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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Bashir Folk literature"
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Khubbitdinova, N. A. "Reminiscence of Bashkir proverbs in the Yusuf Balasagunsky’s poem “Kutadgu bilik”". Issues of National Literature, nr 2 (29.06.2023): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.25587/litteraesvfu.2023.16.15.005.
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Proverbs and sayings are those genres of oral folk art that are always in demand and popular in fiction. The relevance of the article consists in an attempt to reveal the peculiar reminiscences of Bashkir folk proverbs and sayings in the poem "Kutadgu bilik" ("Blessed Knowledge") by Yusuf Balasagunsky, where they serve the ideological, aesthetic, artistic enrichment of the plot, strengthening the imagery of the language and style of narration. The purpose of the article is to identify and consider Bashkir folk proverbs and sayings – makel and eytem, the reminiscence of which can be traced in the mentioned work of the medieval author. Proverbs and sayings enhance the imagery of the poet's language, its poetic coloring and sound, demonstrate the author's skill in eloquence and wordplay. Such traditional methods of representation are a characteristic feature of eastern poetry, samples of which have reached the Ural-Volga region, enriching the local Turkic literature. In this sense, the poetic language of Yusef Balasagunsky was also close to the Bashkirs with his reminiscence of traditional proverbs and sayings.The article concludes that once expressed wise thoughts, based on life experience, natural phenomena and the surrounding world, are repeated, passed from mouth to mouth, begin to be represented as generalizing short phrases. In Bashkir folk art, the traditional poetic genre of tulgau consisted of proverbs and sayings, which could later spread as independent aphoristic genres. At the same time, the meaning of what has been said is steadily preserved. In aphoristic, figurative statements Yusef Balasagunsky reveals common and similar to Bashkir folklore proverbs and sayings, reminiscences on them. In the future (perhaps in the form of an academic grant) it would be interesting to identify the reminiscences of proverbs and sayings of other Turkic peoples, to whom the poem by Balasagunsky is relatable and is part of their cultural heritage.
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Rakhmatullina, Zugura Ya. "ETNOCULTURAL HISTORY AND MODERN MEASURING OF THE ORDER OF THE BADGE OF HONOUR INSTITUTE OF HISTORY, LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE OF THE UFRC RAS: FROM BASHKIR ACADEMIC CENTER TO FEDERAL INSTITUTE". Proceedings of the UFRC RAS. Series: History. Philology. Culture 1, nr 1 (marzec 2024): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31833/sifk/2024.1.1.001.
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The Institute of History, Language and Literature of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences is a federal academic institution with a humanitarian profile, the key research area of which is comprehensive Bashkir studies. The Institute, which celebrated its centenary in 2022, has gone a long way from the Society for the Study of Bashkiria at the Academic Center of the People’s Commissariat of Education of Bashkiria, which united ascetic researchers, to the authoritative scientific center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The institution has made and continues to make an invaluable contribution to the study of the archaeology, ancient and modern history, and material and spiritual culture of the multinational region. The Bashkir people, one of the many ethnic groups in the Russian Federation, are the focus of this work. The team’s contributions, which have been recognized in the scientific community of Russia and beyond, not only have a scientific value but also have applied and practical significance. These contributions demonstrate the researchers’ ability to solve problems that face modern humanitarian science, in a qualitative manner. His century-old scientific biography and ethnocultural history include significant archaeological discoveries, fundamental monographic and collective research, scientific collections, multi-volume collections of the Bashkir folk art, anthologies of the Bashkir literature, numerous linguistic and encyclopedic dictionaries that incorporated creative ideas, thoughts, achievements of several generations of scientists (M.A. Burangulov, T.H. Akhmadiev, N.V. Bikbulatov, I.M. Gvozdikova, R.G. Kuzeev, H.F. Usmanov, M.V. Murzabulatov, S.N. Shitova, N.A. Mazhitov, A.H. Pshenichnyuk, N.H. Maksyutova, S.F. Mirzhanova, Z.G. Uraksin, F.G. Khisamitdinova, A.I. Kharisov, G.B. Khusainov, N.T. Zaripov, A.M. Suleymanov, F.A. Nadrshina, etc.). From the study of archaeology in the Southern Urals region and its ancient history and culture, to understanding modern socio-cultural processes and modern history in Bashkiria, anthropology, ethnography, and the Bashkir language research, computational linguistics, dialectology, folk art, literary studies, archeography, and the study of written and printed materials – these are the main research areas of the Institute’s scientists.
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Хуббитдинова, Нэркэс Ахметовна. "Bashkir Folk Epos in the Artistic Interpretation in the Russian Literature of the XIX century: Culturological Aspect". Philology & Human, nr 3 (2018): 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/filichel(2018)3-12.
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Salikhov, Akhat G., i Gulnaz M. Gizzatullina. "Некоторые религиозные термины, хадисы и аяты в башкирских мунаджатах". Oriental studies 14, nr 4 (12.12.2021): 858–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2021-56-4-858-867.
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Introduction. In the oral popular art and written literary monuments of the Bashkir people, there is a special musical-poetic genre of the lyric-epic and religious character, which is called munajat. This article aims to analyze some of the ayats, hadiths, and religious terms used in the Bashkir munajats. Materials and methods. Samples of religious poetry borrowed from a thematic volume of the Bashkir folk art compendium were used as the main source of the research data. Over 1,500 examples have been identified, some of which are used in this article. A systematic and comparative analysis and a historical-typological research method were employed for the analysis of the material. Results. Many Bashkir scholars were among the students of the munajats. In their works, they often focused on the main features of the genre, such as religious motifs, plots, and appeals to Allah that they contain. Since early 1990s, the munajats have been experiencing a rebirth: old versions have returned to become popular again; also, new types, composed by our contemporaries, have emerged, and spread in various regions. The study resulted in identifying over one and a half thousand examples containing Muslim terms, ayats, and hadiths; some of them have been included in this article. Conclusions. The present study shows the peculiarities of the use of religious subjects, terms, and motifs in the Bashkir munajats. Some words and phrases were changed to adapt to the popular usage, while preserving the Arabic cliché. In its turn, the use of religious vocabulary enriched the Bashkir language and literature.
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Khakimyanova, Aigul M. "Cовременное состояние песенного фольклора башкир (по экспедиционным материалам XXI в.)". Oriental Studies 14, nr 2 (20.07.2021): 409–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2021-54-2-409-419.
