Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Beer – Ohio

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Beer – Ohio”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 26 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Beer – Ohio"

O'Leary, Brendan. "Walker Connor (1926–2017): a tribute†." Nationalities Papers 45, no. 5 (2017): 725–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2017.1350943.

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Walker Connor was born in 1926, and was contemporaneous with my own father, so not surprisingly he was a father figure to me. Unlike my own father Walker made it past 90. Those of us privileged to have been Walker's friend will miss his mischievous humor and twinkling eyes, and his fondness for combining rich conversation with craft beers. Indeed his son Dan told me Walker deliberately had a beer a couple of days before he died. All will be pleased to know that he remained possessed of his faculties and character to the end. He is survived by his two sons Peter and Dan Connor, and their partners; by his daughter, Professor Joan Connor of Athens, Ohio, who has inherited her parents’ writings skills; and by Joan's son, Nils Walker (Kerry) Wessell, who is with us today.

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Nutting, P. Bradley. "Selling Elegant Glassware During the Great Depression: A. H. Heisey & Company and the New Deal." Business History Review 77, no. 3 (2003): 447–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680500039209.

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The sale of luxury goods during the 1930s represents an incongruous aspect of American business that has been largely ignored by historians. This essay focuses on the efforts of one manufacturer of high-quality, elegant glassware, A. H. Heisey & Company of Newark, Ohio, to survive the Great Depression. Heisey created successful new sales strategies and product designs to meet the changing tastes of its customers. Although difficult to gauge with precision, Heisey's business also benefited from the overlapping influence of several New Deal measures: the Beer–Wine Revenue Act, the National Recovery Act, and the National Housing Act. Paradoxically, Heisey was most hampered by President Roosevelt's adoption of fiscal restraint in 1937, a policy that the company's Republican executives strongly advocated.

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Braddock, Robert C. "John Hayward. The Life and Raigne of King Edward the Sixth. Edited by Barrett L. Beer. Foreword by Lacey Baldwin Smith. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1993 Pp. xii, 195. $35.00." Albion 26, no. 1 (1994): 125–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4052110.

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Babicz, Martin C. "No Money, No Beer, No Pennants: The Cleveland Indians and Baseball in the Great Depression by Scott H. LongertNo Money, No Beer, No Pennants: The Cleveland Indians and Baseball in the Great Depression, by Scott H. Longert. Athens, Ohio University Press, 2016. viii, 285 pp. $55.00 US (cloth), $24.95 US (paper or e-book)." Canadian Journal of History 52, no. 3 (2017): 622–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjh.ach.52.3.rev29.

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Herr, Leonard J. "Relationship of binucleate Rhizoctonia isolates used for biocontrol of rhizoctonia crown rot of sugar beet to anastomosis systems." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 37, no. 5 (1991): 339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m91-055.

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The relationships of 10 binucleate Rhizoctonia isolates used as biocontrol agents of rhizoctonia crown and root rot of sugar beet in Ohio to described binucleate Rhizoctonia anastomosis systems were investigated. Ten Ohio binucleate Rhizoctonia (Ohio BNR) isolates, paired in all combinations, cross anastomosed with one another, indicating that all belong to the same anastomosis group. Four representative Ohio BNR isolates failed to anastomose with any tester isolates of the Ceratobasidium anastomosis grouping system, indicating that none belong in that system. However, all 10 Ohio BNR isolates anastomosed with an AG-B (o) tester isolate (binucleate Rhizoctonia anastomosis grouping system), indicating that the Ohio agents belong in this anastomosis grouping system and to the (o) intraspecific group of AG-B. None of the Ohio BNR isolates anastomosed with either of the other two intraspecific group tester isolates (AG-Ba, AG-Bb) of the AG-B group. Moreover, the AG-B intraspecific group tester isolates, AG-Ba, AG-Bb, AG-B (o), self-anastomosed but did not cross anastomose with one another. Variations in cultural characteristics noted among the 10 Ohio BNR isolates indicated that considerable heterogeneity exists within these AG-B (o) isolates. Key words: binucleate Rhizoctonia, anastomosis, rhizoctonia crown rot, sugar beet.

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Hannibal, Joseph T., Michael E. Williams, and Gary L. Jackson. "An inexpensive source of dolomite powder for use with airbrasive units." Journal of Paleontology 62, no. 2 (1988): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002233600003002x.

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In the past few years the Cleveland Museum of Natural History has received several inquiries as to our source of dolomite for use with S.S. White® industrial airbrasive units. We have been using inexpensive, “agricultural” dolomite with these units for several years. This source was “discovered” by testing of a wide variety of dolomite sources by Peter Kotulak, a former preparator at the Museum, under the direction of M.E.W. We are currently using OHSO® Pulverized Limestone, a kiln-dried dolomitic limestone recommended for agricultural, and lawn and garden, use. It is produced by the Ohio® Lime Co., of Woodville, Ohio. A 22.7 kg (50 pound) bag costs $2.25, and is available at building supply companies. The dolomite must be sieved and dried to prevent clogging of the unit's line and nozzle. We use a Ro-Tap® Testing Sieve Shaker to sieve the material, with #30 (595 micron), #60 (250 micron), and #100 (150 micron) U.S.A. standard testing sieves. An incandescent desk lamp can be placed over an open container of the sieved dolomite to keep it dry. Used powder may be re-sieved for reuse if desired.

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Sarver, Matthew A., and Chris O. Yoder. "First Records of Freckled Madtom (Noturus nocturnus) in Ohio, USA." Ohio Journal of Science 121, no. 2 (2021): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18061/ojs.v121i2.8033.

