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Adjei, Stephen Baffour. "Conceptualising personhood, agency, and morality for African psychology". Theory & Psychology 29, nr 4 (24.06.2019): 484–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959354319857473.
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One of the functions of psychological science is to develop concepts for thinking about people and their well-being. Since its establishment as a scientific discipline in the late 19th century, psychology has developed concepts that are essentially rooted in the specific spatio-temporal context of Western, Educated, Industrial, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) countries. There is a growing ontological and epistemological awareness that psychological science and practices from WEIRD cultural spaces cannot be exclusively representative of the African experience. I draw from interpersonal violence research to discuss the concepts of personhood, agency, and morality from an African perspective and highlight their theoretical and practical utility for psychological science. Based on African communalism, I argue that an understanding of personhood, agency, and morality as culturally contextualised and socially intentioned phenomena is foundational to the advancement of heterogeneous practices of knowledge production in diverse contexts.
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Naidoo, Pamela, i Basil J. Pillay. "Parasuicide in a General Hospital in South Africa". Psychological Reports 72, nr 3 (czerwiec 1993): 979–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1993.72.3.979.
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The study examined parasuicide behaviour in black (people of African origin) South Africans. The subjects comprised 51 cases of parasuicide, with a mean age of 23.5 yr. (the majority being women), referred over a one-year period. For most patients it was the first parasuicide attempt, and the majority used methods of self-poisoning. In addition, they were mostly single and had experienced early parental loss.
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Govender, Kaymarlin, Arvin Bhana, Kerryn McMurray, Jane Kelly, Linda Theron, Anna Meyer-Weitz, Catherine L. Ward i Mark Tomlinson. "A systematic review of the South African work on the well-being of young people (2000–2016)". South African Journal of Psychology 49, nr 1 (14.02.2018): 52–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0081246318757932.
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Burgeoning research on the well-being of young people in recent years has made it difficult to identify conceptual gaps in the literature. We conducted a review of South African research in this area to better understand the use and measurement of the construct, as well as factors associated with it. The search of multiple databases identified 28 studies published in academic journals between 2000 and 2016. Within this period, studies that referred to well-being and its related subjective components varied significantly in terms of how they defined and operationalised these constructs, resulting in a fragmented body of work. The review highlights the need for a coherent research agenda in this area given the centrality of well-being research in promoting optimal outcomes in young people. Recommendations for strengthening South African research in this area are provided.
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K. Esiaka, Darlingtina, i Glenn Adams. "Epistemic Violence in Research on Eldercare". Psychology and Developing Societies 32, nr 2 (21.08.2020): 176–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971333620936948.
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Decolonial perspectives challenge the notion that standard knowledge in hegemonic psychology is productive of progress and enlightenment. They instead emphasise its association with the colonial violence that constitutes the darker underside of modern development. Our contribution to the special issue applies a decolonial perspective to theory and research on obligation to an elderly parent. Thinking from the standpoint of West African epistemic locations not only illuminates the culture-bound character of standard models but also reveals their foundations in modern individualist selfways. Although modern individualist selfways can liberate well-endowed people to pursue fulfilling relationships and avoid unsatisfying connections with burdensome obligations, these ways of being pose risks of abandonment for people—like many elders—whose requirements for care might constitute a constraint on others’ satisfaction. In contrast, the cultural ecologies of embedded interdependence that inform everyday life in many West African settings afford selfways that emphasise careful maintenance of existing connections. Although these selfways may place constraints on the self-expansive pursuit of satisfying relationships, they provide elders and other vulnerable people with some assurance of support.
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Nel, Kathryn Anne, i Saraswathie Govender. "Existential Positive Psychology (EPP): A Positive Tool for Healing Existential Anxieties in South Africa during, and after, the COVID-19 Pandemic". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, nr 16 (18.08.2022): 10248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610248.
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Globally, humanity is in the grip of the COVID-19 pandemic; thus, we question our individual, and collective, behaviours. Long periods of lockdown and ever-escalating death rates have found people asking questions such as “What is the point of carrying on?” This is exacerbated by the world’s burgeoning ecological crisis. Humanity is beginning to wonder if it belongs on the planet when its footprint has caused such rampant destruction to forests, oceans, the animal kingdom, and other ecological entities. Existential positive psychology (EPP) seeks to uncover truths about humankind’s existence, survival, and, thus, meaning in life. We, as people, need to make sense of our reason for being as we struggle with our anxieties and seek to become authentic. This discussion paper contends that EPP can help humanity find the courage to challenge, and heal, its existential anxieties, namely, death, isolation, freedom, and meaningless, in order to find individual and group identities, as well as overall mental wellness (or happiness), specifically in a South African context, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The writings of Wong, who works within the framework of EPP, and those of Frankl, a holocaust survivor, whose work falls within the scope of humanistic and existential psychology and Asante’s Afrocentrism, which is a philosophical framework grounded on the African continent, are used to support this argument.
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Bakaraki, Myrto Patagia, Theofanis Dourbois i Alexandra Kosiva. "Attachment theory across cultures: An examination of cross-cultural perspectives and alloparenting practices (Mini-Review)". Brazilian Journal of Science 3, nr 8 (28.06.2024): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/bjs.v3i8.616.
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Attachment theory initially put forth by Bowlby is a basis for comprehending the emergence and importance of emotional bonds between infants and their caretakers. However, contemporary studies have increasingly highlighted the necessity for accounting for cultural contexts in attachment dynamics. This paper aims at investigating all aspects of attachment theory using a cross-cultural perspective to find out how cultural norms and customs influence relationships of attachment. In particular, it is based on an explanation of the concept of alloparenting which implies that caregiving duties are distributed among more than one member in a community. The author compares Western and non-Western child-rearing practices including examples from such societies as Aka foragers located in Africa or Beng people in West Africa among others thereby revealing the wide range of different kinds of relationships formed as attachments by humans. Furthermore, it also probes how this affects child development, family structures, and societal values regarding culture-specific ways that children attach to primary caregivers through understanding themselves as culturally specific and thus not universal. By synthesizing experiential research and speculative platforms, this paper enhances our comprehension of attachment theory in terms of cultural diversity, stressing the significance of including cultural viewpoints in developmental psychology research as well as its everyday use.
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van Rensburg, Angelique C., Linda C. Theron i Michael Ungar. "Using the CYRM-28 With South African Young People: A Factor Structure Analysis". Research on Social Work Practice 29, nr 1 (14.06.2017): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049731517710326.
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Purpose: The factor structure of the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-28) was originally established using a Canadian sample. This factor structure was not confirmed in a study with New Zealand youth. Given such variability, the current study investigated the factor structure of the CYRM-28 in a sample of Sesotho-speaking South African youth who participated in Pathways to Resilience Study. Method: Using latent variable modeling, we tested six varied models in two randomly selected samples ( n1 = 559; n2 = 578). Results: Fit statistics indicated that a three-factor variation of the New Zealand model, namely, individual, family/relational, and composite context, fitted best. The contextual composite synthesizes the CYRM-28 clusters that measure social skills, educational, spiritual, community, and cultural resources. Conclusion: The contextual composite reflects traditional African ways of being. Accordingly, understanding the factor structure of the CYRM-28 precedes practitioner capacity to promote resilience in an evidence-informed way.