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Introduction. At present, people’s interest in the historical and ethnocultural heritage has increased, and the desire to preserve traditional values for future generations has grown stronger. Song recordings made in the 19th – 20th centuries are evidence of the developed musical and song tradition of the Bashkir people. Due to the collecting efforts of M. A. Burangulov, A. N. Kireev, S. A. Galin, N. D. Shunkarov and others, a whole layer of folk songs has been preserved. During expeditions that have been intensified since the beginning of the 21st century by the Institute of History, Language and Literature of the Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, folklorists are working hard to multifacetedly cataloguize folk knowledge, on the basis of which one can judge the state of traditional modern folklore of the Bashkirs. In our understanding, ‘modern folklore’ is folklore that has existed since the middle of the 20th century to the present, regardless of the environment of existence. Goals. This work aims to consider the genres of traditional musical folklore of the Bashkirs that have survived today, to give a brief description of them, and also to analyze them from the viewpoint of assessing the modern spiritual state of the ethnos. Unlike other genres, musical genres are well preserved in the memory of the population. It is the song and takmaks that are the main genres of modern Bashkir oral and poetic creativity, which makes it possible to reveal the dynamics of the development of folklore. Materials and Methods. The research is based on the author’s expedition materials collected in the 21st century in different regions of the Republic of Bashkortostan and beyond, where the Bashkirs live compactly. They retain collective axiological attitudes and serve as a way of expressing shared emotions. These genres have a high level of demand among the population and therefore quantitatively prevail in expedition records. Folk songs are kept in the memory of people — bearers of folk musical culture, and are not recorded by them in writing. The transmission of musical and folklore works occurs orally. This means that any folk song is perceived and absorbed by each new generation by ear directly at the moment of sounding. Occasionally, songs can be recorded along with their stories and legends. The availability of songwriting histories is a characteristic feature of Bashkir folk songs. Many songs lose their names over time, but they do not completely disappear from the memory of the people, as evidenced by the comments of informants characterizing these works in expressions, such as ‘my mother’s song’, ‘this song was performed by my father’, etc. This phenomenon reflects the strong cultural connection between generations, when performers with special trepidation cherish the memory of their relatives and can reproduce the tune once performed by their father or mother. Along with drawling songs, short four-line songs without a title, drinking songs and takmaks are also common. Takmaks, in turn, are distributed not only orally but also in writing. Modern takmaks are distinguished by great mobility and efficiency, they instantly respond to urgent problems. In the light of recent events, takmaks have appeared on the topic of a pandemic, self-isolation, and online training. Results. A review of folklore materials collected in recent decades shows that the musical genres of Bashkir folklore continue to exist, which means that it is necessary to study not only the current state of the Bashkir song heritage but also its evolution. The folk song, folk singing traditions must be passed on to the younger generation, and only then the folk culture will develop and be preserved for future generations.
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Khisamitdinova, Firdaus G. "Folk terminology of mythologized characters of the group “craftsmen-professionals” in the dialects of the Bashkir language". Sibirskiy filologicheskiy zhurnal, nr 4 (2022): 243–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18137083/81/19.
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This paper describes the folk terminology of a group of “knowledgeable people” called “craftsmen-professionals.” The main, widespread, and dialect terms referring to the mythologized characters “craftsmen-professionals” are identified using dictionaries, folklore and art works, and the field materials of the author. In the Bashkir language, the generalizing term for “craftsmen-professionals” is the word оҫта (craftsman). In addition, the words һөнәрсе / һөнәрмән (artisan, master), кәсепсе (a person engaged in some kind of craft) are used. Much attention is paid to the characteristics of the terms related to specific characters of the group “craftsmen-professionals” and their names. It has been established that such specialists as кендек инәһе, кендекәй, кендек-ҡарсыҡ, абызәней (a midwife); бабаҡарт, сөннәтсе, бабасы (a baba, a specialist in circumcision of boys); тимерсе (a blacksmith); һунарсы, аусы, аңсы, жәннекше, балыҡсы (a hunter); көтөүсе, йылҡысы, ҡуйсы (a shepherd); ҡурайсы, думбырасы, ҡобайырсы, һармаҡсы, толғаусы, йырсы (musicians) belong to this group of “knowledgeable people.” The author provides the literary and dialect names of the characters concerned, the verbs, the epithets related to the characters of “craftsmen-professionals,” the parallels with other Turkic and non-Turkic languages, folklore and mythologies. The description of terms is complemented by ethnographic data. The analysis of the vocabulary has shown that the terminology associated with the оҫталар group (masters, craftsmen) is mostly of common Turkic origin, with a significant layer of terms of a common Kypchak origin and later terminology having a borrowed character.
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Karimova, Gulnaz R. "Табу и эвфемизмы, связанные с рождением ребенка, в башкирском языке". Oriental Studies 13, nr 6 (30.12.2020): 1667–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2020-52-6-1667-1676.
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Introduction. This article examines the use of taboos and euphemisms in birth-related vocabulary of the Bashkir language. Goals. The paper reveals both linguistic facts and those of traditional ritual culture, ethnic worldviews. The Bashkir birth-related taboo vocabulary has not been a subject of special research yet. Materials and Methods. Actual meanings of lexemes were identified through the use of author’s field materials collected during comprehensive expeditions (2004 to 2008), lexical and phraseological data from dictionaries of the Bashkir and other Turkic languages, dialectal materials stored by the Institute of History, Language and Literature (Ufa Federal Research Centre of the RAS). The work employs a number of linguistic research methods, such as the ethnolinguistic and comparative-descriptive ones, component analysis method, and that of lexicographic selection. Results. As is known, this group of words is mainly tabooed in the Bashkir language. The vocabulary associated with birth rites is sacred and reflects a complex set of ideas about a pregnant woman. Ritual actions, magical prohibitions are aimed at protecting the health of women and at the birth of a healthy offspring. In this case, the vocabulary denoting a childless woman, a pregnant woman and the concepts of ‘childbirth’ and ‘obstetric aid’ were tabooed. The paper clarifies that the concepts associated with birth rites in the Bashkir language are expressed by euphemisms to protect the mother and child from evil spirits and the evil eye. The author has recorded a large number of euphemisms denoting a pregnant woman (auyrly, auyrғakalyu, auyrayҡly, auyry bar, auyrkүtүreә, auyrlau, yөklө, etc), a childless woman (balakүrmәgәn, biҙәү, tүlһeҙ, ҡyҫır, irғoraҡ and others), and those denoting the concept of ‘childbirth’ (bala tabyu, kureneү, bәpeslәү, bәpәilәү, ҡotolou, bushanyu, donyaғa keileү, etc.). Taboos and euphemisms of birth rites play an important role in the development of the vocabulary of the Bashkir language. The available materials on this topic require further systematization with the involvement of linguistic analysis. Over time, many archaisms disappeared from the modern vocabulary, while others have been used only in certain dialects of the Bashkirs. Almost all euphemistic vocabulary is represented by word combinations from common Turkic lexemes used in figurative meanings. The latter reflect the ethnic ritual traditions, good manners, politeness, observance of the rules of decency ― rules of ethics. They represent the speech etiquette and identity of the Bashkir people, being a valuable linguistic and cultural source for the study of the traditional folk beliefs of the Bashkirs.
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Railevna, Valieva Madina. "Dialect names of dishes dating back to the Altai era". Turkic Studies Journal 4, nr 2 (2022): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2664-5157-2022-2-35-47.
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This article discusses the Altai layer of names of dishes in the etymological aspect. The established volume of the article does not allow to analyze all the names of household vessels of 47М.Р. Валиева Turkic Studies Journal 2 (2022) 35-47the Bashkir language dating back to the Altaic era, therefore, polysemantic lexemes were chosen – ыҙыс/ыҙас ‘dishes’, күнәк ‘milk pail; bucket’, ҡупы ‘small bowl; bowl’, ҡap ‘bag, sack (matting); box, container, receptacle, case; cup, vessel; pod, shell, coating, rind, skin, scales (of reptiles); placenta’ and other cognates that refer to this ancient lexical stratum of the Turkic languages. Comparative historical studies, lexico-semantic, semantic-structural and etymological analyzes of the names of containers make it possible to discover ancient roots and foundations dating back to the reconstructed Altai forms, which are contained in the well-known dictionary of S.A. Starostin, A.V. Dybo, O.A. Mudrak «An Etymological Dictionary of Altaic Languages». Structurally, many household terms consist of monosyllabic and disyllabic roots. The Bashkir layer itself was formed on the basis of the ancient Turkic vocabulary, phonetic transitions, changes and derivational potential of the Bashkir language. Research on the original forms and etymons of modern names of dishes ыҙыс/ыҙас, күнәк, ҡупы, ҡапmade it possible to establish a chronological connection between the ancient Turkic, Proto-Turkic, Altai forms: ыҙыс < *ïðïš < *ēdiĺ ‘ware’; kүnәk < *kȫjnek ‘bucket, vessel’ < *k ̔ōńi – ‘ladle’; ҡap // ҡab(ы) // ҡуп(ы) < *qav, *kab and the Proto-Altaic form *k ̔àp ̔à in the meanings ‘box, package, chest, bag, vessel, dugout hollow tree, dugout boat’.Also the article pays special attention to the description of various areal and dialect semantics, everyday functions and forms of vessel names, which are recorded and stored in the card stock of the Linguistics Department of the Order of the Badge of Honor of the Institute of History, Language and Literature of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and are also presented in the consolidated «Dialectological Dictionary of the Bashkir Language» (see lit.). In addition, various dictionaries of the Turkic, Mongolian and Finno-Ugric languages, various dialectological studies, reports, scientific works on ethnography, folklore and multi-volume books of Bashkir folk art were used as comparative material.
