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Meyer-Sahling, Jan-Hinrik, i Fanni Toth. "Governing Illiberal Democracies: Democratic Backsliding and the Political Appointment of Top Officials in Hungary". NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy 13, nr 2 (1.12.2020): 93–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nispa-2020-0016.
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AbstractThis paper examines the impact of democratic backsliding on the management of top officials in Hungary. Based on a unique data set of more than 1,600 top officials the article shows that the number of appointments to top positions increased in 2010 and subsequent years, during which Hungary experienced democratic back-sliding. Moreover, the data shows that turnover in top official positions was higher in 2010 and in subsequent years than in the period between 1990 and 2010. The paper concludes that the politicisation and high degree of instability in top official positions may be characteristic of governance in illiberal democracies.
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Zhang, Fuqing, i Yonghui Weng. "Predicting Hurricane Intensity and Associated Hazards: A Five-Year Real-Time Forecast Experiment with Assimilation of Airborne Doppler Radar Observations". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 96, nr 1 (1.01.2015): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-13-00231.1.
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Abstract Performance in the prediction of hurricane intensity and associated hazards has been evaluated for a newly developed convection-permitting forecast system that uses ensemble data assimilation techniques to ingest high-resolution airborne radar observations from the inner core. This system performed well for three of the ten costliest Atlantic hurricanes: Ike (2008), Irene (2011), and Sandy (2012). Four to five days before these storms made landfall, the system produced good deterministic and probabilistic forecasts of not only track and intensity, but also of the spatial distributions of surface wind and rainfall. Averaged over all 102 applicable cases that have inner-core airborne Doppler radar observations during 2008–2012, the system reduced the day-2-to-day-4 intensity forecast errors by 25%–28% compared to the corresponding National Hurricane Center’s official forecasts (which have seen little or no decrease in intensity forecast errors over the past two decades). Empowered by sufficient computing resources, advances in both deterministic and probabilistic hurricane prediction will enable emergency management officials, the private sector, and the general public to make more informed decisions that minimize the losses of life and property.
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Kurniawan, Basuki, i Sholikul Hadi. "KEPATUHAN PEJABAT TATA USAHA NEGARA TERHADAP PUTUSAN PENGADILAN TATA USAHA NEGARA BERDASARKAN ASAS-ASAS PEMERINTAHAN YANG BAIK". Ijlil 1, nr 2 (7.02.2021): 149–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.35719/ijl.v1i2.96.
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The main problems to be studied are: (1) how the legal obedience of administrative officials carry out the verdict of administrative court based on good government principles?; (2) Is the arrangement about the obedience of administrative officials already appropriate with good government principles? The method of study use is the juridical normative method. The Approaching of problems use statute approach, conseptual approach, and case approach. Research data source is taken from primary and secondary legal materials. The collected data is qualitatively analyzed by a normative juridical approach.
The result of this research are : first, the legal obedience of administration officials is to be consistent do the verdict of administrative court in the framework of implementation good good government principles. The obedience based on legal awareness. Legal awareness and legal obedience very needed for law enforcement in Indonesia. Awareness and legal obedience very needed by every person, in the same manner as the purpose of law. The administrative officials as people which have positions needed to be stressed for being obedience the verdict of administrative court based on good government principles and alse as example to other people. Second, based on article 116 Law Number 5 Year 1986 about Administration Court cpuld be understood that the arrangement obedience the administrative officials not appropriate with good government principles.
Based on the research result is recommended, that first, the Administration court based on Law Number 5 Year in the essence is good enough. The obedience of administrative officials still less make the verdict of administration court no run well, so needed to make birocration reformation especially to the interpretation of the legal awareness or increasing awareness from government to all administrative officials as formed the respect existence to the body of government; second, Inobedience the administrative court to the verdict of administration court could be categorize criminal. Third, for the verdict of administration court be able to be done well by administrative officials, so needed control body, although internal and external, hereby the duty of Obudsman National Commision very importence to give attention to the administrative official to do the verdict of administration court.
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Rosack, Jim. "Health Officials Bringing Alzheimer’s Care Back Home". Psychiatric News 36, nr 17 (7.09.2001): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/pn.36.17.0006.
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Taufik, Kemal, i Adrian Dhika. "PERANAN KESEJAHTERAAN DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT. BANK RAKYAT INDONESIA TBK CABANG PONDOK GEDE". Aliansi : Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis 15, nr 1 (6.10.2020): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.46975/aliansi.v15i1.53.
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The important employee welfare defend employee so that doesn't move to company other, freshment gift manner to officials with appropriate work environment situation and resort condition. supposed good work environment can spur on tall official performance. This problem formulation : 1) What found welfare part towards employee performance in PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia Tbk Cabang Pondok Gede?; 2) What found work environment part towards employee performance in PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia Tbk Cabang Pondok Gede?; 3) What found welfare part and work environment according to together towards employee performance in PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia Tbk Cabang Pondok Gede? This watchfulness aim : 1) To detect welfare part magnitude towards employee performance in PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia Tbk Cabang Pondok Gede. 2) To detect work environment part magnitude towards employee performance in PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia Tbk Cabang Pondok Gede. 3) To detect welfare part magnitude and work environment according to together towards employee performance in PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia Tbk Cabang Pondok Gede. Conclusion : 1) Found connection significant welfare towards employee performance in PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia Tbk Cabang Pondok Gede, with indicator-indicator well-being guarantee, work arrangement, placidity guarantee, organization progress, creat work environment, complete work facilities, well-being facilities, official library, official education, official house, matter need, official hope, pension, official work quality and economy security. 2) Found connection significant work environment towards employee performance in PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia Tbk Cabang Pondok Gede, with indicator-indicator work smoothness, light, temperature at work, draught, cool taste, planology, temperature, voice, illumination, noise, illumination enough, illumination less, air transfer enough, air transfer can refresh physical and calm work environment. 3) Found positive connection and significant welfare and environment work according to together towards employee performance in PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia Tbk Cabang Pondok Gede, with indicator-indicator education, practice, nutrient and well-being, income, self development, management, government wisdom, official fellow connection, connection with pmpinan, supervision connection, supervise, official know-how, working procedure, increase connection and incentive system.
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Suredja, Sheila Erika, i Suparjo . "PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PEJABAT PEMBUAT AKTA TANAH DALAM PEMBUATAN AKTA JUAL BELI TERKAIT ADANYA SERTIFIKAT PALSU (STUDI PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH AGUNG NOMOR 2046 K/PDT/2018)". PALAR | PAKUAN LAW REVIEW 8, nr 1 (1.01.2022): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33751/palar.v8i1.4589.
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AbstractLand Deed Making Officials as public officials have a role in land registration and also carry out the function of creating perfect evidence. In making an authentic deed, it is necessary to practice the principles of prudence and accuracy to prevent legal defects, both formally and materially. Land may be subject to administrative sanctions in the form of a written warning or dismissal and civil sanctions in the form of compensation to the party who feels aggrieved. Keywords: Land Deed Official, Certificate, Counterfeiting, Deed, Sale and Purchase, Sanctions AbstrakPejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah sebagai pejabat umum memiliki peran dalam pendaftaran tanah dan juga menjalankan fungsi untuk menciptakan alat pembuktian yang sempurna. Dalam pembuatan suatu akta otentik perlu dipraktekkan prinsip-prinsip kehati-hatian dan kecermatan untuk mencegah terjadiya cacat hukum baik secara formil maupun materil.. Dalam praktek, apabila ditemukan bahwa terdapat pelanggaran prosedur pembuatan akta otentik yang dilakukan oleh Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah maka Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah dapat dijatuhkan sanksi baik secara administratif berupa teguran tertulis maupun sanksi pemberhentian dan sanksi keperdataan berupa ganti rugi kepada Pihak yang merasa dirugikan. Kata Kunci: Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah, Sertifikat, Pemalsuan, Akta, Jual Beli, Sanksi.
