Artykuły w czasopismach: „Banksia”

1

Carpenter, Raymond J., Gregory J. Jordan i Robert S. Hill. "Fossil leaves of Banksia, Banksieae and pretenders: resolving the fossil genus Banksieaephyllum". Australian Systematic Botany 29, nr 2 (2016): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb16005.

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The genus Banksieaephyllum, originally erected for cuticle-bearing fossil leaves of subtribe Banksiinae (Proteaceae subfamily Grevilleoideae, tribe Banksieae), is reassessed. Of the 18 described species, nine are accepted within Banksia, including Banksieaephyllum obovatum Cookson & Duigan, which is synonymised with B. laeve Cookson & Duigan on the basis of new cuticular preparations. Two other species are transferred to Banksieaefolia gen. nov., a genus erected for Banksieae of uncertain affinities, and which presently includes only fossils that probably belong to subtribe Musgraveinae. The seven other Banksieaephyllum species lack definitive characters of Proteaceae (i.e. brachyparacytic stomata and annular trichome bases) and do not have Banksieae-type cylindrical trichome bases. These species are, therefore, not accepted as Proteaceae and are transferred to Pseudobanksia gen. nov., together with another fossil Banksia-like leaf species, Phyllites yallournensis Cookson & Duigan. Lectotypes are chosen for Banksia fastigata H.Deane, Banksieaephyllum acuminatum Cookson & Duigan, Banksieaephyllum angustum Cookson & Duigan and Banksieaephyllum laeve Cookson & Duigan. Implications arising from the re-assessment of Banksieaephyllum include clarification of biome conservatism in Banksieae; Banksia has long had an association with relatively open, sclerophyllous vegetation, and Musgraveinae with rainforest. Pseudobanksia and Banksia share convergent traits, but in contrast to Banksia, Pseudobanksia failed to survive the drying climates and increased fire-frequencies of the Neogene.

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2

Maguire, T. L., i M. Sedgley. "Interspecific and Intergeneric Pistil - Pollen Compatibility of Banksia coccinea (Proteaceae)". Australian Journal of Botany 46, nr 4 (1998): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt96095.

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Interspecific and intergeneric pollen-tube growth was investigated using controlled hand pollinations of Banksia coccinea R.Br., 35 species of Banksia L.f., and three species of the related genus Dryandra R.Br. Currently, the relationship between B. coccinea and other species groups within Banksia is unclear. Some species supported no germination of B. coccinea pollen, some supported normal pollen-tube growth and others produced pollen-tube abnormalities including thickened walls, bulbous swellings, directionless growth, burst tips and branched tubes. Control of pollen-tube growth in the pistil was imposed in the pollen presenter and upper style. There was no significant reciprocal effect on pollination success in the lower style. The results of pollen-tube compatability in the lower style indicated that B. coccinea has a closer affinity to the section Oncostylis, than the section Banksia where it is currently placed. Intergeneric crosses of B. coccinea with Dryandra species resulted in some compatibility, with one cross having low numbers of pollen-tubes in the pollen presenter and upper style region. These results indicate a close relationship between Banksia and Dryandra, which are sister genera in the tribe Banksiae, family Proteaceae.

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Greenwood, David R., Peter W. Haines i David C. Steart. "New species of Banksieaeformis and a Banksia 'cone' (Proteaceae) from the tertiary of central Australia". Australian Systematic Botany 14, nr 6 (2001): 871. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb97028.

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Silicified leaf impressions attributed to the tribe Banksieae (Proteaceae) are reported from a new Tertiary macroflora from near Glen Helen, Northern Territory and from the Miocene Stuart Creek macroflora, northern South Australia. The fossil leaf material is described and placed in Banksieaeformis Hill & Christophel. Banksieaeformis serratus sp. nov. is very similar in gross morphology to the extant Banksia baueri R.Br. and B. serrata L.f. and is therefore representative of a leaf type in Banksia that is widespread geographically and climatically within Australia and that is unknown in Dryandra or other genera of the Banksieae. The leaf material from Stuart Creek and Woomera represents the lobed leaf form typical of Paleogene macrofloras from southern Australia, but one species,B. langii sp. nov., is closely similar in gross form to Banksieaephyllum taylorii R.J.Carpenter, G.J.Jordan & R.S.Hill et al. from the Late Paleocene of New South Wales and similarly may be sclerophyllous. Also reported are impressions of Banksia infructescences, or ‘seed cones’, in Neogene sediments near Marree and Woomera, South Australia. These fossils demonstrate the presence of Banksiinae in central Australia in the mid-Tertiary, potentially indicating the former existence of linking corridors between now widely separated populations of Banksia.

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Wooller, S. J., i R. D. Wooller. "Seed set in two sympatric banksias, Banksia attenuata and B. baxteri". Australian Journal of Botany 49, nr 5 (2001): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt00084.

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Two species of banksia, studied on the south coast of Western Australia, flowered simultaneously and had floral characteristics often associated with vertebrate pollination. The pollen of both was carried by honeyeater birds and small mammals (honey possums). Despite this, differential exclusion of vertebrates and invertebrates from inflorescences indicated that Banksia attenuata set substantial quantities of seed when visited only by invertebrates, although seed set increased with the addition of vertebrate visitors. Banksia baxteri set much seed in the absence of any animal visitors and seed set increased with invertebrate, but not vertebrate, visitation. We suggest that these differences in pollination strategies reflect regeneration by B. baxteri solely from canopy seeds released after fire, whereas B. attenuata also regenerates from seeds released between fires, as well as from lignotubers and epicormic buds.

