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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "BAMK OFFICIALS"
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Meyer-Sahling, Jan-Hinrik, i Fanni Toth. "Governing Illiberal Democracies: Democratic Backsliding and the Political Appointment of Top Officials in Hungary". NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy 13, nr 2 (1.12.2020): 93–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nispa-2020-0016.
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AbstractThis paper examines the impact of democratic backsliding on the management of top officials in Hungary. Based on a unique data set of more than 1,600 top officials the article shows that the number of appointments to top positions increased in 2010 and subsequent years, during which Hungary experienced democratic back-sliding. Moreover, the data shows that turnover in top official positions was higher in 2010 and in subsequent years than in the period between 1990 and 2010. The paper concludes that the politicisation and high degree of instability in top official positions may be characteristic of governance in illiberal democracies.
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Zhang, Fuqing, i Yonghui Weng. "Predicting Hurricane Intensity and Associated Hazards: A Five-Year Real-Time Forecast Experiment with Assimilation of Airborne Doppler Radar Observations". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 96, nr 1 (1.01.2015): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-13-00231.1.
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Abstract Performance in the prediction of hurricane intensity and associated hazards has been evaluated for a newly developed convection-permitting forecast system that uses ensemble data assimilation techniques to ingest high-resolution airborne radar observations from the inner core. This system performed well for three of the ten costliest Atlantic hurricanes: Ike (2008), Irene (2011), and Sandy (2012). Four to five days before these storms made landfall, the system produced good deterministic and probabilistic forecasts of not only track and intensity, but also of the spatial distributions of surface wind and rainfall. Averaged over all 102 applicable cases that have inner-core airborne Doppler radar observations during 2008–2012, the system reduced the day-2-to-day-4 intensity forecast errors by 25%–28% compared to the corresponding National Hurricane Center’s official forecasts (which have seen little or no decrease in intensity forecast errors over the past two decades). Empowered by sufficient computing resources, advances in both deterministic and probabilistic hurricane prediction will enable emergency management officials, the private sector, and the general public to make more informed decisions that minimize the losses of life and property.
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Kurniawan, Basuki, i Sholikul Hadi. "KEPATUHAN PEJABAT TATA USAHA NEGARA TERHADAP PUTUSAN PENGADILAN TATA USAHA NEGARA BERDASARKAN ASAS-ASAS PEMERINTAHAN YANG BAIK". Ijlil 1, nr 2 (7.02.2021): 149–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.35719/ijl.v1i2.96.
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The main problems to be studied are: (1) how the legal obedience of administrative officials carry out the verdict of administrative court based on good government principles?; (2) Is the arrangement about the obedience of administrative officials already appropriate with good government principles? The method of study use is the juridical normative method. The Approaching of problems use statute approach, conseptual approach, and case approach. Research data source is taken from primary and secondary legal materials. The collected data is qualitatively analyzed by a normative juridical approach.
The result of this research are : first, the legal obedience of administration officials is to be consistent do the verdict of administrative court in the framework of implementation good good government principles. The obedience based on legal awareness. Legal awareness and legal obedience very needed for law enforcement in Indonesia. Awareness and legal obedience very needed by every person, in the same manner as the purpose of law. The administrative officials as people which have positions needed to be stressed for being obedience the verdict of administrative court based on good government principles and alse as example to other people. Second, based on article 116 Law Number 5 Year 1986 about Administration Court cpuld be understood that the arrangement obedience the administrative officials not appropriate with good government principles.
Based on the research result is recommended, that first, the Administration court based on Law Number 5 Year in the essence is good enough. The obedience of administrative officials still less make the verdict of administration court no run well, so needed to make birocration reformation especially to the interpretation of the legal awareness or increasing awareness from government to all administrative officials as formed the respect existence to the body of government; second, Inobedience the administrative court to the verdict of administration court could be categorize criminal. Third, for the verdict of administration court be able to be done well by administrative officials, so needed control body, although internal and external, hereby the duty of Obudsman National Commision very importence to give attention to the administrative official to do the verdict of administration court.
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Rosack, Jim. "Health Officials Bringing Alzheimer’s Care Back Home". Psychiatric News 36, nr 17 (7.09.2001): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/pn.36.17.0006.
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Taufik, Kemal, i Adrian Dhika. "PERANAN KESEJAHTERAAN DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT. BANK RAKYAT INDONESIA TBK CABANG PONDOK GEDE". Aliansi : Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis 15, nr 1 (6.10.2020): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.46975/aliansi.v15i1.53.
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The important employee welfare defend employee so that doesn't move to company other, freshment gift manner to officials with appropriate work environment situation and resort condition. supposed good work environment can spur on tall official performance. This problem formulation : 1) What found welfare part towards employee performance in PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia Tbk Cabang Pondok Gede?; 2) What found work environment part towards employee performance in PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia Tbk Cabang Pondok Gede?; 3) What found welfare part and work environment according to together towards employee performance in PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia Tbk Cabang Pondok Gede? This watchfulness aim : 1) To detect welfare part magnitude towards employee performance in PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia Tbk Cabang Pondok Gede. 2) To detect work environment part magnitude towards employee performance in PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia Tbk Cabang Pondok Gede. 3) To detect welfare part magnitude and work environment according to together towards employee performance in PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia Tbk Cabang Pondok Gede. Conclusion : 1) Found connection significant welfare towards employee performance in PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia Tbk Cabang Pondok Gede, with indicator-indicator well-being guarantee, work arrangement, placidity guarantee, organization progress, creat work environment, complete work facilities, well-being facilities, official library, official education, official house, matter need, official hope, pension, official work quality and economy security. 2) Found connection significant work environment towards employee performance in PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia Tbk Cabang Pondok Gede, with indicator-indicator work smoothness, light, temperature at work, draught, cool taste, planology, temperature, voice, illumination, noise, illumination enough, illumination less, air transfer enough, air transfer can refresh physical and calm work environment. 3) Found positive connection and significant welfare and environment work according to together towards employee performance in PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia Tbk Cabang Pondok Gede, with indicator-indicator education, practice, nutrient and well-being, income, self development, management, government wisdom, official fellow connection, connection with pmpinan, supervision connection, supervise, official know-how, working procedure, increase connection and incentive system.
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Suredja, Sheila Erika, i Suparjo . "PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PEJABAT PEMBUAT AKTA TANAH DALAM PEMBUATAN AKTA JUAL BELI TERKAIT ADANYA SERTIFIKAT PALSU (STUDI PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH AGUNG NOMOR 2046 K/PDT/2018)". PALAR | PAKUAN LAW REVIEW 8, nr 1 (1.01.2022): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33751/palar.v8i1.4589.
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AbstractLand Deed Making Officials as public officials have a role in land registration and also carry out the function of creating perfect evidence. In making an authentic deed, it is necessary to practice the principles of prudence and accuracy to prevent legal defects, both formally and materially. Land may be subject to administrative sanctions in the form of a written warning or dismissal and civil sanctions in the form of compensation to the party who feels aggrieved. Keywords: Land Deed Official, Certificate, Counterfeiting, Deed, Sale and Purchase, Sanctions AbstrakPejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah sebagai pejabat umum memiliki peran dalam pendaftaran tanah dan juga menjalankan fungsi untuk menciptakan alat pembuktian yang sempurna. Dalam pembuatan suatu akta otentik perlu dipraktekkan prinsip-prinsip kehati-hatian dan kecermatan untuk mencegah terjadiya cacat hukum baik secara formil maupun materil.. Dalam praktek, apabila ditemukan bahwa terdapat pelanggaran prosedur pembuatan akta otentik yang dilakukan oleh Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah maka Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah dapat dijatuhkan sanksi baik secara administratif berupa teguran tertulis maupun sanksi pemberhentian dan sanksi keperdataan berupa ganti rugi kepada Pihak yang merasa dirugikan. Kata Kunci: Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah, Sertifikat, Pemalsuan, Akta, Jual Beli, Sanksi.
