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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Behavioural exchange"
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Mortezaee, Mojtaba, Davoud Sanji i Majid Govahi. "BEHAVIORAL FINANCE- EVIDENCE FROM TEHRAN STOCK EXCHANGE". International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 4, nr 12 (31.12.2016): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i12.2016.2395.
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A capital market is a vast and controversial issue in financial matters and especially behavioural finance. Indeed, behavioural finance is aim to survived the influence of the psychological variables on financial markets transformation. It should be noted that financial investors may have different level of rational behaviour, which leads to different kinds of effects, which can elaborate market inconsistency. Classical finance assumes the investors as rational peoples who try to select the most lucrative and efficient portfolio considering expected financial risk. Behavioural finance model mainly focus on psychological parameters. Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) is affected by many financial and economic variables. Investor in this financial market is affected by different data. Present study is aim to examine psychological variables beside political, economic and capital market features factors. Research data collects in 2015 and analysis by LISREL software. The results reveal that political, economic and psychological parameters respectively are the most important variables which affect the investor decision making behaviour. The internal financial reports and market return are less effective factor in their financial decision behavior.
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Morris, Edward K. "The Molloy-Birnbrauer Exchange: How Many Factors do a Psychology Make?" Behaviour Change 3, nr 1 (marzec 1986): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900009049.
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Molloy and Birnbrauer have recently exchanged views in this journal over how how many factors are necessary to provide an adequate account of human behaviour and behaviour change. Their differences apparently reflect alternative conceptualizations of the roles played by physiology and cognition in the analysis of behaviour. The present paper provides some background to these issues, showing that the current cognitive behavioural approach to physiology and cognition is but a reworking of some aspects of traditional mentalism. Following this, several alternatives to this traditional conceptualization are offered by way of (a) an analysis of how functional and structural contextual conditions affect behaviour and (b) distinctions between issues of behavioural process and content-related behavioural substance. For psychology to be a cumulative and progressive enterprise, a natural science approach to issues of physiology and cognition must be maintained, no matter how many factors may be tajcen as germane to human behaviour and behaviour change
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Chen, Wen-Jung. "Two social exchanges and service personnel’s internal service behavioural intention at international tourism hotels". European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation 7, nr 3 (1.12.2016): 146–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ejthr-2016-0017.
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AbstractHospitality is a service industry in which team cooperation and assistance among the co-workers is necessary. Scholars have found that salary or benefits by themselves are not sufficient to motivate employees’ internal service intention and attitude. The norm of reciprocity in which the individuals’ intention results in active behaviour that is driven by the desire to obtain rewards has rarely been applied in the field of hotel internal service. In this study, we used the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to investigate the effects of leader-member exchange (LMX) and co-worker exchange on internal service behavioural intention and its causes, that is, attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control. In this study, we chose frontline professional service personnel from 30 international tourist hotels in Taiwan as research subjects and collected 684 valid questionnaires for statistical analysis. The results showed that LMX and co-worker exchange significantly affected the internal service behavioural intention and were significantly correlated with the causes of internal service behaviour intention, that is, attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control. The results of this study should provide practical and theoretical assistance guidance for the rapidly growing domestic hospitality industry, in terms of increasing service competitiveness and facilitating the strategic planning of human resource management.
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Abul, Sadeq J. "Factors influencing Individual Investor Behaviour: Evidence from the Kuwait Stock Exchange". Asian Social Science 15, nr 3 (28.02.2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v15n3p27.
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This study investigates the effects of psychological factors on investor behaviour regarding the Kuwait Stock Exchange (KSE). These psychological factors are, namely: excessive optimism vs pessimism, herd behaviour and risk appetite. The data for this study obtained from KSE and a survey of a random sample of 398 individual investors. By using qualitative analysis and based on the theory of behavioural finance, the study findings show that herd behaviour, optimism and psychology risk have an impact on the individual investors’ decisions. However, we did not find any evidence of overconfidence behaviour’s effects on investors’ decisions. To our knowledge, KSE has been examined by several researchers without taking into consideration the effects of psychological factors on individual investor decisions. This study finds that psychological factors play a significant role in individual investors’ decisions regarding KSE. This study might contribute positively to the development of this field of research in (KSE).
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Rasool, Nosheen, i Safi Ullah. "Financial literacy and behavioural biases of individual investors: empirical evidence of Pakistan stock exchange". Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science 25, nr 50 (2.05.2020): 261–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jefas-03-2019-0031.
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Purpose Financial literacy is a crucial element of financial decision-making, exerting significant influence on the behaviour of individual investors, while making budgetary, house financing, stock investing and retirement planning decisions. So, the purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between financial literacy and behavioural biases of individual investors in Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach In this research paper, a sample of 300 observations was obtained through questionnaires from individual investors residing in Lahore and invested in Pakistan Stock Exchange. The data obtained, was passed through Cronbach’s Alpha and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). The hypothesis developed for the research was tested by Pearson’s Chi-square and Ordinal Regression Analysis. Findings The hypothesis testing of the research concluded that there is a negative association between financial literacy and behavioural biases of individual investors. So, it means; with an increase in level of financial literacy, the likelihood of investor facing behavioural biases reduces. It also appeared that male respondents have more financial literacy than female respondents Originality/value Previous studies in the field of finance, identified different factors causing the financial behaviour of individual investor of Pakistan, and also focused on level of financial literacy in Pakistan, but these studies have not emphasized the crucial relationship between financial literacy and behavioural biases of individual investors. Thus, the unique empirical analysis developed in this paper has accentuated the financial literacy as a factor that mitigates behavioural biases of individual investor.
