Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Bazars / Rozprawy doktorskie

Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Bazars”

Kliknij ten link, aby zobaczyć inne rodzaje publikacji na ten temat: Bazars.
Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 26 lipca 2024

Utwórz poprawne odniesienie w stylach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard i wielu innych

Wybierz rodzaj źródła:

Sprawdź 50 najlepszych rozpraw doktorskich naukowych na temat „Bazars”.

Przycisk „Dodaj do bibliografii” jest dostępny obok każdej pracy w bibliografii. Użyj go – a my automatycznie utworzymy odniesienie bibliograficzne do wybranej pracy w stylu cytowania, którego potrzebujesz: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver itp.

Możesz również pobrać pełny tekst publikacji naukowej w formacie „.pdf” i przeczytać adnotację do pracy online, jeśli odpowiednie parametry są dostępne w metadanych.

Przeglądaj rozprawy doktorskie z różnych dziedzin i twórz odpowiednie bibliografie.

1

Shali, Amini Vahid. "Bazar de Téhéran". Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040144.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
Les chercheurs se sont rarement donnés pour objet d'analyse le bazar de Téhéran qui reste donc plutôt inexploré et méconnu. Or il est aujourd'hui l'un des réceptacles de la crise générale qui touche la société iranienne contemporaine. Notre étude porte sur le fonctionnement interne et les contacts externes du bazar; son architecture et ses équipements; ses commerces; son artisanat et les occupations au sol de la zone commerciale. Enfin une étude comparative des enquêtes et des cartes effectuées par M. Seger (1973-197) et nous-même (1991-1995) donne à observer l'évolution générale du quartier du bazar
The researchers have seldom given as object to analyze the bazaar of Teheran, which remains rather unexplored and unknown, however, it is today one of the receptacle of the general crises which touches the Iranian contemporary society. Our study concerns the internal functioning and the external contacts of the bazaar of Teheran; its architect and equipment, its commerce, its crafts and the employments of the commercial zone. Finally, a comparative study of inquiries and of accounts accomplished by M. Seger (1973-1978) and us (1991-1995) will permit to observe the general development of the bazaar area
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
2

Mermier, Franck. "Les Souks de Sanaa et la société citadine, République arabe du Yémen". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376163047.

Pełny tekst źródła
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
3

Hachempour, Rahim. "Le bazar de Ghazvin (Iran) : analyse et propositions de réhabilitation". Reims, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998REIML006.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
Nous avons voulu a travers d'une recherche historique, urbanistique et architecturale sensibiliser d'une part les publics y compris les commerçants exerçant des activités au sein du bazar, d'autre part l'état qui est responsable de la survie du bazar. Cette recherche qui est composée de quatre chapitres et de onze sections, nous évoquons un historique montrant la genèse et l'évolution du bazar ainsi que les différents types du bazar : permanent, temporaire, saisonnier etc. Nous évoquons plus loin son rôle économique et ses influences sur l'état et le monde qu'il forme (la communauté bazari). En suit le bazar en Iran et dans les différentes régions : humide, aride et sèche. Nous parlons aussi de son architecture et ses espaces fonctionnels et de son tissu dans la ville et sa technique d'architecture. Un chapitre est consacré a la ville de Ghazvin. Nous avons pensé qu'il est nécessaire de montrer l'importance de cette ville sur laquelle nous avons base notre recherche. Le chapitre suivant présente le bazar de Ghazvin dans son ensemble et on entre dans les détails afin de mieux connaitre les problèmes avec qui le bazar de Ghazvin a vécu et vie encore. On essaie avec les procédés plus avances dans l'informatique de valoriser encore plus le bazar de Ghazvin, ceci en entrant le plan du bazar par la technique de digitalisation du plan de base (plan aérien), et passer ce dernier en 3 dimension. Le dernier chapitre, il s'agit des propositions d'aménagement pour certains et réhabilitation pour d'autres. Nous voulons dans la première étape donner des fonctions vitales et permanentes aux locaux existants, et ensuit reconstruire les locaux insalubres et construire les terrains vagues du tissu du bazar. Toutes ces propositions sont quasiment accompagnées par des figures et des planches afin de donner un aperçu de l'ensemble de propositions. D'autre part nous proposons des installations tant que "les installations d'accueils et loisir" qu'aujourd'hui elles ont presque disparu
We have expected to sensitize through this urbanistique, historical and archtecturale research on the one hand the public including the traders who trade insede the bazar, and on the other hand the state who is responsable to (pay attention to) bazar. This research which is composed of four chapters and eleven sections recalls a historical review, to show the origin and the evolution of bazar, it also discuss the different types of bazar : permanent, temporal, seasonal etc. We evocke later on its economic function and its influence over the state and its own members (the bazari community). We study also the bazar's architectural and functional areas, its texture within the city and its architectural technics. One chapter is consecrated to the city of Ghazvine. It has been necessery to show the importance of this town which is the subject of our research. The following chapter argues the overall picture of Ghasvine's bazar, we have gone into all the details for better understanding the problems which the bazar of Ghazvine has been and still is engaged in. We try to use the computer system in order to valorize more the bazar of Ghazvine by presenting its plan withe the help of the digitalization's technic and showing the basis plan ( air map) in three dimensions. The last chapter is about the suggestions to fit out some parts and rehbilitate the other. We would like to propose first of all the vital and permanent functions for the existing buldings then suggest reconstruction of insalubrious parts and finally forseeing the construction of the vacant land of drawing board to give an outine ( general idea) of proposed plan. On the other hand we suggest the equipements like + the receptions and leisuries ; which are disppeared nowadvs
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
4

Mermier, Franck. "Les Souks de Sanaa et la société citadine : République arabe du Yémen". Paris, EHESS, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988EHES0030.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
Notre travail, fruit d'une enquete ethnologique sur le marche de sanaa (capitale de la republique arabe du yemen),concerne l'organisation professionnelle des corps de metiers, l'echelle hierarchique des metiers et des groupes de statuts representes en ville. Par ce biais, nous avons tente d'identifier et d'analyser les fondements et les composantes de la societe citadine et de rendre compte des registres relationnels qui la relie a son environnement tribal. Pour ce faire, nous avons etudie l'importance et la place du souk dans le systeme tribal avant de reveler les racines historiques de l'autonomisme urbain. Celui-ci possede un cadre institutionnel l'organisation coutumiere de la ville et du marche. Le marche constitua au 19eme siecle le centre poli tique du pouvoir citadin qui se dota alors de ses institutions. Le marche dont l'historique des transformations socio-economiques sous les regimes imamite et republicain a ete retrace dans notre etude, representa durant des siecles le vecteur principal d'integration a la societe citadine pour les immigrants ruraux. Il a ete percu et analyse comme un territoire de socialisation ou sont inculquees les valeurs de l'ethos citadin et ou s'origine une grande partie des reseaux d'alliance de la ville
This work is the result of an etnographic enquiry about the market of sanaa (capital of the yemen arab republic). I have studied the professional organization of the market, the social ranking of the occupational categories living in the city. By this mean, i tried to identify and to analyse its foundations and the components of the townsmen's society and grasp its rela tions with its tribal surroundings. To achieve this goal, i have studied the importance and the place of the market in the tribal system before revealing the historical roots of the urban auto nomism. It has an institutional setting which is the customary organization of the market and the town. While outlining the history of the social and economical changes which affected the market, i have conceived it as a place of integration in the townsmen's society, as a territory of socialization where the values of the townsmen's ethos are conveyed and where a great part of the town's social networks originate
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
5

Hajjarabi, Fatima. "Les Souks féminins du rif central : anthropologie de l'échange féminin". Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA070150.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
Cette recherche porte sur les souks féminins du rif central marocain. Ce sont huit marches hebdomadaires réserves uniquement aux femmes dans les environs immédiats d'Al Hoceima. Ces souks sont anciens et attestés historiquement. Bien que devenus des résidus, ils sont encore fréquentés par de nombreuses marchandes et clientes. Cette étude s'est appliquée à situer le souk féminin dans son espace géographique, sociologique et économique. Elle a également mis en valeur l'échange qui porte sur de petites quantités mais qui n'exclut pas une grande diversité. Les circuits empruntés sont en marge des souks masculins. Toutes les pratiques sont encastrées dans le social. Le monde des vendeuses, est un monde à part. L'aspect social a constitué une grosse partie de cette étude. Le souk feminin est un lieu où se décident les alliances matrimoniales. C'est aussi un forum où tout ce qui traverse la société y a résonnance: commérage, fait divers etc. . .
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
6

Lahlali, Abdeljalil. "Souks et réseau urbain dans les Doukkala : étude géographique". Tours, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOUR4504.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
L'espace regional des doukkala est profondement marque par le secteur tertiaire. Neanmoins, une distension existe entre le tertiaire primi-tif domine par le role dynamique du commerce forain qui s'impose par sa structure et organise l'espace par son rayonnement, et la presence modeste d'un tertiaire dit evolue ou superieur. Ce desequilibre trouve son explication dans la persistance des structures ancestrales qui demeurent encore efficaces dans une societe qui a peu change en depit de l'intervention accrue des influences de la vie moderne. C'est dans ce contexte que le commerce soukier garde encore toutes ses prerogati-ves surtout en milieu urbain, malgre la presence d'une nouvelle for-me permanente de desserte commerciale. De meme le foisonnement des petits metiers qui forment le secteur refuge pour les deracines ruraux dans les agglomerations urbaines, est loin de provoquer un reel deve-loppement de l'economie urbaine. Dans ce cadre les rapports villescampagnes sont domines par un echange desequilibre dans lequel le monde rural est la partie la plus perdante. La promotion administrative des centres urbains et leur equipement par d'autres moyens d'intervention dans le milieu rural n'ont pas reussi a donner a la ville le veritable role du developpement regio-nal. L'absence d'une politique de regionalisation basee sur le lance-ment du secteur productif ainsi que l'intervention massive de l'in-fluence casablancaise ne favorisent guere l'instauration d'un reseau urbain bien equilibre susceptible de mener une action positive dans le developpement regional
THE REGIONAL SPACE OF DOUKKALA IS DEEPLY MARKED BY THE TERTIARY SECTOR. HOWEVER, THERE IS SLACKENING BETWEEN THE ORIGINAL TERTIARY RULED BY A DYNAMIC FAIR GROUND TRADE WHICH IS IMPOSED BY ITS STRUCTURE ANS ORGA-NISES SPACE BY ITS EXTENSION AND A MODEST PRESENCE OF COLLED DEVELO-PED TERTIARY. THIS IMBALANCE FINDS A SOLUTION IN THE PERSISTENCE OF FOREFATHER STRUCTURE STILL EFFICIENT IN A SOCIETY THAT HAS CHANGED BUT A LITTLE IN SPITE OF THE INTERVENTION OF MODERN LIFE IMPACTS. IN THIS PROSPECT THE SOUK TRADE STILL KEEPS ITS PREROGATIVES ESPECIALLY IN URBAN CENTRES NOT with STANDING THE NEW PERMANENT WAY OF TRADE SER-VICE. THE PROFUSION OF SMALL JOBS THAT CONSTITUTE PEOPLE. THE URBAN AREA IS FAR FROM PROVIDING A REAL DEVELOPEMENT OF URBAN ECONOMY. IN THIS WAY RELATIONSHIPS CITY VS. COUNTRYSIDE ARE RULED BY AN IMBA-LANCED EXCHANGE IN WHICH THE COUNTRYSIDE IS LOSING THE MOST. THE ADMINISTRATIVE PROMOTION OF URBAN AREAS, THE SAME AS THEIR EQUIPEMENTS HAVEN'T MANAGED TO GRANT THE CITY THE ROLE OF BEING THE REAL REGIONAL DEVELOPEMENT. THE LACK OF REGIONALIZATION POLICY BASED ON LAUNCHING THE PRODUCTIVE SECTOR AS WELL AS THE MASSIVE INTERVENTION OF CASA-BLANCA INFLUENCE NEVER FAVOUR THE SETTLING OF A WELL BALANCED URBAN NETWORK ABLE TO LEAD A POSITIVE ACTION IN THE REGIONAL DEVELOPEMENT
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
7