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Mast, Austin R., i Kevin Thiele. "The transfer of Dryandra R.Br. to Banksia L.f. (Proteaceae)". Australian Systematic Botany 20, nr 1 (2007): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb06016.

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Phylogenies inferred from both chloroplast and nuclear DNA regions have placed the south-west Australian genus Dryandra R. Br. (93 spp.) among the descendents of the most recent common ancestor of the more widespread Australian genus Banksia L.f. (80 spp.). Here we consider the alternative solutions to maintaining monophyly at the generic rank and choose to make new combinations and replacement names for Dryandra in Banksia. We make the new combination Banksia ser. Dryandra in Banksia subgen. Banksia for 108 of the 109 new combinations at the ranks of species, subspecies, and variety and all 18 of the replacement names. We treat Banksia subgen. Banksia as the most inclusive clade that includes the type of Banksia (B. serrata) but not B. integrifolia. We erect Banksia subgen. Spathulatae to accommodate the species in the most inclusive clade that includes B. integrifolia but not B. serrata. These two subgenera of Banksia are equivalent to the clades informally called /Cryptostomata and /Phanerostomata elsewhere. We treat one of the new combinations, Banksia subulata, as incertae sedis within Banksia subgen. Banksia.

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McFarland, DC. "Flowering Biology and Phenology of Banksia integrifolia and B. spinulosa (Proteaceae) in New England National Park, N.S.W". Australian Journal of Botany 33, nr 6 (1985): 705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9850705.

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The flowering biology and phenology of two species of Banksia, including anthesis rates, inflorescence survivorship and nectar production, were examined in the Northern Tablelands, N.S.W. Rainfall, temperature and wind are all important factors in determining nectar productivity and availability. The species investigated here are compared with other banksias studied elsewhere in Australia.

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7

Halling, Roy E., i Alex S. George. "The Banksia Book." Brittonia 38, nr 2 (kwiecień 1986): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2807272.

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Mack, Charlotte L., i Lynne A. Milne. "New Banksieaeidites species and pollen morphology in Banksia". Australian Systematic Botany 29, nr 5 (2016): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb15049.

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Cookson (1950) erected the fossil pollen genus Banksieaeidites to accommodate palynomorphs with characters resembling those of the extant Proteaceae genus Banksia. One of the most commonly reported species, Banksieaeidites arcuatus Stover & A.D.Partr., is now known to more closely resemble pollen of the Proteaceae subtribe Musgraveinae, than that of subtribe Banksiinae. The late Eocene Mulga Rock deposits in the southern Officer Basin of Western Australia have yielded palynofloras that contain up to 7% of two new species that can confidently be aligned with pollen of modern Banksia. Banksieaeidites davidsonii sp. nov. and B. rugulus sp. nov. are formally described, and pollen from eight extant Banksia are described and compared with the two fossil species. The variation in extant Banksia L.f. pollen morphology, and that between the two Banksia subgenera (B. subgenus Banksia and B. subgenus Spathulatae A.R.Mast & K.R.Thiele) are discussed, and the changes in the morphology of Banksia pollen grains as they mature are reported.

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9

Maguire, TL, M. Sedgley i JG Conran. "Banksia Sect. Coccinea (Proteaceae), a new section". Australian Systematic Botany 9, nr 6 (1996): 887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9960887.

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A new section of Banksia, sect. Coccinea (A.S.George) T.L.Maguire, M.Sedgley & J.G.Conran, is described to include the single, but phylogenetically isolated species, Banksia coccinea R.Br. Sectional classification is based on the distinct morphological features of B. coccinea and its pollen–pistil compatibility to other species of Banksia. Interspecific pollination shows lower style compatibility with species of sect. Oncostylis, rather than sect. Banksia, where B. coccinea is currently placed. Due to the lack of lower style compatibility with sect. Banksia and B. coccinea's distinctive morphology, it is proposed to erect a new monotypic section as sister to sect. Oncostylis.

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10

Mast, Austin R., Eric H. Jones i Shawn P. Havery. "An assessment of old and new DNA sequence evidence for the paraphyly of Banksia with respect to Dryandra (Proteaceae)". Australian Systematic Botany 18, nr 1 (2005): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb04015.

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Banksia (80 spp.; Proteaceae) has undergone extensive speciation and adaptive radiation on the island continent of Australia. Its members range from prostrate shrubs in the dry, infertile sandplains to 25 m tall trees in the loams of river margins, and they display striking variation in their fire survival strategies and floral and foliar morphologies. We examine the weight of both previously published (most trnL intron, trnL/F spacer, and rpl16 intron data) and new (matK, atpB, and waxy data, as well as most ITS data) DNA sequence evidence for the paraphyly of Banksia with respect to a monophyletic Dryandra (93 spp.). The nuclear waxy gene appears to be at two loci in the Proteaceae, and sequences presumably from the same locus resolve Banksia as paraphyletic with respect to Dryandra. The waxy and combined chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) data reject the monophyly of Banksia at a threshold of P = 0.05 using the winning sites and Kishino–Hasegawa tests. We consider this result and the repeated placement of Dryandra in the same clade (/Cryptostomata) of Banksia with each separate analysis of the DNA datasets (cpDNA, ITS, and waxy), to be strong molecular support for the paraphyly of Banksia with respect to Dryandra. The morphological synapomorphy of beaked follicles for /Cryptostomata (including Dryandra) reinforces this conclusion. We argue that realignment of taxa to produce one or more monophyletic genera is best attained by moving the taxa of Dryandra to Banksia. This would produce an easily recognised genus Banksia with four morphological synapomorphies. It would also probably confer some of the research attention garnered by the adaptive radiation of Banksia to the under-studied taxa of Dryandra, for Dryandra makes the radiation of Banksia even more remarkable.