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Stokhof, Malte, i Oscar Salemink. "State Classification and Its Discontents: The Struggle Over Bawean Ethnic Identity in Vietnam". Journal of Vietnamese Studies 4, nr 2 (2009): 154–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/vs.2009.4.2.154.
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This paper presents a group of Muslim descendants of Bawean people living in Hồ Chí Minh City who formalized their citizenship status and as a consequence their official ethnic identity. Much current scholarly literature presents state classification as a state's hegemonic instrument, as an instrument of state power alone. This case study balances the widespread view of the contemporary Vietnamese state as classifying the "motley crowds" within its boundaries, showing that the state leaves room for "indiscipline." Rather than denying their agency in terms of ethnic identification, sympathetic local officials helped these people of Bawean origin to "classify back."
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Cao, Chunfang, Yizhe Dong, Wenxuan Hou, Yue Liu i Xianhang Qian. "Provincial official turnover and bank loans". Pacific-Basin Finance Journal 57 (październik 2019): 101202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2019.101202.
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Hocker, James E., Andrea D. Melvin, Kevin A. Kloesel, Christopher A. Fiebrich, Robert W. Hill, Richard D. Smith i Steven F. Piltz. "The Evolution and Impact of a Meteorological Outreach Program for Public Safety Officials: An Update on the Oklahoma Mesonet’s OK-First Program". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 99, nr 10 (październik 2018): 2009–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-17-0100.1.
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AbstractSince 1997, the Oklahoma Mesonet (the state’s automated mesoscale weather station network) has served a community of more than 1,400 public safety officials (emergency managers, fire officials, law enforcement, etc.) across Oklahoma through a weather data and training program called Oklahoma’s First-Response Information Resource System using Telecommunications (OK-First). OK-First provides free weather and radar data interpretation classes to eligible public safety officials and, following successful completion of training, password-protected access to weather data tools including a website and software. The objective of OK-First when it began was to fill significant gaps in weather product training and data access for Oklahoma’s public safety community. Though the core mission remains the same 20 years later, many aspects of OK-First have evolved over time, including participant membership, training curriculum, formats of training, training requirements, website and software technology, and program feedback. The purpose of this paper is to provide an update on the Mesonet’s OK-First program, with a particular focus on training, tools, and the impact it has had on the public safety community.
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Hidayaturrahman, Mohammad, i Ahmad Hasan Ubaid. "Peran Pendidikan Politik Dalam Meningkatkan Partisipasi Politik Bagi Warga Kepulauan Madura". Sasambo: Jurnal Abdimas (Journal of Community Service) 4, nr 3 (5.08.2022): 322–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36312/sasambo.v4i3.745.
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Pengabdian ini dilakukan untuk memberi solusi alternatif dari persoalan yang dihadapi oleh warga Kepulauan Madura, yaitu minimnya kesadaran terhadap hak-hak politik dan pembangunan. Pengabdian ini dilakukan dengan metode dialog, yaitu pengabdi melakukan kegiatan bersama sasaran, yang dilakukan secara berkala selama tahun 2022, baik secara daring maupun secara luring. Daring dilakukan, untuk mengefektifkan jarak lokasi sasaran yang berada di wilayah kepulauan, sementara pengabdi tinggal di daratan. Namun untuk memantapkan kegiatan, pertemuan secara luring juga tetap dilakukan. Sasaran merasa sangat terbantu dengan kegiatan yang dilakukan, terutama dengan kehadiran pengabdi ke lokasi tempat sasaran berada. Pengabdi menemukan, selama ini warga kepulauan tidak memiliki akses untuk berpartisiasi dalam mengawal kebijakan politik yang dibuat oleh pejabat publik. Setelah dijelaskan bahwah era teknologi informasi memudahkan bagi warga untuk terlibat di dalam mengawal kebijakan, baik melalui call center, akun resmi yang dimiliki oleh Lembaga pemerintah, dan pejabat publik. Termasuk berkirim surat secara resmi ke lembaga dan pejabat publik. Diperlukan Pendidikan politik yang lebih intensif oleh pemerintah, partai politik, dan kelompok civil society kepada warga Kepulaun Madura. The Role of Political Education in Increasing Political Participation for the Residents of the Madura Islands This devotion is carried out to provide alternative solutions to the problems faced by the residents of the Madura Islands, that is the lack of awareness of political rights and development. This devotion is carried out using the dialogue method, in which the servant carries out activities with the target, which is carried out periodically during 2022, both online and offline. Online is carried out, to make the distance of the target location effective in the archipelago, while the servant lives on the mainland. However, to strengthen activities, offline meetings are still being held. The target feels very helpful with the activities carried out, especially with the presence of a servant at the location where the target is located. I have found that all this time the islanders do not have access to participate in overseeing the political policies made by public officials. After being explained, the era of information technology makes it easier for citizens to be involved in overseeing policies, either through the call centers, official accounts owned by government agencies, and public officials. This includes sending official letters to public institutions and officials. More intensive political education is needed by the government, political parties, and civil society groups for the residents of Madura Island.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "BAMK OFFICIALS"
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Onwukaeme, Benjamin E. "Bank officials' explanation of bank failure during the era of banking deregulation in Nigeria 1986 to 1998". DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2002. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/3257.
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The Nigerian banking system is presently riddled with distress, insolvency, and failure. The system is passing through what might seem the roughest phase in its history. The present bank distress and insolvency have culminated in the failure of many banks. In an attempt to correct this unhealthy development, the regulatory authorities (CBN and NDIC) have devised and implemented many novel policies to check this drift. Despite their efforts, however, the cankerworm continues to eat deeper into the Nigerian banking system. This study seeks to identify significant factors that might explain Nigeria's banking system failure as perceived by bank officials, and to recommend ways to minimize bank failure in Nigeria. The banking authorities, to a large extent, focused on a single cause of bank failure, such as unprofessionalism on the part of bank personnel. The majority of those interviewed accused them of committing fraud. The study showed that during the era of bank deregulation, a wider array of factors might have contributed to bank failure. The factors identified in this study are as follows: 1. The acute shortage of experienced and seasoned banking professionals during the era of banking deregulation led to an increase of forgeries and other abuses. 2. The inconsistent and frequent changes in macroeconomic policies during the period under study have negatively affected other macro-economic indicators. 3. Some factors during the period under investigation led to some banks' inability to meet standards set by the CBN/NDIC in respect to: capital adequacy, asset quality, management profile, earnings strength, and liquidity guidelines. 4. Lack of central bank independence contributed to bank failure. This study is important because the proposed recommendations would be of interest to operators of the banking industry, to regulators in the industry, as well as to the Nigerian government in its efforts to chart a new course in the Nigerian banking industry in the twenty-first century.
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Gillis, William. "The Scanlan's Monthly Story (1970-1971): How One Magazine Infuriated a Bank, an Airline, Unions, Printing Companies, Customs Officials, Canadian Police, Vice President Agnew, and President Nixon in Ten Months". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1593786429523054.
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Скорба, Олег Анатолійович, Олег Анатольевич Скорба i Oleh Anatoliiovych Skorba. "Вдосконалення розрахунку премії працівникам банку". Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/62731.
