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Shoukat, Faryal, Huzaifa Ather Rajar i Nabeel Baig. "Relationship of neck disability and fear-avoidance beliefs among bankers." International Journal of Endorsing Health Science Research (IJEHSR) 10, nr 2 (1.06.2022): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.29052/ijehsr.v10.i2.2022.227-232.
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Background: Neck Disability (ND) is a global health concern among bankers due to the prolonged computer usage demand of the job. Literature reported neck pain and fear of activity among bankers; however, evidence is scarce regarding the association between them. Therefore this survey aimed to evaluate the relationship between ND and Fear Avoidance Beliefs (FAB) among bankers.
Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on bankers of Karachi, Pakistan, using a convenience sampling technique. Volunteer bankers working for two or more years, and having neck pain for more than three months were enrolled in the study. ND was evaluated using Neck Disability Index (NDI) questionnaire and FAB questionnaire to assess activity fear. Statistical analysis was undertaken using SPSS version 20. Pearson correlation test was used to analyze the association between ND and FAB. P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant at 95% CI.
Results: A total of 100 bankers were included in the study. The Pearson correlation test shows a significant moderate and positive correlation between NDI and FAB among bankers (r=0.61).
Conclusion: It was concluded that the bankers suffer from ND and fear of activity performance, and a significant moderate and positive association was found between ND and FAB. Hence, further experimental research related to neck posture, work-station ergonomics, and ND is needed so that the global issue can be resolved and bankers' work performance could be enhanced.
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Mustafa Kamil, Bidayatul Akmal, Siti Norasyikin Abd Hamid i Shamsul Huda Abd Rani. "Framework for Managing Employee Talent in Malaysian Islamic Banks". Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies 2, nr 2 (31.12.2016): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/jbsee.v2i2.27.
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Objective: This paper proposes a conceptual framework to formulate a model of employee talent management, which might be implemented among Islamic banks in Malaysia.Methodology: This concept paper relies on analysis of previous literature and observation of current issues in Islamic banking industry.Results: It has been found that the demand for combination of knowledge about Sharia law and finance among bankers is rising in the Islamic banking industry. The capability and expertise of current bankers in Islamic banks are overlapping with those found in conventional banks. Yet only those bankers who are equipped with knowledge of Sharia or Islamic jurisprudence can discriminate the discrepancy of Islamic banking terms and regulations.Implication: This study proposes that developing and retaining those talents should be focus of formal and informal organizational policies and procedures in Islamic banks in order to make their performance as a manageable outcome. The policy of right capabilities at right time among Islamic bankers would also lead to comprehensive understanding of the Islamic banking principles, nature and forms which is prerequisite to make this industry competitive in areas of marketing, financial and operation management.
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Sarath Chandran, M. C., George Sebastian i K. Vinod Kumar. "Are the customers aware of green banking and green banking products? An empirical study". E3S Web of Conferences 477 (2024): 00034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202447700034.
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The adoption of green banking practices has become increasingly popular worldwide due to its focus on environmentally sustainable and ethical banking. As a result, bankers are introducing various green products and services. However, the question remains whether customers are aware of these products. To address this question, an exploratory study was conducted, collecting quantitative data from 3465 bank customers. Based on literature reviews and data analysis, the study found that there are several green banking products that customers are not familiar with. Thus, it is recommended that bankers increase their efforts to promote awareness and usage of green banking products.
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Nguyễn, Tường Vân, Văn Hinh Lê i Ánh Nguyệt Ngô. "Bankers’ digital financial literacy: literature reviews and orientation for further study". Tạp chí Khoa học và Đào tạo Ngân hàng, nr 250 (marzec 2023): 48–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.59276/tckhdt.2023.03.2492.
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The purpose of this paper is to explore the research gap on digital financial competency and digital financial competency framework for bank employees. To achieve this goal, the author has used search tools to find the related terms about digital financial competency/literacy. The results of reviewing of more than 100 related research works from 2015 up to 2022, show that: There is a relative consensus on the definition of digital financial competence, which is the intersection of digital competency/literacy and financial competency/literacy. However, there is no consensus on the components of digital financial competency or digital financial competency framework in general and for employees in the banking sector in particular. Based on these research gaps, the author has a general orientation for future research: (i)Research to determine the components of the digital financial competency framework in general; and (ii) Study to identify components of a digital financial competency framework for bankers in Vietnam. Some policy implications related to digital competency associated with the National Digital Transformation Strategy in Vietnam are also discussed.
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Niczyporuk, Piotr. "BANKIERZY PUBLICZNI W ŹRÓDŁACH PRAWA RZYMSKIEGO". Zeszyty Prawnicze 14, nr 1 (8.12.2016): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zp.2014.14.1.04.
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PUBLIC BANKERS IN ROMAN LAW SOURCESSummaryThe Romans had an extensive terminology for persons who engaged in banking activities; however, only nummularii and mensarii pursued activities on behalf of the State. Their operations may be regarded as public banking in the broad sense of the term, and were conducted from the 4th century BC until the 3rd century AD. Banking was of key importance in the peak period of growth for Roman trading and financial operations, and this is confirmed in the sources for Roman law. We do not have any records for the bankers referred to as nummularii until the period of classical Roman law, when we get fragmentary references to them in the writings of Roman jurists. There are only two passages on their public activities in the quality control and exchange of coinage; the first is by Sextus Caecilius Africanus, and the second is Ulpian’s commentary on the duties of the prefectus Urbi. Other references to them in the works of Roman jurists relate to their operations concerning deposits and credit, and as such do not belong to the sphere of public law. We get more mentions of public bankers in the Roman non-legal literature. Mensarii, who performed a certain type of public banking duties, are referred to in Livy’s Ab urbe condita. Cicero, Suetonius, and Festus also wrote about them. Moreover, Grammaticus treated the term mensarii as synonymous with nummularii. Presumably the two categories of public bankers were considered to be generally respected individuals. We also have mentions of the nummularii in the non-legal literature. In his Satyricon Petronius esteemed their skills of assessing the quality of coins; they were also held in high regard by Martial, Suetonius, and Apuleius. Suetonius wrote of the severe penalties imposed on the nummularii by the Emperor Galba. On the other hand, all we get in the epigraphic sources, mostly tombstone inscriptions from Rome, elsewhere in Italy, and the western provinces, are records of the activities of the nummularii for the quality control and exchange of coinage, considered an important duty from the point of view of the State. In fact the non-legal and epigraphic literature of Rome tells us more about public bankers than do the sources on Roman law. Their work did not give rise to many legal problems, as we may conclude from the fact they are mentioned only in two juridical passages. The assessment of the quality of coins and their exchange, and other banking activities on behalf of the State were sufficiently supervised by Roman administrative officers, so there was no need for jurists to comment on them at length.
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Mousa, Mohamed, Andrew Adjah Sai i Gehad Salhin. "An Exploration for the Motives behind Enhancing Senior Banker’s Level of Organizational Resilience: A Holistic Case Study". Journal of Intercultural Management 9, nr 4 (1.12.2017): 141–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joim-2017-0025.
