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1
Franzén, Markus, i Sven G. Nilsson. "Both population size and patch quality affect local extinctions and colonizations". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 277, nr 1678 (30.09.2009): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.1584.
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Currently, the habitat of many species is fragmented, resulting in small local populations with individuals occasionally dispersing between the remaining habitat patches. In a solitary bee metapopulation, extinction probability was related to both local bee population sizes and pollen resources measured as host plant population size. Patch size, on the other hand, had no additional predictive power. The turnover rate of local bee populations in 63 habitat patches over 4 years was high, with 72 extinction events and 31 colonization events, but the pollen plant population was stable with no extinctions or colonizations. Both pollen resources and bee populations had strong and independent effects on extinction probability, but connectivity was not of importance. Colonizations occurred more frequently within larger host plant populations. For metapopulation survival of the bee, large pollen plant populations are essential, independent of current bee population size.
2
Krampuža, Ilga. "SOME ASPECTS OF BEE POPULATION PRESERVATION". Journal of Regional Economic and Social Development 1, nr 12 (17.11.2020): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/jresd2020vol1.12.5386.
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Destructive influence of pesticides on bee population, as well as on people and the environment has been analysed in the research paper. The aim of the paper is to define topical issues, which have to be solved in order to protect bee population and offer the solutions for bee protection against using of chemicals. The issues of bee population protection have been examined in the context of people and environment protection by the assistance of the systematic method. The comparative method serves in order to view the hazard of bee population in different countries. The development of the normative acts, which regulate bee protection from the impact of pesticides has been discussed by the assistance of the historical method. The following hypothesis has been put forward: the protection of bee population is possible via improvement of the normative legal framework, which refers to the usage of pesticides. The novelty of the research is the offer of a normative act amendment, which would provide the checking of pesticide usage in municipalities.
3
Pihler, Ivan, Hrisula Kiprijanovska, Nada Plavsa, Milan Krajinovic, Aleksandar Uzunov, Per Kryger i Nebojsa Nedic. "Population-genetical characteristics of the bee population of Vojvodina". Genetika 46, nr 1 (2014): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1401219p.
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In 1893. Jovan Zivanovic notes that based on the color of the abdomen of bees, two varieties of bees are present in Vojvodina, one dark and the other with two yellow rings on abdomen. Up to the present time there are mixed opinions about the presence of one or more populations of bees in Vojvodina, especially about the presence of the yellow variety in Banat. The aim of this paper is to establish the existence of one or more populations of bees, using genetic analysis of bees. Evaluation of genetic connections, diversity within the population and structure of the bee population in Vojvodina, were calculated on the basis of allele variation of 25 microsatellite loci. A genetic typification of the following microsatellites was performed: A8, A14, A24, A29, A43, A79, A88, A113, Ac11, Ac88, Ac139, Ac306, Ap15, Ap68, Ap85, Ap90, Ap223, Ap224, Ap226, Ap249, Ap273, Ap274, Ap288, At168, At188. 92% or 23 loci proved to be polymorphic in samples of bees from Srem and Backa, and 88% or 22 loci proved to be polymorphic in samples of bees from Banat. Heterozygosity calculated for the whole population is not significantly different from the expected heterozygosity. It was found that the obtained genetic differences between bees of Srem and Backa, and Banat region are not sufficient for these two populations to be considered separate.
4
López-Uribe, Margarita M., Vincent A. Ricigliano i Michael Simone-Finstrom. "Defining Pollinator Health: A Holistic Approach Based on Ecological, Genetic, and Physiological Factors". Annual Review of Animal Biosciences 8, nr 1 (15.02.2020): 269–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-020518-115045.
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Evidence for global bee population declines has catalyzed a rapidly evolving area of research that aims to identify the causal factors and to effectively assess the status of pollinator populations. The term pollinator health emerged through efforts to understand causes of bee decline and colony losses, but it lacks a formal definition. In this review, we propose a definition for pollinator health and synthesize the available literature on the application of standardized biomarkers to assess health at the individual, colony, and population levels. We focus on biomarkers in honey bees, a model species, but extrapolate the potential application of these approaches to monitor the health status of wild bee populations. Biomarker-guided health measures can inform beekeeper management decisions, wild bee conservation efforts, and environmental policies. We conclude by addressing challenges to pollinator health from a One Health perspective that emphasizes the interplay between environmental quality and human, animal, and bee health.
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Lisohurska, O. V., D. V. Lisohurska, V. M. Sokolyuk, S. V. Furman, M. M. Kryvyi i I. P. Ligomina. "Inventory of managed honey bee population in Zhytomyr region (Ukraine)". Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 10, nr 1 (15.02.2020): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2020_21.
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Over the last decades, the number of honey bee colonies in the world has been declining. A honey bee is the most important pollinator in agriculture. According to estimates, such a situation can threaten the food security of humanity. The purpose was to investigate the specific aspects of the managed honey bee population in Zhytomyr region. The population dynamics, number, and density were determined. For this purpose the statistics of the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine on the number of bee colonies by categories of producers in Ukraine and Zhytomyr region were used. It was established that in Zhytomyr region over the past quarter century, the population of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) has increased by 2 times up to 193.4 thousand colonies. During the same period, the number of bee colonies in Ukraine has increased by 1.4 times. At present, Zhytomyr region is a leader in the state in the development of the beekeeping industry. Eight percent of all honey bee colonies in the country are concentrated here. In the Zhytomyr region, the density of honey bee population is one of the highest in Ukraine. 82 colonies are concentrated here on one conditional pasture area (1256 hectares), with 7 colonies per 100 hectares of land. In Ukraine, these indicators are 52 and 4 respectively. The distribution of bee colonies in the region is uneven. The vast majority of colonies (58.5%) are concentrated in the Polissia. There are from 1 to 18 colonies per 100 hectares of land in each of the units in the region, on the conditional pasture area from 16 to 224. The results of these studies are relevant for the commodity apiaries for the rational use of honey flow and to make a well-considered decision on the prospect of increasing the number of bee colonies. Further work will be aimed at the investigation into the melliferous base and the calculation of the feed balance of the beekeeping industry in Zhytomyr region.
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KULICI, Manjola. "Comparative Analysis of Differentiation of the Albanian Bee Population Made by the Wings Traits and Other Morphological Traits". Eurasia Proceedings of Health, Environment and Life Sciences 4 (16.02.2022): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.55549/ephels.25.
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This study treats a comparative analysis of local differentiation of Albanian bee population according to 12 front wing traits and 18 other traits. To conduct this study, were used evaluations for the averages of these morphological traits measured in 3600 honey bees, in 60 different regions, scattered in all the place territory. The measurement of 30 traits was done using Scan Photo Technique (SPT). Local differentiation that was obtained in Albanian bee population by its front wing traits is not great. This differentiation does not explain by the phenomenon of isolation in distance. Human interventions in the bee population, made over the past fifteen years have brought significant changes in the morphological variations of the morphological traits. By increasing the number of morphological traits was best evidenced the local differentiation of Albanian bee. Populations were approximately grouped in three groups according to climatic zones: subpopulations group in the north east region; the subpopulations group in the field coastal area and the subpopulations group in central and east Albania. Such a differentiation of our bee population can be a consequence of the phenomena of “differentiation in distance” or the effects of genes exchanges.