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Palmer, Geraldine, Todd Rogers i Nathanial Wilkins. "INVESTIGATING HISTORICAL TRAUMA PREVALENCE AND TRANSMISSION PATHWAYS AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS: CENTERING COMMUNITY WELLNESS PRACTICES". Psychological Thought 16, nr 1 (30.04.2023): 16–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/psyct.v16i1.699.
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Existing historical trauma studies have advanced important theoretical frameworks for understanding biopsychosocial effects observed among children of Holocaust survivors and contemporary Indigenous Peoples. This study used an existing application of historical trauma conceptualized as historical perceived loss and associated symptoms of that perceived loss such as grief, anger, sadness and depression to determine prevalence and correlates of historical loss among 129 African Americans aged 18 to over 65 from Illinois and Florida in the United States. The respondents also completed a survey to identify potential historical trauma transmission pathways. The results indicated respondents reported they thought about historical losses such as land, language, and spiritual ways at least yearly or at special times and sometimes or more had feelings or associated symptoms of historical loss such as sadness or depression or being uncomfortable around White people. Bivariate and multivariate correlational analyses showed significantly statistical differences between age and historical loss and associated symptoms where younger respondents had more frequent thoughts about historical loss and experienced more associated emotions, which was unexpected. A correlation was also found between occasionally hearing family stories of enslavement and discrimination and thoughts of historical loss
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VAN DONGEN, ELS. "Remembering in times of misery: can older people in South Africa ‘get through’?" Ageing and Society 25, nr 4 (30.06.2005): 525–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x05003806.
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This paper reports a study of the situations of disadvantaged older people in contemporary South African townships. It draws from their own accounts that were collected through ethnographic research in day centres and care homes. Most of the informants had experienced a succession of serious material, psychological, social and cultural losses. Their lives had been characterised by violence, inequality, disruption and poverty. A dominant theme in their accounts is that they can hardly ‘get through’ their lives. Their thankless, even alienated, situations are not only a function of personal losses but also have much to do with the recent political and social history of South Africa. The colonial and Apartheid eras have by and large been excluded from the country's collective memory, with the result that older people's experiences of those times are not valued as affirmational reminiscence or for shaping a kin group's common identity. Expressed recollections have acquired a different function, of being a means of articulating moral judgements on the present. The result is that memories, rather than bringing the generations together, have the opposite effect and widen the gap in understanding between the older and younger generations. This in turn has serious effects on older people's wellbeing. The silencing of memories reflects the society's radical break with the past, which has made it difficult for younger people to mourn or sympathise with older people's losses. While far from helpless victims, many of the older township residents lack meaningful frames by which to locate themselves in contemporary South African society.
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Holosko, Michael J., Harold E. Briggs i Keva M. Miller. "Do Black Lives Really Matter—To Social Work? Introduction to the Special Edition". Research on Social Work Practice 28, nr 3 (17.05.2017): 272–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049731517706551.
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This article presents and summarizes the special issue entitled: Practice, Research, and Scholarship on African American. The authors examine the professions’ contradictory actions in partnering with African American scholars, communities, and people to achieve its social justice and civil rights mission. It reintroduces the reader of this collection to June Gary Hopps who originally rung the clarion call to action about the profession’s waffling nature regarding African Americans. The authors overview the collection, which depicts the professions’ lack of focus on issues of race, African American well-being, and oppression experiences. This issue unravels the role played by social work in its meager attention to the plight of African American leaders and faculty, their achievements, and challenges. It also conveys the realities of too few research studies on key issues impacting African Americans. This article concludes with a nudge to the reader to weigh the evidence contained in this serial.
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Franco, Marisa G., i Olivia L. Holmes. "Biracial Group Membership Scale". Journal of Black Psychology 43, nr 5 (30.06.2016): 435–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095798416657260.
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With individuals of mixed African heritage increasingly identifying as Biracial, it is important to determine whether Black people continue to perceive Biracial people as members of their community. The status of Biracial individuals within the Black community has implications for the political power of the Black community and also for Biracial individuals’ racial identity development and well-being. Thus, the purpose of this study was to create a psychometrically sound measure to assess the degree to which Black people accept Biracial people as members of the Black community: the Biracial Group Membership Scale. Factor analyses were conducted with 328 Black adults. Exploratory factor analysis revealed two factors: Rejection of Biracial People and Forced Black Identity. A confirmatory factor analysis provided support for the initial factor structure. The scale related to the Attitudes Toward Multiracial Children Scale, essentialism, and items assessing interactions with Biracial individuals. Limitations, suggestions for future research, and implications are discussed.
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Botha, M. P., i D. P. van Vuuren. "Reactions of Black and white Children to TV Violence in South Africa: 1987–1991". South African Journal of Psychology 23, nr 2 (czerwiec 1993): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124639302300204.
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Violence became an upsetting factor within the socio-political realities of South Africa and the struggle for and against apartheid: thousands of people have lost their lives in political violence since the 1980s. Due to severe media restrictions under the emergency regulations in the 1980s, the exact nature of township violence and police actions were seldom shown on local television or reported in the press. Since 2 February 1990 with the repeal of the media regulations, images of mass action, township violence and clashes between the police and demonstrators became an everyday reality on South African television screens. In this transitional society, a new world with a definite culture of violence, issues such as the reactions of black and white adolescents, to scenes of violence and interracial conflict in local television broadcasts were investigated in a research project amongst adolescents from 52 areas in Johannesburg and Pretoria. The correspondence between initial levels of aggression and perceptions regarding fictional and non-fictional programme contents (being measured by means of questionnaires), as well as the differences between the perceptions of the whites and blacks regarding the programme contents, were investigated. It seems that regarding the non-fictional portrayal of violence in the South African media, white adolescents are more desensitized than black adolescents who live within these conditions every day. Black adolescents may enjoy fictional programmes with physical violence more than white adolescents, but they experience more anxiety during exposure to non-fictional portrayals of events similar to the realities in the townships. They therefore tend to rate the level of violence depicted in news broadcasts higher than white adolescents. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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Silvério, Valter Roberto. "the brownies’ book: du bois e a construção de uma referência literária para identidade negra infanto-juvenil". childhood & philosophy 17 (23.07.2021): 01–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/childphilo.2021.58430.