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AbstractObjective: the present paper aims to explore the main motives behind Cairo bank’s attempts to raise its senior bankers’ level of organizational resilience.Methodology: after gathering and investigating all relevant literature about organizational resilience, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 of the senior bankers who work at Cairo bank at 6 October city, Giza, Egypt. All interviews were conducted in the Arabic language.Findings: the findings of this study show that senior bankers at Cairo bank, like many other Egyptian classes, struggle in a state of uncertainty and consider it the main motive behind their bank’s attempt to raise their resilience level. The pressure of stakeholders is, to a large extent, present, and there is a thought that fulfilling different societal obligations is a source for economic gains and accordingly, stakeholders’ pressure is a second motive behind raising employees’ organizational resilience. Furthermore, organizational culture adaptability and the tendency to responsively act in line with unpredicted events is a third motive. Finally, senior bankers’ loud voice in calling for continuous grants for education and training has come to be the fourth motive.Value added: the paper is considered the first to qualitatively investigate organizational resilience in Egypt.Recommendations: The researchers are of the view that the development of every departmental agenda for needed resilience is a priority for improving organizational capacity. Moreover, reformulating the bank’s values, operations and activities should also be considered to create a harmony between the external threats and the internal duties. Furthermore, there should be also an orientation to redefine the concept of “uncertainty” from time to time to include socio-political and socio-economic types of risk.
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EDITH GINGLINGER. "Climate risk and finance". Bankers, Markets & Investors 160, nr 1 (4.06.2020): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54695/bmi.160.10.
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Climate risks, whether physical risks or transition risks, represent an increasingly important issue for companies, bankers and institutional investors. This article provides a review of the recent literature on the relationship between climate risks and finance. It examines institutional investors’ perceptions of climate risks and reports findings on the impact of climate risks on the value of real estate, debt and equity.
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Zheng, Guang-Wen, Abu Bakkar Siddik, Mohammad Masukujjaman, Nazneen Fatema i Syed Shah Alam. "Green Finance Development in Bangladesh: The Role of Private Commercial Banks (PCBs)". Sustainability 13, nr 2 (15.01.2021): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020795.
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Green finance (GF) has been gaining significant attention in recent literature, owing to the rise in global actions against the climate change. It is conceptually ambiguous, with no conclusive agreement among researchers on its meaning. Therefore, the main purpose of the study is to identify the bankers’ perception of various dimensions of GF, and identify the major challenges affecting its implementation in Bangladesh. Besides, this study also reveals the status of GF in Bangladesh’s banks and non-bank financial institutions from 2014 to 2019. In order to define the key aspects of GF through the data obtained from 296 banking staffs of private commercial banks (PCBs) in Bangladesh, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used. The study also used descriptive statistics to identify the major challenges hindering the development of GF in Bangladesh. The findings of this study show that, in comparison with other banks and non-bank financial institutions, the PCBs are the largest contributors to direct GF, accounting for 74.2% of the total GF in Bangladesh. The outcomes of the study also identify the “economic dimension” as the most significant dimension affecting the level of bankers’ perceptions of GF. Moreover, the bankers perceived the “social and environmental dimensions” as being the second and third most crucial factors influencing GF, followed by sources of green financing. The empirical findings indicate that bankers of PCBs deemed the level of awareness, beliefs and understanding of the major dimensions of GF and sources of green financing to be satisfactory for the implementation of GF in Bangladesh. In addition, the study also shows that high transaction costs, heavy default culture, operational self-insufficiency, improper appraisal of loan applications, and the absence of adequate accountability and transparency are the major barriers to the development of GF in Bangladesh. Therefore, major policy implications are further discussed.
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Dartey-Baah, Kwasi, i Rexford Kojo Agbozo. "Does organisational politics affect leaders’ ability to engage Ghanaian Bankers?" Industrial and Commercial Training 53, nr 3 (5.04.2021): 217–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ict-09-2019-0091.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of transformational and transactional leadership styles on employees’ work engagement and the moderating effects of perceived organisational politics (POPS) in indigenous Ghanaian Banks. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a cross-sectional survey design and a quantitative approach to gather data from 430 respondents through the use of structured questionnaire. The covariance-based structural equation modelling was used to analyse the data with the aid of statistical package for social sciences and AMOS. Findings The analyses revealed that transformational leaders had a positive influence on employee engagement while transactional leadership did not have a significant influence on employee engagement. POPS also had no influence on employee engagement. Furthermore, POPS failed to moderate the relationship between leadership styles and employee engagement. Practical implications The findings of this study provide important practical implications for managers and policymakers in the banking sector of Ghana in engendering good leadership and political environments that will promote the engagement of employees. Originality/value The variables used in this study and the context, present interesting and fresh insights into the interplay between leadership styles, POPS and employee engagement, thereby contributing to the discourse on the leadership and human resource management literature. Furthermore, this study fills a gap in literature and challenges prior conceptions that negative political climates within the public and private banks is chiefly responsible for the recent troubles some banks have faced in Ghana’s banking sector.
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Thiam, Mouhamed El Bachire, Jonathan Liu i John Aston. "Ignoring personal moral compass: factors shaping bankers’ decisions". Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance 27, nr 3 (8.07.2019): 357–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfrc-12-2017-0110.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to increase our understanding of the challenges the banking industry continues to face from an ethics standpoint more than a decade after the credit crisis. Since 2007, there has been renewed interest in the way professional ethics is integrated within the banking culture. With a public that has become more sensitive towards ethical and corporate governance failures, the banking industry has been at the receiving end of strong ethical criticism. Yet, in spite of the regulatory response to the crisis, ethics is still a major issue in an industry where the corporate governance systems implemented by companies have failed to control employee behaviours, even in institutions branding themselves as ethical banks. Design/methodology/approach This paper studies factors inside and around institutions in the banking industry that impact the moral anomie in bankers’ professional environment. This paper applies an ordinary least square regression analysis, preceded by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, to test the hypothesised relations between anomie and the factors proposed. Findings The results show that long-term orientation, strategic aggressiveness and competitive intensity do have an influence on anomie. These results are compared to previous research applied in non-financial industries and prompt the strengthening of corporate governance systems in financial companies with aggressive corporate cultures. Originality/value The paper therefore introduces the factors that lead bankers to ignore the morals they gained from society and provide a better understanding of the reasons behind the deviant behaviours that caused the crisis a decade ago. It represents a crucial first step for future policymaking that fills an important gap in the financial regulation literature. Indeed, the lack of understanding of the factors dictating behaviours in the industry meant that regulatory changes in the past decade have mostly focussed on technical aspects of the problem (e.g. new capital structure requirements) and produced few answers to address the ethical challenges.
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O. Iyoha, F., Stephen A. Ojeka i Oyebisi Mary Ogundana. "Bankers’ perspectives on Integrated Reporting for value creation: evidence from Nigeria". Banks and Bank Systems 12, nr 2 (4.07.2017): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.12(2).2017.10.