Piri, Saeid. "Restauration du bazar de Hamadan (Iran)". Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CNAM0919.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
Plusieurs grandes villes d'Iran sont riches de plusieurs millénaires de constructions desites historiques et de bâtiments anciens. Certaines de ces constructions, sont d'une partformées de matières vulnérables comme la brique cuite ou crue et le plâtre et d'autre partimpactées par la méthode de la distribution des usages urbains. Il en résulte d'importantschangements et des destructions. Le bazar comptait autrefois l’axe le plus important desespaces urbaines dans les villes iraniennes.D’après les documents existants dans les archives, on peut relever que l’anciennetéhistorique des bazars remonte au minimum à des milliers d’années avant J.-C.Jusqu’au début de 20e siècle, le bazar de chaque ville nourrissait un rapport organique etcohérent avec les autres espaces urbains, mais depuis le début de ce siècle et à la suite dudéveloppement des villes, de la construction des rues donnant accès aux voitures et de ladésignation des modèles d’habitation et d’urbanisme, le rapport entre le bazar et les autresétendues urbaines s'est amenuisé.De nos jours, le Bazar d’Hamadan est encore actif et utilisable mais il est actuellementvulnérable à cause de dégâts structuraux et de certains facteurs socio-économiques. C'est laraison pour laquelle, certaines parties du Bazar d’Hamadan seront graduellementabandonnées.L'objectif de ce travail de recherche est de connaître le bazar d’Hamadan du point devue des fonctions structurales ainsi que ses caractéristiques économiques et sociales, et deprésenter des solutions pour sa restauration, en visant les résultats suivants :- La prévision des possibilités spatiales afin de continuer de nouvelles activités,- la présentation de règlements et de prescriptions pour l’amélioration de laconstruction et l’épuration des activités incohérentes
Many big cities in Iran, have thousands years background and yet some parts of ancientsites and monuments that several centuries old are existing. Many of this textures andmonuments because of using vulnerable materials like brick and mud brick and also land usechanges in urban area are being changed and destroyed. Bazaar has been the most importantconnection way and Iranian urban spaces. According to the existing document, you can guessthat historical background of Bazars is related to thousand years B.C. until the first period ofcurrent century, Bazaars in each city had an organic and strong relation with other urbanspaces. But from the beginning of current age, after urban development and constructing ofroads and streets and establishing new methods of residency and urbanism, their relation withanother urban spaces has disjoined. Nowadays Hamadan bazaar is active, but due to the somesocioeconomic problems, some part of it is going to be deserted. The objective of study ofHamadan bazaar is determining the body and operation and some socioeconomiccharacteristics and finding solution for improvement as follow result. A) Predicting offacilities for further new activities. B) presenting standard and regulation for improvement ofconstruction and C) omitting misfit operation and activities
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
8

Moualem, Rim. "La Médina de Sfax et son souk : mutation d’un héritage urbain". Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100078.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
Malgré sa petite superficie (24 hectares), et sa planification ancienne qui remonte au IXème siècle après J. C. , la médina de Sfax nous paraît être une illustration exemplaire d'un processus d'urbanisation original dans le contexte du développement régional. Jusqu'aux années soixante, la médina de Sfax n'a pas connu de transformations architecturales et urbaines importantes. Son originalité résidait dans le juste équilibre spatial entre les différentes fonctions : habitat, commerces, artisans et équipements publics. En raison de la soukalisation de la médina, qui n'a pas cessé de gagner du terrain, cet équilibre est actuellement rompu. Ainsi, les familles aisées, composées de commerçants et d'artisans, ont progressivement quitté la médina pour s'installer en périphérie. Les maisons libérées sont en partie converties en boutiques, en ateliers et en dépôts et pour le reste elles accueillent la population issue de l'exode rural. Ce bouleversement s'est traduit, d'un point de vue architectural, par un impact néfaste. Aujourd'hui, on peut sans doute dire, que la médina de Sfax -un peu comme celle de Fès au Maroc- est une « ville-atelier ». L'implantation de l'activité économique orientée vers le commerce, et la mutation morphologique de la maison en souk représentaient la médina de Sfax comme un grand souk autrement dit un grand centre commercial traditionnel, davantage que comme un centre de production
In spite of its small surface (24 hectares), and its old planning that goes back to the IXth century after J. C, the “medina” (city) of Sfax seems to be an exemplary illustration of an original urbanization process of regional (area) development background. Up till the nineteen sixties, the city of Sfax did not know huge architectural transformation (alteration). Its originality resided in the exact space balance between the different functions: Accommodation, Business (commerce), and Artisan and Public equipments. Because of the “Soukalization” witch took more and more place in the city, this balance is actually interrupted. Hence (therefore), the businessmen and the craftsmen that represent the wealthy families left gradually the city in order to settle in the outskirts. The houses witch were left, were partly converted to shops, workrooms, and storehouses; whereas others were occupied by people coming from the rural depopulation. This architectural disorder caused a disastrous impact. Nowadays, we can surely say that the city of Sfax (like the city of Fès in Morocco) is an “atelier-city”. The implantation of the economic activity witch is turned towards business (commerce) on the one hand and the morphological alteration (transfer) of houses to “Souks” on the other hand, made the city of Sfax to become much more like a big “Souk”. In other wards, a big mall or shopping centre rather than a producing centre
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
9

Touarigt, Belkhodja Assia. "Sūq-s et funduq-s à Alger, Tlemcen et Constantine vers la fin de la période ottomane". Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040037.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
Alger, Tlemcen et Constantine possédaient, vers la fin de la période ottomane, de nombreux sūq-s et funduq-s. Très peu d’études ont été consacrées à ces structures économiques qui ont pour la plupart disparu après la prise d’Alger, au début du XIXe siècle. En se basant principalement sur des sources d’archives aussi bien de la période ottomane que du début de l’époque coloniale française, cette étude propose l’établissement d’un inventaire des établissements commerciaux de ces trois villes. Leur localisation topographique, les spécificités de leur implantation urbaine, les aspects toponymiques et socio-économiques sont également abordés dans le cadre de cette recherche. La confrontation de ces données avec les réalités du terrain a confirmé la disparition des funduq-s d’Alger, mais a révélé l’existence de quelques rares exemples existant encore à Constantine et à Tlemcen. Par ailleurs, des sources inédites datant du début du XIXe siècle et émanant des archives militaires françaises ont permis la reconstitution architecturale de cinq funduq-s algérois et de deux funduq-s constantinois
Algiers, Tlemcen and Constantine had, towards the end of the Ottoman period, many sūq-s and funduq-s. Very few studies have been dedicated to these economic structures that have mostly disappeared after the capture of Algiers, in the early nineteenth century. Based primarily on archival sources from the Ottoman period as well as the beginning of the French colonial era, this study proposes the establishment of an inventory of commercial establishments in the three cities. Their topographic location, the specifics of their urban settlement, geographical names and socioeconomic aspects are also covered under this research. The comparison of these data with the realities on the ground confirmed the disappearance of funduq-s of Algiers, but revealed the existence of a few surviving examples in Constantine and Tlemcen. In addition, unpublished sources from the early nineteenth century and from the French military archives have enabled the architectural reconstruction of five funduq-s in Algiers and two funduq-s in Constantine
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
10

Kachri, Ahmed. "Les Souks du Haouz de Marrakech : étude géographique". Tours, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOUR4503.

Pełny tekst źródła
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
11

Shalchi, Marzieh. "The Emergence of Shopping Centers and the Synchronic Continuity of the Tajrish Traditional Bazaar : A Comparative Study of the Tajrish Traditional Bazaar and the Ghaem and Tandiis Modern Shopping Centers (Tehran) and their Relationship". Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00814273.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
The invasion and succession in cities is a phenomenon that affects the functions of thebazaar. Heavy traffic in downtown areas, air pollution in cities, the transformation of thestructure of economic activities, the flow of immigrants on the market, the transfer of certainfunctions of the bazaar to commercial companies and etc all this has created problems forthe bazaar. In the present decades, "Bazaar" has faced a new and distinguishable rival in Iran.Every day "Shopping Centers" are spreading all over regions in Iranian cities. They are as asymbol of the extension of consumerism and the occurrence of a consumer society andglobalization. These places represent youth subcultures and cultural challenges against thehegemony at national level. Will the bazaar tolerate and survive these changes, or has italready been eliminated from the urban cycle? Will it coexist with this urban monument orwill it be eliminated?
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
12

Demirçivi, Mathilde. "Le Grand Bazar d’Istanbul et ses environs : formes, fonctions et transformations des han construits entre le début du XVIIIe s. et le milieu du XIXe s". Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040229.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
Le han est un type architectural lié au commerce et au logement qui s’est développé dans l’ensemble du monde islamique. Le han traditionnel présente un plan à cour intérieure bordée d’un portique à l’arrière duquel sont disposées les cellules. A Istanbul, ce type d’édifice s’est surtout développé dans le quartier commerçant principal de la péninsule historique et dans le Grand Bazar. Son évolution a suivi celle de la ville. Cette étude se concentre sur les han construits entre le début du XVIIIe s. et le milieu du XIXe s. Durant cette période, les échanges entre l’Empire ottoman et l’Occident s’intensifient. En architecture, l’influence occidentale se manifeste d’abord dans le décor puis dans la typologie, tendance observée également dans les han. Par ailleurs, d’autres transformations, liées cette fois-ci à l’évolution interne de l’architecture ottomane, y sont perceptibles. Enfin, le modèle architectural du han traditionnel se transforme peu à peu et à partir du milieu du XIXe s. apparaît un type de han proche de modèles occidentaux. Les divers remaniements dans la ville d’Istanbul, notamment ceux qui ont suivi incendies et tremblements de terre, ont eu pour conséquence la disparition de nombreux han ou leur réfection. L’exploitation d’une documentation très variée (sources d’archives ottomanes, documents graphiques anciens, relevés, plans de restitutions, photographies et autres) et le croisement des différentes données permettent de combler certaines lacunes relatives à la commande, à la construction, aux réparations, aux diverses transformations ainsi qu’aux fonctions des han
The han is an architectural structure related to trade and housing which developed throughout the Islamic world. The traditional han consisted of an inner courtyard surrounded by a portico that gave access to rooms. In Istanbul, this kind of buildings is mostly located in the main commercial area of the historical peninsula and in the Grand Bazaar. The evolution of the han is linked to the development of the city. This study focuses on the han built between the early 18th century and the mid 19th century. During this period, there was an increasing exchange between the Ottoman and Western worlds. In the field of architecture, the western influence was at first noticed in the decorative elements and later in the architectural typology, a trend that is also valid for the han. In addition, one can observe further changes linked to the evolution of the ottoman architecture itself. Consequently, the architectural model of the traditional han gradually changed through time and by the middle of the 19th century, a type of han very similar to western buildings could be seen. Various changes in the cityscape of Istanbul, particularly after great fires and earthquakes led to the disappearance or restructuring of many han. This work is based on research of a wide range of documents (Ottoman archival documents, historical graphics, plans, restoration projects, photographs etc.) and the cross examination of these data made it possible to find unedited informations concerning patrons, original constructions, repairs, various transformations as well as the uses of the han
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
13