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Ilimbetova, Azaliya F. "Лиса в фольклоре и религиозно-магической практике башкир". Oriental Studies 13, nr 4 (25.12.2020): 951–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2020-50-4-951-960.
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Introduction. The article analyzes vestiges of the fox cult among Bashkirs. The animal used to be a most revered one in religious and mystical beliefs of the nation. Goals. The work seeks to study the fox cult in all its manifestations in everyday life and economic activities on the basis of folklore, ethnographic and other materials. The main sources involved are ethnographic, folklore, linguistic publications, as well as the author’s field data. Methods. The research rests on theoretical, retrospective and comparative historical analyses of the mentioned sources. Results. The study is first to analyze various data on the fox cult among Bashkirs, which makes it possible to reconstruct some aspects of Bashkir ethnic history and is also instrumental in identifying the historical and genetic roots of ethnic spiritual culture. The paper employs new folklore and ethnographic materials, and introduces them into scientific discourse. Conclusions. The traditional ethnic worldview contains the idea of kinship and identity between Bashkirs and the fox; the former proclaims a possibility of mutual reincarnation and somewhat absence of any fundamental difference between the latter ― all this to constitute the essence of the ancient man’s ideas about his place in the world. Folklore and rituals maintain vestiges of faith that individual clan groups are descended from the fox. When viewed as a totemic ancestor, the fox takes on the roles of a patroness, protector, adviser and helper of people that gives health, prosperity and family happiness. Bashkir oral literature contains materials that recognize the fox as a zoomorphic deity, the mistress of nature and personification of the sun. In everyday traditions and folk choreography, there are traces of a totemic ritual of honoring the fox as a totem and totemic ancestor. Being a sacred creature, the fox was a tabooed animal in customs and beliefs of the Bashkirs.
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Султангареева, Р. А. "BASHKIR EPIC "IDUKAI AND MURADYM" AS THE RELAYING OF THE MYTHOLOGICAL IMAGE OF SACRED COUNTRY IL". SCIENTIFIC REVIEW OF SAYANO-ALTAI, nr 2(30) (13.01.2022): 2–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.52782/kril.2021.2.30.001.
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В настоящий период активации современных реформаций, социополитических перемен изучение историзма и исторического, патриотического мотивов в эпических полотнах особо актуально, ибо именно эпическое творчество содержит критические и глубоко философские обобщения событий не только древности, но и обозримого прошлого. Сложение событий 14 - 15 в в. в эпическое произведение «Идукай и Мурадым» завершилось мудрыми сэсэнами к 15 - 16 в в., отображая события периода активных волнений, связанных с расхищением башкирских земель, защитой родного народа. Эпос совершенствуется на этом фоне, являясь не столько историко - эпическим переложением трагических событий эпохи Золотой Орды, сколько произведением народной словесности, в котором глубоко и ярко обобщены чаяния и идеалы народа об отважных батырах - защитниках, об истинной свободе Духа и независимости, великой силе любви к родине - Иль и родной земле. В эпосе исторического характера особо ярко отмечена трансформация архетипа богини земли, потустороннего мира - Хель на выразительный, пронизывающий весь текст священный образ Иль (страны). In the present period of the activation of modern reforms, sociopolitical changes, the study of historicism and historical and patriotic motifs in epic paintings is especially important, for it is epic creativity that contains critical and deeply philosophical generalizations of events not only of antiquity but also of the foreseeable past. Addition of events 14th - 15th centuries. in the epic work "Idukai and Muradym" was completed by wise sesans to the 16th-17th centuries, reflecting the events of the period of active unrest connected with the plundering of Bashkir lands, the protection of the native people. The epic is improved on this background, being not so much the historical and epic interpretation of the tragic events of the Golden Horde as a product of folk literature, in which the people's aspirations and ideals about courageous defenders, the true freedom of the Spirit and independence, the great power of love to the homeland - ll and his native land. In the epic of a historical nature, the transformation of the archetype of the goddess of the earth, the other world - Khel to the expressive, sacred image of the ll (country), which permeates the entire text, is especially marked.
Książki na temat "Bashir Folk literature"
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Galin, Salauat. Tel asqysy khalyqta: Bashqort folʹqlory : an͡g︡latmaly ḣu̇t͡h︡lek : uqyu qullanmaḣy. Ȯfȯ: "Kitap", 1993.
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Ilimbetova, A. F. Kulʹt zhivotnykh v miforitualʹnoĭ tradit︠s︡ii bashkir. Ufa: Institut istorii, i︠a︡zyka i literatury UNT︠S︡ RAN, 2012.
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I︠U︡ldybaeva, G., i G. S. Khanova. "Saq menăn Suq" bashqort băĭete: Tekstar ḣăm tikshereneu̇t︠h︡ăr = Bashkirskiĭ bait "Sak i Suk : teksty i issledovanii︠a︡. Ȯfȯ: Mir pechati, 2018.
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M, Su̇leĭmanov Ă. Bashkirskai︠a︡ narodnai︠a︡ novella: Issledovanii︠a︡ s prilozheniem 105 novellisticheskikh skazok, prednaznachennykh dli︠a︡ vzroslykh chitateleĭ i pochitateleĭ narodnykh proizvedeniĭ. Ufa: "Ufimskiĭ poligrafkombinat", 2005.
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Buraqaeva, Mărĭăm, i Alevtina Khăbibova. Ăbĭălil: Bashqort khalyq ăkiăte. Ȯfȯ: "Inesh", 2010.
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Ăsăt͡hullina, Ălfiă, i Maĭi͡a Zyi͡ai. Shishmă: Bashqort khalyk ăkiăte. Ȯfȯ: "Kitap", 2010.
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Ăsăt͡hullina, Ălfiă, i Maĭi͡a Zyi͡ai. Bu̇lăk kemgă: Bashqort khalyk ăkiăte. Ȯfȯ: "Kitap", 2010.
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Aktualʹnye problemy gumanitarnoĭ nauki: folʹkloristika, literaturovedenie, ėtnografii︠a︡, istorii︠a︡, arkheografii︠a︡ (Conference) (2019 Ufa, Russia). Aktualʹnye problemy gumanitarnoĭ nauki: folʹkloristika, literaturovedenie, ėtnografii︠a︡, istorii︠a︡, arkheografii︠a︡: Materialy Vserossiĭskoĭ (s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem) nauchno-prakticheskoĭ konferent︠s︡ii, posvi︠a︡shchennoĭ 80-letii︠u︡ so dni︠a︡ rozhdenii︠a︡ vidnogo uchenogo-folʹklorista, pochetnogo akademika AN RB Suleĭmanova Akmeta Mukhametvaleevicha : g. Ufa, 23-25 mai︠a︡ 2019 g. Ufa: III︠A︡L UFIT︠S︡ RAN, 2019.
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Gali͡amova, G. K. Ĭȯrăk menăn ḣȯĭlăsheu̇: Razgovor s serdt͡sem : st͡senarii literaturno-muzykalʹnykh kompozit͡siĭ, literaturnykh vstrech, chitatelʹskikh konferent͡siĭ i klassnykh chasov : uchebnoe posobie. Ufa: IP Poli͡akovskiĭ I͡U. I., 2010.