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Stokhof, Malte, i Oscar Salemink. "State Classification and Its Discontents: The Struggle Over Bawean Ethnic Identity in Vietnam". Journal of Vietnamese Studies 4, nr 2 (2009): 154–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/vs.2009.4.2.154.
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This paper presents a group of Muslim descendants of Bawean people living in Hồ Chí Minh City who formalized their citizenship status and as a consequence their official ethnic identity. Much current scholarly literature presents state classification as a state's hegemonic instrument, as an instrument of state power alone. This case study balances the widespread view of the contemporary Vietnamese state as classifying the "motley crowds" within its boundaries, showing that the state leaves room for "indiscipline." Rather than denying their agency in terms of ethnic identification, sympathetic local officials helped these people of Bawean origin to "classify back."
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Cao, Chunfang, Yizhe Dong, Wenxuan Hou, Yue Liu i Xianhang Qian. "Provincial official turnover and bank loans". Pacific-Basin Finance Journal 57 (październik 2019): 101202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2019.101202.
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Hocker, James E., Andrea D. Melvin, Kevin A. Kloesel, Christopher A. Fiebrich, Robert W. Hill, Richard D. Smith i Steven F. Piltz. "The Evolution and Impact of a Meteorological Outreach Program for Public Safety Officials: An Update on the Oklahoma Mesonet’s OK-First Program". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 99, nr 10 (październik 2018): 2009–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-17-0100.1.
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AbstractSince 1997, the Oklahoma Mesonet (the state’s automated mesoscale weather station network) has served a community of more than 1,400 public safety officials (emergency managers, fire officials, law enforcement, etc.) across Oklahoma through a weather data and training program called Oklahoma’s First-Response Information Resource System using Telecommunications (OK-First). OK-First provides free weather and radar data interpretation classes to eligible public safety officials and, following successful completion of training, password-protected access to weather data tools including a website and software. The objective of OK-First when it began was to fill significant gaps in weather product training and data access for Oklahoma’s public safety community. Though the core mission remains the same 20 years later, many aspects of OK-First have evolved over time, including participant membership, training curriculum, formats of training, training requirements, website and software technology, and program feedback. The purpose of this paper is to provide an update on the Mesonet’s OK-First program, with a particular focus on training, tools, and the impact it has had on the public safety community.
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Hidayaturrahman, Mohammad, i Ahmad Hasan Ubaid. "Peran Pendidikan Politik Dalam Meningkatkan Partisipasi Politik Bagi Warga Kepulauan Madura". Sasambo: Jurnal Abdimas (Journal of Community Service) 4, nr 3 (5.08.2022): 322–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36312/sasambo.v4i3.745.
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Pengabdian ini dilakukan untuk memberi solusi alternatif dari persoalan yang dihadapi oleh warga Kepulauan Madura, yaitu minimnya kesadaran terhadap hak-hak politik dan pembangunan. Pengabdian ini dilakukan dengan metode dialog, yaitu pengabdi melakukan kegiatan bersama sasaran, yang dilakukan secara berkala selama tahun 2022, baik secara daring maupun secara luring. Daring dilakukan, untuk mengefektifkan jarak lokasi sasaran yang berada di wilayah kepulauan, sementara pengabdi tinggal di daratan. Namun untuk memantapkan kegiatan, pertemuan secara luring juga tetap dilakukan. Sasaran merasa sangat terbantu dengan kegiatan yang dilakukan, terutama dengan kehadiran pengabdi ke lokasi tempat sasaran berada. Pengabdi menemukan, selama ini warga kepulauan tidak memiliki akses untuk berpartisiasi dalam mengawal kebijakan politik yang dibuat oleh pejabat publik. Setelah dijelaskan bahwah era teknologi informasi memudahkan bagi warga untuk terlibat di dalam mengawal kebijakan, baik melalui call center, akun resmi yang dimiliki oleh Lembaga pemerintah, dan pejabat publik. Termasuk berkirim surat secara resmi ke lembaga dan pejabat publik. Diperlukan Pendidikan politik yang lebih intensif oleh pemerintah, partai politik, dan kelompok civil society kepada warga Kepulaun Madura. The Role of Political Education in Increasing Political Participation for the Residents of the Madura Islands This devotion is carried out to provide alternative solutions to the problems faced by the residents of the Madura Islands, that is the lack of awareness of political rights and development. This devotion is carried out using the dialogue method, in which the servant carries out activities with the target, which is carried out periodically during 2022, both online and offline. Online is carried out, to make the distance of the target location effective in the archipelago, while the servant lives on the mainland. However, to strengthen activities, offline meetings are still being held. The target feels very helpful with the activities carried out, especially with the presence of a servant at the location where the target is located. I have found that all this time the islanders do not have access to participate in overseeing the political policies made by public officials. After being explained, the era of information technology makes it easier for citizens to be involved in overseeing policies, either through the call centers, official accounts owned by government agencies, and public officials. This includes sending official letters to public institutions and officials. More intensive political education is needed by the government, political parties, and civil society groups for the residents of Madura Island.
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Butler, Declan. "Flu officials pull back from raising global alert level". Nature 436, nr 7047 (lipiec 2005): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/436006a.
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Fakih, M. Hufron, i '. Subekti. "PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM ATAS PENGUNGKAPAN IDENTITAS ANAK OLEH APARAT PENEGAK HUKUM". Recidive : Jurnal Hukum Pidana dan Penanggulangan Kejahatan 10, nr 2 (2.05.2021): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/recidive.v10i2.58873.
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<p><strong>Abstrak</strong><br />Penelitian ini bertujuan membahas pengungkapan identitas Anak yang dilakukan oleh aparat penegak hukum dan perlindungan secara hukum terhadap tindakan yang dilakukan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan normatif dengan sifat preskriptif. Pendekatan penelitian ini yaitu pedekatan perundangundangan dan konsepsual. Bahan hukum yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Teknik analisis data menggunakan logika deduktif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan dari bentuk pengungkapan identitas Anak yang dilakukan oleh aparat penegak hukum baik di sosial media atau di website aparat penegak hukum serta penegakan hukum atas pengungkapan identitas Anak oleh aparat penegak hukum yang belum dilakukan dalam praktik hukumnya, sehingga Anak tidak mendapat perlindungan.<br />Kata Kunci: Anak,Pengungkapan Identitas Anak, Aparat Penegak Hukum.</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><br />This research aimed to discuss the disclosure of children’s identity by law enforcement officials and law enforcement against the actions taken. The research method used is normative with prescriptive properties. This research approach is a statutory and conceptual approach. The legal materials used in this research are primary and secondary legal materials. The data analysis technique uses deductive logic. The results of this study indicate the form of disclosure of children’s identities carried out by law enforcement officials both on social media or on websites of law enforcement officials as well as law enforcement on disclosure of children’s identities by law enforcement officials that have not been carried out in legal practice, so that children are not protected.<br />Keywords: Children, Identity Disclosure Children, Law Enforcement Official.</p>
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Setiawan, Budiana. "NOMENKLATUR BIDANG KEBUDAYAAN DI PEMERINTAH PROVINSI: BERGABUNG DENGAN BIDANG PENDIDIKAN ATAU BIDANG PARIWISATA?" Kebudayaan 11, nr 1 (16.10.2018): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/jk.v11i1.22.