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Two new Ohio localities for the Freckled Madtom (Noturus nocturnus Jordan and Gilbert, 1886) were recently discovered. These are the first, and currently only, Freckled Madtom collected in Ohio waters. A single individual was collected in the Scioto River in Scioto County by the Midwest Biodiversity Institute (MBI) and a previously misidentified specimen was collected in the Ohio River at the Hannibal Locks and Dam by the Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission (ORSANCO). The closest historical records are from the Little Sandy River and Big Sandy River drainages in eastern Kentucky. Other Ohio River collections have been made near the border of Kentucky and Indiana. The origins of the recent Ohio specimens are unknown; whether they emanate from other known populations or have been overlooked altogether is unclear.

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Thompson, Erin L., P. S. S. Rao, Christopher Hayes, and Catherine Purtill. "Dispensing Naloxone Without a Prescription: Survey Evaluation of Ohio Pharmacists." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 32, no. 4 (2018): 412–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190018759225.

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Background: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports a 200% escalation in the rate of opioid overdose deaths in the United States. Unfortunately, Ohio has been deemed the epicenter of the nation’s opioid epidemic. In 2015, Ohio passed a bill that permits a pharmacist to distribute naloxone without a prescription. Objectives: This survey was aimed to discover pharmacists’ knowledge of naloxone and Ohio law, perceived barriers that may prohibit naloxone dispensing, and Ohio pharmacists’ general confidence, comfort, perception, and experience dispensing naloxone per physician protocol. Methods: Pharmacists’ knowledge of naloxone and Ohio law pertaining to dispensing naloxone; perceived barriers to naloxone distribution; and overall experience, willingness, comfort, and perceptions of personally supplying naloxone were assessed using multiple-choice and Likert-type scale questions through an e-mail survey. Results: Overall, Ohio pharmacists were knowledgeable about naloxone and displayed confidence in their training and ability to provide patient education on naloxone. Pharmacists were less certain about Ohio law pertaining to naloxone distribution, especially those who have been in practice longer. Pharmacists indicated several barriers to dispensing naloxone and the need for more training. Younger pharmacists were more likely to report a concern with clientele who would frequent their pharmacy and moral and ethical concerns as barriers to dispensing naloxone. Conclusion: Additional educational programs should be delivered to Ohio pharmacists to inform them of the state law and policies. Continuing education programs that review substance abuse and attempt to reduce social stigma may assist with increasing naloxone distribution to those in need, especially, if directed toward younger pharmacists in Ohio.

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Berry, S. Z., and W. A. Gould. "‘Ohio 832’ Tomato." HortScience 21, no. 2 (1986): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.21.2.334.

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Abstract ‘Ohio 832’ is an early, main-season, processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) suitable for hand or machine harvest with fruit qualities that make it especially suitable for juice, sauce, and coreless whole-pack. ‘Ohio 832’ was released by Ohio State Univ., 3 Oct 1985. Several thousand acres of this tomato have been grown by the processing industry in the eastern and mid-western United States. It has been well received by growers and processors and use is increasing.

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Pollay, Richard W., and Banwari Mittal. "Here's the Beef: Factors, Determinants, and Segments in Consumer Criticism of Advertising." Journal of Marketing 57, no. 3 (1993): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224299305700307.

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A comprehensive model of attitudes toward advertising includes three personal utility factors (product information, social image information, and hedonic amusement) and four socioeconomic factors (good for economy, fostering materialism, corrupting values, and falsity/no-sense). The proposed 7-factor model was tested on two independent samples: collegians (188) and householders (195) from Ohio and Mississippi Valley states, explaining 62% and 56% of the variance in their global attitudes, respectively. The model's dimensions were used to profile these publics and to identify attitudinal segments within them. Most respondents exhibited conflict between an appreciation of the personal uses and economic value of advertising and an apprehension of cultural degradation.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Beer – Ohio"

Castro, Aneliese I. "Football, Beer, and Branding: A Case Study of the Ohio State University." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/248.

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This thesis is about the Ohio State University and the fans of the OSU Buckeyes Football Team. In a study of the students that attend this university, I highlight the behavioral norms that dictate their identities and daily practices. I mean this report to serve as an example of the way in which college football, the marketing and rhetoric of the university, and larger cultural assumptions about college form individual identity. The perspective employed in this report is that of the anthropological process of participant observation, and therefore includes personal reflections throughout my research. This thesis focuses on the theoretical framework of Erving Goffman and discusses the intersection between college football and undergraduate education.

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Lanterman, Jessie L. "Re-establishment of Wild Bee Communities on Reclaimed Ohio Coal Mines." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500453116904491.

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Davis, Tanya S. "The Ohio Achievement Assessment and Deaf / Hearing Impaired Students: Have They Been Left Behind?" University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1368027123.

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Hensler, Amanda Lauren. "A Comparison Of Rotational And Continuously Stocked Pasture In Appalachian Ohio." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1228327260.

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Patent, Keisha Marie. "National Animal Identification System: An Analysis of Willingness to Comply Among Ohio and Kentucky Beef Show Participants." The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1392980060.

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Smith, Alan William. "Population dynamics and chemical ecology of the honey bee tracheal mite, Acarapis woodi (Acari: tarsonemidae), in Ohio /." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487677267729617.

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Folck, Alcinda L. "Case Study of Strategic Communication Campaigns by Certification Programs." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1354542044.

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Beery, Timothy Russell. "pthom: for Wind Symphony." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1525987834595707.

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Belford, Angel. "How Are Environmental Health Risks Communicated?" Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1148305230.

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Spring, MaLisa R. "Impacts of Urban Greenspace Management on Beneficial Insect Communities." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492682461719594.

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Książki na temat "Beer – Ohio"

Musson, Robert A. Brewing beer in the Glass City: A history of the brewing industry in Toledo Ohio. Zepp Publications, 2011.

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Musson, Robert A. Brewing beer in the Queen City: A pictorial history of the brewing industry in Cincinnati, Ohio. Zepp Publications, 2011.

