Rozprawy doktorskie: „Bamboo structures”

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KRAUSE, JOAO QUEIROZ. "DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIAL BAMBOO ELEMENTS FOR SPACE STRUCTURES". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2009. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=31914@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
Nesta dissertação foram desenvolvidos elementos estruturais passíveis de industrialização, utilizando o bambu como matéria prima principal, dando prosseguimento às pesquisas desenvolvidas pelo grupo de Materiais e Tecnologias Não Convencionais nesta Instituição, desde o final da década de 1970. Foram elaborados nós em bambu laminado contraplacado e ponteiras em material compósito polimérico, manufaturado com resíduo particulado proveniente da laminação do bambu Dendrocalamus giganteus. Foram ainda estudados colmos da espécie Phyllostachys aurea reforçados por toda a sua extensão com sisal trefilado embebido em poliéster. Estes componentes são destinados fundamentalmente à construção de treliças espaciais, retilíneas ou arqueadas, do tipo grelha em múltiplas camadas, aliando sustentabilidade e variabilidade formal para projetos de coberturas. Mediante pequenas adaptações, estes elementos podem ainda encontrar uso em outros tipos de estrutura como domos geodésicos, tensegritys e treliças planas, de caráter temporário ou permanente. A partir da análise experimental de materiais e componentes e de dados obtidos em literatura específica estudaram-se, os esforços solicitantes e deslocamentos desenvolvidos em diferentes geometrias de estruturas, via modelagem em programa comercial de elementos finitos, obtendo-se vãos livres de até 12m e áreas cobertas sobre 4 apoios com capitéis de até 324 metros quadrados com vão livre de 9m e balanços de 4,5m, elaboradas utilizando estes elementos. Os procedimentos desenvolvidos foram satisfatórios, permitindo a execução de elementos passíveis de industrialização e estocagem, de aplicação versátil e com acabamento variado, favorecendo a convencionalização do uso do bambu como material de construção.
The research on non conventional materials and technologies has been carried out at the Civil Engineering Department of PUC-Rio since 1979, in order to stimulate its use in civil construction, reducing the pollution and the energy consumption provoked by industrialized materials such as steel and cement. To disseminate the application of the non-conventional materials and technologies (NOCMAT) in a very large scale, it is necessary to develop industrial methods to process them, ensuring high production with quality and durability. As a continuation of this line of research, the present study is concerned with the development of structural elements designed for space structures, using bamboo as the main material. For this purpose the bamboo Dendrocalamus giganteus, has been selected to prepare laminated composite for the joints. In turn, using its plaining residuals as an addition to a polyester matrix composite. This was molded as a conical capped connection designed and produced to provide safe links between the joints and the bar of the space truss elements. For the latter the Phyllostachys aurea bamboo transversally reinforced with a polyester treated sisal string along its entire length. These components were used to assemble plain or arched multiple layers space structures, binding sustainability and formal freedom to roof structures design. The load-displacement for different structural geometries were evaluated, using a commercial FEM software, based on the experimental data from this work and the available literature, presented 12m maximum free spans and 324 square meters covered area supported by four columns. The developed procedures were satisfactory, allowing the production of industrial processed elements, easy storage, different finishing and versatile application.

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RIPPER, LUCAS ALVES. "SOCIETY, NATURE AND TECHNIQUE: DESIGN OF THE ADAPTABLE BAMBOO STRUCTURES". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2015. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=25434@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
PROGRAMA DE DOUTORADO SANDUÍCHE NO EXTERIOR
O potencial de autoconstrução de estruturas adaptáveis de bambu é o foco deste trabalho que visa ampliar a ótica do design como método projetual com ênfase no processo e não no produto final e como produtor de significados, podendo gerar autonomia de grupos em uma produção local pautada na educação ambiental/sustentabilidade. A adaptabilidade destas estruturas é um conceito central onde o objeto e o seu processo construtivo é determinado pelas condições locais de material, mão de obra e demanda de uso. O campo do design se estabeleceu no Brasil de acordo com a ótica do desenho industrial concebido nos países desenvolvidos que prioriza a fabricação, distribuição e comercialização dos objetos em grande escala. Neste contexto a atividade projetual deixa de focar no ser humano para se dedicar ao consumo em massa. Acreditamos que por meio do design é possível formar cidadãos conscientes da problemática ambiental planetária conduzindo-os através de metodologias participativas desenvolvidas no LILD PUC-Rio. O meio acadêmico (universidades e escolas) se apresenta como contexto geográfico favorável para aplicação destas metodologias que se baseiam na autonomia de grupos para a produção de objetos utilitários localmente. A esfera local/ regional é o ponto de partida para a concepção do design do objeto, determinando recursos materiais disponíveis, demandas de uso e aspectos culturais. Destacamos a metodologia de Técnicas & Convivência onde os professores-técnicos orientam os alunos-voluntários na concepção, construção e uso das estruturas adaptáveis de bambu em diversas aplicações. Neste processo os voluntários são coautores e são levados a pensar o objeto a partir de seu ciclo de vida – concepção, fabricação, uso, manutenção e descarte/pós-uso. O bambu representa um material acessível, de grande resistência com versatilidade para ser aplicado em diversos usos e é explorado aqui para fins estruturais. A abordagem transdisciplinar envolvendo os campos do design, arquitetura, engenharia e geografia nos leva a uma analise complexa do processo construtivo e do objeto final, contextualizando a produção no espaço. Em estudos de campo no Brasil e nos EUA concluímos que esta ótica de design com base na produção em esfera local/regional pautada na educação ambiental/sustentabilidade, tem grande acessibilidade e pode ser potencializada a partir da colaboração transdisciplinar para outros usos na sociedade, seja com foco na educação, na autonomia produtiva ou no uso diversificado das estruturas adaptáveis de bambu.
The self-building potential of adaptable bamboo structures is the focus of this work that is aiming to enlarge the concept of design as a projetual method with emphasis on the process rather than the end product and as a producer of meanings, which can generate autonomy groups in a local production based in the environmental education / sustainability. The adaptability of these structures is a central concept where the object and its constructive process is determined by local conditions of material, labor and demand of use. The design field was established in Brazil in accordance with the perspective of industrial design in developed countries that prioritizes the production, distribution and marketing of large-scale objects. In this context the projetual activity fails to focus on the human being necessities to devote to mass consumption. We believe that through the design is possible to form citizens aware of global environmental issues leading them through participatory methodologies developed in LILD PUC-Rio. The academia (universities and schools) is presented as favorable geographic context for the application of these methodologies that are based on the autonomy of groups for the production of utilitarian objects locally. The local / regional level is the starting point for the design of object design, determining material resources available, use, social demands and cultural aspects. We are highlighting the methodology of Techniques & Coexistence where technicians-teachers guide the students-volunteers in the design, construction and use of adaptable bamboo structures in various applications. In this process the volunteers are co-authors and are led to think the object starting from his lifecycle - design, manufacture, use, maintenance and disposal / post-use. Bamboo is an accessible material; high strength with versatility to be applied to various uses and is explored here for structural purposes. The transdisciplinary approach involving the fields of design, architecture, engineering and geography leads to a complex analysis of the construction process and the final object, contextualizing the production space. In field studies in Brazil and the United States we concluded that this concept of design based in the local/regional production lined in the environmental education / sustainability, has great accessibility and can be enhanced from the transdisciplinary collaboration to other uses in society and is focusing on education, productive autonomy or diversified use of adaptable structures of bamboo.

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FABIANI, MARCO. "Bamboo structures: italian culms as likely resource for green buildings". Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242903.