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AbstractCulture sector, which was transferred into the Ministry of Culture and Tourism since2001, was back to the Ministry of Education and Culture in October 2011. The changes oforganizational structure in ministerial level should be followed by changes of organizationalstructure in officials in provincial level. But in reality, the majority of provincial governmentsretain the culture sector together with tourism sector. This case provokes a question why thechange of organizational structure in the ministerial level is not followed by most of the officialsin provincial level. The method of this study is literature study of some articles and essays frombooks and internets, which contain history of culture sector in ministerial level, role of culturefor tourism, role of culture for education, as well as examples of official that manages culturesector in three provinces (West Kalimantan, West Sumatra, and Yogyakarta Special Region). Theresults shows that many officials merge culture sector together with tourism sector because themeaning of culture sector is considered to have a stronger synergy with tourism than education.The provincial government considers that culture sector needs to be empowered for the benefitof tourism sector. Conversely, tourism development will strengthen people’s culture in theirprovinces. Culture-based tourism development will also increase local income for the province AbstrakBidang kebudayaan yang sejak tahun 2001 bergabung dalam Kementerian Kebudayaandan Pariwisata, mulai Oktober 2011 beralih kembali ke Kementerian Pendidikan danKebudayaan. Perubahan struktur organisasi di tingkat kementerian tersebut semestinya diikutidengan perubahan struktur organisasi kedinasan di tingkat pemerintahan provinsi. Namundalam kenyataannya sebagian besar dinas di tingkat provinsi tetap mempertahankan bidangkebudayaan disatukan dengan bidang pariwisata. Hal ini menimbulkan pertanyaan, mengapaperubahan struktur organisasi di tingkat kementerian tersebut tidak diikuti oleh sebagian besardinas di tingkat provinsi? Metode yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah dengan melakukanstudi pustaka terhadap tulisan-tulisan dan laman-laman, yang memuat tentang sejarah bidangkebudayaan di tingkat kementerian, peran kebudayaan terhadap pariwista, peran kebudayaanterhadap pendidikan, serta contoh-contoh dinas yang menangani bidang kebudayaan di tigaprovinsi (Kalimantan Barat, Sumatera Barat, dan D.I. Yogyakarta). Hasil kajian menunjukkanbahwa hal tersebut disebabkan pemaknaan bidang kebudayaan yang dianggap lebih bersinergidengan pariwisata daripada pendidikan. Pemerintah provinsi memandang bidang kebudayaandapat diberdayakan untuk kepentingan bidang pariwisata. Sebaliknya, pengembangan pariwisataakan memperkokoh kebudayaan masyarakat di provinsi tersebut. Perkembangan pariwisatayang berbasis kebudayaan juga akan meningkatkan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) bagi provinsitersebut.
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Saputro, Aries. "Payment of Compensation for Officials Who Did Not Implement the Decision of the State Administrative Court". Yuridika 35, nr 2 (26.12.2019): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ydk.v35i2.15305.
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Unlawful Acts by the Agency and/or Government Official (onrechtmatige overheidsdaad) carried out in exercising their authority, which may result in the public, individuals and private legal entities to bring a civil suit to the District Court, to obtain compensation. Meanwhile, the public, individuals or legal entities may request an administrative claim for the issuance of a State Administration Decree by a Government Official to the State Administrative Court. The Court's Decision is a representation of legal considerations by the Judge which is recognized as "res judicata pro veritate habetur" which means that the judge's decision is considered to be correct and immediate. In the District Court District for Officers who do not implement the Decision, an execution will be carried out, if there is an execution from the court in this case, it is due to the trial that the implementation of the Decision is carried out in its leadership capacity in the PTUN Decision Domain, in the civil domain in the Court. If the Government Official sued loses, compensation must go through the Government Budget for the Community, Individuals and Legal Entities and vice versa. However, the Government Officials specifically against the PTUN Decision won back sometimes when they were not ready to implement the Court's Decision as it was done by force. Because the efforts carried out are contained within, as is the case, the decision cannot be carried out and handled by the law contained therein.
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Yunianingrum, Yunianingrum, i Lala M. Kolopaking. "Kemampuan Aparat Pemerintah Desa dan Efektivitas Pengelolaan Keuangan Desa". Jurnal Sains Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Masyarakat [JSKPM] 2, nr 4 (1.08.2018): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jskpm.2.4.495-508.
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The capability of rural government officials has an important role in the effectiveness of village financial management. This research’s objectives are to analyze the capability of rural government officials, to analyze the effectiveness of village financial management and to analyze the relationship between rural government officials' capability to the effectiveness of village financial management in two villages, Bringinwareng village and Guyangan village. The results show that there is a diversity of capabilities of rural government officials. Bringinwareng village (good financial management) has a good officials capability compared to Guyangan village (poor financial management) that has the capability of officials at a moderate level. The level of effectiveness of the financial management of Bringinwareng village is better because transparency, accountability, participation, and ratios of village financial effectiveness tend to be high. In contrast to Guyangan village which has moderate effectiveness due to low transparency, moderate accountability and participation, but has a high ratio of village financial effectiveness. Based on the results of research that has been tested statistically shows that there is a correlation between the capability of rural government officials with the effectiveness of village financial management, both in Bringinwareng village and Guyangan village.Keywords: rural government officials, capability, village financial management ABSTRAKKemampuan aparat pemerintah desa memiliki perananan penting dalam keefektifan pengelolaan keuangan desa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan aparat pemerintah desa, menganalisis keefektifan pengelolaan keuangan desa dan menganalisis hubungan kemampuan aparat pemerintah desa terhadap efektivitas pengelolaan keuangan desa di dua desa, yaitu Desa Bringinwareng dan Desa Guyangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada keragaman kemampuan aparat pemerintah desa. Desa Bringinwareng (pengelolaan keuangan baik) memiliki kemampuan aparat yang baik dibandingkan Desa Guyangan (pengelolaan keuangan kurang baik) yang memiliki kemampuan aparat pada tingkat sedang. Tingkat efektivitas pengelolaan keuangan Desa Bringinwareng lebih baik, karena transparansi, akuntabilitas, partisipatif, dan rasio efektivitas keuangan desa cenderung tinggi. Berbeda dengan Desa Guyangan yang memiliki efektivitas sedang karena transparansi yang rendah, akuntabilitas dan partisipatif yang sedang, tetapi memiliki rasio efektivitas keuangan desa yang tinggi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah diuji secara statistik menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara kemampuan aparat pemerintah dengan efektivitas pengelolaan keuangan desa, baik di Desa Bringinwareng maupun di Desa Guyangan.Kata kunci: aparat pemerintah desa, kemampuan, pengelolaan keuangan desa
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Lyons, Walter A., Eric C. Bruning, Tom A. Warner, Donald R. MacGorman, Samantha Edgington, Clemens Tillier i Janusz Mlynarczyk. "Megaflashes: Just How Long Can a Lightning Discharge Get?" Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 101, nr 1 (16.10.2019): E73—E86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-19-0033.1.
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Abstract The existence of mesoscale lightning discharges on the order of 100 km in length has been known since the radar-based findings of Ligda in the mid-1950s. However, it took the discovery of sprites in 1989 to direct significant attention to horizontally extensive “megaflashes” within mesoscale convective systems (MCSs). More recently, 3D Lightning Mapping Arrays (LMAs) have documented sprite-initiating lightning discharges traversing several hundred kilometers. One such event in a 2007 Oklahoma MCS having an LMA-derived length of 321 km, has been certified by the WMO as the longest officially documented lightning flash. The new Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) sensor on GOES-16/17 now provides an additional tool suited to investigating mesoscale lightning. On 22 October 2017, a quasi-linear convective system moved through the central United States. At 0513 UTC, the GLM indicated a lightning discharge originated in northern Texas, propagated north-northeast across Oklahoma, fortuitously traversed the Oklahoma LMA (OKLMA), and finally terminated in southeastern Kansas. This event is explored using the OKLMA, the National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN), and the GLM. The NLDN reported 17 positive cloud-to-ground flashes (+CGs), 23 negative CGs (−CGs), and 37 intracloud flashes (ICs) associated with this massive discharge, including two +CGs capable of inducing sprites, with others triggering upward lightning from tall towers. Combining all available data confirms the megaflash, which illuminated 67,845 km2, was at least 500 km long, greatly exceeding the current official record flash length. Yet even these values are being superseded as GLM data are further explored, revealing that such vast discharges may not be all that uncommon.