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This study aims to examine the opinions of Zenith Bank employees on the value, content and processes, as well as the challenges of Integrated Reporting (IR) in Nigeria with the hope of highlighting recommendations to encourage organizations to adopt it. Ninetyeight employees responded to our survey. Generally, the respondents agree that IR has value that could lead to better reporting of corporate activities. They also identified challenges that could mitigate the value of IR. It was, however, noted that some of the challenges could be overcome with time, given that IR framework exists that is being tested by a number of organizations. The study recommends that there should be awareness campaigns to sensitize organizations on the value of IR. This paper contributes to the extant literature by offering insights of Zenith Bank employees on IR.
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Pál, Tamás, i Gabriella Lamanda. "Needed but Rejected: How to Implement the Financial Stability Objective into Monetary Policy?" Periodica Polytechnica Social and Management Sciences 26, nr 1 (14.06.2017): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppso.10706.
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The 2008 crisis forced central bankers and the representatives of academic literature to reassess the prevailing consensus on practice of monetary policy. Among other topics, the spotlight also fell on the question that how financial stability must be treated. Debate renewed on whether the central bank must play an active role in preventing and managing market turmoil, which consists of leaning against the wind of markets. This paper summarises opinions on this issue and offers our own conclusions. We found that currently neither the theoretical background nor empirical experience provide compelling evidence or a reference for central bankers to move away from their existing monetary policy framework and adopt a leaning against the wind policy. We conclude that the direct integration of financial stability considerations into monetary policy decision-making - i.e. as a form of rules - is not expected in the near future. However, we think that the debate remains open for two reasons: firstly, there is some uncertainty regarding the success of macroprudential regulation and its proper cooperation with monetary policy and secondly, the theoretical development of the implementation of financial cycles into monetary decision-making may also yield results.
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Michener, Ronald W., i Robert E. Wright. "State “Currencies” and the Transition to the U.S. Dollar: Clarifying Some Confusions". American Economic Review 95, nr 3 (1.05.2005): 682–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/0002828054201495.
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Farley W. Grubb's recent papers on the early U.S. monetary system would be important contributions to the common currency area literature were not most of their historical assertions questionable and their key assumption—that the medium of exchange can be inferred from the unit of account—dubious. We contend that after 1781 most Americans eschewed government paper money in favor of fullbodied coins and convertible bank liabilities and that, contrary to Grubb's claim, bankers did not foist the constitutional clause banning state emissions onto an unsuspecting public.
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Chandra Saha, Dr Gopal, Dr Shameem A. i Mahadi M. Faisal. "Prospects Electronic-Relationship Marketing (E-RM) in the Banking Sector of Bangladesh". Advances in Social Science and Culture 4, nr 2 (25.03.2022): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/assc.v4n2p1.
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Electronic-Relationship Marketing (E-RM) is an emerging marketing strategy in the banking sector of Bangladesh. For the last few years, RM and E-RM have attracted both customers and bankers as it is considered as a new ‘strategic weapon’ for maintaining proper relationships with the client. In the study, quantitative as well as qualitative data was gathered by taking personal interviews among 600 respondents, and the response rate was 100%. Empirical tests using factor analysis and tests of hypothesis using SEM were applied. An extensive analysis of the data enabled the researcher to formulate an E-RM model for the banking industry in Bangladesh to conceptualize the customer-banker relationship. It contributes to the existing body of banking and marketing literature by introducing ten factors: commitment, conflict management, responsiveness, ease of use, customization, service expense, security, communication, bonding, and trust. Most of the variables except three showed a significant and positive relationship between E-RM dimensions and customer satisfaction. The impact of customer loyalty on customer retention is also positive. The study suggests some recommendations in order to increase the effectiveness between E-RM dimensions and customer satisfaction. Finally, the thesis ends by setting out an agenda for future research.
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Feldman, Gerald D. "Industrialists, Bankers, and the Problem of Unemployment in the Weimar Republic". Central European History 25, nr 1 (marzec 1992): 76–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900019713.
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During the past decade and a half there has been considerable interest shown by economic and social historians in the problems of unemployment in the Weimar Republic, although we still await a work with the comprehensiveness and mastery of W. R. Garside's British Unemployment 1919–1939. Much of the literature on Germany has been devoted to the controversy over government studies of unemployment insurance and business and trade union attitudes toward work creation schemes. Social historians have engaged in a good deal of history from below and history of everyday life dealing with the unemployed themselves and have demonstrated, among other things, the devastating consequences of long-term unemployment and the welfare system on labor solidarity. Such historians are understandably more inclined to work on, and sympathize with, those who are fired rather than with those who do the firing, and are unlikely to lose much sleep about the effects of bad business conditions on capitalist behavior and solidarity. Nevertheless, I would argue that the everyday problems and decisions of Germany's bankers and industrialists have suffered from undeserved neglect.
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Ningsih, Mardhiyatur Rosita. "Sharia Banking’s Profit Loss Finance in the Context of ASEAN Economic Community". Shirkah: Journal of Economics and Business 1, nr 1 (30.04.2016): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/shirkah.v1i1.1.
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The paper aims to analyze the problems of profit and loss sharing financing is conducted through literature and interviews with funding customers, islamic bankers and entrepreneurs. The result show that profit oriented, lack of trust in the abilities of partners, moral hazard, mismanagement and lack of syariah product information. So, give Incentive for funding customers, incentive compatible constraint, involved effort in spiritual and intellectual expected may help small and medium enterprises to face ASEAN Economic Community. Keywords: ASEAN Economic Community, profit and loss sharing financing, small and medium enterprises
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Rab, Virág. "Could Deglobalization Kill Transnational Cooperation? A Brief Historical Lesson". Journal of Global Awareness 1, Fall/Winter (7.12.2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24073/jga/1/02/04.
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The study examines a historical period referred to in the literature as deglobalization. After the First World War, economic nationalism gained ground in some countries, mainly for political reasons, characterized by protectionist economic policies and the pursuit of autarchy/self-sufficiency. There were no international regulations or well-functioning international institutions that would have facilitated economic cooperation. How did those who worked hard to reconstruct the European economy react to this situation? This study presents this through the process of developing an informal network of bankers, and it indirectly highlights some important links between informal networks, globalization, and deglobalization.
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Jayasuriya Daluwathumullagamage, Dulani, i Alexandra Sims. "Fantastic Beasts: Blockchain Based Banking". Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, nr 4 (9.04.2021): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14040170.
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Blockchain is one of the primary digital technologies utilised in the finance industry with huge future potential. This study conducts a systematic literature review of a final sample of 407 prior literature from an initial set of 1979 records for the sample period of 2013–2020 with regard to blockchain adoption in banking. This review is further supplemented by a machine learning based textual analysis that identifies key themes, trends, divergences and gaps between academic and practitioner led industry literature. Moreover, the study highlights present, future use cases, adoption barriers and misconceptions of blockchains in banking, especially given COVID-19. Furthermore, this study identifies behavioural, social, economic, regulatory and managerial implications of blockchain based banking. In addition, our study identifies the cross-industry potential of blockchains via banking, thus, linking much disconnected prior literature. Finally, we develop a blockchain adoption framework and an adoption life cycle for banking. This study would be of interest to academics, bankers, regulators, investors, auditors and other stakeholders in financial markets.
