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Moutier-Lopet, Anaïs. "Les relations entre l’Organisation Mondiale du Commerce et les autres organisations internationales". Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100140/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIf the main functions of the WTO are to serve as a forum for trade negotiations and enforce multilateral trade rules that have been negotiated, an important aspect of the WTO’s mandate is to cooperate with the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and other multilateral institutions to achieve greater coherence in global economic policy-making. The interconnectedness of the mandate of the WTO with other international organizations is much broader and permeates much of the agreements negotiated during the Uruguay Round. Globalization has made it even more necessary close cooperation between multilateral institutions. To implement this mandate on Coherence, the WTO has established a new framework for interinstitutional cooperation. And if the WTO is not intended to become the international organization of governance, it has managed to find its place in the archipelago of international governance in contributing to the improvement
Moghames, Michel. "Recherches sur l'engagement bancaire autonome en droit français et en droit comparé". Aix-Marseille 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX32012.
Pełny tekst źródłaInternational trade has reached heights unforeseen in the past : the banks represent the nerve centres of contemporary society. Their intervention on the international market is of paramount importance; representiny an appreciable security for transactions because competition is strong and business partners often far away. Therefare autonomous banking commitments are weapons that cannot be parried; they are becoming a vital part of standard banking procedures. The attraction of these commitments is that they are of this day and age. Though financial exchange dates back to roman law, dowmentary credit, credit cards and independent guarantees are for different. They are autonomous. Their execution does not depend on the execution of the main contract, they must in all cases be handled without obvious fraud or misuse in law. They are abstract, but momentarity detached from their cause until the contract is carried out. This abstraction is more or less controvered according to country, german law is favourable, whereas latin law contests this abstraction. If the guarantee is called up, the garnishee order, the emergency interim proceedinys and the receining order are often defended, so as not to immobilize the automatic nature of these commitments. Only downright fraud and breach of trost legal are exceptions
Trimarchi, Lorenzo. "Essays in International Trade and Banking". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/276459.
Pełny tekst źródłaDoctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Xu, Lin. "Le droit des marchés publics en Chine : contribution au droit international". Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE0017.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe sector of Chinese public markets has for a long time been considered a sanctuary, protected from any foreign incursion. Today, in order to respond to the demands of globalization, under the influence of international institutions such as the World Trade Organization, the World Bank or the International Monetary Fund, this sector is progressively transforming itself. Following China's membership of the WTO, two laws foreshadowing a future code of the Chinese public markets have been announced to address this. With respect to the stakes at play with such an openness, as much on the economic scale as political, the importance of a legal analysis of this mutation is naturally essential
Milone, Mario. "Sur les Coûts et Externalités de l'Intermédiation". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLED070.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis aims at determining and estimating costs of intermediation and the extend of the externalities it generates. The rise of big data and AI is reshaping financial intermediation. Its benefits in terms of speed or cost efficiency may be easy to appreciate but its costs are far less understood. I show that technology can increase financial frictions as well as the cost of financial intermediation. The financial crisis of 2008 has highligted the importance of liquidity. I provide a theoretical framework to help understand the impact current regulatory tools may have on banks liquidity problems. The analysis sheds light on a new trade-off between capital and liquidity requirements. Finally, costs and externalities of intermediation are studied in the context of international trade. Due to geographical constraints, some countries are intermediating goods in trade relationships. This trading friction is both theoretically analyzed and empirically estimated. Countries that are seemingly unnafected (e.g. The United Kingdoms) are in fact suffering from the distortionary effect it creates on global prices
Kawan, Khaled. "Le Formalisme documentaire dans la lettre de crédit". Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010278.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the nineteen-twenties' decade, it was established that compliance with the bank's documantary specifications must be strict. Much law was build up on these principles in the ensuing decades. During thelast twenty years of letter of credit practice, the above principle have undergone a momentous re-examination. Courts and commentators had to reassess the meaning of strictness in letter of credit law. The judicial delimna is frequently perceived to be as serious as choosing between formalism and assumed certainty of the law on the one hand and equity and uncertainty on the other. We believe this dilemna to be false formalism could be strict without falling in literality
Gurbuz, Mustafa Burak. "Le rôle du financement interne dans le processus de développement économique : le cas de la Turquie". Grenoble 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE21010.