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Tanasković, Marija, Pavle Erić, Aleksandra Patenković, Katarina Erić, Milica Mihajlović, Vanja Tanasić, Szilvia Kusza, Andrzej Oleksa, Ljubiša Stanisavljević i Slobodan Davidović. "Further Evidence of Population Admixture in the Serbian Honey Bee Population". Insects 13, nr 2 (9.02.2022): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13020180.
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Socioeconomic interests and beekeeper preferences have often taken precedence over the conservation of locally native honey bee subspecies, leading to the predominance of admixture populations in human-dominated areas. To assess the genetic diversity of contemporary managed Serbian honey bee colonies, we used 14 microsatellite loci and analyzed 237 worker bees from 46 apiaries in eight localities of northern and southern Serbia. Furthermore, we compared data for nine microsatellite loci with 338 individuals from Italy, Hungary, Poland, and Spain. The standard parameters of genetic diversity in Serbian honey bee populations were in line with other analyses, although somewhat smaller. STRUCTURE analysis showed the existence of two equally distributed genetic clusters and Analysis of molecular variances could not confirm the presence of a geographically discrete population but showed local differences. Discriminant analysis of principal components showed overlapping of worker bees from different parts of Serbia. Clear genetic differentiation can be observed when comparing all populations between geographical regions and their corresponding subspecies. The absence of the A. m. macedonica subspecies from its historical distribution range in southern Serbia as well as the lack of distinctive geographical groups suggest that selective breeding, queen import, and migratory beekeeping practices strongly influence the genetic structure and diversity of honey bees, leading to the genetic uniformization and creation of the admixture population.
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Goettel, Mark S., Grant M. Duke i D. Wayne Goerzen. "PATHOGENICITY OF ASCOSPHAERA LARVIS TO LARVAE OF THE ALFALFA LEAFCUTTING BEE, MEGACHILE ROTUNDATA". Canadian Entomologist 129, nr 6 (grudzień 1997): 1059–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent1291059-6.
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AbstractLaboratory assays and field surveys showed that Ascosphaera larvis (Bissett) is a pathogen of alfalfa leafcutting bee larvae, capable of causing high mortality in commercial populations. In one population, over 21% of bees were found to be infected by A. larvis. However, overall levels of the disease are low and it is unlikely that this pathogen poses an immediate threat to commercial leafcutting bee populations in Canada. The LD50 was determined to be 1.9 × 105 spores/bee. Elevated levels of CO2 are required for in vitro spore germination. The disease can easily be diagnosed within bee cells by X-ray radiography, thereby enabling disease levels to be monitored using conventional methods utilized by the industry to monitor leafcutting bee quality.
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Ngo, Thi-Nha, Dan Jeric Arcega Rustia, En-Cheng Yang i Ta-Te Lin. "Honey Bee Colony Population Daily Loss Rate Forecasting and an Early Warning Method Using Temporal Convolutional Networks". Sensors 21, nr 11 (4.06.2021): 3900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21113900.
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The population loss rate of a honey bee colony is a critical index to verify its health condition. Forecasting models for the population loss rate of a honey bee colony can be an essential tool in honey bee health management and pave a way to early warning methods in the understanding of potential abnormalities affecting a honey bee colony. This work presents a forecasting and early warning algorithm for the population daily loss rate of honey bee colonies and determining warning levels based on the predictions. Honey bee colony population daily loss rate data were obtained through embedded image systems to automatically monitor in real-time the in-and-out activity of honey bees at hive entrances. A forecasting model was trained based on temporal convolutional neural networks (TCN) to predict the following day’s population loss rate. The forecasting model was optimized by conducting feature importance analysis, feature selection, and hyperparameter optimization. A warning level determination method using an isolation forest algorithm was applied to classify the population daily loss rate as normal or abnormal. The integrated algorithm was tested on two population loss rate datasets collected from multiple honey bee colonies in a honey bee farm. The test results show that the forecasting model can achieve a weighted mean average percentage error (WMAPE) of 17.1 ± 1.6%, while the warning level determination method reached 90.0 ± 8.5% accuracy. The forecasting model developed through this study can be used to facilitate efficient management of honey bee colonies and prevent colony collapse.
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Oddie, Melissa, Bjørn Dahle i Peter Neumann. "Reduced Postcapping Period in Honey Bees Surviving Varroa destructor by Means of Natural Selection". Insects 9, nr 4 (24.10.2018): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects9040149.
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The ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor is a key factor for colony losses in European honey bee subspecies (Apis mellifera), but it is also known that some host populations have adapted to the mite by means of natural selection. The role of a shorter host brood postcapping period in reducing mite reproductive success has been investigated in other surviving subspecies, however its role in the adaptation of European honey bee populations has not been addressed. Here, we use a common garden approach to compare the length of the worker brood postcapping period in a Norwegian surviving honey bee population with the postcapping period of a local susceptible population. The data show a significantly shorter postcapping period in the surviving population for ~10% of the brood. Since even small differences in postcapping period can significantly reduce mite reproductive success, this mechanism may well contribute to natural colony survival. It appears most likely that several mechanisms acting together produce the full mite-surviving colony phenotype.
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Lu, Wangyi, Yu-Han Huang, Qianweiwei Lin i Haozhong Jiang. "Study of predicting honey bee demand based on differential Gaussian model and sensitivity analysis". Advances in Engineering Technology Research 4, nr 1 (18.03.2023): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aetr.4.1.436.2023.
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In recent years, researchers have begun to use CCD to describe this phenomenon of rapidly disappearing bee populations. In this problem, our group will task to integrate and summarize the possible effects of honeybee population changes on farms by modeling changes in the number of bees in an individual hive and simultaneously studying the relationship between bee populations and farmland area.Firstly we use a differential based Gaussian function to build a general model to represent the change in the number of honey bee populations over time. Secondly, we do the sensitivity analysis of the input variables above. Thirdly, the relationship between crop and land area need to be figured out first. We finally find that 13 bee hives are needed.
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Aliyeva, V. R. "Morphometric evaluation of the male bee of the selection and breeding group of the Kabakhtapa population of the Gray Mountain Caucasian breed (<i>Apis mellifera caucasica Gorb.</i>)". Agrarian science, nr 6 (29.07.2022): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2022-360-6-58-61.
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Relevance. The gene pool of bees in Azerbaijan consists of two bee breeds — the Gray Mountain Caucasian and the Yellow Caucasian bees. These breeds combine 5 populations. Among these populations, the Kabakhtapa population stands out, which is considered the “golden bee” of the gene pool of Azerbaijan. In order to protect and improve the gene pool of bees, in Azerbaijan conditions were carried out researchesrelated to the creation of a new highly productive selection and breeding group through mass, individual selection and selection in bee colonies of the Kabakhtapa population of the Gray Mountain Caucasian breed.Methods. Biometric analysis of the collected materials, compilation of a series of variations, starting with correction of the variation curve, mean (M), standard deviation (d), coefficient of variation (V), error of mean (m), reliability criterion (t) were definedas key indicators.Results. In the spring, when bee colonies have been provided with additional bee growth and feeding for the hive, it is possible to grow high-quality male bees, as in the summer season. Bee colonies which were given growth and feed were able to grow male bees, that were bigger by 4,8% in the length, by1,2% — in the length of the upper part of the third joint and by1,1% — in the length of the lower part of the third joint, by1,0% — in the wing length, by1,0% — in the wing width; the cubital index was also bigger by2,0% .