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Sedgley, M., M. G. Wirthensohn i K. L. Delaporte. "Interspecific Hybridization between Banksia hookeriana Meisn. and Banksia prionotes Lindl. (Proteaceae)". International Journal of Plant Sciences 157, nr 5 (wrzesień 1996): 638–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/297385.

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Jordan, GI, i RS Hill. "Two new Banksia species from pleistocene sediments in western Tasmania". Australian Systematic Botany 4, nr 3 (1991): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9910499.

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Subtribe Banksiinae of the Proteaceae was diverse in Tasmania in the early and middle Tertiary, but is now restricted to two species, Banksia marginata and B. serrata. Rapid and extreme environmental changes during the Pleistocene are likely causes of the extinction of some Banksia species in Tasmania. Such extinctions may have been common in many taxonomic groups. The leaves and infructescences of Banksia kingii Jordan & Hill, sp. nov. are described from late Pleistocene sediments. This is the most recent macrofossil record of a now extinct species in Tasmania. Banksia kingii is related to the extant B. saxicola. Banksia strahanensis Jordan & Hill, sp. nov. (known only from a leaf and leaf fragments and related to B. spinulosa) is described from Early to Middle Pleistocene sediments in Tasmania. This represents the third Pleistocene macrofossil record of a plant species which is now extinct in Tasmania.

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13

Sedgley, M., i A. M. Fuss. "REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF BANKSIA". Acta Horticulturae, nr 387 (czerwiec 1995): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1995.387.22.

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He, Tianhua, Byron B. Lamont i Katherine S. Downes. "Banksia born to burn". New Phytologist 191, nr 1 (9.03.2011): 184–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03663.x.

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Carpenter, Raymond J., i Lynne A. Milne. "New species of xeromorphic Banksia (Proteaceae) foliage and Banksia-like pollen from the late Eocene of Western Australia". Australian Journal of Botany 68, nr 3 (2020): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt19110.

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Banksia microphylla leaf fossils and Banksieaeidites zanthus pollen are newly described from late Eocene lignite of the Zanthus-11 borehole, drilled east of Norseman in Western Australia. The leaf fossils are the first known in Banksia to show extreme narrowness (<1.5 mm wide) combined with the xeromorphic trait of margins rolled onto the lower surface so that the diffusely placed stomata are exposed to the outside environment only via grooves on each side of a thick, abaxial midrib. Both this Banksia leaf type and another with encrypted stomata evolved before the widespread initiation of severe climatic aridity in the late Neogene, likely in regions of edaphic infertility and periodic water stress. New interpretations of leaf morphology and foliar evolutionary pathways in Banksia are proposed. Banksia microphylla probably belongs to subgenus Spathulatae, where it strongly resembles many species in the large, wholly Western Australian clade that includes most species in section Oncostylis, series Abietinae. Banksieaeidites zanthus is morphologically consistent with Banksia pollen, and its extremely small size also suggests placement in Spathulatae. The new fossils and other evidence from Zanthus-11 indicate the local presence of quite open, sclerophyll vegetation with conifers, which was unlikely to have been frequently burnt.

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16

Renshaw, A., i S. Burgin. "Enantiomorphy in Banksia (Proteaceae): flowers and fruits". Australian Journal of Botany 56, nr 4 (2008): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt07073.

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There is a history of discrepancy in the interpretation of floral symmetry in the genus Banksia L.f. The variation arises not just from the potential nuances of symmetry terminology, as variation is also found in the diagrams that describe it. This paper clarifies the issue of the orientation of the ovaries within a Banksia unit inflorescence. Dissection of 2400 flowers in situ from four Banksia species has revealed the Banksia unit inflorescence to be enantiomorphic (having left-right asymmetry) due to the orientation of the ovaries. The asymmetry of the ovary and its pronounced development of the anterior side in fruit formation means that fruits are also readily distinguished as having arisen from either a left- or right-handed flower.

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Hackett, Damian J., i Ross L. Goldingay. "Pollination of Banksia spp. by non-flying mammals in north-eastern New South Wales". Australian Journal of Botany 49, nr 5 (2001): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt00004.

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Despite the accumulating evidence that non-flying mammals are effective pollinators, further research is required to clarify how widespread this phenomenon is. The role of non-flying mammals as pollinators of four species of Banksia was investigated in north-eastern New South Wales. Nine species of non-flying mammals were captured amongst flowering Banksia and all carried variable amounts of Banksia pollen on their fur or in their faeces. Although not captured, feathertail gliders (Acrobates pygmaeus) were observed foraging at Banksia inflorescences. Squirrel gliders (Petaurus norfolcensis) visiting B. integrifoliaand pale field-rats (Rattus tunneyi) visiting B. ericifolia, carried substantial loads of pollen. Fur pollen loads for these species were of a magnitude similar to those of nectarivorous birds that were sampled closer to the time of foraging. Assessment of newly opened flowers indicated that considerable amounts of pollen were removed at night. The results of a pollinator exclusion experiment were inconclusive but B. ericifolia inflorescences exposed to nocturnal pollinators had consistently high fruit-set. This study lends additional support to the notion that pollination of Banksia by non-flying mammals is widespread.

