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Mafouana, Rodrigue Roland. "Elaboration des matériaux à bande interdite photonique". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/MAFOUANA_Rodrigue_Roland_2006.pdf.
The first phase of the project was the development of the opals, particularly the preparation of colloid suspensions by the Stöber reaction. To achieve self-organization of the silica particles with a good quality, we worked on the refinement of the size distribution of the silica particles. We showed that, for our operational device, it is necessary for the reagents to be purified and moderated at 40°C then that the reaction is carried out under moderate agitation (500 tr. Min-1). The colloidal suspensions are stabilized by extraction of the particles and handing-over in suspension in water then by heating with 120°/30 min. The colloidal spheres internal structure shows nanoporosity. The opals were worked out by electrosedimentation and were consolidated at 950°C. The optimal optical properties, maximum reflectivity, were obtained for a 4 hours annealing. The second part of this work consisted in using the silica opal as preforms to infiltrate the porous network and to build inverse opals more promising in term of photonic crystals. We infiltrated the previous opals with materials having a strong index (TiO2, ZrO2, magnetics metals, Au) either by successive infiltrations cycles or by electrocrystallization. The second method gave the most satisfying results. The third part of this work is related to the development of a method to elaborate photonic crystal by depositing successive monolayers of silica particles. On a substrate good quality monolayers were obtained with colloidal suspensions containing between 5. 5 and 9 M of silica in the form of particles of approximately 300 nm and a speed of extraction of 11,5 mm. Min-1. These two-dimensional meta-crystals of hexagonal symmetry show a good of diffraction yield. On the other hand the quality of the following layers degrades quickly. The mechanical stability and great structure quality of the monolayer of silica balls on these substrates made possible their use for the 2D nanostructuration of metal studs and the realization of the DFB laser
Mafouana, Rodrigue Roland Estournes Claude Rehspringer Jean-Luc. "Elaboration des matériaux à bande interdite photonique". Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2006. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/531/01/MAFOUANA2006.pdf.
Poilasne, Gregory. "Antennes et materiaux a bande interdite photonique (b. I. P. )". Rennes 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN10070.
Ferrand, Patrick. "Structures guidantes à bande interdite photonique à base de silicium nanoporeux". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003341.
Ferrand, Patrick. "Structures guidantes à bande interdite photonique à base de silicium nanoporeux". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10104.
Sérier, Cédric. "Conception, réalisation et caractérisation d'antenne à bande interdite photonique : application au fort gain". Limoges, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIMO0017.
This report is a study on photonic crystals, in order to use their properties to ceate P. B. G. Resonator antennas : Wideband 1D P. B. G. Resonator antenna : High gain 1D P. B. G. Resonator antenna : 3D P. B. G. Resonator antenna. More precisely, the different steps to design such antennas are presented as well as a study on the excitation of the structure by slot, which can replace patch antenna excitation
Pialat, Elodie. "Le Micro-usinage de dispositifs polymères à bande interdite photonique par faisceau d'ions". Limoges, 2004. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/221048f5-8cc4-493d-9156-e51b053adce6/blobholder:0/2004LIMO0010.pdf.
. The increase in the data transmission traffic imposes innovations. A solution considered is the Wavelenght Demultiplexing Method (WDM) Devices with photonic band gap lend themselves advantageously to the implementation of this technique, since they do not require any consumption of energy. Their manufacture in polymeric technology is the subject of this study. The first part of this work gives a progress report on the bands structures and on the electronic Valence Band Density Of State (VBDOS) of the organic materials use. The following part is devoted to comprehension of the physical phenomena related to the concept of crystal photonic, according to the models of : Yablonovitch and John. Then the theory of the plane waves expansion is developped and used to compute the photonic band gap structures. The 4th part is about the calculation and the manufacture of a focused ion beam machine, with a minimum beam diameter of 10nm, used to etch polymers. The last part exposes the conditions to etch 2D diffractive lattice in PMMA and CR39 according to the previously calculated dimensions
Viale, Pierre. "Gestion des effets non linéaires dans les fibres optiques à bande interdite photonique". Limoges, 2006. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/9a9c89be-3d7c-4b1d-8644-ee484619e0db/blobholder:0/2006LIMO0057.pdf.