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Tepedino, Vincent J., i Frank D. Parker. "Sudden collapse of xylophilous bee populations in the mountains of northern Utah (USA): An historical illustration". Alpine Entomology 6 (18.11.2022): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.6.93676.
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A scarcity of studies of the dynamics of wild bee populations hampers conservation efforts by bee ecologists and conservationists. Present limited information suggests that bee populations are highly unpredictable from year-to-year. Here we present an historical data set from nine sites replicated in 1984 and 1985 that demonstrates extreme between-year variability in numbers for 19 xylophilous bee species. Sixteen of those species produced far fewer nests in 1985, and 13 species in 1985 produced less than a third the number of nests produced in 1984. We argue that the 1985 collapse was not due to semivoltinism, i.e., the absence of morphs that require two years to mature, or to excessive sampling in 1984, but to a record cold period from January to March 1985 which likely killed most diapausing bees. Such events illustrate the dynamism of wild bee populations and thereby the large number of years needed to establish statistically significant population trends. We suggest that the current emphasis by bee conservationists to promote widespread surveillance monitoring programs is misguided and that funds are more effectively spent on hypothesis-driven targeted monitoring and on actions to actually reclaim degraded wild bee habitat.
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Tibatá, Víctor Manuel, Andrés Sanchez, Evan Palmer-Young, Howard Junca, Victor Manuel Solarte, Shayne Madella, Fernando Ariza, Judith Figueroa i Miguel Corona. "Africanized honey bees in Colombia exhibit high prevalence but low level of infestation of Varroa mites and low prevalence of pathogenic viruses". PLOS ONE 16, nr 5 (20.05.2021): e0244906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244906.
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The global spread of the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor has promoted the spread and virulence of highly infectious honey bee viruses. This phenomenon is considered the leading cause for the increased number of colony losses experienced by the mite-susceptible European honey bee populations in the Northern hemisphere. Most of the honey bee populations in Central and South America are Africanized honey bees (AHBs), which are considered more resistant to Varroa compared to European honey bees. However, the relationship between Varroa levels and the spread of honey bee viruses in AHBs remains unknown. In this study, we determined Varroa prevalence and infestation levels as well as the prevalence of seven major honey bee viruses in AHBs from three regions of Colombia. We found that although Varroa exhibited high prevalence (92%), its infestation levels were low (4.5%) considering that these populations never received acaricide treatments. We also detected four viruses in the three regions analyzed, but all colonies were asymptomatic, and virus prevalence was considerably lower than those found in other countries with higher rates of mite-associated colony loss (DWV 19.88%, BQCV 17.39%, SBV 23.4%, ABPV 10.56%). Our findings indicate that AHBs possess a natural resistance to Varroa that does not prevent the spread of this parasite among their population, but restrains mite population growth and suppresses the prevalence and pathogenicity of mite-associated viruses.
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Rao, Sujaya, i W. P. Stephen. "Abundance and Diversity of Native Bumble Bees Associated with Agricultural Crops: The Willamette Valley Experience". Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2010 (2010): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/354072.
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There are widespread concerns about declining populations of bumble bees due to conversion of native habitats to agroecosystems. Certain cropping systems, however, provide enormous foraging resources, and are beneficial for population build up of native bees, especially eusocial bees such as bumble bees. In this review, we present evidence of a flourishing bumble bee fauna in the Willamette Valley in western Oregon which we believe is sustained by cultivation of bee-pollinated crops which bloom in sequence, and in synchrony with foraging by queens and workers of a complex of bumble bee species. In support of our perspective, we describe the Oregon landscape and ascribe the large bumble bee populations to the presence of a pollen source in spring (cultivated blueberries) followed by one in summer (red clover seed crops). Based on our studies, we recommend integration into conservation approaches of multiple agroecosystems that bloom in sequence for sustaining and building bumble bee populations.
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Roberts, John M. K., Nelson Simbiken, Chris Dale, Joel Armstrong i Denis L. Anderson. "Tolerance of Honey Bees to Varroa Mite in the Absence of Deformed Wing Virus". Viruses 12, nr 5 (23.05.2020): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12050575.
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The global spread of the parasitic mite Varroa destructor has emphasized the significance of viruses as pathogens of honey bee (Apis mellifera) populations. In particular, the association of deformed wing virus (DWV) with V. destructor and its devastating effect on honey bee colonies has led to that virus now becoming one of the most well-studied insect viruses. However, there has been no opportunity to examine the effects of Varroa mites without the influence of DWV. In Papua New Guinea (PNG), the sister species, V. jacobsoni, has emerged through a host-shift to reproduce on the local A. mellifera population. After initial colony losses, beekeepers have maintained colonies without chemicals for more than a decade, suggesting that this bee population has an unknown mite tolerance mechanism. Using high throughput sequencing (HTS) and target PCR detection, we investigated whether the viral landscape of the PNG honey bee population is the underlying factor responsible for mite tolerance. We found A. mellifera and A. cerana from PNG and nearby Solomon Islands were predominantly infected by sacbrood virus (SBV), black queen cell virus (BQCV) and Lake Sinai viruses (LSV), with no evidence for any DWV strains. V. jacobsoni was infected by several viral homologs to recently discovered V. destructor viruses, but Varroa jacobsoni rhabdovirus-1 (ARV-1 homolog) was the only virus detected in both mites and honey bees. We conclude from these findings that A. mellifera in PNG may tolerate V. jacobsoni because the damage from parasitism is significantly reduced without DWV. This study also provides further evidence that DWV does not exist as a covert infection in all honey bee populations, and remaining free of this serious viral pathogen can have important implications for bee health outcomes in the face of Varroa.
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Zhang, Ming, Zhicheng Ji i Yan Wang. "Artificial bee colony algorithm with dynamic multi-population". Modern Physics Letters B 31, nr 19-21 (27.07.2017): 1740087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984917400875.
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To improve the convergence rate and make a balance between the global search and local turning abilities, this paper proposes a decentralized form of artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm with dynamic multi-populations by means of fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering. Each subpopulation periodically enlarges with the same size during the search process, and the overlapping individuals among different subareas work for delivering information acting as exploring the search space with diffusion of solutions. Moreover, a Gaussian-based search equation with redefined local attractor is proposed to further accelerate the diffusion of the best solution and guide the search towards potential areas. Experimental results on a set of benchmarks demonstrate the competitive performance of our proposed approach.
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LIAKOS (Β. ΛΙΑΚΟΣ), V., Z. POLIZOPOULOU (Ζ. ΠΟΛΥΖΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ) i N. ROUBIES (Ν. ΡΟΥΜΠΙΕΣ). "Population dynamics of bee colonies located in airborne contaminated regions". Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 53, nr 3 (25.01.2018): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15376.
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Effects of airborne contaminating (polluting) agents particularly Pb, on the population dynamics and brood rearing of bee colonies, were investigated. No significant differences were noted in the population dynamics and foraging habits of bees, between bee colonies located in urban areas with high levels of environmental pollutants and those situated in rural unburdened areas. Aerial pollutants at the City center hade high values, but they were lower than the upper accepted limits of the European Union. The lead (Pb) content of bee tissues, honey and pollen were found to be proportional to the location of the bee colonies, with significantly higher values recorded in urban areas. The same significant differences were noted in the Pb tissue content among foragers, domesticated bees, and larvae within the same colony. In urban areas the Pb tissue content was 4,05 ppm in 6-day old larvae, 5,90 in newly emerged bees, 8,80 in nurse bees and 6,80 in worker bees. On the contrary, the comparing values in rural areas were 1 ppm in 6- day old larvae, 1,90 in newly emerged bees, 1,90 in nurse bees and 0,70 in worker bees.
