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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Bash Translation"
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Raynova, Yvanka B. "Philosophische Übersetzung zwischen "sprachlicher Gewaltanwendung" und translativer Hermeneutik. Translatorische Überlegungen aus der Sicht der Übersetzung(en) von Jean-Paul Sartres 'L'être et le néant'". Labyrinth 21, nr 2 (3.03.2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.25180/lj.v21i2.190.
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Philosophical translation between "linguistic violence" and translative hermeneutics. Translational considerations from the perspective of the translation(s) of Jean-Paul Sartre's L'être et le néant The establishment of translatology as a scientific discipline is a late phenomenon to which not only linguistics but also the philosophy of language has contributed significantly. Although the considerations of Schleiermacher, Ricoeur, Derrida, Balibar, Cassin and other philosophers are very stimulating for the examination of the translation problematics, they do not offer a particular translation theory of philosophical texts. Most of their works are of little help in practice when it comes to translating a complicated philosophical text. That is why I will take in this paper the opposite path and start from my own experience as a translator of philosophical literature into Bulgarian and, more concretely, from my translation of Jean-Paul Sartre's L'être et le néant. On the base of this key work of contemporary philosophy and its translations into different languages, I will address the difficulties and the specifics of philosophical translation, discuss various translation methods, and argue several theses, which could serve as impulses for a further development of translation theory and translation practice in the field of philosophy.
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Basnight-Brown, Dana M., Stephanie A. Kazanas i Jeanette Altarriba. "Translation ambiguity in Mandarin-English bilinguals". Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 10, nr 4 (13.11.2018): 559–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lab.17037.bas.
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Abstract Research focused on the cognitive processes surrounding bilingual language representation has revealed the important role that translation ambiguity plays in how languages are stored in memory (Tokowicz & Kroll, 2007). In addition, translation of emotionally related information has been shown to be challenging because a direct translation does not always exist (Basnight-Brown & Altarriba, 2014). The focus of the current study was to explore the processing of ambiguous words for translations that differ in orthography. In Experiment 1, Chinese-English bilinguals translated concrete and abstract words that differed in the number of translations across languages. In Experiment 2, emotion words were introduced into the context, in order to examine differences in emotion translation across languages. The results revealed that words with a single translation were produced faster and more accurately than words that had multiple translations. Finally, translation of emotional stimuli was faster when translating Chinese words as compared to English words.
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Xiu, Peng, i Liming Xeauyin. "Human translation vs machine translation: The practitioner phenomenology". Linguistics and Culture Review 2, nr 1 (9.05.2018): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v2n1.8.
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The paper aimed at exploring the current phenomenon regarding human translation with machine translation. Human translation (HT), by definition, is when a human translator—rather than a machine—translate text. It's the oldest form of translation, relying on pure human intelligence to convert one way of saying things to another. The person who performs language translation. Learn more about using technology to reduce healthcare disparity. A person who performs language translation. The translation is necessary for the spread of information, knowledge, and ideas. It is absolutely necessary for effective and empathetic communication between different cultures. Translation, therefore, is critical for social harmony and peace. Only a human translation can tell the difference because the machine translator will just do the direct word to word translation. This is a hindrance to machines because they are not advanced to the level of rendering these nuances accurately, but they can only do word to word translations. There are different translation techniques, diverse theories about translation and eight different translation services types, including technical translation, judicial translation and certified translation. The translation is the process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis. The genetic code describes the relationship between the sequence of base pairs in a gene and the corresponding amino acid sequence that it encodes.
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Porkhomovsky, Victor Ya, i Olga I. Romanova. "Names of God in Vulgate and the Italian translations of the Old Testament". RESEARCH RESULT Theoretical and Applied Linguistics 7, nr 3 (1.10.2021): 40–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18413/2313-8912-2021-7-3-0-4.
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The present publication expands the analysis of the Old Testament translations into different languages. This line of studies was initiated by the works of the late French scholar Philippe Cassuto and one of the authors of this publication. The purpose of the article is to look at the strategies applied in translating the Old Testament names of the Supreme Being into Latin (the Vulgate version) and modern Italian. This purpose is two-fold: by doing so, we also expand the data base of the Old Testament terms‘ renditions in different languages. The article provides the full nomenclature of the names of the Supreme God in the Old-Hebrew (Masoretic) text of the Old Testament, concentrates on their semantics and grammatical structure, and explains the contexts of their use. A canonical Russian-language translation is used as a reference base to illustrate the fate of the original names of the God in translation. The widely-accepted English-language translations of the Old Testament are included to provide a broader perspective on translation strategies applied to this particular aspect of the Old Testament texts. The analyzed Latin and six modern Italian-language translations demonstrate a considerable degree of uniformity in translating the names of God. The Latin and the Italian translations apply the philological strategy to translating the Holy Bible (as opposed to another option presented by the typology of the Bible translation – the ideological strategy). Notwithstanding the relative lexical uniformity of the translations, they demonstrate the differences between Catholic and Protestant versions. The analysis of the Italian translations of the Old Testament contributes to the typology of the Bible translation and ultimately makes an input to the general theory of translation.
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Porkhomovsky, Victor Ya, i Olga I. Romanova. "Names of God in Vulgate and the Italian translations of the Old Testament". RESEARCH RESULT Theoretical and Applied Linguistics 7, nr 3 (1.10.2021): 40–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18413/2313-8912-2021-7-3-0-4.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The present publication expands the analysis of the Old Testament translations into different languages. This line of studies was initiated by the works of the late French scholar Philippe Cassuto and one of the authors of this publication. The purpose of the article is to look at the strategies applied in translating the Old Testament names of the Supreme Being into Latin (the Vulgate version) and modern Italian. This purpose is two-fold: by doing so, we also expand the data base of the Old Testament terms‘ renditions in different languages. The article provides the full nomenclature of the names of the Supreme God in the Old-Hebrew (Masoretic) text of the Old Testament, concentrates on their semantics and grammatical structure, and explains the contexts of their use. A canonical Russian-language translation is used as a reference base to illustrate the fate of the original names of the God in translation. The widely-accepted English-language translations of the Old Testament are included to provide a broader perspective on translation strategies applied to this particular aspect of the Old Testament texts. The analyzed Latin and six modern Italian-language translations demonstrate a considerable degree of uniformity in translating the names of God. The Latin and the Italian translations apply the philological strategy to translating the Holy Bible (as opposed to another option presented by the typology of the Bible translation – the ideological strategy). Notwithstanding the relative lexical uniformity of the translations, they demonstrate the differences between Catholic and Protestant versions. The analysis of the Italian translations of the Old Testament contributes to the typology of the Bible translation and ultimately makes an input to the general theory of translation.