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Cook, Weston F. "Islamic Expressions in Art, Culture, and Literature". American Journal of Islam and Society 15, nr 2 (1.07.1998): 155–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v15i2.2191.
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The Fourteenth Annual Conference of The American Councilfor the Study of islamic Societies, held on May 2 and 3, 1997,at The Connelly Center, Villanova University, Villanova, PAThe American Council for the Study of Islamic Societies (ACSIS), isone of the oldest continuing organizations in the United States that focusesspecifically on Muslim states, societies, and the problems confrontingMuslim communities throughout the world. Composed of American andforeign scholars, non-Muslims as well as Muslims, ACSIS encompassesthe full range of humanities and social science disciplines. The representeddisciplines include the familiar areas of political science, history,linguistics, philosophy, religion, economics, anthropology, internationalrelations, and sociology; moreover, artists, musicians, media specialists,poets, folklorists, architects, agronomists, bankers, educators, and businessconsultants are involved in the Council‘s work. Along with this professionaldiversity, ACSIS has always taken special pride in providing aforum for younger and innovative students to present their ideas andresearch and encouraging them to publishTrue to these founding goals, the Board of Directors chose “Cultural,Artistic, and Popular Expressions in Islam” as the theme for this conference.Papers on Muslim works from the Americas, Europe, South Asia,China, Africa, and the heartlands of the ummah were solicited. The callfor papers also struck new directions for ACSIs-seeking music andperformance presentations, calligraphy, textile art, film and animation,calligraphy, cuisine, and other original formats different from the standardconfenmce panel modes. The Board also designated long-timemember Weston F. Cook, Jr. as program chair and organizer. Dr. Dale F.Eickelman of Dartmouth College, currently a scholar-in-residence at the ...
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Agha, Hina, i Dr Mubashir Ali Khan. "Financial Literacy and Investment Intention in Financial Assets: A systematic Literature Review Synthesis". Journal of Policy Research 9, nr 3 (30.09.2023): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.61506/02.00108.
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The purpose of this study is to contribute through highlighting importance of FL while investments in financial assets. In this study, we use systematic literature review approach to evaluate the impact of FL on investment intention in financial assets. This review has many conceptual and theoretical implication as it provides a deep understanding of impact of FL on investment intention, which could be very useful for finance practitioners. More specifically, the study aims to provide useful information to strategist in financial firms, advisors to state, investors who trade on the stock exchange, fund managers, financial analyst and strategist, investment bankers, traders/brokers at the stock exchange, policymakers, academics and market players to make effective decisions, as well as provide suggestions for potential future actions for the government to encourage investment by households by understanding the nature of their problems. This study contributed conceptually as one of the few and authentic SLRs which highlights the importance of FL influence on financial assets investment intentions by presenting the authentic and contemporary published literature on the specific subject.
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Jauhari, Sofuan. "Hybrid Contracts Ditinjau dari Perspektif Hadits". Ngabari: Jurnal Studi Islam dan Sosial 13, nr 2 (8.12.2020): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.51772/njsis.v13i2.59.
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This study aims to determine how the law of hybrid contracts according to the hadith reviews. The literature study method was used in this research. Researchers found several hadiths about the prohibition of baiataini fi baiatin. After being traced based on their sanad and matan, the quality of these hadiths is shahih or authentic. Islamic economists and Muslim bankers use the hadith about the prohibition of baiataini fi baiatin as a guideline for determining the prohibition of hybrid contracts. Furthermore, the existence of research on the quality of this hadith will be beneficial for people to increase their confidence in rejecting or avoiding transactions categorized as hybrid contracts.
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Mittal, Suman, Krishan K. Garg i Renu Aggarwal. "A comparative study of retail banking practices in compliance with regulatory standard". Journal of Financial Crime 26, nr 3 (2.07.2019): 808–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-11-2018-0118.
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Purpose The Indian banking industry has undergone many changes with the advent of changing economic environment in the country. Many changes have taken place in terms of customer services, work culture, infrastructure, approach to sales and customer relationship management amongst others. This paper aims to attempt to evaluate the adherence of BCSBI code by the banks. Customer perception has been evaluated to analyse the adherence of the code. Also, the authors have tried to evaluate the impact of customer type (mass and class customers) and bank type (based on bank ownership- private and public banks) on the compliance of the code by the bankers or minimum regulatory requirements with respect to customer services. Questionnaire has been developed as per the Banking Code and Standard Board of India (a customer services cell of Reserve Bank of India), and BCSBI has been used as a regulatory standard to compare the level of compliance by the banks. Design/methodology/approach Primary data have been collected from private and public sector banks. In the first step, instrument validity and reliability has been checked by using structural equation modelling; in the second step, descriptive statistics has been used to know the extent of fulfillment of standard by banks; and in the third step, a two-way multivariate analysis of variances has been used to do the comparative analyses of the respondents data. Findings The overall finding of the research shows that overall adherence of the dimension of code are not in sync with the objective of the code. Study also has shown the mindset of the Indian bankers that how they predominantly serve the class customers and push those products to the customers which are target based or earn profitability for the banks and incentives for the banker. Private banks are ahead in compliance with respect to the customer services, but they are also ahead in sales malpractices. Practical implications This study is an eye opener for the regulators, as per BCSBI regulations, surprise supervision take place every year, but this study shows the ineffectiveness of that supervision. Following the BCSBI norms by the banks is just eyewash of regulators, but all the norms are fulfilled only in papers but not in actual practice. Originality/value The research paper is original piece of work; the researcher did not find any study related to BCSBI code in Indian as well as in international literature.
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Jain, Amit, i Divya Sharma. "Workarounds and social support: the saviors for visually impaired bankers in India". Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society 16, nr 2 (14.05.2018): 138–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jices-05-2017-0031.
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Purpose This research aims to study the coping experience of visually impaired (VI) bankers in India after they have received reasonable accommodation from their employers, that is, the work process or environment has been suitably modified to ensure a barrier-free environment for them. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 12 VI bankers working with public sector banks in India. A phenomenological approach was adopted during data analysis. Findings Despite the provision of reasonable accommodations, VI employees often find it difficult to fulfill their job responsibilities. This is on account of extensive paperwork required for completion of their jobs and the partially accessible information systems available to them. As a result, these VI employees are found resorting to workarounds to carry out their jobs, with the nature of workarounds adopted varying with the type and extent of visual impairment. Furthermore, it is observed that VI employees require social support not only from their superiors and peers but also from their subordinates and customers to carry out their tasks. Research limitations/implications Data collection was done through snowball sampling which could have resulted in sampling bias. Due to confidentiality issues, observation of workarounds in practice by VI employees could not be carried out as part of the study. Originality/value The study contributes to the literature on integration of persons with disabilities (PwDs) by examining their coping experience after provision of reasonable accommodations. It emphasizes the role of workarounds, an under-studied area in PwD integration, as well as support of other stakeholders in the experience.