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Bräutigam, Deborah A., i Monique Segarra. "Difficult Partnerships: The World Bank, States, and NGOs". Latin American Politics and Society 49, nr 04 (2007): 149–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2007.tb00395.x.
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AbstractSince the early 1990s, World Bank officials in many countries have pressed their government borrowers to include nongovernmental organizations as development partners. What impact has this new partnership norm had in the bank's borrower countries, and why? This article investigates these questions through longitudinal analysis of three cases: Guatemala, Ecuador, and the Gambia. In their first iteration in the 1990s, these bank-sponsored efforts generally failed to take root; yet by the 2000s, NGOs and state actors were engaged in multiple partnerships. This article suggests that over time, bank officials' repeated efforts to embed these new ideas fostered a social learning process that led NGOs to adopt more strategic partnership practices and government officials to see NGO partners as useful. Several factors may affect this learning process: levels of professionalism and the growth of professional networks, the presence of effective “bridge builders,” and the level of historical conflicts.
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Dudley, Larkin, Kathryn E. Webb Farley i Noel Gniady Banford. "Looking Back to Look Forward: Federal Officials’ Perceptions of Public Engagement". Administration & Society 50, nr 5 (20.03.2018): 679–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095399718763162.
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The authors of the Refounding volumes raised concerns about citizen inclusion in agency decision making. We respond by studying public participation in federal decision making through 61 interviews with federal officials. We examine the interviewees’ candid perceptions of public engagement through three themes of the Refounding: the importance of deliberation, attention to whose words are heard, and facilitation of the processes of interaction. Our findings suggest that while agencies do work to engage the public, there are still many challenges to achieving meaningful public participation, which yields consequences for legitimacy and trust.
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Jones, William E. "Federal and Georgia State officials deserve a pat on the back". Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 16, nr 5 (maj 1996): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0737-0806(96)80108-0.
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Rahayu, Sri, Ndaru Satrio, Reza Adriantika Suntara i Tiara Ramadhani. "Penanaman Karakter Anti Korupsi Unsur Pemerintah Desa Juru Seberang Kecamatan Tanjung Pandan". Jurnal Dedikasi Hukum 2, nr 3 (25.12.2022): 308–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jdh.v2i3.23512.
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Kegiatan dengan tajuk Penanaman Karakter Anti Korupsi Pejabat Pemerintah Desa Juru Seberang Kecamatan Tanjung Pandan ini sejatinya merupakan bentuk pengabdian kepada masyarakat dengan sasaran pejabat pemerintah sebagai abdi negara yang diberikan tugas, tanggung jawab dan wewenang yang berhubungan dengan pelayanan publik. Adapun alasan mengambil topik terkait Penanaman Karakter Anti Korupsi pejabat pemerintah, BPD dan Karang Taruna Desa Juru Seberang Kecamatan Tanjung Pandan ini adalah sebagai bentuk kepedulian warga negara dalam menanamkan karakter pejabat pemerintah yang siap menghadapi tantangan ke depan dan mempunyai sikap dan prinsip anti korupsi. Unsur pemerintah sebagai pelayan publik harus dapat mengemban amanah yang diberikan. Tim pengabdi menilai pejabat pemerintah tidak hanya berperan sebagai pelayan publik semata, akan tetapi pejabat pemerintah ini sejatinya dapat berperan aktif dalam mencegah terjadinya perbuatan koruptif atau bahkan tindak pidana korupsi. Pejabat pemerintah, BPD dan Karang Taruna Desa Juru Seberang Kecamatan Tanjung Pandan dituntut dengan idealisme dan integritasnya harus dapat menjadi teladan yang baik bagi warganya. Oleh karenanya amatlah penting untuk menjaga idealisme dan integritas pejabat ini agar tidak berorientasi pada kepentingan politik dan kekuasaan semata yang dapat mengubah prinsip segenap unsur pemerintah. Installation of Anti-Corruption Character Elements of Government of Juru Seberbang Village, Tanjung Pandan Sub-District Installation of Anti-Corruption Character for The Elements Government of Juru Seberang Village, Tanjung Pandan Sub-District. The activity with the Cultivating Anti-Official Character of the Juru Seberang Village Government, Tanjung Pandan District, is actually a form of community service with the target of corruption by government officials as state servants who are given duties, responsibilities, and authorities related to public services. The reason for taking the topic related to Planting Anti-Corruption Characters for government officials, BPD and Karang Taruna in Juru Seberang Village, Tanjung Pandan District, is as a form of concern for citizens in instilling the character of government officials who are ready to face the challenges ahead and have anti- corruption attitudes and principles. Government elements as public servants must be able to carry out the mandate given. The service team assesses that government officials act not only as public servants but these government officials can actually play an active role in preventing the occurrence of corrupt acts or even criminal acts of corruption. Government officials, BPD and Karang Taruna, Juru Seberang Village, Tanjung Pandan District, are required to have idealism and integrity to be able to be good role models for their citizens. Therefore, it is very important to maintain the idealism and integrity of these officials so that they are not oriented to political interests and power alone, which can change the principles of all elements of the government.
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Gaus, Nur Zalliza, i Meirinawati Meirinawati. "EFEKTIVITAS PROGRAM PUSAT EKONOMI JAMBANGAN HEBAT (PEJABAT) MELALUI CSR (CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY) UMKM PT. PERTAMINA DI KELURAHAN JAMBANGAN KOTA SURABAYA". Publika 9, nr 3 (5.05.2021): 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/publika.v9n3.p125-138.
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Pemerintah menetapkan peraturan corporate social responsibility dalam UU RI No. 40 Tahun 2007 bagi perseroan terbatas yang kegiatannya berkaitan dengan sumber daya alam, seperti PT. Pertamina Tbk. Sebagai bentuk tanggungjawab perusahaan terhadap lingkungan sekitarnya, PT. Pertamina melalui Marketing Operasional Regional (MOR) V melakukan PKBL program kemitraan untuk UMKM binaan di Kota Surabaya. Salah satu UMKM binaan Pertamina yakni, Pusat Ekonomi Jambangan Hebat (Pejabat) di Jambangan. Untuk mencapai tujuan CSR, Pertamina memberikan pelatihan dasar, bantuan alat-alat usaha, dan pemasaran produk. Tujuan penelitian untuk mendeskripsikan efektivitas program Pejabat melalui CSR Pertamina program UMKM. Fokus penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Teori yang digunakan menurut Sutrisno, ada lima indikator yang mempengaruhi efektivitas suatu program yaitu Pemahaman Program, Tepat Sasaran, Tepat Waktu, Tercapainya Tujuan, dan Perubahan Nyata. Jenis data yang diambil menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder. Efektivitas program Pejabat dalam indikator pemahaman program, semua anggota Pejabat sudah mengetahui program tersebut melalui sosialisasi dengan baik. Program Pejabat sudah tepat waktu, bagi warga Jambangan dan tim CSR Pertamina, sesuai keadaan lingkungan kampung Pejabat dan kebutuhan mereka. Program Pejabat sudah tepat sasaran, kampung RT 02 RW 01 sebagai sasaran program CSR memiliki potensi yang perlu dikembangkan untuk membantu peningkatan ekonomi kreatif warga meskipun masih ada kekurangan bantuan memasarkan produk UMKM. Tercapainya tujuan, berhasil sebesar 70% dan sisanya, Pertamina bekerjasaama dengan warga Pejabat untuk mengembangkan produktifitas melalui pembinaan lanjutan. Perubahan nyata, dilihat dari peningkatan laba pelaku UMKM Pejabat, setelah adanya bantuan CSR Pertamina. Meskipun belum maksimal, Pertamina sudah menjadikan warga kampung Pejabat sedikit banyak mandiri.