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Brewing beer in the Gem City: A pictorial history of the brewing industry in Dayton, Ohio. Zepp Publications, 2011.

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Musson, Robert A. Brewing beer in the buckeye state: A history of the brewing industry in Eastern Ohio from 1808 to 2004. Zepp Publications/Indiana Publishing Co., 1997.

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Musson, Robert A. Brewing beer in the Mahoning valley: A pictorial history of the brewing industry in Alliance, Warren, Niles, and Youngstown, Ohio, and New Castle, Pennsylvania. Zepp Publications, 2011.

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Musson, Robert A. Brewing beer in the forest city: A pictorial history of the brewing industry in Cleveland, Ohio. Zepp Publications, 2012.

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MacKinnon, Jamie. The Great Lakes beer guide: Eastern region : an affectionate, opinionated guide to the beers of Michigan, New York, Ohio, Ontario, Pennsylvania, Quebec, and Vermont. Boston Mills Press, 1997.

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Publications, American Historical, ed. Ohio biographical dictionary: People of all times and all places who have been important to the history and life of the state. American Historical Publications, 1986.

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Society, Adams County Genealogical. Bits and pieces of happenings during the 200 years that Adams County has been a part of the state of Ohio, 1803 through 2002. Published by Adams County Genealogical Society, 2003.

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Schieber, Curt. Columbus Beer: Recent Brewing and Deep Roots. Arcadia Publishing, 2017.

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Części książek na temat "Beer – Ohio"

"Moerlein Lager House." In Fifty Must-Try Craft Beers of Ohio. Ohio University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv224tzqg.58.

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"Zaftig Brewing Co." In Fifty Must-Try Craft Beers of Ohio. Ohio University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv224tzqg.73.

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"B.O.R.I.S. the Crusher." In Fifty Must-Try Craft Beers of Ohio. Ohio University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv224tzqg.13.

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"Turbo Shandy." In Fifty Must-Try Craft Beers of Ohio. Ohio University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv224tzqg.49.

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"Brad Clark." In Fifty Must-Try Craft Beers of Ohio. Ohio University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv224tzqg.74.

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"Nutcase Peanut Butter Porter." In Fifty Must-Try Craft Beers of Ohio. Ohio University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv224tzqg.33.

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"Humulus Nimbus." In Fifty Must-Try Craft Beers of Ohio. Ohio University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv224tzqg.29.

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"Hairless Hare Brewery." In Fifty Must-Try Craft Beers of Ohio. Ohio University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv224tzqg.68.

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"Hop Juju." In Fifty Must-Try Craft Beers of Ohio. Ohio University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv224tzqg.28.

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"Albino Stout." In Fifty Must-Try Craft Beers of Ohio. Ohio University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv224tzqg.4.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Beer – Ohio"

Hiebert, Dwight Randy, and John Griffin. "Biomineralization: Surface Injection Eliminates Bradenhead Pressure." In SPE Oklahoma City Oil and Gas Symposium. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/213099-ms.

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Abstract An oil well in Ohio in the process of being decommissioned had pressure on the 13-3/8" × 9-5/8" annulus. Ohio Department of Natural Resources (ODNR) regulations require gas flow be eliminated prior to abandonment, prompting remediation. Several cement plugs had already been set in the well, preventing access for a traditional perf and squeeze technique to treat the leak without drilling out the plugs. A biomineralization company was contracted by an operator in Ohio to apply their proprietary biomineralization technology to seal leakage pathways in the cemented annulus via direct injection into the annulus at surface. The operator prepared the well for surface injection by adding lines and valves to the 13-3/8" × 9-5/8" annulus to allow for pumping in the inlet and out the outlet. Biomineralizing fluids were then pumped into the well, where they formed crystalline calcium carbonate in the micro annuli. Thirty-six hours after the start of treatment, the injection rate had dropped by several orders of magnitude. Subsequent monitoring by a ODNR personnel determined gas flow had been eliminated and the well was approved for permanent abandonment.

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Graham, G. M., and M. K. Alam. "Study of a Wall Jet Burner for the Outside Vapor Deposition Process." In ASME 1996 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-1042.

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Abstract An elongated wall jet burner for the production of optical fiber preforms using the outside vapor deposition process has been developed at Ohio University. The burner has been tested experimentally and has been found to produce a laminar flame jet at relatively large flow rates. The elongated design permits the deposition of SiO2 soot particles over a larger substrate area than for cylindrical burners. The burner has been tested in combination with a flat plate substrate to support concurrent numerical modeling efforts. The numerical model uses the commercial code FLUENT for computing the velocity and temperature fields and a second code developed at Ohio University for computing the particle deposition. Experimental data are used for velocity and temperature boundary conditions. Numerically computed deposition efficiencies correlate with experimental data.

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Hamdi, Mahtab, and Andrea Tognetti. "New Iconic Crossing Across the Scioto River, Dublin - Ohio." In Footbridge 2022 (Madrid): Creating Experience. Asociación Española de Ingeniería Estructural, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24904/footbridge2022.223.

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The Scioto River Pedestrian Bridge is located in Dublin, Ohio. The team involved in the realization of this iconic structure included the City of Dublin Ohio, Paul Endres of Enderstudio, TY Lin, Kokosing Construction, Genesis Structures, Michael Baker, SBP and Redaelli.This pedestrian and bicycle bridge provides a new connection between the Riverside Crossing Park on the east side with Dublin’s beloved historic district over the Scioto River. This crucial new link brings together two communties and “serves as landmark for the City of Dublin representing connectivity and inclusivity” the words of Dublin’s Deputy City Manager.232 metres long, 4.3 metres wide, the bridge has a 153-metre-long suspension span in a reverse curve. The bridge is characterized by the needle shape concrete mast, the “S” shape deck and the cable hangers that connect to only one side of the deck. The large diameter main catenary cables are split and connected at the mast top with a neat connection avoiding the need for a traditional large saddle casting that was deemed to have been visually obtrusive.Redaelli designed, manufactured, supplied and installed the two main catenary cables, the tie down cable, and the hanger cable system including clamps and specifically designed spherical pins and washers to accommodate any rotations between the cable sockets and the anchor plates under live load events.