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In the period from January 1920 to December 1921 a cooperation between Jessie Fauset, Augustus Dill and W.E.B. Du Bois resulted in the publication of a periodical called “The Brownies’ Book” (TBB) the first publication for North American black, and not white (colored people) children and young people. The creation of “The Brownies' Book” (TBB) was a pioneering event in African American literature in general and, more specifically, in the field of African American children's literature, as it was the first periodical composed and published by African Americans for black children who, until then, searched in vain for material that included a perspective on their experience and history. This article argues that the TBBs were one of the harbingers of the movement called the Harlem Renaissance, constituting a children's literary materialization of the path towards the emergence of what the philosopher Alain Locke called the New Negro. What was being formulated was both the deconstruction of stereotypes associated with blacks and the active projection/creation of a positive identification with their local and ancestral community. This paper seeks to identify the post-WWI discursive strategies and practices of de-racialization proposed for “the children of the sun”, as W.E.B. Du Bois called them, in order to stop seeing themselves “through the eyes of others” (Du Bois, 1903).
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Agunyai, Samuel Chukwudi, i Victor Ojakorotu. "Disability and Children as Begging Guides: For how Long Shall Children be Used as Begging Guides by Visually Impaired Persons in Africa?" Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment 9, nr 6 (8.12.2021): 601–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2021.09.06.4.
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This study examines the effect of using children as begging guides by people with sensory disabilities in Africa. It argues that in some African countries, visually impaired persons, especially parents and relatives, have devised the strategy of abusing their children or someone very close to them as begging guides for financial gain. While this strategy has remained a recurrent problem with severe social, economic, political, and legal implications, scientific research on addressing these implications is scarce. Given this, the article examines the rationale for using children as begging guides, its effects on the children and visually impaired parents, and mitigation strategies against abuse of children as begging guides in Africa. The qualitative research design based on key informant interviews (KIIs) complemented social exclusion and childhood theoretical underpinnings of the study. Results from (KIIs) showed that poverty, religion, cultural beliefs, financial profiteering, poor governance, breakdown in policy implementation against begging are among the rationale why children are abused and used as begging guides. The results also showed that these children experience low academic performance in school, harassment, psychological trauma, health complications from laborious trekking. At the same time, their visually impaired parents suffer from regrets and guilt of not being able to provide good parental care to their children. It concludes that good rehabilitation, vocational programmes, and prompt government supports for people with sensory disabilities would lessen the abuse and use of children as begging guides in Africa.
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Dubke, Rachel E., i Patrick W. Corrigan. "Intersectionality, Gender, and the Self-Stigma of Mental Illness". Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 40, nr 2 (kwiecień 2021): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2021.40.2.145.
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Introduction: This study sought to examine self-stigma at the intersection of two identities: mental illness and gender. Methods: Using an MTurk panel, 100 self-identified men and women with and without mental illness (total N = 400) completed the Difference and Disdain Self-Stigma Scale. Results: Significant effects were found for mental illness (participants with mental illness reported greater perceptions of being different from the population and disdain themselves because of that) but not for gender or the interaction. Discussion: Failure to find intersectionality may reflect classic findings from social psychological research that suggests people do not necessarily diminish self-esteem because of socio-demographic identity (I am a woman or African American). Future studies need to test for an intersection effect for public stigma.
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Van Wijk, Charles H. "Adult ADHD in the South African workplace: the usefulness of a self-report screening measure and preliminary prevalence estimates". South African Journal of Psychology 50, nr 2 (15.08.2019): 262–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0081246319870780.
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In the South African context, resource constraints often preclude the comprehensive assessment of large numbers of people for the likelihood of Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Primary screening through a self-report measure may be useful to stream at-risk individuals towards diagnostic assessment services, as well as being useful in population and workplace based research. The present study set out, first, to investigate the usefulness of a self-report ADHD scale to identify at-risk individuals, and, second, to provide preliminary prevalence estimates for Adult ADHD, guided by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) criteria, in a South African workplace sample. Workers in full-time skilled employment ( N = 1,917), aged 18–44, completed a self-report Adult ADHD scale, and participated in an interview with a psychologist. Their scale data, using three different scoring and interpretation systems, were subjected to statistical analysis. Favourable internal reliability and positive predictive validity were found. Different interpretation systems provided different prevalence estimations: using DSM-5 criteria, a total prevalence estimate of 3.3 % was calculated (attention deficit subtype = 0.9%, hyperactivity-impulsivity subtype = 1.0%, and combined subtype = 1.4%). The positive predictive validity found with this sample suggests that this scale can be used constructively in research or screening contexts to identify at-risk individuals. Furthermore, preliminary prevalence estimates for Adult ADHD, guided by DSM-5 criteria, are now available for a South African workplace sample.
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Lesch, Elmien, i Alberta SJ van der Watt. "Living single: A phenomenological study of a group of South African single women". Feminism & Psychology 28, nr 3 (sierpień 2018): 390–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959353517731435.
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Worldwide, societies continue to privilege the ideology of couplehood to the detriment of other relationship states, like singlehood, that are steadily increasing in number. Furthermore, according to developmental psychology theory, the formation of a committed romantic relationship is viewed as an important psychosocial developmental task in adulthood. It is therefore not surprising that women’s experience of being single has generally been neglected by psychological theory and research. Situated in a feminist-phenomenological perspective, this study explored the experiences of tertiary-educated, child-free, never-married, White, South African women between the ages of 30 and 40. Giorgi’s descriptive-phenomenological method was used to analyse the individual interview data. In this article, we discuss four of the prominent themes that best reflect the collective views and multi-faceted experiences of the participants: singlehood brings both freedom and loneliness; career as both fulfilment and singlehood coping mechanism; committed partners as sources of both restriction and connection; and hoping for a committed relationship. We highlight how the notion of a committed sexual relationship as the ultimate relationship that provides effortless connectedness and companionship underpins all of these themes. We argue that alternative discourses and mechanisms of connection that accommodate people who live as single adults, should be fostered.
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Fontana, Mónica, Francesca Peverelli i Mauro Giacomazzi. "Collaboration in East Africa: A Contextual Definition". Education Sciences 12, nr 10 (14.10.2022): 706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci12100706.
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Collaboration is a crucial skill for the improvement of educational outcomes in adolescents. Culture affects the way people collaborate to solve problems, share challenges, and make decisions. Yet, there are only a few studies conducted in the African context that investigate local understandings of the concept of collaboration. This article aimed at investigating the concept of collaboration in the East African context and how this resonates with the local culture. The approach used to develop this study is the qualitative comparative method. One of the most relevant results from these analyses is working together or staying together as frequently used definitions of collaboration. The local definition of collaboration underscores a dimension related to being with another person; for the East African population, collaboration can be described as a way of living and facing reality in a community while being accompanied by others.
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Potgieter, Ingrid L., i Nadia Ferreira. "Personality preference facets and self-regulatory employability of human resource professionals". South African Journal of Psychology 48, nr 1 (7.02.2017): 142–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0081246316685934.
