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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Bases de cycles minimum”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 14 grudnia 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Bases de cycles minimum"

Bradshaw, Zachary, i Richard H. Hammack. "Minimum cycle bases of direct products of graphs with cycles". Ars Mathematica Contemporanea 2, nr 1 (22.06.2009): 101–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26493/1855-3974.77.3d2.

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Mehlhorn, Kurt, i Dimitrios Michail. "Minimum cycle bases". ACM Transactions on Algorithms 6, nr 1 (grudzień 2009): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1644015.1644023.

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Xu, Mei. "Cycle Bases Structure of out Planar Graphs on the Projective Plane in Mechanics Engineering". Applied Mechanics and Materials 312 (luty 2013): 745–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.312.745.

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In this paper we investigate the cycle base structure of 2-connected graphs on the projective plane and show the minimum cycle bases of 2-connected outer planar graph G in the case of ew (G) 5. Then give a proof about the one-one property between the minimum cycle bases and the shortest no contractible cycles.

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Hellmuth, Marc, Philipp-Jens Ostermeier i Peter F. Stadler. "Minimum cycle bases of lexicographic products". Ars Mathematica Contemporanea 5, nr 2 (22.03.2012): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26493/1855-3974.172.8a7.

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Berger, Franziska, Peter Gritzmann i Sven de Vries. "Minimum Cycle Bases for Network Graphs". Algorithmica 40, nr 1 (28.05.2004): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00453-004-1098-x.

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Stadler, Peter F. "Minimum cycle bases of Halin graphs". Journal of Graph Theory 43, nr 2 (13.05.2003): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgt.10111.

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Ren, Han, i Mo Deng. "Minimum cycle bases of graphs on surfaces". Discrete Mathematics 307, nr 22 (październik 2007): 2654–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.disc.2006.11.020.

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Liu, Tsung-Hao, i Hsueh-I. Lu. "Minimum cycle bases of weighted outerplanar graphs". Information Processing Letters 110, nr 21 (październik 2010): 970–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ipl.2010.08.005.

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Horton, Joseph D., i Franziska Berger. "Minimum cycle bases of graphs over different fields". Electronic Notes in Discrete Mathematics 22 (październik 2005): 501–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.endm.2005.06.092.

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Carrasco, V. M. S., H. Hayakawa, C. Kuroyanagi, M. C. Gallego i J. M. Vaquero. "Strong evidence of low levels of solar activity during the Maunder Minimum". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 504, nr 4 (24.04.2021): 5199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1155.

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ABSTRACT The Maunder Minimum (MM) was a period of prolonged solar activity minimum between 1645 and 1715. Several works have identified a significant number of problematic spotless days in the MM included in existing data bases. We have found a list of exact spotless (in the second half of 1709) and spot days (January and August 1709) provided by Johann Heinrich Müller. We computed the most probable value and upper/lower limits of the active day fraction (ADF) from Müller's data using the hypergeometrical probability distribution. Our sample is not strictly random because Müller recorded observations in consecutive days when he observed sunspots. Therefore, our result represents an upper threshold of solar activity for 1709. We compared this result with annual values of the ADF calculated for the Dalton Minimum and the most recent solar cycles. We concluded that, although 1709 is one of the most active years in the MM, it was less active than most years both in the Dalton Minimum and in the most recent solar cycles. Therefore, the solar activity level estimated in this work for 1709 represents robust evidence of low solar activity levels in the MM.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Bases de cycles minimum"

Gleiss, Petra M., Josef Leydold i Peter F. Stadler. "Minimum Path Bases and Relevant Paths". Department of Statistics and Mathematics, Abt. f. Angewandte Statistik u. Datenverarbeitung, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2001. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1214/1/document.pdf.

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Given an undirected graph G(V,E) and a vertex subset U\subseteq V the U-space is the vector space over GF(2) spanned by the paths with end-points in U and the cycles in G(V,E). We extend Vismara's algorithm to the computation of the union of all minimum length bases of the U-space. (author's abstract)
Series: Preprint Series / Department of Applied Statistics and Data Processing

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Berger, Franziska [Verfasser]. "Minimum Cycle Bases in Graphs / Franziska Berger". Aachen : Shaker, 2004. http://d-nb.info/1170540007/34.

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Aboulfath, Ylene. "Algorithmes de graphes pour l'analyse des conformations de dynamique moléculaire". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASG063.

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La thèse présente une nouvelle méthode pour l'analyse et la comparaison de trajectoires de dynamique moléculaire basée sur l'algorithmique de graphes. Nous considérons une trajectoire comme une suite de graphes représentant l'évolution des liaisons chimiques entre les atomes d'une molécule en mouvement.Traditionnellement, l'analyse de dynamique moléculaire repose sur l'énergie potentielle, mais nous avons choisi de nous en abstraire et de proposer une méthode basée sur la topologie des graphes, en particulier celle des cycles. Au cours de l'évolution de la molécule, les cycles et leurs interactions représentent la structure de la molécule. Certains cycles différents peuvent cependant avoir un rôle similaire dans la structure, nous les qualifions alors de polymorphes. Partant de ces cycles polymorphes, nous définissons le polygraphe, un graphe représentatif de la dynamique d'une trajectoire, dans lequel les sommets sont des ensembles de cycles polymorphes.La thèse présente à la fois la méthodologie permettant le calcul et l'utilisation de ce polygraphe, ainsi que l'étude de la complexité des problèmes sous-jacents à sa construction.Dans le même temps, nous proposons plusieurs algorithmes pour répondre aux problèmes posés et obtenir ainsi un polygraphe. Par la suite, nos algorithmes sont évalués afin de définir un protocole de construction du polygraphe à partir d'une suite de graphes constituant une trajectoire.Enfin, nous présentons nos résultats sur l'utilisation du polygraphe pour l'analyse des trajectoires. Le polygraphe permet d'avoir une vue globale, tandis que des sous-polygraphes permettent de représenter la structure en cycles polymorphes de chacun des graphes de la trajectoire. De cette façon, si deux graphes d'une trajectoire ont le même sous-polygraphe alors, leurs structures sont équivalentes et nous pouvons conclure qu'il n'y a pas de différences structurelles majeures entre ces graphes. Nous répétons cela sur tous les graphes de la trajectoire afin de définir des ensembles de graphes qui correspondent à la même structure en cycles polymorphes
The thesis presents a new method for the analysis and comparison of molecular dynamics trajectories based on graph algorithms. We consider a trajectory as a sequence of graphs representing the evolution of chemical bonds between the atoms of a moving molecule.Traditionally, molecular dynamics analysis relies on potential energy, but we chose to abstract from this and propose a method based on graph topology, particularly that of cycles. During the molecule's evolution, the cycles and their interactions represent the structure of the molecule. However, some different cycles can play a similar role in the structure, and we then qualify them as polymorphic. From these polymorphic cycles, we define the polygraph, a representative graph of the trajectory's dynamics, where the vertices are sets of polymorphic cycles.The thesis presents both the methodology for calculating and using this polygraph, as well as the study of the complexity of the underlying problems in its construction.At the same time, we propose several algorithms to address the posed problems and thus obtain a polygraph. Subsequently, our algorithms are evaluated to define a protocol for constructing the polygraph from a sequence of graphs constituting a trajectory.Finally, we present our results on using the polygraph for trajectory analysis. The polygraph provides an overall view, while sub-polygraphs represent the polymorphic cycle structure of each graph in the trajectory. In this way, if two graphs in a trajectory have the same sub-polygraph, then their structures are equivalent, and we can conclude that there are no major structural differences between these graphs. We repeat this for all graphs in the trajectory to define sets of graphs that correspond to the same polymorphic cycle structure