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Mishin, I. N., i E. Mishina. "Survival rate as a parameter of sustainability of the honey bee population and bee colonies". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1212, nr 1 (1.07.2023): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1212/1/012031.
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Abstract The results of studying the number of honey bees in colonies and the results determining and the evaluation the age-stage specific survival rates of bee colonies have been presented. The survival rate depends on the egg-laying of the queen bee, the period of the season, the level of development of bee colonies and reaches a minimum in all colonies in the period after the main honey collection S = 0.3-0.5. In the spring and autumn periods, there is a high negative correlation dependence (r=−0.7÷(−0.9), between the egg-laying of the queen bee (number of brood) and survival. The average survival rate in the spring and summer periods for strong families is 20-30% lower than in weak and medium families. The values of the survival rate in the spring and autumn periods for all types of bee colonies are more than one. This result is typical for bee colonies and is associated with the presence of wintering bees with a high life expectancy (up to 9 months) in colonies. A decrease in the survival rate in the period after the main honey flow to S<0.5-0.6 may be one of the factors in the colony collapse disorder (CCD) due to a violation of the gene expression mechanism in bees during the transition from hive activity to forager or to the autumn-winter period. A high survival rate determines the sustainability of the honey bee population, increasing the survival rate to one allows you to manage the vital activity of bee colonies, reduce the impact of various adverse factors on bees, reduce the risk of CCD, and manage the population of honey bees in ecosystems.
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Rustamovna, Juraeva Dildora. "DNA ANALYSIS OF MIGRATED AND NON-MIGRANT BEE IN LOCAL POPULATION IN UZBEKISTAN". American Journal of Agriculture and Biomedical Engineering 04, nr 10 (1.10.2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajabe/volume04issue10-01.
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The article presents information about the genetic potential of bees in the local mountain and desert ecotypes of Uzbekistan, their external indicators, and the characteristics of the variability of the number of paired nucleotides that are genetic markers of bees in the local mountain population.
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Kaskinova, Milyausha, Elena Saltykova, Alexander Poskryakov, Alexey Nikolenko i Luisa Gaifullina. "The Current State of the Protected Apis mellifera mellifera Population in Russia: Hybridization and Nosematosis". Animals 11, nr 10 (4.10.2021): 2892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11102892.
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The Southern Urals of Russia are the habitat of one of the surviving populations of the dark forest bee—the Burzyan population of Apis mellifera mellifera. In this study, we present the results of the subspecies identification of bee colonies in the Altyn-Solok Nature Reserve in the Southern Ural Mountains using the intergenic mtDNA COI-COII locus and the assessment of the prevalence of nosematosis. Analysis of the mtDNA COI-COII intergenic locus in the studied sample showed that 30.4% of the colonies belong to the lineage C. The PCR diagnostics of nosematosis in 92 colonies selected from different sectors of the Altyn-Solok Nature Reserve showed that about half of the analyzed colonies were infected with Nosema apis. Nosema ceranae was found in eight colonies. Both of these factors can lead to the extinction of this population of the dark forest bee.
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Scaloppi, Maurice Fabian, Samir Moura Kadri, Daniel Diego Mendes, Paulo Eduardo Martins Ribolla i Ricardo de Oliveira Orsi. "Colony Transport Affects the Expression of Some Genes Related to the Apis mellifera L. Immune System". Sociobiology 69, nr 4 (28.12.2022): e7522. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v69i4.7522.
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Migratory beekeeping can harm the bee colonies if not executed properly. Here, colonies of Apis mellifera were transported (for one or two hours) or not, following proper technical standards. To analyze gene expression (defensin-1, abaecin, and HSP70), forager bees were collected immediately, 24, and 72 hours after transportation. Bee mortality and population growth were measured before and after transportation. This study concludes that transporting honey bee colonies for 2 hours promotes immune system gene expression, although there are no significant changes in bee mortality and population growth of the colonies.
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Přidal, Antonín, i Pavel Veselý. "Changes in the composition of the bee populations of the Mohelno Serpentine Steppe after 70 years (Hymenoptera: Apiformes)". Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 59, nr 6 (2011): 291–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201159060291.
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Mohelno serpentine steppe (Mohelenská hadcová step) is a unique natural habitat of European importance. Since its last apidologic proper survey passed about 70 years. The objective of this work was to summarize the results of the apidological survey performed in the national nature reserve Mohelno Serpentine Steppe in a period of 2010–2011, characterize current changes in the composition of bee populations and propose recommendations for the management of this nature reserve.The survey was performed within 20 days and includes a total of 91 hours of observations in the field with exact records of survey localization and weather. A total of 2705 bee individuals were caught using an insect net and examined. 71 to 276 bee individuals were identified on individual days of monitoring. The bee density varied in a range of 18.4–87.1 bees per hour of the pure time of sampling. A total of 176 bee species were identified. 115 bee species from the original list of 232 bee species were confirmed by this survey (50 %). Species that were not confirmed could disappear as a result of changes which have occurred in the Steppe biotope over the past 40 years or their disappearance is generally associated with changes in the population of a particular species in Moravia. The disappearance of 17 % of unconfirmed species (20 species) from the Steppe is very likely to occur but it is not associated with general changes in the population of these species in southern Moravia. 61 out of 176 bee species were recorded in the Steppe for the first time. Pyrobombus lapidarius was eudominant. The highest dominance was observed for Halictus simplex as a representative of the solitary species and for Nomada succincta as a representative of cleptoparasites. However, the major part of cleptoparasites (66 %) was not confirmed. The Shannon’s index (H’ = 3.97), Equitability (e = 0.77) and the Simpson’s index (c = 0.04) were determined for bee populations. The following species occurred on the Steppe: a) ubiquitous species with an abnormally small population (49 species) and b) steppe specialists (xerothermophile) with abnormally abundant populations and strongly competitive to ubiquitous species (9 species). The survey revealed a significant decrease in the diversity of apidofauna on the Steppe, showing that the degradation change took place only partially and that some rare xerothermophile species on the Steppe were preserved. The composition of apidofauna still maintains its predominant xerothermophile character. The results of the survey were used to propose recommendations for managing the maintenance of the national nature reserve Mohelno Serpentine Steppe.
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Dietemann, Vincent, Alexis Beaurepaire, Paul Page, Orlando Yañez, Ninat Buawangpong, Panuwan Chantawannakul i Peter Neumann. "Population genetics of ectoparasitic mites Varroa spp. in Eastern and Western honey bees". Parasitology 146, nr 11 (31.07.2019): 1429–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118201900091x.
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AbstractHost shifts of parasites are often causing devastating effects in the new hosts. The Varroa genus is known for a lineage of Varroa destructor that shifted to the Western honey bee, Apis mellifera, with disastrous effects on wild populations and the beekeeping industry. Despite this, the biology of Varroa spp. remains poorly understood in its native distribution range, where it naturally parasitizes the Eastern honey bee, Apis cerana. Here, we combined mitochondrial and nuclear DNA analyses with the assessment of mite reproduction to determine the population structure and host specificity of V. destructor and Varroa jacobsonii in Thailand, where both hosts and several Varroa species and haplotypes are sympatric. Our data confirm previously described mite haplogroups, and show three novel haplotypes. Multiple infestations of single host colonies by both mite species and introgression of alleles between V. destructor and V. jacobsonii suggest that hybridization occurs between the two species. Our results indicate that host specificity and population genetic structure in the genus Varroa is more labile than previously thought. The ability of the host shifted V. destructor haplotype to spillback to A. cerana and to hybridize with V. jacobsonii could threaten honey bee populations of Asia and beyond.