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Scholars interested in investigating the career well-being of employees have reported that employability includes a number of person-centred constructs needed to deal effectively with career-related changes in today’s economy. This study explored the relationship between employees’ self-regulatory employability skills and personality preference facets. A convenience sample ( N = 196) of predominantly female (73%), Black African people (88%) in the early stages of their careers (80% < 45 years) participated in the study. A cross-sectional, quantitative research design approach was followed. Descriptive statistics, Pearson product–moment correlations, and canonical correlation analysis were performed to achieve the objective of this study. The results yielded significant associations between the variables. The findings add new insights that may be useful for theoretical views on the personality preference facets underpinning employees’ self-regulatory employability skills.
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Mapitsa, Caitlin Blaser, i Tara Polzer Ngwato. "Rooting Evaluation Guidelines in Relational Ethics: Lessons From Africa". American Journal of Evaluation 41, nr 3 (16.09.2019): 404–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098214019859652.
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As global discussions of evaluation standards become more contextually nuanced, culturally responsive conceptions of ethics have not been sufficiently discussed. In academic social research, ethical clearance processes have been designed to protect vulnerable people from harm related to participation in a research project. This article expands the ambit of ethical protection thinking and proposes a relational ethics approach for evaluation practitioners. This centers an analysis of power relations among and within all the different stakeholder groups in order to establish, in a context-specific manner, which stakeholders are vulnerable and in need of protection. The approach also contextualizes the nature of “the public good,” as part of an ethical consideration of interest trade-offs during evaluations. The discussion is informed by our experiences in African contexts and speaks to the “Made in Africa” research agenda but is also relevant to other global contexts where alternatives to “developed country” ontological assumptions about the roles of researchers and participations and the nature of vulnerability are being reconsidered.
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Suen, Leslie W., Mitchell R. Lunn, Katie Katuzny, Sacha Finn, Laura Duncan, Jae Sevelius, Annesa Flentje i in. "What Sexual and Gender Minority People Want Researchers to Know About Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Questions: A Qualitative Study". Archives of Sexual Behavior 49, nr 7 (1.09.2020): 2301–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10508-020-01810-y.
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Abstract Sexual and gender minority (SGM) people—including members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer communities—are understudied and underrepresented in research. Current sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) questions do not sufficiently engage SGM people, and there is a critical gap in understanding how SOGI questions reduce inclusion and accurate empirical representation. We conducted a qualitative study to answer the question, “For SGM people, what are the major limitations with current SOGI questions?” Focus groups probed reactions to SOGI questions adapted from prior national surveys and clinical best practice guidelines. Questions were refined and presented in semi-structured cognitive interviews. Template analysis using a priori themes guided analysis. There were 74 participants: 55 in nine focus groups and 19 in cognitive interviews. Participants were diverse: 51.3% identified as gender minorities, 87.8% as sexual minorities, 8.1% as Hispanic/Latinx, 13.5% as Black or African-American, and 43.2% as Non-white. Two major themes emerged: (1) SOGI questions did not allow for identity fluidity and complexity, reducing inclusion and representation, and (2) SOGI question stems and answer choices were often not clear as to which SOGI dimension was being assessed. To our knowledge, this represents the largest body of qualitative data studying SGM perspectives when responding to SOGI questions. We present recommendations for future development and use of SOGI measures. Attention to these topics may improve meaningful participation of SGM people in research and implementation of such research within and for SGM communities.
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Regis, Keith Emanuelle Matias, i Maria Cristina Francisco. "A noção de Corpo para o povo Yorubá: Guianças para uma prática de Psicologia Corporal / The notion of Body for the Yorùbá people: Guidelines for a practice of Body Psychology". REVISTA LATINO-AMERICANA DE PSICOLOGIA CORPORAL 8, nr 12 (28.12.2021): 16–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/rlapc.v8i12.123.
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Resumo: Este trabalho pretende apresentar compreensões e experiências com o corpo na cosmopercepção yorùbá que possam redirecionar e guiar o desenvolvimento de uma psicologia corporal direcionada à população negra na diáspora brasileira. Para isso, proporcionou-se um caminhar pela noção de ser humano, a partir de tradições yorùbá, que nos aproximou da ideia de cosmopercepção, unidade, extencionismo e multifuncionalidade, trazendo o corpo como via de acesso às emoções, memórias, espiritualidade, ancestralidade e energia. Esses caminhos, nos fizeram perceber a importância da respiração, oralidade, ritmo e da conexão com partes do nosso corpo, fundamentais dentro da concepção yorùbá de ser humano, ampliando e trazendo novos modos de pensar conceitos fundamentais dentro da perspectiva da Análise Bioenergética, como corpo, espiritualidade e energia. Permitindo, assim, conduzir uma prática psicológica direcionado à população negra, que esteja enraizada em conhecimentos africanos e possam conduzir uma experiência de libertação e potência de vida.Palavras-Chave: Corpo; povo yorùbá; psicologia corporal; afrocentricidade. Abstract: This work intends to present understandings and experiences with the body in the Yorùbá cosmoperception that can redirect and guide the development of a body psychology aimed at the black population in the Brazilian diaspora. For this, a walk through the notion of human being was provided, from Yorùbá traditions, which brought us closer to the idea of cosmoperception, unity, extensionism and multifunctionality, bringing the body as a way of access to emotions, memories, spirituality, ancestry and energy. These paths made us realize the importance of breathing, orality, rhythm and connection with parts of our body, which are fundamental within the Yorùbá conception of the human being, expanding and bringing new ways of thinking fundamental concepts within the perspective of Bioenergetic Analysis, as the body , spirituality and energy. Thus, allowing the conduct of a psychological practice aimed at the black population, which is rooted in African knowledge and can lead to an experience of liberation and potential for life. keywords: Body; Yorùbá people; body psychology; afrocentricity.
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Wilczek-Rużyczka, Ewa, Celestyna Grzywniak, Maciej Korab i Ksenia Cielebąk. "ERPS AS AN INDEX OF IMPAIRED WORKING MEMORY IN AN ISCHEMIC BRAIN STROKE APHASIC PATIENT AWAKENED FROM A LONG-TERM COMA FOLLOWING AN AMPHETAMINE OVERDOSE". Acta Neuropsychologica 19, nr 2 (14.03.2021): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.8032.
