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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Banks Peninsula"
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Garnock-Jones, PJ. "Plant life on Banks Peninsula". New Zealand Journal of Botany 52, nr 3 (3.07.2014): 386–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0028825x.2014.885454.
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Slooten, Elisabeth, William Rayment i Steve Dawson. "Offshore distribution of Hector's dolphins at Banks Peninsula, New Zealand: Is the Banks Peninsula Marine Mammal sanctuary large enough?" New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 40, nr 2 (czerwiec 2006): 333–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2006.9517425.
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Boren, L. J., C. G. Muller i N. J. Gemmell. "Colony growth and pup condition of the New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri) on the Kaikoura coastline compared with other east coast colonies". Wildlife Research 33, nr 6 (2006): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr05092.
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Abstract.Since its near extermination by sealing, the New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri) has been recolonising areas of its former range throughout New Zealand and Australia. This study examined fur seal population growth over four breeding seasons spanning 2002–05 at the Ohau Point and Lynch’s Reef colonies in Kaikoura and the Horseshoe Bay and Te Oka Bay colonies on Banks Peninsula, on the east coast of New Zealand. Estimates of pup numbers were made using mark–recapture techniques and condition indices were used to assess the body condition of pups in each colony. We found that the Ohau Point and Te Oka Bay colonies are growing exponentially (32% and 47% per annum respectively), reaching nearly 600 pups at Ohau Point and 300 pups at Te Oka Bay, whereas Horseshoe Bay appears stable. Pups born at Ohau Point are consistently heavier and in better condition than their Banks Peninsula counterparts despite the faster rate of growth observed at Te Oka Bay. An El Niño event in 2003 coincided with a drop in mass and condition at the Banks Peninsula colonies, but not at the Kaikoura colony. This discrepancy between colonies in response to environmental conditions suggests that colony-specific variables at Kaikoura may provide more favourable conditions for rearing pups than on Banks Peninsula.
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Khalil-Oliwa, Oliwia. "Review of Risks and Risk Management Systems in the Largest Islamic Banks of the Arabian Peninsula". Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia 55, nr 1 (11.05.2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/h.2021.55.1.19-29.
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<p><strong>Theoretical background:</strong> The specificity of Islamic principles, on the basis of which Islamic banking was created, as well as the nature of its financial instruments, means that Islamic banks may be exposed to greater risks than conventional banks.</p><p><strong>Purpose of the article:</strong> The aim of the article is to define key risks identified by Islamic banks and to define risk management systems in the 13 largest banks of the Arabian Peninsula region. The article analyses the annual reports submitted by the supervisory boards of the largest Islamic banks of the Arabian Peninsula for 2018, so that common elements in their risk management processes can be found.</p><p><strong>Research methods:</strong> Analyses of annual reports of the banks of the Arabian Peninsula region.</p><p><strong>Main findings:</strong> Supervisory boards of Islamic banks identify risks and implement strategies and risk management structures. The most important risks identified by banks are credit risk, liquidity risk, reputational risk, as well as operational risk, understood as the risk of direct or indirect loss, resulting from inadequate or faulty internal processes, errors of employees or systems and external events. Islamic banks may be exposed to increased credit risk, due to the application of the principle of profit and loss sharing (PLS), which is one of the pillars of Islamic finance. An analysis of the fiancial reports of the largest Islamic banks of the Arabian Peninsula shows that all supervisory boards are aware of the importance and role of an effective risk management system in reducing costs and increasing banks’ results. Most of them use the principles described by the Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB). All banks have implemented appropriate risk management processes and policies, and have units in their structures responsible for the risk management process, which means that they apply the first IFSB principle. The institutions declare that they identify and monitor risks, and implement risk mitigation measures.</p>
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Pharo, Emma, i Bryony H. Macmillan. "Checklist of the Mosses of Banks Peninsula, New Zealand". Bryologist 101, nr 2 (1998): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3244213.
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Reynolds‐Fleming, Janelle V., i Jason G. Fleming. "Coastal circulation within the Banks Peninsula region, New Zealand". New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 39, nr 1 (marzec 2005): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2005.9517301.
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Perrie, Leon R., Patrick J. Brownsey i John D. Lovis. "Tmesipteris horomaka, a new octoploid species from Banks Peninsula". New Zealand Journal of Botany 48, nr 1 (marzec 2010): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288251003640010.
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Wilson, Hugh D. "Regeneration of native forest on Hinewai Reserve, Banks Peninsula". New Zealand Journal of Botany 32, nr 3 (lipiec 1994): 373–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0028825x.1994.10410480.
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Griffin, Sammy, Travis W. Horton i Christopher Oze. "Origin of warm springs in Banks Peninsula, New Zealand". Applied Geochemistry 86 (listopad 2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2017.09.013.
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Cameron, Claire, Richard Barker, David Fletcher, Elisabeth Slooten i Stephen Dawson. "Modelling Survival of Hector's Dolphins around Banks Peninsula, New Zealand". Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics 4, nr 2 (czerwiec 1999): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1400593.
Pełny tekst źródłaRozprawy doktorskie na temat "Banks Peninsula"
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Parker, S. K. "The hydrogeology of the Diamond Harbour region, Banks Peninsula". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5501.
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The study area comprises an area of about 40 km2 and includes the township of Diamond Harbour located on the sourthern side of Lyttelton Harbour. The area is broken up into two valley systems (Orton Bradley and Purau Valleys) separated by a gently northward dipping slope known as the Diamond Harbour ‘Dip-slope’. Pressure on a water reticulation pipeline due for repair or replacement, combined with an increasing population) formed the basis for this investigation. It was hoped that local groundwater resources could at least supplement the domestic supply coming from Lyttelton.