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Вакал, А. С. "Правовий режим регулювання інституту банківської таємниці в України та напрямки його вдосконалення". Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/57423.
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У статті проведено аналіз норм чинного законодавства України щодо банківської таємниці, її поняття, правової природи, а також процесуальних аспектів, пов’язаних із нею; наведено деякі прогалини та протиріччя, що існують у правовому інституті банківської таємниці, а також запропоновано певні напрямки вдосконалення правових норм у цій сфері.This article presents the analysis of the current legislation of Ukraine on banking secrecy, its concept, the legal nature and procedural issues associated with it; are some gaps and contradictions that exist in the legal institute of banking secrecy, and suggested some areas to improve legal standards in this area.
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Gramlich, Ludwig. "The European Unit – a Foreign Currency? : A West German Point of View". Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-200900545.
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The author sketches the development and legal status of the European Currency Unit (ECU), the predecessor of today's European single currency Euro, and asks whether from the perspective of (former) German monetary law, this currency unit had to be looked at not as a domestic currency ("Deutsche Mark"), but rather as a foreign one.
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Jean, Jesse. "Etude de l’aide internationale pour la réalisation de l’éducation pour tous en Haïti". Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC0066/document.
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En Haïti, l’effort public pour l’éducation reste insuffisant. De plus, l’enseignement primaire est peu développé et de qualité faible. Ainsi, en dépit des progrès substantiels qui ont été réalisés durant ces vingt cinq dernières années, le pays reste très en retard face á l’objectif de l’éducation pour tous (EPT). En effet, les dernières données statistiques disponibles indiquent que plus de 4 500 000 filles et garçons sont actuellement en dehors du système scolaire. Outre l’abandon, le redoublement, le mauvais regroupement des élèves, l’encadrement pédagogique est médiocre. Ce qui pèse négativement sur les acquisitions des élèves. Les mauvais résultats obtenus des élèves aux examens officiels en témoignent. Par ailleurs, la rémunération des enseignants est très insignifiante et les conditions d’exercice de la profession enseignante laisse à désirer. Enfin, le système scolaire souffre d’un déficit de pilotage, de gouvernance et d’efficacité externe.Pour accompagner les décideurs politiques haïtiens et planificateurs nationaux dans leurs stratégies d’action en faveur de l’éducation pour tous, les principales organisations multilatérales, notamment la Banque mondiale, mettent en œuvre le Projet d’Education pour tous (EPT I et II). Spécifiquement, le Projet d’Ecoles Publiques à Gestion Communautaire (EPGC) cible la scolarisation primaire universelle (SPU) dans des milieux ruraux défavorisés où l’accès à l’enseignement primaire de base demeure un bien rare, voire inexistant dans les régions ciblées. Par l’aide. Cependant, malgré les divers projets ou programmes d’aide internationaux dédiés notamment à l’expansion de la scolarisation universelle sur l’ensemble du territoire national du pays, atteindre l’éducation pour tous est très aléatoire.Les conclusions de l’enquête empirique montrent que de nombreuses difficultés nuisent à la mise en œuvre effective de l’aide et ceci tant au niveau central, départemental et communal. Les données collectées sur le terrain indiquent un impact significatif sur la participation des acteurs locaux dans la gestion des affaires éducatives. Sur le plan des réalisations éducatives, les analyses de l’investigation confirment des effets sur les taux nets d’accès à l’école ainsi qu’un impact appréciable sur la parité filles-garçons. Les conclusions de l’enquête révèlent quelques effets pervers par exemple sur la qualité de l’école, des dynamiques locales, ainsi que des modes d’organisation administrative et de gestion pédagogique du système scolaire dans les zones allocataires ciblées pour la mise en application du Projet EPGC. Aussi, l’objectif de l’éducation pour tous ne sera pas atteint en Haïti et le chemin semble encore long.In Haiti, the public effort for education is insufficient. Primary education is underdeveloped and is of low quality. Despite substantial progress made during the last twenty five years, the country is still far behind from achieving the goal of Education for All (EFA). The latest available statistics indicate that more than 4.5 million girls and boys are currently outside the school system. Abandonment, repetition, bad grouping of students and poor educational support reflect negatively on learning achievement. Teachers' salaries are insignificant and teaching conditions deprived. Hence, the school system suffers a deficit of control, governance and external efficiency.To accompany Haitian national planners and policy makers in their strategies for universal education, major multilateral organizations, including the World Bank, implement the Project Education for All (EFA I and II) also called. Through a program called “Project for Public Schools to Community Management (PPSCM)” they aim to achieve universal primary education in some disadvantaged rural areas where access to basic primary education remains inadequate or nonexistent. However, despite the various projects or international aid programs dedicated to the expansion of universal education all over Haiti, the goal of achieving Education for All is far from being reached.The findings of our empirical analysis show, the positive effect of international aid on school access and its significant impact on gender parity in Haiti. On the other hand, it exposes many difficulties that obstruct an effective implementation of international aid for education in Haiti at central, departmental and communal levels. The data collected in the field point out some negative effects, for example on the quality of the school, local dynamics, as well as administrative organization methods and educational management of the school system in areas where the PPSCM is implemented. The conclusion of this study reveals that the goal of Education for All will not be achieved and there still is a long way to go to provide school to all children in Haiti
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BIANCHESSI, ANDREA. "COOPERAZIONE INTERNAZIONALE PER LO SVILUPPO: IL RUOLO DELLA SOCIETA' CIVILE NELLE POLITICHE DELLA BANCA MONDIALE E DELL'UNIONE EUROPEA". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/307.
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La presente tesi di dottorato valuta i rapporti tra le organizzazioni della società civile e le istituzioni internazionali nel sistema della cooperazione per lo sviluppo, attraverso l'analisi delle politiche della Banca Mondiale e dell'Unione Europea, che risultano gli attori multilaterali più rilevanti nell'allocazione e gestione dei finanziamenti dell'Aiuto Pubblico allo Sviluppo (APS).
Nel quadro di relazioni cooperative-dialettiche, si verificano le funzioni degli interlocutori della società civile nel rapporto con le due organizzazioni internazionali e i livelli di partnership. Si analizzano alcuni nodi problematici come la valutazione della performance dei progetti delle organizzazioni della società civile (OSC), per verificarne il valore aggiunto; la dicotomia tra un approccio top-down e bottom-up nella pianificazione di processi di sviluppo locale; la rappresentatività e l'efficacia del contributo delle OSC alla global governance per lo sviluppo.
Si presentano anche due casi empirici di progetti realizzati da una stessa OSC, finanziati dalle due istituzioni considerate, al fine di favorire, attraverso l'analisi “micro”, la comprensione di eventuali diversità rispetto al quadro teorico, alle procedure sul “ciclo di progetto” e ai rilevamenti quantitativi presentati. Complessivamente, emerge che la cooperazione tra OSC e le istituzioni internazionali ha maggiori benefici che costi e conduce ad una partnership win-win per entrambi.The present PhD thesis considers the relationships between the organisations of civil society and the international institutions in development cooperation's system through the analysis of the World Bank's and the European Union's policies. In the frame of cooperative and dialectic relationships will be verified the functions of the interlocutors of the civil society in relationship with the two international organisations and levels of partnership. Some problematic knots will be analysed such as the evaluation of projects' performance of the organisations of the social society (OSC) in order to verify the added value; the dichotomy between a top-down and bottom-up approach in the process planning of the local development; the representation and effectiveness of the OSC's contribution to the global governance for development. Two empirical cases of projects realised by an OCE will be showed. These are financed by the two above considered institutions in order to favour, through a “micro” analysis, the comprehension of possible differences regard to the theoretical picture, to the procedures of the project cycle and to the quantitative showed survey. Altogether it appears that the cooperation between the OSC and the international institutions has more benefits than costs and leads to a win-win partnership.