Nonlinear effects in optical fibres were managed by means of photonic crystals (PC). On the one hand, such a metamaterial was employed to increase the threshold of appearance of nonlinear effects. Hence a silica core PC fibre exhibiting a large effective mode area was designed and fabricated. The subsequent characterization was studied in detail. Moreover, a properly designed PC allows propagation of light in a low index media such as air, which is a low nonlinear medium. Modelling of hollow core PC fibre was exposed together with our realizations and characterisations. On the other hand, specific properties of PC allow to propagate light in a highly-nonlinear low-index liquid filling the hollow core of a PC fibre so as to exacerbating nonlinear effects and creating novel optical sources. To the best of our knowledge, a low-loss liquid-core PC fibre was fabricated for the first time. A comprehensive theory of propagation was developed and confirmed by experiments
Vanvincq, Olivier. "Étude théorique des propriétés optiques linéaires et non-linéaires des fibres à bandes interdites photoniques à coeur solide". Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10036/document.
This thesis concerns the linear properties of solid-core photonic bandgap fibers and the use of their specific properties for guided non-linear optics.Part I focuses on optical properties of the core mode whose guidance mechanism is related to the photonic bandgaps of the microstructured cladding. A numerical tool is developed for bandgap calculation using the plane wave expansion method with the dispersion taken into account. This tool was used for the design of a fiber which allows the photo-writing of a Bragg grating. Then, the stationary perturbation method is applied to the determination of the effective index of the allowed modes at long wavelengths and to the identification of linearly polarized modes towards which they evolve.In part II, the generalized non-linear Schrödinger equation is established. In the case of a tapered fiber, an extra-term appears in the equation allowing the exact conservation of the photons number. Then, the principles of the soliton red-shift and supercontinuum generation are recalled. The usual analytical expression of soliton self-frequency shift rate is extended to the case of short-duration solitons which play an important part in the dynamics of supercontinuum generation.Part III focuses on results obtained in nonlinear regime in solid-core photonic bandgap fibers. We show that the strong value of the third order dispersion term is the cause of the soliton self-frequency shift suppression near the bandgap edge without significant energy loss. Then, this suppression was used to tailor the spectral extent of the supercontinuum and to reduce pulse-to-pulse fluctuations
Fehrembach, Anne-Laure. "Réseaux résonnants à Bande Interdite Photonique, nouveaux filtres pour le D. W. D. M". Aix-Marseille 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX30028.
Dense wavelength division multiplexing (D. W. D. M. ) significantly increases the optical telecommunication transmission rates. To separate the channels, narrow band spectral filters are necessary. Resonant gratings, composed with a grating engraved on a planar waveguide, are a potential solution. These structures support eigenmodes, which can be excited by a wave coming out of an optical fiber. The excitation creates a resonance peak in the reflected beam, for a given wavelength and incidence angle. In general, the peak does not exhibit the qualities required for the D. W. D. M. : at oblique incidence, the angular and spectral tolerances are weak, and the line shapes are polarization dependent. Combining photonic crystals concepts, a rigorous phenomenological theory, and a perturbative theory, we design a filter that meet all the conditions imposed by the D. W. D. M.
Laurent, Stéphane. "Cavités à bande interdite photonique bidimensionnelle et application à une source de photons uniques indiscernables". Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066535.
Isolating a single self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dot is a way to produce single photons. Moreover, the successively emitted photons can be indistinguishable if the emission process happens sufficiently fast. This radiative lifetime shortening can be obtained by the use of cavity effects (Purcell effect). In this work we describe the development of two-dimensional photonic band gap cavities for that purpose. A first step was the fabrication of GaAs photonic crystal cavities. Then, inserting a single layer of InAs/GaAs quantum dots in the structure, we managed to isolate a single quantum dot coupled to a single cavity mode, in the weak coupling regime. This system is an indistinguishable single photon source, with a degree of photon indistinguishability of 70 %. The observation of the photon indistinguishability is only possible through a shortening of the emitter lifetime, and indicates that the Purcell effect is more than 25 in this system
Denis, Marie-Sandrine. "Contribution à l'étude des matériaux à Bande Interdite Photonique : Application dans le domaine des antennes imprimées". Limoges, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LIMO0057.
Jamier, Raphaël. "Propriétés linéaires des fibres optiques à cristal photonique à cœur solide". Limoges, 2007. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/cc01e272-24b8-44b9-b5a1-478b8ebad714/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4044.pdf.