Drill hole and geophysical information confirmed that the sediments that fill the lower Purau and Orton Bradley Valleys consist of river clays and silts, marine/estuarine muds and a number of gravel units. In the case of the Purau Valley two aquifers were located, a first probably representing an infilled river channel or channels immediately overlying volcanic bedrock (Lower Purau Aquifer), and a second river gravel unit which is saturated only within 200m of the coast (Upper Purau Aquifer). While no borehold data was available to confirm geophysical data interpretations for the Orton Bradley Valley, the indications are that a single river gravel unit exists, and that it is saturated near the coast.
Pump test results for the Lower Purau Aquifer show that this aquifer has a transmissivity of 11.92m2/day and a storage coefficient of 3.87 x 10-4. Computer modelling indicated the Lower Purau Aquifer possesses two hydraulic boundaries 14 and 50m from the pumped bore I and this is consistent with the interpretation of the aquifer being an infilled river channel of approximately 64m width.
Evidence suggests that the alluvial aquifers of both valleys are recharged from deep circulating groundwaters present in fractured bedrock aquifers located within the volcanic formations found in the area. Isotope and chemical evidence suggests that the alluvial and deep circulating groundwaters are similar in their relative concentrations of most ions, and have similar residence times of about 50 years. The deep and alluvial groundwaters are fit for domestic supply provided treatment is carried out for excessive concentrations of iron and manganese, and aeration to bring low pH values to within acceptable limits.
An experiment on a known perennial High Altitude Spring indicates that the increased discharge seen following a rain event is composed almost entirely of 'old' stored water, and the increased flow is due to increa.sed pressure head following recharge of the aquifer system by meteoric waters. Superimposed on this event variability is a seasonal discharge variability related to seasonal rainfall patterns. An infiltration- 'head' /storage model is proposed to explain the behaviour of the High Altitude Springs of Diamond Harbour. Isotopic evidence suggests an exponential-piston flow model is consistent with observed results and this indicates the spring groundwaters have residence times of 10 to 25 years.
An estimate of the safe yield from all available water resources in the Diamond Harbour area ranges from 660 to 1300m3/day, allowing for sufficient water to maintain acceptable river baseflows.
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Sanders, R. A. "Hydrogeological studies of springs in Akaroa County, Banks Peninsula". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5504.
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Akaroa County, which is situated on the eroded remnant of the basaltic Akaroa Volcano, is developing as a tourist and recreational area, with consequent increasing demands on water supplies. Improved utilisation of the springwater resource of the area is a possible solution to these demands and this thesis develops hydrogeological models for the springs to assist in their future management. Methods used in this study include detailed hydrogeological mapping of two specific areas, isotope and chemical analyses of springwater, and spring discharge monitoring over a one year period.
Groundwater discharge as springs and seeps is common in Akaroa County, with more than 200 springs mapped in the French Farm study area and 470 springs in Pigeon Bay Valley. Spring discharge may occur directly from defects in the basaltic lavas, but more commonly occurs through the surficial cover that mantles most of the area. Relatively impermeable beds (eg. tuff and unjointed lava) within the volcanic sequence are the dominant influence on spring distribution because of their perching effect. A “head”/storage groundwater model is proposed whereby water contained in heterogeneous lava "aquifers" is displaced to springs by infiltrating rainwater because of a pressure head applied to the irregularly shaped perched groundwater bodies.
Most springs flow at less than 2.5 litres per minute and discharges of greater than 15 litres per minute are uncommon. All monitored springs show high discharge variability (1780% for one measured spring), with peak discharge occurring in winter and the lowest flows in autumn. The "Abattoir Spring" in the summit region shows rapid (within 24 hours) response to storm events with subsequent peak flows occurring 2 to 6 days later. Groundwater recharge is the result of infiltration of local precipitation, and the greatest potential for recharge occurs in the summit regions. Chemical quality of the springwaters is generally within the N.Z. Standards for Drinking Water, although nearly all samples show low pH values (pH = 6.0 to 7.3) and some show high iron and turbidity contents.
Proposed utilisation of springs for water supply will require preliminary discharge monitoring. If excavation of the spring is employed to increase yield then water budget analysis of the recharge area should be undertaken so that safe yields are not exceeded. Reticulation systems should incorporate treatment facilities to counteract low pH, turbidity, or high iron content where these exceed Standards limits. Future study should include detailed water budget work to determine the magnitude of the groundwater resource of Akaroa County.
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Hughes, Terrence Jon. "A detailed study of Banks Peninsula loess shear strength". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10021.
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This thesis project has examined the moisture dependency of shear strength in the loess soils of Banks Peninsula. These dominant silt materials are generally regarded as having an angle of internal friction between 25 and 30°, and cohesion of zero, when the soil is saturated. However, soil behaviour in terms of slope stability would appear to support a cohesion value higher than zero as vertical cliffs of loess can be seen to stand indefinitely. It is agreed that loess soils upon saturation do show very low shear strengths, but these soils rarely become saturated due to their low permeability (k<10⁻⁶). To address the quantity of water content dependency of shear strength, five field sites have been sampled for unconsolidated undrained triaxial shear strength to determine
c and ø at varying water contents in the total stress state, which most closely simulates observed behaviour. The field sites were:
1) Moncks Spur primary airfall in situ loess; 2) Stonehaven Subdivision loess-colluvium;
3) Worsleys Spur primary airfall in situ loess; 4) Duvauchelle primary airfall in situ loess; 5) Whaka Terrace uncompacted loess fill. Nominated water contents for the shear testing program were 6%, 10%, 14% and "as wet as possible".
Samples were prepared in the laboratory by immersing the stainless steel sampling tube containing the soil sample in water for up to 2 weeks to a water content maximum, and then drying them back to the nominated water content.