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Gleiss, Petra M., Josef Leydold i Peter F. Stadler. "Interchangeability of Relevant Cycles in Graphs". Department of Statistics and Mathematics, Abt. f. Angewandte Statistik u. Datenverarbeitung, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1999. http://epub.wu.ac.at/898/1/document.pdf.

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The set R of relevant cycles of a graph G is the union of its minimum cycle bases. We introduce a partition of R such that each cycle in a class W can be expressed as a sum of other cycles in W and shorter cycles. It is shown that each minimum cycle basis contains the same number of representatives of a given class W. This result is used to derive upper and lower bounds on the number of distinct minimum cycle bases. Finally, we give a polynomial-time algorithm to compute this partition. (author's abstract)
Series: Preprint Series / Department of Applied Statistics and Data Processing

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Gleiss, Petra M., Josef Leydold i Peter F. Stadler. "Circuit Bases of Strongly Connected Digraphs". Department of Statistics and Mathematics, Abt. f. Angewandte Statistik u. Datenverarbeitung, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2001. http://epub.wu.ac.at/178/1/document.pdf.

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The cycle space of a strongly connected graph has a basis consisting of directed circuits. The concept of relevant circuits is introduced as a generalization of the relevant cycles in undirected graphs. A polynomial time algorithm for the computation of a minimum weight directed circuit basis is outlined. (author's abstract)
Series: Preprint Series / Department of Applied Statistics and Data Processing

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Su, Bei [Verfasser]. "Model-based investigation of nitrogen and oxygen cycles in the oxygen minimum zone of the eastern tropical South Pacific / Bei Su". Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2015. http://d-nb.info/107386846X/34.

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Leydold, Josef, i Peter F. Stadler. "Minimal Cycle Bases of Outerplanar Graphs". Department of Statistics and Mathematics, Abt. f. Angewandte Statistik u. Datenverarbeitung, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1998. http://epub.wu.ac.at/528/1/document.pdf.

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2-connected outerplanar graphs have a unique minimal cycle basis with length 2|E|-|V|. They are the only Hamiltonian graphs with a cycle basis of this length. (author's abstract)
Series: Preprint Series / Department of Applied Statistics and Data Processing

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Roger, Emmanuel Bernard. "Bases génétiques du polymorphisme de compatibilité dans l’interaction Schistosoma mansoni / Biomphalaria glabrata". Perpignan, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PERP0895.

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Afin d’identifier les déterminants moléculaires du polymorphisme de compatibilité dans l’interaction entre le parasite Schistosoma mansoni et l’hôte invertébré mollusque Biomphalaria glabrata, nous avons développé une approche protéomique comparative des souches de parasites compatible et incompatible vis-à-vis de la même souche de mollusque. Cette approche nous a permis d’identifier une nouvelle famille d’antigènes chez S. Mansoni. Ce sont des protéines de type mucines qui sont (i) exprimées spécifiquement dans les stades larvaires interagissant avec le mollusque, (ii) localisées dans la glande apicale et (iii) sécrétées et relarguées avec les produits d’excrétion-sécrétion. De plus, ces protéines de type mucine, présentant un haut degré de polymorphisme, ont été nommé « S. Mansoni Polymorphic Mucin », SmPoMuc. Nous avons ensuite montré que les SmPoMuc sont codées par une famille multigénique qui évolue selon le modèle de « birth and death ». Les gènes codant les SmPoMuc sont transcrits indépendamment, et pour chaque gène, différents transcrits peuvent être obtenus par épissage. De plus, nos résultats suggèrent que ce polymorphisme pourrait avoir des conséquences sur le statut de glycosylation des SmPoMuc. Nos résultats supportent l’idée que S. Mansoni a développé au cours de l’évolution des mécanismes complexes permettant de générer un haut niveau de polymorphisme des SmPoMuc. Par ailleurs, le fait que ce « chaos contrôlé » soit généré à partir d’un nombre limité de gènes est unique par rapport à ce qui a été décrit pour des variants polymorphes exprimés par d’autres parasites
To identify key molecules involved in the compatibility polymorphism in the Schistosoma mansoni / Biomphalaria glabrata model, we developed a comparative proteomics approach for the larval stages that interact with the invertebrate host. The qualitative and quantitative comparison of the proteomes of compatible and incompatible parasite strains led to the identification of a new family of schistosome antigens that share molecular characteristics with highly glycosylated secreted mucins. In particular, they possess a domain containing a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR). These proteins are (i) only expressed in larval stages interacting with the mollusc, (ii) located in the apical gland of miracidia and sporocysts and (iii) secreted and released in excretion-secretion products. Moreover, we show that these mucin-like proteins display a high degree of polymorphism and that extensive differences are observed between S. Mansoni strains. These different characteristics led us to name this novel molecular family “S. Mansoni Polymorphic Mucins” SmPoMuc. Next, we show that SmPoMuc are coded by a multi-gene family that evolve following the model of “birth and death”. SmPoMuc genes are transcribed in an individual-specific manner, and for each gene, multiple splice variants exist. The incidence of this polymorphism on SmPoMuc glycosylation status was demonstrated. Our data support the view that S. Mansoni has evolved a complex cascade of mechanisms – a “controlled chaos” – based on a relatively low number of genes that provides highly polymorphism to SmPoMuc