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BIANCHESSI, ANDREA. "COOPERAZIONE INTERNAZIONALE PER LO SVILUPPO: IL RUOLO DELLA SOCIETA' CIVILE NELLE POLITICHE DELLA BANCA MONDIALE E DELL'UNIONE EUROPEA". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/307.
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La presente tesi di dottorato valuta i rapporti tra le organizzazioni della società civile e le istituzioni internazionali nel sistema della cooperazione per lo sviluppo, attraverso l'analisi delle politiche della Banca Mondiale e dell'Unione Europea, che risultano gli attori multilaterali più rilevanti nell'allocazione e gestione dei finanziamenti dell'Aiuto Pubblico allo Sviluppo (APS).
Nel quadro di relazioni cooperative-dialettiche, si verificano le funzioni degli interlocutori della società civile nel rapporto con le due organizzazioni internazionali e i livelli di partnership. Si analizzano alcuni nodi problematici come la valutazione della performance dei progetti delle organizzazioni della società civile (OSC), per verificarne il valore aggiunto; la dicotomia tra un approccio top-down e bottom-up nella pianificazione di processi di sviluppo locale; la rappresentatività e l'efficacia del contributo delle OSC alla global governance per lo sviluppo.
Si presentano anche due casi empirici di progetti realizzati da una stessa OSC, finanziati dalle due istituzioni considerate, al fine di favorire, attraverso l'analisi “micro”, la comprensione di eventuali diversità rispetto al quadro teorico, alle procedure sul “ciclo di progetto” e ai rilevamenti quantitativi presentati. Complessivamente, emerge che la cooperazione tra OSC e le istituzioni internazionali ha maggiori benefici che costi e conduce ad una partnership win-win per entrambi.The present PhD thesis considers the relationships between the organisations of civil society and the international institutions in development cooperation's system through the analysis of the World Bank's and the European Union's policies. In the frame of cooperative and dialectic relationships will be verified the functions of the interlocutors of the civil society in relationship with the two international organisations and levels of partnership. Some problematic knots will be analysed such as the evaluation of projects' performance of the organisations of the social society (OSC) in order to verify the added value; the dichotomy between a top-down and bottom-up approach in the process planning of the local development; the representation and effectiveness of the OSC's contribution to the global governance for development. Two empirical cases of projects realised by an OCE will be showed. These are financed by the two above considered institutions in order to favour, through a “micro” analysis, the comprehension of possible differences regard to the theoretical picture, to the procedures of the project cycle and to the quantitative showed survey. Altogether it appears that the cooperation between the OSC and the international institutions has more benefits than costs and leads to a win-win partnership.
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Мутичко, Ю. В. "Управління офіційними резервними активами центральних банків". Thesis, Одеський національний економічний університет, 2020. http://dspace.oneu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/12357.
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У роботі наведено теоретичні аспекти, що стосуються даної теми, а також охарактеризовано способи формування та використання офіційних резервних активів НБУ; проведено аналіз складу, динаміки та структури ЗВР, валютних інтервенцій НБУ, а також досліджено достатність золотовалютних резервів за різними критеріями; проаналізовано світовий досвід формування та використання офіційних резервних активів, визначено проблеми, що виникають у цих процесах. Розроблені теоретичні та практичні положення, що ґрунтуються на міжнародному досвіді, можуть бути використані Національним банком
України для формування та використання офіційних резервних активів. Під час проведення дослідження використовувалися методи: аналізу;yзaгaльнення;системaтизaцiя; пoрiвняння;кореляційно-регресійний метод.The work presents theoretical aspects related to this topic, as well as describes the methods of formation and use of official reserve assets of the NBU; an analysis of the composition, dynamics and structure of foreign exchange reserves, foreign exchange interventions of the NBU, as well as the adequacy of gold and foreign exchange reserves by various criteria; the world experience of formation and use of official reserve assets is analyzed, the problems arising in these processes are defined. The developed theoretical and practical provisions, based on international experience, can be used by the National Bank of Ukraine for the formation and use of official reserve assets. During the study, the following methods were used: analysis;generalization; systematization; comparison, correlation-regression method.
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KUMARAN, R. "STUDY ON FINANCIAL INCLUSION STATUS IN INDIA". Thesis, 2020. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/18753.
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Financial inclusion refers to the delivery of financial services at affordable costs to all
sections, including disadvantaged and low-income groups. The Government of India and
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) have been taking various initiatives to promote financial inclusion
which include increasing presence of commercial bank branches and through Business
Correspondents/Bank Mitra network to bring the majority of the population to the formal
financial services set-up, who are otherwise excluded and obtain credit from money-lenders
for higher rate of interests, further getting trapped in the clutches of debt.
The epoch-making financial inclusion scheme namely Pradhan Mantri Jan DhanYojana (PMJDY) has been launched by the Government of India on 15th August 2014,
which is a pan-India mission for promoting Financial Inclusion by ensuring access to financial
services, such as Savings in banks and Deposit Accounts, Insurance, Credit, Remittance and
Pension in an affordable manner.
Aim of this study is to analyse some of the access to financial inclusion indicators such
as number of banking outlets per 1,00,000 adults, number of ATMs per 1,00,000 adults across
the country. Status of PMJDY Accounts is also analysed across the country. Correlation study
is also conducted to know the correlation between Financial Inclusions Indicators and
Economic Indicators. Moreover, a survey was conducted among Bank Officials across the
country to analyse the financial inclusion status in the country and measures to improve it.
The analysis of the study presented the status of financial inclusion in the country and
suggests “Recommendations to improve the financial inclusion status in India” to the
policy-makers to achieve a higher rate of financial inclusion in the country thereby aiding in
inclusive economic development.
Książki na temat "BAMK OFFICIALS"
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Looking back. Boralesgamuwa: L.M. Samarasinghe, 2006.
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illustrator, Rice Georgia, red. The official librarian: Bessy's back. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse, 2009.
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Ghana, Bank of. Official website of Bank of Ghana. Accra: Bank of Ghana, 1999.
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Association, Irish Bank Officials'. 70 years a-growing: 1918-1988. [Dublin]: Irish Bank Officials' Association, 1988.
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Martin, Breheny, red. Back to the hill: The official biography. Dublin: Blackwater Press, 1997.
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DeMaria, Rusel. Super Empire Strikes Back: Official Game Secrets. Rocklin, CA: Prima Publishing, 1993.
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Handling change: A history of the Irish Bank Officials' Association. Cork: Collins Press, 2012.
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Jalil, Azizul. Turbulence and tranquillity. Dhaka: University Press, 2005.
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Ribeiro, Gustavo Lins. Planet bank: Ethnic diversity in the World Bank = Planeta banco : diversidad étnica en el Banco Mundial. Brasília: Departamento de Antropologia, Universidade de Brasília, 2001.
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Todd, Gold, red. Bark at the moon: The official Osbourne pet book. New York: MTV books/Pocket books, 2002.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "BAMK OFFICIALS"
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Zizka, Laura, Meng-Mei Chen, Effie Zhang i Amandine Favre. "Hear No Virus, See No Virus, Speak No Virus: Swiss Hotels’ Online Communication Regarding Coronavirus". W Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2021, 441–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65785-7_43.