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Xiao, Ren Bin, i Ying Cong Wang. "Research on Cellular Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm and its Computational Experiments". Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (styczeń 2013): 3168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.3168.
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It is the research hotspot for evolutionary algorithms to solve the contradiction between exploration and exploitation. Cellular artificial bee colony (CABC) algorithm is proposed by combining cellular automata with artificial bee colony algorithm from the perspective of the neighborhood in this paper. Each bee in the population structure defined in CABC has a fixed position and can only interact with bees in its neighborhood. The overlap between neighborhoods of different bees may make a bee an employed bee in one neighborhood and an onlooker bee in another neighborhood and vice versa, which increases the diversity of the population. The neighborhood and evolutionary rule help to control the selection pressure effectively, and the improved search mechanism in artificial bee colony algorithm is proposed to enhance the local search ability. The experimental results tested on four benchmark functions show that CABC can further balance the relationship between exploration and exploitation when compared with three ABC-based algorithms.
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Gyurácz, József, Károly Nagy, Tibor István Fuisz, Zsolt Karcza i Tibor Szép. "European Bee-eater (Merops apiaster Linnaeus, 1758) in Hungary: a review". Ornis Hungarica 21, nr 2 (1.12.2013): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/orhu-2014-0001.
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Abstract The European Bee-eater (Merops apiaster Linnaeus, 1758) is known as ‛beekeeper bird’ and an effective ecosystem engineer species. The fact that in 2013 it became ‛The Bird of the Year’ in Hungary offers the possibility to summarise the information about the distribution, population size, breeding and feeding ecology, dispersion, migration, intra- and interspecific relationships as well as the nature conservation status of the bee-eater population breeding in Hungary. Though this review focuses on the Hungarian population trends, but also summarises the major research results from other countries. In the period of 1992-2013, the number of breeding pairs were surveyed in 5897 2.5×2.5 km UTM squares in the frame of the Monitoring of Rare and Colonial Breeding Birds programme. In the surveyed area during the period of 1992-2013, the most accurate estimate suggests a 10600-19600 breeding pair population. The larger nesting colonies were observed in the following regions: Zala Hills, Outer Somogy, Gerecse, Velencei Hills, Mezőföld, Gödöllő Hills, Tápió, Bükkalja, Taktaköz, Körös region. The annual population indices showed marked fluctuation with stable long term population trend in Hungary. The national monitoring and protection project of the European Bee-eater revealed the most important factors endangering the nesting populations, these are weed invasion and the collapse of vertical banks, mining carried out in the nesting period and direct human-caused disturbance (e.g. shooting, tourism).
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Zemskova, Natalia Evgenevna, Vener Nurullovich Sattarov, Anatoly Ivanovich Skvortsov i Vladimir Grigorievich Semenov. "Morphological characteristics of honey bees of the Volga region". BIO Web of Conferences 17 (2020): 00035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20201700035.
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Declining bee populations and decreasing marketability of apiaries pose the necessity for a comprehensive monitoring of the morphological characteristics of honeybees. The monitoring was performed in an introgressive aspect for the first time in the Volga region (Samara region) to preserve the local population of the Middle Russian race (Apis mellifera mellifera L.). Moreover, the race of queen bees was identified through the assessment of drones. Based on the race identification, small population structures of the native forest bee were revealed, which is a prerequisite for restoration of its genetic resources with the corresponding restriction of the import of bees from the southern regions where other taxonomic groups are bred.
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Ling, Tial C., Patcharin Phokasem, Chainarong Sinpoo, Panuwan Chantawannakul, Kitiphong Khongphinitbunjong i Terd Disayathanoowat. "Tropilaelaps mercedesae Infestation Is Correlated with Injury Numbers on the Brood and the Population Size of Honey Bee Apis mellifera". Animals 13, nr 8 (12.04.2023): 1318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13081318.
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Tropilaelaps mercedesae, one of the most devastating parasitic mites of honey bee Apis mellifera hosts, is a major threat to honey products by causing severe damage to honey bee colonies. Here, we recorded injury numbers caused by T. mercedesae to different body parts of the larval, pupal, and crippled adult stages of honey bee A. mellifera. We evaluated the relationship between infestation rate and injury numbers per bee for both larvae and pupae. We also noted the total bee numbers per beehive and examined the relationship between the infestation rate and population size. T. mercedesae infested all developmental stages of honey bees, with the highest injury numbers in the abdomens of bee pupae and the antennas of crippled adult bees. Although larvae received more injury numbers than pupae, both infestation rate and injury numbers decreased as the larval stage progressed to the pupal stage. The infestation rate increased as the population size per beehive decreased. This study provided new perspectives to the understanding of changes in the effects of T. mercedesae infestations on different developmental stages of honey bees. It also showed useful baseline information for screening honey bee stock that might have high defensive behaviors against mite infestation.
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Jiang, Qiaoyong, Yueqi Ma, Yanyan Lin, Jianan Cui, Xinjia Liu, Yali Wu i Lei Wang. "A Tristage Adaptive Biased Learning for Artificial Bee Colony". Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2021 (23.09.2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7902783.
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In recent ten years, artificial bee colony (ABC) has attracted more and more attention, and many state-of-the-art ABC variants (ABCs) have been developed by introducing different biased information to the search equations. However, the same biased information is employed in employed bee and onlooker bee phases, which will cause over exploitation and lead to premature convergence. To overcome this limit, an effective framework with tristage adaptive biased learning is proposed for existing ABCs (TABL + ABCs). In TABL + ABCs, the search direction in the employed bee stage is guided by learning the ranking biased information of the parent food sources, while in the onlooker bee stage, the search direction is determined by extracting the biased information of population distribution. Moreover, a deletion-restart learning strategy is designed in scout bee stage to prevent the potential risk of population stagnation. Systematic experiment results conducted on CEC2014 competition benchmark suite show that proposed TABL + ABCs perform better than recently published AEL + ABCs and ACoS + ABCs.
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McMenamin, Alexander, Katie Daughenbaugh, Fenali Parekh, Marie Pizzorno i Michelle Flenniken. "Honey Bee and Bumble Bee Antiviral Defense". Viruses 10, nr 8 (27.07.2018): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10080395.