Amado, Pedro Manuel Reis. "Explorando o Bazar Tipográfico". Master's thesis, Faculdade de Belas Artes da Universidade do Porto, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/10764.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
Mestrado em Arte Multimédia
Explorando o Bazar Tipográfico: A importância dos modelos emergentes de comunicação na criação de uma plataforma de colaboração livre para o design tipográfico trata de temas como a evolução da Web, a Cibercultura e Modelos de Comunicação, o desenvolvimento de Software Livre e a criação de Projectos Colaborativos sob a realidade electrónica. No âmbito da Comunicação na Cultura Digital, o desenvolvimento de Design Tipográfico foi a aplicação prática escolhida como objecto de análise, tendo por base a ideologia e o modelo de desenvolvimento de Software Livre. Reflecte-se principalmente a mudança de paradigma provocado pelo aparecimento da sociedade de informação desde o desenvolvimento do conceito de Internet. É, acima de tudo, uma análise dos processos de comunicação e colaboração na sociedade digital. Assim, apesar de abordar temas gerais como a Comunicação, ou Cibercultura, foca principalmente propostas colaborativas on-line, a dicotomia da Tecnologia versus Cultura, a Rede e os Modelos de Comunicação e as Plataformas de Colaboração actualmente mais populares. No entanto, sendo uma investigação desenvolvida no âmbito do Mestrado em Arte Multimédia, investiu-se essencialmente no Design Tipográfico. O subtítulo A importância dos modelos emergentes de comunicação na criação de uma plataforma de colaboração livre para o design tipográfico representa um desafio de síntese dos assuntos mais importantes da dissertação: A evolução e o desenvolvimento da Internet, da Web e da Cibercultura como iniciativas livres, de reacção e de contracultura; O surgimento da sociedade em rede actual, que reflexos existem na história do Ciberespaço como meio de comunicação e como este meio se revela ser o espaço ideal para o desenvolvimento da cultura digital actual; A influência dos modelos de comunicação dos finais dos anos 1960 no fenómeno de rede actual; O modelo de gestão adoptado pelo desenvolvimento de Software Open Source e como este influência o quotidiano e a produção criativa; Os presentes métodos colaborativos de produção e partilha de conhecimento e de produtos intelectuais motor de impulsão da inteligência colectiva e de uma sociedade mais produtiva, crítica e responsável.
Exploring the Type Bazaar: the importance of the emergent models of communication in the creation of a platform of free collaboration for type design deals with themes as the evolution of the Web, Cyberculture and Communication Models, the Development of Free Software and the creation of Collaborative Projects under the electronic reality. In the scope of the Communication in the Digital Culture, the development of Typographical Design was the practical application chosen as object of analysis, having the ideology and the Open Source Software model of development for its basis. It reflects mainly the change of paradigm provoked by the appearance of the information society since the development of the concept of the Internet. It is, above all, an analysis of the communication processes and its contribution in the digital society. Thus, although it approaches subjects as wide as Communication, or Cyberculture, it focuses mainly on on-line collaborative proposals, the dichotomy of the Technology versus Culture, the Net and Models of Communication and currently popular Platforms of Collaboration. However, being an investigation developed in the scope of the Master in Multimedia Art, the investment was made essentially in Typographical Design. The sub-heading the importance of the emergent models of communication in the creation of a platform of free collaboration for type design represents a great synthesis challenge of the most important subjects of the present dissertation: The evolution and the development of the Internet, the Web and the Cyberculture as free initiatives, as reaction and as Counterculture; The sprouting of the current net society. What reflections exist in the history of the Cyberspace as the communication media and how does this medium reveals itself to be the ideal space for the development of the current digital culture; The influence of the late 1960 s communication models in the current Web phenomenon; The management model adopted for the development of Open Source Software and as this inflences everyday life and the creative production; The current collaboration methods of production and of knowledge sharing of intellectual products - main impulse of the collective intelligence and of a more productive, critical and responsible society.
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
14

Beau, Anne-Sophie Schweitzer Sylvie. "Grand Bazar, modes d'emploi". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2001/beau_as.

Pełny tekst źródła
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
15

Amado, Pedro Manuel Reis. "Explorando o Bazar Tipográfico". Dissertação, Faculdade de Belas Artes da Universidade do Porto, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/10764.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
Mestrado em Arte Multimédia
Explorando o Bazar Tipográfico: A importância dos modelos emergentes de comunicação na criação de uma plataforma de colaboração livre para o design tipográfico trata de temas como a evolução da Web, a Cibercultura e Modelos de Comunicação, o desenvolvimento de Software Livre e a criação de Projectos Colaborativos sob a realidade electrónica. No âmbito da Comunicação na Cultura Digital, o desenvolvimento de Design Tipográfico foi a aplicação prática escolhida como objecto de análise, tendo por base a ideologia e o modelo de desenvolvimento de Software Livre. Reflecte-se principalmente a mudança de paradigma provocado pelo aparecimento da sociedade de informação desde o desenvolvimento do conceito de Internet. É, acima de tudo, uma análise dos processos de comunicação e colaboração na sociedade digital. Assim, apesar de abordar temas gerais como a Comunicação, ou Cibercultura, foca principalmente propostas colaborativas on-line, a dicotomia da Tecnologia versus Cultura, a Rede e os Modelos de Comunicação e as Plataformas de Colaboração actualmente mais populares. No entanto, sendo uma investigação desenvolvida no âmbito do Mestrado em Arte Multimédia, investiu-se essencialmente no Design Tipográfico. O subtítulo A importância dos modelos emergentes de comunicação na criação de uma plataforma de colaboração livre para o design tipográfico representa um desafio de síntese dos assuntos mais importantes da dissertação: A evolução e o desenvolvimento da Internet, da Web e da Cibercultura como iniciativas livres, de reacção e de contracultura; O surgimento da sociedade em rede actual, que reflexos existem na história do Ciberespaço como meio de comunicação e como este meio se revela ser o espaço ideal para o desenvolvimento da cultura digital actual; A influência dos modelos de comunicação dos finais dos anos 1960 no fenómeno de rede actual; O modelo de gestão adoptado pelo desenvolvimento de Software Open Source e como este influência o quotidiano e a produção criativa; Os presentes métodos colaborativos de produção e partilha de conhecimento e de produtos intelectuais motor de impulsão da inteligência colectiva e de uma sociedade mais produtiva, crítica e responsável.
Exploring the Type Bazaar: the importance of the emergent models of communication in the creation of a platform of free collaboration for type design deals with themes as the evolution of the Web, Cyberculture and Communication Models, the Development of Free Software and the creation of Collaborative Projects under the electronic reality. In the scope of the Communication in the Digital Culture, the development of Typographical Design was the practical application chosen as object of analysis, having the ideology and the Open Source Software model of development for its basis. It reflects mainly the change of paradigm provoked by the appearance of the information society since the development of the concept of the Internet. It is, above all, an analysis of the communication processes and its contribution in the digital society. Thus, although it approaches subjects as wide as Communication, or Cyberculture, it focuses mainly on on-line collaborative proposals, the dichotomy of the Technology versus Culture, the Net and Models of Communication and currently popular Platforms of Collaboration. However, being an investigation developed in the scope of the Master in Multimedia Art, the investment was made essentially in Typographical Design. The sub-heading the importance of the emergent models of communication in the creation of a platform of free collaboration for type design represents a great synthesis challenge of the most important subjects of the present dissertation: The evolution and the development of the Internet, the Web and the Cyberculture as free initiatives, as reaction and as Counterculture; The sprouting of the current net society. What reflections exist in the history of the Cyberspace as the communication media and how does this medium reveals itself to be the ideal space for the development of the current digital culture; The influence of the late 1960 s communication models in the current Web phenomenon; The management model adopted for the development of Open Source Software and as this inflences everyday life and the creative production; The current collaboration methods of production and of knowledge sharing of intellectual products - main impulse of the collective intelligence and of a more productive, critical and responsible society.
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
16

TERSIGNI, Olivia. "Il bazar contro l’archivio : un’archeologia del discontinuo". Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/103884.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
A partire dall’analisi di un progetto di rivista letteraria italiana mai realizzata (dal titolo provvisorio Alì Babà), e del materiale d’archivio ad esso relativo, la ricerca è volta a indagare, avvalendosi degli strumenti concettuali forniti dal metodo archeologico di Michel Foucault, la formazione di un discorso sul discontinuo. Tale discorsività si costituisce e si sviluppa in Francia a partire da fonti differenti lungo tutto il XX secolo e costituisce, nella sua ricezione, la base teorica dell’idea di rivista, il cui caso particolare costituisce il punto di partenza e il banco di prova della ricerca proposta. La formazione di un discorso del/sul discontinuo può essere rilevata fondamentalmente in tre ambiti: la letteratura, la ricerca storica e la filosofia. All’interno di ciascuno dei tre ambiti si possono individuare una serie di dispositivi che mirano alla frammentazione dell’unità e univocità del Discorso logico-rappresentativo, della Storia monumentale teleologicamente orientata nel senso di progresso della razionalità, e del Soggetto moderno, considerato da un lato come coscienza trascendentale e sovrana e, dall’altro, come oggetto di discorsi e pratiche normative-normalizzanti. La sfida aperta da questi dispositivi di frammentazione delle tre istanze menzionate, è costituita dall’articolazione di strategie di svincolamento nei riguardi dei dispositivi di assoggettamento, e, nello stesso tempo, dalla manifestazione di una potenzialità creatrice in grado di contestare le pratiche e i discorsi che emanano dai rapporti di potere istituiti nella società occidentale.
À partir de l’analyse du projet d’une revue littéraire italienne qui n’a jamais vu le jour (dont le titre devait être Alì Babà), et du matériel d’archive relatif à celle-ci, il s’agira d’interroger, en mobilisant une boite à outils conceptuelle foucaldienne, la formation d’un discours sur le discontinu. Celui-ci se constitue et se développe en France à partir de sources différentes tout au long du XX siècle ; c’est précisément sa perception et sa reprise qui ont engendré l’idée de la revue qui fournit à la fois le point de départ et le banc d’essai de la recherche. Cette constitution d’un discours du/sur le discontinu peut être repérée fondamentalement dans trois domaines : la littérature, les recherches historiques et la philosophie. A l’intérieur de chacun de ceux-ci, il est possible d’indiquer une série de dispositifs mis en place pour fragmenter l’unité et l’univocité du discours logico-représentatif, d’une histoire monumentale téléologiquement orientée par l’idée d’un progrès de la rationalité, et du sujet moderne lui-même, qu’il soit considéré comme transcendant et souverain, ou bien comme pur objet de savoirs et de pratiques normalisantes. L’enjeu de ces différents procédés de fragmentation des trois unités mentionnées est de révéler et de libérer à la fois certaines stratégies de déprise à l’égard des dispositifs d’assujettissement, et de faire valoir la potentialité créatrice de discours inédits susceptibles de contester les pratiques et les discours émanant de rapports de pouvoir institués.
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
17

Deka, M. "THE OTHER INFORMATION SOCIETY: AN ETHNOGRAPHY OF DELHI'S ELECTRONIC BAZAARS". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/250694.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
The thesis is based on the fieldwork amongst three electronic bazaars in Delhi , Palika Bazaar, Nehru Place and Lajpat Rai Market. Through the traders of video games, the thesis examines knowledge, ethics and aspirations in the bazaars and develops the contours of a bottom-up information society in India. Unlike the top down information society in India that is of the software professionals, high-rising malls and branded products, the bottom-up information society is made up of tinkerers, bazaars and second hand video games. Latourean idea of 'modes of existence' is used to frame the facets of the bottom-up information society in India that emerges as a novel way of being via information products.
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
18

Mak, Wai-man Stephanie. "Chinese arts and craft complex in Ladder Street, Sheung Wan". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25945178.