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In questa tesi vengono mostrati i risultati delle prove di compressione, trazione e flessione effettuate su culmi di bambù di provenienza italiana. Le specie analizzate sono due e sono la Phyllostachys Edulis (MOSO) e la Phyllostachys Viridiglaucescens. Le prove sono state effettuate seguendo le norme ISO 22156 e ISO 22157, le uniche norme internazionali relative al bambù strutturale. Dai risultati ottenuti, sono stati successivamente definiti i valori caratteristici di resistenza a compressione e flessione dei culmi delle due specie italiane analizzate. Inoltre, è stato ideato e testato in laboratorio un nuovo e versatile collegamento per le strutture in bambù. Il collegamento, realizzato mediante un cilindro in legno solidarizzato con viti autofilettanti, è stato progettato in modo tale da essere prontamente impiegabile sia per la realizzazione di capriate sia per le strutture reticolari spaziali. La scelta di questa tipologia di collegamento è stata motivata da due aspetti principali. Il primo aspetto è che l’utilizzo di viti autofilettanti non richiede particolari capacità da parte del costruttore. Il secondo aspetto risiede nel fatto che per il fissaggio delle viti è richiesto un preliminare foro accomodante, il quale garantisce l’integrità del culmo durante l’avvitamento, evitando così spaccature longitudinali della canna di bambù. Nella seconda parte della tesi viene trattato il problema dell’instabilità lineare (linear buckling) per le aste sottoposte a sforzi di compressione, con la particolarità che la rigidezza flessionale sia variabile lungo l’asse longitudinale, caratteristica peculiare dei culmi di bambù. Primariamente viene esposta una breve introduzione storica del problema e, successivamente, viene proposto un metodo per la determinazione della soluzione approssimata in forma chiusa dell’equazione differenziale che regola il problema. Il metodo consiste nel rappresentare l’effettiva rigidezza flessionale, descritta da un polinomio di quinto grado, con una funzione lineare. Questo metodo permette altresì di valutare il carico critico euleriano attraverso una semplice formula, risultando così agevole per scopi professionali. Il metodo proposto, inoltre, permette di valutare approssimativamente in forma chiusa la deformata trasversale delle aste di bambù sottoposte a carico assiale eccentrico e in presenza di imperfezioni.
In this thesis the results of compression, tensile and bending tests on Italian bamboo culms are discussed. The analyzed bamboo are of two species, namely Phyllostachys Edulis (MOSO) and Phyllostachys Viridiglaucescens. These tests are carried out following the rules of ISO 22156 and ISO 22157. The characteristics values of the compressive and flexural strength of Italian bamboo culms are determined. A new and versatile connector for bamboo structures is developed and tested to evaluate its effectiveness. This connector is realized by wood parts and screws and it is appropriate for constructing trusses and space frames. The use of the screws to connect wood and bamboo is due to two main aspects. First, the screws are easy to use and no particular skill is needed. Second, no splitting arises along the culm since a preliminary drilling is needed to introduce the screw. In the second part of the thesis, the linear buckling problem of non-uniform columns is treated. Firstly, a brief overview of the history of the linear buckling is described. Since bamboo culms present non-uniform flexural stiffness along the length, an approach to evaluate the approximate analytical solution of the governing equation is presented. This method can calculate the critical load in a simple way, directly accessible to the designers. The proposed method gives a closed-form estimate of the bamboo column deflection, subjected to an eccentric axial load and initial curvature (crookedness).

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Chan, Cameron D. "MECHANICAL OPTIMIZATION AND BUCKLING ANALYSIS OF BIO-COMPOSITES". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2012. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/877.

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Today’s environmental concerns have led a renewed search in industry to find new sustainable materials to replace non-renewable resources. President Barack Obama also quoted in the recent 2012 Presidential Debate “that there is a need to build the energy sources of the future and invest in solar, wind, and bio-fuels.” Bio-composites are believed to be the future and the new substitute for non-renewable resources. Bio-composites are similar to composites in that they are made up of two constituent materials; however the main difference is that bio-composites are made from natural fibers and a biopolymer matrix. This research investigates the buckling behavior of bamboo and will analyze and determine the slender ratio that will induce buckling when bamboo is used as a column. Along with the investigation of the bamboo under buckling, this study will also show the potential of bio-composites to replace non-renewable resources in industry through experimental and numerical analysis. However, in order to study the buckling behavior of the bamboo, the mechanical characteristics of the bamboo and optimal curing treatment first had to be established. This is because, in order for bamboo to acquire proper strength characteristics, the bamboo must first be treated. Due to the scarcity of bamboo material in the lab, the obtainment of the mechanical properties of the bamboo as well as the optimal curing treatment was done in collaboration with Jay Lopez. In order for bamboo to acquire proper strength characteristics, the bamboo must be treated. In the first study, a total of four different types of natural treatments were analyzed to optimize the mechanical characteristics of bamboo. To assess each curing method, tensile and compression tests were performed to obtain the mechanical properties. Due to each bamboo culm having different thicknesses and cross sections, the specific strength property is used to normalize the data and allow for easy comparison and assessing of each curing method equally. The specific strength parameter is defined as the ultimate stress divided by the density of the material. These curing treatments consisted of four thermo-treatments, three different percentages of salt treatments, one lime treatment, and one oil treatment. The thermo-treatments consisted of heating the bamboo internodes in an autoclave with no pressure at 150oF, 180°F, 200°F, and 220°F. The experimental results of the thermo-treatments determined that bamboo obtains higher mechanical properties as well as reduced weight when heated at higher temperatures. This is explained by the increasing bound water extracted from the bamboo material at higher temperatures. In addition to finding the optimal heat treatment, the internodes of bamboo were soaked in natural additives that included a 3%, 6%, and 9% Instant Ocean sea salt solution, a Bonide hydrated lime solution, and a Kirkland canola oil solution for approximately five days and then heat treated at the optimal temperature of 220°F. The experimental results showed that all of the different additives had a significant effect on the mechanical properties. After determining the mechanical properties of each curing method, the results were then analyzed through a trade study. The trade study parameters consisted of weight-drop of the material, the specific strength, and the ultimate stress for both compression and tension. Each parameter of the trade study is kept unbiased as the weighting of each parameter is set equal to each other. The results of the trade study indicated that the 3% salt solution was the optimal curing treatment, yielding a higher specific strength value for both compression and tension, along with a significantly lower weight-drop after curing. After we came up with the optimal treatment, the buckling behavior of bamboo was investigated. The buckling analysis was investigated to determine at what slenderness ratio the bamboo would buckle when used as a column. A total of seven cases were investigated using different lengths, that ranged from 1.5” to 10”. Through experimental results, it was determined that a slenderness ratio above approximately 34.7 would induce global buckling to the bamboo column. The last investigation of this study consisted of building a small prototype wall structure using bio-composites. The prototype wall structure was manufactured using a combination of bamboo and a bi-directional woven hemp fabric. The dimensions of the prototype were 15.13” long and 7.75” tall. The wall structure was tested under compression in the Aerospace Structures/Composites Lab and the Architectural Engineering Department’s high bay laboratory. The results of the experimental test on the wall showed great potential for bio-composites, as the structure withstood a force of 46,800 pounds. A numerical analysis technique was also employed through the finite element method using the Abaqus software. The purpose of the finite element method was to validate the experimental results by comparing the buckling behavior of the tests. The numerical analysis showed very good agreement with the experimental results.