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Jawad, Hisham A. "Repetition in Literary Arabic: Foregrounding, Backgrounding, and Translation Strategies". Meta 54, nr 4 (1.02.2010): 753–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/038902ar.
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Abstract The paper investigates lexical repetition in Arabic original literary texts and English translations. The empirical base material consists of a three-part autobiography (al-Ayyām, by Tāhā Hussein) and its translation (The Days). The method involves a mapping of the target text (TT) onto the source text (ST) so as to see how instances of lexical repetition are rendered into the translations and what are the strategies and norms involved in determining certain translation choices. Three types of lexical repetition are studied: lexical-item repetition, lexical-doublet repetition and phrase repetition. Lexical repetition serves two major functions, namely textual and rhetorical. The textual function concerns the potential of repetition for organising the text and rendering it cohesive, while the rhetorical foregrounds a mental image or invokes emotions in emotive language. It is observed that the translation of the autobiography’s second part is characterised mainly by the absence of lexical repetition, contrary to the translations of the first and third parts. Thus, the target text misrepresents the original author as passing through three stages of textual, stylistic development. As to the translation strategies, the findings suggest that the translators vary the ST by using different patterns of reference. Rhetorical repetition is backgrounded by at least one translator who replaces it with pervasive variation. It is argued that the ambivalence of their approaches leads to a misrepresentation of the original text (and perhaps the author) as rather uneven.The strategies for translating lexical repetition highlight the translators’ individual attitudes towards the ST’s norms and their adherence to the linguistic and cultural norms prevalent in the TL environment. On the whole, there is a variation in the degree of bias towards the norms of either SL or TL. In terms of Toury’s norms model, it may be safe to claim that the general trend of translational norms seems to lean more towards the acceptability pole than the adequacy pole, i.e., a TL-oriented strategy is opted for.
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Pleijel, Richard. "Translation teams as cognitive systems". Developments in Cognitive Translation and Interpreting Studies 8, nr 2 (22.11.2021): 307–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.00080.ple.
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Abstract This paper aims to bring research on different forms of group-level cognition into conversation with Cognitive Translation Studies (CTS), the focal point of the paper being cognitive processes in translation teams. It is argued that an analysis of cognition in translation teams, which exhibit the properties of a cognitive system, needs to be placed on group-level. A case study of a team, translating the Hebrew Bible Book of Psalms into Swedish in the 1980’s, is presented. The empirical base for the case study consists of archival material in the form of draft translations and paratexts. The methodological question is thus raised whether, and if so in what way, cognitive processes may be analyzed retrospectively, and not only from a real time perspective. By treating the archival material as cognitive artifacts which have constituted an integral part of the team’s cognitive process, the question is tentatively answered in a favourable way. This, it is finally argued, opens up interesting possibilities for joining CTS with translator archives research, Genetic Translation Studies (GTS), and cognitive archeology.
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Sarwono, Aris. "RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM MONITORING DENGAN VIDEO STREAMING DAN RECORDING SEBAGAI PEMANTAU RUANGAN KELAS MENGGUNAKAN WEBCAM BERBASIS OPENWRT". MEDIA ELEKTRIKA 12, nr 2 (3.01.2020): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/me.12.2.2019.79-92.
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Network Monitoring Sistem is a collection of systems that have a function to observe or monitor systems that allow for errors in the system till it can be detected. Technological advances create a monitoring system using the Closed Circuit Television. Utilization of this device can make it easier to monitor the situation or condition of a room, so as to prevent the occurrence of a crime. This research use software system design that aims to facilitate the translation of system requirements that will be built or developed to estimate the system created is a quality system. Encoding on this system is the result of system design that will be implemented by using PHP, Html and bash script. And the last is a system reliability test before the system can actually be implemented through testing every function of the system that has been designed, and system feasibility testing. The results show that the design of monitoring system run well according to its function which is able to give info of the condition of a room in real time, can run according to the school's need for monitoring and supervision, as well as what options are given to monitor the space that is efficient and practical.
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Serpa, Talita, Celso Fernando Rocha i Diva Cardoso De Camargo. "The Goodland & Colchie’s Stylistic Pattern in a Translational Process for Brazilianisms compared with Brazilian Literary Works present in Translational English Corpus (Tec)". Tradterm 33 (17.05.2019): 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2317-9511.v33i0p5-25.
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This article aims at analyzing possible stylistic patterns related to the translational process of brazilianisms present in a Darcy Ribeiro’s work, Maíra (1978), comparing it to other translations of Brazilian publications which integrate the Translational English Corpus (TEC). We base our research on canonical works of Corpus-Based Translation Studies (OLOHAN: 2001; BAKER: 1992 1993 1995; CAMARGO: 2005 2007), as well as of Terminology (FAULSTICH: 1995 2001 2002; BARBOSA: 2006), in order to investigate the sociocultural data by the use of WordSmith Tools - version 4.0 (SCOTT: 2004) and TEC Tools. We intend to promote a reflexive observation of brazilianisms, with regard to variation and loans, providing subsidies for the comprehension of translation as a social and linguistic behaviour.
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Al-Dherwi, Saleh Abdullah Ahmed, i Adel Abdulkhaliq Abdulkareem Dalol. "CONSISTENCY IN TRANSLATING THE DIVINE NAME AL-'ALĪM IN THE HOLY QURĀN". Electronic Journal of University of Aden for Humanity and Social Sciences 3, nr 4 (31.12.2022): 383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.47372/ejua-hs.2022.4.211.
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Translating the meaning of the Holy Qurān includes translating the meanings of the Divine Names, which are related to the Almighty Allah. This study focused on the consistency of three modern translations in translating the most recurred Divine Name in the Holy Qurān, Al-'Alīm, which recurred one hundred and fifty-three times as traced by researcher. Al-'Alīm, the All-Knower, which refers to El-'elim, 'knowledge. Al-'Alīm is the one whose knowledge encompasses everything. This study is comparative as it compared the ST with the TT. On the other hand, it is descriptive on the base that it investigated the consistency of specific translations. The researcher built a corpus then analysed the data quantitatively and qualitatively. The study proved that one translation only was absolutely consistent, but the other two showed less consistency.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Bash Translation"
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Jiang, Shangpu. "Knowledge Base Refinement and Knowledge Translation with Markov Logic Networks". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/19724.
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Machine learning and data mining have provided plenty of tools for extracting knowledge from data. Yet, such knowledge may not be directly applicable to target applications and might need further manipulation: The knowledge might contain too much noise, or the target application may use a different representation or terminology.
