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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Benthic habitat"
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Ridgway, Mark S., i J. D. McPhail. "Rival male effects on courtship behaviour in the Enos Lake species pair of sticklebacks (Gasterosteus)". Canadian Journal of Zoology 65, nr 8 (1.08.1987): 1951–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-297.
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Two species of stickleback (Gasterosteus) coexist in Enos Lake, on Vancouver Island. Field observations and trapping data indicate that limnetic males nest on open substrate whereas benthic males nest on substrate in vegetation. Given these habitat differences, we conducted laboratory experiments to determine the effect of conspecific rival nesting males on the courtship behaviour of the two species. Courtships of limnetic fish were longer in duration than those of benthic fish because of longer territorial interactions between limnetic males. Limnetic females, and not benthic females, reduced their positive responses to their male partner when a rival male was present. The cost of competitive courtship, in terms of male competition and female choice, is thus greater in limnetics than benthics. Differences in competitive courtship between the two species are behavioural adaptations to habitats that promote (open habitat, limnetics) or reduce (vegetation, benthics) courtship disruptions.
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Osuka, Kennedy, Marc Kochzius, Ann Vanreusel, David Obura i Melita Samoilys. "Linkage between fish functional groups and coral reef benthic habitat composition in the Western Indian Ocean". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 98, nr 2 (10.10.2016): 387–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315416001399.
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Benthic habitat composition is a key factor that structures assemblages of coral reef fishes. However, natural and anthropogenic induced disturbances impact this relationship. This study investigates the link between benthic habitat composition and fish functional groups in four countries in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO). Benthic composition of 32 sites was quantified visually from percentage cover of hard and soft corals, rubble, turf, fleshy and crustose coralline algae. At each site, abundance of 12 coral-associated fish functional groups in 50 × 5 m transects was determined. Cluster analysis characterized reefs based on benthic cover and revealed five habitat types (A, B, C, D and E) typified by decreasing cover of hard corals, increasing cover of turf and/or fleshy algae and differences in benthic diversity. Habitat type A was present in all four countries. Other habitats types showed geographic affiliations: notably Comoros sites clustered in either habitats B or E, northern Madagascar had B, C and D type habitats, whereas sites in central Tanzania and northern Mozambique had habitats D and E. Fish functional groups showed significant linkages with some habitat types. The abundances of corallivores, invertivores, detritivores and grazers were higher in habitat B, whereas planktivores and small excavators showed lower abundances in the same habitat. These linkages between benthic habitat types and fish functional groups are important in informing priority reefs that require conservation and management planning.
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Mohamed, Hassan, Kazuo Nadaoka i Takashi Nakamura. "Semiautomated Mapping of Benthic Habitats and Seagrass Species Using a Convolutional Neural Network Framework in Shallow Water Environments". Remote Sensing 12, nr 23 (7.12.2020): 4002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12234002.
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Benthic habitats are structurally complex and ecologically diverse ecosystems that are severely vulnerable to human stressors. Consequently, marine habitats must be mapped and monitored to provide the information necessary to understand ecological processes and lead management actions. In this study, we propose a semiautomated framework for the detection and mapping of benthic habitats and seagrass species using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Benthic habitat field data from a geo-located towed camera and high-resolution satellite images were integrated to evaluate the proposed framework. Features extracted from pre-trained CNNs and a “bagging of features” (BOF) algorithm was used for benthic habitat and seagrass species detection. Furthermore, the resultant correctly detected images were used as ground truth samples for training and validating CNNs with simple architectures. These CNNs were evaluated for their accuracy in benthic habitat and seagrass species mapping using high-resolution satellite images. Two study areas, Shiraho and Fukido (located on Ishigaki Island, Japan), were used to evaluate the proposed model because seven benthic habitats were classified in the Shiraho area and four seagrass species were mapped in Fukido cove. Analysis showed that the overall accuracy of benthic habitat detection in Shiraho and seagrass species detection in Fukido was 91.5% (7 classes) and 90.4% (4 species), respectively, while the overall accuracy of benthic habitat and seagrass mapping in Shiraho and Fukido was 89.9% and 91.2%, respectively.
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Hamidah, M., R. A. Pasaribu i F. A. Aditama. "Benthic habitat mapping using Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA) on Tidung Island, Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 944, nr 1 (1.12.2021): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/944/1/012035.
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Abstract Tidung Island is one of the islands in Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia. This island has various benthic that live on the coastal areas, and benthic habitat has various functions both ecologically and economically. Nowadays, remote sensing technology is one way to detect benthic habitats in coastal areas. Mapping benthic habitat is essential for sustainable coastal resource management and to predict the distribution of benthic organisms. This study aims to map the benthic habitats using the object-based image analysis (OBIA) and calculate the accuracy of benthic habitat classification results in Tidung Island, Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta. The field data were collected on June 2021, and the image data used is satellite Sentinel-2 imagery acquired in June 2021. The result shows that the benthic habitat classification was produced in 4 classes: seagrass, rubble, sand, and live coral. The accuracy test result obtained an overall accuracy (OA) of 74.29% at the optimum value of the MRS segmentation scale 15;0,1;0.7 with the SVM algorithm. The results of benthic habitat classification show that the Seagrass class dominates the shallow water area at the research site with an area of 118.77 ha followed by Life Coral 104.809 ha, Sand 43.352 ha, and the smallest area is the Rubble class of 42.28 Ha.
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Sevastou, K., N. Lampadariou, P. N. Polymenakou i A. Tselepides. "Benthic communities in the deep Mediterranean Sea: exploring microbial and meiofaunal patterns in slope and basin ecosystems". Biogeosciences 10, nr 7 (18.07.2013): 4861–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-4861-2013.
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Abstract. The long-held perception of the deep sea consisting of monotonous slopes and uniform oceanic basins has over the decades given way to the idea of a complex system with wide habitat heterogeneity. Under the prism of a highly diverse environment, a large dataset was used to describe and compare spatial patterns of the dominant small-size components of deep-sea benthos, metazoan meiofauna and microbes, from Mediterranean basins and slopes. A grid of 73 stations sampled at five geographical areas along the central-eastern Mediterranean Basin (central Mediterranean, northern Aegean Sea, Cretan Sea, Libyan Sea, eastern Levantine) spanning over 4 km in depth revealed a high diversity, irrespective of the benthic group or level of taxonomic analysis. A common decreasing bathymetric trend was detected for meiobenthic abundance, major taxa diversity and nematode genera richness, but no differences were found between the two habitats (basin vs slope). In contrast, microbial richness is significantly higher at the basin ecosystem and tends to increase with depth. Multivariate analyses (β- and δ-diversity and ordination analysis) complemented these results and underlined the high within-habitat variability of benthic communities. Meiofaunal communities in particular were found to change gradually and vary more towards the abyss. On the other hand, microbial communities were highly variable, even among samples of the same area, habitat and bathymetry. A significant proportion of the variation of benthic communities and their descriptors was explained by depth and proxies of food availability (sedimentary pigments and organic content), but the combination of predictor variables and the strength of the relationship varied depending on the data set used (based on type of habitat, benthic component, taxonomic level). This, along with the observed high within-habitat variability suggests that other factors, which tend to vary at local scale (hydrodynamics, substrate structure, geochemistry, food quality, etc.), may also relate to the observed benthic patterns. Overall, the results presented here suggest that differences in small-size benthos between the basin and slope habitats are neither strong nor consistent; it appears that within-habitat variability is high, differences among depth ranges are important and further investigation of possible environmental drivers of benthic patterns is needed.
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Ramah, Sundy, Gilberte Gendron, Ranjeet Bhagooli, Mouneshwar Soondur, Andrew Souffre, Rodney Melanie, Priscilla Coopen, Luvna Caussy, Dass Bissessur i Odd A. Bergstad. "Diversity and distribution of the shallow water (23-50 m) benthic habitats on the Saya de Malha Bank, Mascarene Plateau". Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science, nr 2/2021 (20.07.2022): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wiojms.si2021.2.5.