Pełny tekst źródłaDjigo, Alioune. "La compensation dans le commerce de banque". Rennes 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987REN11022.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe term compensation used to describe the intrinsic system of cash mecanisms through account, reciprocal credits, in bank trading, did not seem to be appropriate. Precisely, the accounting balance, legalised by civil law must be acknowledged as the exclusive and autonomous technic of payment of reciprocal credits wether in the business relations between bankers and customers than between banks themselves every time we have recourse to account technics. Althought, legal compensation technics in fact of his virtual caracteristics, find some applications in bank trading where it has a real originality
Djigo, Alioune. "La Compensation dans le commerce de banque". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37604602p.
Pełny tekst źródłaTongnivi, Foade Denis Joël. "Processus internes de désajustement dans la régulation monétaire en Côte d'Ivoire". Grenoble 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE21009.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis doctoral thesis deals with the imbalance of monetary control in the cote d'ivoire caused by external economic pressures. This research with suggests different ways of limiting the effects of these factors. This study has been divided into two main parts : the first underlines the breakdown between the means of financing and money that is in circulation, in the context of the external impact on the ivoirian economy. The second raises a certain number of questions about the optimum features concerning monetary regulation that is to say to limit these internal factors and particulary how to determine the key-sectors to which the central bank of west african states (bceao) could assign funds as a priority. This thesis focuses on different theories of money supply, monetary control, decisions as well as macroeconometric methods and enables useful analyses leading to a range of solutions to the problem addressed by this work : "is there a possibility for the ivoirian economy, which is submitted to external economic pressure such as the fluctuation of the international prices of raw materials (coffee and cocoa) to ensure the efficiency of its monetary control policy ? how to reduce the destabilising effects of these shocks and how to determine the key-sectors where the central bank of west african states (bceao) could assign funds ?". To conclude, the creation of a monetary system which is partly exogenous is linked to external economic pressure in the cote d'ivoire and it is oriented towards exported commodities. That is why controlling the money supply is difficult and it is not easy to ensure the efficiency of a monetary regulation policy. It is necessary to reduce the internal factors related to this imbalance by trying to find an optimum money control that could be oriented towards the key-sectors of the economy
Kalyoubi, Essam el. "L'encaissement par la banque des chèques et effets de commerce". Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986CLF10030.
Pełny tekst źródłaKalyoubi, Essam el. "L'Encaissement par la banque des chèques et effets de commerce". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375986490.
Pełny tekst źródłaPorreca, Romaric. "Commerce électronique et activités bancaires". Valenciennes, 2010. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/e4e99b40-b85c-4679-a8d1-8ac9b52e838d.