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Kurniawan, Veranto. "The Role of Regulatory Technology & Bankers to Prevent Money Laundering in Bank". JBMP (Jurnal Bisnis, Manajemen dan Perbankan) 9, nr 1 (26.04.2023): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/jbmp.v9i1.1660.
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Bank is a financial institution that is most often used as a place for money laundering, as well as the most financial institution that sends suspicious transaction reports to the Indonesian Financial Transaction Reports and Analysis Center (PPATK). This study aims to illustrate the impact of adopting regulatory technology (regtech) and the role of AML officers in the Indonesian banking sector on money laundering prevention effectiveness. The primary data for this study was collected through a survey instrument distributed to 689 AML officers in Indonesia with the expertise in anti-money laundering (AML) compliance; there were 296 respondents that filled the questionnaire with a response rate of 42.9%. The results of multivariate analysis indicate that electronic know your customer (KYC) is not significant in money laundering prevention. Transactions monitoring (TM) of regtech and cost & time (CT) of regtech, drive money laundering prevention to a highly statistically positive & significant. Furthermore, there is a positive & significant relationship between bankers competency & awareness in money laundering prevention. Research related to regtech and AML officers in Indonesian banking sector money laundering prevention efforts is still very limited in Indonesia. This study contributes to the existing literature on anti-money laundering and the development of anti-money laundering technology.
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Sampath, Gayathri, Som Sekhar Bhattacharyya i Bala Krishnamoorthy. "Microfoundations approach to strategic agility – Exploration to operationalization". Journal of General Management 46, nr 2 (styczeń 2021): 103–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306307020939359.
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Strategic agility (SA) has become an established construct in strategic management literature. SA has been an existential element in firms for superior firm responsiveness towards market requirements. The presence of SA in organizations resulted in achieving competitive superiority. However, there has been dearth of literature regarding the enablers of SA in organizations. The authors explored this based upon an exploratory study by anchoring the study in the banking industry, which was witnessing dynamic shifts in both the operating environment and the industry landscape. The research purpose was to build a process level understanding of SA through microfoundation approach. Data were collected from 34 expert bankers. Using content analysis technique, the researchers found 11 microfoundations. The two meta-capabilities of SA were strategic sensitivity and resource fluidity. Identification of these microfoundations would help managers to promote organizational SA and undertake effective and sustainable firm initiatives towards market response.
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Fleet, Kate. "Review: Gold for the Sultan: Western Bankers and Ottoman Finance, 1856–1881 Christopher Clay". Journal of Islamic Studies 14, nr 1 (1.01.2003): 98–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jis/14.1.98.
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Nesan, Jawahar. "Project Finance Model for Small Contractors in USA". Construction Economics and Building 6, nr 1 (20.11.2012): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v6i1.2966.
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Construction projects do not require a large capital outlay but a large working capital to start up the project. Unfortunately, for small contractors there are very limited options available from the banks or other lending institutions to cover this large working capital requirement in the absence of sufficient collateral. The “Project Finance” method presented in this paper is recommended as the most effective method for small contractors in the United States. The problems of small and start up contractors in funding their projects have been little addressed in the literature. The current financing practices were observed through both the literature review and interviews with contractors and bankers in the western Michigan area and subsequently a system has been proposed which could help a small start-up company seeking higher growth. The growth rates that can be achieved using the project finance system in contrast to the traditional “line of credit” arrangements as illustrated in this paper show that the project finance model is beneficial.
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Atiku, Sulaiman Olusegun, Godwin Kaisara, Stewart Kaupa i Hylton Villet. "Dimensions of learning organization: Implications for human resources effectiveness in commercial banks". Management Science Letters 12, nr 2 (2022): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2021.10.002.
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This study examines the dimensions of learning organization essential in enhancing Human Resources (HR) effectiveness towards the attainment of the strategic objectives of commercial banks operating in Nigeria. This study adopted a survey research design following a quantitative approach for data collection and analysis procedure. The respondents (professional bankers) were selected using a convenience sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was designed and administered to 305 respondents in the participating commercial banks. The data was analysed using a variance-based structural equation modelling via SmartPLS, version 3.2.9. The results showcased specific learning dimensions to consider in designing learning and development interventions for HR effectiveness in commercial banks. There is a dearth of literature on the specific learning dimensions that play a prominent role in ensuring HR effectiveness in the banking industry in developing countries, particularly in Nigeria. The outcomes of this study contribute to the extant literature and assist HR business partners in adding value to commercial banks through HR effectiveness.
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Huang, Stanley Y. B., Chih-Jen Lee i Shih-Chin Lee. "Toward a Unified Theory of Customer Continuance Model for Financial Technology Chatbots". Sensors 21, nr 17 (24.08.2021): 5687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21175687.
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With the popularity of financial technology (fintech) chatbots equipped with artificial intelligence, understanding the user’s response mechanism can help bankers formulate precise marketing strategies, which is a crucial issue in the social science field. Nevertheless, the user’s response mechanism towards financial technology chatbots has been relatively under-investigated. To fill these literature gaps, latent growth curve modeling was adopted by the present research to survey Taiwanese users of fintech chatbots. The present study proposed a customer continuance model to predict continuance intention for fintech chatbots and that cognitive and emotional dimensions positively influence the growth in a user’s attitude toward fintech chatbots, which in turn, positively influences continuance intention over time. In total, 401 customers of fintech chatbots were surveyed through three time points to examine the relationship between these variables over six months. The results support the theoretical model of this research and can advance the literature of fintech chatbots and the information technology adoption model.
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Khan, Rubaiyet H., Geetha Subramaniam, Ershad Ali i Saida Parvin. "Islamic banking opportunities in a non-Islamic economy: Customer perspectives of New Zealand". Journal of Emerging Economies and Islamic Research 6, nr 3 (30.09.2018): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jeeir.v6i3.8788.
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New Zealand as a representative of a non-Islamic economy holds some unique characteristics. It is small enough to test a new banking concept without many risks at the same time the results can be replicated effectively in larger economies like Australia, Canada, UK and USA. The current study uses four exploratory interviews and a robust literature review to propose frameworks for future studies in this area of knowledge. The results suggest opportunities of a market that can be a source of effective knowledge for successful market entries for Islamic banks around the world. Finding of this study may be of interest of future researchers in this area as well as managers and bankers looking for future markets of Islamic banks.
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Konalingam, Kajenthiran, Umanakenan Ratnam, Achchuthan Sivapalan i Miresh Naveen. "Enhancing Customer Loyalty Through E-Banking Practices". Business Management and Strategy 8, nr 2 (25.10.2017): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/bms.v8i2.12054.
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Enhancing customer loyalty serves as a basic strategy for gaining competitive advantage in the banking industry and enables bankers to make a loyal customer base. The purpose of this work is to propose and empirically investigate a comprehensive mechanism for enhancing customer loyalty to banks via e-banking practices. A questionnaire derived from previous studies and the relevant literature was completed by 472 bank customers in Jaffna city, Sri Lanka. Multiple regression analysis was performed to test hypotheses. The results indicated that customer loyalty was influenced by content & website layout, privacy & security, and accessibility. The findings of this paper contribute to previous research by adding to existing knowledge relating to e-banking practices and customer loyalty in banking industries.