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Nowadays, amphetamines constitute the prescription drugs most commonly abused by adolescents and young adults (Berman, O’Neill, Fears et al. 2008). The prevalence of problematic (mainly illegal) use of amphetamines as a stimulant by college students, and here especially before serious examinations, has also been rising. This fact represents a serious public health concern. The patient, aged 19, was awakened from from a long-term coma that had lasted 21 days following an amphetamine overdose and manifested tetraparesis, cortical blindness and deficits in cognitive and emotional processes. After a year of rehabilitation the majority of symptoms had disappeared, but cortical blindness andworking memory deficits remained. In addition, frontal lobe syndrome symptoms appeared. After two years of therapy as a result of immense tiredness caused by all an night wedding reception she started to manifest Charles-Bonnet syndrome. She experienced strange visual sensations such as visual hallucinations and saw various non-existing shapes (coloured blots, patterns and fireworks of vivid colours). She also saw objects (often terrifying) as well as animals (mainly African) and people with deformed faces and long teeth, and persons in African dress with feathers and coral beads in their hair. Her real identity was not remembered by the patient for longer than 2 hours and even then she insisted on being referred to as Shakira. She was given a qEEG examination (in open and closed eyes conditions) and ERPs with the use of auditory stimuli at the period when the hallucinations (to a small degree) still occurred. Studies conducted into the functional neuroimaging of the brain work in milliseconds in the examined patient can explain her symptoms. A comparison of the subject’s ERPs with the grand average of ERPs in healthy controls shows that the N170 and N 250 components are impaired in the subject: the occipital-temporal area of the subject brain shows a strong positivity instead of negativities. This positivity might reflect an enhanced reactivity of neurons in the corresponding area induced by the removal of lateral inhibition from the neurons as a result of local damage. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Ebersöhn, Liesel, i Marlize Malan-Van Rooyen. "Making the Most of Culture and Context". International Journal of Qualitative Methods 17, nr 1 (1.10.2018): 160940691879843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1609406918798434.
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Research aimed at generating evidence to address elicitation challenges that arise because of extreme inequality and marginalized perspectives requires deliberation on relevant methodologies that can elicit insights by both revering marginalized sociocultural strengths and being sensitive to power imbalances. In this article, we provide examples of participatory methods that make the most of often silenced non-Western sociocultural strengths and create opportunities for participation despite barriers due to inequality. The examples emerged from multiple researcher journals and visual data from a study that documented indigenous psychology on resilience with elders ( n = 24; male = 10, female = 14) and young people ( n = 48; male = 21, female = 27) in two remote Southern African border communities. We describe the examples of elicitation methods to make the most of culture using (i) symbols that reflect nonmainstream sociocultural perspectives, (ii) familiar multiliteracies, (iii) a variety of spoken languages, and (iv) familiar collectivist modes, as well as contextual characteristics to (i) equalize opportunity given structural disparity, (ii) equalize power, and (iii) honor gender and age hierarchies. We conclude that methods for indigenous research can honor and leverage marginalized cultures and contexts to extend beyond sympathy for an oppressed worldview or a context of deprivation.
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Washington (Mwata Kairi), Kevin. "Journey to Authenticity: Afrikan Psychology as an Act of Social Justice Honoring Afrikan Humanity". Journal of Humanistic Psychology 60, nr 4 (18.05.2020): 503–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022167820917232.
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The proper healing of a people is difficult without a correct understanding of those peoples’ experiences and their worldview. This is very true with respect to the healing of the shattered consciousness and fractured identity of what has been called the transatlantic slave trade encountered by Afrikan people in America and throughout the Afrikan Diaspora. My journey into healing the wounds of racism and oppression began when I was called a “nigger” in 1971 in first grade. Years of studying Black/Afrikan history and being informed by Black psychologists would inspire me to conceptualize racism as a mental disorder that should be classified as such in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual. Moreover, I advance a distinct psychology ( Ubuntu psychology/psychotherapy) of healing psychic trauma of Afrikans in America as well as throughout the diaspora and on the continent of Afrika.
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Nakasujja, Noeline, Seggane Musisi, James Walugembe i Daphne Wallace. "Psychiatric disorders among the elderly on non-psychiatric wards in an African setting". International Psychogeriatrics 19, nr 4 (30.04.2007): 691–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610207005418.
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Background: The elderly are vulnerable to illness and particularly to psychiatric illness. Many mentally ill elderly patients end up on non-psychiatric wards owing to somatization of their illnesses. Even for these patients, a psychiatric diagnosis may not be made. The literature on the elderly in Uganda is very scanty. This study aims to establish the prevalence and factors associated with psychiatric disorders among elderly patients admitted to non-psychiatric wards.Methods: We carried out a descriptive cross-sectional study of 127 consenting elderly patients. They were administered a standardized questionnaire comprising the Self Reporting Questionnaire 25, the Mini-mental State Examination and the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV. Study variables included socio-demographic characteristics, physical illnesses, psychiatric disorders and the treatment given.Results: The rate of psychiatric morbidity was 48%. The sex ratio was 1:1; however, women had a higher rate of psychiatric illness than men, 54.6% and 41.3% respectively. Being widowed or separated and having cancer were associated with SRQ > 5, p = 0.02 and p = 0.04 respectively. Depressive disorders were the most common at 25.2% and were more common in women. Increasing age was associated with dementia (p < 0.00).Conclusion: There is a high rate of psychiatric morbidity among the elderly in Uganda. Particular attention should be given to the psychological health of elderly people admitted to general hospitals.
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Salerno, Jessica M., Liana C. Peter-Hagene i Alexander C. V. Jay. "Women and African Americans are less influential when they express anger during group decision making". Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 22, nr 1 (16.05.2017): 57–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430217702967.
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Expressing anger can signal that someone is certain and competent, thereby increasing their social influence—but does this strategy work for everyone? After assessing gender- and race-based emotion stereotypes (Study 1), we assessed the effect of expressing anger on social influence during group decision making as a function of gender (Studies 2–3) and race (Study 3). Participants took part in a computerized mock jury decision-making task, during which they read scripted comments ostensibly from other jurors. A “holdout” juror always disagreed with the participant and four other confederate group members. We predicted that the contextual factor of who expressed emotion would trump what was expressed in determining whether anger is a useful persuasion strategy. People perceived all holdouts expressing anger as more emotional than holdouts who expressed identical arguments without anger. Yet holdouts who expressed anger (versus no anger) were less effective and influential when they were female (but not male, Study 2) or Black (but not White, Study 3)—despite having expressed identical arguments and anger. Although anger expression made participants perceive the holdouts as more emotional regardless of race and gender, being perceived as more emotional was selectively used to discredit women and African Americans. These diverging consequences of anger expression have implications for societally important group decisions, including life-and-death decisions made by juries.
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Danisi, Carmelo. "Promoting Human Rights Through the EU External Action: An Empty Vessel for Sexual Minorities?" European Foreign Affairs Review 22, Issue 3 (1.10.2017): 341–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eerr2017029.
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Sexual minorities’ rights are increasingly included in the EU internal as well as external agenda. While the EU normative framework and its internal developments seem to be dominated by the value of equality, doubts arise on the rationale underlying the EU external action. All institutions are indeed involved in this field. While the Commission is called to monitor issues relating to sexual orientation and gender identity in accession countries, the Council has issued specific Guidelines and the EU Parliament has in turn raised specific concerns in its dialogue with African partners. Although these attempts are welcomed for stressing the need to protect a ‘vulnerable’ group in countries where they have no guarantees, a ‘selective’ non-discrimination approach seems to emerge in most actions having an external dimension. This approach contradicts the EU internal developments and may eventually risk being ineffective and counterproductive for targeted people. Considering the international trend in human rights law towards the recognition of the full spectrum of human rights irrespective of one’s sexual orientation or gender identity, this article posits the need for a significant change in the EU external approach in this field.