In this dissertation, we study three problems related to knowledge management and manipulation. First, given a knowledge base (KB) automatically extracted from the text, we explore how to refine it based on the dependencies among the possible KB instances and their confidence values. Second, when the target application to which we want to apply our knowledge uses a different schema, we explore how to translate the knowledge based on the mapping between the schemas. Sometimes, the mapping between two schemas can be discovered automatically, so the third problem we consider is whether we can find the mapping more accurately using the corresponding knowledge contained in the two schemas.
We notice that a large fraction of data and knowledge can be represented in relational models, which can be formalized with first-order logic. Moreover, uncertainty is a common feature existing in these problems, e.g., the confidence values associated with the KB instances, the probabilistic knowledge rules to be translated, or the schemas not perfectly aligned with each other. Therefore, we adopt statistical relational learning, which combines first-order logic with probabilistic models, to resolve these problems. In particular, we use Markov logic networks (MLNs), which consist of sets of weighted first-order formulas. MLNs are a powerful and flexible language for representing hard and soft constraints of relational domains.
We develop the MLN formulations for each of these problems, and we use the representation, inference and learning approaches in the literature with certain
adaptations to solve them. The experiment results show that MLNs successfully provide solutions to these problems or achieve better performances than the existing methods.
This dissertation includes previously published and unpublished coauthored material.
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Neudecker, Hannah. "The Turkish Bible translation by Yaḥia bin 'Isḥaḳ, also called H̲aki : 1659 /". Leiden : [s.n.], 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36699023x.
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Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van Doctor--Faculteit der godgeleerdheid--Leiden--Rijksuniversiteit, 1994.Contient la translittération en caractères latins du texte de la traduction turque des livres de Samuel, et en annexe le fac-sim. du manuscrit, en caractères arabes, de cette trad. Remerciements, résumé et curriculum vitae en néerlandais. Bibliogr. p. 401-404.
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Wei, Yulong. "The Roles of Stop Codons and 3’ Flanking Base in Bacterial Translation Termination Efficiency". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35529.
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Understanding translation efficiency is crucial to pharmaceutical companies that have invested substantial time and effort in engineering bacteria to produce recombinant proteins. While translation initiation and elongation have been studied intensively, much remains obscure in the subprocess of translation termination. We aim to understand how stop codons and the first 3’ flanking (+4) base affect translation termination efficiency.
In chapter two, we hypothesized that stop codon usage of UAG and UGA is dependent on the abundance of their respective decoders, RF1 and RF2. We predicted and observed that bacterial species with high relative proportions of RF1 uses UAG more, and vice versa for UGA. In addition, the usage of UGA, not UAG, is always avoided in highly expressed genes. Thus, we argued against the claim made by a recent study that UAG is a minor stop codon in bacteria. The claim is incorrect because UAG does not meet the two criteria of a minor codon: i) it is most avoided in highly expressed genes, and ii) it corresponds to the least abundant decoder. Interestingly, we found that the proportion of RF2 decreases rapidly towards zero in species with high AT contents; this explains why UGA is reassigned to a sense codon in bacterial lineages with high AT content.
In chapter three, we examined the role of the first downstream (+4) base Uracil in bacterial translation termination. The +4U is associated with a decrease in stop codon read-through in bacteria and yeast. We hypothesized that i) +4U enhances the termination efficiency of stop signals, and ii) +4U may serve to prevent stop codon misreading by near cognate tRNAs (nc_tRNAs). We predicted that i) +4U is preferred in highly expressed genes (HEGs) than lowly expressed genes (LEGs), and ii) +4U usage increases with the frequency of stop codon nc_tRNAs. We found +4U consistently over-represented in HEGs in contrast to LEGs; however, +4U usage in HEGs decreases in GC-rich species where most stop codons are UGA and UAG. In addition, +4U usage increases significantly with UAA usage in the known highly expressed ribosomal protein genes. These results suggest that +4U is a strong stop signal enhancer for UAA, not UAG or UGA. Furthermore, in HEGs, +4U usage also increases significantly with the abundance of UAA nc_tRNAs, suggesting that +4U increases UAA termination efficiency presumably by reducing misreading of UAA by nc_tRNAs.
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Tomeh, Nadi. "Discriminative Alignment Models For Statistical Machine Translation". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00720250.
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Bitext alignment is the task of aligning a text in a source language and its translation in the target language. Aligning amounts to finding the translational correspondences between textual units at different levels of granularity. Many practical natural language processing applications rely on bitext alignments to access the rich linguistic knowledge present in a bitext. While the most predominant application for bitexts is statistical machine translation, they are also used in multilingual (and monolingual) lexicography, word sense disambiguation, terminology extraction, computer-aided language learning andtranslation studies, to name a few.Bitext alignment is an arduous task because meaning is not expressed seemingly across languages. It varies along linguistic properties and cultural backgrounds of different languages, and also depends on the translation strategy that have been used to produce the bitext.Current practices in bitext alignment model the alignment as a hidden variable in the translation process. In order to reduce the complexity of the task, such approaches suppose that a word in the source sentence is aligned to one word at most in the target sentence.However, this over-simplistic assumption results in asymmetric, one-to-many alignments, whereas alignments are typically symmetric and many-to-many.To achieve symmetry, two one-to-many alignments in opposite translation directions are built and combined using a heuristic.In order to use these word alignments in phrase-based translation systems which use phrases instead of words, a heuristic is used to extract phrase pairs that are consistent with the word alignment.In this dissertation we address both the problems of word alignment and phrase pairs extraction.We improve the state of the art in several ways using discriminative learning techniques.We present a maximum entropy (MaxEnt) framework for word alignment.In this framework, links are predicted independently from one another using a MaxEnt classifier.The interaction between alignment decisions is approximated using stackingtechniques, which allows us to account for a part of the structural dependencies without increasing the complexity. This formulation can be seen as an alignment combination method,in which the union of several input alignments is used to guide the output alignment. Additionally, input alignments are used to compute a rich set of feature functions.Our MaxEnt aligner obtains state of the art results in terms of alignment quality as measured by thealignment error rate, and translation quality as measured by BLEU on large-scale Arabic-English NIST'09 systems.We also present a translation quality informed procedure for both extraction and evaluation of phrase pairs. We reformulate the problem in the supervised framework in which we decide for each phrase pair whether we keep it or not in the translation model. This offers a principled way to combine several features to make the procedure more robust to alignment difficulties. We use a simple and effective method, based on oracle decoding,to annotate phrase pairs that are useful for translation. Using machine learning techniques based on positive examples only,these annotations can be used to learn phrase alignment decisions. Using this approach we obtain improvements in BLEU scores for recall-oriented translation models, which are suitable for small training corpora.