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Baerg, Nicole, i Will Lowe. "A textual Taylor rule: estimating central bank preferences combining topic and scaling methods". Political Science Research and Methods 8, nr 1 (18.09.2018): 106–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2018.31.
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AbstractScholars often use voting data to estimate central bankers’ policy preferences but consensus voting is commonplace. To get around this, we combine topic-based text analysis and scaling methods to generate theoretically motivated comparative measures of central bank preferences on the US Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) leading up to the financial crisis in a way that does not depend on voting behavior. We apply these measures to a number of applications in the literature. For example, we find that FOMC members that are Federal Reserve Bank Presidents from districts experiencing higher unemployment are also more likely to emphasize unemployment in their speech. We also confirm that committee members on schedule to vote are more likely to express consensus opinion than their off schedule voting counterparts.
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Greig, Bruce, Peter Nuthall i Kevin Old. "Farmers’ characteristics’ and the propensity to reduce debt". Agricultural Finance Review 79, nr 5 (7.10.2019): 614–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/afr-02-2019-0020.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate a farm manager’s personal characteristics (personality, age, education, objectives, experience, etc.) as drivers of debt payback success and rates. Traditionally bankers have used historic business statistics, and equity levels, to assess loans and credit worthiness. It is hypothesised that a managers’ personal characteristics are likely to be a better predictor of future debt payback performance. Design/methodology/approach The literature was searched to isolate the managers’ personal variables likely to determine debt payback. The information led to defining a quantitative model based on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) which was hypothesised as determining payback rates where a choice was available. A postal random stratified survey of NZ owner operator farm managers provided the data to test the model and define its parameters using regressions, structural equation modelling and statistical comparisons. Findings The modelling results make it clear a manager’s personal characteristics are highly correlated with debt payback and, logically, are very likely to be the drivers. Four random effects equations and a comparison of high- and low-debt payback managers led to this conclusion. Practical implications Bankers should use the managers’ personal characteristics, as defined in the regressions, alongside traditional measures when assessing farm business loan requests. This approach is opposite to the traditional methods using mainly historic data. Originality/value The use of the TPB in assessing debt payback is a new and novel approach showing how enduring personal characteristics can be used in assessing proposals, and particularly, entrepreneurs’ adventurist investments in situations where historic data are not available.
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Gara Bach Ouerdian, Emna, i Nizar Mansour. "The relationship of social capital with objective career success: the case of Tunisian bankers". Journal of Management Development 38, nr 2 (4.03.2019): 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmd-09-2018-0257.
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PurposeAlthough much research has investigated the impact of social capital on objective career success, the process through which this relation is established remains under-explored. In addition, studies conducted in the Middle East and North Africa region are scarce. The purpose of this paper is to examine and potentially bridge these gaps.Design/methodology/approachData were collected via survey from 348 Tunisian bankers. Path analysis using AMOS was used to explore the relationships between mentoring received, network resources training and development and objective career success. For testing the mediating hypotheses, the authors employed bootstrapping.FindingsResults support the conjecture that social capital is useful for career success. The authors found that when the employees receive mentoring, they seem to develop more instrumental network resources, and consequently they have wider access to training and development, which, in turn, will be related to better promotion outcomes. However, expressive network resources were not related to objective career success, and training and development did not mediate the relationship between these network resources and career success.Originality/valueTo the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the first studies to explore the relationship between social capital and objective career success in the Tunisian context. This paper also reveals the mediating role of training and development in the above relationship. These findings add to the cross-cultural literature on careers.
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Tran, Dai Binh, i Duc Hong Vo. "Should bankers be concerned with Intellectual capital? A study of the Thai banking sector". Journal of Intellectual Capital 19, nr 5 (8.10.2018): 897–914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jic-12-2017-0185.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the causal effect of intellectual capital (IC) performance on financial performance at Thai listed banks. Design/methodology/approach Data are collected from 16 listed banks in Thailand for the period 1997–2016. This paper uses the value-added intellectual coefficient methodology suggested by Pulic (1998, 2004) to measure IC. This study employs a fixed-effects and random-effects model and generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator to investigate the causal effect of IC on financial performance. Findings The results show that bank profitability is driven mainly by capital employed efficiency to make a profit. However, human capital efficiency marginally reduces bank profitability in the current period but has positive effects on future profitability. Research limitations/implications First, this study does not cover data on foreign banks, which reduces the generalizability of the results. Second, financial statements can be manipulated through accounting adjustments. Lastly, subsequent research should control for more bank characteristics, such as bank ownership, the non-performing loan ratio and R&D expenditure. Practical implications To achieve higher future profitability, banks should not only manage their physical and financial capital effectively but also improve employee efficiency. Originality/value This paper contributes to the literature on IC in the banking sector in emerging countries. Moreover, this paper is the first to employ the GMM method in the banking context to address possible endogeneity problems.
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Musacchio, Aldo, i Ian Read. "Bankers, Industrialists, and their Cliques: Elite Networks in Mexico and Brazil during Early Industrialization". Enterprise & Society 8, nr 4 (grudzień 2007): 842–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700006479.
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The historiographies of Mexico and Brazil have implicitly stated that business networks were crucial for the initial industrialization of these two countries. Recently, differing visions on the importance of business networks have arisen. In the case of Mexico, the literature argues that entrepreneurs relied heavily on an informal institutional structure to obtain necessary resources and information. In contrast, the recent historiography of Brazil suggests that after 1890 the network of corporate relations became less important for entrepreneurs trying to obtain capital and concessions, once the institutions promoted financial markets and easy entry for new businesses. Did entrepreneurs in Brazil and Mexico organize their networks differently to deal with the different institutional settings? We examine whether in Mexico businessmen relied more on networks of interlocking boards of directors and other informal arrangements to do business than in Brazil. Our hypothesis is confirmed by three related results: (1) the total number of connections (i.e., the density of the network) was higher in Mexico than Brazil; (2) in Mexico, there was one dense core network, while in Brazil we find fairly dispersed clusters of corporate board interlocks; and most importantly, (3) politicians played a more important role in the Mexican network of corporate directors than their counterparts in Brazil. Interestingly, even though Brazil and Mexico relied on very different institutional structures, both countries had similar rates of growth between 1890 and 1913. However, the dense and exclusive Mexican network might have ended up increasing the social and political tensions that led to the Mexican Revolution (1910–1920).
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Anwar, Muhammad. "Towards an Interest-Free Islamic Economic System". American Journal of Islam and Society 3, nr 1 (1.09.1986): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v3i1.2763.