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Okafor, Samuel O., Edwin M. C. Izueke, Ifeoma Nzekwe, Obara Okezi i Abdulrouf Isah. "Urban Settlement and Behavioural Exchange towards Environmental Policy among Urban Settlers in Southeast Nigeria: Implications for Environmental Policy Administration and Sustainability". Public Policy and Administration 21, nr 1 (29.03.2022): 55–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ppaa.21.1.29139.
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Environmental pollution as well as sustainability of the natural environment is the product of behavioural exchange obtainable in a particular geographical setting and time space. Each environmental setting has its own expected behavioural disposition making it, more or less the symbolic identity of the people living in the setting. In southeast Nigeria among the six geopolitical zones of the country, environmental pollution has appeared as identity for many cities over the years. While some scholars have scratched the matter from other dimensions, there is yet to be research design, targeting the essence of symbolic behavioural exchange in the understanding of the issue of urbanites and environmental pollution. From the theoretical framework of symbolic interactionism, a coherent analysis was advanced in this study, to capture the behavioural exchanges towards the natural environment between the urbanites and the government institutions implementing environmental protection policies. This was substantiated through the primary data obtained via survey research design, involving 640 respondents (18+) from the southeast Nigerian cities. The study adopted descriptive statistics as well as linear model in probing the data collected. According to the findings of the study, weak policy framework and implementation elicited covert anti-environmental protection behaviour. Commitment to environmental protection, policy awareness and support to government policy and institution are dependent on the public trust of the government institutions managing the environment, awareness of environmental issues, government policies and the functionality of the government institutions managing environmental issues.
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Behrens, Brett C., W. Kim Halford i Matthew R. Sanders. "Behavioural Marital Therapy: An Overview". Behaviour Change 6, nr 3-4 (wrzesień 1989): 112–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s081348390000749x.
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Behavioural marital therapy (BMT) has developed from the application of social exchange and social learning theories to the understanding and modification of marital interaction. Encouraging high rates of exchange of positive behaviours, and training in communication skills, have been the major focuses of BMT till recently. While these strategies produce therapeutic change, there are still many couples whose marriages do not improve with this sort of therapy. Recent developments have focused on the role of cognitive, affective and situational variables in marital interaction. Outcome research has shown the value of cognitive and affective interventions in their own right, but it is unclear if the addition of these interventions will enhance the efficacy of BMT.
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Christodoulakis, George, i Emmanuel Mamatzakis. "Behavioural asymmetries in the G7 foreign exchange market". International Review of Financial Analysis 29 (wrzesień 2013): 261–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2013.02.012.
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de Waal, Frans B. M. "How animals do business". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, nr 1819 (11.01.2021): 20190663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0663.
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The field of comparative behavioural economics investigates decisions about the acquisition and exchange of goods and services. It does so in both humans and other species on the assumption that the cognition and emotions involved have a shared evolutionary background. This preface roughly defines the field and reviews a few selected early studies and concepts to offer a taste of what economic behaviour means in relation to species other than our own. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Existence and prevalence of economic behaviours among non-human primates’.
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Gelei, Andrea, i Imre Dobos. "Evolving trust in business relationships – A behavioural experiment". Acta Oeconomica 72, nr 2 (23.06.2022): 231–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/032.2022.00013.
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Abstract Using situation-specific and dyadic data, we analyse how trust in inter-organisational relationships evolve over time. Based on a multidisciplinary approach, we define four trust-related concepts, which include both behavioural and perceptual aspects of this multifaceted phenomenon. We also develop the hypothesis that the behavioural consistency of the trustee affects the level of his/her trustworthiness as perceived by the trustor. To test this hypothesis, the paper specifies a finite Dynamic Trust Game that, in a unique way, models longer-term relationships characterised by interdependent actions between partners. In contrast to the simple Repeated Games modelling discrete exchange episodes, this game corresponds to the requirements of the interaction approach of the relationship management, since the iterations of the game are interrelated and embedded in previous ones. Timely development of the behavioural variables in the game reflects an inverse U-shape with an increasing willingness to cooperate until round 8, with a maximum cooperation level of 80% on average. Behaviour seems to affect the perceived level of trustworthiness. However, we need additional experimental data on inconsistent behaviours to get a clear understanding of this effect.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Behavioural exchange"
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Griffin, Deborah, i N/A. "Social Issue Exchange: An Exploration of Determinants and Outcomes". Griffith University. Department of Marketing, 2007. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070910.111229.