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Johnston, Teagan R., William D. Stock i Peter R. Mawson. "Implications of Banksia seed reward for conservation and management of Carnaby’s cockatoo on the Swan coastal plain, Western Australia". Australian Journal of Zoology 67, nr 1 (2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo19057.

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The food resource utilisation of six species of Banksia by the endangered Carnaby’s cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus latirostris) was investigated on the Swan coastal plain, Western Australia, over a 12-month period. The energy yield from the seeds harvested by the cockatoos was determined and the information was combined with data on the number of infructescences produced per hectare, the average seed yield per infructescence and the average rate of harvest of that species of seed by the cockatoos to calculate estimates of the number of infructescences required to support a single cockatoo per day under a range of scenarios. Over 65% of infructescences of each species of Banksia handled by the cockatoos were consumed for seed. Banksia sessilis had the largest number of infructescences and follicles manipulated by Carnaby’s cockatoos. The energy content of Banksia seed was 20–23 kJ g–1. Seed weight varied from 0.075 ± 0.016 (s.e.) g for B. attenuata to 0.007 ± 0.002 (s.e.) g for B. sessilis. The number of infructescences required to meet the birds’ daily energy intake ranged from 14 for B. grandis to 3821 for B. sessilis. The results have important implications for the continued capacity of the Swan coastal plain to support Carnaby’s cockatoos, for the future survival of obligate seeding Banksia spp. and for anthropogenic revegetation programs utilising Banksia spp.

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Mast, Austin R. "Molecular systematics of subtribe Banksiinae (Banksia and Dryandra; Proteaceae) Based on cpDNA and nrDNA sequence data: Implications for taxonomy and biogeography". Australian Systematic Botany 11, nr 4 (1998): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb97026.

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Despite considerable research interest in the subtribe Banksiinae (Banksia L.f. and Dryandra R.Br.), no strongly supported phylogenetic hypothesis for the relationship between the genera exists, nor have molecular characters been sampled for phylogenetic reconstruction at any level. In this study, DNA sequence characters were sampled from chloroplast DNA (cpDNA; the trnL intron, the trnL 3′ exon, and the spacer between the trnL 3′ exon and trnF) and nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA; both internal transcribed spacers) of 18 species of Banksia and five of Dryandra, with six outgroup taxa from the subfamily Grevilleoideae. The molecular characters provided the opportunity to code taxa outside of Banksia for cladistic comparison with the genus—an opportunity not previously provided by morphological characters. Cladistic analyses, using parsimony, explored the effects of various weightings of transition to transversion events and base substitution to insertion and deletion events to determine which relationships in the cladograms were robust. The trnL/trnF and ITS characters strongly supported a paraphyletic Banksia with respect to a monophyletic Dryandra. The molecular results supported a single root for Thiele and Ladiges’(1996) unrooted morphological cladogram along the branch between the Isotylis to B. fuscolutea clade and the Grandes to B. tricuspis clade. George’s (1981) subgenus Banksia and section Banksia appeared dramatically non-monophyletic. The distribution of eastern taxa at derived positions on the molecular cladograms suggested considerable cladogenesis in the the genus prior to the formation of the Nullarbor Plain during the Tertiary.

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Woodside, D. P., i G. H. Pyke. "A Comparison of Bats and Birds as Pollinators of Banksia integrifolia in Northern New South Wales, Australia." Australian Mammalogy 18, nr 1 (1995): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am95009.

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We captured Queensland Blossom Bats (Syconycteris australis) feeding at the flowers of Banksia integrifolia during the night and several honeyeater species feeding at the same flowers during the day. Nearby were flowering Melaleuca quinquenervia and various forested areas including littoral rainforest. Honeyeaters appear to be more frequent visitors to the Banksia flowers than Blossom Bats but less effective at transporting pollen. When they are feeding at Banksia flowers both birds and bats carry pollen on the parts of their bodies that contact successive inflorescences. Hence, both honeyeaters and bats are likely to be pollinators of B. integrifolia in our study area. However, the flowers produce nectar and dehisce pollen primarily at night, suggesting that Blossom Bats are more important than honeyeaters as pollinators of this plant. Banksia pollen was the most common item in the diet of the Blossom Bats during our study and the bats were able to digest the contents of this pollen. Interestingly, the diet of these animals also included relatively small amounts of Melaleuca pollen, fruit and arthropods. The spatial and temporal patterns of capture of the Blossom Bats suggested that Blossom Bats prefer to forage at Banksia flowers that are near to the forested areas and that adult bats may influence where and when younger bats feed. Banksia integrifolia appears to produce nectar mostly during the night and/or early morning in two different locations, one coastal and one on the tablelands, but shows different daily patterns of pollen anthesis in these locations.

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Lee, Jessica, Hugh Finn i Michael Calver. "Feeding activity of threatened black cockatoos in mine-site rehabilitation in the jarrah forest of south-western Australia". Australian Journal of Zoology 61, nr 2 (2013): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo12101.

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Land clearing threatens three black cockatoo species (forest red-tailed black cockatoo, (Calyptorhynchus banksii naso), Carnaby’s cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus latirostris), and Baudin’s cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus baudinii) endemic to south-western Australia, so revegetation is important to their recovery. Over three years we studied cockatoo activity in 7–14-year-old mine-site rehabilitation in the region’s jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata)–marri (Corymbia calophylla) forest to give the most detailed description to date of the use of rehabilitation by the birds. Pits varied floristically and structurally (despite similar rehabilitation prescriptions), but interior and exterior plots (100 m2) were similar within pits. Using feeding traces (e.g. chewed husks), and behavioural observations we confirmed feeding within eight years of revegetation. Plots containing feeding trace were similar to plots without, so factors determining black cockatoo feeding may not be apparent at small scales. Returning food resources reflected vegetation succession, with regenerating marri and fast-maturing proteaceous species providing most food. Carnaby’s cockatoo ate Banksia and Hakea seeds and Baudin’s cockatoo and the forest red-tailed black cockatoo consumed marri seeds. Banksia squarrosa, Hakea undulata, H. prostrata and marri were common foods in all years. Revegetation efforts elsewhere should consider these species, within the constraints of rehabilitation protocols addressing multiple aims.