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Kumar, G. N., R. M. Jenkins, and U. Sahu. "Regionally Averaged Endwall Heat Transfer Correlations for a Linear Vane Cascade." In ASME 1985 International Gas Turbine Conference and Exhibit. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/85-gt-19.

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This paper presents an analysis of endwall heat transfer correlations for a linear vane cascade. The data base used for the present correlations was developed originally by Detroit Diesel Allison (now Allison Gas Turbine Division, General Motors) under a contract sponsored jointly by the Air Force Aero Propulsion Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, and NASA-Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. Correlations are made for overall averaged, regionally averaged, and locally averaged values of Stanton number. Emphasis, however, has been placed on regional averages; regions of particular interest are the cascade leading edge (pressure side) and the cascade trailing edge wake. Independent parameters used in the correlations are exit Reynolds number, exit Mach number, inlet turbulence intensity, and average wall-to-gas temperature ratio. Typical inferences to be drawn from the correlations include a minimal dependency on Mach number and a greater than expected dependency on wall-to-gas temperature ratio.

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Kruth, Jeffrey T. "Investigating Terms of Transition in the Ohio River Valley." In 112th ACSA Annual Meeting. ACSA Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.112.89.

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As an existing condition, many of the landscapes of the Ohio River Valley and Appalachian region have been abandoned by both a market-driven economy and meaningful state intervention. Under-resourced, these communities now face another generation of disinvestment.Recently, local politicians and leaders within the Ohio River Valley from Youngstown, Dayton, Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, and elsewhere have called for a Marshall Plan for Middle America to reinvest in these deteriorated communities. Similarly, the recent Bipartisan Infrastructure Law promises investment in the area. The encouraging side of these plans largely call for an investment into sustainable businesses, without a design or planning framework for the broader community, in contrast to earlier large scale government programs and administrations such as the New Deal. Even with admirable calls for investment, there is the danger of repeating problematictop-down planning agendas, and eschewing community needs in favor of private interests.Given this framework, this paper discusses the work of a recent upper level undergraduate architecture studio. Pedagogically central to our investigation is the design of institutions, and the role of the architect in relation to private and state actors. While many architecture studios begin with the assumption that adequate funding will support a student’s hypothetical design, we began our work researching the limitations of existing institutions, their funding streams, and their spatial extents. Working alongside community partners Reimagine Appalachia, we questioned the existing functions of institutions including local governments, industries receiving public dollars as part of harmful extraction economies, and the infrastructures that support these activities that are seen asnormative. As a result, student designs included the redesign of institutional practices alongside their architecturalinterventions.

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Kremer, Gregory G., Timothy J. Ryan, and Shyler Switzer. "A Risk Assessment Method and Safety Plan for a University Research Lab." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67286.

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Risk management processes follow relatively well established steps, but the hazard identification and risk assessment steps often depend heavily on “experts” with relevant expertise and operating experience. This paper presents a tool developed to help novice researchers identify and assess hazards more efficiently. The hazard identification tool was developed in the form of an updatable algorithm, based initially on previous risk assessments for similar situations as well as checklists and guidelines available from academic texts, Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA), and industry. Major risk categories included in the algorithm include: a) Ergonomics and Mechanical, b) Chemical, c) Physical (including Electrical Hazards, Fire Safety, Noise Hazards, and Radiation Hazards), d) Psychological and Organizational, and e) Biological. In the initial test of the algorithm, a team of non-experts used the algorithm to identify risks for two Ohio Coal Research Center (OCRC) projects dealing with solid oxide fuel cell and electrostatic precipitator testing. Their results were comparable to the list of risks generated by a group of “research experts” without the algorithm. Future plans include making the algorithm available on a wiki platform to collaboratively develop it with the combined knowledge, experience and perspectives of all participating researchers. This paper also describes the overall safety plan for the Ohio Coal Research Center (OCRC), which operates within the Institute for Sustainable Energy and the Environment (ISEE) at Ohio University. An OCRC safety flow diagram is presented that has been successfully used to improve the safety of new research projects being led by new researchers.

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Potucek, Jindrich, and Jerry Pfuntner. "Stay-cable Bridge Construction Accelerated." In IABSE Symposium, Istanbul 2023: Long Span Bridges. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/istanbul.2023.0434.

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The standard cast-in-place segmental balanced-cantilever construction technique for long-span, cable-stayed bridges has been well known and widely used; however, it can lead to extensive construction time and places the construction of the pylon on the critical path of the schedule. The Oakley C. Collins Memorial Bridge over the Ohio River (between Ironton, Ohio and Russell, Kentucky, USA) was built with a new construction technique targeting this issue and accelerating construction by implementing several innovative value engineering ideas proposed by COWI, the Contractor’s Construction Engineer. These include the use of back-span falsework, allowing the side span superstructure to be cast-in-place on falsework during pylon construction; the use of precast stay anchor blocks for rapid installation and better geometry control of the stay anchorages; and guide pipes and unidirectional cantilever casting, reducing the casting cycle duration to as little as one segment per week. This paper presents the construction details that significantly reduced the superstructure casting schedule and design modifications to the superstructure.

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Biswas, Arunava, and Gary L. Kinzel. "Development of Interactive Tutorials to Aid in Teaching of a Rapid Design Prototyping Laboratory Course." In ASME 1995 15th International Computers in Engineering Conference and the ASME 1995 9th Annual Engineering Database Symposium collocated with the ASME 1995 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cie1995-0776.