Pełny tekst źródła
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
19

Kaldjian, Paul Jeremy. "Urban food security and contemporary Istanbul: Gardens, bazaars and the countryside". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284149.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
To the visitor, Istanbul, Turkey is flush with food. But food supply and access to food can be unrelated. Socioeconomic, demographic and development data suggest food security problems for a significant portion of the population. After World War II, migrants to Istanbul from Anatolia who built house gardens within their original squatter settlements (gecekondus) have sold their lands or turned them into apartments. Similarly, only fragments of the traditional network of commercial, intensive urban gardens ( bostans) in Istanbul remain. In addition, the expanding system of European style supermarkets and commercial production in the global marketplace are changing the traditional urban food networks built around such institutions as the neighborhood bazaar. To begin to understand the shifting components of Istanbul's food system, information from numerous sources was gathered and analyzed. The main field data of my research are interviews with Istanbul farmers and residents; interviews with government officials, academics, and professionals; official and unofficial statistics from governments and associations; and surveys. Supplementary information is from Turkish newspaper sources, library materials, and various books and maps. Through kinship relations, labor mobility, the availability of formal and informal economic and transportation networks and the persistence of small, family farms nationwide, food security in Istanbul is supported by food individually and communally transferred from the countryside. Subsistence agricultural production across rural Turkey appears to play a vital role in feeding the urban population through informal food delivery and distribution channels. Thus, despite reductions in rural populations and appearances that rural and agricultural communities are declining, their productivity may be as important as ever. With their emphases on resource use, adaptation, consideration of multiple scales, and the exercise of local agency within structures of power and wealth, political and cultural ecology provide perspectives from which to meaningfully analyze food security needs and practices in Istanbul. Such a framework is enhanced by contributions from research in food systems and food security. Time centered tactics, exchange entitlements and food accessibility within the city cannot be understood apart from its relationship to the countryside.
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
20

Míč, Miroslav. "Petr Bazala - život a dílo". Master's thesis, Akademie múzických umění v Praze.Hudební a taneční fakulta. Knihovna, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-261359.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
This thesis intoduce us with a successful composer and personality. First part is about his life – youth, studies, interests, musical success, teaching the children. Second part is dedicate to his work, full list of compositions with illustrations and analyses of choosen pieces, as well as a CD recordings include.
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
21

Mollo, Lúcia Tormin. "Bazar Oió : uma livraria, um livreiro e um campo literário". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2016. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/23894.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Letras, Departamento de Teoria Literária e Literaturas, 2016.
Submitted by Raquel Almeida (raquel.df13@gmail.com) on 2017-07-18T20:04:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_LúciaTorminMollo.pdf: 2152356 bytes, checksum: e7b0f54c2a424dc4227c26044ef92099 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Viana (raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2017-07-26T18:05:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_LúciaTorminMollo.pdf: 2152356 bytes, checksum: e7b0f54c2a424dc4227c26044ef92099 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-26T18:05:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_LúciaTorminMollo.pdf: 2152356 bytes, checksum: e7b0f54c2a424dc4227c26044ef92099 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-26
O objeto de pesquisa deste trabalho é a livraria Bazar Oió. A partir dela, será discutido o seu papel, junto com o livreiro Olavo Tormin e os produtores culturais que faziam parte desse cenário. Estamos falando de Goiânia (GO), entre os anos 1951 a 1974. O Bazar Oió atuava também como editora, promovia lançamentos, funcionava como uma biblioteca informal e organizava debates políticos e literários. Esta dissertação busca compreensão sobre o modo como uma livraria, fora do eixo literário nacional, exerceu um papel relevante no cenário cultural local como um espaço de confluência e de exercício de tomadas de posição. Para isso, recorreu-se a Pierre Bourdieu e seu pensamento sobre campo literário. A partir da delimitação do cenário literário goiano da época e a sua relação com o nacional, a livraria Bazar Oió foi analisada como um espaço literário; e o livreiro e seus frequentadores, como principais agentes. São discutidas as dinâmicas fomentadas no ambiente da livraria e/ou motivada pela atuação de Olavo Tormin, com ênfase em um caso específico, a polêmica provocada pelo crítico paulista Homero Silveira, em 1956, ao se referir à produção literária goiana. É feita ainda uma discussão sobre livrarias e regimes autoritários, a partir do Bazar Oió e da ditadura militar no Brasil.
The object of this research is the bookstore named Bazar Oió. From it, we discuss its role as well as the bookseller Olavo Tormin and cultural producers that were part of this scenario, Goiânia, between 1951 to 1974. The Bazar Oió acted as publisher, an informal library, conducted book launches and political and literary debates. This work tries to understand how a bookstore, outside the national literary center, played a role in the local cultural scene as a space of confluence and position-takings. We used the Pierre Bourdieu’s theory on the literary field. From the definition of Goiás literary scene and its relation to the national, Bazar Oió bookstore was analyzed as a literary space; and the bookseller and its visitors, as the main agents. The dynamic fomented by the bookstore environment and/or motivated by the acting of Olavo Tormin are discussed with emphasis on a specific case, the controversy caused by the São Paulo critic Homero Silveira, in 1956, when referring to local literary production. Finally, there is a discussion about bookstores and authoritarian regimes, from the relation between Bazar Oió and the military dictatorship in Brazil.
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
22

Pal, Mita. "Study of English bazar town and planning for its developments". Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1237.

Pełny tekst źródła
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
23

Haghighi, Farzaneh. "Bazaar as Event: An exploration of the Tehran bazaar through the Foucauldian notion of event". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/14685.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
The Tehran bazaar has become the object of several studies which focus on the Iranian bazaar’s response to social transformations and its inextricable relation to the history and future of the city. It is these two features that the sociopolitical and architectural discourses tend to fixate upon in describing, defining and analysing the complexity of Iranian marketplaces. This dissertation initially maps the conceptualisations being formulated by the sociopolitical and architectural discourses. In doing so, it identifies what has remained outside of such disciplinary frameworks. By charting the excluded aspects of the Tehran bazaar, this thesis seeks to underline the neglected spatial features that reduce the bazaar to a backdrop of activities. This dissertation intends to consider the bazaar as an event by allowing the potential immanent in this complex urban environment to be expressed. By formulating a theoretical framework informed by the notion of event conceptualised by the French philosopher Michel Foucault, this research seeks to overcome some of the inadequacies of the sociopolitical and architectural discourses and present alternative accounts that can acknowledge the multiplicity of non-reductive narrations.
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
24

Šlégrová, Olga. "Projektové řízení brandu, v praxi aplikované na módní značku Bazar Bar". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-261988.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
The Master's Thesis is dedicated to a topic of project management which is explored through the fashion brand Bazar Bar. The theoretical part is focused on definition necessary terms for the whole Thesis and it is occupied with connected fields of study: project management and brand marketing. In the practical part are the theoretical knowledge presented on the real brand called Bazar Bar. The Master's Thesis has set a target to analyse the real fashion brand operating on the Czech Market from two points of view: project management and brand marketing.
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
25

Briseño, J. Andrew. "Henderson Street Bazaar and Other Stories". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc33222/.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
The preface, "Against Buses: Charles Baxter and the Contemporary Epiphany" deals with the epiphany as a potential ending to short stories. Baxter holds that epiphanies are trite and without purpose in today's fiction. I argue that Baxter's view, while not without merit, is limiting. Beginning with James Joyce and Katherine Anne Porter and moving to my own work, I discuss how some epiphanies, particularly false ones, can enhance rather than detract from excellent fiction. Five short stories make up the remainder of this thesis: "Dedication," "Taking it with You," "Transition to Flowers," "Profile in Courage," and "Henderson Street Bazaar."
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
26

Ahsan, Md Abul. "Production Optimization of Beani Bazar Gas Field of Bangladesh Through Simulation Run". Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for petroleumsteknologi og anvendt geofysikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-19195.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
Bean Bazar gas field was discovered by Pakistan Shell Oil Company (PSOC) in 1960 and initial production started since 1999. The field has two wells-BB1 and BB2 and two sand groups- Upper Gas sand (UGS) and Lower Gas Sand (LGS). This is one of the condensate rich fields in Bangladesh. The field is produced by water drive. A huge amount of water is produced from the two sands. The proven gas reserve of this field was estimated approximately 230.80 Bcf. The total gas produced till December, 2011 was 75.65 Bcf. That is one-third gas had already been produced. The remaining gas is required to recover from the wells by predicting the present well and reservoir performance for a certain time based on the current production data. That is why, this task was liked by me when the authority proposed me.In this thesis work, a simulation model was constructed based on the latest production data. Vertical Flow performance (VFP) for BB1 and BB2, Change of transmissibility, Change of angle of aquifer etc. improved the recovery. Most of the geological data was taken from the "Simulation Study of Beani Bazar Field" by RPS Energy, U.K.2009. The simulation model was then run to forecast the future field performance to find out an optimal development plan for the field and to determine the reserve estimation.Simulation results showed that the ultimate recovery is very high in drilling wells but it involves a lot of cost. But there is no way out. The water must be controlled. The final recommendation for future work on Beani Bazar simulation model is that the water rise should be controlled by drilling a new well in the present reservoir a few km away from the existing wells. The quick gas production can bring huge water which should be handled by re-installing the plant infra-structure.
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
27

Srđan, Škrbić. "Upotreba fazi logike u relacionim bazama podataka". Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/NS20090319SKRBIC.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
Doktorska disertacija pripada oblastiinformacionih sistema, odnosno podoblasti kojase bavi upravljanjem skladištenjem ipretraživanjem informacija. Osnovni ciljdisertacije je modeliranje i implementacijaskupa alata koji omogućavaju upotrebu fazilogike u radu sa relacionim bazama podataka.Da bi se do tog skupa alata došlo, najpre jerelacioni model podataka proširen elementimateorije fazi skupova, a zatim je definisano faziproširenje upitnog jezika SQL – PFSQL.Interpreter za taj jezik je implementiran uokviru fazi JDBC drajvera koji, osimimplementacije interpretera, sadrži i elementekoji omogućavaju jednostavnu upotrebu ovihmehanizama iz programskog jezika Java. Skupalata je zaokružen implementacijom CASEalata za razvoj fazi-relacionog modela bazepodataka. Osim toga, razmatrane su imogućnosti za upotrebu PFSQL jezika uvišeslojnim aplikacijama.
This doctoral dissertation belongs to thefield of information systems, subfieldinformation storage and retrieval management.The main subject of the dissertation is modelingand implementation of a set of tools that allowusage of fuzzy logic in relational databaseapplicationsIn order to achieve that goal, at first, therelational data model is extended with elementsof fuzzy set theory. After that, a fuzzyextension of the SQL query language, calledPFSQL, is defined. An interpreter for thatlanguage is implemented as a part of the fuzzyJDBC driver. Beside the implementation of theinterpreter, this fuzzy JDBC driver containselements that allow simple usage of offeredmechanisms from Java programming language.The set of tools is concluded with theimplementation of the CASE tool for thedevelopment of fuzzy-relational data models. Inaddition, possibilities to use PFSQL languageon the middle tier of multi tier systems arediscussed.
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
28