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It has been argued that marketing contributes to society by finding solutions to a diverse range of social issues. Importantly, research within the (social) marketing domain recognises that the concept of exchange is a fundamental aspect of influencing people to take on positive social issue behaviours (Andreasen, 1995; Rothschild, 1999). However, regardless of the influence of social marketing, ultimately the behavioural exchange resides with the individual. This infers that exchange can be considered from the individuals (i.e., consumers) point of view, of intrapersonal or self-exchange (Gould, 1994). Furthermore, the conditions that facilitate or constrain this form of exchange are found within the individual and relate to for example, individual differences. However, in recent years there has been limited interest in exchange theory within the marketing domain and, in particular, exchange as a fundamental consumer behaviour phenomenon (Anderson et al, 1999; Gould, 1994). This study seeks to extend current consumer behaviour and social marketing knowledge in the areas of exchange theory and personality. Based on an examination of the extant literature, a model of determinants and outcomes of Social Issue Exchange was developed and empirically tested. The Social Issue Exchange Model proposed in this study accounts for a number of associations which includes a representation of personality termed pro-social orientation along with social issue involvement, attitude toward social issues, subjective assessment of negative consequences and feelings. The determinants of social issue exchange included the multi-component variable pro-social orientation comprising the traits risk aversion, locus of control, consideration of future consequences, susceptibility to normative influence and social responsibility along with the variables social issue involvement and attitude towards social issues. The outcomes of social issue exchange include the variables of subjective assessment of negative consequences and feelings. The study adopted a quantitative methodology using an Internet administered questionnaire that allowed for the measurement of the determinants and outcomes of social issue exchange. The construction of the questionnaire followed a sequential process which involved developing new measures, utilising and adapting existing measures and then pre-testing these measures to ensure the development of a psychometrically sound and respondent-friendly survey instrument. The final survey used Excess Alcohol Consumption and Speeding social issues as stimuli for the study. Data collection resulted in 1146 (comprising 559 for Speeding social issue, and 587 for Excess Alcohol Consumption social issue) useable surveys for subsequent analysis. Analysis included a number of statistical procedures including correlation analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis and tests of the model via Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis. Overall, the findings provided support for the proposed Social Issue Exchange Model. In terms of the measurement model, the findings show that pro-social orientation accounted for different amounts of variance in the five traits, with consideration for further consequences accounting for the most variance and susceptibility to normative influence accounting for the least. In terms of the inner model, all the hypothesised paths were supported with the exception of attitude towards social issues and social issue exchange. A comparison of the smaller models (i.e., Speeding and Excess Alcohol Consumption) with the overall model indicated that largely the relationships were consistent, with the exception of social issue involvement and attitude towards social issues which was not supported in the Excess Alcohol Consumption model. The findings provide a number of theoretical and practical implications for research. From a theoretical perspective, broadening the concept of exchange to account for self-exchange in the context of social issue behaviours contributes to the body of knowledge on exchange. Moreover, aggregating traits to form the multi-component construct pro-social orientation takes a holistic approach to personality and thereby, provides greater clarification of the psychological processes that drive individuals to respond positively or negatively to social issues and associated behaviours. From a practical perspective, this study may lead to a better understanding of how personal characteristics can shape an individuals response to social issues as well as their behaviours. In summary, the importance of understanding the processes that influence individuals social issue behaviours provides a justification for this study. Accordingly, this study offers valuable insights into how exchange is an integral feature of individual behaviour change, as well as positive social change for society.
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Griffin, Deborah. "Social Issue Exchange: An Exploration of Determinants and Outcomes". Thesis, Griffith University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367920.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
It has been argued that marketing contributes to society by finding solutions to a diverse range of social issues. Importantly, research within the (social) marketing domain recognises that the concept of exchange is a fundamental aspect of influencing people to take on positive social issue behaviours (Andreasen, 1995; Rothschild, 1999). However, regardless of the influence of social marketing, ultimately the behavioural exchange resides with the individual. This infers that exchange can be considered from the individual’s (i.e., consumer’s) point of view, of intrapersonal or self-exchange (Gould, 1994). Furthermore, the conditions that facilitate or constrain this form of exchange are found within the individual – and relate to for example, individual differences. However, in recent years there has been limited interest in exchange theory within the marketing domain and, in particular, exchange as a fundamental consumer behaviour phenomenon (Anderson et al, 1999; Gould, 1994). This study seeks to extend current consumer behaviour and social marketing knowledge in the areas of exchange theory and personality. Based on an examination of the extant literature, a model of determinants and outcomes of Social Issue Exchange was developed and empirically tested. The Social Issue Exchange Model proposed in this study accounts for a number of associations which includes a representation of personality termed pro-social orientation along with social issue involvement, attitude toward social issues, subjective assessment of negative consequences and feelings. The determinants of social issue exchange included the multi-component variable pro-social orientation comprising the traits risk aversion, locus of control, consideration of future consequences, susceptibility to normative influence and social responsibility along with the variables social issue involvement and attitude towards social issues. The outcomes of social issue exchange include the variables of subjective assessment of negative consequences and feelings. The study adopted a quantitative methodology using an Internet administered questionnaire that allowed for the measurement of the determinants and outcomes of social issue exchange. The construction of the questionnaire followed a sequential process which involved developing new measures, utilising and adapting existing measures and then pre-testing these measures to ensure the development of a psychometrically sound and respondent-friendly survey instrument. The final survey used Excess Alcohol Consumption and Speeding social issues as stimuli for the study. Data collection resulted in 1146 (comprising 559 for Speeding social issue, and 587 for Excess Alcohol Consumption social issue) useable surveys for subsequent analysis. Analysis included a number of statistical procedures including correlation analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis and tests of the model via Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis. Overall, the findings provided support for the proposed Social Issue Exchange Model. In terms of the measurement model, the findings show that pro-social orientation accounted for different amounts of variance in the five traits, with consideration for further consequences accounting for the most variance and susceptibility to normative influence accounting for the least. In terms of the inner model, all the hypothesised paths were supported with the exception of attitude towards social issues and social issue exchange. A comparison of the smaller models (i.e., Speeding and Excess Alcohol Consumption) with the overall model indicated that largely the relationships were consistent, with the exception of social issue involvement and attitude towards social issues which was not supported in the Excess Alcohol Consumption model. The findings provide a number of theoretical and practical implications for research. From a theoretical perspective, broadening the concept of exchange to account for self-exchange in the context of social issue behaviours contributes to the body of knowledge on exchange. Moreover, aggregating traits to form the multi-component construct pro-social orientation takes a holistic approach to personality and thereby, provides greater clarification of the psychological processes that drive individuals to respond positively or negatively to social issues and associated behaviours. From a practical perspective, this study may lead to a better understanding of how personal characteristics can shape an individual’s response to social issues as well as their behaviours. In summary, the importance of understanding the processes that influence individuals’ social issue behaviours provides a justification for this study. Accordingly, this study offers valuable insights into how ‘exchange’ is an integral feature of individual behaviour change, as well as positive social change for society.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Department of Marketing
Griffith Business School
Full Text
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Potgieter, Janette. "Fundamentals of the rand/euro exchange rate : a behavioural approach / Janette Potgieter". Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1369.