The insertion of photonic crystal in optical fibres made it possible to increase the thresholds of physical phenomena limiting the delivery and the generation of high power. The core size and the effective area (Aeff) of the fundamental mode are drastically increased while preserving a singlemode emission. The photonic crystal fibres studied here are defined by a one-dimensional periodic cladding allowing the light to be guided by the so-called photonic bandgap effect. Their potential is revealed through the study of their linear properties. Results about the design, fabrication and characterisation of fibres exhibiting large Aeff relative to the wavelength are reported. The drastic reduction of confinement loss and bending sensitivity is shown. The possibility of integrating such a fibre as a passive element in an “all fibre” laser source is also shown through an example of dispersion management
Lechevalier, Corentin. "Structure des bandes, états propres et dynamique non linéaire dans un réseau photonique fibré". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILR070.
The subject of this manuscript's research is based on the characterization the dynamics of light in a photonic lattice. Photonic lattice are platform where light can propagate and be precisely analysed. The photonic lattice studied is formed by two fiber coupled ring. The evolution of light inside the lattice is fully describe by one relation. This one is especially challenging to be measured in a single measure. In our study, we propose to measure the complet relation into a single measure thanks to an add-on device.When the relation is observed, we analyze its structure to describe fundamental propreties of the lattice. Our experimental device offer the possibility to measure various relation but moreover complex physical phenomena such as high pulses formation, coherents structures or pulses interactions
Oyhénart, Laurent. "Modélisation, réalisation et caractérisation de cristaux photoniques tridimensionnels en vue d'applications à la compatibilité électromagnétique". Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR13114.
Collardey, Sylvain. "Applications des matériaux à bande interdite photonique à la réduction de la S. E. R. D'un réseau d'antennes". Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10155.
Ricouvier, Joshua. "Matériaux photoniques auto-assemblés". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLET036.
Materials with a complete photonic bandgap have various promising applications for industry (loss-less wave guides, perfect reflectors, ultra robust dyes…) but are unfortunately difficult to fabricate. During the last few years, it has been discovered that self-assembled materials might also exhibit large complete photonic bandgap.Two approaches have been elaborated in order to determine their structure. The first one is to arrange building blocks in a well controlled manner. These clusters of droplets are fabricated in a microfluidic device. A second important part of my research investigates disordered droplet assemblies. Using these bidisperse assemblies, I create hyperuniform structures with vanishing long range density fluctuations. These systems possess properties of crystals, such as long-range order, in addition to characteristics of disordered systems such as a statistically isotropic structure. I create jammed assemblies directly in a microfluidic chip and simulate electromagnetic wave propagation inside the obtained material. It appears that varying certain conditions (deformability, bidispersity), self-assembled systems can be optimized to become highly transparent. Moreover, in the dry foam limit, this material exhibits a complete photonic bandgap after few optimizations.I have also carried out research on various droplet generation devices. This allows me to explore transitions between various hydrodynamical regimes of droplet formation
Strupiechonski, Élodie. "Confinement photonique extrêmement sub-longueur d'onde pour les lasers à cascade quantique térahertz". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00943200.
Merle, Yannick. "Etude de la dispersion électromagnétique dans les matériaux diélectriques bidimensionnels". Limoges, 2003. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/f7c1a93d-6092-4edc-9dfe-8569aa168a82/blobholder:0/2003LIMO0045.pdf.
Since two decades, the Photonic Band Gap materials (periodic arrangement of metallic or dielectric structure) have been the subject of many studies. The so called materials have the property of forbidding the propagation of electromagnetic waves in a certain frequency bandwidth. They can also be used to carry out a spatial filtering as well. This dissertation presents a study of two dimensions infinite Photonic Band Gap material. They allow the calculation of dispersion contour giving access to the various directions which the wave vector can take into the material. Then, we have presented an interpretation of the dispersive properties of periodic materials. That made it possible to present the conditions of resonance of the photonic structures. Thanks to the resonance conditions, the phase velocity and the transmission factor, it is shown why at certain frequencies the material is totally transparent while in other frequencies it reflects the waves
Thévenot, Marc. "Analyse comportementale et conception des matériaux diélectriques à Bande Interdite Photonique : Application à l'étude et à la conception de nouveaux types d'antennes". Limoges, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIMO0014.
Elbaz, Anas. "Sources laser compatibles silicium à base de Ge et GeSn à bande interdite directe". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS077/document.