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Hensel, Devon J., i Lucia F. O’Sulliban. "What makes them last? Predicting time to relationship dissolution in adolescent women’s intimate relationships with male partners". Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 39, nr 2 (30.01.2022): 393–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02654075211036516.
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Adolescents acquire important intimacy and communication skills in their relationships that contribute to relationship longevity. Yet we know relatively little about which factors help relationships endure. Objective: This study tracked adolescent women’s ( N = 387; 14–17 years) relationships from onset to dissolution to assess factors that contribute to relationship length. Prior relationship experience, relationship characteristics, and current relationship behaviors were assessed as contributors. Method: A sample of 387 female adolescents (89% African American) were recruited from three primary care adolescent health clinics serving lower- to middle-income families in a large Midwestern city. All were interviewed every 3 months about ongoing relationships. The main outcome measure was time to dissolution. Results: The average relationship lasted 5.87 months ( SD = 11.76). Greater numbers and more time spent in prior relationships were associated with longer duration of the current relationship. Being older, having more status changes during the relationship (promotions and demotions), and reporting greater relationship quality, sexual communication, and sexual autonomy were associated with significantly longer time to breakup. Conclusions: Research to date has not tracked specific relationship timelines. In line with a developmental tasks perspective, this study provides new insights into the value of adolescent women’s past relationship experiences, measures of aging and accrued experience, as well as current relationship characteristics and behaviors to the development of relationship maintenance skills. These findings have educational and clinical implications as they inform programming initiatives designed to help young people establish healthy, consensual intimate relationships.
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Kakarla, Dr Ujjwala. "Psychological Realism in the Arrow of God --- Chinua Achebe". Saudi Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 8, nr 09 (17.09.2023): 284–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjhss.2023.v08i09.006.
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Chinua Achebe’s, the third novel, Arrow of God centralizes around the struggle for power and authority between the African and Colonial traditions. Ezeulu, the Chief Priest of God Ulu is the protagonist who is in quest of wielding an absolute power throughout the novel. It is the study of psychology of power which incessantly switches directions, but can never be wholly acquired or seized. Achebe wavers between representing the good sides and bad sides of Christianity and Igbo religion reflecting his own ambivalence and split consciousness. To apply Freud’s theory to Achebe, we can say that Achebe had a wish to become English-like and to run away from everything that is native. On the other hand, a part of him rejects the white standards and clings to native ones. These two wishes overlap and integrate in his unconscious producing a creative writer whose ego-ideals are revealed in his writings wavering between the two cultures and their languages. His novel, Arrow of God criticizes and praises both his people and his colonizers simultaneously because of not being able to identify with either. Achebe’s own unconscious is reflected through the central character, Ezeulu who is also fascinated by the power of white man and his customs. The criticism of his native people never disturbed his mind. He goes against his obligations least concerning and considers his power as a device to accomplish his decisions. Towards the end of the novel, we witness him alienated both from his native culture and his white friends succumbing to tragedy. The Psychological Realism in the Arrow of God represents Freud’s three elements of personality - id, ego and superego controlling the basic needs, reality and morality. The mind is not the physical thing one can see through, but the effects of the actions of the mind on people’s lives are felt physically in the novel. Each character undergoes an unconscious thought process leading to anxiety and the eventual repression of thoughts.
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Akanji, Babatunde, Chima Mordi, Ruth Simpson, Toyin Ajibade Adisa i Emeka Smart Oruh. "Time biases: exploring the work–life balance of single Nigerian managers and professionals". Journal of Managerial Psychology 35, nr 2 (25.02.2020): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmp-12-2018-0537.
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PurposeThis study investigates the overarching ideology of work–life balance (WLB) or conflict as predominantly being a work–family affair. Based on a Nigerian study, and using organisational justice as a theoretical lens, it explores perceived fairness in accessing family-friendly policies by managers and professionals who are single and do not have children – a workgroup conventionally ignored in research on WLB.Design/methodology/approachRelying on an interpretivist approach, the data set comprises of interviews with 24 bank managers and 20 medical doctors working in Nigeria.FindingsThe authors’ findings highlight employers' misconceptions concerning the non-work preferences and commitments of singles as well as an undervaluation by employers of their non-work time. Conceptualised as “time biases”, such time is routinely invaded by the organisation, with profound implications for perceptions of fairness. This fosters backlash behaviours with potential detrimental effects in terms of organisational effectiveness.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is limited to investigating the WLB of singles in high-status roles, namely banking and medical careers. Future research may examine the experiences of a more diverse range of occupations. The sample comprises heterosexual, never-married professionals, whose experiences may differ from other categories of single workers, such as childless divorced people, widows, non-heterosexual singles and partners who have no children.Practical implicationsIn order to avoid counterproductive behaviours in the workplace, WLB policies should not only focus on those with childcare concerns. Inclusive work–life policies for other household structures, such as single-persons, are necessary for improving overall organisational well-being.Originality/valueThe majority of WLB studies have been undertaken in Western and Asian contexts, to the neglect of the Sub-Saharan African experience. Additionally, research tends to focus on WLB issues on the part of working parents, overlooking the difficulties faced by singles.
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Naidoo, Pamela, i Kelvin Mwaba. "Helplessness, Depression, and Social Support Among People Being Treated for Tuberculosis in South Africa". Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 38, nr 10 (1.11.2010): 1323–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2010.38.10.1323.
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Based on the outcome of a previous qualitative study in the same setting it was hypothesized that assessing the prevalence and severity of helplessness and depression, and the quality of social support among people with tuberculosis (TB) may provide indicators of how to provide interventions to enhance their quality of life. Building on the results of previous research it was found that among people with TB who were attending a public health clinic in the Cape Metropole area of South Africa the psychosocial factors that had a negative influence on adherence to the Directly Observed Short Course program were feelings of helplessness (10.9% of the group in the study), depression (64.3%), and inadequate social support. The majority of participants received the most social support from their close relatives. These findings indicate that the assessment and treatment programs at this health site should also be focused on screening for depression and providing necessary interventions where appropriate. Ultimately, these interventions should reduce the burden of TB as an infectious disease.
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Sutherland, Marcia Elizabeth. "Toward a Caribbean Psychology". Journal of Black Studies 42, nr 8 (31.05.2011): 1175–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021934711410547.