Volschenk, Marius Stephanus. "OK Bazaars (1929) Ltd : a strategic management analysis of the period 1970 to 1997". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52379.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this dissertation is to attempt to shed some light on the strategic issues and shortfalls that accompanied the OK Bazaars (1929) Ltd on its path from being the oldest and largest retailer in South Africa to becoming a spiralling loss-maker and being sold for a mere R1 at the end of what is probably the longest existing retail-trade history for a company this size in South Africa. Only a limited number of South African case studies exist in the field of Strategic Management and the writer will, in the latter part of the dissertation, condense the broad facts to a case study that will serve South African students in the field of Strategic Management. The study firstly follows a theoretical discussion on some Strategic Management theory, especially the two important concepts of vision and mission. This leads to the discussion of a model for Strategic Management or more specific, strategic analysis. The study then concludes with the application of the model on the OK Bazaars, which entails the essence of the report. The focus is on the company since the early seventies and thereafter up until its sale by The South African Breweries(SAB) in 1997. The period under discussion is fragmented into roughly the three decades, that is the seventies, the eighties and the years 1990 to 1997(the nineties). The writer at this stage wishes to emphasise that, due to a number of factors which will be discussed shortly, a broad analytical approach is followed on the seventies with a somewhat more detailed analysis being done on the eighties and, as far as is possible, a full-on analysis of the nineties. The reasons for this approach are as follows: • The 0K Bazaars in its pre-1997 form does not exist anymore and the people involved with the then-existing company are no longer available for comment. Almost no media-published material is available on the OK Bazaars during the seventies with only limited published material on the eighties. • Due to the SAB and Shoprite Holdings, the new owners of OK Bazaars, currently still being in a dispute as to the exact extent of the losses incurred by the OK just prior to the take-over and the nett asset value of the OK Bazaars at the time of the take-over, the situation surrounding the OK and its financial figures are very sensitive at present. As a result very little information is available from Shoprite with no information from SAB except the annual financial reports. By August 2000 there were still indications that the dispute was not yet resolved (De Vynck,2000). Due to the poor performance of OK Bazaars in the last years of its presence in the SAB stable, the annual financial reports of SAB also reflect the minimum information on the company (OK). It is however the aim of the writer to evaluate, with the somewhat limited information at hand, the company from a strategic management point of view and construct these facts to a practical case study for fellow students in this interesting field of management.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie proefskrif is om te poog om die strategiese probleme en tekortkominge uit te lig wat bygedra het tot die ondergang van OK Bazaars (1929) Bpk, vanaf die stadium dat die OK die grootste kleinhandelaar in Suid-Afrika was totdat dit 'n onomkeerbare verliesmaker geword het en verkoop is vir 'n skamele R1 aan die einde van wat waarskynlik die langsbestaande kleinhandelsgeskiedenis vir 'n maatskappy van hierdie grootte in Suid Afrika is. Daar bestaan slegs 'n beperkte aantal Suid Afrikaanse gevallestudies in die veld van Strategiese Bestuur en die skrywer sal, in die laaste deel van die proefskrif, die breër feite tot 'n gevallestudie reduseer wat gebruik kan word deur Suid Afrikaanse studente in the veld van Strategiese Bestuur. Die studie begin met 'n bespreking van sekere teoretiese aspekte van Strategiese Bestuur, veral die twee belangrike onderwerpe van visie en missie. Dit lei tot die bespreking van 'n model vir Strategiese Bestuur, of meer spesifiek strategiese ontleding of analise. Die studie gaan dan voort met die toepassing van die model op die OK Bazaars, wat die kern van die verslag vorm. Die fokus is op die maatskappy sedert die vroeë sewentigerjare en daarna tot en met die verkoop daarvan deur die SAB in 1997. Die tydperk onder bespreking word rofweg opgedeel in die drie dekades, naamlik die sewentigerjare, die tagtigerjare en die jare 1990 tot 1997 (die negentigerjare). Die skrywer wil reeds op hierdie stadium beklemtoon dat, as gevolg van 'n paar faktore wat hierna bespreek sal word, 'n breë oorsigtelike benadering gevolg word ten opsigte van die sewentigerjare met 'n ietwat meer gedetailleerde ontleding wat ten opsigte van die tagtigerjare gedoen word en, sover as moontlik, 'n volwaardige ontleding van die negentigerjare. Die redes vir hierdie benadering is as volg: • Die OK Bazaars soos dit gelyk het voor 1997 bestaan nie meer nie, en die persone wat betrokke was by die maatskappy soos dit op daardie stadium daar uitgesien het, is nie meer beskikbaar vir kommentaar nie. • Daar is feitlik geen media-gepubliseerde materiaal omtrent OK Bazaars gedurende die sewentigerjare beskikbaar nie, terwyl slegs beperkte gepubliseerde materiaal omtrent die tagtigerjare beskikbaar is. • As gevolg van die feit dat SAB en Shoprite Holdings, die nuwe eienaars van OK Bazaars, tans steeds in a dispuut is insake die presiese omvang van die verliese aangegaan deur die OK net voor die oorname asook die netto batewaarde van OK op die stadium van die oorname, is die situasie rakende die OK en die finansiële resultate daarvan hoogs sensitief op die oomblik. Gevolglik is baie min inligting beskikbaar vanaf Shoprite, terwyl geen inligting vanaf die SAB kant buiten die statutêre jaarverslae beskikbaar is nie. Teen Augustus 2000 was daar steeds aanduidings dat die dispuut nie opgelos is (De Vynck,2000). As gevolg van die swak vertoning van die OK Bazaars in die laaste jare waartydens dit nog binne die SAB stal geval het, reflekteer die jaarlikse finansiële verslae van die SAB slegs die minimum inligting omtrent die maatskappy (OK). Dit is egter die doel van die skrywer om met die beperkte inligting beskikbaar, die maatskappy uit 'n strategiese bestuur-oogpunt te evalueer en hierdie feite dan saam te voeg ten einde 'n praktiese gevallestudie daar te stel vir mede studente in hierdie interessante veld van bestuur.
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
29

Rahman, Masadur. "Exploring the socio-economic impacts of tourism : a study of Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh". Thesis, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10369/2564.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
This study evaluates the socio-economic impact of tourism development on the local community in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. The country wants to utilize tourism as an economic development tool to reduce poverty and stimulate socio-economic wellbeing. Tourism has profound impact on the local community of the destination as it brings economic and socio-cultural changes. The significant positive economic impacts are increased employment and earning opportunities, enhanced standard of living, more investments, infrastructural development, and new business linkages and opportunities. However some negative economic impacts been identified, like increased income disparity, increased land price and rent, price hike of essential goods and services, seasonality effects and leakage of earnings. A frustrating finding is that majority of the tourism assets and well-paid jobs are enjoyed by non-locals whereas the local community does not enjoy its rightful share due to uneven benefit distribution. The positive socio-cultural impacts include women empowerment, more participation in education, limited outward migration, and enhanced social safety and security. Some negative socio-cultural impacts are displacement of poor from their land, increased social gap, frustration, social disorder and loss of cultural originality. Unfortunately the local community is not fully aware of the value of their cultural heritage and so they try to imitate tourist’s socio-cultural traits. A major difference from other tourism impact studies is tourism does not contribute in raising crime, gambling, and prostitution in Cox’s Bazar. The local community is involved in tourism activities but has minimal involvement in the decision making process. This study reveals that the local community is totally excluded from the policy formulation process and policy makers do not consider the socio-economic impacts of tourism development on the local community. Local community is benefiting from tourism development but significant scope exists to increase their active participation and equitable benefit sharing. Some recommendations are made for the Development of Tourism in Cox’s Bazar to maximize positive impacts and minimize negative impacts along with some insights for further research in this field.
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
30

Mattio, Eduardo. "Del bazar a la familia: una aproximación crítica a las idealizaciones” políticas rortyanas". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú - Departamento de Humanidades, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/112832.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
From the Bazaar to the Family: A Critical Approach to Rortyan Political ‘Idealizations’”. Richard Rorty’s political work has united, in a unique narrative, the social hopes of liberal egalitariasm with the philosophical anti-essentialism of postmodernism. As a consequence, when Rorty’s political philosophy justifies” the institutions of liberal democracy it does not appeal to metaphysical or transcendent fundamentals firmly established; however, it does appeal to idealizations, to narrative constructions that allow emphasizing those componentsof our political practices that we think are worthy and minimize those that we think are secondary. This article analyzes two of the idealizations used by Rorty to summarize the purposes of his liberal democracy: Kuwaiti bazaar -images of the separation between public and private sphere- and of the family -archetype of the relations that should be promoted in liberal societies. These narratives resources not only express the nature of his political project but also show the limitations at the moment of realizing his main objective: the expansion of solidarity.
La obra política de Richard Rorty ha reunido, en un único tejidonarrativo, las esperanzas sociales del igualitarismo liberal con las exigencias filosóficas del antiesencialismo posmoderno. En consecuencia, al momento de justificar” las instituciones de la democracia liberal, la filosofía política rortyana no apela a fundamentos metafísicos o trascendentales firmemente establecidos, sino más bien a idealizaciones, esto es, a constructos narrativos que permiten enfatizar aquellos componentes de nuestras prácticas políticas que creemos valiosos y minimizar aquellos que consideramos prescindibles. En el presente trabajo, analizaremos dos de las idealizaciones utilizadas por Rorty para resumir los propósitos de su democracia liberal, a saber, la del bazar kuwaití –imagen dela escisión entre las esferas pública y privada– y la de la familia –arquetipo de las relaciones que han de promoverse en el marco de las sociedades liberales–. Entendemos que tales recursos narrativos no solo expresan la naturaleza de suproyecto político, sino que dan cuenta de sus limitaciones al momento de realizar su objetivo fundamental: la expansión de la solidaridad.
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
31