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Nelson, Lee David. "THE CHORALE CANTATAS OF FELIX MENDELSSOHN-BARTHOLDY: AN EXAMINATION OF MENDELSSOHN'S TRANSLATION OF J.S. BACH'S MUSICAL SYNTAX AND FORM". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194182.
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In this study I examine the genesis and compositional purpose of Mendelssohn's seven chorale cantatas which include "Christe, du Lamm Gottes" (1827); "Jesu, meine Freude" (1828); "Wer nur den lieben Gott läßt walten" (1829); "O Haupt voll Blut und Wunden" (1830); "Vom Himmel hoch" (1831); "Wir Glauben all an einem Gott" (1831); and "Ach Gott, vom Himmel sieh’ darein" (1832). I also re-examine the widely held belief that Mendelssohn's chorale cantatas were juvenilia, functioning only as compositional exercises to better learn the style of J.S. Bach. My examination includes a stylistic analysis of each cantata that shows a direct deviation from an imitation of Bach's musical syntax and form to a re-creation of the chorale cantata genre using nineteenth-century idioms. My approach to analysis is modeled after that of James Garratt, who has done a great deal of research on Mendelssohn's psalm settings. These works, like the chorale cantatas, have also been criticized for being compositional exercises that imitate Palestrina's musical syntax and form. Garratt believes that by using a literary method called translation theory, one can gain an unbiased assessment and evaluation of compositions that are based on pre-existent models. I have applied the tenets of translation theory as the foundation for my analysis to determine if the chorale cantatas were imitations of Bach's model or re-creations of the genre. This approach provides, as Garratt states, "a means of differentiating between the degree of affinity that links the works of Mendelssohn...and [his] models." The stylistic analysis also illustrates how the chorale cantatas are exemplars of Mendelssohn's compositional style. Unique characteristics such as Mendelssohn's frank religious convictions; his perceptive and creative treatment of chorales; his understanding of Baroque forms and styles; and his remarkable contrapuntal prowess are all beautifully exemplified in the chorale cantatas. I conclude that instead of being regarded as archaic, compositional exercises, Mendelssohn's chorale cantatas can and should be viewed as seminal works in his sacred choral-orchestral output.
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Piñero, González Janet 1977. "Computational approaches and resources to support translational research in human diseases". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/328417.
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In the last two decades, the volume and variety of biomedical data has dramatically increased. The data is heterogeneous and scattered across many resources. This produces bottlenecks in the analysis and extraction of knowledge from this sea of information. To overcome this hurdle, better catalogs that integrate different data types, offer easy access to users, and support automatic workflows, are needed. With this in mind, we have developed DisGeNET, a discovery platform that contains information on more than 17,000 genes related to over 14,000 diseases. We have used DisGeNET to study the properties of disease genes in the context of protein interaction networks. To produce an accurate analysis of the mesoscale properties of the human interactome, we first compared the network partitions generated by two popular clustering algorithms, to assess how this would impact the follow-up biological analysis. Using the best performing algorithm we then explored the network properties of disease genes. Then we evaluated the relationship between the network properties of different groups of disease genes and their tolerance to likely deleterious germline variants across human populations. Finally, we have developed a new network medicine approach to study disease comorbidities, and applied it to the analysis of COPD comorbidities.Los avances tecnológicos de las últimas dos décadas han producido un incremento dramático en la cantidad y la diversidad de datos biomédicos disponibles. Este proceso ha ocurrido de manera fragmentada, y en consecuencia los datos se encuentran almacenados en distintos repositorios, lo cual impone barreras a la hora de integrarlos, analizarlos y extraer conocimiento a partir de ellos. Para superar estas barreras, es necesario contar con recursos computacionales que integren esta información, y ofrezcan un fácil acceso a la misma, permitiendo al mismo tiempo su análisis automatizado. En respuesta a esta necesidad hemos desarrollado DisGeNET, una plataforma orientada a la exploración de las causas genéticas de las enfermedades humanas, que contiene actualmente información sobre más de 14.000 enfermedades y 17.000 genes. En esta tesis, describimos el uso de DisGeNET para el estudio de las propiedades de los genes asociados a enfermedades en el contexto de redes de interacción entre proteínas. Para ello, evaluamos previamente cómo la utilización de distintos algoritmos de reconocimiento de comunidades en redes afecta a los resultados de los análisis e influencia su interpretación biológica. A continuación, caracterizamos las propiedades de redes de los genes asociados a enfermedades como conjunto y también en sub-grupos, empleando diferentes criterios de clasificaciones de las enfermedades. Posteriormente, evaluamos cómo estas propiedades están relacionadas con la tolerancia a mutaciones posiblemente deletéreas en distintos grupos de genes, mediante el análisis de datos generados por las nuevas tecnologías de secuenciación. Finalmente, desarrollamos una nueva metodología de medicina de sistemas para explorar los mecanismos moleculares de la comorbilidades, y la aplicamos al estudio de las comorbilidades de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica
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Wu, Shuang. "Um estudo sobre a traducao de cartazes referentes aos eventos culturais de Macau com base na teoria funcionalista de nord". Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3958529.
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Grigoleto, Grace Gonçalves [UNESP]. "Análise de vocábulos recorrentes e preferenciais na obra As mulheres de Tijucopapo, de Marilene Felinto, e na respectiva tradução para o inglês The women of Tijucopapo, realizada por Irene Mathews, com base em aspectos de normalização". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93905.