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The Saya de Malha Bank (SMB) is one of the largest and least studied marine banks on the Mascarene Plateau. This study aimed to examine the diversity and distribution of the main benthic habitats in the shallow waters of the SMB (23 to 50 m). The survey was carried out in May 2018 during the EAF-Nansen Indian Ocean Research Expedition using a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) deployed at 15 stations. Four main benthic habitats were investigated and their relative abundance determined during the survey. The 143,110 m2 surveyed area revealed proportional benthic habitat cover of 43.6 ± 22.4, 24.5 ± 21.9, 21.2 ± 27.8, and 10.5 ± 12.6 % for seaweed, abiotic substrate, seagrasses and corals, respectively. The seaweed habitat (43.6 %) was mainly composed of Halimeda spp. It represented up to 77 % of the habitats observed at SS34 (4553 m2). Even though seaweeds are considered seasonal, their dominance at all stations creates an important habitat structure for many organisms. The seagrass habitat (21.2 %) was dominated by Thalassodendron ciliatum. This habitat covered up to 93 % of the area investigated at SS38 (5950 m2) and was found mainly on the eastern side of the bank. The live hard coral habitat (10.5 %) was the highest at SS36-2 (35% of 9819 m2) and was more homogenously spread within the shallow areas. The unstable and the stable bare bottom substrate habitat (24.7 %) characterized as abiotic habitat was mainly composed of bedrock, sand, and rubble. It dominated at SS42 where it constituted 72.5 % of the 5114 m2 investigated and was recorded at all stations. Further research is warranted to better understand the diversity and the distribution of benthic habitats within the shallow waters of the SMB, along with collection of targeted benthic organisms for identification at higher taxonomic levels, to better formulate conservation and management measures and strategies.
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Alifatri, La Ode, Bayu Prayudha i Kasih Anggraini. "Klasifikasi Habitat Bentik Berdasarkan Citra Sentinel-2 di Kepulauan Kei, Maluku Tenggara". Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 27, nr 3 (1.07.2022): 372–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18343/jipi.27.3.372.
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Imagery classification has long been used in analyzing remote sensing data. The use of the classification algorithm model can affect the results in interpreting benthic habitats in shallow water. This study aimed to determine the best classification algorithm model for mapping benthic habitat cover through Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. Three algorithm models were employed: Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC), Minimum Distance Classification (MDC), and Mahalanobis Distance Classification (MaDC). The benthic habitat types were extracted using Lyzenga correction, giving three categories: coral, seagrass, and sand. The results showed that the application algorithm models of the MLC, MDC, and MaDC on the benthic habitat mapping resulted in an accuracy value that was not significantly different at the 95% confidence interval. However, of the three algorithms used, the MaDC algorithm provides the best results in overall accuracy (78.35%) than the MDC (74.45%) and the MLC (74.33%). It shows that the MaDC algorithm can be referred to as the mapped benthic habitat cover in the Kei Islands. However, this algorithm model needs to be continuously studied and compared to other models in other locations.
Keywords: benthic, habitat classification, Kei Islands, sentinel
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Kocheshkova, Оlga, Еlena Ezhov, Dmitry Dorokhov i Evgenia Dorokhova. "Benthic communities and habitats in the near shore zone of the Curonian Spit (the south–eastern part of the Baltic Sea)". Baltica 27, special (20.02.2014): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5200/baltica.2014.27.15.
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Benthic communities classified according to species diversity, abundance and composition of dominant complex were defined and mapped. Maps compiled represent the distribution of bottom sediment types, substrata, bathymetry and benthic communities in the pilot area. Combination of data on community distribution and several abiotic habitat features (grain size, substrate types, and photic conditions) allowed recognizing several benthic habitats, according to HELCOM habitat classification. New data on features of coastal benthic biotopes made evident the existence of unique seascape “ancient lagoon mud” in the study area and allowed recommending further establishment of new marine protected areas.
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Walton, Mark E. M., Jamie Hayes, Mohsin Al-Ansi, Mohamed Abdallah, Ibrahim Al Maslamani, Mohammed Al-Mohannadi, Ismail Al-Shaikh i in. "Towards spatial management of fisheries in the Gulf: benthic diversity, habitat and fish distributions from Qatari waters". ICES Journal of Marine Science 75, nr 1 (27.07.2017): 178–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsx116.
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Abstract As with many other regions in the world, more complete information on the distribution of marine habitats in the Gulf is required to inform environmental policy, and spatial management of fisheries resources will require better understanding of the relationships between habitat and fish communities. Towed cameras and sediment grabs were used to investigate benthic habitats and associated epifauna, infauna and fish communities in the central Gulf, offshore from the east coast of Qatar, in water depths of between 12 and 52 m. Six different habitats were identified: (i) soft sediment habitats of mud and (ii) sand, and structured habitats of (iii) macro-algal reef, (iv) coral reef, (v) mixed reef, and (vi) oyster bed. The epibenthic community assemblage of the mud habitat was significantly different to that of sand, which in turn differed from the structured habitats of coral reef, mixed reef and oyster bed, with the macroalgal assemblage having similarities to both sand and the other structured habitats. Fish assemblages derived from video data did not differ between habitats, although certain species were only associated with particular habitats. Epibenthic diversity indices were significantly lower in mud, sand and macro-algal habitats, with no differences recorded for fish diversity. Soft sediment grab samples indicated that mud habitats had the highest benthic diversity, with Shannon-Weiner values of >4, and were more diverse than sand with values of 3.3. The study demonstrates high biodiversity in benthic habitats in the central and southwestern Gulf, which may in part be due to the absence of trawling activity in Qatari waters. There is a strong influence of depth on benthic habitat type, so that depth can be used to predict habitat distribution with a high level of accuracy. The presence of outcrops of hard substrata creates a mosaic of patchy shallow structured benthic habitat across extensive areas of the offshore seabed. Such heterogeneity, and the association of commercially exploited fish species with specific habitats, indicates that this region is well suited to a spatial approach to fisheries management.
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Bowles, David E., i Leroy J. Kleinsasser. "Environmental Determinates of Distribution for Dragonfly Nymphs (Odonata: Anisoptera) in Urban and Non-Urban East Texas Streams, USA". Hydrobiology 1, nr 1 (1.01.2022): 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrobiology1010006.
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We collected environmental and habitat data for nymphs of 12 dragonfly species (Odonata: Anisoptera) from 91 stream sites throughout eastern Texas, including urban and non-urban locations. Understanding the relationship of dragonflies to habitat structure and other environmental variables is crucial for the purpose of conserving these insects and better using them as predictive tools for water quality assessments, and refining tolerance values. The objectives of this study were to determine the key environmental variables influencing the diversity and distribution of dragonflies in eastern Texas streams, and further determine if differences in those factors could be observed between urban and nonurban sites. We collected samples separately from benthic habitats and woody snag habitats. Significantly fewer sites were observed to have dragonfly species on snag habitat (mean = 1.25) compared to benthic samples (mean = 14.67) (t-test, p = 0.001). The number of dragonfly species collected among non-urban streams (mean = 9.83) was not significantly different than urban streams (mean = 6.08; t-test, p = 0.07). Detrended correspondence analysis of benthic and snag habitat data collected from non-urban and urban locations showed that most of the species are oriented most closely to benthic habitats in non-urban streams. Snag habitat was shown to be poorly ordinated for all of the species. A canonical correspondence analysis of 29 water quality and habitat variables as environmental determinants of dragonfly diversity and distribution showed that distributional relationships among species are complex and often described by multiple environmental factors.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Benthic habitat"
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Stevens, Tim, i n/a. "Mapping Benthic Habitats for Representation in Marine Protected Areas". Griffith University. School of Environmental and Applied Science, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040303.124815.