Analysis of results of all five field sites tested at the four nominated water contents showed a new cohesion trend, which has not previously been reported in Banks Peninsula Loess. As water contents increase from 6% cohesion increases to a maximum value and then decreases, whilst for angle of internal friction there is a linear decrease over the entire range of water contents, for example 52° at 6% to 13° at 23% for Stonehaven Subdivision loess colluvium.
Maximum values for primary airfall (in situ) Port Hills loess fill and colluvium the cohesion maximum was approximately 210 kPa at 10% water content. Friction angle trends were quite similar for all sites.
A secondary aim of this thesis was to examine lime stabilising effects on compacted loess fill. Trials were carried out at the Whaka Terrace field site where excavated loess fill from a test pit was mixed with hydrated lime at 2% by weight of the total soil mass, and then compacted back into the same test pit so that the treated soil could be cured under field conditions. Untreated samples were taken from the base of the test pit and treated soils were extracted from the treated compacted layers at intervals of 1 week,
1 month and 2 months after compaction. Samples were prepared at two different water contents, 15% and as "as wet as possible", so that a shear strength dependence on water could also be established.
Results suggest that 15% water content treated samples had 30-40 kPa more cohesion and 5° more angle of internal friction than the "as wet as possible" treated samples. For example after 7 days of field curing cohesion was recorded at 30.7 kPa and 4 kPa for water contents of 16.9% and 19.1% respectively, and angle of internal frictions were 30° and 23.4° for the same respective water contents. Shear strength values increased over time with a rapid rate of increase after the first week of curing, and then a slowing down thereafter. A maximum cohesion of 25 kPa and angle of internal friction was recorded for samples cured in the field for 68 days as compared to untreated loess, which had cohesion of 0 kPa and 11.5° for the angle of internal friction. Both were tested at "as wet as possible" water contents.
Future work should entail the determination of effective stress parameters c and ø’ by
determining matric suctions (negative pore pressures) to determine if the trend seen in this project is something new or an artefact of the analysis used, and more study centred on loess from the Akaroa Harbour region.
In conclusion it has been demonstrated in this thesis that Banks Peninsula Loess shear strength has a dependency on water content in terms of total stress parameters c and by way of using the triaxial test apparatus in the unconsolidated undrained condition.
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Smith, Susan Leslie. "Distribution, movements and abundance of Hector's dolphin around Banks Peninsula". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Zoology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2801.
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New Zealand's first Marine Mammal Sanctuary was established around Banks Peninsula in 1988, to protect Hector's dolphins from entanglement in gillnets. Understanding distribution and movements of Hector's dolphins inhabiting Banks Peninsula has important implications for their effective management. The need to assess the effectiveness of restricting gillnetting also underscores the need for ongoing estimates of the size of the Banks Peninsula Hector's dolphin population. I analysed spatial and temporal movements of distinctive Hector's dolphins identified around Banks Peninsula. A substantial number of dolphins I identified in the northern portion of Banks Peninsula have been sighted in the southern portion of Banks Peninsula but none of the individuals I identified have been sighted north or south of the peninsula (Slooten, Dawson, Stone and Yoshinaga, unpub. data). These results suggest that Hector's dolphins resident around Banks Peninsula, are a single interacting population. I assessed the applicability of mark-recapture methods using photo-identification of distinctive individuals to estimate the size of the Banks Peninsula population of Hector's dolphins. The maximum average capture probability for Hector's dolphins around Banks Peninsula during my study was in the range of "poor" data. During my study, small sample size and low recapture rates of identified dolphins was generally the case. These results indicated that numbers of Hector's dolphins around Banks Peninsula cannot be estimated reliably from mark-recapture methods with the data which is currently available. I conducted surveys to estimate the abundance of Hector's dolphins in the northern portion of Banks Peninsula. I also used survey data to examine the temporal and spatial distribution of dolphins in the study area. No more than 123 dolphins were counted on a survey and on approximately 70% of surveys, fewer than 41 were counted. I found no significant difference in number of dolphins counted during November to March, suggesting that conducting surveys during this period is an appropriate sampling strategy for estimating abundance. There was a highly significant association between abundance and location, indicating it is inappropriate to extrapolate abundance estimates from one area to another based on a simple density 1 area relationship. Estimates of abundance for Hector's dolphins in the northern portion of Banks Peninsula for 1990/91 and 1991/92 were in the range of previously reported estimates for Banks Peninsula.
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Nikoloff, Megan Helena. "Seed and microsite limitation in Clematis vitalba on Banks Peninsula". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6730.
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Clematis vitalba, introduced to New Zealand from Europe in the early 1900s, is an
invasive weed which poses a high risk to native forest remnants, particularly in the
central North Island and upper and central South Island. Its dispersal techniques and rate
of spread make it a particular challenge for managers attempting to control its range
expansion. Is the population abundance and distribution of C. vitalba on Banks
Peninsula seed or microsite limited? I tested the presence of seed limitation in three
populations of C. vitalba at two sites by measuring seed dispersal and checking for the
presence of a soil seed bank. At a location where C. vitalba is absent due to control
efforts, I investigated the presence of a long-term seed bank and long-distance dispersal.
I also tested the degree of microsite limitation in C. vitalba at the two sites by surveying
the natural distribution of seedlings, monitoring seedling emergence after seed addition
and measuring the survival and growth of planted seedlings. Soil samples taken from the
Port Hills and Akaroa sites contained low amounts of previous-season C. vitalba seed (an
average of 0.0125 seeds per m² in the forest and 0.0025 per m² in the open) and cofirmed
the presence of a small short-term soil seed bank. Seed rain was greater at Akaroa (3912
seeds caught) than on the Port Hills (1507 seeds caught), which is also reflected in a
larger seed bank at Akaroa. The distribution of natural seedlings and growth of planted
seedlings suggests that the optimum habitat for this species varies among different life
stages. At the site cleared of C. vitalba more than eight years ago, there were no seeds in
the seed bank but new seeds arrived by long-distance dispersal. Overall, these results
suggest that microsite limitation has a greater role near the parent plant and seed
limitation becomes more pronounced at increasing distance from the seed source.