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The author, who is chief economist at the Banker's Equity Limited, aninterest-free institution in Pakistan, earned his Ph.D. in 1983 from BostonUniversity. This book, a revised version of his doctoral dissertation acceptedat that university, is the first publication sponsored by the International Associationfor Islamic Economics in collaboration with the Islamic Foundation.The study contains important lessons for both interest-bearing and theinterest-free Islamic societies. Theoreticians and practitioners in finance canequally benefit from this timely publication. It is therefore a very useful additionto the literature in Islamic economics and in the "signalling theory"in finance, which are both new and fast growing areas of study.Traditional banking is on the brink of crisis at present. The banks are failingat a post-depression record rate in the United States. Experts agree thata single event such as inability of the developing nations to service their debt,a steep fall in oil prices, withdrawal of petrodollars from the traditional institutions,or a significant rise in the interest rates, can lead to hture widespreadfailures of banking institutions. Traditional bankers in search of alternativessuch as Islamic banking can benefit from Dr. Khan's rigorous cost benefitanalysis.Muslim societies interested in Islamization can recognize some of the difficultiespointed out by the author, especially the information or disclosurecosts associated with interest-free financing. Material incentives, which frequentlyexceed the moral teachugs of Islam in contempomy Muslim societies,may lead to dishonesty in reporting the costs and benefits of business projectsamong the concerned parties.Chapter one outlines the objectives and organization of the study. Readersare informed that the origin of the principles of Islamic economics lies in ...
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Peihani, Maziar. "Basel Committee on Banking Supervision". Brill Research Perspectives in International Banking and Securities Law 1, nr 1 (18.07.2016): 1–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24056936-12340001.
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The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (bcbs) was established in 1974 as an informal group of central bankers and bank supervisors with the mandate to formulate supervisory standards and guidelines. Although the Committee does not have any formal supranational authority, it is the de facto global banking regulator and its recommendations have been widely implemented by member and non-member states. This project investigates the bcbs’s governance, operation, and policy outcomes to determine the extent to which it is and has been legitimate. The project is comprised of two parts. This part overviews the literature on the bcbs, outlines its contribution, and provides a primer on the Committee’s governance and functions. In addition, it engages with the current theories on legitimacy and discusses what legitimacy means for the global governance of banking and how it can be assessed.
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Siddique, Muhammad, Owais Mufti i Shah Wali Khan. "Internally Oriented High-performance Work Systems and Organizational Performance: Empirical Evidence from Banking Sector in Pakistan". Global Social Sciences Review IV, nr II (30.06.2019): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(iv-ii).12.
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This study analyses the influence of high-performance work systems on organizational performance. As, previous studies have mostly focused on individual HR practices in determining the influence of HR practices on performance so research is needed to analyze the combined effect of HRM practices as system to understand the importance of HR on performance. Based on AMO framework, this study investigated the effect of HR system on organizational performance using employees’ perspectives in highly interdependent work settings. In this study, primary data was obtained from 218 bank branches in collaboration with Institute of bankers Pakistan and bank management in the form of managers’ and employees’ perceptions about HPWS and its effect on performance. Results suggest that HPWS was significantly linked to deposits, advances and unit level profitability. Results pointed out new insights to HPWSperformance literature from employees perspectives.
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Gupta, Sanjeev, i Sachin Kashyap. "Modelling volatility and forecasting of exchange rate of British pound sterling and Indian rupee". Journal of Modelling in Management 11, nr 2 (9.05.2016): 389–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jm2-04-2014-0029.
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Purpose The paper aims to analyse the extent of volatility and generating forecasts of exchange rates of British pound and Indian rupees in US terms. Design/methodology/approach This study applies different combinations of GARCH and EGARCH models suggested in the Econometric literature to capture the extent of volatility. The forecast of exchange rates of British Pound and Indian Rupees in US terms are generated applying artificial neural network (ANN) technique using different combination of networks with hyperbolic tangent function at hidden and output stage of the model. Findings The presence of volatility depicts that there is noise and chaos in the forex market. Prediction of exchange rate of the respective currencies underscores that exchange rates will increase marginally in near future. Practical Implications The results proposed in this study will be benchmark for the hedgers, investors, bankers, practitioners and economists to foresee the exchange rate in the presence of volatility and design policies accordingly. Originality/value In literature, no study has applied ANN for forecasting exchange rate after measuring the extent of volatility. The present study is a unique contribution in the existing pool of literature to forecasts the concerned variable(s) after ascertaining the noise and chaos in the data by applying GARCH family models.
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Kovačević, Vlado, Irena Janković i Vesna Paraušić. "Lending against warehouse receipts: Evidence from Serbia". Ekonomika poljoprivrede 68, nr 2 (2021): 341–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ekopolj2102341k.
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The paper examines factors influencing development of the public warehouse system. Public warehouse system primary role is to provide stakeholders in agribusiness financing against stored commodity as collateral. Case study is conducted in Serbia. Interviews with banks, analyses of the public warehouse results, computational analyses and intensive literature research were conducted. Most important factors for lending against warehouse receipts from bankers' perspectives are guarantee system performances followed by efficient enforcement procedure, efficient public warehouse surveillance, favourable central bank's rating of warehouse receipts and subsidies. According to the results, Serbian public warehouse legal framework is properly established resulting in fast development of the public warehouse system in first years. After 2014 system deteriorated primarily due to the absence of inspection and Indemnity fund low guarantee performance. Lessons learned from Serbia point out that besides proper legal framework, implementation and favourable business environment are paramount for successful public warehouse system.
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Bagna, Emanuel, i Enrico Cotta Ramusino. "Market Multiples and the Valuation of Cyclical Companies". International Business Research 10, nr 12 (23.11.2017): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v10n12p246.
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Market multiples are more often used than studied. Equity analysts, investment bankers and other practitioners widely use market multiples to estimate the value of companies. Nevertheless, literature about multiples is not as rich as the wide use of these valuation tools would suggest. This paper, focusing on European listed companies, investigates how multiples can be used in the valuation of cyclical companies, a much less investigated research topic. We test the accuracy of multiples to understand whether their performance in valuing cyclical companies is better, worse or equal to the performance found in prior studies, where both cyclical and non cyclical companies are analyzed without distinguishing between them. We also attempt to verify whether the way in which multiples are calculated significantly affects the accuracy of estimation. Our aim is to develop a valuation approach consistent with valuation theory and helpful in everyday practice.
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Bonilla, Claudio A. "SOCIAL CHOICE AND TIME CONSISTENCY WITH LOW-PROBABILITY EVENTS". Macroeconomic Dynamics 21, nr 7 (6.06.2016): 1706–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100515001030.
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A key result in macroeconomics is the “time inconsistency of short-run optimal plans.” It is argued that inflationary bias results if central bankers do not precommit to a monetary policy rule. The macro literature, however, does not address the way in which board members arrive at the “optimal choice of inflation rate.” That is a matter of a micro subfield called social choice. If we consider that on any board, members have different priors about the states of nature for the economy, but they all receive the same signal before deciding, then they will have different posterior probabilities for the states, even if they have many data, if one state has a low probability of occurring, such as an unlikely catastrophic-risk event. Thus, it is not clear what the optimal plan is. Therefore, discretion rather than rules may be the optimal plan in social choice settings.