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Augot, Daniel. "Étude algèbrique des mots de poids minimum des codes cycliques, méthodes d'algèbre linéaire sur les corps finis". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00723227.

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Nous étudions les mots de poids minimal des codes correcteurs d'erreurs cycliques. Les fonctions symétriques élémentaires et les fonctions puissances des localisateurs de ces mots vérifient les identités de Newton. Dans le premier chapitre celles-ci sont étudiées comme un système d'équations algébriques, dont les solutions sont étudiées par transformation de Fourier. Dans le chapitre II, le lien est fait avec les codes correcteurs d'erreurs cycliques. Sur quelques exemples, il est montré comment étudier les mots de poids minimal sur la donnée d'une base standard de l'idéal engendré par les équations de Newton. Dans le chapitre III, les relations de Newton sont utilisées d'un point de vue théorique, et des résultats sur les mots de poids minimal de certains codes BCH sont obtenus. Ces calculs se placent dans le contexte de la théorie des corps finis. Dans le chapitre IV, un algorithme est développé pour calculer une base normale sur un corps fini. Un point de vue d'algèbre linéaire est choisi, et d'autres problèmes sont abordés (calcul du polynôme minimal, de la forme de Frobenius d'une matrice, lorsque la factorisation du polynôme caractéristique est connue).

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Santos, Caio Fernando Rodrigues dos 1986. "Orthogonal and minimum energy high-order bases for the finite element method = Bases ortogonais de alta ordem e de mínima energia para o método de elementos finitos". [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/265837.

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Orientador: Marco Lúcio Bittencourt
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T18:11:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_CaioFernandoRodriguesdos_D.pdf: 60307032 bytes, checksum: 4e05fc37f22f1d9206fa3c5665d9bc34 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015
Resumo: Nesse trabalho apresentamos os procedimentos de construção de bases para o Método de Elementos Finitos (MEF) de alta ordem considerando o procedimento de diagonalização simultânea dos modos internos da matriz de massa e rigidez unidimensionais e a ortogonalização dos modos de contorno usando procedimentos de mínima energia. Nesse caso, os conceitos de ortogonalização de mínima energia são usados como uma maneira eficiente de se construir modos de contorno ortogonais aos modos internos das funções de forma $1D$. Novas funções de forma unidimensionais para o MEF de alta ordem são apresentadas para a construção de bases simultaneamente diagonais de mínima energia para o operador de Helmholtz. Além disso, um procedimento para o cálculo das matrizes de massa e rigidez $2D$ e $3D$, como combinação dos coeficientes unidimensionais das matrizes de massa, rigidez e mista é apresentado para elementos quadrilaterais e hexaédricos distorcidos em problemas de projeção, Poisson, estado plano e estado geral em problemas de elasticidade linear. O uso de procedimentos via matrizes unidimensionais permite obter um speedup significativo em comparação com o procedimento padrão, para malhas distorcidas e não distorcidas. Com esse procedimento, é possível armazenar apenas as funções de forma unidimensionais e suas derivadas calculadas nos pontos de integração unidimensionais gerando uma redução no consumo de memória. O desempenho das bases propostas foi verificado através de testes numéricos e os resultados comparados com aqueles usando a base padrão com polinômios de Jacobi. Características como esparsidade, condicionamento numérico e número de iterações usando o método dos gradientes conjugados com precondicionador diagonal também são investigados. Além disso, investigamos o uso da matriz de massa local, utilizando bases simultaneamente diagonais de mínima energia, como pré-condicionador. Os resultados foram comparados com o uso do precondicionador diagonal e SSOR (Symmetric Successive Over Relaxation)
Abstract: In this work we present construction procedures of bases for the high-order finite element method (FEM) considering a procedures for the simultaneous diagonalization of the internal modes of the one-dimensional mass and stiffness matrices and orthogonalization of the boundary modes using minimum energy procedure. The concepts of minimum energy orthogonalization are used efficiently to construct one-dimensional boundary modes orthogonal to the internal modes of the shape functions. New one-dimensional bases for the high-order FEM are presented for the construction of the simultaneously diagonal and minimum energy basis for the Helmholtz norm. Furthermore, we present a calculation procedure for the $2D$ and $3D$ mass and stiffness matrices, as the combination of one-dimensional coefficients of the mass, stiffness and Jacobian matrices. This procedure is presented for quadrilateral and hexahedral distorted elements in projection, Poisson, plane state and general linear elasticity problems. The use of the one-dimensional matrices procedure allows a significant speedup compared to the standard procedure for distorted and undistorted meshes. Also, this procedure stores only one-dimensional shape functions and their derivatives calculated using one-dimensional integration points, which generates a reduction in memory consumption. The performance of the proposed bases was verified by numerical tests and the results are compared with those using the standard basis using Jacobi polynomials. Sparsity patterns, condition numbers and number of iterations using the conjugate gradient methods with diagonal preconditioner are also investigated. Furthermore, we investigated the use of the local mass matrix using simultaneously diagonal and minimum energy bases as preconditioner to solve the system of equations. The results are compared with the diagonal preconditioner and Symmetric Successive Over Relaxation (SSOR)
Doutorado
Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico
Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica

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Książki na temat "Bases de cycles minimum"

Wilson, Robert M. Gauging the nearness and size of cycle minimum. Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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H, Hathaway David, Reichmann Edwin J i George C. Marshall Space Flight Center., red. Gauging the nearness and size of cycle minimum. MSFC, Ala: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1997.