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Rashit, Shakur, Nadergulov M. Kh, Khusainov G. B i Institut istorii, i͡a︡zyka i literatury (Akademii͡a︡ nauk SSSR. Bashkirskiĭ nauchnyĭ t͡s︡entr), red. Poėma "Kyssa-i Ĭusuf" Kul Gali: Problematika, poėtika, i͡a︡zyk proizvedenii͡a︡. Ufa: BNT͡S︡ UrO AN SSSR, 1988.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Bashir Folk literature"
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Kaliambou, Maria. "Folk Tales in Greece". W The Oxford Handbook of Slavic and East European Folklore. Oxford University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190080778.013.12.
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Abstract This chapter discusses the long tradition of folk tales in Greece as they developed from antiquity through modern times. It begins with the debate about the Greek term for folk tale, paramýthi, which indicates the close relationship of folk tales to myths. It continues in a discussion of the scholarly interest in Greek folk tales initiated by western European collectors in the nineteenth century and followed by Greek scholars. The chapter talks about the variety of sources the Greek folk tale draws upon, such as the long history of Greek oral and written traditions and elements from intercultural exchanges with southeast and western European, Turkish, and other cultures. The chapter analyzes basic characteristics of Greek folk tales related to narrative style, content, and performance and refers to the appreciation of the genre in popular culture and children’s literature.
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Stovbur, Liubov. "PECULIARITIES OF FUNCTIONING AND STYLISTIC ROLE OF DEMINUTIVES IN UKRAINIAN FOLK SONGS". W Integration of traditional and innovation processes of development of modern science. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-021-6-1.
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Deminutive vocabulary is a vivid means of emotional and allegorical expression of a literary text, especially when it comes to Ukrainian folk songs. The need for its further study in terms of word formation, semantics and expressive possibilities in the literary text will clarify the idea of reduction as a word-forming category, the peculiarities of its use in Ukrainian folk songs. High derivational activity of diminutive suffixes in the modern Ukrainian language is a manifestation of the nominative function – the desire to call small objects (rarely – minor phenomena of reality) a derivative with a diminutive formant. With the help of diminutive suffixes the aesthetic function of the word is realized – the desire to give the lexical unit of expression, to introduce into it an additional shade of expression. Diminutives often used in adult language addressed to children, and in children's language. Each group of words of subjective evaluation characterized by certain forms used in the formation of derivatives and express an inexhaustible number of different shades of meaning. Derivational analysis can be complicat by the specific possibilities of context and intonation, as in language and speech there may be an erasure of the basic meaning of the subjective-evaluation token and its transition from one group of words of subjective evaluation to another. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the multi-vector exploration: an attempt to generalize the idea of diminutives as a word-forming category, including typical suffixes with which they are formed, their word-forming meanings and productivity, types of creative bases, and to trace the stylistic role of diminutives on Ukrainian folk songs. The relevance of the proposed exploration determined by the insufficient development of the topic of diminutive derivation in song folklore, the importance and role of diminutives in Ukrainian folk songs. The connection of the researched topic with the general problems of Ukrainian stylistic word formation also seems to be theoretically important and relevant. The aim of the research is to reveal the lexical-semantic and word-forming features of diminutives, as well as their stylistic load in the texts of Ukrainian folk songs. To achieve this goal it is necessary to perform the following research tasks: to outline the theoretical foundations of the study of diminutives as a type of derived words in modern linguistic literature; to characterize the specifics of Ukrainian diminutives; to carry out semantic classification of the considered diminutives; analyze the grammatical and structural properties of diminutives; to determine the stylistic role of diminutives in Ukrainian folk songs. Research methods: the main thing in the work is the descriptive method, with its universal methods of observation, systematization and interpretation of linguistic facts and phenomena. The presentation of the researched material is subject to clear logicization: substantiation of theoretical bases, presentative-analytical presentation of the fact, formulation of the concluding part.
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Everett, Walter. "Sweetening with Band, Orchestral, and Other Instruments". W The Foundations of Rock, 93–116. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195310238.003.0004.
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Abstract The instruments covered thus far are basic to all rock and most pop music. But every instrument common to the wind band and the orchestra, and many from folk usage are heard in the pop-rock literature as well. At times, an orchestra or band of any size appears as a whole and on its own; at others, a record producer will book expert performers—session musicians—to add soloists, small groupings, or large sections of instruments to a rock group for just the right touch of sweetening. We’ll discuss and provide examples of each member of the woodwind, brass, percussion, and string sections, so you’ll be able to recognize all of their colors and understand a bit about how they’re used. Along the way, we’ll take note of several other less formal instruments that don’t have orchestral roles but have found their way into our repertoire nevertheless.
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Voloshchuk, Yurii, i Petro Krul. "GENESIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF AEROPHONES AND CHORDOPHONES GROUPS IN THE MUSICAL CULTURE OF UKRAINE". W Traditions and new scientific strategies in the context of global transformation of society. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-406-1-16.
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Wind and string instruments belong to the oldest types of musical instruments. They emerged as a result of a complex development process of aerophones and chordophones. This became possible due to the general development of musical culture, changes in social conditions, and the increasing complexity of tasks faced by composers and musicians. The subject of our research is the genesis and development of groups of aerophones and chordophones in Ukrainian musical culture. The aim of the scientific inquiry is to study the evolutionary processes in the formation of wind and string instruments in the territories of Ukraine from ancient to the present times. During the preparation of the monograph chapter, general scientific and specialized approaches and methods were used: collection and processing of information regarding the evolutionary development of orchestral instruments, historical approach and within this one the historical-chronological method, method of comparative analysis, and socio-cultural approach. The research methodology is based on the comprehensive combination of the following methods: analytical – in the study of scientific and methodological literature; organological – in the analysis of the features of the construction of string and wind instruments; comparative – in the analysis of performance techniques on instruments in different historical periods; historical – in revealing the influence of historical factors on the formation of aerophones and chordophones in the musical culture of Ukraine.The conclusions drawn from the conducted research can be summarized as follows: Summarizing the lengthy and complex process of evolution of folk and classical violin models in Ukraine.It can be concluded that the violin in its classical form gained wide popularity in Ukraine during the 15th-16th centuries due to close trade and cultural ties with Western Europe. Professional Ukrainian craftsmen engaged in the production of string instruments adhered to the traditions and canons of European schools, primarily Italian and Polish.A significant factor in the development of the professional violin school in Ukraine was the ancient and strong traditions of making string instruments in the work of folk masters. Folk violins in different regions were made according to local traditions and very often with violations of basic classical canons, namely: instability of canonical violin parameters; giving the contour of the violin and its details of their own forms; decorative ornamentation of the body and other parts of the instrument. However, a significant number of such masters contributed to the development of folklore performance in the territories of Ukraine, the formation of ensembles (trio music), and folk music orchestras, which undoubtedly influenced the development of professional instrumental performance.Alongside the violin, other instruments of the string group of chordophones were actively developing in Ukraine: cello (bass), double bass, lyre (lyre bass). They were involved in folk-instrumental ensembles (primarily the "trio music") and orchestras, but during the 18th-19th centuries – in professional collectives.The multifaceted evolution of aerophones in folk-instrumental sphere actively contributed to the formation, alongside ensemble and orchestral, also of solo-performing style. Relying on folk singing creativity, certain performing methods were determined by the system of artistic means, forming a separate gene pool of Ukrainian wind performing school with its emotional breadth and multifacetedness. By the end of the 18th – beginning of the 19th centuries, the main tendencies of Ukrainian musical performing art were determined.Thus, for many centuries, a diverse folk musical instrumentarium existed in the territories of Ukraine. In the process of historical development of the people's musical culture, this instrumentarium underwent significant evolution. The development of wind instruments occurred through changes in pitch (invention of playing holes) and improvement of sound production mechanisms (creation of a whistle device and mouthpiece). The development of string instruments consisted of sound reinforcement, search for new timbres, and expansion of the sound range by increasing the number of strings and improving their sound quality. The conducted research does not limit all aspects of the chosen topic. The creativity of domestic masters of musical instruments, constructive features, technical and sound capabilities of modern string and wind instrumentarium were left beyond attention. These and other issues may be addressed in future scientific research.