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Halgin, Daniel S., i Susie Pak. "The significance of social clubs in the economic network of J.P. Morgan & Co.: partnership agreements, syndicates & interlocking directorates prior to World War II". Revista de Historia Industrial — Industrial History Review 32, nr 88 (14.07.2023): 49–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1344/rhiihr.41444.
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What role do social clubs play in the facilitation of cooperative relationships between economic actors? By studying the historical networks of investment bankers in the United States pre-World War II, we propose that social ties in the form of shared social club memberships facilitate the strategic creation of interfirm and intrafirm cohesion that guides economic transactions. The focus of our paper is the New York firm of J. P. Morgan & Co., the leading American investment bank before the Second World War. Through statistical and qualitative analyses we demonstrate that social club ties influenced firm ownership, syndicate participation, and interlocking directorate board memberships. Our study advances the literature on social elites by identifying the strategic interplay between social embeddedness and economic action through social organizations, highlighting the unique role of social clubs as historical sites of economic collaboration during the Progressive Era in the United States.
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Rahman, Mahfuzur, Cheong Li Sa i Md Abdul Kaium Masud. "Predicting Firms’ Financial Distress: An Empirical Analysis Using the F-Score Model". Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, nr 5 (1.05.2021): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14050199.
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Financial performance of firms is very important to bankers, shareholders, potential investors, and creditors. The inability of firms to meet their liabilities will affect all its stakeholders and will result in negative consequences in the wider economy. The objective of the study is to explore the applicability of a distress prediction model which uses the F-Score and its components to identify firms which are at high risk of going into default. The study incorporates a prediction model and vast literature to address the research questions. The sample of the study is collected from publicly listed firms of the United States. In total, 81 financially distressed firms wereextracted from the UCLA-LoPucki Bankruptcy Research Database during 2009–2017. This study found that the relationship of the F-Score and probability of firms going into financial distress is significant. This study also demonstrated that firms which are at risk of distress tend to record a negative cash flow from operations (CFO) and showed a greater decline in return on assets (ROA) in the year prior to default. This study extends the existing literature by supporting a model which has not been widely used in the area of financial distress predictions.
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Classen, Albrecht. "Wucher als Thema bei spätmittelalterlichen didaktischen Autoren". Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik 82, nr 2 (12.04.2022): 176–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756719-12340250.
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Abstract We have often heard in medieval sources the vicious and violent accusation of Jews being usurers who terribly exploited their Christian debtors. Indeed, loaning money or giving credits was one of the major, if not almost only option for Jews to earn a living in the late Middle Ages, though we have recently learned that even that concept is not quite true. Nevertheless, usury was traditionally associated with Jews, as medieval authors consistently emphasized. However, when we comb through the evidence of thirteenth-century didactic literature, we normally do not discover Jews as involved in that business, even though usury is commonly condemned vehemently. This forces us to acknowledge that the discourse on usury was already fully in swing when the public did not even associate it with Jews. The later accusation was hence the result of deliberate strategies by Christian bankers who needed an effective screen to divert attention from their own financial businesses.
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Javid, Muhammad, i Kashif Munir. "The Price Puzzle and Monetary Policy Transmission Mechanism in Pakistan: Structural Vector Autoregressive Approach". Pakistan Development Review 49, nr 4II (1.12.2010): 449–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v49i4iipp.449-460.
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The prime objective of economic policies is to increase the welfare of the general public and the monetary policy supports this broad objective by focusing its efforts to promote price stability. The growing importance of monetary policy stabilisation efforts may reflect both political and economic realities. Understanding the transmission mechanism of monetary policy to inflation and other real economic variables is imperative for central bankers to conduct monetary policy effectively. High inflation reduces growth by reducing investment and productivity growth which reduces the welfare, gives a theoretical foundation for the choice of price stability as an objective of monetary policy. These arguments about monetary policy objectives lead to the choice of price stability as the single or primary objective of monetary policy. Monetary policy is one of the important tools with the monetary authorities to achieve the objectives of price stability. There is extensive theoretical as well as empirical literature available on the effects of monetary policy shocks on the real economic aggregates and prices.
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KOJI, HIRATA. "Britain's Men on the Spot in China: John Jordan, Yuan Shikai, and the Reorganization Loan, 1912–1914". Modern Asian Studies 47, nr 3 (1.10.2012): 895–934. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x12000455.
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AbstractIn this paper I examine British policy towards the Yuan Shikai government in China between 1912 and 1914 through a consideration of the role of Britain's ‘men on the spot’ in China (i.e. British diplomats and bankers resident there). In doing so, I synthesize two bodies of literature that rarely interact: British imperial history and work by China historians. Three main elements shaped British policy in China: first, British policy-makers were determined to support Yuan Shikai's consolidation of power in China; second, in the making of its China policy, the Foreign Office relied heavily on Britain's men on the spot; and, finally, these men were anxious about the vulnerability of the Yuan Shikai government and were therefore manipulated to a certain extent by Chinese politicians. I suggest that British policy-makers were reacting to, rather than controlling, Chinese politics and that in this period collaboration with British imperialism was a rational choice for the Yuan Shikai government.
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Sheehan, Brett. "Myth and Reality in Chinese Financial Cliques in 1936". Enterprise & Society 6, nr 3 (wrzesień 2005): 452–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700014622.
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Much of current scholarly work argues that China and Chinese communities are distinguished by a culturally specific and unique pattern of networking based on personal relations (guanxi), but there is little agreement about whether such personal relations produce discrete factions or more disbursed, weblike connections. The literature on banking networks is similarly unclear, and most discussion has focused on regional groups, such as a clique made up of natives from Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces, or shared professional values among bankers. None of these approaches adequately describes actual connections, and this case study provides a new and empirically broad approach that applies tools of network analysis to interlocking bank directorships in 1936. This analysis shows the existence of twenty-four isolated banks; three very small, discrete, and regionally based groups; and one huge, diffuse, and weblike bank network that included virtually all Chinese bank assets and extended to most of China’s economically developed regions.
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TOKSOY ÇAĞAL, Meltem, i Yahya Mustafa KESKİN. "Functional Perception of Artificial Intelligence and Robot Technology". Sosyolojik Bağlam Dergisi 4, nr 2 (15.08.2023): 149–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.52108/2757-5942.4.2.4.
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Today, beyond being just technological objects, artificial intelligence and robots create a multidimensional relationship network within the social structure. This multidimensional network of relationships includes human actors such as mathematicians, engineers, bankers, doctors, soldiers, students, and teachers and non-human smart actors such as chatbots, virtual assistants, autonomous vehicles, translation programs, CCTV systems, drones, humanoid robots, and smart home robots. This study is aimed to determine the perception of function towards artificial intelligence and robots of individuals who use the said technology and follow the developments and whether this perception changes according to some variables. Some data on the perception of function towards artificial intelligence and robots are handled in line with Merton's functionality perspective. Qualitative and quantitative methods obtained the data, and it was observed that the perception of function towards the technology in question differs according to the people's expectations, needs, and positions. It is thought that the data obtained will be useful to the literature and the experts on the subject.