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AbstractTourism is a lucrative business, and Swiss hotels rely heavily on international clientele to book their rooms. The Coronavirus pandemic has halted travel and hotel stays from March to June 2020. Based on Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT), this paper investigates the messages Swiss hotels have posted on their official websites and Facebook pages to reassure guests that it is safe to book rooms in Switzerland again. The findings from 73 independent 4 and 5-star hotels show that most hotels did not publish messages regarding the Coronavirus or the measures they have taken; instead, the hotels posted positive messages about reopening their rooms and services. Official hotel websites emphasized deals and offers while the Facebook pages concentrated on enthusiastic ‘welcome back’ messages. The findings presented here contribute to the literature by offering the first results of a larger project on communication during the de-confinement stage of a pandemic.
2
Tamte, Roger R. "Officially a Yale Official". W Walter Camp and the Creation of American Football, 216–20. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252041617.003.0038.
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In 1899 a new Yale president (Arthur Hadley) makes Camp the effective “athletics director” at Yale, a paid part-time position. Camp is also named to the University Council, a new administrative organization generally comprising Yale professors; to give Camp appropriate academic credentials, Yale awards him an honorary master’s degree. Camp continues as an advisory football coach and in 1900 develops a set of tackle-back tandem plays (further developing plays first devised by Harry Williams), adding variation and deception to make the plays unusually effective; Camp reportedly develops American football’s first “mousetrap” play off this set of plays. Yale continues to have a dominant athletic record that sets them apart as an elite college athletic program and makes them a logical and famous setting for the adventures of Frank Merriwell.
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"Back Matter". W Canada’s Official Languages, 146–49. University of Ottawa Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvcwp0cg.14.
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"Back Matter". W Fifty Years of Official Bilingualism, 120–22. Wyd. 2. University of Ottawa Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2pwtn48.19.
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"Beyond the ‘Official’ Notion of Techne:". W Back to the Rough Ground, 315–56. University of Notre Dame Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvpj7dg7.16.
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Steiner, Andreas. "Accounting for Official Capital Flows". W Global Imbalances, Financial Crises, and Central Bank Policies, 5–26. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-810402-6.00002-5.
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"Speaking Back to Official Knowledge". W The Subaltern Speak, 279–92. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203623428-18.
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Nathanson, Constance A., i Henri Bergeron. "Litigation". W The Social Production of Crisis, 125—C6N28. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197682487.003.0006.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract Chapters 6 through 8 are labeled Blood Epistemology. Epistemology is defined as the nature and grounds of knowledge especially with reference to its limits and validity. These chapters examine and compare how various parties (courts, official commissions, political bodies, the press, academics) in the two countries framed what was known about HIV in the blood supply, when it was known, the limits and validity of that knowledge, and who (if anyone) among the multiple actors in this drama was responsible—for knowing and for acting on that knowledge. This chapter focuses on the courts. It begins with the trial of French blood bank and public officials in the summer of 1992 that was a public spectacle from its outset. Ironically, the blood bank officials were convicted under a theory of product liability that required defining blood as a consumer product, in direct contradiction to the French conception of blood as entirely outside the market. For reasons this chapter details, few court cases in the United States came to trial and almost none were successful.
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"Back Matter". W 50 ans de bilinguisme officiel, 120–22. Les Presses de l'Université d'Ottawa, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2pwtnhz.19.
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Reid, Peter H. "Government Officials Clarify the Situation". W Every Hill a Burial Place, 26–35. University Press of Kentucky, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813179988.003.0005.
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Tanzania Peace Corps director Paul Sack and Peace Corps doctor Tom McHugh fly to Mwanza, meet with attorneys, then fly to Maswa. In Maswa, they meet Bill, who appears to be suffering from a severe stress reaction; McHugh performs a postmortem on Peppy; and they fly back to Mwanza, where McHugh assists an eminent pathologist from Nairobi in a second and more complete autopsy. In Dar es Salaam, Peace Corps officials meet with Tanzania police officers to find out how the police plan to proceed, while Peace Corps medical staff deal with the complex issues of obtaining a coffin suitable for withstanding the heat and humidity, the proper medical exit authorization, and where to find an expert pathologist.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "BAMK OFFICIALS"
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ANWAR, Desvalini. "Teaching English Literature in the 'Contact Zone': Speaking Back to 'Official Nationalism'". W Sixth International Conference on Languages and Arts (ICLA 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icla-17.2018.72.
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Donia, Robert. "The Forgotten Thousands: The Historiography of World War II Rescues of Allied Airmen in Yugoslavia". W Međunaordna naučno-kulturološka konferencija “Istoriografija o BiH (2001–2017 )”. Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5644/pi2020.186.11.
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During World War II, Allied bombing of German-controlled petroleum refineries in Ploesti, Romania, diminished Axis fuel production but cost the Allies hundreds of planes and thousands of lives. Crews of many damaged planes flew partway back to Italy but were forced to crash-land their craft or bail out over Yugoslavia, where many landed on territory controlled by Partisans or Chetniks. Local Yugoslavs (mainly peasants), as well as both Chetniks and Partisans, welcomed them and gave them shelter. They were then evacuated by Allied transport aircraft (principally C-47s) that landed on makeshift airstrips maintained by Partisans or Chetniks. The historiography of these rescues may be divided into document-based studies, prepared principally by US military personnel based on official records; and memory-based studies by pro-Mihailović authors based principally on participant memoirs. Whereas memory-based studies uniformly adopted a Serb nationalist viewpoint, document-based studies showed no favoritism and portrayed various factions working in parallel to rescue Allied airmen. After Milošević fell in 2000, the Foreign Minister of Serbia and Montenegro, Vuk Drašković, in cooperation with the US Embassy, united the movement to valorize downed airmen and local efforts to rehabilitate Mihailović. Whether deliberately or not, US officials thereby undercut human rights activists in Serbia, and non-Serbs throughout the former Yugoslavia, who saw Mihailović as a war criminal, collaborator, and inspiration for war crimes and genocide in the wars of the 1990s.
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Hastuti, Irena Puspi, Erfan Effendi i Anita Anita. "K-Pop Merchandise Store (Perencanaan Pendirian Usaha Menjual Barang-barang Ikon Idol Korea)". W SEMINAR NASIONAL DAN CALL FOR PAPER 2020 FAKULTAS EKONOMI DAN BISNIS UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH JEMBER. UM Jember Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32528/psneb.v0i0.5176.
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eobo store adalah perencanaan usaha dibidang merchandise K-Pop yang memproduksi dan menjual barang Official yang di produksi oleh agensi idol tersebut maupun barang Unofficial yang di produksi sendiri atau dari supplier yang menjual barang tersebut. Yeobo Store ini memiliki keunggulan dalam menjalankan usahanya yaitu dengan membuat Id Card sebagai tanda pengenal konsumen dan memiliki keistimewaan dengan memberi potongan harga setiap pembelian barang official. Kami melakukan promosi untuk produk kami melalui media elektronik berbasis Facebook,Instagram,Line,Whatsapp. Kami juga melihat potensi dalam bisnis ini dari unsur keunggulan pasar ,sebab lima tahun terakhir ini K-Pop sangat mendunia hingga menjadi globalisasi budaya termasuk di Indonesia sendiri. Kegandrungan akan musik K-Pop membawa dampak tersendiri bagi penggemarnya sehingga banyak pihak menjadikan ini sebagai peluang bisnis yang sangat besar baik dibidang Fashion,Kecantikan maupun Industrial. Berdasarkan hasil analisis kelayakan usaha,maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa bisnis merchandise Yeobo Store dinyatakan layak untuk dijalankan dan memiliki peluang usaha yang sangat besar baik dimasa yang akan datang.