Silicon photonics is experiencing a very important development. The laser source integration is a very important issue in silicon photonics. Currently, these sources are obtained with type III-V semiconductors on GaAs or InP substrates. Their integration in a silicon industry is delicate and above all does not allow to take full advantage of a CMOS environment.The integration of a monolithically optical source represents an important challenge. The elements of column IV (Si, Ge) are indirect bandgap semiconductors, with low radiative recombination efficiency, and therefore are not good candidates. However, a paradigm shift is underway with the recent demonstration that it was possible to manipulate the band structure of germanium-based semiconductors to direct bandgap, i.e. transform them into efficient transmitters. This engineering can be achieved either by using external tensors such as silicon nitride or by making alloys with tin (GeSn), or by combining both. This thesis deals with the study of these direct bandgap semiconductors. The goal will be to demonstrate a laser with this new type of materials
Pincemin, François. "Etude de la propagation du rayonnement électromagnétique dans les milieux hétérogènes". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ECAP0404.
Boisbouvier, Nicolas. "Application des matériaux à Bande Interdite Photonique (BIP) pour la conception d'antennes et dispositifs associés destinés aux réseaux domestiques sans fils". Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10164.
Baz, Assaad. "Modélisation et réalisation de fibres à bandes interdites photoniques pour la génération et le transport des faisceaux laser puissants". Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10100/document.
These works concern the design and realization of micro-structured optical fibers, in particular, large mode area, active and passive, photonic bandgap fibers for high power laser beams generation and delivery. The first part of the work focused on the study of a new geometry of micro-structured fiber - so called "pixilated Bragg fiber" - in order to obtain a large, practically singlemode, core. For that geometry, the fiber is made singlemoded by optimizing the distances between the high index rings (Half wave stack condition). A first realization allowed to report a mode field diameter of 26μm measured at 1400nm wavelength in a passive fiber. The second aspect of this work included theoretical and experimental studies, of photonic bandgap fibers having a hetero-structured cladding. Specially designed resonators are added to the cladding of these fibers in order to eliminate higher order modes. Thus, 19μm to 65μm mode field diameters have been obtained in a singlemode regime at 1050nm wavelength for several passive fibers used in different bandgaps. An active fiber with hetero-structured cladding was also presented: the core was made of pure silica, ytterbium doped, synthesized using the Sol-Gel technique. The realized fiber allowed the observation of a laser emission with an efficiency of 62.5% and a mode field diameter of 36μm
Férachou, Denis. "Application des fibres creuses à cristal photonique pour la réalisation de résonateurs micro-ondes et de guides d’onde térahertz". Limoges, 2012. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/6c8250cd-a5a5-4db6-bc7c-1c9ffc8bbfbf/blobholder:0/2012LIMO4042.pdf.
The domain terahertz (THz) is a little studied frequency range. The difficulty to generate and detect in this domain has long prevented its development compared to the optical domain (> 100 THz) and microwaves (<100 GHz). The study proposed in this thesis concerns the terahertz waveguides based on structural adaptation of hollow core optical fibers composed of a photonic crystal. The low losses it is possible to achieve with this kind of optical fibers have been demonstrated. The interest of this adaptation is to find the same advantages of such structures in THz. An introductive chapter provides more detail on the THz domain and the constraints of this area. A state of the art of THz waveguides and the THz time domain spectroscopy setup developed for the study of waveguides are presented. The second chapter is devoted to models developed to explain the optical confinement in fibers based on photonic crystals and the adaptation of these crystals to microwave and THz domains. The last chapter deals with the optimization and realization of microwave resonators and waveguides THz based on adapted photonic bandgap crystals
Kékesi, Renata. "Experimental study of 3D magneto-photonic crystals made of silica inverse opals doped by magnetic nanoparticles". Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STET4014/document.