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Carrasco, Jorge Opazo. El estado de flujos de efectivo: Bases para su utilización. Santiago de Chile: Editorial Jurídica ConoSur, 1997.

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Carrasco, Jorge Opazo. El estado de flujos de efectivo: Bases para su preparación y presentación. Santiago de Chile: Editorial Jurídica Conosur, 1997.

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T, DeLand Matthew, i United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., red. Influence of short-term solar UV variability on the determination of solar cycle minimum. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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H, Hathaway David, i George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, red. Sunspot activity near cycle minimum and what it might suggest for cycle 24, the next sunspot cycle. Huntsville], Ala: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, 2009.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., red. "Composites research in support of the NASP Institute for composites (NIC)": NCC3-218 period covered, June 1, 1991 through August 31, 1994. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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Office, General Accounting. The Davis-Bacon Act: Applicability to supply contract at Defense Depot, Tracy, California : report to the chairman, Subcommittee on Military Installations and facilities, Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1989.

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Części książek na temat "Bases de cycles minimum"

Aboulfath, Ylène, Dimitri Watel, Marc-Antoine Weisser, Thierry Mautor i Dominique Barth. "Maximizing Minimum Cycle Bases Intersection". W Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 55–68. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-63021-7_5.

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Berger, Franziska, Peter Gritzmann i Sven de Vries. "Minimum Cycle Bases and Their Applications". W Algorithmics of Large and Complex Networks, 34–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02094-0_2.

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Mehlhorn, Kurt. "Minimum Cycle Bases and Surface Reconstruction". W Graph Drawing, 532. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11618058_55.

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Liu, Tsung-Hao, i Hsueh-I. Lu. "Minimum Cycle Bases of Weighted Outerplanar Graphs". W Algorithms and Computation, 564–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10631-6_58.

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Amaldi, Edoardo, Leo Liberti, Nelson Maculan i Francesco Maffioli. "Efficient Edge-Swapping Heuristics for Finding Minimum Fundamental Cycle Bases". W Experimental and Efficient Algorithms, 14–29. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24838-5_2.

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Hariharan, Ramesh, Telikepalli Kavitha i Kurt Mehlhorn. "A Faster Deterministic Algorithm for Minimum Cycle Bases in Directed Graphs". W Automata, Languages and Programming, 250–61. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11786986_23.

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Amaldi, Edoardo, Claudio Iuliano, Tomasz Jurkiewicz, Kurt Mehlhorn i Romeo Rizzi. "Breaking the O(m 2 n) Barrier for Minimum Cycle Bases". W Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 301–12. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04128-0_28.

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Doerr, Carola, G. Ramakrishna i Jens M. Schmidt. "Computing Minimum Cycle Bases in Weighted Partial 2-Trees in Linear Time". W Graph-Theoretic Concepts in Computer Science, 225–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45043-3_20.

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Mehlhorn, Kurt, i Dimitrios Michail. "Implementing Minimum Cycle Basis Algorithms". W Experimental and Efficient Algorithms, 32–43. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11427186_5.

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Richardson, J. H. "Bases Adopted in Different Countries". W A Study on the Minimum Wage, 29–41. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003253785-4.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Bases de cycles minimum"

Amirzade, Farzane, Mohammad-Reza Sadeghi i Daniel Panario. "Protograph-based LDPC codes with chordless short cycles and large minimum distance". W 2022 17th Canadian Workshop on Information Theory (CWIT). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cwit55308.2022.9817675.

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Miller, Jason D., David J. Buckmaster, Katherine Hart, Timothy J. Held, David Thimsen, Andrew Maxson, Jeffrey N. Phillips i Scott Hume. "Comparison of Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles to Steam Rankine Cycles in Coal-Fired Applications". W ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-64933.

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Increasing the efficiency of coal-fired power plants is vital to reducing electricity costs and emissions. Power cycles employing supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) as the working fluid have the potential to increase power cycle efficiency by 3–5% points over state-of-the-art oxy-combustion steam-Rankine cycles operating under comparable conditions. To date, the majority of studies have focused on the integration and optimization of sCO2 power cycles in waste heat, solar, or nuclear applications. The goal of this study is to demonstrate the potential of sCO2 power cycles, and quantify the power cycle efficiency gains that can be achieved versus the state-of-the-art steam-Rankine cycles employed in oxy-fired coal power plants. Turbine inlet conditions were varied among the sCO2 test cases and compared with existing Department of Energy (DOE)/National Energy Technology6 Laboratory (NETL) steam base cases. Two separate sCO2 test cases were considered and the associated flow sheets developed. The turbine inlet conditions for this study were chosen to match conditions in a coal-fired ultra-supercritical steam plant (Tinlet = 593°C, Pinlet = 24.1 MPa) and an advanced ultra-supercritical steam plant (Tinlet = 730°C, Pinlet = 27.6 MPa). A plant size of 550 MWe, was selected to match available information on existing DOE/NETL bases cases. The effects of cycle architecture, combustion-air preheater temperature, and cooling source type were considered subject to comparable heat source and reference conditions taken from the steam Rankine reference cases. Combinations and variants of sCO2 power cycles — including cascade and recompression and variants with multiple reheat and compression steps — were considered with varying heat-rejection subsystems — air-cooled, direct cooling tower, and indirect-loop cooling tower. Where appropriate, combustion air preheater inlet temperature was also varied. Through use of a multivariate nonlinear optimization design process that considers both performance and economic impacts, curves of minimum cost versus efficiency were generated for each sCO2 test case and combination of architecture and operational choices. These curves indicate both peak theoretical efficiency and suggest practical limits based on incremental cost versus performance. For a given test case, results for individual architectural and operational options give insight to cost and performance improvements from step-changes in system complexity and design, allowing down selection of candidate architectures. Optimized designs for each test case were then selected based on practical efficiency limits within the remaining candidate architectures and compared to the relevant baseline steam plant. sCO2 cycle flowsheets are presented for each optimized design.