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000641048.pdf: 764505 bytes, checksum: 32067ef8749a30efe912c85f09883a5e (MD5)O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a tradução de vocábulos considerados recorrentes e preferenciais na obra As mulheres de Tijucopapo, de Marilene Felinto, bem como observar possíveis tendências de normalização por parte da tradutora Irene Matthews na tradução para o inglês: The women of Tijucopapo. Esta pesquisa é parte de um projeto maior, o PETra – Padrões de Estilo de Tradutores, coordenado pela Profa. Dra. Diva Cardoso de Camargo. A metodologia situa-se no campo dos estudos da tradução baseados em corpus (proposta de Baker, 1993, 1995, 1996, 2000, 2004; estudos sobre normalização de Scott, 1998; e pesquisas de Camargo, 2005, 2007), e no da linguística de corpus (estudos de Berber Sardinha, 2003, 2004); também se apoia na fortuna crítica da autora (trabalhos de Araújo, 2006; Bailey, 2010; Fiorucci, 2009; Gonçalves, 2001; Jacomel, 2008; Santos, 2005; Schmidt, 2009; Vieira, 2001; Wanderley, 2009 e Xavier, 2003). A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de uma combinação de análises semimanuais e de análises computadorizadas. Inicialmente, utilizamos o programa WordSmith Tools para obter a frequência das palavras na obra de Felinto. Em seguida, utilizamos a ferramenta KeyWords para identificar quais seriam as palavras-chave presentes no romance. Após esse levantamento, recorremos à fortuna crítica de Felinto e definimos cinco vocábulos considerados preferenciais da autora:homem, mulheres, chuva, amor e égua. Com base em Scott (1998), examinamos a tradução dos cinco vocábulos em relação a nove características de normalização. Os resultados encontrados nesta pesquisa mostram que a tradutora Irene Matthews tende a usar estratégias que podem ser identificadas como características de normalização
This thesis aims at analyzing the translation of words considered recurring and preferred in the novel As mulheres de Tijucopapo, by Marilene Felinto, as well as observing possible tendencies of normalization by the translator Irene Matthews in the translation to English: The women of Tijucopapo. This research is part of a bigger project, the PETra (Padrões de Estilo de Tradutores), coordinated by Doc. Diva Cardoso de Camargo. The methodology employed is that of corpus-based translation studies (proposed by Baker, 1993, 1995, 1996, 2000, 2004; Scott‘s study concerning normalization, 1998; and Camargo‘s research studies, 2005, 2007), and that of corpus linguistics (Berber Sardinha‘s study, 2003, 2004). We also base our study on Felinto‘s critical heritage (studies by Araújo, 2006; Bailey, 2010; Fiorucci, 2009; Gonçalves, 2001; Jacomel, 2008; Santos, 2005; Schmidt, 2009; Vieira, 2001; Wanderley, 2009, and Xavier, 2003). The research was carried out by means of a combination of semi- manual and computerized analyses. Initially, we used the computer software WordSmith Tools to obtain the frequency of the words in Felinto‘s book. Then, we went on to use the tool KeyWords to identify which would be the keywords in the author‘s novel. After collecting these data, we used Felinto‘s critical heritage in order to select five words that could be considered as recurring and preferred in Felinto‘s writing: 'homem‘ ('man‟), 'mulheres‘ ('women)‘, 'chuva‘ ('rain‘), 'amor‘ ('love‘) and 'égua‘ ('mare‘). Based on Scott (1998), we analyzed the translation of the five selected words in relation to nine normalization features. The results obtained in this study show that the translator Irene Matthews tends to use strategies that may be identified as features of normalization
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Chen, Julia. "Preparacao do interprete de simultanea para os julgamentos de processos-crime no Tribunal Judicial de Base". Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2129811.
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Tyagi, Kshitiz. "A systems biology approach unravels the biological function of two tRNA wobble base modifications in fine-tuning translation and the response to environmental stress". Thesis, University of Dundee, 2014. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/32e734c5-198d-4c8a-9f56-7d5d19d1ef3d.
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tRNA molecules undergo extensive post-transcriptional modifications to produce several variations of the four canonical nucleotides. Despite the huge number of nucleotide modifications that have been identified in tRNAs, to date their biological roles and regulations continue to be poorly understood. The uridines at the wobble position of the eukaryotic cytoplasmic tRNAs tKUUU, tQUUG and tEUUC are methoxycarbonylmethylated and thiolated to form mcm5s2U34 by the ELP- and URM1-pathways, respectively. Several in vitro experiments have implicated these modifications in modulating wobbling capacity. Moreover, mutations in the ELP- and URM1-pathway genes have been associated with physiological defects in several organisms, including complex neurological disorders in humans. In this thesis we used a systems biology approach to study the in vivo functional relevance of mcm5s2U34. A sensitive, robust and quantitative proteomics workflow was developed and applied to investigate differential proteome composition in budding yeast mutants deficient in U34 modifications. We find that, in vivo and under normal conditions, mcm5s2U34 fine tunes proteome composition by ensuring efficient translation of mRNAs biased for AAA, CAA and GAA codons. Importantly, our results connect these tRNA modifications with various cellular stress response pathways. Follow up analyses of yeast cells subjected to environmental stresses were conducted and led to the discovery that the biosynthesis of mcm5s2U34 is dynamically regulated in response to growth conditions in a URM1-pathway dependent fashion. We propose that this regulation allows the cells to adjust their translational capacity during unfavourable growth conditions and contributes to the management of the environmental stress response. Overall, this thesis presents the first extensive investigation of the functional relevance of tRNA nucleotide modifications and reports one of the few known cases wherein cells regulate the levels of modified nucleotides to fine tune their metabolism in response to environmental cues. We expect that dynamic modulation of RNA modifications will prove to be a more general regulatory mechanism of cellular processes. The experimental and analytical approaches presented in this dissertation will provide a general framework for future studies in this field.
Książki na temat "Bash Translation"
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Král, Petr. Notions de base: Proses. Paris: Flammarion, 2005.
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Bach, Johann Sebastian. J.S. Bach, the vocal texts in English translation with commentary. [Philadelphia]: Xlibris Corp., 2005.
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Matsuo, Bashō. Basho: The complete haiku. Tokyo: Kodansha International, 2008.
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Matsuo, Bashō. Basho: The complete haiku. Tokyo: Kodansha International, 2008.
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Steve, McCaffery, red. The Basho variations. Toronto: BookThug, 2007.
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The chorales of the organ works: Tunes, texts, and translations. Colfax, North Carolina: Wayne Leupold Editions, 2018.
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Recueil de chansons épiques d'Afrique: Bassa-Cameroun, Bambara-Mali et Sénégal, Mossi-Burkina Faso : les confidences de l'eau au soleil. Paris: Harmattan, 2008.
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Proverbes et expressions bassa: Traduits en français. Paris: L'Harmattan, 2012.
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Mbenda, Emmanuel. Proverbes b̳àsàa du Cameroun: Màn̳gèn ma b̳àsàa b̳a Kamèrûn. Paris: L'Harmattan, 2014.
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Langaz Kreol langaz maron: Étymologie, langue-base, deux concepts coloniaux : with Mauritian Creole translation. Port Louis, Republic of Mauritius: Ledikasyon pu travayer, 2004.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Bash Translation"
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Zhu, Chunshen. "Touching base with text". W Fathoming Translation as Discursive Experience, 131–54. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429443497-6.
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Rousseau, David, Jennifer Wilby, Julie Billingham i Stefan Blachfellner. "The Knowledge Base of General Systemology". W Translational Systems Sciences, 79–104. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0892-4_5.