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SILVA, MARCELO DA FONSECA E. "ACCESSIBLE TECHNOLOGIES DEVELOPED BY LILD SPREAD WITH TRUSS LIGHT BAMBOO STRUCTURES: TIED AND SELF TENSIONED". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=35607@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
Nesta tese relato aplicações das estruturas leves de bambu. Na primeira parte do trabalho trato da história passada e da história contemporânea do emprego no mundo das estruturas estabilizadas pela união entre bambus e cabos. Os objetivos dessas estruturas, alguns dos seus precursores e suas experiências são citadas. O uso popular de estruturas feitas com esses materiais é tornado manifesto com imagens e textos referentes. A seguir tratamos dos modos artesanais de suas feituras e da passagem de sua técnica para espaços de convivência sendo enfatizado o efeito cultural do trabalho amoroso e detalhado de transmitir a maneira de fazer os objetos. Na segunda parte do trabalho apresento o estado da Arte no Laboratório de Investigação em Living Design (LILD), do Departamento de Artes e Design (DAD) da PUC-Rio, no campo destas estruturas. São narradas atividades de passagem das técnicas em 3 (três) comunidades situadas no estado do Rio de Janeiro: a) na aldeia dos professores indígenas KUAA MBO E Guarani em Parati, no LILD e no CENAM (Centro de Acolhida Missionária); b) no Parque Estadual da Ilha Grande (PEIG), na Escola Municipal Brigadeiro Nóbrega; c) na Escola de Circo no espaço Crescer e Viver com o grupo Nós nos Nós - tragédias e comédias aéreas. Relato também a metodologia utilizada em sua dinâmica as suas relações e vínculos, com a graduação e pós-graduação em Design e com outros setores da Universidade. São narradas a passagem das técnicas, a elaboração e uso dos protótipos. Distingo as conexões utilizadas nestas estruturas feitas com bambus e cabos, chamadas do tipo vigas recíprocas, popularmente chamadas de giro, que vem sendo utilizadas nacionalmente e internacionalmente.
In this thesis report applications of lightweight structures with bamboo. In the first part of the tract of past history and contemporary history of employment in the world of structures stabilized by the union of bamboo and cables. The objectives of these structures, some of its precursors and their experiences are cited. The popular use of structures made with these materials is made manifest in images and texts related. Below we deal with the ways of their craft and making the passage of his technique for living space and emphasized the cultural effect of loving work and detailed way forward to make the objects. In the second part of the present state of the art in the Research Lab in Living Design (Lild), Department of Art and Design (DAD) of PUC-Rio, in the field of these structures. Activities are recounted in passing techniques in 3 (three) communities located in the state of Rio de Janeiro: a) teachers in the village of indigenous Guarani KUAA MBO E in Parati, and Lild CENAM (Center Welcoming Mission), b)State Park of Ilha Grande (Peig), the Municipal School Brigadier Nóbrega c) at Circus School Living and Growing in space with the group We We - air tragedies and comedies. Account also the methodology used in its dynamics and its relations ties with undergraduate and graduate design and other sectors of the University. Are told the passage of the techniques, the development and use of prototypes. Distinguish the connections used in these structures made of bamboo and wire, called the reciprocal type beams, popularly called spin, which is being used nationally and internationally.

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Andrade, Molina Vanessa Mishell. "Bambú en la construcción análisis de diferentes casos de estudio con sistemas constructivos en bambú". Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/26322.

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En la arquitectura el uso de materiales naturales ha sido implementado desde la antigüedad. Uno de los primeros materiales utilizados fue el bambú, el mismo que por sus características físicas y mecánicas ha trascendido hasta la actualidad convirtiéndose en una de las opciones más acertadas para crear arquitectura sustentable y de gran calidad. Los principales continentes que hacen uso de este material son Asia y América, en específico la zona de Latinoamérica, debido a que cuentan con las características propicias para su desarrollo y uso en la construcción. Serán destacados métodos de tratamiento, secado, unión y aplicación en obra más comunes en estos continentes, asimismo serán analizados dos casos de estudio que utilizan el bambú como elemento principal del proyecto. El primer referente es “Bamboo Sports Hall Panyaden International School” localizado en Tailandia (Asia), mientras que el referente Latinoamericano es el edificio de dormitorios de “La Ceiba” localizado en México; ABSTRACT: In architecture the use of natural materials has been implemented since ancient times. Bamboo was one of the first materials used in construction, which, due to its physical and mechanical characteristics, has transcended until nowadays, becoming one of wisest option for creating sustainable and high quality architecture. The main continents that make use of this material are Asia and America, specifically Latin America, due to their characteristics that enhance their development and use in construction. The most common treatment, drying, structural joints, and application methods on these continents will be highlighted, as well as two case studies that use bamboo as the main element of the project. The first reference is “Bamboo Sports Hall Panyaden International School” located in Thailand, while the Latin American reference is the “La Ceiba” dormitory building located in Mexico; RESUMO: Na arquitetura, utilizam-se materiais naturais desde a antiguedade. Um dos primeiros materiais a serem utilizados foi o bambú, que, devido às suas características físicas e mecânicas, transcendeu até à atualidade, tornando-se uma das opções mais bem-sucedidas na criação de uma arquitetura sustentável e de elevada qualidade. Os principais continentes que fazem uso deste material são a Ásia e a América, especificamente a zona da América Latina, pois possuem características propícias para o seu desenvolvimento e uso na construção. Nesta dissertação destacam-se os principais métodos de tratamento, secagem, união e aplicação do bambú nesses continentes, além de dois casos de estudo que usam o bambu como principal material de construção. O primer projeto que foi analizado foi o “Bamboo Sports Hall Panyaden International School” localizado na Tailândia, enquanto que o segundo projeto foi o edifício do dormitório “La Ceiba” localizado no México na Latino-américa.

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Gonzalez, Cesar O. "The use of bamboo in architecture : case study : Old Caldas, Colombia". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0029/MQ64113.pdf.

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Lopez, Jay. "Optimizing the Mechanical Characteristics of Bamboo to Improve the Flexural Behavior for Biocomposite Structural Application". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2012. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/902.

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Global awareness and preservation have spurred increasing interest in utilizing environmentally friendly materials for high-performance structural applications. Biocomposites pose an appealing solution to this issue and are characterized by their sustainable lifecycles, biodegradable qualities, light weight, remarkable strength, and exceptional stiffness. Many of these structural qualities are found in applications that exhibit flexural loading conditions, and this study focuses on improving the bending performance of engineered biocomposite structures. The current application of biocomposites is increasing rapidly, so this expanding research explores other natural constituent materials for biocomposite structures under flexural loading. The renewable material investigated in this study was experimentally and numerically validated by optimizing the mechanical characteristics of bamboo fibers in biocomposite structures under flexural loading conditions through various thermal and organic chemical treatment methods. Therefore, bending performance of a biocomposite truss and I-beam are analyzed to demonstrate the benefits of utilizing optimally treated bamboos in their design. To accomplish this goal, the first task consisted of treating bamboos by thermal and chemical means to determine the resulting effects on the compressive and tensile mechanical properties through experimental testing. Results indicated a significant improvement in strength, stiffness, and weight reduction. An extensive analysis determined the optimal treatment method that was utilized for flexural loading conditions. The second task entailed studying the flexural behavior of the optimally treated bamboo in two geometric configurations, a hollow cylinder and veneer strip, to determine the resultant properties for the truss and I-beam structure. The effect of node location on flexural performance was also studied to establish design guidelines for the applied structures. Bending tests indicated that node location affects the strength and stiffness of the hollow cylindrical configuration but has minimal effects on the veneer strip. Observations discovered by this study were employed into the designs of the applied structures that yielded excellent mechanical performance through flexural testing. The final task required conducting a finite element analysis in Abaqus/CAE on the performance of each structural application to validate experimental results. A conclusive analysis revealed good agreement between the numerical method and experimental result.

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Ballesté, Joan Font. "Desempenho construtivo de estruturas de cobertura com colmos de bambu". Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16132/tde-21122017-103248/.