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Abstract A rapid design prototyping facility comprising of table top CNC milling machines, CNC lathes, CAD/CAM workstations and an injection molding machine has been established at the Ohio State University. Interactive tutorials have been developed for helping the users to learn the details of the machines and the software programs. The tutorials have successfully improved the learning efficiencies of the students and reduced the training costs for instructors. This paper presents an overview of the tutorials.

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Ahearn, Mike J., Samuel D. Pearson, and Charles R. Witt. "Fernald Silos 1&2 Stabilized Waste Transport and Disposal Packages." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2803.

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Approximately 7000 packages of stabilized waste from Silos 1&2 at the Fernald Closure Project in southern Ohio will be transported to a disposal facility. These packages have been designed to meet both transport regulations for an IP-2 package and waste acceptance criteria for the disposal facility. Key features of the package and transport conveyance designs are discussed, as well as the testing programs conducted during development of this equipment.

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Biswas, Arunava, and Gary L. Kinzel. "Development of a Computer-Aided Rapid Design Prototyping Facility for Engineering Education." In ASME 1995 15th International Computers in Engineering Conference and the ASME 1995 9th Annual Engineering Database Symposium collocated with the ASME 1995 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cie1995-0779.

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Abstract A rapid design prototyping laboratory has been established at the Ohio State University. The purpose of the laboratory was to effectively bridge the gap between industry expectations and the students’ hands-on experience with the CAD/CAM process and develop and teach integrated CAD/CAM courses utilizing the facilities. The laboratory contains CNC milling machines, CNC lathes, an injection molding machine, and workstations running CAD/CAM software. The facility has been well integrated into the teaching program. This paper discusses the background and establishment, operation and utilization of this laboratory.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Beer – Ohio"

Michel Jr., Frederick C., Harry A. J. Hoitink, Yitzhak Hadar, and Dror Minz. Microbial Communities Active in Soil-Induced Systemic Plant Disease Resistance. United States Department of Agriculture, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7586476.bard.

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Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR) is a highly variable property that can be induced by compost amendment of potting media and soils. For example, previous studies showed that only 1 of 79 potting mixes prepared with different batches of mature composts produced from several different types of solid wastes were able to suppress the severity of bacterial leaf spot of radish caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. armoraciae compared with disease on plants produced in a nonamended sphagnum peat mix. In this project, microbial consortia in the rhizosphere of plants grown in ISR-active compost-amended substrates were characterized. The plants used included primarily cucumber but also tomato and radish. Rhizosphere microbial consortia were characterized using multiple molecular tools including DGGE (Israel) and T -RFLP (Ohio) in both ISR-active field plots and potting media. Universal as well as population-specific bacterial and fungal PCR primers were utilized. T -RFLP analyses using universal bacterial primers showed few significant differences in overall bacterial community composition in ISR-active and inactive substrates (Ohio). In addition, the community members which were significantly different varied when different ISR-activecomposts were used (Ohio). To better characterize the shifts in microbial community structure during the development of ISR, population specific molecular tools were developed (Israel, Ohio).-PCR primers were designed to detect and quantify bacterial groups including Pyrenomycetes, Bacillus, Pan toea, Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas and Streptomyces as well as Trichoderma and Fusarium; two groups of fungi that harbor isolates which are ISR active (Isreal and Ohio). Bacterial consortia associated with cucumber plants grown in compost-amended potting mixtures were shown to be dominated by the phylogenetic taxon Bacteroidetes, including members of the genus Chryseobacterium, which in some cases have been shown to be involved in biocontrol (Israel). Nested-PCR-DGGE analyses coupled with long l6S rDNA sequencing, demonstrated that the Chryseobacteriumspp. detected on seed and the root in compost-amended treatments were derived from the compost itself. The most effective ISR inducing rhizobacterial strains were identified as Bacillus sp. based on partial sequencing of l6S rDNA. However, these strains were significantly less effective in reducing the severity of disease than Trichoderma hamatum382 (T382). A procedure was developed for inoculation of a compost-amended substrate with T -382 which consistently induced ISR in cucumber against Phytophthora blight caused by Phytophthora capsiciand in radish against bacterial spot (Ohio). Inoculation of compost-amended potting mixes with biocontrol agents such as T -382 and other microbes that induce systemic resistance in plants significantly increased the frequency of systemic disease control obtained with natural compost amendments.

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Paolinelli, Luciano, and Srdjan Nesic. PR646-173609-Z01 Water Wetting Prediction Tool for Pipeline Integrity. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012111.

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Current approaches for pipeline integrity management, as related to internal corrosion, largely depend on Internal Corrosion Direct Assessment (ICDA) type approach. An essential part of these assessments is to predict if corrosive water phase is in direct contact with the internal pipe wall, a phenomenon commonly called "water wetting". In general, water wetting prediction models currently used by pipe integrity engineers are lagging behind the current level understanding. The Institute for Corrosion and Multiphase Technology (ICMT) at Ohio University has developed and validated a mechanistic model that combines multiphase flow and wetting physics of oil and water on steel surfaces. This work that is the outcome of many years of focused industrially sponsored research is published in the open literature. However, its implementation into an integrity management tool has not been done yet. This PRCI project is devoted to developing a tool to predict water wetting for product pipelines as well as for crude oil pipelines and flow lines, based on Ohio University's work.

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Brenkus, Natassia, Garrett Tatum, Pedram Ghassemi, and Lautaro Martinez. Creep and Shrinkage of Nonproprietary Ultra-High Performance Concrete. Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15554/pci.rr.mat-014.