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Virtually all marine conservation planning and management models in place or proposed have in common the need for improved scientific rigour in identifying and characterising the marine habitats encompassed. An emerging central theme in the last few years has been the concept of representativeness, or representative systems of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). The habitat classification and mapping needed to incorporate considerations of representativeness into MPA planning must logically be carried out at the same scale at which management occurs. Management of highly protected areas occurs almost exclusively at local scales or finer, independent of the reservation model or philosophy employed. Moreton Bay, on Australias east coast, was selected for studies at the local scale to map and classify macrobenthic habitats. In a site scale (1 km) trial for the major habitat classification study, remote underwater videography was used to map and characterise an unusual assemblage of epibenthic invertebrates on soft sediments. The assemblage included congregations of the comatulid crinoid Zygometra cf. Z. microdiscus (Bell) at densities up to 0.88 individuals.m-2, comparable to those found in coral reef habitats. There was no correlation between the distribution of this species and commonly used abiotic surrogates depth (6 18 m), sediment composition and residual current. This site scale trial is the first quantitative assessment of crinoid density and distribution in shallow water soft-sediment environments. The high densities found are significant in terms of the generally accepted picture of shallow-water crinoids as essentially reefal fauna. The findings highlight the conservation benefits of an inclusive approach to marine habitat survey and mapping. Assemblages such as the one described, although they may be of scientific and ecological significance, would have been overlooked by common approaches to marine conservation planning which emphasise highly productive or aesthetically appealing habitats. Most habitat mapping studies rely solely or in part on abiotic surrogates for patterns of biodiversity. The utility of abiotic variables in predicting biological distributions at the local scale (10 km) was tested. Habitat classifications of the same set of 41 sites based on 6 abiotic variables and abundances of 89 taxa and bioturbation indicators were compared using correlation, regression and ordination analyses. The concepts of false homogeneity and false heterogeneity were defined to describe types of errors associated with using abiotic surrogates to construct habitat maps. The best prediction by abiotic surrogates explained less than 30% of the pattern of biological similarity. Errors of false homogeneity were between 20 and 62%, depending on the methods of estimation. Predictive capability of abiotic surrogates at the taxon level was poor, with only 6% of taxon / surrogate correlations significant. These results have implications for the widespread use of abiotic surrogates in marine habitat mapping to plan for, or assess, representation in Marine Protected Areas. Abiotic factors did not discriminate sufficiently between different soft bottom communities to be a reliable basis for mapping. Habitat mapping for the design of Marine Protected Areas is critically affected by the scale of the source information. The relationship between biological similarity of macrobenthos and the distance between sites was investigated at both site and local scales, and for separate biotic groups. There was a significant negative correlation between similarity and distance, in that sites further apart were less similar than sites close together. The relationship, although significant, was quite weak at the site scale. Rank correlograms showed that similarity was high at scales of 10 km or less, and declined markedly with increasing distance. There was evidence of patchiness in the distributions of some biotic groups, especially seagrass and anthozoans, at scales less than 16 km. In other biotic groups there was an essentially monotonic decline in similarity with distance. The spatial agglomeration approach to habitat mapping was valid in the study area. Site spacing of less than 10 km was necessary to capture important components of biological similarity. Site spacing of less than 2.5 km did not appear to be warranted. Macrobenthic habitat types were classified and mapped at 78 sites spaced 5 km apart. The area mapped was about 2,400 km2 and extended from estuarine shallow subtidal waters to offshore areas to the 50 m isobath. Nine habitat types were recognised, with only one on hard substrate. The habitat mapping characterised several habitat types not previously described in the area and located deepwater algal and soft coral reefs not previously reported. Seagrass beds were encountered in several locations where their occurrence was either unknown or had not previously been quantified. The representation of the derived habitat types within an existing marine protected area was assessed. Only two habitat types were represented in highly protected zones, with less than 3% of each included The study represents the most spatially comprehensive survey of epibenthos undertaken in Moreton Bay, with over 40,000 m2 surveyed. Derived habitat maps provide a robust basis for inclusion of representative examples of all habitat types in marine protected area planning in and adjacent to Moreton Bay. The utility of video data to conduct a low-cost habitat survey over a comparatively large area was also demonstrated. The method used has potentially wide application for the survey and design of marine protected areas.
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Stevens, Tim. "Mapping Benthic Habitats for Representation in Marine Protected Areas". Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367557.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Virtually all marine conservation planning and management models in place or proposed have in common the need for improved scientific rigour in identifying and characterising the marine habitats encompassed. An emerging central theme in the last few years has been the concept of representativeness, or representative systems of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). The habitat classification and mapping needed to incorporate considerations of representativeness into MPA planning must logically be carried out at the same scale at which management occurs. Management of highly protected areas occurs almost exclusively at local scales or finer, independent of the reservation model or philosophy employed. Moreton Bay, on Australia’s east coast, was selected for studies at the local scale to map and classify macrobenthic habitats. In a site scale (1 km) trial for the major habitat classification study, remote underwater videography was used to map and characterise an unusual assemblage of epibenthic invertebrates on soft sediments. The assemblage included congregations of the comatulid crinoid Zygometra cf. Z. microdiscus (Bell) at densities up to 0.88 individuals.m-2, comparable to those found in coral reef habitats. There was no correlation between the distribution of this species and commonly used abiotic surrogates depth (6 – 18 m), sediment composition and residual current. This site scale trial is the first quantitative assessment of crinoid density and distribution in shallow water soft-sediment environments. The high densities found are significant in terms of the generally accepted picture of shallow-water crinoids as essentially reefal fauna. The findings highlight the conservation benefits of an inclusive approach to marine habitat survey and mapping. Assemblages such as the one described, although they may be of scientific and ecological significance, would have been overlooked by common approaches to marine conservation planning which emphasise highly productive or aesthetically appealing habitats. Most habitat mapping studies rely solely or in part on abiotic surrogates for patterns of biodiversity. The utility of abiotic variables in predicting biological distributions at the local scale (10 km) was tested. Habitat classifications of the same set of 41 sites based on 6 abiotic variables and abundances of 89 taxa and bioturbation indicators were compared using correlation, regression and ordination analyses. The concepts of false homogeneity and false heterogeneity were defined to describe types of errors associated with using abiotic surrogates to construct habitat maps. The best prediction by abiotic surrogates explained less than 30% of the pattern of biological similarity. Errors of false homogeneity were between 20 and 62%, depending on the methods of estimation. Predictive capability of abiotic surrogates at the taxon level was poor, with only 6% of taxon / surrogate correlations significant. These results have implications for the widespread use of abiotic surrogates in marine habitat mapping to plan for, or assess, representation in Marine Protected Areas. Abiotic factors did not discriminate sufficiently between different soft bottom communities to be a reliable basis for mapping. Habitat mapping for the design of Marine Protected Areas is critically affected by the scale of the source information. The relationship between biological similarity of macrobenthos and the distance between sites was investigated at both site and local scales, and for separate biotic groups. There was a significant negative correlation between similarity and distance, in that sites further apart were less similar than sites close together. The relationship, although significant, was quite weak at the site scale. Rank correlograms showed that similarity was high at scales of 10 km or less, and declined markedly with increasing distance. There was evidence of patchiness in the distributions of some biotic groups, especially seagrass and anthozoans, at scales less than 16 km. In other biotic groups there was an essentially monotonic decline in similarity with distance. The spatial agglomeration approach to habitat mapping was valid in the study area. Site spacing of less than 10 km was necessary to capture important components of biological similarity. Site spacing of less than 2.5 km did not appear to be warranted. Macrobenthic habitat types were classified and mapped at 78 sites spaced 5 km apart. The area mapped was about 2,400 km2 and extended from estuarine shallow subtidal waters to offshore areas to the 50 m isobath. Nine habitat types were recognised, with only one on hard substrate. The habitat mapping characterised several habitat types not previously described in the area and located deepwater algal and soft coral reefs not previously reported. Seagrass beds were encountered in several locations where their occurrence was either unknown or had not previously been quantified. The representation of the derived habitat types within an existing marine protected area was assessed. Only two habitat types were represented in highly protected zones, with less than 3% of each included The study represents the most spatially comprehensive survey of epibenthos undertaken in Moreton Bay, with over 40,000 m2 surveyed. Derived habitat maps provide a robust basis for inclusion of representative examples of all habitat types in marine protected area planning in and adjacent to Moreton Bay. The utility of video data to conduct a low-cost habitat survey over a comparatively large area was also demonstrated. The method used has potentially wide application for the survey and design of marine protected areas.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environmental and Applied Science
Full Text
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McGonigle, Chris. "Mapping benthic habitat using acoustic remote sensing". Thesis, University of Ulster, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.551582.