For telecommunication systems the isolator is the only element, which has not been integrated yet, because of the high temperature (~700 °C) annealing process which is required for the crystallization of magnetic materials. Due to the non-reciprocal behavior of the magneto-optical effects, this device assures that the transmitted light passes in one direction, but it blocks the backward propagation into the laser and avoids damage risk or instabilities. To overcome this compatibility problem and increase the magneto-optical effect, a composite material arranged as 3D photonic crystal has been elaborated by impregnating polystyrene direct opals with magnetic nanoparticles(CoFe2O4) doped metallic precursor solution using low temperature sol-gel process. Firstly, we have shown by calculation, that the use of a dilute magnetic material with a relatively low refractive index in a 1D photonic crystal can increase the merit factor compared to a single magnetic monolayer. To obtain a sufficient Faraday rotation, the volume fiaction of magnetic nanoparticles had to be increased. We managed to reach 40%, whereas this rate was only a few percent at the beginning of this work. The main result of this thesis is that the Faraday rotation of the realized magneto-photonic crystals showed an enhancement at the edges of the photonic band gap comparing to the single monolayer
Kékesi, Renata. "Étude expérimentale de cristaux magnéto-photoniques 3D réalisés sous forme d'opales inversés par une matrice de silice dopée en nanoparticules magnétiques". Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00700481.
Baskiotis, Catherine. "Modélisations, réalisations et évaluations de fibres de Bragg à grande aire effective". Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10192/document.
Forty years after their first theoretical proposal, Bragg fibers are still in their infancy. Indeed, Bragg fibers are based on more complex theoretical concepts than conventional optical fibers and are more difficult to realize. Their potential due to their particular guiding mechanism (known as photonic bandgap) remains still largely unexplored. This study analyzes the performances of Bragg fibers for high-power delivery. For this application, the target is to design a fiber that reaches the largest possible Effective Area for the fundamental core-mode, while ensuring a single-moded output beam. The study was performed theoretically, analytically, numerically as well as experimentally. An analytical model for predicting the properties of Bragg fibers with large Effective Area and low-index contrast when they are no subjected to any perturbations has been first developed. Then, the case of the application of macro-bendings on the Bragg fiber has been studied numerically. Finally, the behavior of Bragg fiber in the presence of micro-bending has been experimentally investigated. Bragg fibers are compared to the simplest fiber profile that may exist: step index profile. The numerical results show better performances in the case of Bragg fibers when they are free from any perturbations or subjected to macro-bending. First results indicate that the sensitivities to micro-bending of the two types of fiber are comparable
Haddadi, Samir. "Étude du diagramme d’émission et du couplage inter-cavité dans les molécules à cristaux photoniques". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112091.
Photonic crystal (PhC) nanocavities have been intensively investigated during the last decade due to their capabilities of achieving tight light confinement and low optical losses simultaneously. Among the different geometries, the cavity proposed by Noda et al., namely a L3 cavity (three holes missing in the K direction of the underlying triangular lattice) with shifted end-holes has been widely used in several applications including laser emission and switching devices. However, input/output free space light coupling of such nanocavities is quite challenging. In this regard, near field coupling schemes have been recently developed, such as evanescent coupling using tapered optical fibers. In order to overcome the poor free space coupling, a new cavity design has been recently proposed by De Rossi et al. that totally changes the radiation pattern. This is based on a band folding approach introducing a modulation of the holes size at twice the period of the underlying PhC, which considerably increases the coupling efficiency in the vertical direction. While some measurements of the Q-factor and coupling efficiency were performed, no direct characterization of the far-field of such cavities has been performed so far. In this work we have studied different types of L3 photonic crystal cavities and L3 photonic molecules with optimized far-field profiles. Radiation patterns from « folded » and « unfolded » cavities incorporated in suspended InP active membranes were systematically measured and compared. Good agreement between simulations and experimental far-field patterns has been found, demonstrating highly directional emission lobes along the sample normal. Furthermore, free space input coupling experiments have been performed showing coupling efficiency of about 15% of contrast with quality factors exceeding 10 000. These results validate the « folded » L3 cavities as good candidates for small volume and high Q cavities with efficient free space coupling, either in single or coupled cavity configurations. We also experimentally show that the mode splitting in two-evanescently coupled Photonic Crystal L3 cavities can be controlled through photonic barrier engineering. The « potential barrier » is formed by the air-holes in between the two cavities. By changing the hole radius of the central row in the barrier up to ∼ 30% or down to ∼ −30% , the frequency splitting can be strongly increased or reduced. Moreover, the sign of the splitting can be reversed in such a way that the fundamental mode can be either the symmetric or the anti-symmetric one without altering neither the cavity geometry nor the inter-cavity distance
Danglot, Jérôme Lippens Didier Vanbésien Olivier. "Dispositifs microondes et optiques à base de matériaux à gaps de photon". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://www.univ-lille1.fr/bustl-grisemine/pdf/extheses/50376-2001-113-114.pdf.