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Basu, D., i J. K. Ghosh. "Invariant Sets for Translation-Parameter Families of Measures". W Selected Works of Debabrata Basu, 115–27. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5825-9_21.
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Lombez, Christine. "Chapter 8. Les traductions littéraires dans les périodiques français sous l’Occupation et leur exploitation dans la base de données TSOcc". W Literary Translation in Periodicals, 203–22. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/btl.155.08lom.
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Nitta, Yoshihiko. "Foreign Language Education Using Classical Transfer-Base Machine Translation Technique". W Recent Advances in Computer Science and Information Engineering, 443–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25766-7_59.
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Quicke, Donald L. J., Buntika A. Butcher i Rachel A. Kruft Welton. "Working with DNA sequences and other character data." W Practical R for biologists: an introduction, 284–96. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245349.0024.
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Abstract This chapter describes the use of an internet-based statistical analysis (R) for manipulating nucleotide sequences such as reverse-complementing and complementing, translating DNA to RNA and converting base sequences to amino acids. A few examples that introduce some more useful R functions are also included.
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Quicke, Donald L. J., Buntika A. Butcher i Rachel A. Kruft Welton. "Working with DNA sequences and other character data." W Practical R for biologists: an introduction, 284–96. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245349.0284.
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Abstract This chapter describes the use of an internet-based statistical analysis (R) for manipulating nucleotide sequences such as reverse-complementing and complementing, translating DNA to RNA and converting base sequences to amino acids. A few examples that introduce some more useful R functions are also included.
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García, Miguel, Jesús Giménez i Lluís Màrquez. "Enriching Statistical Translation Models Using a Domain-Independent Multilingual Lexical Knowledge Base". W Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing, 306–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00382-0_25.
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Monti, Giorgio, Marco Vailati i Roberto Marnetto. "Base Isolation and Translation of a Strategic Building Under a Preservation Order". W Earthquakes and Their Impact on Society, 433–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21753-6_16.
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Ali, Saba Rasheed, Sean Flanagan, Aurora Pham i Kimberly Howard. "Translating the Career Development Knowledge Base for Practitioners and Policy Makers". W The Handbook of Career and Workforce Development, 227–42. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315714769-12.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenia konferencji na temat "Bash Translation"
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Bharadwaj, Shikhar, i Shirish Shevade. "Explainable Natural Language to Bash Translation using Abstract Syntax Tree". W Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.conll-1.20.
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Bharadwaj, Shikhar, i Shirish Shevade. "Efficient Constituency Tree based Encoding for Natural Language to Bash Translation". W Proceedings of the 2022 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.naacl-main.230.
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Katano, Yu, i Keita Ando. "Experimental Study of Free-Surface Deformation and Cavitation Bubble Dynamics in a Megasonic Cleaning Bath". W ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2019-5345.
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Abstract Underwater ultrasound causes various physical phenomena in megasonic cleaning baths, e.g. cavitation inception, bubble translation and free-surface deformation (FSD) due to acoustic radiation pressure. Because FSD is especially noticeable in the case of high frequency ultrasound due to its high directivity, it is essential to investigate the interaction between FSD and bubble translation in megasonic cleaning bath. In our present experiments, we construct a typical setup for megasonic cleaning and irradiate water with 1 MHz ultrasound vertically upwards. We visualize FSD and bubbles and analyze the height of FSD and the translational velocity in frequency space. The bubbles translate in both short and long time scales caused by bubble-bubble interaction and periodic FSD, respectively, and the latter has periodicity. The most dominant frequency component in FSD shows good agreement with that in the translational velocity of the bubbles and does not depend on whether cavitation occurs or not. Therefore, it is suggested that FSD causes periodicity of bubble translation.
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Chen, Xi, i Mingfu Liao. "Steady-State Characteristics of a Dual-Rotor System With Intershaft Bearing Subjected to Mass Unbalance and Base Motions". W ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-75215.
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A dual-rotor system with an intershaft bearing subjected to mass unbalance and base motions is established. Using Lagrange’s principle, equations of motion for dual-rotor system relative to moving base are derived. Rotary inertia, gyroscopic inertia, transverse shear deformation, mass unbalance, and six components of deterministic base motions are taken into account. Using state-space vector, steady-state characteristics of dual-rotor system are analyzed through dual-rotor critical speed map, mode shapes, unbalance responses considering base rotations, frequency responses due to base motions, and shaft orbits. The results show that base translations just add external force vectors, while base rotations bring on parametric system matrices and additional force vectors. Base rotations not only change natural frequencies of dual-rotor system, but also break the symmetry of dynamic characteristics in the case of base lateral rotation. Excited by base harmonic translation, resonant frequencies correspond to whirl frequencies. The orbit remains circular under base axial rotation, while it becomes elliptical with a static offset under lateral rotation and then a complicated curve due to harmonic translation. When harmonic frequency of base translation gets close to dual-rotor excitation frequencies, obvious beat vibration appears. Overrall, this flexible approach can ensure calculation accuracy with high efficiency and good expandability.
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Taniguchi, Tomoyo. "Rocking Response of Unanchored Flat-Bottom Cylindrical Shell Tanks Subjected to Horizontal Base Excitation: Part I — Rigid Bottom Plate". W ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-2122.
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The rocking dynamics of the tank is discussed by introducing the rock-translation interaction. The centrifugal, inertia and Coriolis forces accompanied with non-inertial coordinate system are incorporated into the conventional and translational tank-liquid system. Moreover, the reaction forces from the tank-liquid system are taken rocking system into account. As the beginning of series researches, using a rigid cylinder and a tank with rigid bottom plate, the necessity of the rock-translation interaction for evaluating rocking responses of the tank is highlighted. In addition, the sufficient friction to enter and sustain a rocking motion of the tank is discussed based on time histories of horizontal and vertical reaction forces on the pivoting edge.
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Davis, Ian J., Mike Wexler, Cheng Zhang, Richard C. Holt i Theresa Weber. "Bash2py: A bash to Python translator". W 2015 IEEE 22nd International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/saner.2015.7081866.
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Chen, Xi, i Mingfu Liao. "Transient Characteristics of a Dual-Rotor System With Intershaft Bearing Subjected to Mass Unbalance and Base Motions During Start-Up". W ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-75227.