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O foco desta pesquisa é o estudo do desempenho de colmos de bambu em estruturas de cobertura. A arquitetura do século XXI precisa de novos modelos de produção e novos materiais para possibilitar o desenvolvimento sustentável do planeta. O bambu é um material renovável, com custos de produção baixo, pegada ecológica positiva e de qualidade física excelente; mas existe um desconhecimento bastante generalizado sobre o seu uso na construção civil. Esta lacuna é ainda maior quando se procura entender seu comportamento estrutural ao longo do tempo. Entre os vários requisitos para avaliar o desempenho do material, quando é o elemento portante de uma construção, destacam-se dois que são essenciais: a estabilidade e a durabilidade. Neste trabalho procura-se, em primeiro lugar, compreender o comportamento físico-mecânico do material na composição microscópica e macroscópica para delimitar sua segurança estrutural, e em segundo lugar, examinar aqueles processos que, desde o crescimento da planta até à sua utilização em obra, determinam a vida útil do material. São também analisadas as práticas construtivas e ações de projeto que condicionam transversalmente estas duas exigências de desempenho, junto com um levantamento de estudos de caso que visa criar novos critérios de design de estruturas e soluções construtivas. Esta pesquisa procura expor os pontos fortes e fracos da atual construção com bambu, para que os primeiros sejam potencializados e os segundos sejam corrigidos.
The focus of this research is the study of the performance of bamboo in coverage structures. The architecture of the 21st century needs new production models and new materials to enable the sustainable development of the planet. Bamboo is a renewable material, with low production costs, positive ecological footprint and excellent physical-mechanical properties; but there is a rather general lack of knowledge about its use in civil construction. This gap is even greater when one tries to understand its structural behaviour over time. Among the various requirements to evaluate the performance of the material, when it is the structural element in a construction, two that stand out are essential: stability and durability. In this work, the understanding of the physical and mechanical behaviour of the material in the microscopic and macroscopic composition is sought first to delimit its structural safety, and secondly, examining the processes that, since the plants\'s growth until its usage in work, determine the useful life of the material. It is also analyzed the constructive practices and project actions that condition transversally these two performance requirements, along with a survey of case studies that aim to create new criteria of structure design and building solutions. This research seeks to export the strengths and weaknesses of the current construction with bamboo, so the first may be potentialized and the latter corrected.

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VERSCHLEISSER, ROBERTO. "THE USE OF STRUCTURES MADE OF BAMBOO FOR THE DESIGN OF OBJECTS: HOW TO BUILD LOW COST, RESISTANT, LIGHT AND ECOLOGICAL OBJECTS". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2008. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=12258@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Até hoje a maioria das construções empregam técnicas materiais e processos inadequados, resultando em enorme perda de energia e pouco ganho na relação custo/benefício. A grande maioria das pessoas envolvidas com problemas de construção não se conscientizou ainda do fato que construímos de maneira errada, consumindo materiais e energia em excesso em relação aos resultados obtidos. Ao longo de toda a história da construção conhecida, o homem se serviu da força da Gravidade para conseguir a estabilidade das suas estruturas. Nas grandes obras antigas e atuais os materiais empregados: pedra, tijolo, ferro, cimento são de pouca eficácia construtiva quando consideramos a relação resistência/peso. Tomando por base as teorias e experiências com a técnica tensegrity de se montar estruturas, desenvolvidas por Keneth Snelson e Richard Buckminster Fuller, e partindo dos estudos com estruturas empregando bambu como elemento comprimido que vêm sendo desenvolvidos à 20 anos pelo LILD/PUC- Laboratório de Investigação de Living Design (antigo LOTDP), além de aplicar os princípios físicos da Tensegrity como técnica de construção, propõe-se aqui o desenvovimento de objetos físicos inéditos para utilização em áreas remotas ou de Proteção Ambiental. Estas estruturas são feitas em material natural reciclável e biodegradável, de fácil manejo, e utilizam tecnologia de baixa complexidade para a sua montagem. Elas são pouco invasivas porque, sendo auto-portantes, dispensam fundações pesadas para existir e resistir.
Till our days most of the constructions of buildings make use of very inadequate and obsolete materials resulting in a huge waste of energy and little gain in the relation cost/benfit. However, many people involved with construction problems, did not realize the fact that we build the wrong way consuming materials and energy in excess in relation to the desired goals. Along the known history of construction men served themselves only of the force of Gravity to obtain the stability of their structures. In all great, ancient and actual constructions, the materials employied, such as: stone, brick, iron, concrete, are of low building efficiency if we consider the relation strength/weight. Taking into account the theories and experiences with tensegrity techniques developed by Keneth Snelson and Richard Buckminster Fuller, and, starting from the studies with bambu structures, where bambu is the only compressed element, which is in course for 20 years now in the LILD- PUC-Rio (Laboratory of Living Design (former LOTDP), and applying the physical principles of Tensegrity as a building technique, our goal here is to develop real objects to be used in remote areas or National Parks. These structures, because of the reciclable materials of which they are made, are very easy to manipulate and need very low technology for the constructions made with them. Finally these structures are harmless to the environment because they are self suporting exempting the need of heavy foundations to exist and resist.

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Greco, Silvia. "Il Bambù italiano: proprietà meccaniche e connessioni assiali per prospettive sostenibili". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/15015/.

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Il bambù è un materiale naturale che armonizza ottime prestazioni meccaniche con caratteristiche di sostenibilità ambientale, economica e sociale. In tempi recenti è stato rivalutato in ambito strutturale ricevendo crescente attenzione anche nella ricerca. In Italia, l’approccio culturale, la scarsa conoscenza e la mancanza di un apparato normativo a riguardo, ne ostacolano la diffusione. In questa tesi ci si propone l’obiettivo di contribuire alla ricerca sul bambù strutturale, nella direzione della costruzione di un sistema di conoscenze e regole che possano in futuro conferirgli i medesimi diritti dei materiali il cui utilizzo è consentito e disciplinato dalla normativa. Viene condotta una ricerca mirata alla progettazione e realizzazione di prove di carattere sperimentale per descrivere le caratteristiche meccaniche del bambù, che non può contare su standard di procedure consolidati e validi universalmente per specie e provenienze diverse. Individuando inoltre come punto debole della progettazione le connessioni tra elementi strutturali, si indaga il comportamento di due tipi di connessione assiale eseguiti con tecniche della tradizione costruttiva. Il risultato, mette in luce come le caratteristiche meccaniche del bambù di provenienza italiana siano all’altezza di quelle dei paesi dove è comunemente utilizzato con ottimi risultati strutturali, proponendosi come alternativa nel campo edile nazionale, in una prospettiva di sostenibilità.

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Sweeney, Benjamin Andrew. "The Effect of Biocomposite Material In A Composite Structure Under Compression Loading". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2017. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1932.

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While composite structures exhibit exceptional strength and weight saving possibilities for engineering applications, sometimes their overall cost and/or material performance can limit their usage when compared to conventional structural materials. Meanwhile ‘biocomposites’, composite structures consisting of natural fibers (i.e. bamboo fibers), display higher cost efficiency and unique structural benefits such as ‘sustainability’. This analysis will determine if the integration of these two different types of composites are beneficial to the overall structure. Specifically, the structure will consist of a one internal bamboo veneer biocomposite ply; and two external carbon fiber weave composite plies surrounding the bamboo biocomposite. To acquire results of this study, the hypothesized composite structure will consist of varied trapezoidal corrugated specimens and tested in uniaxial compression loading. Thereafter, this test data will be used to ultimately design, manufacture, and test a structural biocomposite/composite box, intended to carry extremely high compressive loads; relative to its own weight. A finite element analysis of this test will be used to validate experimental data. After running the experiment, the carbon fiber with bamboo test sample results were compared to that of only carbon fiber test sample. The carbon fiber samples resulted in a maximum compressive load difference of only 23% higher loads when compared to the carbon fiber with bamboo, on average. These findings are discussed throughout.