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Wooller, S. J., i R. D. Wooller. "Mixed mating in Banksia media". Australian Journal of Botany 50, nr 5 (2002): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt01075.

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Differential exclusion of vertebrates and invertebrates from the inflorescences of Banksia media R.Br. on the south coast of Western Australia showed the species to be partially self-compatible. Access by invertebrates increased fruit set and additional access by vertebrates resulted in even greater fruit set. Honeyeater birds and marsupial nectarivores were abundant and widespread in the study area and most carried the pollen of Banksia media while it flowered. However, although B. media had the floral characteristics attributed to vertebrate pollination, self-pollination and pollination by insects clearly also play major roles in seed production. Banksia media regenerates solely from seed released after fire and we suggest that its mixed mating strategy is a compromise between inbreeding depression and risk of elimination from areas prone to occasional fires.

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WHELAN, ROBERT J., i ROSS L. GOLDINGAY. "Do pollinators influence seed-set in Banksia paludosa Sm. and Banksia spinulosa R. Br.?" Austral Ecology 11, nr 2 (czerwiec 1986): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.1986.tb01389.x.

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Carthew, SM, DJ Ayre i RJ Whelan. "High-Levels of Outcrossing in Populations of Banksia spinulosa R.Br. and Banksia paludosa Smith". Australian Journal of Botany 36, nr 2 (1988): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9880217.

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Rates of outcrossing were measured for two species of Banksia at Barren Grounds Nature Reserve, near Robertson, N.S.W. For B. spinulosa in a woodland area, both single-locus and multi-locus estimates of outcrossing approached the levels predicted for panmixia. A single-locus estimate for B. paludosa cohabiting the same site and a nearby heathland site gave similarly high estimates of outcrossing.

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Conran, JG, i HT Clifford. "Variation in Banksia oblongifolia Cav. (Proteaceae)". Brunonia 10, nr 2 (1987): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bru9870177.

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Banksia oblongifolia Cav. is presently regarded as a variable species. The variation, however, appears to be discontinuous, thereby permitting the rec- ognition of two taxa differing in seedling and adult morphology and ecology. Differences are reported between these taxa in plant height, leaf length, branch length, stem number, seed set and shape, as observed for populations growing in the field, and cotyledon length, leaf length, plant height and lignotuber development, under cultivation. A new varietal combination, Banksia oblongifolia var. minor (Maiden & Camfield) Conran & Cliff, is recognised and circumscribed for one of the taxa. Banksia oblongifolia var. oblongifolia is redefined. The relationships between the two taxa are discussed.

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Raven, John A. "Nucleic acid requirement of plants from low phosphorus habitats. A Commentary on: Foliar nutrient-allocation patterns in Banksia attenuata and Banksia sessilis differing in growth rate and adaptation to low-phosphorus habitats". Annals of Botany 128, nr 4 (23.07.2021): iv—vi. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcab084.

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This article comments on: Zhongming Han, Jianmin Shi, Jiayin Pang, Li Yan, Patrick M. Finnegan and Hans Lambers. Foliar nutrient allocation patterns in Banksia attenuata and Banksia sessilis differing in growth rate and adaptation to low-phosphorus habitats, Annals of Botany, Volume 128, Issue 4, 03 September 2021, Pages 419–430, https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcab013

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Aryantha, Nyoman Pugeg, i David I. Guest. "Phosphonate (PO3-) Effectiveness Against Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands on Thryptomene calycina, Banksia grandis and Banksia spinulosa". Plant Pathology Journal 3, nr 1 (15.12.2004): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ppj.2004.19.25.

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Fuss, A. M., S. J. Pattison, D. Aspinall i M. Sedgley. "Shoot growth in relation to cut flower production of Banksia coccinea and Banksia menziesii (Proteaceae)". Scientia Horticulturae 49, nr 3-4 (marzec 1992): 323–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4238(92)90168-c.

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Qiu, Song, Arthur J. McComb i Richard W. Bell. "Leaf Litter Decomposition and Nutrient Dynamics in Woodland and Wetland Conditions along a Forest to Wetland Hillslope". ISRN Soil Science 2012 (19.07.2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/346850.

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Leaf litters of jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata Donn ex Sm.) and banksia (Banksia menziesii R. Br.) were decomposed at woodland and wetland conditions for two years to test site influence on the rates of decomposition. Weight loss was rapid in early rains but slowed substantially in the following months, resulting in 2/3 to 1/2 weights remaining after two years of field exposure. Litter weight loss was well described by a two-substrate quality decay model (R2=0.97−0.99), and the half-lives were 2.6–3.2 weeks (labile fraction) and 6.4–6.9 years (recalcitrant fraction) for jarrah, and 1.0–1.7 weeks (labile) and 6.6–9.9 years (recalcitrant) for banksia. The nutrient mobility was K≈Mg≈S>Ca>P, and the losses of K, Mg and S were correlated with the weight loss of litter (R2=0.77−0.94, P<0.03). P mass increased by 129% in jarrah litter and 174% in banksia litter in the woodland site, suggesting woodland with tree cover provided a better habitat for microbial biomass than non-inundated wetland, hence a notable P conservation in the decomposing litter.