Pełny tekst źródłaTheater of international competition, the banking industry has always sought to capture new prospect. In this regard, the potential that the Internet is prompting banks to lean in their development. It is a new channel that enables them to gain visibility and ongoing prospecting clients at any time. Internet can not however be summarized as a single means of communication and canvassing. Indeed, it is also an area for conducting operations and deals any transactions. However, if this virtual space has upset thinking it does not change much for the obligations of banks and the protectionist framework for the weaker party. The legislation has been reached, good sandstone unwilling, to adapt the existing system and making it grow substantially. In addition, the willingness of European authorities on the establishment of a single market, the strengthening of security and the efficient resolution helped to affirm the confidence of Internet users but also enact e-commerce as a referent in banking
Mattout, Jean-Pierre. "Droit bancaire international". Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010280.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe bulk of the different works are oriented towards banking and financial law, and especially its international aspects. It is an attempt to systematize the main operations in the international banking field, from a legal stand point. Studies have been conducted of the applicable law to international banking operations, the financing operations (prefinancing, international discounting, supplier's credit, buyer's credit, international leasing, financing credit) the off-balance sheet operations (first demand guarantees, documentary credits, letters of indemnity). The other works have been devoted to certain peculiar aspects of the same topics or to other banking operations like swaps, netting, unit trusts or to international legal aspects of bankruptcy or agency agreements
Dupuy, Louis. "Soutenabilité et commerce international". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0087/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaWe endeavour to explore the many ways by which international trade has an impact on sustainability.From a theoretical perspective, sustainability is the application of the utilitarian theory of value on capitaltheory, used to define the interactions between human-being and their environment. We show how sustainabilitycan be understood as sound and equitable management of the means of development, preserving consumptionand wealth over time while fostering intragenerational and intergenerational equity and controlling for moneyvaluesubstitutability. We use Adjusted Net Savings (ANS) to assess how opening economies to trade altersdevelopment paths. We then show how international trade should lead to additional savings, as gains fromtrade resulting from resources reallocation should be reinvested and not consumed. We explore how the natureof trade impacts development paths, showing how increasing returns to scale in the international division of theproduction processes changes factor prices. This should lead to more gains from trade saved and reinvested.We investigate how institutions and trade incentives interact in hindering sustainable management of naturalcapital in resource abundant countries. We show how inter-industry trade in natural resources intensive goodsmight be a sign for unsustainable development paths. To better understand interactions between institutionsand sustainability, we suggest the dislocation of the Soviet Union as a natural experiment. We show how theevolution of ANS in the Russian Federation is closely correlated with the neighbouring countries, regardless ofresources abundance. Counterfactual studies should be used to monitor sustainable development in the wakeof uncertainty and scarce data on comprehensive wealth depreciation. Those elements lead us to conclude onthe necessity to reconsider the rationale for economic integration on sustainability lines
Huang, Sainan. "Trois essais sur Finance International et Commerce International". Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CERG0738.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis is comprised of three chapters. Each chapter corresponds to an article in the field of international finance and international trade. Chapter One: An Empirical Analysis of Real Exchange Rate Election Cycle: East Asia vs. Latin America. Empirical literature depicts an exchange rate cycle around elections in Latin America: exchange rates tend to be more appreciated before than after elections. In this paper we analyze the behavior of real exchange rates (RERs, hereafter) around elections in East Asia, and perform a broad comparison with the experiences of Latin America countries. Our contributions to the empirical literature on exchange rate election cycle are threefold. First, we find a new type of RER election cycle in East Asia region, which is opposite to one of Latin America. Second, we investigate the possible policies used by the policy-maker to influence the RER around elections. We find that RER variation around elections can be partially captured by changes in international reserves. Our results are consistent with international reserves being used by policy-makers to influence exchange rates and produce its election cycle, and we find that international reserves increase in the month preceding elections in East Asia, but decrease in Latin America. Third, we show that in both regions the RER election cycle is clearly identified before central bank reform, but the cycle disappears in the post-reform data, indicating that monetary policy is one of the channels through which the RER election cycle is generated. Chapter Two: Exchange Rate Populism. Empirical findings have shown that East Asian and Latin American economies present opposite exchange rate electoral cycles: exchange rates tend to be more depreciated before and appreciated after elections among East Asian economies, and the opposite is true in Latin America. This paper proposes a theoretical model that explains the opposite exchange rate electoral cycle in these two regions. In a setup where policy-makers differ in their preference bias towards non-tradable and tradable sector citizens, the RER is used a noisy signal of the incumbent's type in an uncertain economic environment. The mechanism behind the cycle is engendered by