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Using Newmark-Hilber-Hughes-Taylor (Newmark-HHT) integration method, transient characteristics of the dual-rotor system with an intershaft bearing subjected to mass unbalance and base motions during start-up are illustrated. Rotary inertia, gyroscopic moment, shear deformation, mass unbalance and deterministic base motions are considered. Due to variable angular velocities, additional stiffness matrices associated with rotating angular accelerations are also introduced in the equations of motion. The effects of base motion parameters on the dynamic characteristics of the dual-rotor system are discussed, including base axial rotation, lateral rotations, and harmonic translations. The results show that base axial rotation significantly changes the transient critical speeds and resonant amplitudes of the dual-rotor system. In the case of base lateral rotation, the center of the orbit is no longer on the bearing centerline, but with a dynamic offset. When increasing the rotating speeds, the dynamic offset becomes greater. Unlike base lateral rotation, base harmonic translation doesn’t result in dynamic offset, but it amplifies response amplitudes over the entire range of rotating speed. In conclusion, it provides a flexible approach with high efficiency and good expandability to predict transient responses of dual-rotor systems under base motions, and to prevent dual-rotor systems against potential excessive vibration in the design phase.
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Shen, I. Y. "Closed-Form Forced Response of a Damped, Rotating, Multiple Disks/Spindle System". W ASME 1996 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-1070.
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Abstract This paper is to study forced vibration response of a rotating disk/spindle system consisting of multiple flexible circular disks clamped to a rigid spindle supported by two flexible bearings. In particular, the disk/spindle system is subjected to prescribed translational base excitations as well as externally applied loads. Because of the bearing flexibility, the rigid spindle undergoes infinitesimal rigid-body rotation and translation simultaneously. To model real vibration response that has finite resonance amplitudes, the disks and the bearings are assumed to be viscously damped. Equations of motion are then derived through use of Rayleigh dissipation function and Lagrange’s equation. The equations of motion include three sets of matrix differential equations: one for the rigid-body rocking of the spindle and one-nodal-diameter disk modes, one for the axial translation of the spindle and axisymmetric disk modes, and one for disk modes with two or more nodal diameters. Each matrix differential equation contains either a gyroscopic matrix or a damping matrix or both. The causal Green’s function of each matrix differential equation is determined explicitly in closed form through use of matrix inversion and inverse Laplace transforms. Closed-form forced response of the damped rotating disk/spindle system is then obtained from the causal Green’s function and the generalized forces through convolution integrals. Finally, responses of a disk/spindle system subjected to a concentrated sinusoidal load or an impulsive load are demonstrated numerically as an example.
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Koniashvili, I. O. "TRANSLATION AS A MEANS OF COMMUNICATION BETWEEN CULTURES AND THE PROBLEM OF FUNCTIONAL ADEQUACY OF POLYSEMIC WORDS ON THE BASIS OF THE ORIGINAL AND ENGLISH VERSIONS OF «THE MARTYRDOM OF THE BLESSED QUEEN SHUSHANIK» BY IAKOB TSURTAVELI". W Proceedings of the XXV International Scientific and Practical Conference. RS Global Sp. z O.O., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_conf/25012021/7357.
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The present paper deals with the importance of communication and translation as a means of communication between cultures. It also highlights the intra and extra linguistic factors that are significant for translator works and thus, effective communication. In this respect the paper is an attempt to represent the equivalents of Georgian polysemic words within the frame of paradigms and syntactical functions on the basis of two English versions of Georgian hagiographic text, of the V century AD, The Martyrdom of the Blessed Queen Shushanik by Iakob Tsurtaveli. The Paper deals with the problem of reference between the notions and subjects, the process of decoding and the reasons for possible simultaneous misconceptions or misunderstanding. It also outlines the formation of a concept word through the linguistic-stylistic studies of the information by both translators which in turn provides the correct perception of the hagiographic text for the English speaking reader. The research is base don comparative and component analysis.
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Shumkova, Anastasia. "THE USAGE OF DIDACTIC POTENTIAL OF TRIZ IN TEACHING ENGLISH LANGUAGE AT HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION". W ЯЗЫК. КУЛЬТУРА. ПЕРЕВОД = LANGUAGE. CULTURE. TRANSLATION. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/lct.2019.40.
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The author of the given article points out the necessity of applying the methods of problem-oriented teaching and introducing problem tasks into the modern education program at the university. As a tool for realization of the given approach, the author proposes to use the theory of solving inventive problems (TRIZ), which contributes to the development of non-trivial creative thinking of students and the prevention of psychological inertia.The article gives examples of assignments developed on the base of methods of TRIZ-pedagogics and aimed at the formation of communicative competence of junior students of language universities.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Bash Translation"
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Thompson, J. J. S., i M. R. Munro. La base nationale de données toponymiques - compte rendu des travaux (translation). Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/298202.
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Ball, J. R. Base de données toponymiques de l'Ontario : compte rendu d'une étude des besoins des utilisateurs (translation). Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/298200.
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Kriegel, Francesco. Learning General Concept Inclusions in Probabilistic Description Logics. Technische Universität Dresden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.220.
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Probabilistic interpretations consist of a set of interpretations with a shared domain and a measure assigning a probability to each interpretation. Such structures can be obtained as results of repeated experiments, e.g., in biology, psychology, medicine, etc. A translation between probabilistic and crisp description logics is introduced and then utilised to reduce the construction of a base of general concept inclusions of a probabilistic interpretation to the crisp case for which a method for the axiomatisation of a base of GCIs is well-known.
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Stern, David, i Gadi Schuster. Manipulation of Gene Expression in the Chloroplast. United States Department of Agriculture, wrzesień 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7575289.bard.
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The steady-state level of a given mRNA is determined by its rates of transcription and degradation. The stabilities of chloroplast mRNAs vary during plant development, in part regulating gene expression. Furthermore, the fitness of the organelle depends on its ability to destroy non-functional transcripts. In addition, there is a resurgent interest by the biotechnology community in chloroplast transformation due to the public concerns over pollen transmission of introduced traits or foreign proteins. Therefore, studies into basic gene expression mechanisms in the chloroplast will open the door to take advantage of these opportunities. This project was aimed at gaining mechanistic insights into mRNA processing and degradation in the chloroplast and to engineer transcripts of varying stability in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells. This research uncovered new and important information on chloroplast mRNA stability, processing, degradation and translation. In particular, the processing of the 3' untranslated regions of chloroplast mRNAs was shown to be important determinants in translation. The endonucleolytic site in the 3' untranslated region was characterized by site directed mutagensis. RNA polyadenylation has been characterized in the chloroplast of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and chloroplast transformants carrying polyadenylated sequences were constructed and analyzed. Data obtained to date suggest that chloroplasts have gene regulatory mechanisms which are uniquely adapted to their post-endosymbiotic environment, including those that regulate RNA stability. An exciting point has been reached, because molecular genetic studies have defined critical RNA-protein interactions that participate in these processes. However, much remains to be learned about these multiple pathways, how they interact with each other, and how many nuclear genes are consecrated to overseeing them. Chlamydomonas is an ideal model system to extend our understanding of these areas, given its ease of manipulation and the existing knowledge base, some of which we have generated.