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30

Thiele, K., i PY Ladiges. "The Banksia integrifolia L.f. species complex (Proteaceae)". Australian Systematic Botany 7, nr 4 (1994): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9940393.

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The Banksia integrifolia (Proteaceae : Grevilleoideae) species complex currently comprises three varieties: var. aquilonia from northern Queensland; var. integrifolia from coastal Victoria and New South Wales; and var. compar, which is polymorphic and comprises two forms, a coastal form from southern Queensland and a montane form from north-eastern New South Wales and south-eastern Queensland. Ordination analysis of morphological characters of adults and seedlings indicates that the montane populations of var. compar comprise a separate taxon, which is phenetically closer to var. integrifolia than it is to typical var. compar. Banksia integrifolia var. aquilonia is phenetically quite distinct from the remaining taxa. The new names and combinations Banksia integrifolia subsp. monticola K.R. Thiele, B. integrifolia subsp. aquilonia (A.S. George) K.R. Thiele and B. integrifolia subsp. compar (R.Br.) K.R. Thiele are published.

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31

Mabberley, D. J. "The type of Silene banksia (Caryophyllaceae)". Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants 48, nr 3 (28.11.2003): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/000651903x489483.

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32

Lamont, Byron, i S. W. Connell. "Biogeography of Banksia in southwestern Australia". Journal of Biogeography 23, nr 3 (maj 1996): 295–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.1996.00027.x.

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Olsen, Penny. "Banksia Lady: Celia Rosser, Botanical Artist". Australian Historical Studies 47, nr 1 (2.01.2016): 171–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1031461x.2016.1124365.

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USHER, A. V., D. J. AYRE i R. J. WHELAN. "Microsatellites for eastern Australian Banksia species". Molecular Ecology Notes 5, nr 4 (grudzień 2005): 821–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.01075.x.

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Carthew, Susan M. "Population genetic structure of Banksia spinulosa". Heredity 70, nr 6 (czerwiec 1993): 566–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1993.83.

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36

ABBOTT, IAN. "REPRODUCTIVE ECOLOGY OF BANKSIA GRANDIS (PROTEACEAE)". New Phytologist 99, nr 1 (styczeń 1985): 129–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1985.tb03643.x.

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Heliyanto, Bambang, Erik J. Veneklaas, Hans Lambers i Siegfried L. Krauss. "Preferential outcrossing in Banksia ilicifolia (Proteaceae)". Australian Journal of Botany 53, nr 2 (2005): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt04011.

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The breeding system of Banksia ilicifolia was assessed by performing controlled hand-pollination manipulations on flowers in a natural population in Perth, Western Australia. The percentage of 2000 flowers per treatment converted to fruits and seeds was assessed across 24 recipient plants following (1) self-pollination, (2) local outcross pollination (same population), (3) non-local outcross pollination (pollen sourced from another population 30 km away), (4) unpollinated but bagged flowers and (5) unpollinated, unbagged flowers (natural pollination). The relative performance of the resulting seeds was assessed by seed weight, germination rates and, in an unplanned component of the study, resistance to a fungal pathogen. The percentage of flowers converted to fruits following self-pollination was low (0.9%), but demonstrated self-compatibility. Fruit set following cross-pollinations (3.6 and 3.3% for non-local and local crosses, respectively) was significantly greater than that following self-pollination, open-pollination (0.4%) and autogamous (0.04%) treatments. Low fruit set for open-pollinated flowers, compared with self- and outcross-pollination treatments, suggests pollen limitation. Pollen tubes were observed in 15 and 20% of upper styles of flowers hand-pollinated with self and local outcross pollen, respectively. Seed germination was dependent on the source of pollen, where fewer selfed seeds germinated (37%) than did both non-local and local outcrossed seeds (83 and 91%, respectively). Selfed seedlings showed poorer survival (33.3%) following fungal attack than both non-local and local outcrossed seeds (69.2 and 68.5%, respectively). Only 13% of selfed seeds survived to be 2-month-old seedlings, compared with 63% for non-local and 57% for local outcrossed seeds. Ultimately, for 2000 flowers hand-pollinated with self pollen, only three seedlings survived to an age of 16 weeks, compared with 37 and 45 seedlings for local-cross and non-local cross treatments on 2000 hand-pollinated flowers, respectively. These results indicate that in this population, B. ilicifolia is self-compatible, but preferentially outcrossing, with strong early acting inbreeding depression. Consequently, the breeding system of B. ilicifolia promotes the maintenance of genetic variation and a high genetic load.

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Thiele, K., i PY Ladiges. "A cladistic analysis of Banksia (Proteaceae)". Australian Systematic Botany 9, nr 5 (1996): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9960661.