Clematis vitalba populations continue to spread from ongoing long-distance dispersal and
short-distance dispersal with lateral expansion of established populations; established
populations are more likely to be limited by the availability of microsites while
expanding populations will be seed limited at the edge of the population where plant
density is low.
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Livermore, Andrew B. "Cinder cones of the Lyttelton Volcano, Banks Peninsula, New Zealand". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6858.
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Cinder cones are common on Banks Peninsula and this study concentrates on eleven sites situated on the Lyttelton Volcano. The study focuses on the structure, petrology and geochemistry of cinder cones and discusses their eruptive history.
Lyttelton volcanism began in the Miocene (10.8 Ma) with early (L1) activity centred near "Head of the Bay". Constant replenishment of the main chamber caused L1 lavas to be dominantly basaltic with limited differentiation. The development of a large cone resulted in distension which caused the development of horizontally fed radial dikes. Initial dike activity was low and lavas were dominantly fed from the central conduit with little flank activity. As L1 grew though, dikes became more common and so did cinder cone activity on the flanks. Cinder cones would have been fed by volatile rich magmas quickly reaching the surface via dikes and hence erupting explosively. The increase in dikes during L1 also caused the increasing development of more evolved magmas that fed lavas. Then during a quiescent period there was large-scale collapse of the eastern flank, followed by erosion and weathering of the L1 volcanic edifice during which activity shifted north-east to "Charteris Bay". Renewed (L2) activity after the quiescent period gave rise to more evolved lavas due to the large increase in dike activity, caused by the large amounts of stress acting on the edifice. Hence cinder cone activity on the flanks was also very common.
Cinder cone samples are dominated by phenocrysts of plagioclase, clinopyroxene, olivine and Ti-magnetite and show a wide range of mineral textures. This suggests that crystals have grown under a variety of temperatures and pressures and/or been derived from magmas of different compositions. Geochemically the cones are part of an alkaline basalt-hawaiite-mugearite- benmoreite-trachyte association.
The deposits in this study are all inferred to have formed by Strombolian and Hawaiian type eruptions due to their small dispersal areas. These eruptions formed cinder cones whose morphology depended on numerous factors, all of which contributed to their overall development: In this study the deposits have been classified into four facies based on welding, dip direction, block and bomb size, colour and the presence or absence of some clasts. The Vent Facies consists of densely welded grey/black fused spatter and represents vent and early formed products. Vesicularity is <20% with outcrops resembling massive lava; occasionally, however, dips towards the vent region can be found, establishing an origin within the vent The Proximal Facies consists of >80% flattened clasts with deposits inferred to be welded due to their flattened nature. Spatter flows are common in the facies due to the rapid accumulation of spatter and its flowage. The Medial Facies consist of crudely bedded bomb, block and lapilli beds. Clasts are undeformed and non-welded. The Distal Facies consist of lapilli, ash, and crystals. Rare bombs occasionally occur and the deposits are generally well sorted and bedded. Overall, throughout each of the facies, clast size and welding decreases with increasing distance from the vent area.
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Goldwater, Stefan. "Slope Failure in Loess. A detailed investigation Allandale, Banks Peninsula". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9378.
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This study investigates a slope failure complex in loess at Allandale, Lyttelton Harbour. Literature relevant to the slope stability and strength of Banks Peninsula loessial soils is reviewed. Laboratory and in situ strength testing shows that both C and P layer loess in a partially saturated state displays a significant reduction in undrained shear strength with increasing degree of saturation. Strength reduction can be attributed to reduced pore water tension due to capillary suction which results from an increased degree of saturation. The moisture controlled strength component in partially saturated loess can be defined by any two of dry density, moisture content and degree of saturation. When comparing loess C and P layer remoulded strengths with peak strengths, the P layer is significantly more sensitive to remoulding than C layer.
Drained direct shear testing of C layer loess produces remoulded and peak strength parameters of c'=O, Ø'=28.4° and c'=6kPa, Ø '=28.4° respectively. Drained direct shear testing of P layer loess produced remoulded and peak shear strength parameters of c'=O, Ø '=28.4° and c'=20kPa, Ø '=28.4° respectively.
The slope failure complex investigated has been formed by an earthflow initiated by a tension crack in C layer loess (which acts as an unconfined leaky aquifer). Subsequent retrogressive upslope and lateral migration of the slope failure complex involves "turfmat slides" in S layer loess which also acts as an unconfined leaky aquifer, and more tension crack initiated earth flows in C layer loess. Back analysis suggests both forms of slope movement may have failed by translational sliding at the base of their respective loess layer, with a piezometric level coincident with the ground surface. Mobilisation of the "turfmat slide", requires drained remoulded shear strengths, whereas mobilisation of the earth flow is more likely to involve drained peak shear strengths.
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Hay, Robert Bruce. "Sense of place: Cross-cultural perspectives from Banks Peninsula, New Zealand". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4704.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Sense of place is an important dimension in many people's lives. Through long residence in a region a person tends to become attached to that place, expressing both territoriality and affection for it. Bonding to a place is largely subconscious, however. If a person gains perspective by being distant from his or her place, a greater awareness of place bonds can build upon his or her sense of place, making it even stronger. Cultural influences can also build a sense of place, especially among indigenous people.