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Zhytaryuk, Marian. Ukraine in the international press in 1930 (on the materials of the Lviv newspaper «Dilo»). Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, luty 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2022.51.11413.
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In the article of Professor Maryan Zhytaryuk, it is implemented the systematization of publications in the international press of 1930 about Ukraine on the materials of the Lviv newspaper «Dilo». Important political issues, in particular: Bolshevism in Soviet Ukraine, the massacre of the Ukrainian intelligentsia (Union for the Liberation of Ukraine), the interpretation of the «Ukrainian political problem» in European countries were singled out and generalized. The topicality of the article subject follows from the need to supplement the materials on the study of the «Ukrainian question», from the understanding that the interwar period, mainly in the 30s of the twentieth century, is a concentrated historical and political period, that is represented on newspaper and magazine columns. During the decade (30s of the twentieth century) – there were thousands of them. For example, in the newspaper «Dilo» only in the first three months of 1930 we can find more than 100 publications on international subjects. Therefore, the author narrowed the research materials to translated materials in the genres of press round-up, review, digest of publications in the foreign press. The purpose of the article is to focus on Ukrainian issues in the international press based on translations and comments on foreign publications in the newspaper «Dilo» in 1930. The task of the publication is to comprehend the identified texts in the context of geopolitical construction on the eve of World War II; to supplement the history of Ukrainian and foreign journalism and its source base. In the article the author uses the method of scientific study of primary sources found in the special funds of the Scientific Library of LNU. I. Franko, in particular, the bundles of the newspaper «Dilo» for 1930. 252 publications were processed, some of which - in several submissions. Based on scientific summarizing, 15 publications on political issues with the keyword «Ukraine» were selected on the basis of translated sources from foreign media (scientific research method). Actually with the purpose of understanding the raised issues (conceptual analysis) and of preparing some certain conclusions and generalizations (methods of synthesis, induction and deduction) the problem-thematic analysis was used.
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Parsons, Helen M. Nutrition as Prevention for Improved Cancer Health Outcomes. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), maj 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer260.
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Objective. To understand the evidence base for nutrition interventions delivered prior to or during cancer treatment for preventing and treating negative cancer and cancer treatment–related outcomes among individuals with or at risk for malnutrition. The primary purpose was to inform the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Pathways to Prevention workshop Nutrition as Prevention for Improved Cancer Health Outcomes, held July 26–28, 2022. Data sources. We searched Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to identify studies from 2000 through July 2022. We conducted grey literature searches to identify additional resources relevant to the associated costs or value (e.g., cost-effectiveness, cost-benefit) of nutrition interventions. Review methods. The review was guided by a set of Key Questions established by the NIH planning committee for the Nutrition as Prevention for Improved Cancer Health Outcomes workshop. We searched for studies that evaluated a broad range of nutrition interventions (e.g., dietary supplements, nutrition support, nutrition counseling) for preventing and treating negative outcomes of cancer and cancer-related treatment. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with enrollment ≥50 participants. We extracted basic study information from all eligible studies, then grouped studies by broad intervention and cancer types. We provide a detailed evidence map for all included studies, but conducted risk of bias and additional qualitative descriptions of outcomes for only those intervention and cancer types with a larger volume of literature. Results. We identified 9,798 unique references, with 206 studies from 219 publications reporting RCTs of nutrition interventions to potentially improve negative outcomes of cancer and cancer-related treatment. Two decades of randomized trial evidence on nutrition interventions for adults prior to and/or during cancer treatment primarily focused on dietary supplements, nutrition support (including oral nutrition supplements), and the route or timing of nutrition interventions for gastrointestinal and head and neck cancers in the inpatient setting. Most studies evaluated changes in body weight/composition, adverse events, length of hospital stay, and quality of life. Few studies were conducted within the U.S. setting. Among intervention and cancer types with a high volume of literature (n=114), which predominantly included studies in dietary supplements and nutrition support in gastrointestinal and head and neck cancers, 11 percent (n=12) were rated as low risk of bias (higher quality), 40 percent (n=46) medium risk of bias, and 49 percent (n=56) high risk of bias (lower quality). Low and medium risk-of-bias studies reported mixed results on the effect of nutrition interventions across cancer and treatment-related outcomes. Although the evidence map shows a large volume of studies evaluating nutrition interventions and outcomes, these studies showed high heterogeneity across study populations, interventions, and outcomes (measure definitions, timing of measurements), even within nutrition intervention categories; as a result, we could not aggregate results. While studies enrolled individuals from multiple cancer types, treatments, and stages, across the lifespan, with varying degrees of muscle wasting, and in those with a range of comorbid conditions, no eligible studies specifically evaluated whether the effects of nutrition interventions on preventing negative outcomes varied across these characteristics. Among studies included in our Key Questions, we found that few (4%, n=8) published cost or value (e.g., cost-effectiveness, cost-benefit) information related to the intervention. In our grey literature search of additional studies examining cost or value of nutrition interventions, we found few studies that conducted cost-effectiveness or cost-benefit analyses; among those that did, we found the studies were conducted in non-U.S. health systems and demonstrated mixed results on the value of nutrition interventions. Conclusions. Although overall RCT evidence focused on a wide range of nutrition interventions, studies were concentrated in use of dietary supplements, nutrition support, and the route or timing of nutrition interventions within gastrointestinal and head and neck cancers in inpatient settings. Among interventions with the highest volume of literature, the majority of studies were rated as high risk of bias. Our findings point to the need for rigorous new research to bolster the evidence base. Specifically, the field needs a more detailed future evaluation of a subset of nutrition interventions contained in this evidence map that focuses on priorities most relevant to specific stakeholders (e.g., oncologists, patients, dietitians, researchers, policymakers). Further, studies should be specifically designed to evaluate the main outcomes of interest for clinical practice. Future research would also benefit from creation of standardized taxonomies for interventions and outcomes as well as more rigorous design and reporting of nutrition interventions. As mentioned, heterogeneity of populations, interventions, comparators, and outcomes precluded aggregation. Currently, the quality and heterogeneity of the studies limit translation of findings into clinical practice or guidelines. In order to inform development of these guidelines, coordinated efforts are required to develop detailed conceptual frameworks for mechanisms of nutrition interventions most relevant to clinical care providers and patients. Such frameworks would help inform priorities for future research as well as guide practice and policy.