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Li, Zhiyong. "Essays on the foreign exchange market : the market microstructure and evidence of the behavioural theory". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/30531/.
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Chen, Gary. "Behavioural heterogeneity in ASX 200 a dissertation submitted to Auckland University of Technology in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business (MBus), 2009 /". Click here to access this resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/758.
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Zwedala, Sibulele. "The effect of real exchange rate misalignment on economic growth in South Africa / S. Zwedala". Thesis, North-West University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9871.
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The growth performance of the South African economy over the past two and a half decades has been disappointing. The economy has not reached the high growth rates of the 1960s, which is desperately needed to alleviate poverty in the country. While the sources of growth have been a subject of much debate, recently the notion that the Real Exchange Rate (RER) level of a country matters for growth has attracted attention. While it is generally expected that the value of the currency should not remain constant and that the exchange rate fluctuates over time, in the long-term, it is expected to converge to an equilibrium level
South Africa follows an inflation targeting framework and a free floating exchange rate regime. The exchange rate has been highly volatile since the abolishment of the dual exchange rate system in 1995. This implies that there were periods of overvaluation and undervaluation from the equilibrium level; in other words the rand experienced times of misalignment. In the event of misalignments, the RER is moved to levels which make it difficult for an economy to sustain international competitiveness over the long-run, and this is harmful to growth rates in the economy. This is especially true for countries, such as South Africa, which is heavily dependent on exports. The RER is therefore very powerful and has been argued to be the cause of loss of competitiveness and growth slowdowns. This study investigates this notion for South Africa.
The main aim of this study is therefore to investigate the effects of RER misalignment on economic growth in South Africa. This implies that the study aims to determine the level of RER equilibrium, the misalignment in the real value of the rand, and how this misalignment has affected economic growth in the country.
The Behavioural Equilibrium Exchange Rate (BEER) approach is followed to determine the Equilibrium Exchange Rate (EER), which allows for the use of fundamental macroeconomic variables to determine the real equilibrium level of the rand. Identified fundamental variables, which are the main drivers of the current RER in South Africa, include GDP per capita, trade openness, terms of trade, gross fixed capital formation and the real interest rate differential. A Vector Error-Correction Mechanism (VECM) is used in the estimation of the Real Equilibrium Exchange Rate (REER). Misalignment is calculated as the difference between the actual and the equilibrium real exchange rate. It is found that during the period under investigation (1985 to 2011) there have been substantial misalignments in the RER of the rand, though the currency was mostly overvalued. It is also shown that the rand does revert to its equilibrium level over time.
The least square method is used to determine the effect of this RER misalignment on economic growth. Additional variables such as the initial level of GDP per capita, trade openness, terms of trade as well as gross fixed capital formation, are included in the growth specification. Trade reforms emphasise the importance of export-led growth in a commodity-rich economy, such as South Africa. The results indicate that the RER misalignment has a positive coefficient; this implies that a misalignment in the rand has not necessarily been harmful to economic growth. Therefore, it can be concluded that in the case of South Africa, misalignment is generally stimulating growth, but more so when the currency is undervalued. The results therefore show that the RER should be kept at competitive levels in order to boost economic growth in the country. The results also show support for the strategy of export-led growth in South Africa.Thesis (MCom (Economics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
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Al-Hajieh, H. "Market efficiency and volatility in an Islamic financial market interpreted from a behavioural finance perspective : a case study of the Amman Stock Exchange". Thesis, Coventry University, 2011. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/cfff00ca-c72c-49d7-a818-03e03ea3bcb5/1.