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Banksia is a genus of more than 90 taxa, many of which are common and characteristic in sclerophyll communities in eastern and south-western Australia. Cladistic analyses based on morphological and anatomical characters were used to resolve relationships in the genus. An initial analysis of 35 terminal taxa, including 9 infrageneric taxa assumed to be monophyletic on the basis of one or more synapomorphies, allowed resolution of basal nodes. Subsequent analyses of the putatively monophyletic infrageneric taxa allowed resolution of distal nodes. Some of these lower-level analyses used a mixture of qualitative characters and coded morphometric characters. Together, the analyses afforded a high degree of resolution within the genus, although relationships of some taxa were not well supported. A new infrageneric classification, in which Banksia is divided into 2 subgenera, 12 series and 11 subseries, is proposed. The classification is broadly similar to previously published classifications of the genus, but discards a number of taxa shown to be para- or poly-phyletic. The following new names are published: Banksia series Lindleyanae K.Thiele, series Ochraceae K.Thiele, subseries Leptophyllae K.Thiele, subseries Longistyles K.Thiele, subseries Nutantes K.Thiele, subseries Sphaerocarpae K.Thiele, subseries Cratistyles K.Thiele, subseries Acclives K.Thiele, subseries Integrifoliae K.Thiele, subseries Ericifoliae K.Thiele, subseries Occidentales K.Thiele and subseries Spinulosae K.Thiele. New combinations are provided for Banksia penicillata (A.S.George) K.Thiele, B. brevidentata (A.S.George) K.Thiele, B. hiemalis (A.S.George) K.Thiele and B. dolichostyla (A.S.George) K.Thiele.

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Bell, Catherine. "Banksia lady: Celia Rosser, botanical artist". Journal of Australian Studies 40, nr 2 (2.04.2016): 244–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14443058.2016.1156468.

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MOUND, LAURENCE A., i ALICE WELLS. "Host-shifts at family level in the Australian Acacia-thrips lineage (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripinae) with two new species". Zootaxa 4816, nr 2 (16.07.2020): 202–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4816.2.4.

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The Australian Acacia-thrips lineage comprises at least 250 species in 30 genera of Phlaeothripinae, all of them known only from Acacia species in Australia. Two new species from two of these genera are described here as the first recorded instances of host-shifting within this diverse thrips lineage, with the host shifts being between unrelated angiosperm orders, from Fabales to Proteales and Myrtales. Brakothrips eucalypti sp. n. is described from the branches of a species of Eucalyptus, and Katothrips banksiae sp. n. is described forming substantial colonies within lepidopterous leaf mines on a species of Banksia. Previously these thrips genera were known only from Acacia species, and comprised seven described species of Brakothrips and 35 described species of Katothrips.

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41

Morris, E. Charles. "Increased death of new leaves of coastal banksia (Banksia integrifolia L.f) around ocean sewage outfall sites". Austral Ecology 28, nr 1 (luty 2003): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-9993.2003.01251.x.

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Price, J. N., i J. W. Morgan. "Mechanisms controlling establishment of the non-bradysporous Banksia integrifolia (Coast Banksia) in an unburnt coastal woodland". Austral Ecology 28, nr 1 (luty 2003): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-9993.2003.01252.x.

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Rokich, Deanna P., i Kingsley W. Dixon. "Recent advances in restoration ecology, with a focus on the Banksia woodland and the smoke germination tool". Australian Journal of Botany 55, nr 3 (2007): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt06108.

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This paper details some of the recent research findings concerning restoration needs of the Banksia woodland in Western Australia, including the importance of, and recent advances in, smoke-technology research. Research has enabled testing of a wide spectrum of restoration technologies that enhance plant replacement at sites via treatments of the topsoil seedbank, broadcast seed and seedlings. By the use of smoke technology, which in some systems produces a 48-fold increase in the total number of germinants and a 3-fold increase in the number of species at restoration sites, improved species replacement is a very real possibility in Banksia woodland. At the same time, some commonly employed practices in restoration are a cause for concern, including the application of a herbicide widely used to control a priority Banksia-woodland weed and fire-suppressing agents used to assist fire management. These findings may have broader implications for restoration programs.

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44

Carpenter, RJ, GJ Jordan i RS Hill. "Banksieaephyllum taylorii ( Proteaceae) from the late paleocene of New South Wales and its relevance to the origin of Australia's scleromorphic flora". Australian Systematic Botany 7, nr 4 (1994): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9940385.

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Leaf specimens from Late Paleocene sediments in New South Wales are assigned to a new species of Banksieaephyllum, B. taylorii. In gross morphology the leaves are indistinguishable from those of extant Dryandra formosa, and similar to a few other species of Dryandra and Banksia. These species have pinnately lobed leaves and are now confined to south-western Australia. In cuticular morphology, B. taylorii is most similar to Banksia species from subgenus Banksia, section Oncostylis. One species in this section, B. dryandroides, also has pinnately lobed leaves. The fossil specimens demonstrate that subtribe Banksiinae had differentiated by the Late Paleocene and represent the earliest record of angiosperm scleromorphy in Australia to date. The superficial placement of the stomates compared with most modem Banksiinae supports the hypothesis that xeromorphy in this group generally increased in response to the development of less mesic climates in the Late Tertiary.

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Wooller, S. J., R. D. Wooller i K. L. Brown. "Regeneration by three species of Banksia on the south coast of Western Australia in relation to fire interval". Australian Journal of Botany 50, nr 3 (2002): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt01078.

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The regeneration strategies of three Banksia species in relation to fire were studied over 20 years in a mediterranean heathland-shrubland on the south coast of Western Australia. Banksia baueri and B. nutans are both bushes 1–2 m high, while B. baxteri is a shrub 4 m high. All three species regenerated only from seed released from the canopy seed bank after fire. They did not start to flower until 6 years after fire and seed set took even longer. Differences between the species in age-related intensity of flowering were related to the rate at which each species accumulated seed in the canopy. Even plants over 40 years old were still increasing their overall canopy seed bank or replacing seeds that had been released or were no longer viable. The vegetation studied appeared to be little affected by humans historically and to have burnt only at intervals of 30–60 years or more. Consequently, although all three species needed fire to regenerate, management of fire regimes needs to allow adequate intervals between fires for the replacement of their canopy seed banks. Indeed, all three Banksia species studied were extinguished from one area burnt twice at an interval of 9 years. Models developed with Banksia species from the northern sand plains of Western Australia, where fires appear more frequent, may need modification to be applicable to all south-coastal species.