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Sanjay, Onkar Singh i B. N. Prasad. "Performance Enhancement of Advanced Combined Cycles". W International Joint Power Generation Conference collocated with TurboExpo 2003. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijpgc2003-40117.

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This paper reports on the development requirements of gas/steam combined cycle with an aim to achieve plant efficiency greater than 62% through various development possibilities in gas turbine and steam turbine cycle by taking a reference combined cycle configuration (MS9001H gas turbine and three pressure heat recovery steam generator with reheat). The innovative development possibilities include the advanced inlet design to reduce pressure loss, the increase in turbine inlet temperature, use of advanced turbine blade material, increased component efficiency, improved turbine cooling technologies along with better cooling medium, incorporating intercooling, reheat and regeneration either separately or in combination with simple gas turbine cycle using higher compressor pressure ratio, better utilization of heat recovery steam generator, minimum stack temperature, single shaft system configuration, etc. Based on the quantification of each development item, if incorporated in reference cycle, it has been estimated that the combined cycle as the potential to achieve the plant efficiency in excess of 63%.

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Sandoz, Raphaël, James Spelling, Björn Laumert i Torsten Fransson. "Air-Based Bottoming-Cycles for Water-Free Hybrid Solar Gas-Turbine Power Plants". W ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-94308.

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A thermoeconomic model of a novel hybrid solar gas-turbine power plant with an air-based bottoming cycle has been developed, allowing its thermodynamic, economic, and environmental performance to be analyzed. Multi-objective optimization has been performed to identify the trade-off between two conflicting objectives: minimum capital cost and minimum specific CO2 emissions. In-depth thermoeconomic analysis reveals that the additional bottoming cycle significantly reduces both the levelized cost of electricity and the environmental impact of the power plant (in terms of CO2 emissions and water consumption) when compared to a simple gas-turbine power plant without bottoming cycle. Overall, the novel concept appears to be a promising solution for sustainable power generation, especially in water-scarce areas.

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Minas, Constantinos, i Sejalben Patel. "Probabilistic Life Prediction of Hydrogen Steel Pressure Vessels in Industrial Electric Trucks". W ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-38532.

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Fuel cell powered industrial electric trucks are widely used in industry where more than 4000 systems are currently installed, achieving more than 20 million operating hours. The electric trucks are equipped with fuel cell power systems instead of an array of lead-acid batteries, which incorporate a permanently mounted pressure vessel containing compressed hydrogen gas and enabling onboard fueling. Fueling can be performed several times a day subjecting the pressure vessel to a large number of pressure cycles. It is critical to design the pressure vessel to withstand the required number of cycles which is in the thousands, over the life of the fuel cell power system estimated at 20000 hours. Steel pressure vessels which are subjected to hydrogen embrittlement are widely used in this application. In order to ensure the safety of the design, a linear elastic fracture mechanics model was developed in order to predict the life of the steel pressure vessel. The developed model was based on the ASME pressure vessel code section KD-10, which uses fatigue crack growth laws based on the relationship between the fatigue crack growth rate (da/dN) and the cyclic intensity factor (ΔK). Two samples were tested under hydrogen cyclic pressure loading. The experimental data was used to obtain estimates for the crack initiation phase. Statistical data was obtained from several hundred systems of the installed base, in order to determine the distributions of the maximum and minimum pressures the vessel is typically subjected to. The probabilistic LEFM model was used in a Monte Carlo simulation where the maximum and minimum pressure assumed a random value based on the equivalent random generator of their associated statistical distribution that is an extreme distribution and a Johnson SB distribution, respectively. The results indicated an increase by a factor of two, in the number of cycles when compared to the cycle prediction based on a constant R-ratio (maximum/minimum fill pressure). The analysis was repeated with normal distribution random generators which resulted in similar results. The results from this analysis ensure the safety of the steel pressure vessel design.

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Ye, Zhi, i Ahmad Ghassemi. "Assessment of DFIT Analysis Using Laboratory Experiments". W SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/214935-ms.

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Abstract Reliable knowledge of the magnitudes and orientations of in-situ stress is crucial for conducting scientific and engineering activities in the subsurface, especially with regards to subsurface energy and storage applications. A commonly used technique for determining the minimum principal stress is to interpret the fracture closure pressure from the pressure decline transient during the shut-in phase of a minifrac test or a diagnostic fracture injection test (DFIT). However, current minifrac or DFIT analysis methods for interpreting fracture closure pressure often yield inconsistent results, leading to large uncertainties in determining the minimum principal stress. This paper presents a series of small-scale laboratory hydraulic fracturing experiments conducted under true-triaxial compression. The injection scheme consists of a hydraulic fracturing cycle followed by a few fracture propagation cycles and several injection/falloff (DFIT) cycles. The wellbore pressure and acoustic emission (AE) activities of each cycle were concurrently measured to monitor fracture initiation, propagation, and closure during fluid injection and shut-in. The pressure data were used to interpret S3 using different hydraulic fracturing-based methods. The results illustrate that the spatial-temporal evolution of AE activities is well associated with fracture propagation. In relatively low permeable rocks (Test 1 and Test 2), fracture reopening pressure generally provides a reliable estimate of the minimum principal stress (S3). ISIP consistently provides a relatively higher estimate of S3 and can be used as an upper limit for constraining S3. Fracture closure was observed using the so-called "tangent" method in all injection/falloff cycles. However, the "tangent" method using a signature close to the peak GdP/dG tends to significantly underestimate S3. The "compliance" method offers a relatively objective (yet still low) estimate of closure pressure. The signature associated with the change in system stiffness or compliance is observed but not consistently in every DFIT cycle. In the relatively high permeable Scioto Sandstone test (Test 3), the G-function plots exhibit a "normal" leak off behavior, and the "tangent" method provides a good stress estimate, and the compliance method lacks a clear signature for determining fracture closure. The stress interpretation results demonstrate that the process of fracture closure is highly impacted by rock properties, such as permeability and elastic moduli, and cyclic injection operations.

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Ellis, Fred V., i Sebastian Tordonato. "Corrosion Fatigue Failure Analysis and Life Prediction". W ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-1922.