Léon, Sophie. "Les tombes ordinaires de l’âge du Bronze ancien et moyen à Chagar Bazar". Thesis, Lille 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL30049.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
Le site de Chagar Bazar situé dans la Jezireh syrienne est fouillé conjointement, depuis 1999, par la Direction Générale des Antiquités de Syrie et l'Université de Liège. 165 tombes ordinaires de l'âge du Bronze ancien et moyen ont été découvertes entre 1999 et 2010 et ce sont ces tombes qui sont étudiées dans ma thèse de doctorat. Le nombre relativement élevé de sépultures sur le site ainsi que le soin relatif apporté à leur examen permettent d'avoir à notre disposition un corpus important tant sur la quantité de données récoltées que sur leur qualité. En effet, si des tombes sont souvent mises au jour sur d'autres sites, elles ne font pas toujours l'objet d'une attention particulière de la part des archéologues. Les renseignements fournis par ces fouilles sont de plusieurs ordres : ils concernent principalement les aménagements funéraires, le mobilier déposé dans la sépulture et les ossements exhumés. Leurs analyses nous apporteront des informations, dont certaines inédites, notamment sur les offrandes animales. Une comparaison des tombes de Chagar Bazar (aménagement de la sépulture, matériel funéraire, restes osseux) avec celles de la Jezireh syrienne permet de montrer les convergences et divergences des tombes de Chagar Bazar avec l'ensemble des sépultures mises au jour dans la région L'étude présentée sera donc l'occasion de faire de Chagar Bazar un site de référence pour l'étude des tombes et pratiques funéraires dans la Jezireh au Bronze ancien et moyen
A joint team of the General Direction of Antiquities of Syria and the University of Liege resumed since 1999 the excavations at Chagar Bazar located in the Syrian Jezireh. Between 1999 and 2010, 165 ordinary graves dating to the early and Middle Bronze Ages are excavated and they are studied in my PhD thesis. Thanks to the important number of excavated graves which were studied with relatively great care in the field, we have at our disposal an significant corpus of data which is relevant as far as the quantity and the quality of the informations are concerned. Indeed the graves are rarely excavated with comparable care and so richly documented in the other sites of the Syrian Jezireh. The excavations yielded many kind of informations, mainly on the funerary structures but also on the funerary deposits as well as on the human and animal bones ; some features are even original and not studied in detail until now elsewhere, as the animal offerings in the graves. The comparison, using all known details, between the rgaves excavated in Chagar Bazar and those discovered in the other sites of the Syrian Jezireh allows to highlight the points of convergence and divergence in the frame of funerary customs in the region. Thanks to the study of this new data, Chagar Bazar should be a reference site for a further investigation of graves and funerary customs in the Jezireh during the Early and Middle Bronze Ages
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
32

Neimanienė, Ana. "Biologijos dalyko žinių bazės projektavimas". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090831_153356-24193.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
Projektuojamas biologijos dalyko žinių bazės sistemos įrankis integruotas virtualioje mokymosi aplinkoje leis pasitikrinti biologijos žinias apie žuvis.Tokioje sistemoje vartotojui bus leidžiama pasiekti turinį ir parsisiųsti elektroninius išteklius. Sistema turėtų būti prieinama daugeliui vartotojų ir ją galėtų naudoti kaip mokymo priemonę. Biologijos žinių bazės įrankio paskirtis - pateikti vartotojui reikalingas žinias, padėti atrasti atsakymus į užduotus klausimus ir palengvinti mokymąsi.
Designing of Biology Subject Knowledge Base integrated virtual study environment enable coat check principles of biology about fish. At that system user was enable access contents and send paperless reservoir. System must be accessible many users and it must be used learning tools. Biology Subject Knowledge Base tools purpose – lay users required knowledge and help discover answers in put question and make easer training.
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
33

Mirjana, Radanović. "Kompleksi nekih prelaznih metala sa Šifovim bazama aminogvanidina". Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2015. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=95548&source=NDLTD&language=en.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
   U ovoj doktorskoj disertaciji opisane su sinteze novih kompleksa prelaznih metala sa piridoksiliden-  (PLAG), odnosno saliciliden-aminogvanidinom (SALAG). Dobijenikompleksi su okarakterisani elementalnom analizom, IR spektrima, konduktometrijskim i magnetnim merenjima, a većina i rendgenskomstrukturnom analizom. Osim toga, dobijene su i nove forme ovih Šifovih baza, i to u vidu monokristala, čime su omogućena ispitivanja njihovih  molekulskih i kristalnih struktura, kao i uporedna analiza sa koordinovanim ligandima.    Sa PLAG je sintetisano 7 novi  kompleksa Cu(II), a pored toga po prvi put suizolovani mono i bis(ligand) kompleksi Fe(III) i Co(III), mono(ligand) kompleksi  V(V), kao  i jedan kompleks Zn(II) u kojem ovaj potencijalno tridentatni  ONN  ligand,  umonoprotonovanoj formi,  ima ulogu kontra-jona. Sa stanovišta geometrije zajedničko za izolovane komplekse Cu(II) i V(V) je da imaju kvadratno-piramidalnu strukturu, sa izuzetkom jednog kvadratno-planarnog kompleksa Cu(II), dok je u kompleksima Fe(III) i Co(III) nađeno očekivano oktaedarsko okruženje centralnogjona. Pored ovih, sintetisano je i pet novih kompleksa sa SALAG, od kojih su dvakompleksa Cu(II) i kompleks V(V) okarakterisani rendgenskom strukturnomanalizom, dok je mikrokristalnim bis(ligand) kompleksima Co(III) i Ni(III) na osnovufizičko-hemijskih karakteristika predložena odgovarajuća struktura.   Zajedničko za obe opisane Šifove baze je da se koordinuju na  ONN  tridentatni način, i to preko atoma kiseonika deprotonovane fenolne grupe i atoma azota azometinske i imino grupe AG fragmeta. Posebno je naglašeno da su  saPLAG izolovana dva dimerna kompleksa Cu(II) u kojima je po prvi put nađena tetradentatna koordinacija ovog  liganda, u koju je dodatno uključen atom kiseonika hidroksimetil-grupe PL-ostatka. Za razliku od SALAG, koji je u izolovanim kompleksima koordinovan isključivo kao monoanjon, nastao deprotonacijom fenolneOH-grupe, za PLAG je osim ove, potvđena koordinacija u neutralnoj, zwitter-jonskoj, ali i dvostruko deprotonovanoj formi. Zwitter-jonska forma liganda nastaje migracijom atoma vodonika sa fenolnog hidroksila na piridinski atom azota PL-ostatka, dok deprotonacijom piridinskog ili hidrazinskog atoma azota, odnosno oba pomenuta atoma nastaju monoanjon i dianjon helatnog liganda, respektivno.   Na kraju, urađena su  i ispitivanja antimikrobne aktivnosti odabranih jedinjenjaprema predstavnicima grampozitivnih i gramnegativnih bakterija, kao i dve kulturekvasca. Tom prilikom nije utvrđena nikakva inhibitorna aktivnost   prema primenjenimbakterijskim sojevima, dok su u slučaju kvasaca izvesno mikrobicidno dejstvo pokazali samo kompleksi Cu(II).
This PhD thesis describes the syntheses of some new transition metal complexes with  pyridoxilidene-  (PLAG) and salicylideneaminoguanidine (SALAG). Obtained  complexes are characterized by   elemental analysis, IR  spectroscopy,  conductometric and magnetic measurements. Besides, the structural analysis of majority of the obtained complexes was performed. Some new forms of these Schiff  bases are synthesized in form of single crystals, which made their X-ray analysis as well as comparison with coordinated forms possible.With PLAG, 7 new Cu(II) complexes were obtained and for the first time mono and bis(ligand) complexes of Fe(III) and Co(III) as well  mono(ligand)  complexes  of V(V) were isolated. Furthermore,  the structure of Zn(II) complex in which PLAG in its monocationic form has a role of counter ion is presented. With the exception of one Cu(II) complex, all reported Cu(II) and V(V) complexes have a square-pyramidal geometry, whilst  Fe(III)  and Co(III)  are situated in octahedral surroundings. Also, five new complexes of Cu(II), Co(III), Ni(II) and V(V) with SALAG were synthesized. In both  Cu(II) complexes and V(V) complex the expected coordination mode and geometry were confirmed by X-ray analysis, while octahedral structure of bis(ligand) complexes with Co(III) and Ni(II) was proposed based on results of physico-chemical  characterization.Both PLAG and SALAG coordinate the metal ion in tridentate  ONN  manner, through the oxygen atom of deprotonated phenolic group and nitrogen atoms  of azomethine and imino groups of AG moiety. It is also emphasized that in two dimeric Cu(II) complexes with PLAG tetradentate coordination mode was found, in which the oxygen atom of hydroxymethyl group of PL residue was additionally involved. Unlike SALAG, which is coordinated as monoanion in all of the examined complexes, PLAG can have one of three degrees of deprotonation. Zwitter-ion of PLAG is formed by migration of H-atom from phenolic oxygen to pyridine nitrogen, while the deprotonation of pyridine or/and hydrazine nitrogen, makes it mono-and dianion, respectively.Also, microbiological tests on the selected compounds were preformed. Namely, antimicrobial activity of these compounds against some gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as some yeast cultures was examined and none of the samples showed antimicrobial activity against bacteria, whilst only Cu(II) complexes showed certain inhibitory effect against yeasts.
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
34

Bhat, Arjun (Arjun Devadas). "Bazaar [+] : addressing critical adjacencies in Mumbai's urban farm". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44286.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-101).
This thesis focuses on the city of Mumbai, and evolves the notion of how "critical adjacency" has been instrumental in guiding the city's urban transformations into modernity. Presently, Mumbai experiences some of the highest densities and land value Levels in the world, and the city still continues to grow. New development in the city often involves the displacement of slum dwellers to the periphery of the city, or further diffuses them into obscure interstices of the urban fabric. This thesis takes an ethical stance which calls for the reincorporation of these "slum publics" back into the fold of the central city by experimenting with manipuLations of adjacency and grain at the urban and architectural scale. The expectation of the thesis is that through tactical collisions of multiple socio-economic publics, new commercial development can serve both top down and bottom up modes of modernization.
Arjun Bhat.
S.M.
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
35

Khmeleva, Elena A. "El tríptico Tolstoyano de Doña Emilia Pardo Bazán". Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1242252787.

Pełny tekst źródła
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
36

Mediratta, Sangeeta. "Bazaars, cannibals, and sepoys : sensationalism and empire in nineteenth century Britain and the United States /". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3175284.

Pełny tekst źródła
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
37

Beau, Anne-Sophie. "Grand Bazar, modes d'emploi : les salarié-e-s d'un grand magasin lyonnais : 1886-1974". Lyon 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2001/beau_as.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
De 1886 à 1974, les principes sur lesquels repose la gestion de la main-d'œuvre au Grand Bazar restent identiques : le magasin recrute des salarié-e-s non-qualifié-e-s et leur offre des emplois précaires et une faible rémunération. Seul-e-s quelques chef-fe-s de service échappent à ce schéma. Si la traduction pratique de ces principes s'infléchit, au cours de la période, lorsque le droit du travail édicte de nouvelles règles (il impose progressivement des contrats moins précaires, oblige les employeuses et employeurs à respecter des barèmes de salaires, à limiter la durée du travail), elle demeure tendue vers la flexibilité de la grande majorité du personnel. La permanence d'un important turn-over tout au long de la période - la moitié des salarié-e-s embauché-e-s entre 1886 et 1974 ne reste pas plus de deux mois au magasin - en est le signe. Contrairement à ce qui est souvent affirmé, la précarité et la flexibilité des emplois ne sont pas nées, avec le temps partiel et les contrats à durée déterminée, dans les années 1970. Ces " modes d'emploi " (c'est-à-dire ces " manières d'employer les salarié-e-s ") ne sont ni " nouveaux ", ni " atypiques ". Ils ont toujours existé dans le grand commerce et la gestion de la main-d'œuvre qui est celle de grandes surfaces actuelles s'enracine profondément dans une pratique élaborée pendant une centaine d'années par les grands magasins. Ces politiques ont alors directement modelé les identités professionnelles des salarié-e-s. En faisant le choix de la flexibilité, les patron-ne-s de commerce s'obligent à recourir à un personnel toujours disponible sur le marché du travail et, par conséquent, non qualifié. Les parcours professionnels des salarié-e-s du Grand Bazar, du 19e siècle à 1974, ne sont pas ceux " d'employé-e-s de commerce ". Très instables, ils traversent successivement, voire simultanément, tous les secteurs de l'économie : l'industrie, le commerce, les services aux personnes et même les administrations
From 1886 to 1974, the principles of labour management in the " Grand Bazar " remained the same : the department store hired male and female unskilled employees, and provided them with a precarious job and a low salary. Only a few male and female departmental managers did not follow that pattern. Throughout those years, the practical results of these principles changed, as the labour laws progressively enacted new rules (the work contracts became less precarious, male and female employers were forced to respect salary scales and to limit the work hours). Yet the major trend was one of flexibility for the vast majority of the employees, as reveals the continuous and important turnover all along the years one half of the male and female employees who were hired between 1886 and 1974 did not spend more than two months in the store. Contrary to what is often claimed, job precariousness and flexibility were not born in the seventies, along with pert-time jobs and determined-length contracts. These employment forms are neither " new ", nor " unusual ". They have always existed in department stores, and today's labour management in stores is deeply rooted in a method which was worked out by department stores for about a hundred years. These policies thus directly shaped the professional identities of the male and female employees. By putting flexibility first, the male and female storeowners were bound to resort to constantly available, therefore unskilled employees. The professional course of the " Grand Bazar " male and female employees from the nineteenth century to 1974, was not of the regular kind. Their extremely unsteady course led them successively, if not simultaneously, to all the economic sectors : industry, trade, domestic service and even public offices
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
38