the incumbent trying to signal he is median voter's type, biasing his policy in favor of the majority of the population before elections. The driving forces of the opposite exchange rate populism in these two regions is the RER distributive effects and the difference of the relative size of tradable and non-tradable sectors in these two regions. Chapter Three: The Decomposition of Trade Collapse during Financial Crises. The global financial crisis of 2008-2009 was accompanied by a sharp decline in international trade, which raises the question on the role of finance on international trade. We contribute to this literature by investigating the impact of financial crises on bilateral trade, using data of 103 exporters and 188 importers at 27 sectors-disaggregation from 1995 to 2009. Firstly, we analyze the responses of bilateral trade to financial crisis and the shock hits the exporting country or the importing country. Secondly, this paper investigates whether the trade collapse following crisis is caused by demand or supply shocks. Thirdly, we investigate the impact of financial crisis on the extensive margin of trade, which may be an indication of its permanent impact on trade
Chapda, Nana Guy. "Trois essais en commerce international". Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29920/29920.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis consists of three essays in empirical and theoretical international trade analyzing two main subjects: estimation of Gross National product function and strategic policy in presence of exchange rate pass-through and production risk. The first essay offers an innovative approach for analysis the impact on trade of regional trade agreements (RTA) with application to the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between Canada and the United States adopted in 1989, which was extended to Mexico as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994. More precisely, we estimate a Translog Gross National Product function and test for endogenously determined structural change allowing for anticipated and lagged responses to regional trade agreements. We found that Canada embarked on a long transition path prior to the implementation of the Canada-US Trade Agreement, a result reminiscent of Magee’s (2008) results concerning RTAs’ trade creation effects. In contrast, the United States experienced an abrupt structural change a year after the North American Free Trade Agreement took effect. This reflects that smaller economies benefitting from larger changes in terms of trade are confronted to more complex adjustment processes than larger economies. In the second essay, we empirically investigate the implications of the choice of dates when imposing local restrictions to maintain convexity in output prices and concavity in factor endowments in the the estimation of a GNP function approximated by a Translog (TL) function. Using macroeconomic data for Switzerland, we compare the TL to a Symmetric Normalized Quadratic (SNQ) function on which global curvature restrictions can be imposed. When the functions are unrestricted for curvature, convexity in prices is violated more often than concavity in factor endowments. The number of points for which both curvature conditions hold is sensitive to the date at which local restrictions are imposed on the TL, but estimated TL elasticities are robust. Through searching for an appropriate date, the TL matched the SNQ’s ability to impose curvature conditions at all points. However, many TL and SNQ elasticities differ in sign and magnitude. The likelihood dominance criterion and in-sample forecasts comparisons favored the TL. Thus, choosing a functional form solely based on the possibility of imposing global curvature conditions is not advised. In the last essay, we develop a strategic policy model inspired by the maple syrup industry. The province of Quebec accounts for 71% of the world’s production. We analyze how strategic policy choices and exchange rate pass-through are influenced by vertical linkages and production shocks which are observed after input prices are determined and “planned production” decisions are made. Downstream competition is modeled as a Bertrand duopoly with a home firm exporting all of its production to the importing country which is also supplied by a domestic downstream firm. We specifically examine two cases depending on whether the input price is negotiated between the input producer and the downstream firm in the exporting country or simply fixed by the input producer. We always assume that the upstream firm sets the input price in the importing country. Our analysis shows that the exporting government should subsidize production/exports and the foreign government should subsidize local production whatever the case chosen. We also show that when there is rationing, the exchange rate pass-through is charaterized by a threshold effect that is quite unlike the sort of theshold effect described in models with menu costs.
Martin, Julien. "Prix, qualité et commerce international". Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010035.
Pełny tekst źródłaEl, Hadri Hajare. "Désastres naturels et commerce international". Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE3006.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe history of the planet has always been marked by natural disasters. Nevertheless, their impacts on trade have been little explored. This thesis tries to bring to light the relationship between natural disasters and trade. A special attention was given to developing countries and their agricultural sector which is known to be particularly vulnerable to these shocks. The chapter 1 proposes to analyse the effect of natural disasters on total trade. We show that agricultural exports do not decrease ina systematic way in the aftermath of catastrophes. Therefore, the chapter 2 seeks to identify the transmission channels; and relies on bilateral trade models. We show that natural disasters affect agricultural exports through three mechanisms: a capability channel, a shipment channel and a preference channel. Finally, the chapter 3 explores the role played by drought in change of country‘s specialization. We show that a lack of precipitation leads to a change in exports at middle term
Monteagudo, Manuel. "L' indépendance de la banque centrale : aspects juridiques". Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010299.