Kata Kunci: Efektivitas, Tanggungjawab Sosial Perusahaan, Kemitraan, UMKM
The government sets regulations on corporate social responsibility in the Republic of Indonesia Law No. 40 of 2007 for limited liability companies whose activities are related to natural resources, such as PT. Pertamina Tbk. As a form of corporate responsibility towards the surrounding environment, PT. Pertamina through Regional Operational Marketing (MOR) V conducted a PKBL partnership program for assisted MSMEs in the city of Surabaya. One of the MSMEs assisted by Pertamina is the Great Jambangan Economic Center (Official) in Jambangan. To achieve CSR goals, Pertamina provides basic training, assistance with business tools, and product marketing. The research objective was to describe the effectiveness of the official program through Pertamina's CSR UMKM program. The research focus used a descriptive qualitative approach. The theory used, according to Sutrisno, is that there are five indicators that affect the effectiveness of a program, namely Program Understanding, Right on Target, On Time, Achievement of Goals, and Real Change. Types of data taken using primary data and secondary data. The effectiveness of the official program in the indicators of program understanding, all members of the Official are familiar with the program through good socialization. The Official Program is on time, for the residents of Jambangan and the Pertamina CSR team, according to the conditions of the official village and their needs. The official program has been right on target, the village of RT 02 RW 01 as the target of the CSR program has the potential that needs to be developed to help increase the creative economy of the community even though there is still a lack of assistance in marketing MSME products. Achievement of objectives, succeeded by 70% and the rest, Pertamina collaborated with residents of officials to develop productivity through further coaching. Real change, seen from the increase in profits of MSME officials, after Pertamina's CSR assistance. Even though it has not been maximized, Pertamina has made the residents of Pejabat village more or less independent.
Keywords: Effectiveness, Corporate Social Responsibility, Partnership, UMKM
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Francis, Tinu Rose, Suzanne Wilkinson, Sandeeka Mannakkara i Alice Chang-Richards. "Post-disaster reconstruction in Christchurch: a “build back better” perspective". International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 9, nr 3 (11.06.2018): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-01-2017-0009.
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Purpose The 2010/2011 Canterbury earthquakes were one of the most devastating events in New Zealand’s history. Due to the large scale of disruption and losses, the central government created a separate body, the Canterbury Earthquake Recovery Authority (CERA), to manage and oversee recovery activities. Working with local authorities and stakeholders, CERA plays a major role in driving the recovery in Christchurch. This paper aims to analyse CERA’s decision-making process and the effects of some of its critical decisions on the recovery outcomes. The paper takes a “build back better” (BBB) perspective to understand the decisions taken and processes used. Design/methodology/approach The case study adopted a mixed-methods research design (Creswell, 2013) and was conducted by reviewing official CERA documents and publications related to its recovery assessments and by conducting interviews with key officials from CERA. Collecting data from both qualitative and quantitative data sources enabled the process of triangulation. Findings Lessons learned from the Canterbury experience in terms of recovery best practices are reported. CERA’s recovery policy aimed to give confidence to the community and renew and revitalise the damaged city. Compared with the BBB theory, the community-driven recovery strategy and the multi-stakeholder approach worked well. Other critical decisions aligned with the BBB theory include land zoning, empowering community and integration with existing developmental plans. Originality/value BBB can be used as a tool for the implementation of recovery and restoration measures following a large disaster. However, a set of practical indicators to measure the level of BBB is needed.
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L., J. F. "$125 MILLION QUESTION: WHAT DO DRUGS COST?" Pediatrics 86, nr 3 (1.09.1990): A61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.86.3.a61.
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How much do new drugs cost to develop? Ask officials at U.S. pharmaceutical companies how much they spent taking a drug from test tube to market and they invariably will say "about $125 million." The figure's accuracy, however, is hotly disputed by regulators and industry critics. Indeed, the amount isn't derived from direct accounting of the spending on a specific drug. Instead, it is based on an academic study, sponsored by drug makers in the late 1970s, which added up total R&D costs and divided it by the number of drugs produced. Back then, the study said the bill for a new drug was $80 million. It was updated to $125 million a few years ago by adding in inflation... ...A Food and Drug Administration official contends that half the 30 drugs for use in life-threatening illnesses approved in the 1980s were first discovered abroad, and that much of the testing was done by foreign companies. Moreover...much of the research for the drugs first came out of university labs partly sponsored by federal grants.
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From staff reports. "Officials Get Ready for 2009-H1N1 To Come Back in the Fall". Pediatric News 43, nr 5 (maj 2009): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-398x(09)70129-8.
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Goldsmith, M. F. "Blood bank officials hope donor altruism will pass new (anti-HCV) test". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 263, nr 13 (4.04.1990): 1749–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.263.13.1749.
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Ikhsan, Ali Nur, Raditya Sani Alifian i Desri Nur Astri. "PELATIHAN PENGGUNAAN GOOGLE FORM DAN GOOGLE DRIVE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN ADMINISTRASI DI DESA KARANGNANGKA". SELAPARANG: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Berkemajuan 6, nr 3 (6.09.2022): 1199. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/jpmb.v6i3.10069.
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ABSTRAKDampak adanya pandemic Covid-19 membuat perangkat desa harus menemukan cara melayani masyarakat dengan mudah dan aman, selain itu penyimpanan data masih menggunakan penyimpanan lokal dengan menggunakan flashdisk, hardisk sehingga berisiko data hilang dan terkena virus. Tim pengabdian masyarakat: Amikom Mitra Masyarakat (AMM) berencana memberikan pelatihan penggunaan Google Form dan Google Drive. Pelatihan Google Form untuk dapat dimanfaatkan perangkat desa dalam melayani masyarakat di bagian administrasi, sedangkan Pelatihan Google Drive untuk dapat dimanfaatkan perangkat desa dalam menyimpan dan membackup data secara cloud sehingga dapat diakses kapanpun dan dimanapun. Metode yang dilakukan dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini yaitu penjelasan materi dilanjutkan dengan pelatihan dan praktik langsung pada masing-masing peserta. Kegiatan pelatihan ini berjalan dengan baik dan langsung dipraktikan oleh perangkat desa untuk membantu pekerjaan administrasi di desa. Kata kunci: pelatihan; pengabdian kepada masyarakat; google; form; drive; cloud. ABSTRACTThe impact of the Covid-19 pandemic has forced village officials to find ways to serve the community easily and safely, besides that data storage is still using local storage using flash drives and hard drives, so there is a risk of data being lost and being exposed to viruses. Community service team: Amikom Mitra Masyarakat (AMM) plans to provide training on the use of Google Forms and Google Drive. The Google Form training can be used by village officials in serving the community in the administration section, while the Google Drive Training can be used by village officials to store and back up data in the cloud so that it can be accessed anytime and anywhere. The method used in this community service is the explanation of the material followed by training and direct practice for each participant. This training activity went well and was immediately put into practice by village officials to help with administrative work in the village. Keywords: training; community service; google; form; drive; cloud.
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Susilo, Agus Budi. "MAKNA DAN KRITERIA DISKRESI KEPUTUSAN DAN/ATAU TINDAKAN PEJABAT PUBLIK DALAM MEWUJUDKAN TATA PEMERINTAHAN YANG BAIK". Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan 4, nr 1 (31.03.2015): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.25216/jhp.4.1.2015.133-152.
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In order to do the legal action, public officials often execute out of written law, this condition is a logic consequence, that the acts and others written laws are left behind in anticipating the development of the era, the change of values, and increasing need of human life along with the progress that they have achieved in science and technology. Therefore, to make legality principle on operational stage can be done as good as it could, so the development instrument of the discretion is needed, ironically, not the rare things, the use of discretion sometimes misuse by public officials, pretending bases on public need and legal certainty in fact they abandon civil rights, either individually, in group or even civil corporate body. To anticipate it all, another draft is required to control the discretion of public policy and/or act of public officials, and that draft is good governance, which usually assume as good governance system. By understanding main principle from good governance itself, it’s hoped that the discretion of public policy and/or act of public officials can be applied together with code of conduct in law (rechtmatigheid van regering).Keywords : Discretion, Public Officials, Good Governance
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Insanu, Muhamad, Syaikhul Aziz, Irda Fidrianny, Rika Hartati, Elfahmi, Sukrasno i Komar Ruslan Wirasutisna. "NATURAL ANTHRAQUINONEFROM THE BARK OF Cinchona officinalis L." Rasayan Journal of Chemistry 12, nr 02 (2019): 519–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31788/rjc.2019.1221831.