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Work to characterize the creep and shrinkage of UHPC has been mainly performed on proprietary or lab-formulated mixes; this report describes the first effort to characterize creep and shrinkage properties of UHPC mixes explicitly formulated for use in large-scale precast/prestressed operations. To provide better knowledge about UHPCs, the research group at The Ohio State University performed a comprehensive study on the creep and shrinkage behavior of five UHPC mixes developed for use in the precast/prestressed industry using non-proprietary, locally available materials. This report details the experimental effort and its findings.

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Wolfenson, David, William W. Thatcher, and James E. Kinder. Regulation of LH Secretion in the Periovulatory Period as a Strategy to Enhance Ovarian Function and Fertility in Dairy and Beef Cows. United States Department of Agriculture, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586458.bard.

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The general research objective was to increase herd pregnancy rates by enhancing corpus luteum (CL) function and optimizing follicle development, in order to increase conception rate and embryo survival. The specific objectives were: to determine the effect of the duration of the preovulatory LH surge on CL function; to determine the function of LH during the postovulatory period on CL development; to optimize CL differentiation and follicle development by means of a biodegradable GnRH implant; to test whether optimization of CL development and follicle dynamics in timed- insemination protocols would improve fertility in high-yielding dairy cows. Low fertility in cattle results in losses of hundreds of millions of dollars in the USA and Israel. Two major causes of low fertility are formation of a functionally impaired CL, and subsequent enhanced ovarian follicle development. A functionally impaired CL may result from suboptimal LH secretion. The two major causes of low fertility in dairy cattle in US and Israel are negative energy status and summer heat stress; in both situations, low fertility is associated with reductions in LH secretion and impaired development of the ovulatory follicle and of the CL. In Florida, the use of 450-mg deslorelin (GnRH analogue) implants to induce ovulation, under the Ovsynch protocol resulted in a higher pregnancy rates than use of 750-mg implants, and pregnancy losses tended to decrease compared to controls, due probably to decrease in follicular development and estradiol secretion at the time of conceptus signaling to maintain the CL. An alternative strategy to enhance progesterone concentrations involved induction of an accessory CL by injection of hCG on day 5 after the cows were inseminated. Treatment with hCG resulted in 86% of the cows having two CLs, compared with 23% of the control cows. Conception rates were higher among the hCG-treated cows than among the controls. Another approach was to replace the second injection of GnRH analogue, in a timed-insemination protocol, with estradiol cypionate (ECP) injected 24 h after the injection of PGF₂ₐ Pregnancy rates were comparable with those obtained under the regular Ovsynch (timed- AI) program. Use of ECP induced estrus, and cows inseminated at detected estrus are indeed more fertile than those not in estrus at the time of insemination. Collectively, the BARD-supported programs at the University of Florida have improved timed insemination programs. In Ohio, the importance of the frequency of LH episodes during the early stages of the estrous cycle of cattle, when the corpus luteum is developing, was studied in an in vivo experiment in which cows were subjected to various episodic exposures to exogenous bovine LH. Results indicate that the frequent LH episodes immediately following the time of ovulation are important in development of the corpus luteum, from the points of view of both size and functionality. In another study, rates of cell proliferation and numbers of endothelial cells were examined in vitro in CLs collected from cows that received post-ovulation pulsatile LH treatment at various frequencies. The results indicate that the corpora lutea growth that results from luteal cell proliferation is enhanced by the episodes of LH release that occur immediately after the time of ovulation in cattle. The results also show that luteal endothelial cell numbers did not differ among cows treated with different LH doses. In Israel. a longer duration of the preovulatory LH surge stimulated the steroidogenic capacity of granulosa-derived luteal cells, and might, thereby, contribute to a higher progesterone output from the bovine corpus luteum. In an in vivo study, a subgroup of high-yielding dairy cows with extended estrus to ovulation interval was identified. Associated with this extended interval were: low plasma progesterone and estradiol concentrations and a low preovulatory LH surge prior to ovulation, as well as low post- ovulation progesterone concentration. In experiments based on the above results, we found that injection of GnRH at the onset of estrus increased the LHpeak, prevented late ovulation, decreased the variability between cows and elicited high and uniform progesterone levels after ovulation. GnRH at estrus onset increased conception rates, especially in the summer, and among primiparous cows and those with low body condition. Another study compared ovarian functions in multiparous lactating cows with those in nulliparous non-lactating heifers. The results revealed differences in ovarian follicular dynamics, and in plasma concentrations of steroids and gonadotropins that may account for the differences in fertility between heifers and cows.

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Todd, B. J., C. F. M. Lewis, and G. D. Hobson. Resurrection of 1967 single-channel seismic reflection data and isopach map of sediments in central and eastern Lake Erie, Ontario, Canada, and Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York, U.S.A. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331498.

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In the Laurentian Great Lakes, the seismostratigraphy revealed by legacy seismic reflection profiles (i.e., analogue paper records) provides insight to the history of glaciation and deglaciation, sediment deposition and lake level history. Digital recovery and analysis of Great Lakes legacy seismic data is a cost-effective method to generate the offshore broad scale surfaces pertinent to the surficial framework geology layer required as input by three-dimensional stratigraphic studies. This Open File describes the digital recovery of 1566 km of recently discovered single channel seismic reflection data collected in central and eastern Lake Erie in the summer of 1967. A legacy isopach map of sediment thickness, based on the 1967 data, has also been resurrected.

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Bingham, Sonia, and Craig Young. Sentinel wetlands in Cuyahoga Valley National Park: I. Ecological characterization and management insights, 2008–2018. Edited by Tani Hubbard. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2296885.