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Backscatter imagery from multibeam echosounders (MBES) is increasingly used for benthic habitat mapping. This research explores MBES backscatter classification using QTC-Multiview on data from Stanton Banks (UK) and Cashes Ledge (USA). Image-processing algorithms are used to extract values from samples of backscatter data, which are reduced by principal components analysis and are objectively clustered. This process is initially evaluated using 2005 data from Stanton Banks and compared with ground-truth data to determine their biological validity. Low-levels of agreement are observed between acoustic class and ground- truth data «35%); video is determined to be the most spatially appropriate method for comparison. Subsequently, the area was resurveyed in 2006 using the same MBES with different operational parameters, acquiring low- and high-density data coverage. Percentage agreement between classifications was 78%, determined to be due to operational parameters as opposed to environmental change. Agreement with ground truth data improved from 71 % to 77% with increased data density. In 2008, a 2 km2 area was resurveyed at two different orientations and vessel speeds within the same 24 hr period. Classification revealed 53% similarity at 4 rns-1 and 49% at 2 rns-1 from opposing orientations. The same orientations surveyed at different speeds were between 68% (k=0.583) and 53% (k=0.384) similar. These results suggest that both orientation and speed are significant considerations in image-based classification. Finally, the significance of water-column biomass in backscatter classification was examined at Cashes Ledge using MBES data from kelp beds. Two approaches were examined for detecting the presence of macrophytes; image-based and manual picking. Comparison with video data revealed comparable success, with both methods most successful at predicting Laminaria sp. (77.3%-82.6% correct) in shallow water «30m). This research demonstrates the significance of MBES backscatter and image-based classification as potential tools for the emergent discipline of benthic habitat mapping.
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Parnum, Iain Michael. "Benthic habitat mapping using multibeam sonar systems". Thesis, Curtin University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1131.
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The aim of this study was to develop and examine the use of backscatter data collected with multibeam sonar (MBS) systems for benthic habitat mapping. Backscatter data were collected from six sites around the Australian coastal zone using the Reson SeaBat 8125 MBS system operating at 455 kHz. Benthic habitats surveyed in this study included: seagrass meadows, rhodolith beds, coral reef, rock, gravel, sand, muddy sand, and mixtures of those habitats. Methods for processing MBS backscatter data were developed for the Coastal Water Habitat Mapping (CWHM) project by a team from the Centre for Marine Science and Technology (CMST). The CMST algorithm calculates the seafloor backscatter strength derived from the peak and integral (or average) intensity of backscattered signals for each beam. The seafloor backscatter strength estimated from the mean value of the integral backscatter intensity was shown in this study to provide an accurate measurement of the actual backscatter strength of the seafloor and its angular dependence. However, the seafloor backscatter strength derived from the peak intensity was found to be overestimated when the sonar insonification area is significantly smaller than the footprint of receive beams, which occurs primarily at oblique angles. The angular dependence of the mean backscatter strength showed distinct differences between hard rough substrates (such as rock and coral reef), seagrass, coarse sediments and fine sediments. The highest backscatter strength was observed not only for the hard and rough substrate, but also for marine vegetation, such as rhodolith and seagrass. The main difference in acoustic backscatter from the different habitats was the mean level, or angle-average backscatter strength. However, additional information can also be obtained from the slope of the angular dependence of backscatter strength.It was shown that the distribution of the backscatter. The shape parameter was shown to relate to the ratio of the insonification area (which can be interpreted as an elementary scattering cell) to the footprint size rather than to the angular dependence of backscatter strength. When this ratio is less than 5, the gamma shape parameter is very similar for different habitats and is nearly linearly proportional to the ratio. Above a ratio of 5, the gamma shape parameter is not significantly dependent on the ratio and there is a noticeable difference in this parameter between different seafloor types. A new approach to producing images of backscatter properties, introduced and referred to as the angle cube method, was developed. The angle cube method uses spatial interpolation to construct a three-dimensional array of backscatter data that is a function of X-Y coordinates and the incidence angle. This allows the spatial visualisation of backscatter properties to be free from artefacts of the angular dependence and provides satisfactory estimates of the backscatter characteristics.Using the angle-average backscatter strength and slope of the angular dependence, derived by the angle cube method, in addition to seafloor terrain parameters, habitat probability and classification maps were produced to show distributions of sand, marine vegetation (e.g. seagrass and rhodolith) and hard substrate (e.g. coral and bedrock) for five different survey areas. Ultimately, this study demonstrated that the combination of high-resolution bathymetry and backscatter strength data, as collected by MBS, is an efficient and cost-effective tool for benthic habitat mapping in costal zones.
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Parnum, Iain Michael. "Benthic habitat mapping using multibeam sonar systems". Curtin University of Technology, Dept. of Imaging and Applied Physics, Centre for Marine Science and Technology, 2007. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18584.
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The aim of this study was to develop and examine the use of backscatter data collected with multibeam sonar (MBS) systems for benthic habitat mapping. Backscatter data were collected from six sites around the Australian coastal zone using the Reson SeaBat 8125 MBS system operating at 455 kHz. Benthic habitats surveyed in this study included: seagrass meadows, rhodolith beds, coral reef, rock, gravel, sand, muddy sand, and mixtures of those habitats. Methods for processing MBS backscatter data were developed for the Coastal Water Habitat Mapping (CWHM) project by a team from the Centre for Marine Science and Technology (CMST). The CMST algorithm calculates the seafloor backscatter strength derived from the peak and integral (or average) intensity of backscattered signals for each beam. The seafloor backscatter strength estimated from the mean value of the integral backscatter intensity was shown in this study to provide an accurate measurement of the actual backscatter strength of the seafloor and its angular dependence. However, the seafloor backscatter strength derived from the peak intensity was found to be overestimated when the sonar insonification area is significantly smaller than the footprint of receive beams, which occurs primarily at oblique angles. The angular dependence of the mean backscatter strength showed distinct differences between hard rough substrates (such as rock and coral reef), seagrass, coarse sediments and fine sediments. The highest backscatter strength was observed not only for the hard and rough substrate, but also for marine vegetation, such as rhodolith and seagrass. The main difference in acoustic backscatter from the different habitats was the mean level, or angle-average backscatter strength. However, additional information can also be obtained from the slope of the angular dependence of backscatter strength.It was shown that the distribution of the backscatter. The shape parameter was shown to relate to the ratio of the insonification area (which can be interpreted as an elementary scattering cell) to the footprint size rather than to the angular dependence of backscatter strength. When this ratio is less than 5, the gamma shape parameter is very similar for different habitats and is nearly linearly proportional to the ratio. Above a ratio of 5, the gamma shape parameter is not significantly dependent on the ratio and there is a noticeable difference in this parameter between different seafloor types. A new approach to producing images of backscatter properties, introduced and referred to as the angle cube method, was developed. The angle cube method uses spatial interpolation to construct a three-dimensional array of backscatter data that is a function of X-Y coordinates and the incidence angle. This allows the spatial visualisation of backscatter properties to be free from artefacts of the angular dependence and provides satisfactory estimates of the backscatter characteristics.
Using the angle-average backscatter strength and slope of the angular dependence, derived by the angle cube method, in addition to seafloor terrain parameters, habitat probability and classification maps were produced to show distributions of sand, marine vegetation (e.g. seagrass and rhodolith) and hard substrate (e.g. coral and bedrock) for five different survey areas. Ultimately, this study demonstrated that the combination of high-resolution bathymetry and backscatter strength data, as collected by MBS, is an efficient and cost-effective tool for benthic habitat mapping in costal zones.