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Bees are important plant pollinators in both natural and agricultural ecosystems. Managed and wild bees have experienced high average annual colony losses, population declines, and local extinctions in many geographic regions. Multiple factors, including virus infections, impact bee health and longevity. The majority of bee-infecting viruses are positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses. Bee-infecting viruses often cause asymptomatic infections but may also cause paralysis, deformity or death. The severity of infection is governed by bee host immune responses and influenced by additional biotic and abiotic factors. Herein, we highlight studies that have contributed to the current understanding of antiviral defense in bees, including the Western honey bee (Apis mellifera), the Eastern honey bee (Apis cerana) and bumble bee species (Bombus spp.). Bee antiviral defense mechanisms include RNA interference (RNAi), endocytosis, melanization, encapsulation, autophagy and conserved immune pathways including Jak/STAT (Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription), JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase), MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinases) and the NF-κB mediated Toll and Imd (immune deficiency) pathways. Studies in Dipteran insects, including the model organism Drosophila melanogaster and pathogen-transmitting mosquitos, provide the framework for understanding bee antiviral defense. However, there are notable differences such as the more prominent role of a non-sequence specific, dsRNA-triggered, virus limiting response in honey bees and bumble bees. This virus-limiting response in bees is akin to pathways in a range of organisms including other invertebrates (i.e., oysters, shrimp and sand flies), as well as the mammalian interferon response. Current and future research aimed at elucidating bee antiviral defense mechanisms may lead to development of strategies that mitigate bee losses, while expanding our understanding of insect antiviral defense and the potential evolutionary relationship between sociality and immune function.
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Goudia, N., M. K. Jena i R. R. Singh. "Dynamics of Pests, Natural Enemies and Pollinators of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill and Correlation with Weather Parameters". International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, nr 6 (12.04.2023): 128–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i61808.
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The experiment was carried out at K.V.K. Instructional Farm located near College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology (O.U.A.T.), Bhawanipatna, Kalahandi, during the cropping season 2020–21. The most significant pests found in Lycopersicon esculentum Mill were tomato fruit worm, serpentine leaf miner, and whitefly, while flea beetle was of minor importance.The population of whitefly had significant negative correlation with evening and mean relative humidity (RH). The population of leaf miner had significant positive correlation with maximum, minimum and mean temperature but significant negative correlation with mean RH. There was a significant positive correlation of flea beetle population with minimum temperature. The tomato fruit borer population had significant positive correlation with maximum, minimum and mean temperature but significant negative correlation with morning and mean RH. The natural enemies, lady bird beetles, spiders, praying mantis, rove beetle, red ant, dragonfly (red body) and damselflies (blue, brick red and black body) were found in the plots. The population of spider had significant negative correlation with maximum, minimum and mean temperature but significant positive correlation with bright sunshine hours (BSH). The population of spider had significant negative correlation with evening RH but significant positive correlation with BSH. There was a significant positive correlation of red ant population with BSH. The population of rove beetle had significant positive correlation with maximum, minimum and mean temperature. The pollinators recorded from experimental field were honey bee and carpenter bee. Of which, carpenter bee was the most frequent floral visitor and considered the main pollinator of tomato. The pollinators appeared in higher numbers during the blooming period and was the dominant species found in the field. There was a significant negative correlation of population of carpenter bee with maximum, minimum and mean temperature. The population of honey bee had significant negative correlation with evening RH.
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Khoury, David S., Andrew B. Barron i Mary R. Myerscough. "Modelling Food and Population Dynamics in Honey Bee Colonies". PLoS ONE 8, nr 5 (7.05.2013): e59084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0059084.
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Khoury, David S., Mary R. Myerscough i Andrew B. Barron. "A Quantitative Model of Honey Bee Colony Population Dynamics". PLoS ONE 6, nr 4 (18.04.2011): e18491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018491.
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Banks, H. T., J. E. Banks, Riccardo Bommarco, A. N. Laubmeier, N. J. Myers, Maj Rundlöf i Kristen Tillman. "Modeling bumble bee population dynamics with delay differential equations". Ecological Modelling 351 (maj 2017): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2017.02.011.
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Sobirjonova, Milyausha R., Natalia Ye Zemskova, Vener N. Sattarov i Roman V. Mishchuk. "Morphological studies of honey bees in the northern wooded steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan". BIO Web of Conferences 27 (2020): 00037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202700037.
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The article presents assessment results for the preservation of European dark honey bees in the northern wooded steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan, which is an integral structure in the honey bee Apis mellifera mellifera population of northern Bashkortostan. Bee farms of 24 settlements in Askinskiy, Arkhangelskiy, Baltachevskiy, Karaidelskiy and Yanaulskiy districts show the persistence of taxonomically pure bees, which stands for 73 % of the samples. During the bee-breed identification, the most volatile parameters were determined (the length the rostrum, the length and width of the right hemelytron, the cubital index) that are greatly influenced by the hybridization processes. The presence of registered pure-breed bee colonies speaks of the biopotential of the European dark bee population in the farms of the given region, which will allow to create pedigree breeding units and pure breeding zones for native bees in the future.
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Romero-Leiton, Jhoana P., Alejandro Gutierrez, Ivan Felipe Benavides, Oscar E. Molina i Alejandra Pulgarín. "An approach to the modeling of honey bee colonies". Web Ecology 22, nr 1 (4.03.2022): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/we-22-7-2022.
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Abstract. In this work, populations of adult and immature honeybees and their honey production are studied through mathematical and statistical modeling approaches. Those models are complementary and are presented in disjunct form. They were used to show different modeling methods for honey bee population dynamics. The statistical approach consisted of a generalized linear model using data from the Department of Agriculture of the United States of America (USDA), which showed that the relationship between the number of colonies and the rate of honey production is not constant in time but decrease over the years. These models showed that when a bee population is subjected to a stress factor (i.e., habitat destruction, Varroa mite, climate variability, season, neonicotinoids, among others), the abundance of individuals decreases over time as well as the honey produced by the colonies. Finally, the mathematical approach consisted of two models: (1) a smooth model, in which conditions of existence and stability of the equilibrium solutions are determined by an ecological threshold value, and (2) a non-smooth model where the mortality rate of bees is included as a function of the number of adult bees in the population.
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Lu, Chengjie, Yixue Wu, Yufan Xu i Zixuan Wang. "Predicting Nature's Demand for Bees based on Time Series Models". Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 35 (11.04.2023): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v35i.7051.
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Bees play a very important role in the entire ecosystem, as their pollination ensures the genetic diversity of flowering plants. Therefore, we need to study the factors influencing bee population size and its pollination. In this paper, we build a mathematical model and solve it to obtain the influence of different factors on the number of bee populations, and calculate the number of bees required for pollination in a certain space. Finally, we analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the model, as well as some more discussion.
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ALEKSA, Maria. "MONITORING PROPOSAL OF THE SPECIES VIOLET CARPENTER BEE XYLOCOPA VIOLACEA IN POLAND". Folia Pomeranae Universitatis Technologiae Stetinensis Agricultura, Alimentaria, Piscaria et Zootechnica 360, nr 3 (17.11.2021): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21005/aapz2021.59.3.01.
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The main purpose of this scientific publication is to present the suggested methods of monitoring the species violet carpenter bee Xylocopa violacea, which belongs to Hymenoptera of the bee family Apidae. Despite the fact that this insect is only partially protected under Polish national law, there are very few identified localities of these animals in Poland. The main problem related to the uncertainty of the number of the violet carpenter bee Xylocopa violacea is the lack of monitoring within national borders. The proposed method of population status assessment is based on the field research. These studies include the observations of many elements of the population and the environment and on predicting what are the prospects for protecting the violet carpenter bee Xylocopa violacea in Poland. The proposed method of population status assessment is based on the analysis of species presence and abundance and the proposed method of habitat status assessment is based on the analysis of area, food base, type of environment, elements of the habitat, the nature of the surroundings and habitat stability. The proposed methods can be also applied for Xylocopa valga, which can be easily confused with the violet carpenter bee Xylocopa violacea. What is the most important – regular monitoring may contribute to the recognition of other places of occurrence and will enable effective protection of the violet carpenter bee Xylocopa violacea in Poland.