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Lozano, Peña Jorge Enrique. "Determinación de los esfuerzos últimos de la Guadua Angustifolia en la región andina de Colombia correlacionada con variables de clima". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/165379.

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[ES] En el año 2010, el Reglamento colombiano de construcción sismoresistente (NSR-10) estableció el procedimiento de diseño basado en el método de los esfuerzos admisibles para utilizar la Guadua angustifolia Kunth como material de construcción. En la región Andina de Colombia hay gran presencia de bosques naturales de Guadua. Sin embargo, las condiciones geográficas y ambientales (temperatura, pluviosidad, altura sobre el nivel del mar, etc.) dificultan el aprovechamiento de este material para la construcción. Más aún, su localización se encuentra principalmente en lugares de difícil acceso, generando, además de una gran dispersión en sus propiedades físico mecánicas, grandes costes económicos asociados a la caracterización mecánica del material para su uso en aplicaciones estructurales. Por ello, nace la necesidad de plantear un sistema simplificado que permita estimar las propiedades mecánicas de la Guadua, que se pueda ejecutar en cualquier lugar remoto y que también reduzca los costes asociados al transporte de muestras y pruebas de laboratorio. Esta tesis doctoral propone una metodología que permite determinar las características mecánicas de la Guadua angustifolia que crece en la región Andina de Colombia. Se ha llevado a cabo una amplia campaña experimental donde se realizaron 2917 ensayos de laboratorio que tuvieron en cuenta variables como la procedencia, la temperatura y la pluviosidad, así como el diámetro y espesor de pared del tallo. Con ayuda de análisis estadísticos que permitieron eliminar los datos atípicos obtenidos de los ensayos, se han evaluado las propiedades mecánicas de la Guadua: resistencia a tracción, compresión, corte y flexión. Dichas variables se han correlacionado mediante modelos estadísticos para así determinar su relación con los esfuerzos mecánicos resultantes de la campaña experimental. Estos modelos estadísticos, basados y calibrados con multitud de datos experimentales, han perseguido la predicción de los valores de esfuerzo últimos del material antes de su extracción en el bosque y directamente desde un trabajo sencillo de campo. Los resultados y conclusiones alcanzadas en esta tesis doctoral serán de gran utilidad para científicos, arquitectos, ingenieros y constructores en general, ya que permitirán estimar propiedades de la Guadua de una manera económica, precisa y rápida.
[CA] L'any 2010 el reglament Colombià de construcció sismeresistent (*NSR-10) estableix el procediment de disseny basat en el mètode dels esforços admissibles, per a utilitzar la Guadua angustifolia Kunth com a material de construcció. A la regió Andina de Colòmbia hi ha gran presència de boscos naturals de guadua. Però les condicions geogràfiques i ambientals (ex. temperatura, pluviositat, altura sobre el nivell de la mar, etc.) dificulten el seu aprofitament com a material constructiu. Més encara, la seua localització està principalment en llocs de difícil accés no sols generant una gran dispersió en les seues propietats físic mecàniques, sinó també els costos associats per a identificar la seua resistència per a aplicacions estructurals. Com a conseqüència directa, naix la necessitat de plantejar un sistema simplificat que permeta estimar aquestes propietats que no sols es puga executar en el lloc concret de la plantació, sinó que també reduïsca els costos de transport i proves de laboratori. Aquesta tesi doctoral proposa una solució que permet determinar les característiques mecàniques de la Guadua angustifolia Kunth que creix a la regió andina de Colòmbia. Per a això, en primer lloc, es van realitzar 2917 assajos de laboratori relacionant variables com l'origen d'extracció, la temperatura i pluviositat, i el diàmetre i grossària de paret de la tija. Amb aquests assajos, i amb ajuda de l'estadística per eliminar dades atípiques, es caracteritzaren les propietats mecàniques de la guadua com la seua resistència a la tracció, compressió, tallant i moment. Posteriorment, amb tots aquests resultats, es va modelar estadísticament les relacions entre les variables considerades i els esforços mecànics. El propòsit d'aquests models ha sigut el de predir valors d'esforços últims d'aquest material en camp abans de l'extracció i de la realització de qualsevol assaig mecànic. Aquests models són de gran importància perquè científics, arquitectes, enginyers i constructors en general, puguen estimar propietats de la guadua d'una manera econòmica, precisa i ràpida.
[EN] During 2010, Colombian seismic-resistant regulation for construction (NSR-10) established the design procedure using the admissible load method to use Guadua Angustifolia Kunth as a construction material. At the Colombian Andean region, there are a large number of Guadua forests. However, the geographical and environmental conditions (e.g. temperature, rainfall, height above sea level, etc.) limits its exploitation as a construction material. Moreover, these forests are mainly found at remote locations with difficult access, not only making its physical and mechanical properties greatly scattered but also increasing the costs related to identifying its strength for structural applications. As a direct consequence, the necessity of a simplified system that ease the estimation of these properties emerges, not only to foster on-field testing but also to reduce transport and laboratory testing costs. This doctoral thesis proposes one solution to determine the mechanical properties of the Guadua Angustifolia Kunth that grows at Colombian Andean region. For this, 2917 laboratory tests were done to relate variables such as the origin, temperature and rainfall, and the stem diameter and thickness. From this first part of the study, mechanical strength properties of the guadua such as tension, compression, shear and bending were determined with the help of statistical filters to eliminate the abnormal data from tests. Then, all this data was used to statistically model the relationship within the variables and the mechanical strength. The goal of these models is to predict mechanical ultimate strength at the field without doing physical extraction or mechanical tests. These models will enable scientists, architects and, in general, anyone in the construction sector to easily estimate the guadua's mechanical properties in a cheaper, accurate and efficient manner.
Lozano Peña, JE. (2021). Determinación de los esfuerzos últimos de la Guadua Angustifolia en la región andina de Colombia correlacionada con variables de clima [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/165379
TESIS

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Dixon, Patrick G. (Patrick Gary). "The structure and mechanical behavior of bamboo and bamboo products". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111242.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2017.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 199-215).
Bamboo is a unique lignocellulosic material with considerable potential in sustainable construction. Structural bamboo products are analogous to wood products, such as oriented strand board (OSB), but composed primarily of bamboo elements, as opposed to wood elements. Such products could extend the use of bamboo. The mechanical behavior of structural bamboo products in large part depends on that of bamboo tissue. In this thesis, the structure and mechanical properties of dry bamboo tissue are related. Cellular level models are developed and explored, with a focus on density. Density is a practical parameter: it corresponds to weight, and places bamboo in the broader context of cellular solids. Bamboo tissue is made up of parenchyma and vascular bundles, consisting of sclerenchyma fibers and vessels; the structure can be thought of as a fiber reinforced composite. There is a radial gradient in the volume fraction of vascular bundles as well as the fraction of quite solid sclerenchyma fibers within the vascular bundles, increasing from the inside to the outside of the culm wall. Longitudinal flexural properties (modulus of elasticity MOE and modulus of rupture MOR) and compressive strength increase with increasing sclerenchyma fiber volume fraction, indicating the mechanical importance of these fibers. The density also increases with increasing fiber volume fraction. Thus, these longitudinal mechanical properties increase with density. This suggests that in bamboo tissue density reflects the underlying sclerenchyma fiber volume fraction. For moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens), the extrapolated cell wall longitudinal Young's modulus estimate from tests on small flexural specimens, 39.8 GPa, agrees well with the value of 36.6 GPa obtained from a simple cell wall model for the fibers. From mechanical tests of 3D printed models of bamboo parenchyma, an open-cell foam model seems appropriate for bamboo parenchyma. The densification of bamboo increases the longitudinal flexural properties, but natural bamboo at the same density of densified bamboo has higher properties. A multiscale model for wood OSB is adapted for bamboo OSB based on the natural tissue's structure and properties; this model gives a good description of the modulus of elasticity of bamboo OSB made with internode strands.
by Patrick G. Dixon.
Ph. D.