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Patel, Hershna, i Andreas Kukol. "Modelling and Simulation of Proteins". W Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 394–411. Wyd. 7. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788017862-00394.
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Proteins are biopolymers with a complex structure and flexibility, both of which are intrinsically linked with the important functions that proteins carry out in organisms and in biotechnology applications. The first part of this chapter explains the main template-based and template-free methods of protein structure prediction, namely comparative modelling, threading/fold recognition, ab initio modelling and contact-based modelling. The second part explains the method of molecular dynamics simulation of proteins, which is used to simulate protein flexibility. In addition to standard procedures, basic data analysis and limitations are discussed. Techniques to overcome some of the limitations, such as polarisable force fields and enhanced sampling techniques, are summarised. This chapter enables readers to understand the research literature in this area and to move forward to more practical tutorials and apply the methods themselves.
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Wright, Crispin. "Alethic Pluralism, Deflationism, and Faultless Disagreement". W Essays on Relativism, 228–56. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192845993.003.0011.
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Abstract The chapter returns to the “folk”-anti-realist idea about certain areas of my thought and discourse—basic taste, for instance, or comedy—that their lack of objectivity crystallizes in the possibility of “faultless disagreements”: situations where one party accepts P, another rejects P, and neither is guilty of any kind of mistake of substance or shortcoming of cognitive process. As noted in earlier chapters, it proves challenging on closer examination to make coherent sense of this idea, and a majority of theorists have come to reject it as incoherent. There are two significant exceptions in the contemporary literature: relativists often hold it up as something of a coup for their view that it can make straightforward sense of faultless disagreement; and I have argued (Chapters 1 and 2) that making judicious intuitionistic revisions to classical logic can provide resources that suffice to stabilize the notion. The present chapter argues that neither relativism nor intuitionism in fact provides a satisfactory account and indicates how a form of minimalism about truth and truth-aptitude, harnessed within an alethic pluralist framework enables us to do better.
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Muza, Olivia. "The Electrification-Appliance Uptake Gap: Assessing the Off-Grid Appliance Market in Rwanda Using the Multi-Tier Framework". W Sustainable Energy Investment - Technical, Market and Policy Innovations to Address Risk. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93883.
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The structure of the electricity system includes universal access to electricity that is adequate, available, reliable, affordable, legal, convenient, healthy, and safe and the efficient (inefficient) use of the electricity. Quality of access also influences clean energy technologies and electrical appliance purchase, ownership, use and perceived value (uptake, hereafter). Also, improved uptake assists in closing systemic gaps between rural and urban areas and grid and off-grid communities. Rwanda is projected to attain full electrification by 2024 (inclusive of all sectors: consumptive, productive and services). In this context, the East African country has articulated support mechanisms for off-grid market players through technical assessments and siting incentives. However, studies that focus on characterising diffusion and uptake of clean energy technologies and electrical appliances in mini-grid sites (market) are crucial to understand the emerging trends in off-grid rural electrification. This chapter contributes to this emerging discourse by proposing a four-fold demand side characterisation approach which (i) conducts a systemic review of literature to identify emerging off-grid themes as they relate to the multi-tier framework (MTF) and vice-versa, (ii) uses existing data to characterise the off-grid market (based on a typical village load), (iii) demonstrates the tariff regime changes using two payment methodologies (willingness to pay (WTP) and ability to pay (ATP)) and (iv) projects the 2024–2032 consumptive energy demand (using a simplified relation between appliance, it’s rating and duration of use). Results of this characterisation demonstrate global and local level (glo-cal) literature gaps meriting a localised MTF assessment. The purpose of the localised assessment reported in this Chapter was therefore to understand appliance uptake gaps at the user level. The typical village load is basic (implying low energy demand). Ceteris paribus, higher WTP and ATP by users yield higher tariffs. However, a high ATP is a business sustainability determinant than a high WTP. Because energy consumption is also dependent on how efficiently it is used by those with access, the Chapter discusses appliance efficiency as a partial definition of sustainable energy and also as an example of sustainable energy. Then, demand stimulation pathways addressing wider systemic opportunities at the intersection of the theory of change and the theory of agency and risk reduction in markets, investments and policy (derisking markets, investments and policy) are discussed. The first pathway focuses on women and youth participation in productive use activities. The second pathway highlights strategies for appliance financing such as cost-sharing and micro-credit. The final pathway considers economic activity stimulation which has multiplier effects on energy demand and consequently energy-using appliances uptake. The implications for Sustainable Citizens and markets, investments and policy innovations are contextualised in the Sustainable Energy Utility business model.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Bashir Folk literature"
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Kravtsova, Marina. "“A LOST TREASURE”: ON FOLK ORIGINS OF THE VERSES OF CHU (CHUCI)". W 9th International Conference ISSUES OF FAR EASTERN LITERATURES. St. Petersburg State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288062049.17.
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This article is focused on analysis of the hypothesis of the local song folklore origins of the famous poetic phenomenon chuci (elegies/songs of Chu) that represents the literary heritage of the southern (Yangtze Basin) region of the Ancient China (the Zhou epoch, 11th–3rd centuries B. C.) and is associated with the emergence of the Chinese poetry. Although today the thesis about the folklore origins of chuci, or rather of the poetic pieces presented by the Chuci (Verses/Elegies of Chu, Songs of the South) collection, is generally accepted, the author argues that, first, during the 1st–7th centuries A. D. the chuci poetry was stable considered within the Chinese book knowledge to be created by exclusively the literary genius of Qu Yuan (4th–3rd centuries B. C.), the great poet of the Chu Kingdom (11th–3rd centuries B. C.). Secondly, the views on chuci as an autochthonous (“southern”) poetic tradition dating back to the local folk art emerged in the 12th–13th centuries and finally established itself in the Chinese literature studies of the first third of the 20th century, all these under the influence of the ideological processes, caused by synchronic historical and political events. Thirdly, although the existence of developed song-poetic folklore in Chu Kingdom seems quite permissible, it for some reason remained out of fixation by that day written sources, including transmitted texts and archaeological materials (epigraphic inscription and excavated manuscripts). Therefore, almost nothing is known as a matter of fact of the hypothetic Chu song folklore what makes it impossible to recognize its true influence on origins and further on evolution of the chuci tradition.
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Liu, Limei. "THE RESEARCH ON THE SOURCES OF CHINESE MATERIALS IN JAPANESE THE LEGENDS OF TŌNO". W 9th International Conference ISSUES OF FAR EASTERN LITERATURES. St. Petersburg State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288062049.40.
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Tono Monogatari, published in 1910, is the pioneering and classic work of Yanagida Kunio, the father of modern Japanese folklore. Using Tono Monogatari as the starting point, Yanagida himself created the Japanese folklore, which the Japanese are proud of. Japanese academic circles have always regarded Tono Monogatari as a record of the local folk in Tono, Northeast Japan. Even Zhou Zuoren, who first got acquainted with this book in Japan, regarded it as a work of purely Japanese local studies. This article first starts with the text of Tono Monogatari, examines the relationship between its “Chinese style” and Chinese culture, and points out the Chinese cultural influence. On this basis the author traced the source of certain stories in Tono Monogatari, analyzed the way and process of these Chinese materials spread to Japan, and the changes that occurred after they were incorporated into Japanese folklore. By finding out that Tono Story has derived from many aspects of Chinese culture, it refutes the academic view that Tono Story is a pure Japanese folk heritage.