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A metallurgical failure analysis and life prediction was performed for an economizer tube. The tube failed after approximately nine years of service. The failure was a pin hole leak, elliptically shaped with the long axis in the circumferential direction. On the inside surface of the tube, there were several circumferential cracks and numerous oxygen pits on the top half. The cracks were transgranular and initiated at pits. The failure mechanism is corrosion fatigue and is believed to be due to a cyclic applied bending moment. Life predictions were performed using two crack geometries and zero-tension loading cycle. The geometries were a thumbnail shaped ID crack with an a/c of 0.2 and a 360° ID cracked cylinder. A parametric approach was used with two initial crack depths based on the measured pit depths and three remote stresses centered around the minimum yield strength of the SA-178-A tube material. The failure criteria was the reference stress equal to the flow stress. For the thumbnail crack geometry at a remote load of 179 MPa (equal to minimum specified yield strength), the calculated lives were 15,960 cycles for an initial crack depth of 5% and 3,450 cycles for an initial crack depth of 10%. The cyclic lives of the 360° crack geometry were approximately half of those for the thumbnail crack geometry. The slope of the log life-log stress curve was approximately −5.8.

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Kumar, Kosalaraman, Harish Venkat i Jayanth Balaji Avanashilingam. "Enhancing Vehicle Emission Monitoring Through Tree-Based Machine Learning: Optimizing IUPR Under BSVI Stage 2 Regulation". W 11th SAEINDIA International Mobility Conference (SIIMC 2024). 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2024. https://doi.org/10.4271/2024-28-0192.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The new Bharat Stage (BS) VI Stage 2 regulation for automotive vehicles in India requires monitoring the performance of emission control components, such as Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) systems, Diesel Oxidation Catalysts (DOCs), Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF), Nitrous Oxides (NOx) Sensors, and Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR). The regulation also mandates that a minimum In-Use Performance Ratio (IUPR) must be met, which is the ratio of the number of times a component's performance is monitored to the number of drive cycles the engine has undergone. The IUPR must be tracked throughout the vehicle's lifetime after an initial run-in period. In an effort comply with the minimum IUPR requirement, the engine and after-treatment system calibrations must ensure that the conditions and threshold ranges for enabling performance monitoring of emission-critical components are met across all vehicles operating duty cycles and varying geographic conditions. This study explores the novel method of using Tree Based Machine Learning classifier coupled with tree traversing technique to improve the IUPR for different vehicle duty cycles and emission components. The findings of the proposed techniques are presented that determines the ideal threshold ranges, therefore optimizing the performance monitoring window for a certain duty cycle and lowering the manual efforts by many times.</div></div>

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Green, A., M. Benge, Y. Lu, M. Kelley i A. P. Bunger. "Work Hardening and Stress Memory for Granite Under Repetitious Triaxial Loading Cycles". W 57th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2023-0288.

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ABSTRACT Granitic rock subjected to multiple load/unload/reload cycles is observed to have a much lower stiffness on the first loading step compared to subsequent cycles. This apparent work hardening has been proposed to provide unique insight into a rock's stress history, making this mechanism the basis for the core-based in-situ stress estimation method known as Deformation Rate Analysis (DRA). This paper presents cyclic triaxial testing of quarried granite (Cold Spring Charcoal Granite). The basic unit of the experiments is a load/unload/load/unload (LULU) cycle, where the sample is at a constant confining level and the maximum and minimum axial loads are predetermined. For multiple cycles, the peak axial stress for each cycle increases. The experiments show work hardening wherein the slope of the stress-strain relationship is significantly smaller on the first loading cycle (L) compared to the subsequent cycles. When a subsequent cycle is run to a higher peak, the strain difference increases with stress up to the prior value of the peak stress, after which it decreases, exhibiting an apparent memory of the prior peak stress. However, for these short loading cycles, the stress memory is temporary, mostly dissipating after brief unloading to atmospheric conditions and completely dissipating after 24 hours. INTRODUCTION Rock behavior depends upon the stress history of the rock, providing the conceptual foundations for essentially all core-based methods aimed at estimating the stress conditions from which the core was extracted (e.g. Yamamoto et al. 1990, Kang et al. 2000, Villaescusa et al. 2002, Wu and Jan 2010). In the context of the Kaiser effect and Anaelastic Strain Recovery testing, there have been studies showing stress memory can deteriorate with the time since the rock was extracted from the subsurface (Barr and Hunt 1999, Jin et al. 2009). These studies deal with stress memory induced over geological time which can deteriorate over periods of months to years. However, laboratory uniaxial compression testing of rocks is also known to induce changes in the rock which can include work hardening and stress (or strain) memory (e.g. Horibe and Kobayaski 1958, Yamamoto et al. 1990). The memory of an applied stress has been found to diminish slightly with time, but to nonetheless persists for 150 hours or more after a sample is unloaded (Yamamoto 2009). However, past investigations on the topic of observance and persistence of stress memory have been performed at relatively low stress levels under uniaxial conditions. Meanwhile, it has long been known history-dependent behaviors in cyclic loading of rocks depend heavily on confining stress (Zoback and Byerlee 1975). Therefore, this paper is aimed at examining the existence and persistence of stress memory associated with work hardening from laboratory triaxial loading cycles.

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Scott, Robin G., Michael D. Brown, Warren J. Manning i Martin C. Levesley. "Model Based Control of a Smart Vibrating Cantilever Beam". W ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/de-23205.

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Abstract This paper compares Generalised Minimum Variance and Pole-placement techniques for the control of a lightly damped cantilever beam smart structure. Saturation of the control signal can lead to limit cycles in Pole-placement control. Saturation compensation can remove these limit cycles, allowing disturbances of the beam to be rejected, but introduces a low amplitude, higher frequency vibration effect. Control sensitivity functions used to investigate these limit cycles show that certain Pole-placement controllers are sensitive to frequencies in the 50Hz range. The sensitivity of a Generalised minimum variance (GMV) controller is shown to be less than that of the Pole-placement controller. This GMV controller is applied to the vibration control of the smart beam. The controller weightings of the cost function limit excessive control signals. Previous work allows a plant model to be generated that produces results that closely match experimental data. Control results shows that the GMV technique is highly effective in reducing both the decay time and amplitude of vibration for free and forced vibrations respectively.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Bases de cycles minimum"

Andrews. L51847 Fatigue Strength of Seamless Line Pipe and Modern ERW Line Pipe. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), wrzesień 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010430.