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Sentinel wetlands at Cuyahoga Valley National Park (NP) comprise a set of twenty important management areas and reference sites. These wetlands are monitored more closely than other wetlands in the wetlands monitoring program and are the focus of the volunteer monitoring program for water levels. We used the Ohio Rapid Assessment Method (ORAM) to evaluate habitat in the sentinel wetlands. A total of 37 long-term sample plots have been established within these wetlands to monitor biological condition over time using vegetation as an indicator. Vegetation is intensively surveyed using the Vegetation Index of Biotic Integrity (VIBI), where all plant species within the plot are identiﬁed to the lowest taxonomic level possible (genus or species). Sample plots were surveyed twice from 2008 to 2018 and the vegetation data were evaluated using ﬁve metrics: VIBI, Floristic Quality Assessment Index (FQAI), percent sensitive plant species, percent invasive graminoids, and species richness. These metrics are discussed for each location. This report also highlights relevant land use histories, common native plant species, and invasive species of concern at each wetland. This is the ﬁrst report in a two-part series, designed to summarize the results from intensive vegetation surveys completed at sentinel wetlands in 2008–2018. Boston Mills, Virginia Kendall Lake, Stumpy Basin, Columbia, and Beaver Marsh are all in excellent condition at one or more plots. They have unique habitats with some specialized plant species. Fawn Pond is in good condition at most plots and scores very high in comparison to other wetlands within the riverine mainstem hydrogeomorphic class. Metric scores across mitigation wetlands were low. Two of the three wetlands (Brookside and Rockside) are not meeting the benchmarks originally established by the United States Army Corps of Engineers and Ohio Environmental Protection Agency. Krejci is still a young mitigation site and success will be determined over time. Park-supported invasive species control eﬀorts will be crucial for long-term success of these sites and future mitigation/restoration projects. The wetlands monitored because of proposed ecological restoration projects (Pleasant Valley, Stanford, and Fawn Pond) have extensive invasive plant communities. These restoration sites should be re-evaluated for their feasibility and potential success and given an order of prioritization relative to the newer list of restoration sites. Cuyahoga Valley NP has added many new areas to their list of potential wetland restoration sites after these areas were selected, and there may be better opportunities available based on restoration objectives. Restoration goals should be based on the park's desired future conditions, and mitigation goals of outside partners may not always be in line with those. The multiple VIBI plots dispersed throughout the large wetlands at Cuyahoga Valley NP detected and illuminated spatial patterns in condition. Many individual wetlands had a wide range of VIBI scores within their boundaries, sometimes reﬂecting localized disturbances, past modiﬁcations, and management actions. Most often, these large ﬂuctuations in condition were linked to local invasive plant infestations. These infestations appear to be the most obvious and widespread threat to wetland ecosystems within the park, but also the most controllable threat. Some sensitive species are still present in some of the lowest scoring plots, which indicates that invasive plant species control eﬀorts may pay oﬀ immediately with a resurgence of native communities. Invasive plant control at rare habitat sites would have large payoﬀs over time by protecting some of the park's most unique wetlands. Reference wetlands would also be good demonstration sites for park managers to try to maintain exemplary conditions through active management. Through this work, park managers can evaluate the feasibility, eﬀectiveness, and scalability of management practices required to maintain wetland condition.

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Thompson and Lawson. L51888 Development of Coupons for Monitoring Cathodic Protection Systems. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010179.

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The use of coupons has been discussed and utilized for some time and is more prevalent in Europe than in the United States. Externally buried coupons have been utilized for different reasons including corrosion rate measurements, but their primary use has been for monitoring the effectiveness of a CP system. A detailed review of coupon studies is presented below. Renewed interest in the coupon technology was prompted by several studies performed by CC Technologies for PRCI that examined the use of off-potential measurements for evaluating the effectiveness of the CP system. These studies examined possible errors in the off-potential measurements including: Potential transients following the interruption of the CP system (spiking phenomenon). Interference due to multiple pipelines in the same right-of-way. Errors caused by long-line currents. Errors in monitoring local pipe conditions due to averaging large areas of pipe when making ground level pipe-to-soil potential measurements. In addition to the above studies which show conditions for which the off-potential measurements may not accurately represent the conditions locally on the pipe surface, a relatively common condition is the inability to interrupt all sources of the CP current on pipelines in congested areas or those structures with sacrificial anode cathodic protection directly bonded to the structure. Interpretation of pipe-to-soil potentials is made more difficult in areas of stray and/or telluric current activity. Therefore, there is a desire to utilize coupons as a more general tool for evaluating the level of CP. The areas targeted in this study are those areas for which the off-potential measurements are either difficult to perform or to interpret and for which a better means is needed for monitoring the CP level of the structure. Beginning in 1992, PRCI funded a program for the development, proof of concept, and evaluation of the coupon technology as applied to monitoring cathodic protection effectiveness on underground pipelines. The objectives for this project were: To provide a proof of concept for the use of coupons as a method to monitor the effectiveness of CP without interruption of the CP System. (Phase I). To establish guidelines for the use of coupons as a monitoring methodology for determining the level of protection on a pipeline. (Phase II). To provide a better understanding of the relationship between the coupon and the surface condition of the pipe. (Phase III). To quantify the technology such that it can be used as an alternative to conventional monitoring practices, specifically as a means of applying an acceptable criteria for CP. (Phase III). The scope of work included laboratory tests involving large soil boxes containing simulated coated-pipe segments with full size coupon test stations, finite element modeling of coupons near the pipe, full scale pipe tests at the Sugar Grove Test Facility and CC Technologies' Dublin, Ohio Pipe Test Facility, and test sites on operating pipelines throughout the United States.

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Sun, S., F. R. Brunton, T. R. Carter, et al. Porosity and permeability variations in the Silurian Lockport Group and A-1 carbonate unit, southwestern Ontario. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331902.