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Haddou, Geoffrey. "Structure et propriétés physiques de composites à matrice biosourcée/fibres naturelles continues pour applications aéronautiques". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30272/document.

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L'objectif de ce travail est de proposer des composites totalement biosourcés à application potentielle pour l'aménagement cabine et conforme aux exigences REACh. L'utilisation de fibres végétales comme renforts de matrices polymères est une voie prometteuse qui permet de réduire l'impact environnemental, tout en diminuant la masse. Une nouvelle matrice polyamide biosourcée synthétisée par Arkema - Polyamide méta-xylylène diamine 10 - a été utilisée pour cette étude. Une étude préliminaire de composites Polyamide 11/poudre de bambou a montré que l'introduction du renfort ne perturbait pas la structure physique de la matrice. De plus, l'optimisation des propriétés mécaniques s'effectue en l'absence d'agent de couplage. Les composites fibres continues de bambou/PA mXD 10 qui sont également mis en œuvre sans agent de couplage, ont des modules de cisaillement supérieurs à ceux des composites synthétiques de référence fibre de verre/matrice phénolique, avec un gain de masse de l'ordre de 50%
The aim of this work is to propose fully bio-based composites for a potential application in the cabin interior, and compliant with the REACh regulations. The use of vegetable fibers as reinforcement into polymeric matrices is an encouraging way to decrease the environmental impact, end the weight as well. A new bio-based polyamide matrix, synthetized by Arkema - Polyamide meta-xylylene diamine 10 - was used in this work. A preliminary study on Polyamide 11/bamboo powder showed the introduction of the fillers did not modified the physical structure of the matrix. Moreover, the optimization of the mechanical properties occurs with no coupling agent. The continuous bamboo fibers/PA mXD 10 composites, which were also processed without coupling agent, present shear moduli superior than the one of the synthetic reference glass fibers/phenolic, with a gain of weight about 50%

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Yu, Xiaobing. "Bamboo: structure and culture utilizing bamboo in the industrial context with reference to its structure and cultural dimensions". Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2007. http://d-nb.info/988931664/04.

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Myers, Evan T. "Structural bamboo design in east Africa". Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16799.

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Master of Science
Department of Architectural Engineering and Construction Science
Kimberly Waggle Kramer
This document addresses East Africa's need for safe, sustainable, and affordable housing and promotes use of bamboo as a structural material by providing adequate information and resources to evaluate the strength of bamboo. East African housing is a leading issue for the region because of the population growth, specifically in urban areas where housing resources and infrastructure cannot match the population growth. The solution may be bamboo housing as an alternative to urban slums. The bamboo species Oxytenanthera abyssinica is available throughout East Africa region and has been accepted and implemented in traditional housing throughout the region. This document references the resources provided by the International Code Council (ICC), International Organization for Standardizations (ISO), and International Network for Bamboo and Rattan (INBAR) for the use of bamboo as a structural material in buildings. This paper also discusses the mechanical strength of bamboo, and the structural behavior of bamboo in buildings. In addition, bamboo construction shows the tools, connections, and preservatives used in the field. The design example, using Oxytenanthera abyssinica, provides the traditional layout and materials for an Amhara house, and calculations show the practicality of bamboo in structural design. This document has led to recommendations for engineers and the bamboo industry, including the development of a codebook for bamboo design, promoting bamboo farms and plantations, creating a uniform connection, and increasing bamboo's service life. From research, bamboo is in need of further development before being considered a viable structural material to provide for commercial use but would suffice for the housing shortage in East Africa.

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Oza, Nilay. "Puja Pandals : rethinking an urban bamboo structure". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32341.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 40).
Pandal's are large tent like structures that are recreations of popular buildings, usually temples, built in wood and cloth over a bamboo super-structure. Traditionally they are built for Durga Puja, a festival in the month of October in parts of Eastern India. Today these structures have become expressions of a broader popular culture where themes both religious and non-religious are played out. Building on research on Pandal's this study contends that, with certain modifications, bamboo could be used to construct cost-effective, large span, temporary structures in Urban South Asia. It is also contented that the abundance and availability of bamboo has, to an extent, worked against its intelligent use. Any degree of structural innovation is deemed unnecessary as it is not considered commensurate with its cheap availability. Here the material is valued for its qualities and is not premised on its obvious use and expendability.
by Nilay Oza.
S.M.

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Hallgren, Alfons, i David Nordmark. "Roof Structure of Bamboo for Solar Panels". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297909.

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Sustainable urbanisation is a pressing challenge in some parts of the world and cost-efficient and environmentally friendly building materials could become a solution to achieve sustainability. Bamboo has shown promising properties in tensile- and bending strength to be able to substitute conventional building materials. If reinforced concrete gets implemented inside the anisotropic bamboo it further increases compressive strength, raw durability and makes the material more homogeneous.This thesis report analyses and calculates the stress and deformation on these reinforced bamboo beams when used as a roof structure for a solar cell power charging station in Southeast Asia. The calculations were made in ANSYS Mechanical. Different structural designs were exposed to strong wind loads and the results were compared to optimize the usage of the materials.The results show low values of stress and deformation after implementing reinforced concrete in the whole bamboo which indicates that excessivelyreinforced concrete might have been used. The results also show that using bamboo only in the structure gives considerably higher stress and deformation values even reaching critical levels at the edges of the roof and where the roof connects with the structural pillars.By implementing reinforced concrete at only critical areas the amount of stress in the structure can be decreased to a manageable level. If this is done, no critical levels are reached and the arising stress levels in the bamboo fall below a safety factor of 3. With these results, one can argue to decrease the material usage by only using reinforced concrete at critical areas of the structure. By using the natural strength of bamboo and only complementing with concrete and steel where bamboo is weak, the overall environmental impact is kept low but also the costs for producing and transporting these materials.

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Aijazi, Arfa N. (Arfa Nawal). "Material characterization of Guadua bamboo and the environmental feasibility of structural bamboo products". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80899.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2013.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 52-55).
Bamboo has long been used in vernacular construction because of its high strength, rapid growth rate, and global abundance. Bamboo is increasingly being used in contemporary architecture as a sustainable alternative to wood and other building materials. Forming bamboo into a structural composite can improve mechanical performance, durability, and joining, which can open up new structural applications and design possibilities as well as remove the stigma that bamboo is the "poor man's timber". This study aims to characterize the radial and longitudinal variation in the microstructure and mechanical properties of Guadua bamboo (Guadua angustifolia kunth) in order to inform efficient material use in a composite. The study found a linear relationship between the MOE, MOR, and compression strength with density. Through analysis of micrographs, the density was correlated to the area fraction of sclerenchyma fiber sheaths. Results from nanoindentation confirmed that the fiber properties did not vary with position. Further the environmental impact in the form of exhaustion of energy found that processed bamboo had a mechanical advantage over raw bamboo culm and lower energy input in manufacturing but superior performance in comparison to wood composites.
by Arfa N. Aijazi.
S.B.