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The research undertaken aims to contribute to the debate about market efficiency and market volatility in an Islamic context. The research relates to the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) and covers the period 1992 to 2007. It undertakes quantitative analysis involving two key elements: first, testing for random walk and calendar anomaly effects in market returns and, second, modelling volatility in market returns. The thesis applies a series of standard econometric and statistical techniques to this issue. The key ‘novel’ contributions of this study relate to the focus on Islamic religious holiday effects and also the application of behavioural finance theoretical models to explain the findings in terms of the influence of social mood (mood misattribution) effects. These are approaches that have not been previously applied in the literature within an Islamic context. The author argues that the econometric and statistical techniques applied are ‘fit for purpose’. Standard methods are applied; however, these are applied in ‘novel’ ways in parts of the thesis. For example, moving-date calendar effects are modelled for the first time and the modelling of volatility makes use of interaction effects to explore the impact of interactions between different mood-influencing variables. The study begins by identifying that the ASE index returns do not follow a Random Walk. It then goes on to identify day-of-the-week effects. First trading day of the week effects found in relation to the first trading day that follows the Muslim holy day of Friday. Monthly calendar effects were also found. January or turn-of-the-year effects were found in the ASE similar to those found previously in some Western markets. However, the largest monthly effects were found in relation to the holy month of Ramadan. Most significantly, Ramadan was found to be the only month where the average daily returns were both statistically different from the other months in the year and also positive. This, it is argued in the thesis, is due to social mood (or mood misattribution) effects. The research looks beyond informational efficiency and develops a number of ‘novel’ contributions to research in this area in terms of both the empirical findings and the behavioural finance-related interpretation of these findings, as well as the influence of Islamic ethics in Amman’s stock market returns. The thesis also examines the relationship between seven behavioural mood-proxy variables and stock market returns. Fama (1991) argues that efficiency and volatility are unrelated. In this thesis, however, evidence is uncovered which suggests that this may not be the case. High levels of volatility were found at the start and at the end of the Ramadan holy festival; this volatility, it is argued, is related to social mood. This issue is examined further by exploring previously unstudied interactions between mood-related Ramadan effects and mood-related weather and biorhythmic effects. The results of this thesis, the author believes, provide strong evidence for the existence of Muslim religion investment decision biases associated with social mood effects (mood misattribution). It is argued that these social mood effects in the case of Jordan relate mainly to Islamic ethics and cultural issues, as they are found predominantly during the Ramadan religious holiday. Despite the existence of decision biases within the ASE, no profitable trading anomaly opportunities were identified. This may be due, in part, to Jordan having high trading transaction costs. It is possible, however, that profitable trading opportunities related to Islamic holidays may exist in countries that follow stricter religious observance. The author believes that there is an opportunity to extend this research to countries such as Bahrain.
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Kozlik, Petr. "EXPLORING DIGITAL CURRENCIES: Designing a peer-to-peer exchange with use of Blockchain". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22275.
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Digital currencies represent complementary alternatives to fiat money in the conventional mental models of exchange. Blockchain, as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, holds a potential to influence a peer-to-peer exchange in the perspective of trust and ownership. The underlying technologies of digital currencies may be part of concepts, where designers have a possibility to define their own exchange articles for specific needs of the exchange. The ambition of this report is to illustrate the possibilities for the initiation of a peer-to-peer exchange with use of the underlying technologies beyond Bitcoin. The explorative approach provided me material for the retrospective reflection to achieve this ambition. The thesis project consisted three iterations, one experiment, and a literature overview. The main conceptual work illustrates the result of explorative research, where blockchain ensures trust between participating parties. This ecosystem uses the principles of sharing economy for initialisation of exchange within the community. This concept demonstrates potential opportunities for future transactions, in which the exchange article replaces fiat money.
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Zhang, Jiaying, i jiaying zhang@rmit edu au. "Understanding Host Community Attitudes towards Tourism and Resident-Tourist Interaction: A Socio-Behavioural Study of Melbourne's Urban-Rural Fringe". RMIT University. Management, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080801.144715.
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The fast development of the tourism industry has created both positive and negative impacts on host communities. Reacting to these impacts, host residents hold various attitudes towards tourism and tourists. It has come to common agreement that a supportive host community plays a vital role in the successful and long-term development of community tourism. In order to explain the antecedents of community attitudes towards tourism, researchers have investigated the topic from both the extrinsic perspective (such as stage-based models) and the intrinsic perspective (such as the Social Exchange Theory). Nevertheless, there are still several important research gaps and deficiencies within the existing literature. First, the influence of psychological factors (personality) on attitudes towards tourism is somewhat neglected. Second, when examining the relationship between community attitudes towards tourism and the influential factors, the majority of previous studies do not distinguish the orthogonal dimensions of attitudes (such as positive dimension and negative dimension). Third, the existing literature has not addressed the issue of whether specific attitudes towards tourism will lead to a corresponding behaviour when interacting with tourists, and what other factors are determinant in host-guest interactive behaviour. Aiming to address such research gaps and deficiencies, this study has a major objective of developing a theoretical model (encompassing attitude element) to understand the antecedents of host-guest interaction. A quantitative approach was employed for the entire project. A self-administrated questionnaire survey was used to collect primary data. A total of 878 useful questionnaires were returned for analyses. Stratification sampling methods were utilized in communities where population database was accessible, while random sampling methods were used in other communities. The findings from this study confirmed the two major hypotheses in terms of community attitudes towards tourism. First, there was a significant relationship between an individual's personality and his/her attitudes towards tourism. Residents being high on Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion and Agreeableness traits and low on the Neuroticism trait tended to be more positive towards tourism than their counterparts. Second, while some factors were found to be influential on both positive and negative dimensions of attitudes towards tourism, others only demonstrated influences on one dimension. The Resident-Tourist Interaction Model developed in this study provided a comprehensive theoretical framework in modelling and predicting host residents' interactive behaviour towards tourists. Drawing on the evaluation results of three leading behavioural theories belonging to the school of cognition, the Model identified attitudinal, volitional, social, motivating and habitual factors for the prediction of resident-tourist interactive behaviour. Motivating factor (intention) was the critical and immediate element for action, which, in turn, was best predicted by subjective norms. External factors (gender, age and personality traits) only moderated the predictive power of the Model by less than two percent. The Model was valid and reliable for the current data. The present study advanced resident-tourist interactive behavioural study by establishing a sound theoretical framework. It also consolidated the body of knowledge in understanding community attitudes towards tourism. Findings from this study have significant practical implications for community tourism planning and management.
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Halari, Anwar. "An analysis of monthly calendar anomalies in the Pakistani stock market : a study of the Gregorian and Islamic calendars". Thesis, University of Dundee, 2013. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/ef1d3ef3-4cda-4a39-83eb-aa3ba3d46689.