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Tillin, Heidi Marie. "Assessing Benthic Habitat Quality : Developing the Tools for Management". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.507585.
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au, M. Wildsmith@murdoch edu, i Michelle Wildsmith. "Relationships between benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages and habitat types in nearshore marine and estuarine waters along the lower west coast of Australia". Murdoch University, 2007. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20081029.93910.
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The following four broad aims were addressed in this study. (1) To ascertain whether the characteristics of the benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages within the different nearshore marine habitat types identified by Valesini et al. (2003) on the lower west coast of Australia differ significantly, and whether the pattern of those spatial differences matches those among the environmental characteristics that were used to distinguish those habitat types; (2) To develop a quantitative approach for classifying nearshore habitats in estuarine waters that employs readily-available data for a range of enduring environmental characteristics, and to use that approach to classify the various habitat types present in nearshore waters of the Swan-Canning Estuary on the lower west coast of Australia; (3) To test the hypothesis that the characteristics of the benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in the in the Swan-Canning Estuary differ significantly among nearshore habitat types, and that the pattern of those differences matches that among the environmental characteristics used to distinguish those habitat types and (4) To test the hypothesis that, as a result of environmental changes in the Swan-Canning Estuary, the characteristics of the benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages at various habitats in this estuary in 1986/7 differ from those in 2003/4.
To address the first aim, benthic macroinvertebrates were sampled seasonally for one year in the subtidal waters and intertidal zone (upper and lower swash zones) at the six nearshore habitat types that were identified by Valesini et al. (2003) on the lower west coast of Australia. The habitat types, which differed mainly in the extent of their exposure to wave activity and whether seagrass and/or nearshore reefs were present, had been distinguished quantitatively using values for a suite of seven statistically-selected enduring environmental characteristics. The faunal samples yielded a total of 121 species representing eight phyla, among which the Polychaeta, Malacostraca and Bivalvia were the most speciose classes and contributed ~ 38, 23 and 10%, respectively, to the total number of individuals. The total number of species and mean density of macroinvertebrates was far greater at the most protected habitat type (1), which also contained dense beds of seagrass, than at any other habitat type, i.e. 70 species and 209.2 individuals 0.1 m-2, compared to 32 species and 36.9 individuals 0.1 m-2 at the most exposed habitat type (6), which had a substrate comprised only of sand. Differences among habitat type influenced the benthic macroinvertebrate species composition to a greater extent than differences among either zones or seasons. Significantly different faunal compositions were detected among those latter two factors only at the most protected habitat type. The faunal assemblage at habitat type 1 was clearly the most distinct from those at the other five habitat types, particularly in the subtidal zone (R-statistics=0.642-0.831, p=0.1%), and was typified by five abundant polychaete species that were adapted to deposit-feeding. In contrast, the fauna at habitat type 6 was typified by four crustacean species and a species of bivalve and polychaete, whose mobility and tough external surface facilitated their survival and feeding in those turbulent waters. The extents of the differences in species composition among the six habitat types was significantly matched with that among the suite of enduring environmental characteristics that distinguished those habitat types, particularly in the case of the subtidal zone (Rho=0.676). Such results indicated that the environmental variables used to distinguish the nearshore habitat types could be used to reliably predict the types of benthic macroinvertebrate species likely to occur at any site along the lower west coast of Australia.
The above biological validation of the nearshore marine habitat classification scheme developed by Valesini et al. (2003) provided the justification for the approach to the second broad aim of this study, namely to develop a quantitative scheme for classifying habitat types in the Swan-Canning Estuary. This approach was similar to that employed by Valesini et al. (2003) in that it considers that differences among habitat types are well reflected by differences in a suite of enduring environmental variables. However, it improves on that earlier method by employing a completely objective and quantitative approach.
Thus, a large number of environmentally-diverse nearshore sites (102) were initially selected throughout the Swan-Canning Estuary and a suite of 13 enduring environmental variables quantified at each using remotely-sensed images of the estuary in a Geographic Information System. Such variables were chosen to reflect either (i) the type of substrate and submerged vegetation present, (ii) the extent of exposure to wave action or (iii) the location of the site within the estuary with respect to its vicinity to marine and fresh water sources. These data were then subjected to the CLUSTER routine and associated SIMPROF procedure in the PRIMER v6 multivariate statistical package to quantitatively identify those groups of sites that did not differ significantly in their environmental characteristics, and thus represented habitat types. Eighteen habitat types were identified, which were shown to well reflect spatial differences in a suite of non-enduring water quality and sediment characteristics that were measured in situ at a range of estuarine sites during both summer and winter in 2005 (Rho=0.683 and 0.740, respectively, p=0.1%). However, those latter environmental characteristics required far more time in the field and laboratory to quantify than the enduring variables used to identify the habitat types.
Benthic macroinvertebrates were sampled during summer and winter in 2005 in the shallow subtidal regions (~1 m depth) at sites representing eight of the habitat types identified in the Swan-Canning Estuary. These samples contained a total of 51 and 36 species during summer and winter, respectively, and, in both seasons, represented nine phyla, namely Annelida, Crustacea, Mollusca, Sipuncula, Nematoda, Platyhelminthes, Cnidaria, Uniramia and Nemertea. The compositions of the benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages differed significantly among habitat types and, to a similar extent, between seasons (Global R-statistic=0.408 and 0.409, respectively, p=0.1%). However, the spatial differences were considerable greater in winter than in summer (Global R-statistic=0.536 vs 0.280, p=0.1%), presumably due to the greater spatial variation in particular non-enduring in situ environmental characteristics, such as redox depth and salinity. While the number of species, overall density and taxonomic distinctness of benthic macroinvertebrates also differed significantly among habitats, those variables differed to a greater extent between seasons, being greater in winter than in summer. While the measures of taxonomic distinctness tended to be greater at habitat types located in the lower to middle reaches, i.e. habitat types 6, 7, 9, 10, 13 and 18, than the upper reaches i.e. habitat types 1 and 3, the number of species and overall density reflected this trend only during winter. During summer, the mean numbers of species at habitat types 1, 3, 6 and 10 (3.4-6.0) were significantly lower than those at habitat types 7, 13, and 18 (8.8-10.9), whereas the overall density of benthic macroinvertebrates was far greater at habitat type 7 (32260 individuals 0.1 m-2)than at any other habitat type in this season (3135-18552 individuals 0.1 m-2).
Overall, the greatest differences in assemblage composition occurred between those at habitat types 1 and 18 (R-statistic=0.669, p=0.1%), which were located in the uppermost region of the estuary and the lower reaches of the basin, respectively, and differed to the greatest extent in their enduring environmental characteristics. The assemblage at habitat type 1, and also that at habitat type 3, located just downstream, were relatively distinct from those at all other habitat types, particularly during winter (R-statistics=0.666-0.993, p=0.1%). The fauna at the first of these habitat types was relatively depauperate, containing low numbers of species and densities, and was characterised by the polychaetes Leitoscoloplos normalis and Ceratonereis aequisetis and the bivalve Arthritica semen. The assemblage at habitat type 3 was also characterised by those three species and the amphipod Paracorophium minor and the polychaete Boccardiella limnicola. In contrast, the assemblage at habitat type 18 was characterised by a more diverse assemblage, i.e. the polychaetes Capitella capitata, C. aequisetis, L. normalis and Pseudopolydora kempi, the amphipods, Grandidierella propodentata and Corophium minor and the bivalve Sanguinolaria biradiata. The number of species was among the highest at this habitat type during both seasons, which was also reflected in the high taxonomic diversity, and the overall density was the highest in winter and second highest in summer. Despite the above faunal differences, those between assemblages at habitat types 7 and 9, which were both located in the basin of the Swan-Canning Estuary, were similar in magnitude to those that occurred between pairs of habitat types located in two different regions of the estuary. Although both habitat types 7 and 9 were characterised by a similar suite of species, i.e. Oligochaete spp., C. aequisetis, C. capitata, C. minor, G. propodentata, L. normalis, and S. biradiata, the substantial differences in assemblage composition between these habitat types in both summer and winter (R-statistics=0.570 and 0.725, respectively) was due to marked differences in the relative contributions of each of these species.