Danglot, Jérôme. "Dispositifs microondes et optiques à base de matériaux à gaps de photon". Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-113-114.pdf.
Bidou, David. "Contribution à l'étude d'antennes fort gain : Applications dans le domaine millimétrique". Limoges, 2003. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/2dd6d0ed-de6b-45c5-9621-69d213177779/blobholder:0/2003LIMO0006.pdf.
This report is dedicated to the design of several types of high gain antennas in the millimetre-length domain and more exactly near 40 GHz. Moreover, these antennas can have a broad bandwidth when applications are bound to criteria of high speed data rate. They also have to be cheap and not cumbersome for mass media production. The first detailed application is a square patch (fed and the corner) printed array antenna. It allows to obtain a high gain on a narrow frequency band and two particular radiation patterns (by feeding two sub-arrays in phase or in opposition phase through a hybrid ring, which have led to studies and realization). A feasibility study of the same system in a photonic band gap planar antenna version shows convincing results. Afterward, within the framework of an European project, high gain and broadband sytems are adapted or designed for mass media applications (L. M. D. S. ). Requiring high speed data rate (interactive digital television, high speed data rate Internet). Associations of antennas bring to answer these criteria simultaneously. So, an existing system consisted of a dielectric lens antennas lens excited by a patch array antenna is adapted to our requirements. Then, the design and the experimental validation of a dielectric PBG planar antenna lead to a new association with the lens antenna. The technological aspects met with the realizations in the millimetre-length band were described for each antenna. The theoretical dimensioning of the presented structures was realised with a calculation code using the Finite Difference in Temporal Domain method (F. D. T. D. )
Hernandez, Stephan. "Conception, réalisation et caractérisation de filtres optiques nanostructurés à bande étroite pour applications spatiales à 0. 85 µm". Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/368/.
New concepts in nanophonotonics and progress in microelectronic fabrication processes should lead to a new generation of optical components. The goal of this thesis is to propose such innovative optical filters for space application for 0. 85 µm wavelengths in order to overstep the usual filters limitations, particularly in term of bandwidth, polarization sensibility, oblique incidence and tunability. This PhD project is about conception, fabrication and characterization of resonant grating filters, composed by a dielectric multilayer and a bi-dimensional nanostructuration on the top. From the electromagnetic modeling of the devices, a conception methodology is developed leading to the parameters of the photonic lattice. A fabrication process including steps of thin film deposition, e-beam lithography and dry etching is developed. Thickness of the deposited layers and lattice parameters are controlled within nanometer precision. The optical characterization of the fabricated devices demonstrates state of art performances for normal incidence (bandwidth of 0. 4 nm, reflexion higher than 55%. . . ) and for oblique incidence at ~60° (bandwidth <0. 8 nm, polarization independence, tunability. . . ). These results fit well with the performances predicted by the theoretical studies. The generic aspect of the realization process and the achieved performances show that these components are good candidates to replace conventional multi-layer filters. Moreover, their fabrication processes compatibility with those from microelectronics opens the way to further integration of these filters on chips with other advanced functions, leading to new complex optical devices
THOMAS, Benjamin. "Effets propagatifs d'impulsions lumineuses femtosecondes dans des tunnels optiques". Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003643.
La première partie est consacrée aux opales : empilements réguliers de sphères de silice submicrométriques. Chaque phase de l'élaboration est en revue. Une description théorique des propriétés des cristaux photoniques est faite pour plusieurs structures. On en déduit que les opales n'ont pas de BIP mais une "stop-band" inhibant la transmission des photons dont la bande d'énergies dépend de la direction. Les caractéristiques structurelles, mises en relation avec les propriétés spectrales, sont abordées par des méthodes microscopiques et optiques. Un dispositif de temps de vol a été réalisé pour déterminer les propriétés propagatives d'opales sondées par un continuum en utilisant un fenêtrage temporel par absorption à deux photons dans du ZnS. Après des corrections en fréquence et en temps, on dispose du profil spectral de vitesse de groupe. Celui-ci est expliqué par un modèle basé sur la relation de Kramers-Krönig. Cela permet de décrire la "stop-band" comme un système à "deux niveaux photoniques".