Previous sense of place research has seldom been empirically based, and has tended to focus upon modern peoples, yet researchers make generalizations as if their research applies to all humanity. Cross-cultural research, founded in fieldwork, can both confirm and extend theory on sense of place.
My research project has examined an indigenous people's sense of place, and contrasted it with that of a modern people. Banks Peninsula, New Zealand, has been my study area, where a large number of Maori (indigenous) and pakeha (modern, and of European descent) peoples were interviewed in depth to determine the character of their respective senses of place. My field research objectives were to learn about an indigenous people's sense of place, at the level of cosmology; to investigate how sense of place varies among people; to see how sense of place develops; and to uncover the essence of sense of place itself.
Interviews formed the bulk of the data, with 270 Peninsula respondents interviewed at length in their homes, and another 80 Peninsula out-migrants interviewed elsewhere in New Zealand. Group interviews supplemented the Peninsula data base, as did less detailed talks with holiday home owners, long-term campers, tourists and school children. Community events, both Maori and pakeha, were attended throughout the fieldwork period, which extended from November, 1987, through to February, 1989.
Results were analyzed primarily through qualitative means, as an ethnographic and phenomenological methodology directed my research. However, as a social survey was also conducted, quantitative analyses were done to ascertain the extent of trends among responses from interviews, as well as to find inter-relationships in those trends. Themes and insights became apparent in the qualitative analyses; respondents' insights are shown in the dissertation through excerpts from interviews.
Theory was developed both during and after fieldwork, with self-reflection and comparison with previous research instrumental in that development. Major differences were identified between indigenous and modern peoples in the way in which each develops their sense of place. Maori are linked to the earth through cosmology, with creation myths centering them within the cosmos in one particular place. The tribal land upon which Maori dwell is both respected and loved; Maori belong to the earth, especially around their marae (meeting house and grounds), referring to that location as papa kainga (home ground) and their
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Dorsey, C. J. "The geology and geochemistry of Akaroa volcano, Banks Peninsula, New Zealand". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7524.
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This thesis presents a detailed geological, petrological and geochemical study of Akaroa Volcano, Banks Peninsula, New Zealand.
The Akaroa Volcanic Group is defined as comprising all the volcanic products of central, flank and parasitic vent eruptions in the south-eastern two-thirds of Banks Peninsula, which collectively form Akaroa Volcano. Field mapping has shown that the lavas and pyroclastics of which Akaroa Volcano is constructed can be grouped into an Early Phase and a Main Phase.
Early Phase rocks (?11-9 Ma) are restricted in outcrop to the inner shoreline of Akaroa Harbour. The oldest exposed basaltic lava flows of Akaroa Volcano are assigned to Early Phase I. Early Phase II comprises extensive trachyte tuffs, breccias, agglomerates, flows, sills, and a large dome, with minor basaltic tuffs, and appears to represent a major episode of eruption of trachytic lava marking the end of the construction of a proto-Akaroa Volcano. Weathered basaltic flows, tuffs, lahars, scoria cones and pyroclastic breccia of Early Phase III unconformably overlie rocks of Early Phase II. The contact between Early Phases II and III shows considerable relief indicating a period of erosion prior to eruption of Early Phase III flows and pyroclastics. A diverse stratigraphy and a significant portion of the early history of Akaroa Volcano remains buried beneath sea level. A period of prolonged weathering and erosion occurred prior to the eruption of Main Phase lava flows and pyroclastics.
The main cone of Akaroa Volcano is constructed predominantly of hawaiite lava flows and pyroclastics and rare mugearite, benmoreite and trachyte lava flows of the Main Phase, erupted 9-8 Ma. Activity was hawaiian to mildly strombolian in character. Throughout its eruptive history, Akaroa Volcano was intruded by predominantly trachytic dikes of the Akaroa radial dike swarm, and five large trachyte domes. Dikes radiate from a broadly defined central zone south to south-east of Onawe Peninsula which coincides with the inferred location of the main conduit, and with the maxima of local bouguer and isostatic gravity anomalies. Analysis of the gravity anomaly surfaces indicates a substantial sub-surface intrusive complex containing> 615 km³ of intrusive material. Panama Rock trachyte dome can be seen to have been fed by a large dike of the radial dike swarm and a similar origin is inferred for the other intrusive trachyte domes.
Akaroa Volcanic Group lavas have a mineralogy typical of alkaline volcanic associations, dominated by olivine, Ti-rich calcic clinopyroxene, titanomagnetite, plagioclase and apatite. Rare kaersutite megacrysts occur in evolved lavas, and per alkaline differentiates contain arfvedsonite and aenigmatite. Minor biotite and amphibole occur in coarse-grain basic lavas.
Akaroa Volcanic Group lavas comprise a mildly to moderately (sodic) alkaline association, with a trend of moderate iron enrichment. Two end-member lineages are recognised: a dominant basalt-hawaiite-mugearite-benmoreite-trachyte lineage with ne-, hy- and qz-normative variants, and a basanite-nepheline hawaiitenepheline mugearite-nepheline benmoreite-phonolite lineage. Peralkaline differentiates are also recognised. The dominant lava type is hawaiite, rather than basalt, and most lavas have Mg numbers (100 X Mg²⁺ /Mg²⁺ +Fe²⁺) in the range 35-48, indicating that Akaroa Volcanic Group lavas do not represent primary magmas but have undergone significant high pressure fractionation.