Pełny tekst źródłaChavagneux, Christian. "Analyser les organisations économiques internationales (Fonds Monétaire International-Banque mondiale-Banque des règlements internationaux) : une approche en termes déconomie politique internationale". Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100106.
Pełny tekst źródłaDaumal, Marie. "Commerce international, fédéralisme et fragmentation politique". Paris 9, 2008. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2008PA090054.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work aims to find the links between international trade and political fragmentation of nations-states that have been universal phenomena since the eighties. The results of the first econometric study show that federal systems and separatist movements reinforce the trade globalization process. The second study calculates the degree of fragmentation of the Brazilian market and finds that the decentralization process aggravates this fragmentation and also reduces Brazilian states' insertion into the global market. The third and fourth studies investigate the impact of trade openness on regional inequalities in India and in Brazil. I find that India's trade liberalization reinforces greatly income inequalities among Indian states, which currently pose a threat to India's political unity. On the contrary, Brazil's trade openness reduces regional inequalities
Jean, Sébastien. "Commerce international et marché du travail". Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010041.
Pełny tekst źródłaLemonnier, Mariola. "La compensation dans le commerce international". Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT3004.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe barter transactions are continuously evoluting, not only their forms but also their applications in the international trade. These deals can appear under several forms: barter, counter-purchase, advance compensation, compensation deal, clearing, switch, debt-for-swap, countertrade, offset. They are not anymore simple clearing, switch, debt-for-swap, countertrade, offset. They are not anymore simple goods or services exchanges but complex operations, reserved to specialists, and the parties are faced to specific risks and not only to classical ones. The contracting parits are also faced to the complexity of the contracs, the confusion on terminology and the contradictory reaction of the institutional environment the aim of this present research is to bring a juridical contribution to the study of countertrade, that is how to choose the essential elements, the juridical qualification and the execution of the contracts. The analysis of all those agreements will show how specific they are in the international trade. Their identity will be shown by pointing out the contractual praxis, the freedom of the parties, their motivations, their constraints and the precautions to be taken
Thoenig, Mathias. "Commerce international et dynamique des inégalités". Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010008.
Pełny tekst źródłaGhazouani, Chiheb. "Le contrat de commerce électronique international". Paris 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA020013.
Pełny tekst źródłaMarchand, Aurore. "L'embargo en droit du commerce international". Thesis, Nancy 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN20010.
Pełny tekst źródłaUnavailable
Gozlan, Estelle. "Commerce international et sécurité des produits". Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100047.
Pełny tekst źródłaTournefier, Laure. "La Banque Européenne pour la reconstruction et le développement". Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26224.
Pełny tekst źródłaAs an international institution with a regional purpose, as a mixture of a private and development bank, the EBRD is without doubt a novel organisation.
But almost three years after its creation what is the assessment of this institution?
This thesis attempts not only to explain the existence of the Bank, the reasons which led to its creation but also to make explicit its mode of operation while casting a critical eye on its actions in Eastern Europe.
Oulmane, Nassim. "Nature du commerce, structure de marché et ajustement de l'emploi au commerce international". Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON10018.
Pełny tekst źródłaMorel-Maroger, Juliette. "Les opérations de banque en droit international privé : (étude de conflits de lois)". Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010268.
Pełny tekst źródłaKadikov, Artem. "International taxation of cross-border digital commerce". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ea6c6f2e-c65f-4fa5-945a-22eb71e12667.
Pełny tekst źródłaMekki, Rabiâa. "Comportement stratégique des firmes et commerce international". Le Mans, 2005. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2005/2005LEMA2001.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe thesis proposes to examine a relatively wide set of issues concerning the interrelation between firms' strategic behaviour and different dimensions oftheir econornic performance in alternative international economic settings. The initial theoretical modeling and subsequent empirical analysis constitute two relatively distinct avenues of research inquiry. The latter is applied to test econometrically a series of questions relating to the interrelation between trade, foreign direct investment, employment and productivity, using panel data for Tunisia and Morocco. The initial, but somewhat distinct, theoretical work considers a specifie set of issues relating to the role of vertical and horizontal differentiation, (respectively, in terrn of quality and varieties), for explaining the strategies and performance of firms under autarchy and international trade
Belfaleh, Adel. "Les Pratiques déloyales et le commerce international". Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05D014.