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Redkin, V. "THE ROMANTIC BASIS IN THE POEM “SONG ABOUT THE DEATH OF THE COSSACK ARMY” BY P. VASILIEV". W VIII International Conference “Russian Literature of the 20th-21st Centuries as a Whole Process (Issues of Theoretical and Methodological Research)”. LCC MAKS Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m3706.rus_lit_20-21/118-122.
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The author examines one of the most striking works of P. Vasiliev - the poem “The Song about the death of the Cossack army” (1928-1932), which widely demonstrates the possibilities of a romantic poem. P. Vasiliev is undoubtedly a representative of the recreating type of creativity. At the same time, the romantic nature of the work is manifested not only in the characteristic poetics: bright unusual images, saturation of the text with metaphors and symbols, fragmentary composition, rhythmic diversity, shifts of stressed syllables and stylization of folk verse, but also in the vivid personal characteristics of the characters, their confrontation with cruel reality. They are passionate natures capable of deep love and hatred, nobility and cruelty. The poet develops the Blok tradition by referring to the symbol, making extensive use of complex chains of associations. Vasiliev also uses the artistic experience of the revolutionary romantic poem of the 20s.
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Mouli, T. Sai Chandra. "Towards Understanding Identity, Culture and Language". W GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2019. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2019.3-8.
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Knowledge of self is at the core of all human endeavours. In the quest identity assumes significance. It acquired greater relevance and respect on account of Postcolonial concerns. ‘Class’ emerged as the basis of a person’s identity. Subsequent to liberation of colonies from alien rule, postcolonial concerns gained ground. Focus on indigenous ways of life adds new dimension. Social, cultural, psychological and economic structures became the basis of one’s own view of identity. These dynamics are applicable to languages that flourished, perished or are on the verge of extinction. In India, regional, linguistic, religious diversity add to the complexity of the issue in addition to several subcultures that exist. Culture is not an independent variable. Historical factors, political developments, geographical and climatic conditions along with economic policies followed do contribute to a larger extent in fixing the contours of a country’s culture. Institutional modifications also sway the stability of national culture. Cultural transmission takes place in diverse ways. It is not unidirectional and unilateral. In many countries culture models are passed on from one generation to another through recitation. The learners memorize the cultural expressions without understanding meaning or social significance of what is communicated to them. Naturally, this practice results in hierarchical patterns and hegemony of vested elements. This is how norms of ‘high’ and ‘low’ are formed and extended to written works and oral/folk literatures respectively. This presentation focuses on the identity, culture and language of indigenous people in Telugu speaking states of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh in South India.
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Balcilar, Muhammet, Ahmet Selim Dalkilic¸ i Somchai Wongwises. "Determination of Condensation Heat Transfer Characteristics of R134A by Means of Artificial Intelligence Method". W ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-38453.
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The present study investigates the best artificial neural network (ANN) approach to estimate the measured convective heat transfer coefficient of R134a flowing downward inside a vertical smooth copper tube having an inner diameter of 8.1mm and a length of 500mm during annular flow numerically. R134a and water are used as working fluids in the tube side and annular side of a double tube heat exchanger, respectively. Experimental data, used as the ANN training set, came from intube condensation tests including three different mass fluxes of R134a such as 260, 340 and 456 kg m−2s−1, two different saturation temperatures of R134a such as 40 and 50 °C and heat fluxes ranging from 10.83 to 50.89 kW m−2. Accuracy of the dataset was proven in many papers in the literature. The quality of the refrigerant in the test section is calculated considering the temperature and pressure obtained from the experiment. The pressure drop across the test section is directly measured by a differential pressure transducer. Measured values of test section such as mass flux, heat flux, the temperature difference between the tube wall and saturation temperature, average vapor quality are assigned as input of the ANNs, while the experimental condensation heat transfer coefficient and measured pressure drop are specified as the output in the analysis. The artificial neural network (ANN) methods of multi-layer perceptron (MLP), radial basis networks (RBFN), generalized regression neural network (GRNN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) were used to decide the best approach for modeling condensation heat transfer characteristics of R134a. 183 data points obtained in the experiments are divided into two sets randomly. Sets of test and training/validation are including 33 and 120/30 data points respectively. In training phase, 5-fold cross validation is used for determine the best value of ANNs control parameters. The ANNs performances were measured by mean relative error criteria with the usage of unknown test sets. The performance of the method of multi layer perceptron (MLP) with 5-13-1 architecture and radial basis function networks (RBFN) with the spread coefficient (sp) of 40000 were found to be superior to other methods and architectures by means of satisfactory results with their deviations within the range of ±0.58% for the estimated condensation heat transfer coefficient and ±1.74% for the estimated pressure drop respectively.
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Krasnoshtanova, Alla, i Elisaveta Borovkova. "OBTAINING NUCLEIC ACID PREPARATIONS AND THEIR HYDROLYSATES FROM BIOMASS OF METHANE-OXIDIZING BACTERIA". W GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/14.
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"Due to the unfavourable environmental, social and economic situation, the need for the treatment of oncological diseases and diseases associated with impaired activity of the immune system is increasing. A lot of these drugs are made on the basis of nucleic acid components, the industrial production of which is practically non-existent in Russia. Therefore, a task of current interest is to develop the basis of the technology for obtaining components of nucleic acids, which can be widely used in medicine as immunomodulatory, wound-healing, antiviral, and diagnostic medicine, as well as for cancer treatment. Most of the described in literature methods of isolating nucleic acid components from plant, animal and microbial raw materials are based on the use of toxic and expensive organic solvents, that’s why it is impossible to apply these methods outside of laboratory conditions. The most promising source of raw materials for nucleic acids is the biomass of microorganisms (yeast and bacteria) from biomass, since the use of such source makes it possible to quickly obtain a large enough amount of biomass, and, consequently, a larger amount of nucleic acids. This allows obtaining DNA in addition to RNA. RNA and DNA substances can be used to obtain nucleosides and nitrogenous bases, which are also widely used in medicine. The purpose of these studies was to select the conditions for the extraction of RNA and DNA from the biomass of methane-oxidizing bacteria in one technological cycle, as well as to compare the efficiency of alkaline and acid hydrolysis of microbial RNA and DNA. The need for a two-stage extraction of nucleic acids from the biomass of methane-oxidizing bacteria in order to separately extract RNA and DNA was Substantiated. It was ascertained that at the first stage of extraction at a temperature of 90 ° C, pH 9.0 for 90 min, at least 85% of RNA is extracted. After the separation of the extract by centrifugation, the partially denuclearized biomass must be re-processed under the same conditions in order to extract DNA by at least 83%. The modes of concentration of RNA and DNA solutions by ultrafiltration were selected. It was found that in order to achieve effective deposition of nucleic acids at the isoelectric point, the concentration of the RNA solution must be carried out on the UPM-10 membrane at the concentration degree of 7, and the DNA solution on the UPM-100 membrane at the concentration degree 6. The dynamics of decomposition of nucleic-protein complexes in the medium of monoammonium phosphate was investigated. It was shown that the transition of NA into solution by at least 80% is achieved at a monoammonium phosphate concentration of 1.7 M, a temperature of 55 ° C for 90 min. The use of 5-fold washing of oligonucleotide substances with acidified water (pH 2.0) to remove excess mineral impurities was substantiated. А comparative assessment of acid and alkaline hydrolysis of RNA and DNA was carried out in order to obtain derivatives of nucleic acids."