Geochemically, Akaroa Volcanic Group lavas form a comagmatic suite characterised by (i) A logarithmic decrease in MgO, TiO₂, Cr, Ni and V; (ii) A linear decrease in CaO and FeO; (iii) A linear increase in Na₂O, K₂O, Y, Nb, Rb, La, Ce, Nd, Ga, Pb, Th, and Ba; (iv) A complex variation in Al₂O₃; (v) A rapid increase in P₂O₅ and Sr followed by a rapid decrease; and (vi) An increase in REE abundances with increasing differentiation. These variations are consistent with evolution by fractional crystallization of olivine, clinopyroxene, titanomagnetite, plagioclase, apatite and possibly kaersutite. Lavas have linear, parallel, LREE-enriched REE patterns (CeN/YbN ≈ 7-9.5) indicative of magma generation by small degrees of partial melting of a garnet peridotite mantle source.
Covariance of ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd isotope ratios is consistent with derivation of Akaroa Volcanic Group magmas from a time-integrated, LREE-depleted mantle source, whereas Sm/Nd and Rb/Sr trace element ratios indicate a LREE-enriched source. Mantle enrichment processes prior to, or associated with, the melting event and/or very small degrees of partial melting (< 1%) are postulated to account for this dichotomy. Qz-normative felsic lavas have high ⁸⁷Sr /⁸⁶Sr isotope ratios, and high-level crustal contamination appears to be an important process in the evolution of these lavas.
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Fraser, Iain. "The effects of forest fragmentation on stream invertebrate communities on Banks Peninsula". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1353.
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The removal of indigenous forest and associated fragmentation of habitats has probably had significant impacts on the diversity of stream communities in New Zealand. In this study I investigated the effects of forest fragmentation on stream invertebrate communities on Banks Peninsula. Six catchments were investigated, three with continuous indigenous forest in the riparian zone and three with fragmented indigenous riparian forest. An extensive benthic survey was conducted at three sites in each river catchment, one downstream on the mainstem of the river and two sites in different headwater tributaries. Adult sampling, consisting of malaise and sticky trapping, was also conducted at a sub-set of sites. Taxonomic richness of both the benthic and adult communities was significantly higher in continuous forest than in fragmented forest, and the composition of benthic communities also differed between continuous and forest fragments. Furthermore, benthic invertebrate densities were higher in fragments than continuous forest sites. The fragments in the headwaters were more likely to support forest specialist taxa (e.g. the stonefly Zelandobius wardi, and the caddisfly Costachorema peninsulae), than the downstream fragments. My results indicate that forest fragmentation has resulted in marked changes in benthic communities on Banks Peninsula, and that location of the fragment within the catchment also is important in influencing the diversity and composition of benthic communities. The maintenance of indigenous forest in the headwaters of streams may be essential for the persistence of endemic and forest specialist taxa on Banks Peninsula.
Książki na temat "Banks Peninsula"
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Boyum, Burton H. The Peninsula Bank, 1887-1987. Ishpeming, Mich: Peninsula Financial Corp., 1987.
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John, Wilson. City and peninsula: The historic places of Christchurch and Banks Peninsula : Ōtautahi and Horomaka. Christchurch, N.Z: Christchurch Civic Trust, 2007.
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Jacomb, Chris. Panau: The archaeology of a Banks Peninsula Māori village. Christchurch, N.Z: Canterbury Museum, 2000.
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Macmillan, B. H. Checklist of the mosses of Banks Peninsula, New Zealand. Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand: Manaaki Whenua Press, 1996.
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Office, Great Britain Hydrographic. China Sea pilot: The west side of the South China Sea from Tanjung Lompat on the eastern side of Peninsula Malaysia to Zhelang Jiao in China; Pulau-Pulau Anambas, Hainan Dao, and the islands and banks bordering the main route from Singapore Strait to Hong Kong. Wyd. 5. Taunton, Somerset: United Kingdom National Hydrographer, 2001.
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Wilson, Hugh. Natural History of Banks Peninsula. Canterbury University Press, 2010.
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Ogilvie, Gordon. Banks Peninsula: Cradle of Canterbury. CP Books, 1990.
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Wilson, Hugh. Natural History of Banks Peninsula. Canterbury University Press, 2021.
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Chetwynd, Jane. Cloud Farm: High on Banks Peninsula. Longacre Press, 2004.
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Land Very Fertile Banks Peninsula In Poetry And Prose. Canterbury University Press, 2009.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Banks Peninsula"
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Michiguchi, Yoko, i Yujiro Ogawa. "Dark Bands in the Submarine Nankai Accretionary Prism – Comparisons with Miocene–Pliocene Onshore Examples from Boso Peninsula". W Accretionary Prisms and Convergent Margin Tectonics in the Northwest Pacific Basin, 229–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8885-7_11.
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Kelly, Ashley Scott, i Xiaoxuan Lu. "Northern Scientific Knowledge and Indigenous Knowledge". W Critical Landscape Planning during the Belt and Road Initiative, 193–249. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4067-4_8.
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AbstractThis chapter features three planning proposals focused on the ideological friction between Northern scientific knowledge and indigenous knowledge. Northern scientific knowledge has enabled and legitimized various territorialization projects since the establishment of the Lao PDR. Over the past decade, the application of such knowledge has diversified and expanded along with Laos’s increasing integration into the socio-economic geography of the China-Indochina Peninsula Economic Corridor. Unlike World Bank-funded green-neoliberal development that dominated Laos in the 1990s and 2000s, some China-funded projects are furthering the green neoliberal valuation of ecosystems in monetary terms and these ecosystems’ conservation by means of market dynamics. These ecosystem territories inevitably overlap with the country’s indigenous territories and their natural resource-dependent communities. The three planning proposals featured in this chapter foreground Laos’s remarkable human diversity and local communities’ valuable traditional ecological knowledge and practices. These planning proposals are situated in a diverse range of socio-ecological contexts, namely Nam Ha National Protected Area, a protected forest in Luang Prabang, and agricultural land within the capital Vientiane. Collectively, these proposals focus on agrarian populations influenced by old or new forms of land enclosure, investigating possible scenarios that may lead to more equal power relationships between the scientific and indigenous knowledge regimes.