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RAMOS, CARLOS MAURICIO DA COSTA. "WHEELCHAIR WITH STRUCTURAL DESIGN IN TENSEGRITY BAMBOO". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2016. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=27311@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Esta pesquisa está inserida no universo dos portadores de necessidades especiais e pretende desenvolver uma nova tecnologia para projetar a estrutura de cadeira de rodas. Tal estrutura será composta por um módulo tensegrity composto de varas de bambu e cabos tensionados e adota todos os padrões antropométricos com a observância aos estudos ergonômicos e necessidades individuais de uso dos cadeirantes. Esse novo conceito de design de estrutura, por ser inédito, resulta num produto inovador e permite novas interpretações e desdobramentos. Essa pesquisa também inicia uma nova interpretação do tensegrity por sua aplicação a órteses para reabilitação que atualmente é amplamente difundido nas artes plásticas, arquitetura e no design de produto. O seu emprego pode suprir algumas necessidades como adaptação corporal favorável pela maleabilidade da estrutura que absorve os movimentos mais bruscos que possam causar incômodos, lesões e má acomodação do usuário à cadeira de rodas.
This research is part of the universe of people with special needs and aims to develop a new technology to design the wheelchair frame. This structure will consist of a compound tensegrity module bamboo poles and tensioned cables and adopts all anthropometric standards with respect to ergonomic studies and individual needs of use of the wheelchair. This new concept of structure design, to be unheard of, resulting in an innovative product and allows new interpretations and developments. This research also initiates a new interpretation of tensegrity by its application to orthoses for rehabilitation that is currently widespread in art, architecture and product design. Your job can fill some needs as body adaptation favor the flexibility of the structure that absorbs the most sudden movements that may cause nuisance, injuries and poor user accommodation to the wheelchair.

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Cui, Junhe. "Multiscale structural investigation of bamboo under compressive Loading". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111508.

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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 66-70).
Bamboo has been widely utilized as a load bearing material in building construction since ancient times by taking advantage of its excellent mechanical performance under loading as well as its low density and rapid growth. Application of bamboo to engineering, architecture and infrastructure requires in-depth understanding of the relationship between its morphology and mechanics, including how this regularly spaced segmental structure is optimized for its load bearing capability. However, our current knowledge about the linkage between the hierarchical structure and mechanical performance of bamboo is quite limited and we have little idea about the contribution of its regular spaced segment to its excellent mechanical behavior under various kinds of loading conditions. Here, we have implemented representative volume elements to our finite element analysis to study the mechanical response of the entire bamboo under compressive force and systematically investigated how the bamboo's meso-scale and macro-scale structural features (e.g., gradient fiber distribution, periodic nodes, etc.) contribute to its strength in compression. We find that column buckling is a critical failure mode that leads to overall collapse of the structure, which can be disastrous. We observe that the gradient fiber distribution pattern along the bamboo thickness direction significantly contributes to its strength. We find that the occurrence of fiber deviation at the node region reduces the strength of bamboo. Nevertheless, our results show that structural features such as external ridge and internal diaphragm play the role of reinforcement while the effect is more significant for bamboo than other plants with similar node appearance. The work reported in this thesis provides structural insights into the outstanding mechanics of bamboo, which could offer guidance for engineers to evaluate the material mechanics according to its structure and design high-performance structures with bamboo accordingly.
by Junhe Cui.
M. Eng.

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Ahmad, Mansur. "Analysis of Calcutta bamboo for structural composite materials". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28742.

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Land use issues have dramatically changed the timber supply outlook for our nation's forest products industry. Since demand for wood products shows no sign of abating, alternative products must be developed. Bamboo is a very promising alternative raw material for the manufacture of structural composite products. It is fast growing, economical, renewable and abundant throughout the world. Bamboo has physical and mechanical properties that are comparable to many commercial timber species, and thus, may easily be processed using existing technology from the wood-based composites industry. Bamboo can be cultivated in the U.S., and thus has the potential to relieve some of the harvesting pressure from our nation's forestlands. However, the use of specific bamboo species for structural composite products will require a thorough investigation of the material as well as its interaction with other components. Thus, the primary objective of this dissertation is to determine the properties of Calcutta bamboo and its interaction with adhesives. The properties investigated were relative density, dimensional stability, equilibrium moisture content, bending strength and stiffness, tensile strength, pH, buffer capacity, wettability and the adhesive penetration. In addition to this, a prototype bamboo parallel strip lumber (BPSL) was manufactured and tested for its physical and mechanical properties. The relationships among the properties of Calcutta bamboo and the prototype bamboo composite were also investigated. As the result of these investigations, it is concluded that Calcutta bamboo is technically a suitable raw material for structural composite products. This result may also be applicable for the utilization of other bamboo species, thus aiding companies in decisions regarding investment in bamboo plantations and manufacturing facilities in the U.S, Malaysia and other parts of the world. The primary benefits from this research may be the development of new products to serve growing markets, and thereby relieving some of the pressure to harvest forestlands.
Ph. D.

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Ross, Sheila. "Bamboo construction as a sustainable building technology from a structural and materials engineering perspective". Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33901.

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The objective of this dissertation is to determine whether bamboo culms or stems are suitable for use as a construction material for permanent structures, from an engineering as well as a sustainability perspective. A secondary objective is to establish whether this would be a suitable building technology for South Africa. The research is desk-top in nature and involves reviewing articles in online journals and publications and collating the information into a coherent form. Eleven species of bamboo commonly used in construction worldwide are selected for investigation of their material and engineering properties. Based on the variations found in the various species of bamboo, approaches to engineering modelling and design of bamboo structures are detailed and discussed. Furthermore, four case studies are presented that illustrate the various areas where bamboo construction is currently used. Finally, research is done regarding the level of the South African bamboo industry, including whether a bamboo species currently exists in South Africa that would be suitable for construction purposes. The preliminary literature review indicated that there is a lack of scientific or structural information regarding bamboo as a building material from an engineering or materials perspective, both globally as well as in South Africa. Although a substantial amount of information was subsequently found on the various aspects of bamboo as a structural material, the information varies widely between sources, which is ascribed to variations in test methods as well as to the location of the species being tested. The design codes and standards from various countries for bamboo design and construction are briefly reviewed. For countries where there is currently no bamboo design code or standard, such as South Africa, it is recommended that the International Standard, ISO 22156, be used as a design basis, using specific material properties relevant to the local species. Many publications state that bamboo is a sustainable building material, comparing favourably with other building materials. However, quantitative proof was found to be either lacking or unclear. Different methods were used in the publications to evaluate bamboo from an environmental perspective, making it difficult to compare and evaluate the different reports and results. However, despite the different methods, it appears that bamboo can be regarded as an environmentally favourable material, provided that local species are used in construction. The four case studies presented demonstrate that bamboo culms are suitable for use in large structures, such as bridges or trusses, as well as for smaller structures such as buildings or houses. They also illustrate the issues that can occur if the design intent is not understood or correctly carried out during construction. South Africa has one bamboo species considered suitable for construction, namely Bambusa balcooa, which is grown in various parts of the country. The properties of the South African plants have not been established as yet. However, theoretical engineering and material properties as determined elsewhere in the world indicate that this is a viable construction material. Further areas of research are the establishment of the material and engineering properties of the local South African bamboo species Bambusa balcooa, as well as further research into the behaviour of bamboo in fire conditions.

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Zhao, Tianming. "A Water Garden: Celebrating the Beauty of Nature". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/92872.