Significant and strong correlations were shown to exist in both summer and winter between the pattern of differences in the benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages among habitat types and that among the enduring environmental characteristics used to identify those habitat types (Rho=0.625 and 0.825, respectively, p=0.1%). Furthermore, these correlations were greater than those obtained between the benthic macroinvertebrate fauna and any combination of the non-enduring environmental characteristics (i.e. water quality and sediment parameters) recorded in situ at each habitat type (Rho=0.508 and 0.824, in summer and winter, respectively, p=o.1%). This demonstrates the greater capacity of surrogate enduring environmental characteristics to account for differences in the range of variables that may influence the distribution of benthic invertebrate fauna. Thus, the lists of characteristic benthic macroinvertebrate taxa produced for each of the eight habitat types studied in the Swan-Canning Estuary provide a reliable benchmark by which to gauge any future changes in those fauna. Moreover, these results indicate that the above habitat classification scheme can be used to reliably predict the types of benthic macroinvertebrate fauna that are likely to occur at any nearshore site of interest in this estuarine system.
The final component of this study showed that the benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages at four sites in the middle reaches of the Swan-Canning Estuary in 2003/4 differed significantly from those recorded at the same sites in 1986/7. Such differences were reflected in (1) changes in the relative densities of a suite of ten species that were responsible for distinguishing the faunas in these two periods, (2) the absence of 22 rare species in 2003/4 (i.e. 42% of the number of species recorded in 1986/7), (3) the presence of 17 new species in 2003/4, including an abundant polychaete that is likely to have been introduced and (4) a far greater extent of seasonal variation in the number of species and densities of benthic macroinvertebrates in 2003/4. Such changes are likely to be related to lower sediment oxygen levels in certain seasons in 2003/4, as well as an altered hydrological regime due to increased temperatures and decreased rainfall in that more recent period. The fact that these changes have occurred within the Swan-Canning Estuary highlights the need for effective management tools, such as the habitat classification scheme and associated faunal survey undertaken in this study. Such data will provide a sound basis by which to examine the ways in which fauna vary spatially within the system, and allow for the establishment of comprehensive benchmarks for detecting future changes.
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Ensign, William E. "Multiple-scale habitat models of benthic fish abundance in riffles". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38204.
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This dissertation examines the relationship between abundances of Roanoke darter, Roanoke logperch, and black jump rock and availability of stream habitat features at three spatial scales in two reaches of the Roanoke River, Virginia. The utility of underwater observation as a method of estimating benthic fish densities is also assessed. Distributions of perpendicular sighting distances indicate models assuming equal sighting probability are not appropriate for benthic species but distance sampling models assuming decreased sighting probability with increased distance from observers provide reasonable alternatives. Abundances estimated using two distance sampling models, a strip transect model, and a backpack electroshocker were strongly correlated.
At the microhabitat scale (45 m² cells), differential use of depth, velocity, substrate, and siltation level by all three species during summer low flows was evident. Habitat use characteristics were not transferable, as depths and velocities associated with high fish densities varied between reaches. Univariate and multivariate habitat suitability indices gave similar rankings for combinations of the four habitat variables, but site suitabilities based on these indices were poor predictors of fish abundance. Habitat cells were not selected independently of surrounding habitat characteristics, as fish densities were highest in target cells adjacent to cells with preferred microhabitat characteristics. Roanoke darter and black jumprock abundances were highest at sites where preferred microhabitat patches were non-contiguous while contiguity had no effect on logperch abundance. Multiple regressions showed area of suitable habitat and patch contiguity accounted for 42 %, 34 %, and 33 % of variation in darter, logperch, and jumprock abundances, respectively. Estimates of area of target riffles, area of pools and riffles upstream and downstream of target riffles, and depth, velocity, and substrate characteristics of pools and riffles immediately upstream and downstream of target riffles were obtained. Fish densities were correlated with at least one measure of proximal habitat for all three species. Significant multiple regression models relating fish density to adjacent habitat unit characteristics were also obtained, but the explanatory power of adjacent unit variables varied among small, medium and large riffles and among species. In summary, fish abundance was related to habitat at all spatial scales but explanatory power was limited.Ph. D.
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Orav-Kotta, Helen. "Habitat choice and feeding activity of benthic suspension feeders and mesograzers in the northern Baltic Sea /". Tartu, Estonia : Tartu University Press, 2004. http://dspace.utlib.ee/dspace/bitstream/10062/489/5/Kotta.pdf.
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O'Hare, Matthew Thomas. "Flow preferences of benthic macroinvertebrates in three Scottish rivers". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312705.
Pełny tekst źródłaKsiążki na temat "Benthic habitat"
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T, Malczyk Jeremy, Middleton Tammie J i Geological Survey (U.S.), red. Benthic habitat and faunal surveys of closed area II, central Georges Bank, 1998 and 1999. [Woods Hole, MA]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2001.
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Flint, R. Warren. Niche characterization of dominant estuarine benthic species. College Station, Tex: Sea Grant College Program, Texas A&M University, 1986.
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Hill, Mark Forrest. Spatial models of metapopulations and benthic communities in patchy environments. Woods Hole, Mass: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2000.
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Connecticut Academy of Science and Engineering. Long Island Sound Symposium--a study of benthic habitats. Hartford: Connecticut Academy of Science and Engineering, 2004.
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Bollman, Wease. Bioassessment and habitat evaluation of streams near Elliston, Montana. Missoula, MT: Rhithron Biological Associates, 1999.
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Moore, D. S. Survey of shallow benthic habitat: Eastern shore and Cape Breton, Nova Scotia. Halifax, N.S: Halifax Fisheries Research Laboratory, Biological Sciences Branch, Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans, 1986.
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Strong, M. B. URCHIN: Manually-deployed geo-referenced video system for Underwater Reconnaissance and Coastal Habitat Inventory. St. Andrews, N.B: Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Biological Station, 2004.
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Bollman, Wease. Habitat and bioassessment of the Musselshell River, Montana 1990 and 1997. Missoula, MT: Rhithron Biological Associates, 1999.
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Johnson, Korie A. A review of national and international literature on the effects of fishing on benthic habitats. [Silver Spring, MD]: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, 2002.
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Bollman, Wease. Benthic macroinvertebrate and habitat survey of Big Spring Creek, Fergus County, Montana: 1996. Helena: Montana Dept. of Environmental Quality, 1997.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Benthic habitat"
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Lamarche, Geoffroy, Alan R. Orpin, John S. Mitchell i Arne Pallentin. "Benthic Habitat Mapping". W Biological Sampling in the Deep Sea, 80–102. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118332535.ch5.
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Sebens, K. P. "Habitat structure and community dynamics in marine benthic systems". W Habitat Structure, 211–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3076-9_11.
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"Benthic Habitats and the Effects of Fishing". W Benthic Habitats and the Effects of Fishing, redaktorzy Page C. Valentine, Brian J. Todd i Vladimir E. Kostylev. American Fisheries Society, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569605.ch18.