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Although the Americas and Caribbean region are purported to comprise different ethnic groups, this article’s focus is on people of African descent, who represent the largest ethnic group in many countries. The emphasis on people of African descent is related to their family structure, ethnic identity, cultural, psychohistorical, and contemporary psychosocial realities. This article discusses the limitations of Western psychology for theory, research, and applied work on people of African descent in the Americas and Caribbean region. In view of the adaptations that some people of African descent have made to slavery, colonialism, and more contemporary forms of cultural intrusions, it is argued that when necessary, notwithstanding Western psychology’s limitations, Caribbean psychologists should reconstruct mainstream psychology to address the psychological needs of these Caribbean people. The relationship between theory and psychological interventions for the optimal development of people of African descent is emphasized throughout this article. In this regard, the African-centered and constructionist viewpoint is argued to be of utility in addressing the psychological growth and development of people of African descent living in the Americas and Caribbean region.
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Parham, Thomas A. "Invisibility Syndrome in African Descent People". Counseling Psychologist 27, nr 6 (listopad 1999): 794–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000099276003.
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Lewis, Van Dyk. "Using autopoiesis to discover the birth of fashion". Fashion, Style & Popular Culture 8, nr 1 (1.01.2021): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/fspc_00068_1.
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How personal and social fashion might be formed at a nascent level is detectable in the Mursi and Omo people. These groups remained within the African continent after its post-Pangaea formation; the Mursi and Omo have retained practices and beliefs that hitherto have not been considered critical to the formation of fashion. Fashion scholarship has followed a limited version of history that permeates museology, teaching and fashion design. Its impetus responds to the idea that fashion was formed in Bruges, Belgium, during the birth of capitalism, between 1280 and 1390. Clothes created before 1280 in non-European settings has generally been regarded as costume, hence the epistemological gap that stymies an inclusivity scholarship. This development has ramifications for a reconsideration of when the historical gaze commences, and where geographically it falls. Indeed, fashion is reconsidered to be inordinately autochthonous. This is an examination of post-structuralism as applied to a visual system via human presentation and social autopoiesis, a system that reproduces itself and does so without requiring external operations for the system for continuation. The activity of fashion visualized is examined as a claim of a live system that stresses the study of the individual and the group as an activity for self-actualization. The relative freedom in which the Mursi and Omo peoples of Ethiopia create fashion is discussed as opposed to the lack of autonomy available to formal fashion designers working in the West and particularly those being trained and educated in fashion schools. This article refutes Barthesian concepts of fashion for three reasons. First, Barthes grounded his scope within the venture of the fashion industrial complex and its profit agenda, served by mechanisms such as fashion photography, advertising and promotion. Second, Barthes’ work concerns an exposition of semiotics where fashion is merely the subject of containment. Lastly, the establishment of fashion is a creative act concerning the human body, since no evidence can be proffered to decipher which came first – human making marks on the land, trees or cave walls, or mark-making on live human skin. I proceed with the idea that the Omo provide a glimpse of the birth of fashion in that they make the step of distancing themselves from nature by re-creating themselves as objectified and in the world.
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Peltzer, Karl. "PERSONALITY AND PERSON PERCEPTION IN AFRICA". Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 30, nr 1 (1.01.2002): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2002.30.1.83.
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The paper reviews personality and social behavior in Africa. Three distinctive components of the people inhabiting present-day sub-Saharan Africa are identified: (1) traditional persons who are yet little affected by modernization, (2) transitional persons, and (3) modern individuals. The socialization of traditional and transitional persons can be illustrated in the form of a model in three dimensions: the authority dimension (vertical, diachronic, historic); the group dimension (horizontal, synchronic, social); the body – mind – environment dimension. Various personhood attributes are identified along the three dimension such as that the traditional person is socialized primarily by people, while the modern person is socialized primarily by objects. By being exposed to people, the traditional person will develop more social intelligence than technological intelligence.
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Maree, Jacobus G., i Nicola Taylor. "Development of the Maree Career Matrix: a new interest inventory". South African Journal of Psychology 46, nr 4 (2.08.2016): 462–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0081246316641558.
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In this article, the authors report on the development of an interest inventory (the Maree Career Matrix) for South Africans with a minimum of Grade 9 second language English or Afrikaans proficiency. The instrument was completed by 1106 learners in Grade 11 in the Gauteng, Mpumalanga, and North West provinces of South Africa. Rasch analysis was done; inter-category correlations, reliability coefficients, and differential item functioning values were calculated; and validity and norm tables were established. We concluded that the Maree Career Matrix is easy to use and has good psychometric qualities, takes relatively little time to administer, provides reliable and valid results, is standardised, and can be applied to large groups with relative ease. Additional research is needed to gather data on the profiles of people in other age brackets and to trace their progress, the aim being to further investigate and enhance the predictive value of the Maree Career Matrix.
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Morgan, Brandon. "Book Review: Counseling People of African Ancestry". South African Journal of Psychology 42, nr 3 (wrzesień 2012): 456–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124631204200317.
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Kimbrough, Verna D., i Paul R. Salomone. "African Americans: Diverse People, Diverse Career Needs". Journal of Career Development 19, nr 4 (marzec 1993): 265–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089484539301900404.
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Kimbrough, Verna D., i Paul R. Salomone. "African Americans: Diverse people, diverse career needs". Journal of Career Development 19, nr 4 (czerwiec 1993): 265–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01354629.
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Inman, Kris L. "African attitudes toward foreign countries: A hierarchical approach". Social Science Information 55, nr 2 (18.02.2016): 208–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018416631040.
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This study uses a hierarchical statistical model to explore what drives African attitudes toward foreign countries, an understudied and underappreciated topic in the fields of African studies, political psychology and international relations. Enabled by increasing access to information, technology and resources, African peoples across the continent are directing their national stages like never before. Yet when it comes to international engagements on the continent, there is little scholarly focus on African sentiment toward foreign countries. The present study finds that the drivers of attitudes toward foreign countries vary, depending on which foreign country is under consideration by the respondent. For China, positive sentiment is associated with individuals who report having assets, belong to the president’s party, view domestic governance positively, are more politically interested, are more trusting, are educated and are more frequent news consumers. While political interest, trust, education, news consumption and positive evaluation of domestic governance also correspond to positive attitudes toward the USA, so does being employed and perceiving the domestic government as corrupt. When it comes to attitudes toward former colonies, trust, education, news consumption, positive evaluations of domestic governance, perceiving the domestic government as corrupt, employment, identification with the president’s party and support for democracy are associated with positive sentiment. For China, the USA and former colonies, negative sentiment is associated with individuals who identify as Muslim.
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Cokley, Kevin, i Ramya Garba. "Speaking Truth to Power: How Black/African Psychology Changed the Discipline of Psychology". Journal of Black Psychology 44, nr 8 (listopad 2018): 695–721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095798418810592.