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Elisabete Duarte Neves, Maria, Joana Monteiro i Carmem Leal. "Determinants of Banking Profitability in Portugal and Spain: Evidence with Panel Data". W Banking and Accounting Issues. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.103142.
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This article aims to study the determinants of banking performance in the countries of the Iberian Peninsula, Portugal and Spain. To achieve the proposed objective, the methodology of panel data was used, specifically the estimation method Generalized Method of Moments (GMM-system). An unbalanced panel of 267 banks was used, of which 122 belong to the Portuguese banking sector and 145 to the Spanish banking sector. Two variables were used as performance measures, the average return on total assets (ROAA) and the average return on equity (ROAE). The results show that bank profitability is generally influenced by internal variables, and not so much by sector-specific or macroeconomic variables. Therefore, the results suggest that management decisions are the ones that most influence performance. We conclude that bordering countries, despite having different economies, have very similar influences on bank profitability.
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Hughes, G. WyN. "The Great Pearl Bank Barrier of the southern Arabian Gulf- A possible analog for the Aptian rudist banks of the Arabian Peninsula". W Quaternary Deserts and Climatic Change, 565–82. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003077862-57.
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Cody, Martin L., i Enriqueta Velarde. "Land Birds". W Island Biogeography in the Sea of Cortés II. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195133462.003.0016.
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Very few of the early scientific explorers in the Gulf of California had much to say about the land birds. There might be two reasons for this: first, the land birds in arid, desert regions are sparse and in general unbecoming, and second, the species encountered are by and large those seen in the much more accessible regions of southwestern North America. Chapter 1 introduced János Xántus, who is recognized as the pioneer ornithologist (or at least bird collector) in the cape area of Lower California, whose contributions (e.g., 1859, in which the first description of the Gray Thrasher, Toxostoma cinereum, was published) are appropriately commemorated in the Xantus Hummingbird, the most spectacular endemic on the peninsula. Lawrence (1860) first described the species as Amazilia xantusi (thence Hylocharis xantusii, and now Basilinna xantusii), and P. L. Sclater announced the discovery to Ibis readers in the same year. By the end of the nineteenth century, several ornithologists had collected in the southern peninsula and reported their findings (e.g., Baird 1870; Belding 1883; Bryant 1889; Ridgway 1896), but very little of this work referred to the islands in the gulf. Brewster’s (1902) report on the cape region avifauna was the most comprehensive of the earlier studies. Serious attention was first paid to the gulf island birds by Maillard (1923) and Townsend (1923), and the latter’s 1911 island-hopping trip in the Albatross served as a model for many similar expeditions later. The first distributional synthesis of their work, and especially that of Nelson (1921), Lamb (e.g., 1924), and Thayer (e.g., 1907), was published by Joseph Grinnell in 1928 in a monograph that is still the standard reference for the peninsula and gulf area. The last 50 years have seen little progress beyond the accumulation of further distributional records and the description of new subspecies (e.g., van Rossem 1929, 1932; Banks 1963a,b,c, 1964, 1969). The island birds remain rather poorly known; even species lists are likely to be incomplete, and ecological studies of the island populations have scarcely begun. In this chapter we report on the results largely of our own field work.
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Ezcurra, Exequiel, i Luis Bourillón. "Ecological Conservation". W Island Biogeography in the Sea of Cortés II. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195133462.003.0023.
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In 1973, George Lindsay, one of Baja California’s most eminent botanists, visited the islands of the Sea of Cortés together with Charles Lindbergh, Joseph Wood Krutch, and Kenneth Bechtel. Lindbergh, one of the most celebrated popular heroes of the twentieth century, had become by that time a committed conservationist, interested in the preservation of whales and in the conservation of nature at large. Joseph Wood Krutch, a naturalist, had written The Forgotten Peninsula, one of the first natural history descriptions of Baja California. George Lindsay had helped organize a series of scientific explorations into the Sea of Cortés and the peninsula of Baja California, first from the San Diego Natural History Museum, and later from the California Academy of Sciences (Banks 1962a,b; Lindsay 1962, 1964, 1966, 1970; Wiggins 1962). Kenneth Bechtel, a philanthropist from San Francisco, had given financial support to the Audubon Society in the 1950s and 1960s to study the sea bird rookery at Isla Rasa, which had been decreed a protected area by the Mexican government in 1962. Bechtel was interested in showing the Sea of Cortés to people who might be aroused by its astounding natural beauty and who might help to protect it. For this purpose, he organized the trip and invited Lindbergh to visit the region. The group flew a chartered Catalina flying-boat that allowed them to get to small and remote islands. They landed in the water and then piloted up to the beach so they could have shade under the wing. They visited many of the islands, starting from Consag north of Bahía de los Ángeles, and ending up in Espíritu Santo, east of the Bay of La Paz. It was a wonderful and memorable trip. Two or three months later, both Lindbergh and Lindsay traveled to Mexico City to watch the Mexican premiere of a documentary film on the Sea of Cortés by the California Academy of Sciences that Kenneth Bechtel had sponsored (see chap. 1). Taking advantage of the opportunity, and also of his immense popularity, Charles Lindbergh requested to see the president of Mexico, Luis Echeverría.
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Slater, Jerome. "Peace with Egypt and Jordan". W Mythologies Without End, 171–81. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190459086.003.0011.