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To resolve the question as to whether or not ERW pipe might prove inferior to seamless pipe in terms of resistance to cyclic stresses, the PRCI member companies decided to fund the project described herein to assess the performance of ERW pipe versus seamless pipe. Presented herein are the results of a research project on the serviceability of seamless line pipe and modern high-frequency-welded ERW (electric-resistance-welded) line pipe. Full-scale samples of both kinds of pipe were subjected in a laboratory environment to pressure cycles simulating hundreds of years of service. Four samples of ERW pipe and one sample of seamless pipe were tested. Each sample consisted of a 20-foot length of the material fabricated with end caps. Coupons were cut from the remaining pieces to accommodate tensile and impact tests and base-metal metallography. The 20-foot specimens were subjected to pressure cycles ranging from a minimum of 100 psig to the pressure level corresponding to 46 percent of the measured ultimate tensile strength of the material.

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Wang, Yong-Yi, i Dan Jia. PR-350-124504-R03 Essential Welding Variables Methodology for X70 Linepipe Steels. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), kwiecień 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011567.

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High productivity mechanized welding processes, such as variants of multi-wire pulsed-gas metal arc welding (GMAW-P) have become increasingly popular due to their high production rates. Compared to conventional single-wire/single-torch GMAW processes, the higher productivity variants of the GMAW processes are more complex in welding procedure design, qualification, and field welding, which leads to more complex heating and cooling cycles. As a result, the deposited weld metal and heat-affected zone (HAZ) performance can be quite different from those from more traditional welding processes applied to the same materials. These changes have not been adequately considered and incorporated into essential welding variables in codes and standards. The objective of this project is to validate the essential welding variable methodology (EWVM) for welding of X70 line pipe steels by modern, high-productivity pulsed-gas metal arc welding (GMAW-P) techniques to achieve desired weld properties while keeping the cost and time needed for welding procedure qualification to a minimum. Four girth welds with various combinations of heat input and torch configurations were made using GMAW-P. The microstructure response and mechanical properties of weld metal and/or HAZ by testing thermally simulated weld and pipe steel base metals were analyzed. Correlation of welding parameters and thermal history was summarized. The application of EWVM is briefly presented in a step by step procedure. The girth weld properties demonstrate the sensitivity of thermal cycles and the ability of EWVM to predict the trend of the properties. In the long run, welding procedure qualifications focusing on the control of cooling rate could allow a reduction in the number of essential variables.

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Baader, Franz, Bernhard Ganter, Ulrike Sattler i Barış Sertkaya. Completing Description Logic Knowledge Bases using Formal Concept Analysis. Aachen University of Technology, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.155.

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We propose an approach for extending both the terminological and the assertional part of a Description Logic knowledge base by using information provided by the assertional part and by a domain expert. The use of techniques from Formal Concept Analysis ensures that, on the one hand, the interaction with the expert is kept to a minimum, and, on the other hand, we can show that the extended knowledge base is complete in a certain sense.

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Woollin. L51821 Evaluation of Weldable 13 Percent Chromium Steels for Linepipe Applications. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), czerwiec 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010380.

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The overall aim of the project was to demonstrate the ability to produce welds suitable for linepipe applications in nominally weldable 13%Cr stainless steels covering the range of grades being marketed as low cost alternatives to 22%Cr duplex stainless steel. This included the following: (i) Development of welding guidelines giving sound joints in weldable 13%Cr steels, with minimum preheat requirement. (ii) Quantification of the mechanical, corrosion and environmental cracking properties of weldments in weldable 13%Cr steels. (iii) Quantification of the effect of brief PWHT cycles on weldment properties in weldable 13%Cr steels.

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Vavrin, John L., Ghassan K. Al-Chaar, Eric L. Kreiger, Michael P. Case, Brandy N. Diggs, Richard J. Liesen, Justine Yu i in. Automated Construction of Expeditionary Structures (ACES) : Energy Modeling. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), luty 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39641.

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The need to conduct complex operations over time results in U.S. forces remaining in deployed locations for long periods. In such cases, more sustainable facilities are required to better accommodate and protect forward deployed forces. Current efforts to develop safer, more sustainable operating facilities for contingency bases involve construction activities that redesign the types and characteris-tics of the structures constructed, reduce the resources required to build, and reduce resources needed to operate and maintain the com-pleted facilities. The Automated Construction of Expeditionary Structures (ACES) project was undertaken to develop the capability to “print” custom-designed expeditionary structures on demand, in the field, using locally available materials with the minimum number of personnel. This work investigated large-scale automated “additive construction” (i.e., 3D printing with concrete) for construction applications. This document, which documents ACES energy and modeling, is one of four technical reports, each of which details a major area of the ACES research project, its research processes, and associated results, including: System Requirements, Construction, and Performance; Energy and Modeling; Materials and Testing; Architectural and Structural Analysis.

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Diggs, Brandy N., Richard J. Liesen, Michael P. Case, Sameer Hamoush i Ahmed C. Megri. Automated Construction of Expeditionary Structures (ACES) : Energy Modeling. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), luty 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39759.

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Al-Chaar, Ghassan K., Peter B. Stynoski, Todd S. Rushing, Lynette A. Barna, Jedadiah F. Burroughs, John L. Vavrin i Michael P. Case. Automated Construction of Expeditionary Structures (ACES) : Materials and Testing. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), luty 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39721.

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Complex military operations often result in U.S. forces remaining at deployed locations for long periods. In such cases, more sustaina-ble facilities are required to better accommodate and protect forward-deployed forces. Current efforts to develop safer, more sustaina-ble operating facilities for contingency bases involve construction activities that require a redesign of the types and characteristics of the structures constructed, that reduce the resources required to build, and that decrease the resources needed to operate and maintain the completed facilities. The Automated Construction of Expeditionary Structures (ACES) project was undertaken to develop the capa-bility to “print” custom-designed expeditionary structures on demand, in the field, using locally available materials with the minimum number of personnel. This work investigated large-scale automated “additive construction” (i.e., 3D printing with concrete) for con-struction applications. This report, which documents ACES materials and testing, is one of four technical reports, each of which details a major area of the ACES research project, its research processes, and its associated results. There major areas include System Require-ments, Construction, and Performance; Energy and Modeling; Materials and Testing; Architectural and Structural Analysis.