Pełny tekst źródłaGranger, Clotilde. "Normes de travail fondamentales et commerce international". Paris 9, 2003. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2003PA090036.
Pełny tekst źródłaCuenca, Christine. "Urbanisation, commerce international et développement en Méditerranée". Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX24016.
Pełny tekst źródłaTridi, Amine. "Les garanties bancaires dans le commerce international". Paris 10, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA100008.
Pełny tekst źródłaBonds, quarantees and letters of credit in the international trade are concerned by this study which try to have a general view about the practice over the world, with appreciation about the justice decisions on the subject
Le, Roy Dominique. "La Force majeure dans le commerce international". Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010267.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe notion of "force majeure" figuresin all the juridic systems, but these differ as far to the characters which they attribute to it. The international trade agents confronted with this diversity, which is imperfectly resolved by the conflict of laws, had tried to found a solution with specific clauses or by recourse to arbitration in case of dispute. However, it is more by precising the manner to front the consequences of the difficulties created by the "force majeure" than by its definition that the protagonists had put in evidence an uniform procedure. The contractors do not wish to renounce to the contract execution : even when it is greatly compromised, whole is done to preserve a part of it. The solution has been made possible by the development of duties of each party. Two aspects have to be distinguished: mutual information and cooperation to minimize the consequence of the "force majeure"
El, Harrak Mehdi. "Les contrats d'offset dans le commerce international". Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01D009.
Pełny tekst źródłaOffset contracts have been developed to regulate international trade transactions which are not taken into account by jurists. As a necessary economic counterbalance to get major international government procurement markets, offset has become essential in international trade. Barely mentioned in the areas of international trade law or international economic law, offset does not fall into any classification within the pre-existing legal classifications. This practice logically preceded its legal conceptualization and remains reluctant to abstraction and differs from country to country. Given its decisive importance in the award of the most important international public contracts, the World Trade Organization has tried to define the offset to prohibit it. This ban is now spreading within international economic law by being taken up in free trade agreements. In the article IV of the Revised Agreement on Government Procurement of the World Trade Organisation, the offset ban concerns the buying country: "With regard to covered procurement, a Party, including its procuring entities, shall not seek, take account of, impose or enforce any offset ». Despite this ban, the importance of offset in the award of the most important international government procurement is growing irrepressibly
Talau, Jean-Marc. "L'arbitre du commerce international source de droit". Orléans, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ORLE0003.
Pełny tekst źródłaArfaoui, Besma. "L'interprétation arbitrale du contrat de commerce international". Limoges, 2008. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/a42a29d6-dce9-4616-9ff4-3f7c8c2ed8a0/blobholder:0/2008LIMO1004.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaInterpreting the contract, the arbitror of internationl commerce built up a number of general principles that consolidate the building of standards specific to the needs of the traders'international community. The general principles of Lex Mercatorea make of the arbitror an objective law source. In addition to this constituent resulted by the interpretative approach of the arbitrator, there is the second aspect which the arbitration interpretation of the international commerce contract comes out with. This aspect highlights the role of arbitrator as a source of subjective laws, a role related to the determinationof prerogatives and obligations respective to the parties. This determination leads to a debate relative to the range of powers of the arbitror with regard to the contract. The creative dimension related to the interpretative approach of the arbitrator becomes more pronounced with the restricted control of state jusrisdictions. This control controls the distortion committed by the arbitrator and the revision in the sentence of the proscription not to get over
Weiszberg, Guillaume. "Le raisonnable en droit du commerce international". Paris 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA020047.
Pełny tekst źródłaNowak, Jean-Jacques. "Syndrome néerlandais et théorie du commerce international /". Paris : Économica, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37066802x.