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Most of the prior research in the area of monthly regularities has been based on the Gregorian calendar; by contrast, little attention has been given to other calendars based on different religions or cultures. This thesis examines monthly calendar anomalies in the Pakistani stock market for both the Gregorian calendar and its Islamic counterpart. This is one of the first studies to investigate both calendars for monthly seasonality in one investigation on the same dataset. Empirical studies of the Pakistani stock market that have examined monthly calendar anomalies are relatively sparse when compared with investigations from other emerging markets throughout the world. Even the findings from the small number of Pakistani investigations that have examined for the presence of monthly calendar anomalies have arrived at different conclusions about the predictability of equity returns at different times within a year. Since the conclusions of these findings have been mixed, the current study undertakes further work on this topic to offer some clarity in this area; this thesis arrives at a firm conclusion about the monthly calendar anomaly. For the purpose of this thesis, both qualitative and quantitative research methods were employed. Firstly, 19 face-to-face interviews were conducted with brokers, regulators and individual investors to ascertain their views about share price regularities with regards to monthly calendar anomalies and to gain some insights about the role of investor sentiment in the Pakistani stock markets. Secondly, share returns for a sample of 106 companies listed on the KSE over the 17 year period from 1995 to 2011 were analysed to determine whether Pakistani stock markets are weak-form efficient or whether security price changes can be predicted from knowledge of the month when the return is earned; it also investigates whether there is a change in the risk (volatility) of shares in different months which might explain any pattern in returns. To answer these questions various research methods were employed. The results of the interviews suggest that most respondents believed that share prices exhibit patterns in certain months of the year. The most common pattern highlighted by the interviewees related to the month of January for the Gregorian calendar and Ramadan for the Islamic calendar. Interviewees also argued that volatility declined during the religious month of Ramadan; they attributed these changes to investor sentiment and religious duties. Overall, the results suggested that monthly calendar anomalies may be present in the market and that these are studied by investors in an attempt to earn profit. The results from the quantitative analyses supported the findings from the interviews. Initial analyses suggested that returns varied significantly during certain months which indicate that the market might not be efficient. Further, investigations for seasonality in both the mean and volatility of returns offered conflicting evidence; very little statistical evidence of monthly seasonal anomalies was identified in average returns. However, monthly patterns were present in the variance of equity price changes in Pakistan. Overall, the results confirm that whatever monthly seasonality may be present in the equity prices of Pakistani companies, it is more pronounced in the volatility data than in the mean return numbers. These findings may have useful implications for trading strategies and investment decisions; investors may look to gain from managing the risk of their portfolios due to time varying volatility documented in the findings of this thesis. Further, the results of this thesis have interesting implications for our understanding of the dynamics of equity volatility in the Pakistani stock market.
Książki na temat "Behavioural exchange"
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The psychology of finance: Understanding the behavioural dynamics of markets. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2002.
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Yong, Othman. Behaviour of the Malaysian stock market. Bangi: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 1993.
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Rajan, Amin. Good practices in knowledge creation & exchange. Tunbridge Wells: Create, 1999.
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Elkouby, Jean-Maurice. Stock market behaviour. Carnforth, Lancs: Mace Computer Services, 1992.
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Hurley, Margaret. Expectations of government behaviour and exchange rates. Maynooth, Co Kildare: Maynooth College, Department of Economics, 1993.
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Hurley, Margaret. Expectations of government behaviour and exchange rates. Maynooth, Co Kildare: Maynooth College, Department of Economics, 1993.
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Roetzel, Wilfried. Dynamic behaviour of heat exchangers. Southampton: WIT Press/Computational Mechanics Publications, 1999.
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Ayogu, Melvin D. Empirical studies of Nigeria's foreign exchange parallel market I: Price behaviour and rate determination. Nairobi: African Economic Research Consortium, 1995.
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Karfakis, Costas K. Modelling the behaviour of exchange rates in the EMS. Norwich: School of Economic and Social Studies, University of East Anglia, 1992.
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Groen, Jan J. J. Real exchange rate persistence and systematic monetary policy behaviour. London: Bank of England, 2004.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Behavioural exchange"
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Moosa, Imad A. "The Taxonomy of Exchange Rate Regimes: Official and Behavioural Classification Schemes". W Exchange Rate Regimes, 121–41. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230504424_5.
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Jessen, Claus. "Behavioural Control of Heat Exchange with the Environment". W Temperature Regulation in Humans and Other Mammals, 63–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59461-8_9.
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Stotter, Steve, John Cartlidge i Dave Cliff. "Behavioural Investigations of Financial Trading Agents Using Exchange Portal (ExPo)". W Transactions on Computational Collective Intelligence XVII, 22–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44994-3_2.
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Abe, Mitsuo, Yasuo Tanaka i Masamichi Tsuji. "Adsorption and Desorption Behaviour of Arsenic Compounds on Various Inorganic Ion Exchangers". W Ion Exchange Advances, 326–33. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2864-3_43.
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Parikh, Ashok, i Costas Karfakis. "Modelling the Behaviour of Exchange Rates in the EMS". W Exchange Rate Policy in Europe, 171–202. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25755-3_10.
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Hudson, M. J., E. Rodriguez-Castellon i P. Sylvester. "Ion Exchange Behaviour of Some Amine Intercalates of α-Tin(IV) Hydrogen Phosphate Monohydrate". W Recent Developments in Ion Exchange, 109–18. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0777-5_12.
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Mackay, Don, Charles Jia, John Hoff, Dennis Gregor i Frank Wania. "The Behaviour of Organic Chemicals in Snow". W Chemical Exchange Between the Atmosphere and Polar Snow, 587–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61171-1_28.