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Youn, Ui-Joung, Quan Cheng Chen, Wen-Yi Jin, Ik-Soo Lee, Hong-Jin Kim, Jong-Pill Lee, Min-Jung Chang, Byung-Sun Min i Ki-Hwan Bae. "Cytotoxic Lignans from the Stem Bark ofMagnolia officinalis". Journal of Natural Products 70, nr 10 (październik 2007): 1687–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np070388c.
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Shen, Chien-Chang, Ching-Li Ni, Yuh-Chiang Shen, Yu-Ling Huang, Ching-Hsia Kuo, Tian-Shung Wu i Chien-Chih Chen. "Phenolic Constituents from the Stem Bark ofMagnolia officinalis". Journal of Natural Products 72, nr 1 (23.01.2009): 168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np800494e.
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Clark, Robert A., Zachary L. Flamig, Humberto Vergara, Yang Hong, Jonathan J. Gourley, Daniel J. Mandl, Stuart Frye, Matthew Handy i Maria Patterson. "Hydrological Modeling and Capacity Building in the Republic of Namibia". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 98, nr 8 (1.08.2017): 1697–715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-15-00130.1.
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Abstract The Republic of Namibia, located along the arid and semiarid coast of southwest Africa, is highly dependent on reliable forecasts of surface and groundwater storage and fluxes. Since 2009, the University of Oklahoma (OU) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) have engaged in a series of exercises with the Namibian Ministry of Agriculture, Water, and Forestry to build the capacity to improve the water information available to local decision-makers. These activities have included the calibration and implementation of NASA and OU’s jointly developed Coupled Routing and Excess Storage (CREST) hydrological model as well as the Ensemble Framework for Flash Flood Forecasting (EF5). Hydrological model output is used to produce forecasts of river stage height, discharge, and soil moisture. To enable broad access to this suite of environmental decision support information, a website, the Namibia Flood Dashboard, hosted on the infrastructure of the Open Science Data Cloud, has been developed. This system enables scientists, ministry officials, nongovernmental organizations, and other interested parties to freely access all available water information produced by the project, including comparisons of NASA satellite imagery to model forecasts of flooding or drought. The local expertise needed to generate and enhance these water information products has been grown through a series of training meetings bringing together national government officials, regional stakeholders, and local university students and faculty. Aided by online training materials, these exercises have resulted in additional capacity-building activities with CREST and EF5 beyond Namibia as well as the initial implementation of a global flood monitoring and forecasting system.
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Rudner, Martin. "Japanese Official Development Assistance to Southeast Asia". Modern Asian Studies 23, nr 1 (luty 1989): 73–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00011422.
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Japan's involvement as a donor of Official Development Assistance (ODA) can be traced back, historically, to post-second world war arrangements for war damage reparations. At that time, the late 1940s, early 1950s, Japan was itself a low-income country, whose industries had suffered widespread dislocation and ruin due to war. Yet, the new post-war Japanese government, eager to work its way back into the comity of nations, undertook to make reparation for the destruction of economic assets in the territories that had been fought over. The reparations agreements concluded in the 1950s involved many of the developing countries on the Asia/Pacific Rim—reflecting the pattern of wartime conquest—some of them independent, others still under European colonial rule. Thailand and the People's Republic of China were excluded from reparations, the former due to its wartime co-belligerent status, the latter since it was unrecognized by Japan, ironically in view of their subsequent emergence as the largest recipients of Japanese bilateral ODA by the 1980s. In the event, by the time Japanese reparations had become available, reconstruction assistance had already begun to give way to post-reconstruction support for public sector economic growth. A greater part of these reparations consisted of deliveries of Japanese capital goods and equipment, e.g., cargo ships, through transfer mechanisms designed to match Japan's re-emergent industrial export capabilities with the import requirements of Southeast Asian economic development.By way of contrast with the contemporary Western orientation in development assistance to Asia, driven by a 'Big Push' syndrome towards relatively large-scale infrastructure projects through such mechanisms as the Colombo Plan, the Japanese experience with reparations provided from the outset a closer strategic integration between Japan's international donor obligations, on the one hand, and its export strategy and dynamic competitive advantages in international trade, on the other.
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Salamah, Najah Hassan. "Impact of Electronic Banking Services on Bank Transactions". International Journal of Economics and Finance 9, nr 2 (11.01.2017): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v9n2p111.
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The objective of the research was to evaluate the significance of electronic system integrated in the banking sector for providing convenience services to their clients and the overall impact caused by electronic services on bank transaction. The research has applied analytical descriptive methodology to analyze the impact of electronic banking services on the bank transactions. The total sample size taken for the study was 150 and the questionnaires were distributed among the clients and bank officials to collect the data. The analysis revealed that electronic services have contributed to increase both the financial activity of the bank as well as number of its clients. In the banking sector, professional training can be given to banking officials, so that they can effectively work on the electronic system. The satisfaction has covertly impact a customer inclination towards electronic banking and electronic banking has positively influenced the banking transaction.
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Feldman, David Lewis. "The United States Role in the Malvinas Crisis, 1982: Misguidance and Misperception in Argentina's Decision to Go to War". Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 27, nr 2 (1985): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/165715.
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The Malvinas (Falklands) war of April-June 1982 has generated little attention among international scholars largely because neither its causes or consequences are. assumed to have great power significance.The thesis of this article is that the timing of the Malvinas invasion, and the subsequent miscalculation that the United States would tacitly assist Argentina, were partly shaped by U. S. policies. Although the principal motive for the invasion was to vindicate a claim stretching back to the early 19th century (U.S. House 1982c: 50-51; Etchepareborda, 1983:48-58), the abruptness of Argentina's actions was conditioned by Reagan administration overtures towards a grand “anti-Communist” alliance (Maechling, 1982:75-82; Sunday Times, 1982: 63); an increase in the frequency and prestige of high-level contacts between the U.S. and Argentina between 1980-1982; the cultivation of official links between Galtieri and high-ranking U.S. national security officials (U.S. House, 1982d: 67; Hastings and Jenkins, 1983:46); the intense, personal diplomacy of former Secretary of State Haig during the conflict (Hastings and Jenkins, 1983: 104-113); and by covert efforts by Argentina to extend and strengthen U.S.-Argentine ties (Cardoso et al., 1983: 60-61).
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Voronchuk, Iryna. "OLEKSANDR LAZAREVSKYI AND THE DISCUSSION ON THE FACTORS OF SERFDOM IN THE LEFT-BANK UKRAINE". Вісник Львівського університету. Серія історична / Visnyk of the Lviv University. Historical Series, nr 54 (3.11.2022): 284–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/his.2022.54.11614.