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Black/African psychology is a distinct disciplinary field of psychology that includes a community of scholars and a history of scholarly inquiry. Black psychologists grounded in a Black/African psychology tradition have long challenged the hegemonic paradigms and racist beliefs perpetuated by Eurocentric approaches to psychology. However, in the absence of teaching about the important contributions of Black/African psychology, many individuals remain unaware of its historical and contemporary impact on the discipline of psychology. Using the three methodological approaches of deconstruction, reconstruction, and construction as a framework, the authors identify the many ways in which Black/African psychology has challenged prevailing beliefs in psychology about Black behavior and culture and forever changed psychological research on Black people.
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Barker, Lori A. "Review of Counseling people of African ancestry." Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology 19, nr 4 (październik 2013): 481–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0029755.
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Lyons, Heather Z., Denise H. Bike, Adanna Johnson i Angela Bethea. "Culturally Competent Qualitative Research With People of African Descent". Journal of Black Psychology 38, nr 2 (12.07.2011): 153–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095798411414019.
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Schweitzer, Robert. "A Phenomenological Study of Dream Interpretation Among the Xhosa-Speaking People in Rural South Africa". Journal of Phenomenological Psychology 27, nr 1 (1996): 72–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156916296x00041.
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AbstractPsychologists investigating dreams in non-Western cultures have generally not considered the meanings of dreams within the unique meaning-structure of the person in his or her societal context. The study was concerned with explicating the indigenous system of dream interpretation of the Xhosa-speaking people, as revealed by acknowledged dream experts, and elaborating upon the life-world of the participants. Fifty dreams and their interpretations were collected from participants, who were traditional healers and their clients. A phenomenological methodology was adopted in explicating the data. Themes explicated included : the physiognomy of the dreamer's life-world as revealed by significant dreams, the interpretation of significant dreams as revealed through action, and human bodiliness as revealed in dream interpretations. The participants' approach to dreams is not based upon an explicit theory, but upon an immediate and pathic understanding of the dream phenomenon. The understanding is based upon the interpreter's concrete understanding of the life-world, which includes the possibility of cosmic integration and continuity between personal and trans-personal realms of being.
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Peltzer, Karl. "Perception of Illness among Secondary School Pupils in South Africa: Malaria, Tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, and Alcoholism". Psychological Reports 88, nr 3 (czerwiec 2001): 847–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2001.88.3.847.
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The study investigated beliefs of 121 high school students in Grade 11 about people who are ill with malaria, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, and alcoholism. The sample of Black pupils were chosen at random from two rural secondary schools in one region in the Northern Province of South Africa. Analysis indicated that HIV/AIDS was clearly distinguished from the other three illnesses by being seen as the least easily cured, having the most gradual onset, being the most contagious, showing the least look of illness, and the patients being likely those most blamed for their illness.
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Gordon, Steven Lawrence. "Understanding semantic differential measures in modern South Africa: attitudes of Black Africans towards White South Africans". South African Journal of Psychology 48, nr 4 (28.09.2017): 526–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0081246317725921.
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The future success of South Africa’s unique democracy depends on the development of harmonious race relations. Understanding the factors underlying the country’s interracial attitudes is, consequently, important. Social identity theory suggests that Black African attitudes towards White people are connected to their evaluations of South Africa’s other racial minorities. This thesis seems counterintuitive given that White people are associated with a long history of political, economic, and social oppression in the collective memory of many Black African communities. Nationally representative data from the South African Social Attitudes Survey were used to validate the thesis that Black Africans’ evaluations of White people correlated with their assessments of other racial groups. Pairwise correlation analysis was employed to test the article’s hypothesis. The results presented in this article showed that Black Africans’ evaluations towards the White minority correlated with their evaluations of other racial minorities in South Africa. Multivariate analysis, specifically a standard (ordinary least squares) linear regression, was used to confirm the bivariate analysis. Black Africans’ attitudes towards White people were strongly correlated with attitudes towards the country’s two other major racial minorities. This finding held even controlling for contact with White people as well as a range of socio-economic characteristics. The outcomes of this article invite closer examination of the factors that underlie the generality of outgroup evaluations among South Africa’s Black African majority.
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Nwoye, Augustine. "The Psychology and Content of Dreaming in Africa". Journal of Black Psychology 43, nr 1 (26.07.2016): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095798415614159.
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As understood in mainstream Western psychology, people dream for themselves and are essentially self-contained in their overall mechanism of dreaming. This article argues that although this Eurocentric perspective on dreaming is largely universal and not to be ignored, it needs to be recognized alongside other dream perspectives. The article examines the concept of dreaming from an African perspective. Its aim is to demonstrate that dreaming from an African psychological perspective goes beyond the Eurocentric paradigm suggesting that in the African-centered paradigm, the individual can dream for others. In the African perspective, there, at times, occurs the phenomenon of triangulation in dreaming where dreams originate from another source to give messages to the individual for the benefit of others. The article presents three anecdotes and some resulting implications that highlight descriptive elements of African dream theory. A number of questions for further reflections and research emanating from the discussion are highlighted.
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Hall, Erika V., Sarah S. M. Townsend i James T. Carter. "What’s in a Name? The Hidden Historical Ideologies Embedded in the Black and African American Racial Labels". Psychological Science 32, nr 11 (25.10.2021): 1720–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09567976211018435.
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History can inconspicuously repeat itself through words and language. We explored the association between the “Black” and “African American” racial labels and the ideologies of the historical movements within which they gained prominence (Civil Rights and Black Power, respectively). Two content analyses and two preregistered experimental studies ( N = 1,204 White American adults) show that the associations between “Black” and “bias and discrimination” and between “African American” and “civil rights and equality” are evident in images, op-eds, and perceptions of organizations. Google Images search results for “Black people” evoke more racially victimized imagery than search results for “African American people” (Study 1), and op-eds that use the Black label contain more bias and discrimination content than those that use the African American label (Study 2). Finally, White Americans infer the ideologies of organizations by the racial label within the organization’s name (Studies 3 and 4). Consequently, these inferences guide the degree to which Whites support the organization financially.
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Kelly, Kiesa, i Kesha Patrice. "Incorporating Black Images and References to Increase African American Student Performance in Introductory Psychology: A Pilot Study". Journal of Black Psychology 45, nr 1 (styczeń 2019): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095798418825168.
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Psychology educators report time constraints and a lack of relevance to course material as barriers to the incorporation of diversity content into their courses. This pilot study demonstrates an approach to teaching introductory psychology that infuses images of and references to Black people in a way that requires no additional time and is relevant to course content. “Black Imagery” sections contained slide-embedded images of people appearing to be or of African descent, as well as textbook-relevant examples that referenced African Americans for 33% of the chapters covered. “White Imagery” sections, with images and references to people of European descent, provided a comparison. An independent-samples t test found a statistically significant difference in final course grades for African American students enrolled in Black ( M = 78.65; SD = 19.85) versus White Imagery ( M = 69.65, SD = 14.75) sections, t(58) = 2.01, p = .049, d = 0.77. Incorporating diversity into psychology courses can be time-efficient and instructionally relevant, and this benefits African American students, and potentially students of other heritage, as well.