Pełny tekst źródłaMekki, Rabiâa Abdel Rahman Kamal. "Comportement stratégique des firmes et commerce international". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2005/2005LEMA2001.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaDe, Soyres François. "Trois essais en commerce international et macroéconomie". Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU10006/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis contains three essays on international trade and macroeconomics, with a special focus on the role of input-output linkages. In the first chapter, I study the relationship between international trade and business cycle synchronization. Using data from 40 OECD countries and major emerging markets, I find that trade in intermediate inputs plays a significant role in synchronizing GDP fluctuations across countries while trade in final goods is not significant. Motivated by this new fact, I build a model of international trade in intermediates that is able to replicate more than 85% of the empirical trade-comovement slope, offering the first quantitative solution for the “Trade Comovement Puzzle”. The model relies on two key assumptions: (i) price distortions due to monopolistic competition and (ii) fluctuations in the mass of firms serving each country. The combination of those ingredients creates a link between domestic measured productivity and foreign shocks through trade linkages. Finally, I provide evidence for the importance of those elements in the link between foreign shocks and domestic GDP and test other predictions of the model. In the second chapter, Guillaume Sublet and I propose a model of international trade with heterogeneous firms and global value chains. Firms access new varieties when breaking into any foreign market and jointly choose where to import from and to export to. The unit production cost depends on the importing/exporting strategy of each firm as well the strategy of a firm's direct and indirect suppliers, giving rise to complementarities across firms decisions. In general, the model admits multiple equilibria. In this context, we study the consequences of trade disruption between two countries on global trade flows and show that aggregate trade flows can be complements rather than substitutes. As a result, any trade disruption between two specific countries propagates to all other trading partners through the network of input-output linkages. Hence, imposing sanctions to one country leads to a reduction in trade between all other countries. We further test the empirical implication of our theoretical framework. In the third chapter, Shekhar Tomar and I study the consequence of a technological improvement in one sector on employment in sectors located downstream in the supply-chain. On the one hand, if material and labor are gross substitute in the production function, the price decrease for the former tends to reduce labor demand for the latter per unit produced. On the other hand, the upstream positive technological shock also increases the number of unit produced through a decrease in the marginal cost. The net effect on employment simply depends on the ratio between the elasticity of substitution in the production function and the price elasticity of demand. We estimate those parameters at the sector level using detailed French data and show that employment sensitivity of sectors following a decrease in their material input price are very heterogeneous. Consequences for forecasting the effect of an increase in machine efficiency are discussed
Ali, Salamat. "Trade costs in international trade". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/48813/.
Pełny tekst źródłaMazerolle, Fabrice. "Echange international et marché du travail". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987IEPP0012.
Pełny tekst źródłaHamadi, Chakib. "La qualité perçue de l'"Internet banking" et son impact sur la satisfaction et l'engagement du client". Toulouse 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU10009.
Pełny tekst źródłaDorca, Sébastien. "Les normes environnementales et sociales dans le commerce international". Toulouse 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU10047.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe upsurge of international trade has triggered increasing unequalities in revenus between and inside countries. It has also created more important pressures on environment. This thesis aims at questionning the interest of introducing social and environment standards to correct social economical and environmental problems created by the increase of international trade. Such standards are in fact necessary to fight the unbalance inherent in globalization that can put at risk by this unbalance. Despite their initial cost, these standards generate economic benefits since they increase firm productivity thanks to the innovation. They also enable firms to catch markets shares where quality, environmental and social considerations are a key element in competitivity. They also favour clear strategies lowering incertainty. They imply macroeconomic advantages for countries. Moreover, social and environmental standards may back and dynamise international trade. But the advantages of social and environmental norms are conditionned by institutional aspects. As the implementation of social environment standards prevention-precaution principles and the polluter-payer system which are basic to such standards must be adapted to the economical situation. Then, social and environment standards must be examinated through cost-benefits analysis. Last but not least these standards have to be constraining what implies institutional reforms, since internationally countries do not seem to be capable of implementing such norms. So, the international institutional system must be reformed by creating a World Environment Organisation and by increasing the power of International Labor Organisation
Bumrungsuk, Chutamas. "Essays on international trade policy". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/55923/.
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