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<strong><em>Abstract. </em></strong>Habitats are defined as spatially recognizable areas where the physical, chemical, and biological environment is distinctly different from surrounding environments. A habitat can be delimited as narrowly or as broadly as the data and purpose permit, and this flexibility of scale influences the development of habitat classification schemes. Recent habitat classifications focus on a wide range of habitats that occur in European, American, and worldwide seafloor environments. The proposed classification of marine sublittoral habitats is based on recent studies in the American and Canadian parts of northeastern North America using multibeam and side-scan sonar surveys, video and photographic transects, and sediment and biological sampling. A guiding principle in this approach to habitat classification is that it will be useful to scientists and managers of fisheries and the environment. The goal is to develop a practical method to characterize the marine sublittoral (chiefly the subtidal continental shelf and shelf basin) habitats in terms of (1) their topographical, geological, biological, and oceanographical attributes and (2) the natural and anthropogenic processes that affect the habitats. The classification recognizes eight seabed themes (informal units) as the major subject elements of the classification. They are seabed topography, dynamics, texture, grain size, roughness, fauna and flora, habitat association and usage, and habitat recovery from disturbance. Themes include one or many classes of habitat characteristics related to seabed features, fauna and flora, and processes that we view as fundamental for recognizing and analyzing habitats. Within the classes, a sequence of subclasses, categories, and attributes addresses habitat characteristics with increasing detail. Much of the classification is broadly applicable worldwide (excluding some lowlatitude environments), but faunal and floral examples are representative of the northeastern North America region. In naming habitats, the classification emphasizes seabed substrate dynamics, substrate type, and seabed physical and biological complexity. The classification can accommodate new classes, subclasses, categories, and attributes, and it can easily be modified or expanded to address habitats of other regions. It serves as a template for a database that will provide a basis for organizing and comparing habitat information and for recognizing regional habitat types.
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"Benthic Habitats and the Effects of Fishing". W Benthic Habitats and the Effects of Fishing, redaktor K. A. Madley. American Fisheries Society, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569605.ch29.
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A standard, benthic habitat classification system for Florida does not exist. Over fourteen different classification systems have been used with Florida mapping projects to date. This is problematic for efforts to compile statewide habitat area estimates, produce habitat maps for the entire state, or compare habitats across regions. Implementation of a standardized classification system will be a large step toward more reliable characterization of Florida seafloor habitats. The Florida Marine Research Institute has studied the classification systems used throughout Florida and the tropics and subtropics as well as successful efforts in terrestrial habitat characterization. The goal has been to combine appropriate components of a variety of systems to form a hierarchical classification system to propose as a strawman for further testing in Florida. We have formed this scheme with guidance from the Allee et al. 2000 NOAA Technical Memorandum for the purpose of creating a habitat characterization system compatible with the forthcoming national classification system. The Gulf of Mexico program has interest in eventually expanding the Florida classification system to encompass habitats for all of the Gulf states. The goal would then be to coordinate adoption of this classification system to be used by all mapping agencies involved with Gulf of Mexico habitat classification. This would enhance fishery habitat comparisons among Gulf states thus assisting fishery and habitat resource managers.
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Harris, Peter T., i Elaine K. Baker. "Why Map Benthic Habitats?" W Seafloor Geomorphology as Benthic Habitat, 3–22. Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-385140-6.00001-3.
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Harris, Peter T., i Elaine K. Baker. "Why map benthic habitats?" W Seafloor Geomorphology as Benthic Habitat, 3–15. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-814960-7.00001-4.
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"Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation". W Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation, redaktorzy Elliott A. Norse i Les Watling. American Fisheries Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569124.ch5.
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<em>Abstract</em> — The increasing concern about impacts of bottom trawling, scallop dredging, and other mobile fishing methods has focused primarily on effects on commercial fisheries, but these fishing activities also act more broadly on benthic biological diversity. Because the seabed is erroneously envisioned as a featureless, nearly lifeless plain, impacts of commercial fishing gear have long been underestimated. Structures on and in the seabed, including biogenic structures (reef corals, kelp holdfasts, shells, tubes, and tunnels), create a diversity of habitat patches. They provide refuges from predation and feeding places for demersal fishes and other species. Benthic structural complexity is positively correlated with species diversity and postsettlement survivorship of some commercial fishes. Mobile fishing gear disturbs the seabed, damaging benthic structures and harming structure-associated species, including commercially important fishes, although some other commercial fish species can persist where seabed structures have been removed. Bottom trawling is therefore similar to forest clear-cutting, but it is far more extensive and is converting very large areas of formerly structurally complex, biologically diverse seabed into the marine equivalent of low-diversity cattle pasture. In contrast with the U.S. National Forest Management Act, which governs use of living resources in federally owned forestlands, the 1996 Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act does not prevent ecosystem “type conversion” and ignores the need to maintain biological diversity. Preventing further loss of marine biodiversity and key fisheries will depend on our willingness to protect marine areas from effects of mobile fishing methods.
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"Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation". W Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation, redaktorzy Elliott A. Norse i Les Watling. American Fisheries Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569124.ch5.
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<em>Abstract</em> — The increasing concern about impacts of bottom trawling, scallop dredging, and other mobile fishing methods has focused primarily on effects on commercial fisheries, but these fishing activities also act more broadly on benthic biological diversity. Because the seabed is erroneously envisioned as a featureless, nearly lifeless plain, impacts of commercial fishing gear have long been underestimated. Structures on and in the seabed, including biogenic structures (reef corals, kelp holdfasts, shells, tubes, and tunnels), create a diversity of habitat patches. They provide refuges from predation and feeding places for demersal fishes and other species. Benthic structural complexity is positively correlated with species diversity and postsettlement survivorship of some commercial fishes. Mobile fishing gear disturbs the seabed, damaging benthic structures and harming structure-associated species, including commercially important fishes, although some other commercial fish species can persist where seabed structures have been removed. Bottom trawling is therefore similar to forest clear-cutting, but it is far more extensive and is converting very large areas of formerly structurally complex, biologically diverse seabed into the marine equivalent of low-diversity cattle pasture. In contrast with the U.S. National Forest Management Act, which governs use of living resources in federally owned forestlands, the 1996 Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act does not prevent ecosystem “type conversion” and ignores the need to maintain biological diversity. Preventing further loss of marine biodiversity and key fisheries will depend on our willingness to protect marine areas from effects of mobile fishing methods.
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"Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation". W Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation, redaktorzy Michel J. Kaiser, Stuart I. Rogers i Jim R. Ellis. American Fisheries Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569124.ch15.
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<em> Abstract.—</em> Major amendments in 1996 to the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act require fisheries managers to define “essential” fish habitat and address the impact of fishing gear in their management plans. However, before considering what might qualify as essential fish habitat, it is necessary to first understand the association between fish and their habitat. Some studies have already revealed subtle relationships between fishes and sediment type; however, this approach does not quantify habitat complexity. We undertook a large-scale survey of demersal fish populations and benthic communities in the southern North Sea and eastern English Channel. As in other studies, water depth was closely linked to the main dichotomy in assemblage composition. Flatfishes occurred in shallow water, whereas roundfishes and small shark species were found in deeper habitats. Within each of these two sample station groupings, the assemblages dichotomised further on the basis of habitat type and benthic faunal associations. Three further groupings were identified within the deepwater habitat. These groupings were characterized by the presence of rocks, broken shells, or a large biomass of sessile epibenthos. Small shark species were almost exclusive to habitats with shelly substrata. In contrast, the shallow-water habitats were topographically less complex with sessile epibenthos of a smaller biomass. Flatfishes that were visual predators were most closely associated with habitats with some sessile epibenthos, whereas sole <em>Solea solea</em> , which largely locate their prey using chemosensory cues, were more closely associated with the least complex habitat. Although these flatfish habitats are intensively fished by bottom trawls, the characteristic sessile epifauna are relatively fast growing and are probably able to withstand such disturbance. In contrast, the deepwater sessile communities had sessile epifauna of a greater biomass with some slow-growing species that would be more vulnerable to fishing disturbance. However, these habitats are seldom fished using invasive techniques.