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de Marcellis-Warin, Nathalie, i Geneviève Dufour. Analyse des événements indésirables liés à la prestation des soins de santé : Démarche structurée et grille d'analyse. CIRANO, czerwiec 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/hytf7762.

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Le présent rapport va définir les bases d'un cadre normatif servant à évaluer et à colliger les divers incidents et accidents liés à la prestation des soins dans les centres hospitaliers. Notre objectif est d'une part, d'aider à structurer au sein des établissements l'analyse approfondie des accidents et incidents liés à la prestation des soins tout en gardant une flexibilité pour les hôpitaux qui utilisent déjà d'autres outils et d'autre part, de standardiser l'identification des événements indésirables et l'analyse des causes, des facteurs de contexte et de la gestion des situations à risque pour permettre une remontée de certaines informations au niveau local puis national. Nous allons proposer une démarche structurée pour mener les analyses approfondies et présenter un outil d'analyse (appelé « Grille d'analyse CIRANO », qui s'appuie sur un modèle utilisé dans l'industrie nucléaire validé par de nombreuses études) qui permet d'identifier les vulnérabilités du système de soins dans son ensemble. La Grille d'analyse CIRANO peut servir de base commune aux établissements et permettre une standardisation « minimum » des registres locaux. En effet, il peut être utilisé comme outil d'analyse s'il est intégré dans la démarche proposée ou comme rapport d'analyse pour reporter l'ensemble des résultats de l'analyse dans le cas où d'autres outils d'analyse seraient utilisés. Une étude est en cours pour adapter la démarche et la Grille d'analyse aux autres types d'établissements (CLSC, CHSLD,?).

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Rana, Arnav, i Sanjay Tiku. PR-214-223806-R01 Guidance for Performing Engineering Critical Assessments for Dents on Natural Gas Pipelines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), listopad 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0000044.

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This project builds on mechanical damage (MD) assessment and management tools, developed on behalf of Pipeline Research Council International (PRCI), Interstate Natural Gas Association of America (INGAA), Canadian Energy Pipeline Association (CEPA), American Petroleum Institute (API), other research organizations and individual pipeline operators and included in API RP 1183 [1]. These include dent shape, restraint condition and interacting feature characterization; operational maximum and cyclic internal pressure characterization, screening tools defining non-injurious dent shapes based on pipe size and operating condition, failure pressure and fatigue assessment tools for dents with/without interacting features (e.g., corrosion, welds, gouges) in the restrained and unrestrained condition, and direction on available remedial action and repair techniques. The API RP 1183 [1], has not been adopted by the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) by reference in code of federal regulations (CFR) 192.712 (c). CFR 192.712 (c) allows pipeline operators to follow certain prescriptive requirements for responding to mechanical damage features or perform an engineering critical assessment (ECA). The requirements of CFR 192.712 (c) provide minimum requirements for what would comprise an acceptable ECA. The objective of this research project is to develop a guidance document containing a practical and defensible set of guidelines and processes to address the CFR 192.712 (c) requirements. The work included: - Description of various dent fatigue life screening and assessment approaches detailing data requirements for the different approaches, - Developing a simplified method for dent fatigue life assessment using operational severity when detailed pressure spectrum data is not available, - Development of a Level 0.75 and 0.75+ screening approach that incorporates dent depth available from in-line inspection (ILI) data, - Developing a screening level methodology to carry out fatigue life assessment of dents with potential gouge where metal loss is conservatively assumed to be a planar crack-like feature.

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Gurevitz, Michael, William A. Catterall i Dalia Gordon. Learning from Nature How to Design Anti-insect Selective Pesticides - Clarification of the Interacting Face between Insecticidal Toxins and their Na-channel Receptors. United States Department of Agriculture, styczeń 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7697101.bard.

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Structural details on the interacting faces of toxins and sodium channels (Navs), and particularly identification of elements that confer specificity for insects, are difficult to approach and require suitable experimental systems. Therefore, natural toxins capable of differential recognition of insect and mammalian Navs are valuable leads for design of selective compounds in insect control. We have characterized several scorpion toxins that vary in preference for insect and mammalian Navs, and identified residues important for their action. However, despite many efforts worldwide, only little is known about the receptor sites of these toxins, and particularly on differences between these sites on insect and mammalian Navs. Another problem arises from the massive overuse of chemical insecticides, which increases resistance buildup among various insect pests. A possible solution to this problem is to combine different insecticidal compounds, especially those that provide synergic effects. Our recent finding that combinations of insecticidal receptor site-3 toxins (sea anemone and scorpion alpha) with scorpion beta toxins or their truncated derivatives are synergic in toxicity to insects is therefore timely and strongly supports this approach. Our ability to produce toxins and various Navs in recombinant forms, enable thorough analysis and structural manipulations of both toxins and receptors. On this basis we propose to (1) restrict by mutagenesis the activity of insecticidal scorpion -toxins and sea anemone toxins to insects, and clarify the molecular basis of their synergic toxicity with antiinsect selective -toxins; (2) identify Nav elements that interact with scorpion alpha and sea anemone toxins and those that determine toxin selectivity to insects; (3) determine toxin-channel pairwise side-chain interactions by thermodynamic mutant cycle analysis using our large collection of mutant -toxins and Nav mutants identified in aim 2; (4) clarify the mode of interaction of truncated -toxins with insect Navs, and elucidate how they enhance the activity of insecticidal site-3 toxins. This research may lead to rational design of novel anti-insect peptidomimetics with minimal impact on human health and the environment, and will establish the grounds for a new strategy in insect pest control, whereby a combination of allosterically interacting compounds increase insecticidal action and reduce risks of resistance buildup.

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