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Kirchner, W., F. Welter i U. Schurath. "Trace Gas Exchange Kinetics at the Air/Water Interface". W Physico-Chemical Behaviour of Atmospheric Pollutants, 270–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0567-2_42.
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Keizer, Alex C., Henning Basold i Jorge A. Pérez. "Session Coalgebras: A Coalgebraic View on Session Types and Communication Protocols". W Programming Languages and Systems, 375–403. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72019-3_14.
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AbstractCompositional methods are central to the development and verification of software systems. They allow breaking down large systems into smaller components, while enabling reasoning about the behaviour of the composed system. For concurrent and communicating systems, compositional techniques based on behavioural type systems have received much attention. By abstracting communication protocols as types, these type systems can statically check that programs interact with channels according to a certain protocol, whether the intended messages are exchanged in a certain order. In this paper, we put on our coalgebraic spectacles to investigate session types, a widely studied class of behavioural type systems. We provide a syntax-free description of session-based concurrency as states of coalgebras. As a result, we rediscover type equivalence, duality, and subtyping relations in terms of canonical coinductive presentations. In turn, this coinductive presentation makes it possible to elegantly derive a decidable type system with subtyping for $$\pi $$ π -calculus processes, in which the states of a coalgebra will serve as channel protocols. Going full circle, we exhibit a coalgebra structure on an existing session type system, and show that the relations and type system resulting from our coalgebraic perspective agree with the existing ones.
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Wan, Hooi Lai. "Organisational Justice–Leader–Member Exchange–Organisational Citizenship Behaviour". W Governance and Citizenship in Asia, 221–33. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0030-0_10.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenia konferencji na temat "Behavioural exchange"
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Sundermeier, Stephan, i Stefan aus der Wiesche. "Experimental Investigation of High-Speed Flows Past Pillow Plates". W ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-70223.
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Abstract This paper presents an experimental investigation of highspeed flows past Pillow-Plate Heat Exchanger (PPHE) geometries by means of conventional and focussing schlieren optics. Past investigations have already shown that PPHE has positive flow behaviours compared to other heat exchangers. The static pressure drop along a pillow-plate surface is relatively low, but the profile offers a good mixing and heat transfer behaviour. These characteristics were not very well researched for higher Mach numbers until now.
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De Paepe, Michel, Christophe T’Joen, Arnold Janssens i Marijke Steeman. "Earth-Air and Earth-Water Heat Exchanger Design for Ventilation Systems in Buildings". W 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-22459.
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Earth-air heat exchangers are often used for (pre)heating or (pre)cooling of ventilation air in low energy or passive house standard buildings. Several studies have been published in the passed about the performance of these earth-air heat exchangers [1–8]. Often this is done in relation to the building energy use. Several software codes are available with which the behaviour of the earth-air heat exchanger can be simulated. De Paepe and Janssens published a simplified design methodology for earth-air heat exchangers, based on thermal to hydraulic performance optimisation [7]. Through dynamic simulations and measurements it was shown that the methodology is quite conservative [9–10]. Hollmu¨ller added an earth-air heat exchanger model to TRNSYS [11]. In stead of using earth-air heat exchangers, earth-water heat exchangers are now getting more attention. In this system the ventilation air is indirectly cooled/heated with the water flow in a fin-tube heat exchanger in the inlet of the ventilation channel. The water-glycol mixture transfers heat with the earth by flowing through e.g. a polyethylene tube. In the second part of this paper a design methodology is first derived and then applied to this type of system.
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Dai, You-De, Kuan-Yang Chen i Shou-Chien Wu. "Relationship Quality and Customer Voluntary Performance Behavior: A Perspective of Social Exchange". W Annual International Conference on Business Strategy and Organizational Behaviour. Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-1970_thor14.04.
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Markopoulos, Evangelos, Jens Refflinghaus, Marven Roell i Hannu Vanharanta. "Understanding Situationality using the Kepner-Tregoe Method in the Company Democracy Model to increase Employee Engagement and Knowledge Contribution". W 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001522.
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Driving sustainable and successful change towards achieving democratic organizational culture a company has to evolve through the 6 levels of the Company Democracy Model which needs to be supported by two foundational and prerequisite enablers. The first one is the critical thinking skills to build an alignment on a meta-level / logic-level / thinking level for effective and efficient communication and actions. Effective actions and communication require clear thinking which requires thinking processes. The second one is the Change Management tools and skills to drive the change. However the integration and activation of these two enablers seem to be the challenge on the first level in the company democracy model who seeks critical thinking to become change agents. This paper integrates the concepts of critical thinking and change making with the introduction of the problem solving Kepner-Tregoe (KT) Method in the Company Democracy Model. Critical Thinking is approached as the applied thinking processes to gather, organize, analyse, confirm, and communicate information in order to solve concerns and issues in an effective, unbiased and self-reflected mode that first seeks to understand and then to act. Therefore, it is the prerequisite for effective and efficient actions. This necessary exchange of information can more targeted and effortless if achieved through a democratic organizational culture which equips each member in an organization with the same logic/thinking, to reveal their intellectual capital by focusing on how to think, not what to think. Effectively thinking requires understanding the concern and the situation that creates a need to act. The concept of situationality, as introduced in the Company Democracy Model (CDM) is further supported in this paper with the KT problem solving methods to identify the core nature of a specific situational concern that enables or disables people’s thinking. The paper defines and analyses the situational concerns which can be categorized in five areas such as understanding a situation, deviation cause, alternatives selection, risk reduction and change enhancement.The identification of the situationality helps finding a thinking approach which leads to an idea that is transformed into an innovative process, product or services. This can be considered a fundamental approach for effective and efficient actions within democratic organizational cultures. Furthermore change management lies in the capability to assess a situation in which people interact, understand the mechanics of the system that forms individual or groups behaviour, and develop activities to manage these mechanics that change human behaviour. Therefore, the challenge of the first level of the company democracy model which is understanding human behaviour is based on the effectiveness of critical thinking capabilities in a systematic human performance model. The elements of the performance environment influence the performance of any person. These elements operate as a system, influencing performance as it happens. The paper presents the five performance system core elements which deal with the environment infrastructures (processes, workflows, expectation and priority setting) the capabilities and willingness of the performer, the demonstrated or desired response/ behaviour, the consequences which follow the behaviour and the performance feedback given to the performer. The paper uses the Aristotelian golden mean to effectively balance this employee performance, and identity imbalances that feed the development of corrective actions and impact behavioural change.