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The article analyzes the discussion that unfolded among professional historians of the Hetmanate after the work of Oleksandr Matviiovych Lazarevskyi “Ordinary Peasants of Little Russia” was published in 1866. Lazarevskyi was one of the first researchers to study the history of the Left-bank Ukraine, which at that time remained virtually unexplored. When in 1861 the peasant reform was announced by the tsarist government, the researcher became interested in the issues of the Left-bank Ukrainian peasantry, especially given the fact that due to his official position he had access to archival documents of those institutions that dealt with peasant affairs. Looking into the matter of attaching Left-bank peasants to the land, Lazarevskyi concluded that serfdom was not imposed by the Russian government but became the work of Ukrainian Cossack officers (starshyna), who concentrated administrative and judicial power in their hands. This conclusion, however, did not gain general acceptance. The divergence of views was mainly about the origins and the process of the introduction of serfdom in the Left-bank Ukraine. A scientific discussion began among the historians of Ukraine such as Mykhailo Hrushevskyi, Dmytro Bahalii, Venedykt Miakotyn, Ivan Luchytskyi, Victor Barvinskyi, Ivan Telichenko, Oleksandr Shlikevych and others. In particular, Hrushevskyi pointed out that precisely this conclusion of Lazarevskyi had to be corrected. In support of Hrushevsky’s view, this article lists a number of laws of the Russian Empire of the 18th century which aimed at making Russian peasants serfs. It is shown that very fast that order of things was transferred to the Left-bank Ukraine, which lands were given out to Russian officials on a large scale resulting in Great Russia's latifundial landownership. In addition to the lands received for the service, Russian officials independently appropriated territories adjacent to them, thus significantly enlarging their estates. They were the ones who led the establishment of their customary order of life in Ukrainian lands, turning into serfs not only peasants but also ordinary Cossacks, which also aligned with the interests of the Cossack starshyna. The final point in the enserfment of peasantry, in particular the Ukrainian one, was put by the law of May 3, 1783 which forbade peasants to leave entirely. Hence, when considering the reasons for the enslavement of the Left-bank peasantry, one should take into account the impact of the Russian social practices and the efforts of the tsarist government to turn Ukraine into a colonial province.
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Rezavi, Syed Ali Nadeem. "I‘timād ‘Ali- Khān: The career of a Mughal officer through his own diary". Studies in People's History 7, nr 1 (15.04.2020): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2348448920908246.
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I‘timād ‘Alī Khān (to go by his last title), is unique among Mughal officials for having left behind a diary from 1693 to 1727, covering his period of service in Gujarat, then his journey to Delhi and Allahabad and back and, finally, his sojourn at Surat. He gives us much information about individual officials, and the slowly collapsing Mughal administration. The following article reconstructs his career from the diary.
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Bull, Jonathan. "Karafuto Repatriates and the Work of the Hakodate Regional Repatriation Centre, 1945–50". Journal of Contemporary History 53, nr 4 (15.05.2018): 788–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009418761213.
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This article demonstrates how discourse about those repatriated from Japan’s former colonial empire was constructed in early postwar Japan. US Occupation planning assumed that a repatriate had a ‘home’ to return to from which he or she could make a ‘new’ start. Aware that repatriation was more complex, Japanese officials tried to respond more flexibly but met with little success until an intensifying Cold War rivalry prompted US officials to intervene in repatriate affairs due to a concern that communist ideology might appeal to repatriates. Hokkaido officials’ response to the Cold War imperative for a more nuanced policy toward repatriates from Karafuto (Sakhalin) was to promote a narrative of the ‘Karafuto repatriate’. Intended by officials to help Karafuto repatriates ‘resettle’ in postwar Hokkaido, this narrative harked back to aspects of the settler identity promoted by colonial officials in the 1930s and early 1940s. In addition, using a rare set of notes from officials’ group interviews with repatriates, this article analyses the importance of settler identity for repatriates’ coming to terms with the transition from Karafuto to Sakhalin to Hokkaido. Hokkaido officials' and Karafuto repatriates’ interpretations of regional connections were crucial for reintegrating in trans-war, post-imperial society.
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Morozan, Vladimir V. "The Staff of the St. Petersburg Office of the State Bank and Their Salaries". Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 65, nr 4 (2020): 1044–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2020.402.
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The article deals with the problems of staffing of the St. Petersburg office of the State Bank and their employees’ salaries. This topic has not been researched in the national and foreign historiography, which excluded the possibility of referencing previously published works. The article is based on the record keeping documents from the Russian State Historical Archive. St. Petersburg office of the State Bank was established in 1894, being a part of the Corporate Administration of the main credit institution of the country. It was one of the largest local branches of the bank that executed the largest credit operations in the country. For this reason, the staff of this office was the most numerous and the most compensated in terms of pay. At the end of 1896 it comprised 463 full-time employees, while 54 more candidates were on the wait list for possible vacancies. Meanwhile the remaining branches and offices of the bank together had a staff of slightly less than 700 people. In addition to full-time employees, there were in the capital branch of the State Bank numerous support staff, including information security workers, brochure makers, janitors, security guards, laundresses and others. Salaries of officials of this unit were the highest. Although formally the official payment in the bank was established by law and in general was the same for all employees of the bank in all its branches; the corporate office of this institution paid their employees more generously by means of bonuses.
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Андрій Володимирович Шевчук. "THE STAFF OF THE PIDKOMORIOUS COURTS OF THE RIGHT-BANK UKRAINE (1797–1832)". Intermarum history policy culture, nr 5 (1.01.2018): 182–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.111812.
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The article analyzes the staff of the pidkomorious courts of the Right-bank Ukraine after the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth’s court tradition was restored by Pavel I. In an effort to centralize the state, strengthen its power and establish order, the ruler went for the restoration of certain elements of the previous judicial system in order to receive support from the regional elites. It is established that the return to the previous staff was declared. However, earlier the szlachta of the povit chose only the pidkomoriy, which held the position for the life term and independently formed the composition of the court, appointing a komornyk, a scrivener, a measurer and diggers, but this time, in Russian reality, the magistrates were the first who were elected for the life term in the noble elections. Soon enough, under the reign of Alexander I according to the “Institutions for the Management of the Provinces” (1775) they were elected for a three-year term. Apart from the pidkomoriy, a komornyk and a voznyi (who were not present in the composition of the court before) were elected as well. The supreme power tried to bring the composition of the noble voters in accordance with the all-Russian laws but due to the specific characteristics of the region they constantly faced problems, in particular, some of the nobles did not have the necessary property, others were not recorded in the noble books etc. One of the main things that influenced the composition of the court was the approval of the positions of a pidkomoriy, a komornyk and a voznyi by the governor. Being on elected positions in the judiciary was a sign of loyalty on the part of the local gentry to the Russian authorities who in turn met legal financial needs of such officials, even at the expense of the treasury as it was with the sequestrated mansions after T. Kosciuszko’s uprising. A great amount of work combined with the control by the Russian authorities led to the loss of the prestige value of the position. Well-off Polish landowners preferred to run their own farming and make a profit of this rather than abandon their mansions and serve the Russian authorities. Some elected officials carried out their official duties negligently, ignoring the orders of the county and provincial authorities, violating the rules of clerical work and refusing to go to the delimitation. After the suppression of the Polish uprising in 1830-1831 pidcomorian courts were abolished and their functions were forwarded to povit courts.
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Jacquemond-Collet, I., S. Hannedouche, I. Fourasté i C. Moulis. "Novel quinoline alkaloid from trunk bark of Galipea officinalis". Fitoterapia 71, nr 5 (wrzesień 2000): 605–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0367-326x(00)00211-2.
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Ahmad, Viqar Uddin, Nikhat Saba i Khalid Mohammed Khan. "Triterpenoid saponin from the bark of Guaiacum Officinale L." Natural Product Research 18, nr 2 (1.04.2004): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1478641031000140866.
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Yu, Sheng-xian, Ren-yi Yan, Ri-xin Liang, Wei Wang i Bin Yang. "Bioactive polar compounds from stem bark of Magnolia officinalis". Fitoterapia 83, nr 2 (marzec 2012): 356–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2011.11.020.
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Uddin Ahmad, Viqar, Nasreen Bano i Bano Shaheen. "A saponin from the stem bark of Guaiacum officinale". Phytochemistry 25, nr 4 (1986): 951–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(86)80035-8.
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Guisinger, Alexandra, i David Andrew Singer. "Exchange Rate Proclamations and Inflation-Fighting Credibility". International Organization 64, nr 2 (kwiecień 2010): 313–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818310000056.