Budrevičius, Kęstutis. "CASE veiklos žinių bazės tvarkymo sistema". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2004. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2004~D_20040531_185528-86298.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
Now in most CASE tools the information collected during the stage of IS cycle analysis is not used to generate the models of the designing stage. Improving CASE systems it is offered to enlarge them with an activity knowledge basis, what becomes an additional source of information to generate project model. Activity knowledge model created in the department of data systems has been specified and activity setting system has been designed and realized during the work. System design has been conducted using programming appliances: Rational Rose Enterprise Edition 2002, Microsoft Visio Professional 2002. Use Case model generating algorithms has been created on the grounds of the activity basis. UCM models storage and software needed for its functioning have been worked out. CASE activity knowledge basis ordering system has been created on the grounds of the activity meta-model worked out in the department of data systems. Realized activity knowledge ordering system is used to extend traditional CASE systems functional possibilities. Realized CASE activity knowledge basis ordering system (Visual FoxPro 7.0) lets:  To input and adjust activity knowledge – activity elements described on the grounds of work model sequences activity procedures, activity functions, information flow, material flow and users;  To relate activity processes, activity functions, simulate their hierarchy structure;  To make accounts about the content of knowledge basis;  To generate users case... [to full text]
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
39

Hakas, Artūras. "Valstybinio žemės kadastro duomenų bazės reinžinerija". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2004. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2004~D_20040920_023716-88201.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
Currently there are many software systems for creating data bases widely used in the world. There were made an analysis of existing software and customer needs in this work. There were made an analysis of Object-oriented programing, CASE – computer aided system engeenering, Component modeling, MS Access. To understand business environment I created Business Interaction Model, Workflow models, Use Case Model. For this purpose I used ProVision Workbench package. I created data base project. I used MS Access XP because of its stability, multipurpose, potential, good working with Windows 9*, Windows 2000, Windows XP operational systems. There were made an User Interface, including forms , reports, queries.
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
40

Naujokaitis, Giedrius. "Verslo transakcijų atvaizdavimas duomenų bazės transakcijomis". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070111_134119-83975.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
Pragmatically motivated communicative action loop (CAL) is proposed for modeling business transactions and designing database transactions. Using parameters of the communicative action loops, activity model can be adapted to particular objective area. Selected parameters are utilizable in formation of database transactions that are oriented in modification of states of objects of activity. Performed database transactions are registered to query register in order to make a database rollback when business transactions are canceled. Database transactions are synchronized between two replicated databases.
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
41

Rimmer, Matthew Rhys. "The pirate bazaar the social life of copyright law". View electronic text, 2001. http://eprints.anu.edu.au/documents/disk0/00/00/08/14/index.html.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
Available via the Australian National University Library Electronic Pre and Post Print Repository. Title from title screen (viewed Mar. 28, 2003) Includes bibliographical references. Mode of access: World Wide Web.
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
42

Rimmer, Matthew. "The Pirate Bazaar: The Social Life of Copyright Law". Thesis, The Faculty of Law, The University of New South Wales, 2001. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/86581/1/fulltext.pdf.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
This thesis provides a cultural history of Australian copyright law and related artistic controversies. It examines a number of disputes over authorship, collaboration, and appropriation across a variety of cultural fields. It considers legal controversies over the plagiarism of texts, the defacing of paintings, the sampling of musical works, the ownership of plays, the co-operation between film-makers, the sharing of MP3 files on the Internet, and the appropriation of Indigenous culture. Such narratives and stories relate to a broad range of works and subject matter that are protected by copyright law. This study offers an archive of oral histories and narratives of artistic creators about copyright law. It is founded upon interviews with creative artists and activists who have been involved in copyright litigation and policy disputes. This dialogical research provides an insight into the material and social effects of copyright law. This thesis concludes that copyright law is not just a ‘creature of statute’, but it is also a social and imaginative construct. In the lived experience of the law, questions of aesthetics and ethics are extremely important. Industry agreements are quite influential. Contracts play an important part in the operation of copyright law. The media profile of personalities involved in litigation and policy debates is pertinent. This thesis claims that copyright law can be explained by a mix of social factors such as ethical standards, legal regulations, market forces, and computer code. It can also be understood in terms of the personal stories and narratives that people tell about litigation and copyright law reform. Table of Contents Prologue 1 Introduction A Creature of Statute: Copyright Law and Legal Formalism 6 Chapter One The Demidenko Affair: Copyright Law and Literary Works 33 Chapter Two Daubism: Copyright Law and Artistic Works 67 Chapter Three The ABCs of Anarchism: Copyright Law and Musical Works 105 Chapter Four Heretic: Copyright Law and Dramatic Works 146 Chapter Five Shine: Copyright Law and Film 186 Chapter Six Napster: Infinite Digital Jukebox or Pirate Bazaar? Copyright Law and Digital Works 232 Chapter Seven Bangarra Dance Theatre: Copyright Law and Indigenous Culture 275 Chapter Eight The Cathedral and the Bazaar: The Future of Copyright Law 319
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
43

Bertazzo, Mariachiara <1994&gt. "Harper's Bazaar's Representation of American Style in the 1950s". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/13964.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
"Harper’s Bazaar’s Representation of American Style in the 1950s.” This is the title of my thesis, and it perfectly summarizes its content. Harper’s Bazaar – the oldest of all American fashion magazines acts as a “Repository of Fashion, Pleasure and Instruction” as the cover of the first issue dated November 2, 1867, reports. To our reading, though, its importance also lies on the fact that it acts as a significant key to understand the audience it was addressed to. In Harper’s Bazaar’, therefore, ‘style’ does not only imply concern for fashion or elegance: it also deals with people’s bearing, manners and habits, thus influencing the private sphere of its readers. As a consequence my thesis stems from some considerations on the origin of the magazine and its development, moving to the presentation of its most prominent personalities, to focus the attention on its relevance during the 1950’. – The analysis is based on the studies of some of the most noticiable semiologists and sociologists who debated the phenomenon of fashion and its intrinsic relation to the social system: Harper’s Bazaar as refined literature, Harper’s Bazaar as language: Harper’s Bazaar as a very powerful cultural key to get a glimpse of women’s reality in the middle of the Twentieth Century.
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
44

El, Chab Marwa. "L'économie de bazar en Afrique de l'Ouest : les entrepreneurs libanais à Abidjan, Dakar et Ouagadougou". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0018.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
Cette thèse est une étude approfondie de l’éthos entrepreneurial d’une minorité ethnique en Afrique de l’Ouest. Nous explorons le sens des catégories « minorité » et « ethnicité » à l’ère postcoloniale au travers des communautés libanaises d’Abidjan, de Dakar et de Ouagadougou et nous analysons leurs corrélations avec les comportements économiques de ces individus. L’objectif est d’élucider le mécanisme de construction de la bourgeoisie d’affaires transnationale en Afrique de l’Ouest.Nous verrons, dans un premier temps, comment les Libanais ont réussi à s’insérer au cœur de l’économie de bazar en Afrique de l’Ouest. Leur force réside dans leur maitrise des termes de l’échange dans cette organisation du marché où les relations clientélistes et le face à face priment sur le simple échange marchand. Nous nous attarderons, dans un deuxième temps, sur les logiques entrepreneuriales déterritorialisées des Libanais, qui s’affranchissent du local et du national en puisant dans la force de leurs liens intercommunautaires à l’échelle de la région. Ils peuvent ainsi tirer profit des écarts économiques entre les différentes nations africaines et relocaliser sans difficulté, en fonction des conjonctures économiques, sociales et politiques.Enfin, nous verrons comment cette organisation se traduit dans le domaine anthropologique. En effet, afin de préserver leurs avantages financiers dans les structures des marchés économiques ouest-africains, les Libanais recourent à la réaffirmation de la frontière ethnique, et surtout à la reproduction des classes sociales au sein même du groupe. Cette thèse s’inscrit ainsi dans la continuité des études conduites auparavant sur la présence libanaise en Afrique de l’Ouest, et met en avant la disparité interne du groupe. Toutefois, notre approche nous permet de mettre également en lumière la cristallisation des codes socioéconomiques des communautés libanaises. Jusqu’à ce jour, les entrepreneurs libanais ancrés dans l’économie de bazar d’Afrique de l’Ouest ont fait preuve de résilience et d’adaptabilité face aux circonstances changeantes de ce siècle. C’est grâce aux liens entre les différentes communautés libanaises et aux frontières ethniques et de classe, que se construit une bourgeoisie transnationale en Afrique de l’Ouest
This thesis is a comprehensive study of an ethnic minority’s entrepreneurial ethos in West Africa. We explore the “minority” and “ethnicity” categories and their meaning in the postcolonial era through the Lebanese communities of Abidjan, Dakar and Ouagadougou and analyze their correlations with the economic behavior of these individuals. The aim here is to elucidate the construction of a transnational business “bourgeoisie” in West Africa.First, we will see how the Lebanese managed to integrate the bazaar economy in West Africa. Their strength lies in their mastership of the terms of trade in this market organization, where clientele relations and face-to-face encounters take precedence over mere market exchange.Secondly, we will focus on the de-territoriality approach of the Lebanese entrepreneurs, free from the local and the national frame, drawing on the strength of their intercommunity ties across the region. They can thus take advantage of the economic gap existing between the different African nations and they can easily relocate according to the economic, social and political conditions.Finally, we will see how this economic organization translates into anthropological matter. Indeed, in order for the Lebanese to preserve their financial advantages on the West African economic markets, they reassert their ethnic boundary with other populations, but more importantly, they reproduce social class boundaries within the group itself. This thesis is thus building on studies previously conducted on the Lebanese in West Africa, emphasizing the internal heterogeneity of the group. Our approach, however, allows us to highlight the crystallization of the socio-economic codes in Lebanese communities. Lebanese entrepreneurs rooted in the West African Bazaar economy have been able to demonstrate resilience and adaptability to all circumstances throughout the years. It is through the ties connecting these individuals to different Lebanese collectivities in the area and the ethnic and class boundaries which safeguard these ties that a transnational business “bourgeoisie” is emerging in West Africa today
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
45

Choi, Daehee. "Politik und Philosophie bei Vladimir A. Bazarov : sein Begriff des Kollektivismus als Konzept der Sozial- und Kulturrevolution /". Regensburg : Roderer, 2000. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sub-hamburg/316271217.pdf.