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Gogus, A. Yalcin, i O. Ercan Ataer. "TRANSIENT BEHAVIOUR OF HEAT EXCHANGERS". W International Symposium on Transient Convective Heat Transfer. New York: Begellhouse, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ichmt.1996.transientconvheattransf.280.
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Gonella, F. "Optical behaviour of ion-exchanged glass waveguides". W 16th Congress of the International Commission for Optics: Optics as a Key to High Technology. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2308520.
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Guha, Atulan. "ROLE OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVE IN EXCHANGE RATE BEHAVIOUR THE PERSISTING ASYMMETRY: A HISTORICAL ACCOUNT". W 34th International Academic Conference, Florence. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/iac.2017.034.020.
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Castellanos, L., A. Ramos, H. Calas, J. A. Eiras i E. Moreno. "Laboratory characterization of electromechanical behaviour of Bessel array-transducer annuli for detection & imaging in biological media". W 2011 Pan American Health Care Exchanges (PAHCE 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pahce.2011.5871926.
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Perekhodtsev, Dmitri, i Rossella Baselice. "Empirical assessment of strategic behaviour in the Italian Power Exchange". W 2009 6th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eem.2009.5311424.
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Kim, D., C. Kim, C. Kim, M. Tsunoda, M. Naka i M. Takahashi. "Critical angle behaviour of exchange bias and coercivity with field angle in exchange coupled CoFe/MnIr bilayers". W INTERMAG 2006 - IEEE International Magnetics Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/intmag.2006.374986.
Pełny tekst źródłaRaporty organizacyjne na temat "Behavioural exchange"
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Brenan, J. M., K. Woods, J. E. Mungall i R. Weston. Origin of chromitites in the Esker Intrusive Complex, Ring of Fire Intrusive Suite, as revealed by chromite trace element chemistry and simple crystallization models. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328981.
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To better constrain the origin of the chromitites associated with the Esker Intrusive Complex (EIC) of the Ring of Fire Intrusive Suite (RoFIS), a total of 50 chromite-bearing samples from the Black Thor, Big Daddy, Blackbird, and Black Label chromite deposits have been analysed for major and trace elements. The samples represent three textural groups, as defined by the relative abundance of cumulate silicate phases and chromite. To provide deposit-specific partition coefficients for modeling, we also report on the results of laboratory experiments to measure olivine- and chromite-melt partitioning of V and Ga, which are two elements readily detectable in the chromites analysed. Comparison of the Cr/Cr+Al and Fe/Fe+Mg of the EIC chromites and compositions from previous experimental studies indicates overlap in Cr/Cr+Al between the natural samples and experiments done at >1400oC, but significant offset of the natural samples to higher Fe/Fe+Mg. This is interpreted to be the result of subsolidus Fe-Mg exchange between chromite and the silicate matrix. However, little change in Cr/Cr+Al from magmatic values, owing to the lack of an exchangeable reservoir for these elements. A comparison of the composition of the EIC chromites and a subset of samples from other tectonic settings reveals a strong similarity to chromites from the similarly-aged Munro Township komatiites. Partition coefficients for V and Ga are consistent with past results in that both elements are compatible in chromite (DV = 2-4; DGa ~ 3), and incompatible in olivine (DV = 0.01-0.14; DGa ~ 0.02), with values for V increasing with decreasing fO2. Simple fractional crystallization models that use these partition coefficients are developed that monitor the change in element behaviour based on the relative proportions of olivine to chromite in the crystallizing assemblage; from 'normal' cotectic proportions involving predominantly olivine, to chromite-only crystallization. Comparison of models to the natural chromite V-Ga array suggests that the overall positive correlation between these two elements is consistent with chromite formed from a Munro Township-like komatiitic magma crystallizing olivine and chromite in 'normal' cotectic proportions, with no evidence of the strong depletion in these elements expected for chromite-only crystallization. The V-Ga array can be explained if the initial magma responsible for chromite formation is slightly reduced with respect to the FMQ oxygen buffer (~FMQ- 0.5), and has assimilated up to ~20% of wall-rock banded iron formation or granodiorite. Despite the evidence for contamination, results indicate that the EIC chromitites crystallized from 'normal' cotectic proportions of olivine to chromite, and therefore no specific causative link is made between contamination and chromitite formation. Instead, the development of near- monomineralic chromite layers likely involves the preferential removal of olivine relative to chromite by physical segregation during magma flow. As suggested for some other chromitite-forming systems, the specific fluid dynamic regime during magma emplacement may therefore be responsible for crystal sorting and chromite accumulation.