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Sangra, Albert, Mercedes Gonzalezsanmamed i Lourdes Guardia. "SUPPORTING ACTIVITIES FOR ONLINE TEACHING PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT: FINDINGS FROM A RESEARCH". W eLSE 2014. Editura Universitatii Nationale de Aparare "Carol I", 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-14-193.
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The current European Higher Education Area (EHEA) is fostering the development and implementation of a teaching and learning model in which teaching roles are being challenged and shifted. Beyond the fact competence-based design for programs is the core issue concerning this new scenario, it is also true that the use of the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) could be considered as a driver for this change, and a helpful ally for teachers to better develop their role in this context. Online or blended programs are the most significant way in which most of the universities are facing this situation, even if their aims are two fold: to increase the number of students and to adapt themselves to the new methodological approaches in an easiest way. To handle online teaching, no matter if the delivery is going to be blended or fully online, teachers should have a number of specific competences as the current research literature states. These specific competences should be achieved through training and experience, so different programs have been put into practice to increase the capacity of teachers to become good online teachers too. Online education has been growing in Spain in the last decade as some studies have concluded. However the perception teachers are not being taught to face properly this important shift is around. Given this, a group of Spanish researchers from different universities considered the need of identifying which is the support for and the provision of online teaching professional development in Spain, and a research project was carried out. The project was partially funded by the Spanish Ministry of Education. A qualitative approach was the basis of the research design. Data from the whole set of Spanish universities (77) was collected through two main instruments: a) A full analysis of the existing information shown in each university website; and b) An in-depth interview with the university responsible for teacher's professional development units. Later on, analysis of data was carried out by the group of researchers who led the project. The main findings of the research show which the current situation is regarding the provision and support for online teaching professional development, as well as for the use of ICT in their regular classrooms: main characteristics of the training provision and future needs for online teaching professional development. The study also points out on some limitations and perspectives. In addition, the research has also identified some recommendations and future issues that should be taken into consideration.
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Manikonda, Kaushik, Abu Rashid Hasan, Chinemerem Edmond Obi, Raka Islam, Ahmad Khalaf Sleiti, Motasem Wadi Abdelrazeq i Mohammad Azizur Rahman. "Application of Machine Learning Classification Algorithms for Two-Phase Gas-Liquid Flow Regime Identification". W Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208214-ms.
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Abstract This research aims to identify the best machine learning (ML) classification techniques for classifying the flow regimes in vertical gas-liquid two-phase flow. Two-phase flow regime identification is crucial for many operations in the oil and gas industry. Processes such as flow assurance, well control, and production rely heavily on accurate identification of flow regimes for their respective systems' smooth functioning. The primary motivation for the proposed ML classification algorithm selection processes was drilling and well control applications in Deepwater wells. The process started with vertical two-phase flow data collection from literature and two different flow loops. One, a 140 ft. tall vertical flow loop with a centralized inner metal pipe and a larger outer acrylic pipe. Second, an 18-ft long flow loop, also with a centralized, inner metal drill pipe. After extensive experimental and historical data collection, supervised and unsupervised ML classification models such as Multi-class Support vector machine (MCSVM), K-Nearest Neighbor Classifier (KNN), K-means clustering, and hierarchical clustering were fit on the datasets to separate the different flow regions. The next step was fine-tuning the models' parameters and kernels. The last step was to compare the different combinations of models and refining techniques for the best prediction accuracy and the least variance. Among the different models and combinations with refining techniques, the 5- fold cross-validated KNN algorithm, with 37 neighbors, gave the optimal solution with a 98% classification accuracy on the test data. The KNN model distinguished five major, distinct flow regions for the dataset and a few minor regions. These five regions were bubbly flow, slug flow, churn flow, annular flow, and intermittent flow. The KNN-generated flow regime maps matched well with those presented by Hasan and Kabir (2018). The MCSVM model produced visually similar flow maps to KNN but significantly underperformed them in prediction accuracy. The MCSVM training errors ranged between 50% - 60% at normal parameter values and costs but went up to 99% at abnormally high values. However, their prediction accuracy was below 50% even at these highly overfitted conditions. In unsupervised models, both clustering techniques pointed to an optimal cluster number between 10 and 15, consistent with the 14 we have in the dataset. Within the context of gas kicks and well control, a well-trained, reliable two-phase flow region classification algorithm offers many advantages. When trained with well-specific data, it can act as a black box for flow regime identification and subsequent well-control measure decisions for the well. Further advancements with more robust statistical training techniques can render these algorithms as a basis for well-control measures in drilling automation software. On a broader scale, these classification techniques have many applications in flow assurance, production, and any other area with gas-liquid two-phase flow.
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Paulino, Nuno, Cristina Roche Arroyos, Luís Ferreira, Matteo Pascucci, Jorge Arnedo García, Diego Navarro-Tapia, Andrés Marcos i in. "Fault Tolerant Control for a Cluster of Rocket Engines – Methods and outcomes for guidance and control recovery strategies in launchers". W ESA 12th International Conference on Guidance Navigation and Control and 9th International Conference on Astrodynamics Tools and Techniques. ESA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5270/esa-gnc-icatt-2023-085.
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Fault tolerant control for a cluster of engines in launchers has re-gained attention in recent times thanks to the development of capabilities of new reusable launchers such as SpaceX Falcon 9 and Starship. Most mission failures in the last quarter of the century were caused by propulsion or TVC failures. The former involve an off-nominal thrust delivery by the propulsion system that causes insufficient launch delta-V, leading to a failure to reach orbit or an off-nominal orbital injection performance. Moreover, in the case of a thrust-vectored control (TVC), a reduction in thrust also leads to a reduction in control authority. However, the redundancy provided by the cluster of engines can be intelligently exploited to mitigate failures that affect propulsion or thrust vectoring. The project entitled “Fault-Tolerant Control of Clusters of Rocket Engines (FTC-CRE)” is an activity supported by the European Space Agency aimed at the demonstration of guidance and control (G&C) laws for launch vehicles with cluster of engines, with focusing on reconfiguration capabilities in case of propulsion and TVC failures. The main outcome of the activity is the definition of the most suitable set of requirements and methodologies for a G&C architecture with embedded fault tolerant capabilities, and the increase of the readiness level for recovery strategies which ensure stability and performance in the presence of failures in the engines. Here we provide an overview of the activity, aims and objectives, followed by the description of a test case of a launcher with a cluster of 5 thrusters during ascent, subjected to engine and TVC failures. A launcher simulator modelling the nonlinear dynamics, environment, the failures, including a detailed model of the TVC electro-mechanical actuator has been developed. On this basis, a recovery decision logic is proposed relying on fault tolerant control and trajectory reconfiguration, and the recovery actions are analyzed with the simulator. The work considers realistic, total and partial, failures in one of the cluster’s engines as well as thrust vectoring failures. Since the goal of the present activity is to develop fault-tolerant G&C algorithms, the considered failures are those that decrease the performance of the launcher but that are not considered catastrophic. The modelled failures simulated and analyzed are 1 - Partial and total loss of thrust in one engine 2 - For the cases where the loss of thrust is in a fixed central engine or a gimballed outer engine in the cluster: 2a - A thrust vector actuator fixed at non-zero deflection (loss of communication, avionic failure or any jamming-like behavior) 2b - Loss of power of the thrust vector actuator in an outer engine The loss of thrust is modelled by introducing failures in oxidizer and fuel injection valves, while actuator failures are simulated in a detailed multi-physics Simscape-based model of the TVC actuators. The investigated recovery strategies rely on control reconfiguration and trajectory re-planning based on the detected failure. At the control level, the considered reconfiguration actions are two-fold: 1 - Use an allocation algorithm to optimize thrust levels and deflections within the cluster to compensate for the loss of thrust and any induced parasitic torque 2 - Switch to a controller with less performance but robust to the failure up to a certain tolerance level These actions might not suffice to recover the requirements and it might be necessary to mitigate the failure at guidance level by performing a trajectory re-planning accounting for the available capability of the vehicle. The guidance trajectory generation problem encompasses nonlinear dynamics and several nonconvex state and control constraints. One approach that has been explored in recent literature for handling both nominal and reconfiguration launcher guidance is successive convexification. This approach can address the nonconvex and nonlinear nature of the problem while making it amenable for closed-loop online implementation. However, the challenge of finding an optimal solution under the assumption of clustered actuation with throttleable and gimbaled thrusters and with adaptability in response to actuation faults is yet to be tackled in the literature. In this work, successive convexification is employed to find a solution to the launcher guidance problem. The guidance considers a 6-degrees-of-freedom model, incorporating unstable dynamics and a complex actuation model for the cluster of rocket engines with throttleable thrust and TVC actuators. Additionally, the guidance problem formulation includes a novel approach for robustness against the considered engine fault scenarios and for reconfiguration of the nominal trajectory. The failure scenarios are triggered to evaluate the effectiveness of the different recovery fault-tolerant G&C strategies, in isolation or combined, with respect to the nominal operation. The analysis of the results provides the level of system degradation up to which control reconfiguration can be applied, and from which a trajectory re-planning/re-targeting needs to be performed. The provided testcase is used to show how much the fault tolerant control approaches can successfully recover and mitigate for failures in the thrust vector actuators and a partial loss of thrust. It is also demonstrated the use of closed-loop trajectory reconfiguration to exploit the redundancy in the cluster of engines, and the suitability of successive convexification for the optimal guidance problem.