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Buchori, Damayanti, Akhmad Rizali, Windra Priawandiputra, Dewi Sartiami i Midzon Johannis. "Population Growth and Insecticide Residues of Honey Bees in Tropical Agricultural Landscapes". Diversity 12, nr 1 (18.12.2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12010001.
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Global decline of pollinators, especially bees, has been documented in many countries. Several causes such as land-use change and agricultural intensification are reported to be the main drivers of the decline. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of land use on honey bee and stingless bee populations. Research was conducted in Bogor and Malang to compare between two different geographical areas. Managed bees such as honey bees (Apis cerana and A. mellifera) and stingless bees (Tetragonula laeviceps) were investigated to examine the effect of agricultural intensification. Field experiments were conducted by placing beehives in selected habitats (i.e., beekeeper gardens, forests areas, and agriculture areas). Population growth and neonicotinoid residue analysis of bees in different hive locations were measured to study the effect of habitat type. Population growth of bees represents the forager abundance and colony weight. Based on the analysis, we found that habitat type affected forager abundance and colony weight of honey bees (p < 0.05), although the patterns were different between species, region, as well as season. Forests could support the stingless bee colony better than agriculture and home garden habitats. Insecticide (neonicotinoid) was barely recorded in both honey bees and stingless bees.
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Ioniță-Mîndrican, Corina-Bianca, Magdalena Mititelu, Adina Magdalena Musuc, Eliza Oprea, Khaled Ziani, Sorinel Marius Neacșu, Nicoleta Diana Grigore i in. "Honey and Other Beekeeping Products Intake among the Romanian Population and Their Therapeutic Use". Applied Sciences 12, nr 19 (26.09.2022): 9649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12199649.
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Honey and other bee products have been used for food and therapeutic purposes since ancient times. There are many varieties of honey with time-proven therapeutic properties, used in both traditional and modern medicine, along with various beekeeping products. In this study, conducted based on the dissemination of a questionnaire with 43 questions, an evaluation of the consumption of different types of honey for both food and therapeutic purposes was carried out. Hence, the frequency of the consumption of honey for food purposes was evaluated, as well as the pharmaceutical forms of honey and bee products utilized for therapeutic purposes, the population’s trust in their therapeutic potential, and their trust in the quality of bee products among the Romanian population. After processing the data, 917 responses were recorded, and it was found that the preferred types of honey were black locust (83.5%), multi-floral (81.9%), and linden (74.9%), and among the other bee products, the most consumed were propolis (44.2%) and bee pollen (29.2%). Regarding the use of honey as a sweetener, the majority of the respondents considered honey to be the healthiest option (81.7%), and regarding the use of honey for therapeutic purposes, most of the respondents stated that they used honey to strengthen the immune system (65.4%), as well as for skin treatment, laxative action, or energizing. The centralization and processing of the collected responses indicated a considerable level of readiness related to the increase in honey consumption in particular, but there is a need for the dissemination of effective information related to the nutritional and therapeutic value of beekeeping products to the population.
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Papachristoforou, Alexandros, Agnès Rortais, Maria Bouga, Gérard Arnold i Lionel Garnery. "Genetic characterization of the cyprian honey bee (Apis mellifera cypria) based on microsatell ites and mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms". Journal of Apicultural Science 57, nr 2 (1.12.2013): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jas-2013-0023.
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Abstract Honey bee populations from the island of Cyprus were analyzed using microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA markers. A total of 268 colonies were sampled in Cyprus, at six different locations-Kyrenia, Katydata, Flassou, Alabra, Troulloi, and Alassa-covering a wide area of the island. Results showed that the Cyprian honey bee Apis mellifera cypria could be distinguished from other Apis mellifera subspecies based on a „double pattern“ of mitochondrial DNA belonging to the C1 lineage and microsatellite DNA belonging to the O lineage. All populations were homogeneous, except the population from Kyrenia, probably due to the introduction of queens or colonies belonging to the C2, C6, and M7 lineages.
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Liu, Wen. "A Multistrategy Optimization Improved Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm". Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/129483.
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Being prone to the shortcomings of premature and slow convergence rate of artificial bee colony algorithm, an improved algorithm was proposed. Chaotic reverse learning strategies were used to initialize swarm in order to improve the global search ability of the algorithm and keep the diversity of the algorithm; the similarity degree of individuals of the population was used to characterize the diversity of population; population diversity measure was set as an indicator to dynamically and adaptively adjust the nectar position; the premature and local convergence were avoided effectively; dual population search mechanism was introduced to the search stage of algorithm; the parallel search of dual population considerably improved the convergence rate. Through simulation experiments of 10 standard testing functions and compared with other algorithms, the results showed that the improved algorithm had faster convergence rate and the capacity of jumping out of local optimum faster.
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Bykov, Alexandr. "Influence of the bee breed of the queen-rearing colony on the variability of queen behavioural and morphological features". АгроЭкоИнфо 5, nr 53 (30.10.2022): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/202125531.
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The adaptation of bees to the conditions of the climate in which they are located plays an important role in the preservation of the honeybee population. Numerous studies have shown that the exterior signs of bees carry not only the appearance, but are also closely related to the behavioral signs of bee colonies. Therefore, this study is necessary to determine the degree of transmission of pedigree traits of bee colonies. Keywords: HONEY BEE, APIS MELLIFERA, BEE, GENOTYPE, QUALITY FEATURES, PEACEFULNESS, LOYALTY, HONEY PRODUCTIVITY, PERSEVERANCE ON FRAME, SELECTION, MOTHERHOOD, BEE BREEDS, TEACHER FAMILY, MATERNAL FAMILY, FATHER’S FAMILY, SELECTION, ANALYSIS, LIPETSK REGION
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Rodríguez-Flores, María Shantal, Maurizio Mazzei, Antonio Felicioli, Ana Diéguez-Antón i María Carmen Seijo. "Emerging Risk of Cross-Species Transmission of Honey Bee Viruses in the Presence of Invasive Vespid Species". Insects 14, nr 1 (21.12.2022): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14010006.
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The increase in invasive alien species is a concern for the environment. The establishment of some of these species may be changing the balance between pathogenicity and host factors, which could alter the defense strategies of native host species. Vespid species are among the most successful invasive animals, such as the genera Vespa, Vespula and Polistes. Bee viruses have been extensively studied as an important cause of honey bee population losses. However, knowledge about the transmission of honey bee viruses in Vespids is a relevant and under-researched aspect. The role of some mites such as Varroa in the transmission of honey bee viruses is clearer than in the case of Vespidae. This type of transmission by vectors has not yet been clarified in Vespidae, with interspecific relationships being the main hypotheses accepted for the transmission of bee viruses. A majority of studies describe the presence of viruses or their replicability, but aspects such as the symptomatology in Vespids or the ability to infect other hosts from Vespids are scarcely discussed. Highlighting the case of Vespa velutina as an invader, which is causing huge losses in European beekeeping, is of special interest. The pressure caused by V. velutina leads to weakened hives that become susceptible to pathogens. Gathering this information is necessary to promote further research on the spread of bee viruses in ecosystems invaded by invasive species of Vespids, as well as to prevent the decline of bee populations due to bee viruses.