Pełny tekst źródła
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
46

麥慧敏 i Wai-man Stephanie Mak. "Chinese arts and craft complex in Ladder Street, Sheung Wan". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31986699.

Pełny tekst źródła
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
47

Mohaine, Abdelkader. "Les souks et l'organisation de l'espace régional dans le Souss (Maroc)". Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01063138.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
LE PHENOMENE SOUKIER EST FORT ANCIEN DANS LE SOUSS. LA PERIODE COLONIALE A TRES PEU AFFECTE LE RESEAU SOUKIER SOUSSI MAIS ELLE L'A MARQUE PAR LE DESEQUILIBRE QU'ELLE Y A INTRODUIT. LES AUTORITES DU MAROC INDEPENDANT ONT CONTINUE DANS LA MEME DIRECTION. SUR LE PLAN GEOGRAPHIQUE, LES SOUKS SOUSSIS SONT INEGALEMENT REPARTIS ET SONT GENERALEMENT DE PETITE TAILLE. LE SECTEUR DE L'ALIMENTATION PREDOMINE ET LA FONCTION D'APPROVISIONNEMENT DES SOUKS SOUSSIS DEMEURE IMPORTANTE. LE COMMERCE SOUKIER D'UNE PART ET LE COMMERCE RURAL FIXE PERMANENT ET LES CENTRES COMMERCIAUX FIXES ET ADMINISTRATIFS D'AUTRE PART SONT COMPLEMENTAIRES. CETTE ETUDE A FAIT RESSORTIR UNE OPPOSITION DE DEUX ESPACES : LES PLAINES DYNAMIQUES S'OPPOSENT AUX MONTAGNES VIVANT DANS UNE CERTAINE LANGUEUR. SUR LE PLAN ORGANISATIONNEL, LE SOUSS JOUIT D'UNE ARCHITECTURE ASSEZ COMPLETE DES SOUKS MAIS ELLE EST MAL REPARTIE. AUSSI LE RESEAU URBAIN SOUSSI EST BIEN HIERARCHISE, MAIS LES INFLUENCES URBAINES EXTERNES AU SOUSS SONT PARTOUT PRESENTES. LES AIRES D'INFLUENCE DES SOUKS ET DES CENTRES URBAINS SOUSSIS SONT CEPENDANT PARTOUT CONQUERANTES. LES HIATUS COMMERCIAUX (LES MONTAGNES ET LE DIR NOTAMMENT) SONT DE PLUS EN PLUS DESENCLAVES. DE FAIT, LE SOUSS EST UNE JUXTAPOSITION DE PLUSIEURS ZONES COMMERCIALEMENT DEPENDANTES ET DIFFEREMMENT STRUCTUREES. IL EST PAR CONSEQUENT ENCORE LOIN D'ETRE UNE REGION COMMERCIALE HOMOGENE. TOUT AU PLUS CONSTITUE T-IL UN "TERRITOIRE" EN VOIE DE FORMATION.
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
48

Lukoševičius, Kęstutis. "Grafinės duomenų bazės blokų atributų valdymo sistema". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20050112_174437-60045.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
In the recent two years the analysis of principal and connective circuitry drawings proved that the principal and connective circuitries of very complicated projects are kept in a single file. Therefore, traditional specialized automated design system are not able to build and draw hybrid circuitries with the fragments of electromechanically networks together with the display of sensors and processors. The number of elements in such project files may reach from a few hundred until a few thousand. As this number is so high, the standard AutoCAD means do not quite fulfill the designers’ needs of working with blocks and their attributes. In this way they choose automated means that do not limit their abilities in preparing technical, assembly and tuning documentation, necessary for the completion of the projects. Therefore, based on the master’s paper, in order to fulfill the aforementioned needs, the building of the graphical data base block attribute system management system has been completed. The objective of the paper is the attributes and management of the graphical data base blocks. The purpose of the paper is to create a system of the graphical database attribute management and the means of using it. The purpose is defined by the following tasks: graphic data bases are analyzed; also the graphical data base blocks, their attributes, constituent parts and their management; the means of using the system in the medium of Auto CAD; based on the master’s paper the system of... [to full text]
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
49

Gručkiūnienė, Lina. "Pollux duomenų bazės žvaigždžių energijos kreivių tyrimas". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120801_133148-17876.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
Šiame darbe buvo palygintos tarpusavyje įvairių spektrinių ir šviesio klasių žvaigždžių energijos kreivės, suskaičiuotos iš žvaigždžių atmosferų modelių (Pollux žvaigždžių spektrų duomenų bazė), su stebėtomis žvaigždžių energijos kreivėmis (Straižys (1996), Straižys ir Sviderskienė (1972) ). Buvo patikrintas modelių energijos kreivių atitikimas realių žvaigždžių energijos pasiskirstymui spektre. Atlikti stebėjimai ir skaičiavimai UBVRI ir 2MASS fotometrinėse sistemose. Atidėtos spalvos rodiklių U-B, B-V, V- I ir V- R priklausomybės nuo efektinių temperatūrų, kurios paimtos iš 14 -15, 22- 24 lentelių (Straižys, 1992, 248-249 psl., 310-312 psl.) Atlikus darbo analizę galima padaryti tokias išvadas: 1.Energijos kreivių palyginimai parodė, kad atmosferų modeliai atitinka realių žvaigždžių energijos pasiskirstymą spektre ne visų spektrinių ir šviesio klasių žvaigždėms. Iš modeliuotų ir stebėtų energijos kreivių palyginimų matyti, kad nykštukių teorinės energijos kreivės geriau sutampa su stebėtomis energijos kreivėmis negu milžinių, submilžinių ir supermilžinių. 2. Spalvos rodiklių skirtumai yra didesni III, IV ir I šviesio klasės žvaigždėms. Galimos skirtumų priežastys yra: (a) Pollux bazės kreivių astrofizikiniai parametrai Tef ir log g yra artimi realių žvaigždžių Tef ir log g, bet tiksliai nesutampa su realių žvaigždžių astrofizikiniais parametrais. (b) nagrinėtų III, IV ir I šviesio klasių žvaigždžių, kurių yra Tef žemesnės ir log g vertės mažesnės, modeliuose nepakankamai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
The flux distribution curves of synthetic spectra for the Pollux Database of Stellar Spectra are compared with observed flux distribution curves of stars of various spectral and luminosity classes and solar metallicities. The observed flux distributions were taken from Straižys and Sviderskienė (1972) modified by Straižys (1996). The Pollux spectra were binned into 5nm intervals. Only the wavelength range from 300 nm to 900nm was considered. Using the spectral analysis tool VOSpec, the synthetic color indices for the UBVRI and 2MASS photometric systems were calculated. The Pollux flux distribution curves and the response curves of the appropriate photometric systems were used. The synthetic color indices were compared with the observed mean intrinsic color indices. The analysis of information shows that the synthetic spectra from the Pollux database give quite good approximation to investigated real stars of luminosity class V. The stars of luminosity classes III, IV and I show larger differences between the Pollux and the observed flux distribution curves. The differences between the synthetic color indices, calculated from Pollux flux distribution curves using the VoSpec tool, and the mean observed color indices are smaller for stars of luminosity class V. The larger differences were found for the investigated stars of luminosity classes III, IV and I. The reason could be that not all of the absorption bands of molecules were included into the models of stellar atmospheres... [to full text]
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
50

Jurkšaitytė, Alina. "Lietuvos mokestinės bazės pokyčių įtaka verslo plėtrai". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20140626_183341-40102.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
Kiekvienos valstybės pagrindinių funkcijų vykdymą užtikrina tinkama mokesčių sistema. Sukurti tokią mokesčių sistemą, kuria būtų patenkinti mokėtojai bei valstybės biudžeto vartotojai, yra kiekvienos valstybės makroekonomikos uždavinys. Skirtingi mokslininkai, ekonomistai, politinės partijos ir politinės ideologijos mato skirtingus tam tikrų mokesčių privalumus ir trūkumus. Tad valstybėje sukurti teisingą mokesčių sistemą yra sudėtingas uždavinys, kuris nuolat sprendžiamas daugelyje pasaulio šalių. Šio darbo pagrindinis tikslas išanalizuoti Lietuvos mokestinės bazės įtaka verslui. Darbe aptariama mokesčių sistemos samprata, nagrinėjamos pagrindinės mokesčių teorijos, funkcijos bei mokesčių elementai. Analizuojama pasaulyje bei Lietuvoje atlikti tyrimai mokesčių srityje. Nagrinėjama Lietuvos mokesčių sistema, 2009 m. pradžioje diegiama mokesčių reforma bei jos įtaka Lietuvos verslo plėtros galimybėms. Analizuojama Lietuvos BVP ir biudžeto mokestinių pajamų santykis bei tarpusavio priklausomybė. Atlikus mokesčių įtakos verslo plėtrai tyrimą, daromos išvados, kad Lietuvos mokesčių sistema nesudaro tinkamų sąlygų verslo plėtros galimybėms bei, kad 2009 m. pradžioje įgyvendinta mokesčių reforma turi neigiamą įtaką Lietuvos verslui ir visai šalies ekonomikai. Atlikti tyrimai rodo, kad ne tik verslo atstovai išsako neigiamą nuomonę apie mokesčių reformą. Neigiami šalies ekonomikos rodikliai taip pat rodo blogėjančią šalies verslo padėtį ir sunkėjančias galimybes verslo plėtrai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
The proper tax system secures the implementation of main functions in each country. Each State has a macroeconomic task to create such a system that would satisfy the payers and users of State’s budget. Different scientists, economists, political parties and political ideologies see different advantages and disadvantages of certain taxes. Thus it is a difficult task to create the right tax system in the State, and it is being constantly solved in many world countries. The main purpose of this work is to analyze the influence of Lithuanian tax basis on business. The work discusses the concept of tax system, analyzes main tax theories, functions and elements of taxes. The researches that have been doe in the world and in Lithuania in the area of taxes are being analyzed. The Lithuanian tax system, the tax reform implanted in the beginning of the year 2009 and its influence on the possibilities of development of Lithuanian business are analyzed. Besides, the connection between the Lithuanian GDP and budgetary tax returns and their interdependency are analyzed. After the research on the influence of taxes on the business development have been done, the conclusions are made that the Lithuanian tax system does not create proper conditions for the possibilities of business development and that the tax reform implanted in the beginning of the year 2009 has negative impact on the Lithuanian business and entire national economics. According to the done researches, the business... [to full text]
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
Możesz być także zainteresowany bibliografiami na temat „Bazars” dla innych typów źródeł:
Artykuły w czasopismach Książki
Oferujemy zniżki na wszystkie plany premium dla autorów, których prace zostały uwzględnione w tematycznych zestawieniach literatury. Skontaktuj się z nami, aby uzyskać unikalny kod promocyjny!

Do bibliografii