent of utilization of the ISTE standards for students in higher education. It also aims to examine the impact of some demographic variables (gender, specialization, and academic degrees) on implementing the ISTE standards for the students. The researcher used a questionnaire method to collect the data from the students of Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University and sent it to the 626 participants who consented affirmatively and included 614 valid responses from them. A correlational analysis was carried out, and the statistical findings highlight that most of the participants signaled to achieve ISTE standards positively, and the availability of the standards was positive. The findings revealed statistically significant differences in responses between male and female students in all standards, with females outperforming males. Female participants exhibited a higher orientation in the use and implementation of the standards. However, the students' specializations and their respective degree programs made no significant difference in implementing the standards. The research overall finds efficacy in implementing the ISTE standards in all the universities for both the students and the teachers. It is recommended to embed these standards in the regular curriculum of the university's degree programs and create a regular mechanism to enhance awareness and provide training to the users to ensure efficacy in improving the educational standards.