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AbstractIf governments choose economic policies that often run counter to their public commitments, are those commitments meaningless? We argue that government proclamations can be critical in signaling economic policy intentions. We focus on the realm of exchange rate policy, in which countries frequently implement an exchange rate regime that differs from the officially declared regime. We argue that the official exchange rate regime is one of the most important signals of a government's economic policy preferences. When a government makes a de jure public commitment to a fixed exchange rate, it sends a signal to domestic and international markets of its strict monetary-policy priorities. In contrast, a government that proclaims a floating exchange rate signals a desire to retain discretion over monetary policy, even if it has implemented a de facto fixed rate. We use data on 110 developed and developing countries from 1974 to 2004 to test two hypotheses: first, that governments that adopt de facto fixed exchange rates will experience less inflation when they back up their actions with official declarations; and second, that governments that abide by their commitments—as demonstrated by a history of following through on their public declarations of a fixed exchange rate regime—will establish greater inflation-fighting credibility. Within developing countries, democratic institutions enhance this credibility. Results from fixed-effects econometric models provide strong support for our hypotheses.
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Razumova, O. I. "Analyzing the accuracy of bank reliability assessment based on official reporting". Finance and Credit 26, nr 2 (28.02.2020): 327–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/fc.26.2.327.
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Subject. The article considers ratings of banks' reliability. Objectives. The aim is to evaluate the accuracy of existing methodology for bank reliability assessment based on official reporting, to identify patterns between indicators and factors that can affect the financial sustainability of a bank. Methods. The study draws on the comparative analysis of key indicators of bank's financial statements one year prior to the introduction of provisional administration, and evaluates the results of existing methods for analyzing the financial standing of banks. Results. The findings show that those methods that use only official reporting to assess the reliability of banks are not sufficient for short-term forecasting of financial stability. Ratings of the majority of agencies that rest on official reporting have a high percentage of erroneous results, therefore, rating agencies are not able to predict the regulator's decisions regarding a credit institution. Conclusions. Currently, there are no universal methods to determine reliability, which would provide a correct forecast of deteriorated financial position of the bank. It is important to use a systems approach, where financial reporting is not a key component.
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Lim, G. C., Sarantis Tsiaplias i Chew Lian Chua. "Bank and Official Interest Rates: How Do They Interact over Time?" Economic Record 89, nr 285 (czerwiec 2013): 160–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-4932.12030.
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Neshkes, Ol’ga V. "The Image of Russia in the Spanish Historical Diplomatic Discourse of the Second Half of the 18th Century: Frame Modelling". Vestnik of Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Series Humanitarian and Social Sciences, nr 5 (15.11.2021): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/2687-1505-v130.
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Frame modelling has been widely used to analyse various types of discourse; however, the historical and diplomatic discourse remained beyond the purview of special studies until recently. This paper aimed to consider the linguopragmatic and ontological characteristics of the image of Russia in the Spanish historical and diplomatic discourse of the second half of the 18th century from the perspective of frame modelling. An interdisciplinary approach was applied, including the methods of comparative, lexicosemantic, discourse, and frame analysis. The frame “Russia” modelled by the author on the basis of the prototypical frame “state” represents linguistic units that actualize the image of Russia in the discourse under study as well as changes in this image that occurred during the given historical period. The material included 84 historical documents from Spanish archives, namely, official diplomatic correspondence dating back to the period of exploration of the New World by Russia and Spain and consolidation of their state rights on this territory. The studied correspondence, consisting of reports of Spanish envoys to Russia, letters of governors of New Spain and diaries of Spanish seafarers, is one of the main sources of the formation of the image of Russia as part of the Spanish linguistic worldview of the 18th century. Based on the semantic, discourse and frame analysis of Spanish diplomatic documents of the second half of the 18th century, it is concluded that the image of Russia in the Spanish linguistic worldview is rather ambiguous: Russia is portrayed as a large empire with rich land and human resources planning expansion into North America, while having corrupt officials and an uncivilized indigenous population in Eastern Siberia. The results of this study can be of interest to linguists, historians and diplomatic officials.
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Makana, Nicholas E. "Metropolitan Concern, Colonial State Policy and the Embargo on Cultivation of Coffee by Africans in Colonial Kenya: the Example of Bungoma District, 1930–1960". History in Africa 36 (2009): 315–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.2010.0007.
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The widespread involvement of African peasant households in the cultivation of a high-value cash crop—coffee—in Kenya dates back only to the mid-1950s. However, this late inclusion of African households in coffee cultivation did not imply their lack of enthusiasm to cultivate the crop from an earlier date. On the contrary, European settlers in particular, and some officials of the Department of Agriculture, thwarted the aspirations of African households regarding their being permitted to cultivate coffee. The overall view was in favor of the continued imposition of an embargo on African coffee cultivation. This paper employs mainly archival records to trace the agitation for inclusion in coffee cultivation by African households in colonial Kenya generally. It then treats the specific case example of Bungoma district in western Kenya from the 1930s.Through a review of official correspondence between colonial officials in Kenya and metropolitan authorities at the colonial secretariat in London, the paper shows how such agitation conflicted with the interests of European settlers and the policies that were privileged by the Department of Agriculture in African areas within Kenya. It demonstrates that when colonial state policy shifted (due to metropolitan and local pressure) in favor of African household involvement in coffee cultivation, the latter proved themselves to be efficient cultivators of the crop. The influence of metropolitan pressures on the eventual trajectory of colonial state policy in Kenya also demonstrates that the actions of colonial proconsuls in the colony did not always reflect the wishes of the colonial secretariat in London. This was moreso the case in Kenya, where a small but politically potent segment of European settlers exerted tremendous influence on the policies that were pursued by the colonial state.
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DeMaria, Mark, Charles R. Sampson, John A. Knaff i Kate D. Musgrave. "Is Tropical Cyclone Intensity Guidance Improving?" Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 95, nr 3 (1.03.2014): 387–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-12-00240.1.
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The mean absolute error of the official tropical cyclone (TC) intensity forecasts from the National Hurricane Center (NHC) and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) shows limited evidence of improvement over the past two decades. This result has sometimes erroneously been used to conclude that little or no progress has been made in the TC intensity guidance models. This article documents statistically significant improvements in operational TC intensity guidance over the past 24 years (1989–2012) in four tropical cyclone basins (Atlantic, eastern North Pacific, western North Pacific, and Southern Hemisphere). Errors from the best available model have decreased at 1%–2% yr−1 at 24–72 h, with faster improvement rates at 96 and 120 h. Although these rates are only about one-third to one-half of the rates of reduction of the track forecast models, most are statistically significant at the 95% level. These error reductions resulted from improvements in statistical–dynamical intensity models and consensus techniques that combine information from statistical–dynamical and dynamical models. The reason that the official NHC and JTWC intensity forecast errors have decreased slower than the guidance errors is because in the first half of the analyzed period, their subjective forecasts were more accurate than any of the available guidance. It is only in the last decade that the objective intensity guidance has become accurate enough to influence the NHC and JTWC forecast errors.
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Kirillina, O. M. "LITERARY BOHEMIA IN THE USSR. STATE AND UNDERGROUND". Arts education and science 1, nr 2 (2020): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/hon.202002014.
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After Khrushchev's "Thaw" a new type of bohemia was formed in the USSR. Sensing the breath of freedom, many creative people were not ready to return to the borders, which were again clearly marked by the state. Art in the USSR was divided into official and unofficial, underground. Despite the difference in tastes and ideas, the underground was a rather cohesive structure: this was facilitated by the constant threat from the state and the need to feel support in a situation where writers were deprived of readers and objective criticism. Over time, the underground bohemia had its own luminaries, it became possible to publish (samizdat). After the mass emigration of the 1970s, there was a split between those who left the country, and between different generations of the underground. The state loosened its grip, samizdat became fashionable among the intelligentsia. The new bohemia did not seek to engage in a fierce battle with the state, hiding from its pressure in the kitchens of its own apartments and in the back rooms, polemizing with officials, first of all, at the formal level. The real test for the underground was the sharp changes in the country in the late 1980s: not everyone passed the test of time and market.