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Ganiev, Junus, Damira Baigonushova i Nevin Aydın. "The Relationship between Exchange Rate, Official Reserves and Money Supply in Kyrgyzstan". W International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01836.
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In recent years, there has been considerable instability in the exchange rates of many countries. This can directly affect macroeconomic stability on one side and monetary policy or rather money supply on the other. Because central banks are making interventions to the foreign exchange market by buying and selling foreign exchange in order to provide stability of exchange rate. As a result, both the official reserves and the money supply are constantly changing. Since Kyrgyzstan is a country dependent on imports in most commodities, the Central Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic sees the exchange rates’ stability as an important instrument of price stabilizing. However, such a policy may deteriorate the stability of the total money supply and adversely affect the economy. Therefore, in this study, it is aimed to examine the relations between exchange rate, money supply and official reserves by using 2002-2016 monthly data and cointegration method. Empirical results have shown that a change in the exchange rate causes opposite changes in both the reserves and the money supply as a result of the central bank’s interventions. However, more concrete recommendations on the effectiveness of monetary policy in Kyrgyzstan are required to make more detailed analysis.
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Motoryn, Ruslan, Tetiana Motoryna i Kateryna Prykhodko. "Use of official statistical data and methodology in teaching the subject «essential national accounting»". W Advances in Statistics Education: Developments, Experiences, and Assessments. International Association for Statistical Education, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/srap.15713.
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Сontent of teaching Essential National Accounting has transition to the International Standards. Statistics have wide spreading all over the globe. Today practically all countries and international organisations rely on the System of National Accounts (SNA) for evaluating economic performance, setting goals, etc. It is necessary to use the specialities of Internet for it learning by universities experience of the world best practice. We elaborated course “Essential National Accounting” for the training of official statisticians and teaching of students of Universities of Economics.We have used the data of Ukrainian Statistical Office, Central Bank of Ukraine and Global Statistics by Internet for the formation of Curricula for specialists on Statistics of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv and others Universities of Ukraine.
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Шаламберидзе, Хатуна, i Наргиза Каркашадзе. "МАРКЕТИНГОВОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ РЫНКА БАНКОВСКИХ ПРОДУКТОВ ГРУЗИИ". W Proceedings of the XXIX International Scientific and Practical Conference. RS Global Sp. z O.O., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_conf/25052021/7561.
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Today, the Georgian banking system is still at the stage of transformation and constant changes and it has not gone through all the stages of preparation for the market. The state is constantly striving to have healthy competition in the banking market and get the maximum result that the market can afford. According to the data published by the National Bank of Georgia, today 15 officially licensed commercial banks are officially registered, out of which 14 banks have foreign capital, which naturally sets high competition and standards. That is why it is important for banks to create products that will be acceptable to consumers. Banking products are becoming so necessary for everyday life that the interest and aspiration towards it is growing daily. From the above it becomes important to the bank Clients or the interested public to have complete and complete information about it.
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Galeotti, N. "A honokiol-enriched Magnolia officinalis Rehder & E.H. Wilson. bark extract alleviates neuropathic pain by inhibiting neuroinflammation". W GA – 69th Annual Meeting 2021, Virtual conference. Georg Thieme Verlag, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1736879.
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Erdoğan, Mahmut, Ainura Turdalieva i Raziya Abdiyeva. "Spatial Analysis of Subjective Well-Being Levels and Corruption across Regions in Kyrgyzstan". W International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c10.02088.
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Nowadays corruption becomes a universal phenomenon, which reduces the productivity of public administration, and causes harm to countries’ economic and social development. Consequently, it influences economic performance of Kyrgyzstan. The aim of this study is to visualize the spatial distribution of subjective well-being levels of individuals and personal perceptions and attitude towards corruption in 2016 by using the data provided by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development on district (rayon) level in Kyrgyzstan.
The findings of this paper show that there is positive spatial autocorrelation for unofficial payments or gifts to road police, public education, and receive medical treatments. Similarly, local government representatives, tax officials, police and judges have higher Moran’s I scores. In addition, obtained results from analysis will help to understand issues related to corruption in Kyrgyzstan.
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Panait, Ciprian, i Ciprian Panait. "THE NEW E-REGISTRATION AND ANALYSIS METHODS SUPPORT FOR OBJECTIFICATION OF THE TRAINING IN PERFORMANCE FOOTBALL GAME". W eLSE 2013. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-13-222.
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Performance in football supposes the development of all training components, taking into account the international technique, tactique and biological pattern (somatic, physiological, psychological, specific skills). Nowadays, the players participation, into the technical and tactical action during the game, asks for complex unfolding and execution forms, individually as well as collectively. We can say that the mentioned data like a football player runs during an official game about 10 km, the forwards run 8-9 km, the midfielders 9-10 km, the central defenders 7-8 km, the laterals back 8-9 km are in this moment exceeded. This statement would not have had a scientific basis without the new e-technologies, especially designed to objectively establish the efforts imposed by the official game to the players, depending on their position and to objectify the preparation in football. In this study we used MICOACH system. MICOACH registration and analyses system contributes to the training efficiency enhancement and determines the objectification of the entire preparing process which will be programmed and conceived depending on the real data, provided by the official game. Using the system provides us with real data concerning the type of the effort made and also a complex analysis of the players performance. All this information allows us to adapt the training for preparation process optimization and individualization.. As we will notice in the analysis provided by MICOACH, the effort is structured depending on volume and intensity; it is statistically and mathematically analyzed. Thus, the analysis structures the volume and the different intensities on specific effort ranges, as well as their placement on time or distance unities.
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Jerković, Emina. "LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE INTRODUCTION OF THE EURO AS THE OFFICIAL CURRENCY IN THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA". W The recovery of the EU and strengthening the ability to respond to new challenges – legal and economic aspects. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/22414.
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The 1992 Maastricht Treaty defined the conditions for the introduction of the euro as a common currency in the European Union. These are macroeconomic indicators that measure the level of nominal convergence achieved and thus the state’s readiness to participate in monetary union. These conditions (convergence criteria) relate to price stability, stability and sustainability of public finances, which includes budget deficits and public debt, exchange rate stability and convergence of long-term interest rates. In addition to nominal convergence, the degree of legal convergence is also assessed - the provisions of national legislation relating to the independence of the central bank, the ban on monetary financing and preferential access to state financing, and integration into the European System of Central Banks are assessed. Among the member states that have not yet adopted the euro, only the Republic of Croatia is fully harmonized in this regard. On July 10, 2020, the Croatian kuna was included in the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM II). Accessing the ERM II mechanism is often referred to as the euro waiting room. Despite the fact that the pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus has not abated, the Republic of Croatia has not stopped its efforts to become a full member of the euro area. The paper will present the benefits of the introduction of the euro, but also the inevitable costs incurred during the conversion process. As the pandemic has not slowed down the conversion process and the moment of conversion is approaching, on the other hand, there are conflicting views on the introduction of the euro as the official currency, which are trying to be implemented through a referendum. The paper will discuss the legal aspects of Croatia’s accession to the euro area and what measures are envisaged when exchanging the Croatian kuna for the euro, especially from the aspect of consumer protection, given the fact that Croatia has one of the highest euroization rates of all non-euro area EU member states.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "BAMK OFFICIALS"
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Kaye, Tom, Caspar Groeneveld, Caitlin Moss i Björn Haßler. Nepal “Ask me anything” Session: Responses to audience questions. EdTech Hub, maj 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53832/edtechhub.0014.