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Froend, R. H., i P. L. Drake. "Defining phreatophyte response to reduced water availability: preliminary investigations on the use of xylem cavitation vulnerability in Banksia woodland species". Australian Journal of Botany 54, nr 2 (2006): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt05081.

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The consideration of phreatophyte response to changes in water availability is important in identifying ecological water requirements in water-resource planning. Although much is known about water-source partitioning and intra- and interspecific variability in groundwater use by Banksia woodland species, little is known about the response of these species to groundwater draw-down. This paper describes a preliminary study into the use of xylem cavitation vulnerability as a measure of species response to reduced water availability. A response function and critical range in percentage loss of conductance is identified for four Banksia woodland overstorey species. Similarity in the vulnerability curves of B. attenuata R.Br. and B. menziesii R.Br. at low tensions supports the notion that they occupy a similar ecohydrological niche, as defined by their broad distributions relative to depth to groundwater. B. ilicifolia R.Br., however, as an obligate phreatophyte, has a range restricted to environments of higher water availability and shallower depth to groundwater and this is reflected in greater vulnerability to cavitation (relative to other Banksia) at lower tensions. The wetland tree Melaleuca preissiana Schauer generally expressed a greater vulnerability at any given xylem water potential (Ψx). This paper identifies the range in Ψx within which there is an elevated risk of tree mortality, and represents a first step towards quantifying the critical thresholds in the response of Banksia woodland species to reduced water availability.

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Howard, J. L. "Diet of Petaurus breviceps (Marsupialia: Petauridae) in a mosaic of coastal woodland and heath." Australian Mammalogy 12, nr 1 (1989): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am89002.

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Diet of Petaurus breviceps in a coastal woodland and heath mosaic was assessed by timed feeding observations and qualitative faecal analysis. Feeding at banksia and eucalypt flowers was the most observed foraging behaviour. Faeces contained abundant pollen. The pattern of foraging closely followed changes in patterns of flowering in the area because P. breviceps regularly visited flowers for nectar and pollen. It fed at a faster rate per flower when foraging on eucalypts, but had a high number of inter-plant movements when foraging on banksias. Seventy-one per cent of Eucalyptus gummifera trees were incised to obtain sap. Values obtained for sap flow showed that incised trees exuded more sap than non-incised ones. Gum was abundant at Jervis Bay, and sap may be utilised when nectar is abundant.

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Smith, A. P., i M. Murray. "Habitat requirements of the squirrel glider (Petaurus norfolcensis) and associated possums and gliders on the New South Wales central coast". Wildlife Research 30, nr 3 (2003): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr01115.

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One of the largest known populations of the threatened squirrel glider occurs in the Wyong and Lake Macquarie regions of the New South Wales central coast. A study of the habitat requirements and density of this population was undertaken as a component in a broader study to develop a regional conservation strategy for the species. The squirrel glider was found to be widespread at an estimated average density of 0.39 animals ha–1. It was most abundant in forests and woodlands with an overstorey of winter-flowering eucalypts (Corymbia maculata, Eucalyptus robusta, Eucalyptus tereticornis) or an understorey of winter-flowering banksias (Banksia spinulosa) or pinnate-leaved acacias (Acacia irrorata). The highest estimated density (0.7 ha–1) occurred in associations of scribbly gum (Eucalyptus haemastoma or racemosa), smooth-barked apple (Angophora costata) and red bloodwood (Corymbia gummifera) with an understorey of Banksia spp and Xanthorrhoea spp. The lowest estimated densities occurred in forests with an understorey dominated by casuarinas or non-pinnate acacias and in stunted, low (<17 m high) forest and woodland close to the coast. The abundance of all possums and gliders increased significantly with canopy height, canopy cover, the number of mature and old-growth trees and the number of trees with hollows. Preferred habitat of the squirrel glider in this region occurs predominantly on freehold land where it is threatened by clearing for coastal development. Implementation of planning provisions to protect squirrel glider habitat on private land will be necessary to maintain the existing regional population.

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Maguire, Tina L., i Margaret Sedgley. "Genetic diversity in Banksia and Dryandra (Proteaceae) with emphasis on Banksia cuneata, a rare and endangered species". Heredity 79, nr 4 (październik 1997): 394–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1997.173.

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Rieger, MA, i M. Sedgley. "Effect of daylength and temperature on flowering of the cut flower species Banksia coccinea and Banksia hookeriana". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 36, nr 6 (1996): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9960747.

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Vegetative growth and flowering of Banksia coccinea and B. hookeriana were investigated under controlled environment conditions of 8 and 16 h daylength at 15/10 and 25/20�C (day/night). All treatments stimulated vegetative growth of B. coccinea but the 16 h, 25/20�C treatment resulted in greatest shoot growth and highest floral initiation. Only the 8 and 16 h daylength treatments at 25/20�C stimulated vegetative growth, shoot extention and floral initiation of B. hookeriana. Comparable results for floral initiation and vegetative growth were observed with plants under outside conditions. The results indicate that vegetative growth is a prerequisite for floral initiation. Floral initiation of B. coccinea was influenced by daylength whereas B. hookeriana responded to temperature.

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