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"Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation". W Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation, redaktorzy Michel J. Kaiser, Stuart I. Rogers i Jim R. Ellis. American Fisheries Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569124.ch15.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
<em> Abstract.—</em> Major amendments in 1996 to the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act require fisheries managers to define “essential” fish habitat and address the impact of fishing gear in their management plans. However, before considering what might qualify as essential fish habitat, it is necessary to first understand the association between fish and their habitat. Some studies have already revealed subtle relationships between fishes and sediment type; however, this approach does not quantify habitat complexity. We undertook a large-scale survey of demersal fish populations and benthic communities in the southern North Sea and eastern English Channel. As in other studies, water depth was closely linked to the main dichotomy in assemblage composition. Flatfishes occurred in shallow water, whereas roundfishes and small shark species were found in deeper habitats. Within each of these two sample station groupings, the assemblages dichotomised further on the basis of habitat type and benthic faunal associations. Three further groupings were identified within the deepwater habitat. These groupings were characterized by the presence of rocks, broken shells, or a large biomass of sessile epibenthos. Small shark species were almost exclusive to habitats with shelly substrata. In contrast, the shallow-water habitats were topographically less complex with sessile epibenthos of a smaller biomass. Flatfishes that were visual predators were most closely associated with habitats with some sessile epibenthos, whereas sole <em>Solea solea</em> , which largely locate their prey using chemosensory cues, were more closely associated with the least complex habitat. Although these flatfish habitats are intensively fished by bottom trawls, the characteristic sessile epifauna are relatively fast growing and are probably able to withstand such disturbance. In contrast, the deepwater sessile communities had sessile epifauna of a greater biomass with some slow-growing species that would be more vulnerable to fishing disturbance. However, these habitats are seldom fished using invasive techniques.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Benthic habitat"
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Shields, Jackson, Oscar Pizarro i Stefan B. Williams. "Towards Adaptive Benthic Habitat Mapping". W 2020 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icra40945.2020.9196811.
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Davie, Andrew, Klaas Hartmann, Greg Timms, Martin de Groot i John McCulloch. "Benthic habitat mapping with autonomous underwater vehicles". W OCEANS 2008. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.2008.5151927.
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Vélez-Reyes, Miguel, James A. Goodman, Alexey Castrodad-Carrau, Luis O. Jiménez-Rodriguez, Shawn D. Hunt i Roy Armstrong. "Benthic habitat mapping using hyperspectral remote sensing". W Remote Sensing, redaktorzy Charles R. Bostater, Jr., Xavier Neyt, Stelios P. Mertikas i Miguel Vélez-Reyes. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.692996.
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"ROBUST VIDEO MOSAICING FOR BENTHIC HABITAT MAPPING". W International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0001368603060310.
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Muslim, Aidy M., T. Komatsu i D. Dianachia. "Evaluation of classification techniques for benthic habitat mapping". W SPIE Asia-Pacific Remote Sensing, redaktorzy Robert J. Frouin, Naoto Ebuchi, Delu Pan i Toshiro Saino. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.999305.
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Gauci, Adam, Alan Deidun, John Abela, Ernest Cachia i Sean Dimech. "Automatic Benthic Habitat Mapping using Inexpensive Underwater Drones". W IGARSS 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss39084.2020.9324241.
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Foglini, Federica, Lorenzo Angeletti, Valentina Bracchi, Giovanni Chimienti, Valentina Grande, Ingrid Myrnes Hansen, Agostino N. Meroni i in. "Underwater Hyperspectral Imaging for seafloor and benthic habitat mapping". W 2018 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for the Sea; Learning to Measure Sea Health Parameters (MetroSea). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/metrosea.2018.8657866.
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Ferrini, V. L., H. Singh, M. E. Clarke, W. Wakefield i K. York. "Computer-Assisted Analysis of Near-Bottom Photos for Benthic Habitat Studies". W OCEANS 2006. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.2006.306899.
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Ahsan, Nasir, Stefan B. Williams i Oscar Pizarro. "Robust broad-scale benthic habitat mapping when training data is scarce". W OCEANS 2012 - YEOSU. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans-yeosu.2012.6263540.
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Wicaksono, Pramaditya, i Wahyu Lazuardi. "Random Forest Classification Scenarios for Benthic Habitat Mapping using Planetscope Image". W IGARSS 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2019.8899825.
Pełny tekst źródłaRaporty organizacyjne na temat "Benthic habitat"
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Revelas, Eugene, Craig Jones, Brandon Sackmann i Norman Maher. A Benthic Habitat Monitoring Approach for Marine and Hydrokinetic Sites. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), czerwiec 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1638512.
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Leingang, P., i D. L. Dixson. Integrating terrestrial and benthic habitat quality into coral reef restoration, conservation, and management. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/305886.
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Kostylev, V. E., i B. J. Todd. Shaded seafloor relief and benthic habitat, German Bank, Scotian Shelf, offshore Nova Scotia. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/287288.
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Todd, B. J., V. E. Kostylev i J. Shaw. Benthic habitat and sun-illuminated seafloor topography, Browns Bank, Scotian Shelf, offshore Nova Scotia. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/222388.
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Lucatelli, D., J. M. R. Camargo, C. J. Brown, J. F. Souza-Filho, E. Guedes-Silva i T. C. M. Araújo. Marine geodiversity of northeastern Brazil: a step towards benthic habitat mapping in Pernambuco Continental Shelf. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/305889.
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Bravo, F., J. Grant i J. Barrell. Benthic habitat mapping and sediment nutrient cycling in a shallow coastal environment of Nova Scotia, Canada. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/305422.
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Hommeyer, M., S. Grasty, C. Lembke, S. Locker, J. Brizzolara, J. Gray, E. Hughes, A. Ilich i S. Murawski. Mapping benthic habitat and fish populations on the West Florida Shelf: integration of marine acoustics and towed video technologies. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/305859.
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Jerosch, K., F. K. Scharf, D. Deregibus, G. L. Campana, K. Zacher, H. Pehlke, U. Falk, H. C. Hass, M L Quartino i D. Abele. Habitat modeling as a predictive tool for analyzing spatial shifts in Antarctic benthic communities due to global climate change. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/305870.
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Misiuk, B., i V. Lecours. Mind the scale! Modeling at multiple scales to predict the distribution of sediment grain size for use in benthic habitat mapping. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/305899.
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Bowles, David, Michael Williams, Hope Dodd, Lloyd Morrison, Janice Hinsey, Tyler Cribbs, Gareth Rowell, Michael DeBacker, Jennifer Haack-Gaynor i Jeffrey Williams. Protocol for monitoring aquatic invertebrates of small streams in the Heartland Inventory & Monitoring Network: Version 2.1. National Park Service, kwiecień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284622.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network (HTLN) is a component of the National Park Service’s (NPS) strategy to improve park management through greater reliance on scientific information. The purposes of this program are to design and implement long-term ecological monitoring and provide information for park managers to evaluate the integrity of park ecosystems and better understand ecosystem processes. Concerns over declining surface water quality have led to the development of various monitoring approaches to assess stream water quality. Freshwater streams in network parks are threatened by numerous stressors, most of which originate outside park boundaries. Stream condition and ecosystem health are dependent on processes occurring in the entire watershed as well as riparian and floodplain areas; therefore, they cannot be manipulated independently of this interrelationship. Land use activities—such as timber management, landfills, grazing, confined animal feeding operations, urbanization, stream channelization, removal of riparian vegetation and gravel, and mineral and metals mining—threaten stream quality. Accordingly, the framework for this aquatic monitoring is directed towards maintaining the ecological integrity of the streams in those parks. Invertebrates are an important tool for understanding and detecting changes in ecosystem integrity, and they can be used to reflect cumulative impacts that cannot otherwise be detected through traditional water quality monitoring. The broad diversity of invertebrate species occurring in aquatic systems similarly demonstrates a broad range of responses to different environmental stressors. Benthic invertebrates are sensitive to the wide variety of impacts that influence Ozark streams. Benthic invertebrate community structure can be quantified to reflect stream integrity in several ways, including the absence of pollution sensitive taxa, dominance by a particular taxon combined with low overall taxa richness, or appreciable shifts in community composition relative to reference condition. Furthermore, changes in the diversity and community structure of benthic invertebrates are relatively simple to communicate to resource managers and the public. To assess the natural and anthropo-genic processes influencing invertebrate communities, this protocol has been designed to incorporate the spatial relationship of benthic invertebrates with their local habitat including substrate size and embeddedness, and water quality parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, and turbidity). Rigid quality control and quality assurance are used to ensure maximum data integrity. Detailed standard operating procedures (SOPs) and supporting information are associated with this protocol.