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On Thursday, 30 April 2020, the EdTech Hub participated in an “Ask me anything” session for policy-makers and funders in Nepal. The session focused on designing high-quality, effective, distance education programmes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants included high-level officials from the Nepalese government (e.g., the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, the Curriculum Development Office and the Education Review Office), representatives from development partners (e.g., the World Bank, UNICEF and USAID) and other education organisations (e.g., OLE Nepal). The session was convened for two purposes. First, to consider international good practice and current trends in distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic, presented by the World Bank EduTech team and the EdTech Hub. Second, for the EdTech Hub team to gather questions from participants, to be able to target guidance specifically to the situation in Nepal. This document provides answers to a consolidated list of 10 questions received from stakeholders during the session. To consolidate any overlap, we have occasionally combined multiple questions into one. In other cases, where multiple important issues required a focused response, we split apart questions.
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Parra-Polania, Julian A., Andrés Sánchez-Jabba i Miguel Sarmiento. Oral FX Interventions in Emerging Markets: the Colombian case. Banco de la República, luty 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1194.
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Do oral FX interventions (i.e. announcements made by central bank officials and economic authorities) influence the exchange rate behavior in emerging economies? Following an event study approach, we evaluate whether this type of interventions in the Colombian FX market have an impact on the level or volatility of the exchange rate (U.S Dollar / Colombian peso). We find there is no conclusive evidence of a statistically significant impact. This finding consistently arises across different subsamples and parameters. Robustness tests based on the exchange rate authority that makes the announcement or the mechanism used for actual interventions yield the same conclusion. We interpret these findings as possible evidence of the fact that higher levels of uncertainty (and hence lower credibility levels) or the predominance of global over domestic factors may reduce the effectiveness of oral interventions in emerging economies.
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Dedeken, Chiara, i Kevin Osborne. Repatriating FTFs from Syria: Learning from the Western Balkans. RESOLVE Network, październik 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/pn2021.23.wb.
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Four countries in the Western Balkan region (Kosovo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, and Montenegro) are in the top ten countries with the most foreign terrorist fighters (FTFs) per capita. The political will to repatriate FTFs remains strong, at least in the Western Balkans, despite delays in 2020 due to COVID-19. In other parts of the world, especially high-income countries, political will to repatriate is considerably lower. COVID-19 has further constrained nations in their efforts to repatriate law-abiding citizens, which is less controversial than FTF families. Based on discussions with government officials and security officers in the Western Balkans as well as international experts and donors, this policy note provides operational recommendations to move forward with repatriation, rehabilitation, and reintegration of returnees building on lessons from repatriations in Albania, Kosovo, and North Macedonia. It urges governments globally to double down on repatriation efforts and to call on experience from governments in the Balkans to bring back their FTFs now. The recommendations in this policy note are relevant to any country where political will to repatriate FTFs can be generated.
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Carreras, Marco, Stephany Griffith-Jones, José Antonio Ocampo, Jiajun Xu i Anne Henow. Implementing Innovation Policies: Capabilities of National Development Banks for Innovation Financing. Inter-American Development Bank, lipiec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004390.
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This comparative note describes common and distinct practices on capabilities to support the innovation activities of seven national development banks (NDB): BNDES (Brazil), CORFO (Chile), China Development Bank, CDB (China), BANCOLDEX (Colombia), Bpifrance (France), Korean Development Bank, KDB (South Korea), and NAFINSA (Mexico). The analysis studies the strategies followed by the selected NDBs for the design and implementation of innovation support programs and the capacities they need to be successful. Little is known about the experience of these NDBs in the world that have been the most successful in designing and implementing programs to support innovation. Building on the primary data collected through flexible semi-structured interviews with current or former NDBs officials, validated and supplemented by interviews with stakeholders outside the NDB, this study asks the following research questions: (i) What priority do NDBs assign to the financing of innovation projects?; (ii) Which operational models would be most effective in financing high-potential innovation projects, avoiding capture? Should they operate on the first and/or second tier?; (iii) What capabilities(a) governance; (b) technical (financial and technological); and (c) operational (implementation and sustainability)should NDBs develop to support innovation credit?; (iv) how, based on their contact with clients, can NDBs help identify market failures faced by innovative companies and thus produce and organize information on potential projects with high social returns?; and (v) What is the best framework for coordinating the work of the NDBs with the innovation agencies?
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Maldonado, Leonardo, i Víctor Olivo. Is Venezuela Still an Upper-Middle-Income Country? Estimating the GNI per Capita for 2015–2021. Inter-American Development Bank, grudzień 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004612.
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In the 2022 World Bank (WB) country classifications by income level, Venezuela is classified as an upper-middle-income country. Due to the lack of reliable official economic information from the Venezuelan regime, the WB ranked the country using its gross national income (GNI) of 2013. However, after 2013 Venezuela started to experience one of the largest economic collapses observed in Latin American history. We use three different approaches (the Atlas method, extrapolation, and an adjusted deflator) to obtain consistent and robust estimates of the GNI per capita for Venezuela up to 2021. Our findings reveal that Venezuela has been a lower-middle-income country since 2018 and suggest a 2021 GNI per capita of US$ 1,826 using the Atlas method, US$ 2,070 applying an extrapolation technique, and US$ 2,079 following an adjusted deflator. These results are substantially lower than the US$ 11,970 and US$ 13,080 reported by the WB for 2013 and 2014, respectively. A reconsideration of Venezuela's WB income-level classification could facilitate access to concessional conditions to internationally supported mechanisms.
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Khrushch, Nila, Pavlo Hryhoruk, Tetiana Hovorushchenko, Sergii Lysenko, Liudmyla Prystupa i Liudmyla Vahanova. Assessment of bank's financial security levels based on a comprehensive index using information technology. [б. в.], październik 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4474.
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The article considers the issues of assessing the level of financial security of the bank. An analysis of existing approaches to solving this problem. A scientific and methodological approach based on the application of comprehensive assessment technology is proposed. The computational algorithm is presented in the form of a four-stage procedure, which contains the identification of the initial data set, their normalization, calculation of the partial composite indexes, and a comprehensive index of financial security. Results have interpretation. Determining the levels of financial security and the limits of the relevant integrated indicator is based on the analysis of the configuration of objects in the two-scale space of partial composite indexes, which is based on the division of the set of initial indicators by content characteristics. The results of the grouping generally coincided with the results of the banks ranking according to the rating assessment of their stability, presented in official statistics. The article presents the practical implementation of the proposed computational procedure. To automate calculations and the possibility of scenario modeling, an electronic form of a spreadsheet was created with the help of form controls. The obtained results allowed us to identify the number of levels of financial security and their boundaries.
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Keo, Bunthea, Amira Abdelhamid i Eric Kasper. The Impact of Covid-19 Response Policies on Vulnerable Migrant Workers and Victims of Trafficking in Cambodia. Institute of Development Studies, czerwiec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/cc.2022.002.
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To date, the Government of Cambodia has issued at least 2,216 policies in response to Covid-19. These have largely been directed at limiting the spread of the Covid-19 within Cambodia, with clear attempts to mitigate the burden on economically- and socially-vulnerable groups. This study explored the ways in which the policy response to Covid-19 has been experienced by vulnerable migrant workers and people vulnerable to trafficking in persons. We interviewed seven social workers and independent experts, four migrant workers, and nine survivors of trafficking in order to gather evidence about gaps in the policies’ abilities to protect people and to identify mechanisms by which they impacted vulnerability. We find that, while the policies have attempted to provide protection to vulnerable groups, the majority of our respondents were not able to access it effectively. Workers in informal sectors have been particularly impacted by work stoppages since they have less bargaining power with employers and are much less able to access government unemployment support. Migrant workers trapped abroad faced hardships and discrimination, with many making risky journeys back to Cambodia or losing their regular migrant status. Border closure policies meant that many people were not able to safely return to Cambodia or travel for their livelihoods. This resulted in an increased reliance on brokers to cross borders illegally and to attempt to find work, which in turn increased risks of exploitation and trafficking at the very time when officials and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) were least able to monitor and identify violations.