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From 1947 onward, Egypt sought to avoid wars with Israel. Many compromise peace offers were rejected by Israel, mainly because of its expansionist objectives in Egyptian-held territory in the Negev, Gaza, and the Sinai peninsula. Had Israel accepted the Egyptian overtures, almost certainly the 1948, 1956, 1967, and 1973 wars would have been averted. The Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty of 1979, which has held up ever since, was made possible when Israel agreed to withdraw all Egyptian territory it had conquered in the 1967 and 1973 wars. Similarly, from 1947 onward Jordan sought to avoid war with Israel, and after 1967, King Hussein offered to reach a formal peace treaty, provided Israel return the West Bank which it had conquered in the 1967 war. Israel refused, but in the early1990s, Hussein decided to renounce Jordanian sovereignty over the West Bank, resulting in the Israeli-Jordanian peace treaty of 1994.
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Stanislawski, Michael. "8. Nationalism and messianism, 1967–1977". W Zionism: A Very Short Introduction, 81–94. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199766048.003.0008.
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The most consequential event in Israel’s history in the second half of the twentieth century was its victory in the Six Day War of June 1967 and its occupation of the West Bank, the Golan Heights, the Gaza Strip, the Sinai Peninsula, and East Jerusalem. “Nationalism and messianism: 1967–1977” outlines the effects of this war and the 1973 Yom Kippur War on Israel and Zionism. Two historic developments were the dilution of the socialist component of Mapai’s labor Zionism in favor of a more centrist economic and social politics and the de-marginalization and embrace of Menachem Begin’s Herut Party as full members of Israel’s political establishment.
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Gerard, Philip. "Wilmington Falls". W The Last Battleground, 292–97. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469649566.003.0041.
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The U.S. Army marches on Wilmington in two wings, one up the eastern peninsula and other up the west bank of the Cape Fear. Ironclad monitors provide artillery support form the river itself. Nine regiments of USCT attack the entrenched line at Sugar Loaf, but cannot breach it. Across the river, local blacks act as scouts, and under their guidance 6,500 troops commanded by Maj. Gen Jacob D. Cox are able to flank the rebel positions at Fort Anderson and Town Creek, forcing an evacuation of the Sugar Loaf position directly across the river as well. On Washington’s Birthday, Wilmington surrenders to US. troops.
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Misbari, S., i M. Hashim. "VARIATION OF LIGHT ATTENUATION OF SEAGRASS HABITAT IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA FROM SATELLITE-BASED ESTIMATION". W Construction Engineering and Management. PENERBIT UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/cem.1.04.2022.02.06.
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Light deprivation into the water column depends on the water clarity. Seagrass habitat is sparsely identified along the coastal area of Peninsular Malaysia.Seagrass density is affected by the amount of attenuated light into the water column, as light is essentially used for the growing process. Water along the west coast is more turbid than the south and east coast of Peninsular Malaysia.Blue spectral band (450 nm−510 nm) of Landsat 7 ETM+ satellite image that has strong penetrative power and red band (640 nm−670 nm) that is sensitive to subtle changes on seafloor features are useful to estimate variability of light penetration. A set of sampling points for both spectral bands was plotted with coastal depth.It is found that the east coast has 25% higher light penetration compared to south and west coastal regions. This condition is favourable for seagrass habitat. However, low light in deeper sea bottom and strong waves from South China Sea are among limitations imposed by east coast seagrass meadows to constantly survive.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Banks Peninsula"
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Carter, Sarah Dumars. "LATE PLEISTOCENE REWORKED LOESS IN PA BAY, BANKS PENINSULA". W GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-284503.
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Garofalo, Kathleen Rose, Diego Velasquez i Samuel J. Hampton. "GEOLOGIC CONTROL ON PLANT BIODIVERSITY IN BANKS PENINSULA, SOUTH ISLAND, NEW ZEALAND". W GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-339299.
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Saux, Juliette, Brooke Carlson, Marlene C. Villeneuve i Samuel J. Hampton. "PETROPHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BURIED VOLCANIC ROCKS ON BANKS PENINSULA, NEW ZEALAND". W GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-337834.
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Nellis, Caroline H., Josh W. Borella, Josh W. Borella i Josh W. Borella. "IDENTIFICATION OF ALLUVIAL FANS PRONE TO DEBRIS-FLOW HAZARD IN NORTHWESTERN BANKS PENINSULA". W GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-338208.
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Rubin, Margaret, Josh Borella, Chris Grimshaw i Samuel J. Hampton. "PHYTOLITH RECONSTRUCTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT SURROUNDING THE KAWAKAWA TEPHRA IN BANKS PENINSULA, SOUTH ISLAND". W GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-299111.
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Milando, Lea, Josh W. Borella i Sharyn Goldstien. "ESTABLISHMENT OF HILLSLOPE FOREST CHARACTERISTICS IN BANKS PENINSULA: IMPLICATIONS FOR ROCKFALL MODELING AND RUNOUT". W GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-322424.
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Jaffe, Micah, Samuel J. Hampton i Samuel J. Hampton. "CHANGES IN SEDIMENT SOURCES SINCE EUROPEAN COLONIZATION IN PORT LEVY, BANKS PENINSULA, NEW ZEALAND". W GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-322438.
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Chandler, Jakob, i Samuel J. Hampton. "ERUPTION, INTRUSION, AND PRESERVATION OF A COASTAL SCORIA CONE: RED BAY, BANKS PENINSULA, NZ". W GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-301994.
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Pontifex, Trevor Sides, Samuel J. Hampton i Samuel J. Hampton. "GO WITH THE FLOW: MAPPING RECHARGE ZONES OF PERCHED SPRINGS ON BANKS PENINSULA, NEW ZEALAND". W GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-297519.
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Wiseman, Matthew B., Josh W. Borella i Harry M. Jol. "GEOMORPHIC MAPPING AND SUBSURFACE CHARACTERIZATION OF A DEBRIS FLOW COMPLEX IN BANKS PENINSULA, NEW ZEALAND". W GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-335174.
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