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Gurbuz, Mustafa. "PERFORMING MORAL OPPOSITION: MUSINGS ON THE STRATEGY AND IDENTITY IN THE GÜLEN MOVEMENT". W Muslim World in Transition: Contributions of the Gülen Movement. Leeds Metropolitan University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.55207/hzit2119.
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This paper investigates the Gülen movement’s repertoires of action in order to determine how it differs from traditional Islamic revivalist movements and from the so-called ‘New Social Movements’ in the Western world. Two propositions lead the discussion: First, unlike many Islamic revivalist movements, the Gülen movement shaped its identity against the perceived threat of a trio of enemies, as Nursi named them a century ago – ignorance, disunity, and poverty. This perception of the opposition is crucial to understanding the apolitical mind-set of the Gülen movement’s fol- lowers. Second, unlike the confrontational New Social Movements, the Gülen movement has engaged in ‘moral opposition’, in which the movement’s actors seek to empathise with the adversary by creating (what Bakhtin calls) ‘dialogic’ relationships. ‘Moral opposition’ has enabled the movement to be more alert strategically as well as more productive tactically in solving the everyday practical problems of Muslims in Turkey. A striking example of this ‘moral opposition’ was witnessed in the Merve Kavakci incident in 1999, when the move- ment tried to build bridges between the secular and Islamist camps, while criticising and educating both parties during the post-February 28 period in Turkey. In this way the Gülen movement’s performance of opposition can contribute new theoretical and practical tools for our understanding of social movements. 104 | P a g e Recent works on social movements have criticized the longstanding tradition of classify- ing social movement types as “strategy-oriented” versus “identity-oriented” (Touraine 1981; Cohen 1985; Rucht 1988) and “identity logic of action” versus “instrumentalist logic of ac- tion” (Duyvendak and Giugni 1995) by regarding identities as a key element of a move- ment’s strategic and tactical repertoire (see Bernstein 1997, 2002; Gamson 1997; Polletta 1998a; Polletta and Jasper 2001; Taylor and Van Dyke 2004). Bifurcation of identity ver- sus strategy suggests the idea that some movements target the state and the economy, thus, they are “instrumental” and “strategy-oriented”; whereas some other movements so-called “identity movements” challenge the dominant cultural patterns and codes and are considered “expressive” in content and “identity-oriented.” New social movement theorists argue that identity movements try to gain recognition and respect by employing expressive strategies wherein the movement itself becomes the message (Touraine 1981; Cohen 1985; Melucci 1989, 1996). Criticizing these dualisms, some scholars have shown the possibility of different social movement behaviour under different contextual factors (e.g. Bernstein 1997; Katzenstein 1998). In contrast to new social movement theory, this work on the Gülen movement indi- cates that identity movements are not always expressive in content and do not always follow an identity-oriented approach; instead, identity movements can synchronically be strategic as well as expressive. In her article on strategies and identities in Black Protest movements during the 1960s, Polletta (1994) criticizes the dominant theories of social movements, which a priori assume challengers’ unified common interests. Similarly, Jenkins (1983: 549) refers to the same problem in the literature by stating that “collective interests are assumed to be relatively unproblematic and to exist prior to mobilization.” By the same token, Taylor and Whittier (1992: 104) criticize the longstanding lack of explanation “how structural inequality gets translated into subjective discontent.” The dominant social movement theory approaches such as resource mobilization and political process regard these problems as trivial because of their assumption that identities and framing processes can be the basis for interests and further collective action but cannot change the final social movement outcome. Therefore, for the proponents of the mainstream theories, identities of actors are formed in evolutionary processes wherein social movements consciously frame their goals and produce relevant dis- courses; yet, these questions are not essential to explain why collective behaviour occurs (see McAdam, McCarthy, and Zald 1996). This reductionist view of movement culture has been criticized by a various number of scholars (e.g. Goodwin and Jasper 1999; Polletta 1997, 1999a, 1999b; Eyerman 2002). In fact, the debate over the emphases (interests vis-à-vis identities) is a reflection of the dissent between American and European sociological traditions. As Eyerman and Jamison (1991: 27) note, the American sociologists focused on “the instrumentality of movement strategy formation, that is, on how movement organizations went about trying to achieve their goals,” whereas the European scholars concerned with the identity formation processes that try to explain “how movements produced new historical identities for society.” Although the social movement theorists had recognized the deficiencies within each approach, the attempts to synthesize these two traditions in the literature failed to address the empirical problems and methodological difficulties. While criticizing the mainstream American collective behaviour approaches that treat the collective identities as given, many leading European scholars fell into a similar trap by a 105 | P a g e priori assuming that the collective identities are socio-historical products rather than cog- nitive processes (see, for instance, Touraine 1981). New Social Movement (NSM) theory, which is an offshoot of European tradition, has lately been involved in the debate over “cog- nitive praxis” (Eyerman and Jamison 1991), “signs” (Melucci 1996), “identity as strategy” (Bernstein 1997), protest as “art” (Jasper 1997), “moral performance” (Eyerman 2006), and “storytelling” (Polletta 2006). In general, these new formulations attempt to bring mental structures of social actors and symbolic nature of social action back in the study of collec- tive behaviour. The mental structures of the actors should be considered seriously because they have a potential to change the social movement behaviours, tactics, strategies, timing, alliances and outcomes. The most important failure, I think, in the dominant SM approaches lies behind the fact that they hinder the possibility of the construction of divergent collective identities under the same structures (cf. Polletta 1994: 91). This study investigates on how the Gülen movement differed from other Islamic social move- ments under the same structural factors that were realized by the organized opposition against Islamic activism after the soft coup in 1997. Two propositions shall lead my discussion here: First, unlike many Islamic revivalist movements, the Gülen movement shaped its identity against perceived threat of the triple enemies, what Nursi defined a century ago: ignorance, disunity, and poverty. This perception of the opposition is crucial to grasp non-political men- tal structures of the Gülen movement followers. Second, unlike the confrontational nature of the new social movements, the Gülen movement engaged in a “moral opposition,” in which the movement actors try to empathize with the enemy by creating “dialogic” relationships.