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Price, Roz. Taxation and Public Financial Management of Mining Revenue in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), październik 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.144.
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This rapid review provides a summary of the evidence on the taxation and public financial management of mining revenues in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This is a very complex topic, with a large and growing literature base, a huge interest by donors, non-governmental organisations and businesses, with some conflicting information at times. In particular, specific data on provincial budgets and spending was not identified during this review. No specific information on public financial management in either of these provinces was identified during the course of this review. Given the burgeoning size of the literature base and the complexity of the mining sector in the DRC, this rapid review only provides a snapshot of the literature. It draws on academic, grey and donor literature sources. Some papers for further reading are highlighted. The report first provides a brief background discussion of general taxation in the DRC, the decentralisation process, and provincial public revenue management. The next section provides general information on the mining sector in the DRC, including the regulatory system and official duties, royalties and tax provisions. Section 4 goes into more detail about taxation and rent-seeking in the mining sector, touching on both large-scale mining (LSM) and artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM). The next section looks at smuggling of minerals in the DRC, with a focus on gold. Finally, some specific lessons learned were drawn from two World Bank projects and highlighted in the final section. Lessons and experiences from other mining-related projects are also highlighted throughout the report. Literature in French was not included in this rapid review, which may mean that some key documents were omitted.
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Rahmé, Marianne, i Alex Walsh. Corruption Challenges and Responses in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Institute of Development Studies, styczeń 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.093.
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The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) consistently scores in the lowest rungs of global indexes on corruption, integrity and wider governance standards. Indeed, corruption of different sorts pervades public and corporate life, with strong ramifications for human development. Although the DRC is one of the richest countries in the world in terms of natural resources, its people are among the globe’s poorest.Corruption in the extractive industries (minerals and oil) is particularly problematic in terms of scale and its centrality to a political economy that maintains elites and preserves the highly inequitable outcomes for the majority. The politico-economic elites of the DRC, such as former President Joseph Kabila, are reportedly significant perpetrators but multinationals seeking valuable minerals or offering financial services are also allegedly deeply involved. Corruption is therefore a problem with national and international roots.Despite national and international initiatives, levels of corruption have proven very stubborn for at least the last 20 years, for various reasons. It is a structural and not just a legal issue. It is deeply entrenched in the country’s political economy and is driven both by domestic clientelism and the fact that multinationals buy into corrupt deals. This rapid review therefore seeks to find out the Corruption challenges and responses in the Democratic Republic of Congo.Grand level corruption shades down into the meso-level, where for instance, mineral laden trucks are systematically under-weighted with the collusion of state officials. With severe shortfalls in public funding, certain public services, such as education, are supported by informal payments. Other instances of petty corruption facilitate daily access to goods and services. At this level, there are arguments against counting such practices as forms of corruption and instead as necessary survival practices.To address the challenge of corruption, the DRC is equipped with a legal system that is of mixed strengths and an institutional arsenal that has made limited progress. International programming in integrity and anti-corruption represents a significant proportion of support to the DRC but much less than humanitarian and governance sectors. The leading international partners in this regard are the EU, US, UNDP, UK, African Development Bank, Germany and Sweden. These partners conduct integrity programming in general governance issues, as well as in the mineral and forest sectors.The sources used in this rapid review are gender blind and converge on a very negative picture The literature ranges from the academic and practitioner to the journalistic and investigative, and taken as a whole, is of good quality, drawing on different types of evidence including perceptions and qualitative in-country research. The sources are mostly in English with two in French.
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Mahdavian, Farnaz. Germany Country Report. University of Stavanger, luty 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.180.
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Germany is a parliamentary democracy (The Federal Government, 2021) with two politically independent levels of 1) Federal (Bund) and 2) State (Länder or Bundesländer), and has a highly differentiated decentralized system of Government and administration (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit, 2021). The 16 states in Germany have their own government and legislations which means the federal authority has the responsibility of formulating policy, and the states are responsible for implementation (Franzke, 2020). The Federal Government supports the states in dealing with extraordinary danger and the Federal Ministry of the Interior (BMI) supports the states' operations with technology, expertise and other services (Federal Ministry of Interior, Building and Community, 2020). Due to the decentralized system of government, the Federal Government does not have the power to impose pandemic emergency measures. In the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to slowdown the spread of coronavirus, on 16 March 2020 the federal and state governments attempted to harmonize joint guidelines, however one month later State governments started to act more independently (Franzke & Kuhlmann, 2021). In Germany, health insurance is compulsory and more than 11% of Germany’s GDP goes into healthcare spending (Federal Statistical Office, 2021). Health related policy at the federal level is the primary responsibility of the Federal Ministry of Health. This ministry supervises institutions dealing with higher level of public health including the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), the Paul-Ehrlich-Institute (PEI), the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) and the Federal Centre for Health Education (Federal Ministry of Health, 2020). The first German National Pandemic Plan (NPP), published in 2005, comprises two parts. Part one, updated in 2017, provides a framework for the pandemic plans of the states and the implementation plans of the municipalities, and part two, updated in 2016, is the scientific part of the National Pandemic Plan (Robert Koch Institut, 2017). The joint Federal-State working group on pandemic planning was established in 2005. A pandemic plan for German citizens abroad was published by the German Foreign Office on its website in 2005 (Robert Koch Institut, 2017). In 2007, the federal and state Governments, under the joint leadership of the Federal Ministry of the Interior and the Federal Ministry of Health, simulated influenza pandemic exercise called LÜKEX 07, and trained cross-states and cross-department crisis management (Bundesanstalt Technisches Hilfswerk, 2007b). In 2017, within the context of the G20, Germany ran a health emergency simulation exercise with representatives from WHO and the World Bank to prepare for future pandemic events (Federal Ministry of Health et al., 2017). By the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, on 27 February 2020, a joint crisis team of the Federal Ministry of the Interior (BMI) and the Federal Ministry of Health (BMG) was established (Die Bundesregierung, 2020a). On 4 March 2020 RKI published a Supplement to the National Pandemic Plan for COVID-19 (Robert Koch Institut, 2020d), and on 28 March 2020, a law for the protection of the population in an epidemic situation of national scope (Infektionsschutzgesetz) came into force (Bundesgesundheitsministerium, 2020b). In the first early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, Germany managed to slow down the speed of the outbreak but was less successful in dealing with the second phase. Coronavirus-related information and measures were communicated through various platforms including TV, radio, press conferences, federal and state government official homepages, social media and applications. In mid-March 2020, the federal and state governments implemented extensive measures nationwide for pandemic containment. Step by step, social distancing and shutdowns were enforced by all Federal States, involving closing schools, day-cares and kindergartens, pubs, restaurants, shops, prayer services, borders, and imposing a curfew. To support those affected financially by the pandemic, the German Government provided large economic packages (Bundesministerium der Finanzen, 2020). These measures have adopted to the COVID-19 situation and changed over the pandemic. On 22 April 2020, the clinical trial of the corona vaccine was approved by Paul Ehrlich Institute, and in late December 2020, the distribution of vaccination in Germany and all other EU countries