La dernière partie est dédiée à l'étude de la transposition en optique d'un nouvel effet prédit dans les conditions de l'effet tunnel : "l'évaporation quantique". Il se manifeste par l'augmentation drastique de la transmission d'un paquet d'onde. Il se produit en transférant à l'instant de la réflexion une petite quantité de mouvement au paquet d'onde. Un bi-prisme en réflexion totale séparé par une lame d'air est employé pour reproduire les conditions de cet effet. On utilise une technique pompe-sonde qui simule le transfert de moment par effet Kerr. Après analyse des effets en compétition avec l'évaporation quantique, nous observons des signaux qui, une fois traités selon des critères précis, ont les caractéristiques de l'effet recherché. Ceci constitue une présomption de la première observation en optique de ce nouvel effet.
Baz, Assaad. "Modélisation et réalisation de fibres à bandes interdites photoniques pour la génération et le transport des faisceaux laser puissants". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10100.
These works concern the design and realization of micro-structured optical fibers, in particular, large mode area, active and passive, photonic bandgap fibers for high power laser beams generation and delivery. The first part of the work focused on the study of a new geometry of micro-structured fiber - so called "pixilated Bragg fiber" - in order to obtain a large, practically singlemode, core. For that geometry, the fiber is made singlemoded by optimizing the distances between the high index rings (Half wave stack condition). A first realization allowed to report a mode field diameter of 26μm measured at 1400nm wavelength in a passive fiber. The second aspect of this work included theoretical and experimental studies, of photonic bandgap fibers having a hetero-structured cladding. Specially designed resonators are added to the cladding of these fibers in order to eliminate higher order modes. Thus, 19μm to 65μm mode field diameters have been obtained in a singlemode regime at 1050nm wavelength for several passive fibers used in different bandgaps. An active fiber with hetero-structured cladding was also presented: the core was made of pure silica, ytterbium doped, synthesized using the Sol-Gel technique. The realized fiber allowed the observation of a laser emission with an efficiency of 62.5% and a mode field diameter of 36μm
Vanvincq, Olivier. "Etude théorique des propriétés optiques linéaires et non-linéaires des fibres à bandes interdites photoniques à coeur solide". Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00880192.
Jacopin, Gwenolé. "Nanofils de semiconducteurs à grande énergie de bande interdite pour des applications optoélectroniques". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00746091.
Ravaille, Alexia. "Gyromètre optique basé sur une cavité résonante passive en fibre à cœur creux". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS411/document.
In this manuscript, we report the theoretical and experimental developments at TRT, TAV and LAC, aiming the realization of a hollow-core passive resonant fiber optical gyroscope that can achieve navigation grade performances. We mathematically describe the Sagnac effect, which is a relativistic effect used to optically probe mechanical rotations. Then, we detail the state of the art in passive resonant fiber optical gyroscope development. We identify their limitations, and explain why the hollow core fiber seems to be the best solution to cope with the actual limitations of such gyroscopes. We then focus on two different types of hollow core fibers: Kagome and photonic bandgap. We evaluate their performances in terms of transmission, polarization holding and backscattering. We describe the first measurement of a lock in region in a hollow core fiber passive optical gyroscope, i.e the range of rotation rates that cannot be measured because of backscattering. A mathematical model is propounded to link the lock in to the backscattering of the cavity. We then discuss the experimental protocol that we implemented to circumvent this limitation. Finally, we characterize the performances of our gyroscope based on these features
Billet, C. "Génération de similaritons optiques dans des amplificateurs à fibres dopées erbium". Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00373730.
Kouadio, Fiény Jean-Paterne. "Conception et simulation à 115,3 GHz d'un microcapteur composé d'une antenne en V couplée à un filtre sélectif à bande interdite photonique chargé par un bolomètre. Potentialités pour la détection de COV dans le THz". Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN2019.
Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere have a detrimental effect on human health and the environment. In response to the potential risk posed by these compounds, standards for air quality have been defined but their application requires the implementation of efficient gas sensors capable of detecting VOCs in real time. In this context, a micro sensor using non-dispersive absorption spectroscopy in the THz range has been under study for about a decade in the Electronics unit of GREYC. It consists of a V-antenna, a Photonic Band Gap (PBG) selective filter and a micro bolometer. This thesis has created the opportunity to design a first working prototype operating at a frequency below that within the THz range and with the goal of resolving the constraints due to losses. Its specification has resulted in the design of a micro sensor for real-time detection ( ) of a line of Carbon monoxide (CO) at 115. 3 GHz with a concentration of at least = 10 (official standard) and a quality factor of at least. The results of this thesis are very successful because they lead to the design of a simulated micro sensor with a center frequency close to 115. 3 GHz, a quality factor and an acquisition time, including losses, of. The potential of this prototype is analyzed at the end of the manuscript and improvements concerning implementation in the THz domain are proposed
Besancon, Claire. "Intégration hybride de sources laser III-V sur Si par collage direct et recroissance pour les télécommunications à haut débit". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALT044.