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Pereira, Maria João Ramos, Hugo Rebelo, Emma C. Teeling, Stephen J. O'Brien, Iain Mackie, Si Si Hla Bu, Khin Maung Swe, Mie Mie Khin i Paul J. J. Bates. "Status of the world's smallest mammal, the bumble-bee bat Craseonycteris thonglongyai, in Myanmar". Oryx 40, nr 4 (październik 2006): 456–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605306001268.
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The bumble-bee bat Craseonycteris thonglongyai of the monospecific family Craseonycteridae is categorized as Endangered on the IUCN Red List. First discovered in 1973, it was until recently only known from a small population of approximately 2,300 individuals restricted to the catchment area of the River Kwai, Thailand. However, in 2001 a single craseonycterid was discovered in Mon State, Myanmar, extending its geographical range by approximately 250 km. In October and November 2002 a survey was undertaken to examine the status of C. thonglongyai in Myanmar and assess its geographical distribution and population size. C. thonglongyai calls were recorded from bats emerging from nine of 19 caves surveyed; the population size was estimated to be 1,500. The phylogenetic relationships between the Thai and Myanmar populations were investigated using molecular, morphological and acoustic data. Morphologically, the two populations are indistinguishable. However, there is an 8–10 kHz echolocation call divergence between the populations. Cytochrome b data suggest that the two populations are similar and that the Myanmar population may be monophyletic. Annual surveys of the known bat roosts and in situ education programmes for local people are recommended together with the establishment of an integrated, transboundary Myanmar/Thai conservation strategy.
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LIAKOS (Β. ΛΙΑΚΟΣ), B. "Investigation on the relationship between population synthesis of the honeybee stocks reared in Crete and their resistance to the tracheal mite Acarapis woodi, Rennie". Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 53, nr 1 (31.01.2018): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15359.
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The population synthesis of honey bee breeds reared in Crete by crossbreeding among the native race Apis mellifera adami, Ruttner, the Macedonian bee Apis mellifera macedonica, Ruttner, and the Italian bee Apis mellifera ligustica, Spinal, was determinated. The probable relationship between population synthesis and resistance to tracheal mite Acarapis woodi, Rennie, of these breeds was also investigated. Samples of 50 bees were taken from 45 colonies of an apiary, infested with acarine disease, in which the bees showed a great diversity in their morphological characteristics and were examined as regards: a) the morphological and morphometric characteristics of the sampled bees, and b) the number of infested colonies, the prevalence, the unilateral or bilateral infection and the parasite intensity of thoracic tracheas, from every sample infested by Acarapis woodi. After examination the colonies were classified in four groups, according to morphological and morphometric characteristics that hade the majority of the bees in each sample: Group I, hybrids of Apis mellifera macedonica, group II, hybrids of Apis mellifera ligustica, group III, hybrids of "bright yellow" type of Apis mellifera ligustica, and group IV, diversiform hybrids. From the tracheas examinations it was detected that: the population synthesis affects the resistance of bee colonies. Bee colonies of group I showed the highest resistance. On the contrary, those of group III showed the lowest. Bee colonies of the two other groups showed relatively high resistance but less high than that of A. m. macedonica.
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Szawarski, Nicolás, Agustín Saez, Enzo Domínguez, Rachel Dickson, Ángela De Matteis, Carlos Eciolaza, Marcelino Justel i in. "Effect of Abscisic Acid (ABA) Combined with Two Different Beekeeping Nutritional Strategies to Confront Overwintering: Studies on Honey Bees’ Population Dynamics and Nosemosis". Insects 10, nr 10 (1.10.2019): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10100329.
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In temperate climates, beekeeping operations suffer colony losses and colony depopulation of Apis mellifera during overwintering, which are associated with biotic and abiotic stressors that impact bees’ health. In this work, we evaluate the impacts of abscisic acid (ABA) dietary supplementation on honey bee colonies kept in Langstroth hives. The effects of ABA were evaluated in combination with two different beekeeping nutritional strategies to confront overwintering: “honey management” and “syrup management”. Specifically, we evaluated strength parameters of honey bee colonies (adult bee and brood population) and the population dynamics of Nosema (prevalence and intensity) associated with both nutritional systems and ABA supplementation during the whole study (late autumn-winter-early spring). The entire experiment was designed and performed with a local group of beekeepers, “Azahares del sudeste”, who showed interest in answering problems associated with the management of honey bee colonies during the winter. The results indicated that the ABA supplementation had positive effects on the population dynamics of the A. mellifera colonies during overwintering and on the nosemosis at colony level (prevalence) in both nutritional strategies evaluated.
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Ilyasov, R. A., F. G. Yumaguzhin, V. N. Danilenko, R. R. Galin, T. V. Kononenko, I. N. Ganieva, H. W. Kwon, V. N. Sattarov i Y. A. Yanbaev. "Evaluation of the gene pool of the dark forest bee Apis mellifera mellifera in the biosphere reserve "Bashkir Urals"". Biomics 14, nr 4 (2022): 340–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31301/2221-6197.bmcs.2022-35.
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The gene pool of the native population of the dark forest bee Apis mellifera mellifera is gradually being lost due to spontaneous introgressive hybridization with bees of the southern subspecies, which are imported into the forest and forest-steppe zones for commercial beekeeping. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of preserving the gene pool of the dark forest bee A. m. mellifera in the biosphere reserve "Bashkir Urals" using genetic markers. It has been shown that the Q variant of the mtDNA of the COI-COII locus, which characterizes the southern subspecies of bees, occurs with an insignificant frequency in bee colonies on the territory of the Bashkir Urals Biosphere Reserve. The PQQ variant of the locus COI-COII mtDNA occurs with a high frequency in bees nesting in natural and artificial nest in tree trunks. The proportion of the Q mitotype is significantly higher in apiaries, as well as in natural and artificial nest in tree trunks in areas of the reserve without a strict protection regime. When using nine microsatellite loci, a tendency to an increase in allelic diversity in local populations with a higher occurrence of the Q mitotype was revealed. Based on the identified patterns, strategies are proposed to improve measures to preserve the gene pool of the population of the dark forest bee A. m. mellifera.
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Zokirovich, Eshdavlatov Orif. "Change Of Hive Temperature And Air Humidity In Uzbekistan Conditions During Wintering Of Bees Of Local Population". American Journal of Agriculture and Biomedical Engineering 03, nr 02 (28.02.2021): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajabe/volume03issue02-07.
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Information on fluctuations in hive temperature and humidity during bee winter in Tashkent region and feed consumption during winter. Studying all this is very important for the bees to survive and survive the winter.
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Li, Zuo Yong, Chun Xue Yu i Lei Zang. "Bee Immune Evolutionary Algorithm". Advanced Materials Research 268-270 (lipiec 2011): 1184–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.268-270.1184.
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The bee immune evolutionary algorithm was proposed in order to improve effectively the optimal ability of bee evolutionary genetic algorithm. In the evolutionary process of bee, the algorithm made on immune evolutionary iteration calculation, generate next-generation population, in the proportions of fitness values for the best individual and second-best individuals in each generation. Because the algorithm takes in the neighborhood of space search as well out the neighborhood of space search for the some optimal individuals, meanwhile, with iterative numbers increase, capability of local search can be strengthened gradually; the bee immune evolutionary algorithm can approach the global optimal solution with higher accuracy. The calculated results for typical best functions show that the bee immune evolutionary algorithm has better optimal capability and stability.