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This is the first regional porosity/permeability study to incorporate petroleum industry laboratory core analyses submitted to the Ontario government and managed by Ontario's Oil Gas and Salt Resources Library. This study comprises 11,759 analyses for the Early Silurian Lockport Group of southwestern Ontario from 150 drill cores. The Lockport Group consists of a cyclic succession of dolostones and minor limestones comprising, in ascending order: Gasport, Goat Island, Eramosa, and Guelph formations. This stacked carbonate succession was deposited on an eastward-deepening carbonate ramp, extending from Michigan, through southwestern Ontario, to Ohio, Pennsylvania and New York. It is overlain disconformably by restricted marine carbonates, evaporites and mixed shales of the Salina Group, whereas unconformably underlain by one of four formations that include, the Lions Head (a stratigraphic equivalent of part of the Rochester), DeCew, Rochester and Irondequoit. To ensure appropriate stratigraphic assignment of the laboratory test intervals, a quality assurance/quality control review on formational tops was carried out on the 150 cores that were tested. This regional subsurface work resulted in the reassignment of 846 formation tops that were verified by examination of drill core, drill cuttings, and geophysical well data including gamma-ray, neutron and density logs. Core analysis datasets have been validated by summarizing laboratory protocols and standards and reconciling data fields in the core analysis database with auxiliary data, including geophysical logs, thin sections, and core examinaion. This auxiliary data was then used to identify data outliers to update the core analysis database. The measurements of porosity and permeability were then assigned a formation rank plotted on a subregional scale. Average porosity and permeability values have been divided into statistical populations for each formation assigned by three depositional realms. The southwestern Ontario study area has been divided into three paleogeographic settings, based on distinctive lithofacies that correspond to different carbonate depositional regimes and regions of paleokarstification. From northwest to southeast, the lithofacies reflect an inner to outer carbonate ramp setting designated as area 1-3 from northwest to southeast. Area 1 is the inter-pinnacle karst region and includes some of thepinnacle structures within the Lockport Group. This region has the most significant paleokarstification of the upper Lockport Group (Guelph and Goat Island formations) and overlying Salina Group A-unit. Area 2 has rare pinnacle structures, where no porosity/permeability core analyses data are available. Area 3 is the middle to outer portion of the Lockport carbonate ramp, with local development of reef mound phases in the lower Goat Island and Gasport formations. The porosity and permeability variability corresponds with areal distribution of paleokarstification and resulting diagenetic phases in Area 1, and lithofacies variations and temporal/spatial history of karstification in Area 3. Higher porosity and permeability generally coincide with greater thicknesses of the oil and gas reservoir within pinnacles in Area 1 and reef mound phases of Lockport Group and lower Salina Group A-1 Carbonate in Area 3. Within inter-pinnacle karst regions in Area 1, average porosity for each formation is consistently high with little variations. In Area 3, a general increase of porosity and permeability towards the southeast corresponds with lithofacies ranging from restricted lagoonal/platform interior deposits to carbonate bank deposits with local development of reef mound phases in the Gasport and Goat Island formations. There has been significant erosion and karstification within and at the tops of these pinnacles, resulting in higher porosity and permeability of the Guelph and upper Goat Island formations, and the overlying Salina Group A-1 unit. Paleokarstic events have enhanced various porosity types, including intercrystalline, moldic, irregular and fenestral vugs, and cavities.

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Henderson, Tim, Vincent Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: National Capital Region Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2293865.

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Type sections are one of several kinds of stratotypes. A stratotype is the standard (original or subsequently designated), accessible, and specific sequence of rock for a named geologic unit that forms the basis for the definition, recognition, and comparison of that unit elsewhere. Geologists designate stratotypes for rock exposures that are illustrative and representative of the map unit being defined. Stratotypes ideally should remain accessible for examination and study by others. In this sense, geologic stratotypes are similar in concept to biological type specimens, however they remain in situ as rock exposures rather than curated in a repository. Therefore, managing stratotypes requires inventory and monitoring like other geologic heritage resources in parks. In addition to type sections, stratotypes also include type localities, type areas, reference sections, and lithodemes, all of which are defined in this report. The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to stratotypes that occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS to inform park managers and to promote the preservation and protection of these important geologic heritage resources. This effort identified 20 stratotypes designated within seven park units of the National Capital Region I&M Network (NCRN): Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park (CHOH) contains three type sections, two type localities, one type area, and eight reference sections; George Washington Memorial Parkway (GWMP) contains one type locality; Harpers Ferry National Historical Park (HAFE) contains two type sections, and one type locality/type area; Manassas National Battlefield (MANA) contains two type areas; Monocacy National Battlefield (MONO) contains one type section; National Capital Parks-East (NACE) contains one type locality; Prince William Forest (PRWI) contains one type section. Note that two stratotype designations (for the Harpers and Mather Gorge Formations) are shared amongst multiple park units. Table 1 provides information regarding the 20 stratotypes currently identified within the NCRN. There are currently no designated stratotypes within Antietam National Battlefield (ANTI), Catoctin Mountain Park (CATO), Rock Creek Park (ROCR), and Wolf Trap National Park for the Performing Arts (WOTR). However, CATO, CHOH, and GWMP contain important rock exposures that could be considered for formal stratotype designation as discussed in the Recommendations section. The inventory of geologic stratotypes across the NPS is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS has centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring (I&M) networks established during the late 1990s. Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks and was therefore adopted for the stratotype inventory. The Greater Yellowstone I&M Network (GRYN) was the pilot network for initiating this project (Henderson et al. 2020). Methodologies and reporting strategies adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this report for the NCRN. This report includes a recommendation section that addresses outstanding issues and future steps regarding park unit stratotypes. These recommendations will hopefully guide decision-making and help ensure that these geoheritage resources are properly protected and that proposed park activities or development will not adversely impact the stability and condition of these geologic exposures.

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Health hazard evaluation report: HETA-91-405-2340, Big Bear Grocery Warehouse, Columbus, Ohio. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshheta914052340.

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