This thesis focuses on the integration of III-V semiconductors on silicon. The objective is to process multi-wavelength laser sources emitting in the C-band for optical telecommunications. The process is based on the regrowth of a thick III-V structure on a thin InP layer bonded onto an oxidized silicon wafer (InP-SiO2/Si = InPoSi).In order to study the bonding process compatibility with high temperature annealing, around 600°C, required for MOVPE growth, a study of the thermal stability behavior of InPoSi substrate was carried out. The latter showed InPoSi delamination with "bubble" appearance due to the debonding of the InP layer caused by hydrogen desorption at 400°C. A study of the hydrogen lateral diffusion along the bonding interface enabled the assessment of a diffusion length of 100 µm. The development of outgassing trenches spaced 200 µm apart has permitted to obtain III-V material of high-quality regrown onto InPoSi without emergence of any void defect between the trenches.Then, the constant improvement of the preparation steps of the surfaces to be bonded enabled to obtain optimal material quality of InPoSi for regrowth at high temperature without the use of any outgassing method. The study of an active structure composed of AlGaInAs-based multi-quantum wells (MQWs) was carried out during growth on InPoSi. A thermal strain of 390 ppm was assessed at growth temperature thanks to real-time curvature measurement. The latter is due to the difference of thermal coefficients between InP and Si. Despite this thermal strain, the regrowth of a 3 µm-thick laser structure of high crystal quality was successfully obtained on InPoSi. Based on this structure, broad-area lasers were processed and their performance was compared to the ones obtained with the same component made on InP substrate as a reference. Threshold current densities as low as 0.4 kA/cm² at 20°C in pulse regime were obtained on InPoSi. The laser comparison on InPoSi and InP showed that threshold currents, laser efficiency and characteristic temperatures were similar. This result demonstrates that the thick structure grown on InPoSi does not suffer from material degradation.Finally, a new selective area growth (SAG) process was specifically developed on InPoSi. To do so, the silica from InPoSi was locally digged out by the etching of the InP layer in order to open the variable-sized dielectric surfaces for the SAG process. The thickness variation of the quantum wells obtained by SAG with the masks’ dimensions has enabled to obtain a very large photoluminescence wavelength extension, from 1490 to 1650 nm. Shallow-ridge Fabry-Pérot laser arrays were processed using SAG, and laser emissions covering a 155 nm-wide spectral range were successfully obtained. Threshold currents below 30 mA were obtained at 20°C under continuous-wave operation for 500 µm-long bars. At 70°C, threshold currents remain below 60 mA, which shows the high thermal stability of the lasers. Altogether, these results validate the III-V integration process on silicon
Cassagne, David. "Matériaux à bandes interdites photoniques". Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20053.
Fu, Xinghai. "Endommagement laser en régime nanoseconde dans les couches minces de mixtures d'oxydes métalliques et dans les composants microstructurés". Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00942171.
Peyrade, David. "Etude et réalisation de nanostructures photoniques en géométrie planaire : cristaux photoniques et résonateurs Fabry-Pérot". Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20056.
Yerville, Marine Le Vassor d'. "Modélisation de cristaux photoniques bidimensionnels de hauteur finie". Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20057.
Jacquin, Olivier. "Étude de structures a bandes interdites photoniques unidimensionnelles". Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPG0142.
El, Gibari Mohammed. "Conception optique et hyperfréquence d'un modulateur électro-optique sur polymère : optimisation de transitions ultra-large bande pour l'électrode de commande". Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00751910.
Boutayeb, Halim. "ÉTUDE DES STRUCTURES PÉRIODIQUES PLANAIRES ET CONFORMES ASSOCIÉES AUX ANTENNES. APPLICATION AUX COMMUNICATIONS MOBILES". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00133820.
Manzanares, Martinez Jesús. "Modélisation de cristaux photoniques à base d'opales". Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20067.
Antoni, Thomas. "Structures de couplage optique originales pour les détecteurs infrarouge à puits quantiques". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441495.