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Nature, as the major consideration of the Organic Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright, has constantly been favored as a path for a pure soul to communicate with the spiritual. Inspired by Wright's Organic Architecture and Traditional Chinese Garden, this thesis celebrates the beauty of Nature in Pandapas Pond, Giles County, VA, where a "Water Garden" is created on the open space defined by its water. Formally, the whole garden complex takes the inspiration from lotus flowers floating on the water, which could be thought of as an "organic system of architecture."
Master of Architecture

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Silva, Cibelle Guimarães. "Inovações tecnológicas para o melhor aproveitamento do gesso nas construções". Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2010. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/5574.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:09:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 parte1.pdf: 1695500 bytes, checksum: b77d39955ddb7d3ec8312b3123029622 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-04
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Gypsum is one of the oldest building materials which are known. By virtue of being a ligand less environment aggressive than Portland cement, its use should be encouraged and its new applications studied. This work aims at technological innovation for the greater application of gypsum in construction industry, including development of a structural horizontal gypsum reinforced by bamboo. The first phase of the work deals with the properties of materials used. Then, we described the existing limitations on the use of gypsum in construction, such as strength and durability. The resistance was improved by reducing the amount of mixing water. Treatments were developed to reduce susceptibility of gypsum in relation to water. Then, an analysis was performed on the characteristics of bamboo, developing treatments to reduce water absorption and increase their adherence to the folder of plaster. After the study of plaster and bamboo as isolated elements it was evaluated the behavior of the composite gypsum / bamboo. Finally, the element has been tested in the laboratory and used in a prototype built on campus. These results indicate that resistance of the gypsum can be increased with simple technologies, such as the reduction of mixing water and densification by vibration. As for durability, minimizing the absorption of water, and surface treatments such as immersion in creosote and painting with castor beans developed resin proved effective. The plaster/bamboo adherence could be improved through parallel treatments aiming the reduction of water absorption and the increase of the roughness of bamboo sticks surface. The developed elements are behaving properly in the prototype were applied.
O gesso é um dos materiais de construção mais antigos que se tem conhecimento. Em virtude de ser um ligante menos agressivo ao ambiente que o cimento Portland, seu uso deve ser incentivado e suas novas aplicações estudadas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo a inovação tecnológica para a maior aplicação do gesso na construção civil, inclusive com o desenvolvimento de um elemento estrutural horizontal de gesso reforçado por bambu. A primeira fase do trabalho aborda as propriedades dos materiais utilizados. Em seguida, foram descritas as limitações existentes na utilização do gesso na construção, tais como a resistência e a durabilidade. A resistência foi melhorada com a redução na quantidade de água de amassamento. Foram desenvolvidos tratamentos para diminuir a susceptibilidade do gesso em relação à água. Em seguida, foi realizada uma análise nas características do bambu, desenvolvendo-se tratamentos para redução de absorção de água e aumento de sua aderência à pasta de gesso. Após o estudo do gesso e do bambu como elementos isolados foi avaliado o comportamento do compósito gesso/bambu. Por fim, o elemento desenvolvido foi testado em laboratório e utilizado em um protótipo construído no campus universitário. Os resultados deste trabalho indicaram que a resistência do gesso pode ser elevada com tecnologias simples, tais como a redução de água de amassamento e o adensamento por vibração. Quanto à durabilidade, a minimização na absorção de água, e tratamentos superficiais como a imersão em creosoto e pintura com resina de mamona desenvolvidos mostraram-se eficazes. A aderência gesso/bambu pôde ser melhorada por meio de tratamentos paralelos buscando a redução de absorção de água e o aumento da rugosidade da sua superfície das varas de bambu. Os elementos desenvolvidos estão se comportando adequadamente no protótipo onde foram aplicados.

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Darzi, Siavash. "Innovative Ultra-light Structural Timber Sandwich Panels". Thesis, Griffith University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/395527.

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Sandwich panels are utilized extensively in many industries such as marine, aerospace, and automotive industries due to their high strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios. However, sandwich panels have only just started to be utilized in the building industry. Most sandwich panels today consist of two thin and stiff skins and a low-strength foam core, which makes the panels vulnerable under bending action. Furthermore, with the recent global trend towards mid-rise to high-rise timber buildings, more attention is given to lightweight, cost-effective, and particularly sustainable wood products. This study aims to investigate the appropriateness of composite timber sandwich panels made by combining existing commercial wood products with affordable and sustainable local timber and wood waste, to manufacture sandwich panels for building purposes. These composite sandwich panels are manufactured by gluing commercial plywood skins to either bamboo rings to produce Bamboo Core Sandwich (BCS) panels or to peeler core rings to produce Peeler Core Sandwich (PCS) panels. In the first part of this thesis, a modified Ritz method is developed that can predict the flexural response of a sandwich panel with thick skins and thick-stiff core in one-way and two-way bending configurations. The proposed Ritz formulation is used to evaluate the flexural responses of the proposed BCS and PCS panels with different aspect ratios. To provide comparison, the results are compared with an engineered wood product, Cross-laminated Timber (CLT) panels with almost similar depths. A Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is then developed, validated against Ritz and previous experimental work, to capture the ultimate capacity and failure modes of the panels. In the second part of this thesis, the proposed panels are manufactured and physically tested in standard bending (using four-point) and shear (using three-point) tests. The optimum adhesive spread rate is identified through conducting shear bond tests. Results are compared to the test results of conventional CLT panels with almost similar depths. The experimental results are interpreted using analytical equations. In the third part of this thesis, single and double core layer BCS panels are manufactured and tested under axial compressive load. The capacity and failure modes of the BCS panels under combined bending and axial compression actions, are then investigated through validated numerical and simplified analytical approaches. Furthermore, a comparison is made between the axial compressive and combined compression and bending performances of the proposed BCS and conventional CLT panels.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Eng & Built Env
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text

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ALVARES, LUCIANO ROSA ALONSO. "CATENARY DOME OF FIBER SOIL STRUCTURED WITH BAMBOO - CONCEPTION AND CONSTRUCTIVE PROCESS". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2008. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=13114@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
O atual modelo de desenvolvimento das cidades, juntamente com o consumo desenfreado dos recursos não renováveis, mostrou-se inviável do ponto de vista da sustentabilidade, fato este que tem gerado preocupação em diversos setores da sociedade. No cenário mundial, principalmente no setor da construção civil, vem crescendo a demanda pelo uso de novos materiais e técnicas que não sejam agressivos ao meio ambiente. O meio acadêmico, como ambiente de pesquisa é um dos locais para a geração desses novos materiais e técnicas que possam suprir as demandas visando o desenvolvimento sustentável. Nesse contexto, o LILD (Laboratório de Investigação em Living Design) vem estudando nos últimos 20 anos tecnologias limpas de baixo impacto ambiental, atendendo a demandas reais na construção de objetos de design e arquitetura. No momento o LILD trabalha, entre outras atividades, com materiais compósitos de terra crua e fibras naturais. Este trabalho apresenta o resultado do processo de desenvolvimento no LILD de um objeto feito com estes compósitos, denominado CÚPULA CATENÁRIA, com a aplicação da metodologia projetual utilizada no LILD. Os experimentos foram desenvolvidos a partir de modelos processuais que determinaram os parâmetros e apontaram as diretrizes a serem seguidas no projeto, visando sempre a aplicação e construção de um modelo em escala real, que por sua vez incorpora diversos saberes de diferentes áreas de conhecimento.
The current model of cities development, considering the wild consumption of not renewable resources, has shown impracticable due the sustainability point of view. Fact which is really concerned a lot of preoccupation in many sectors of human society. In the world-wide scenery, mainly at civil construction sector, it is growing a big demand for the use of new and alternative materials and techniques that may not harm the world environment. Due this situation, in the academic field that is considered an excellent research environment, it is the right place to new materials and techniques born in order to supply the demands considering the sustainable development. In this context, the LILD (Research Living Design Laboratory) has been studying last 20 years the applications of clean and low environmental impact technologies, answering the demands of building the design and architecture of real objects. This work presents the result of the developing process of an object named CATENARY DOME, applying the project methodology of LILD. The experiments have been developed of processual models that determined the parameters and point directives to be followed in the project, having in mind always the application and construction of an object in real scale, that incorporate many different knowledge areas.

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KRAUSE, JOAO QUEIROZ. "MICRO AND MACROMECHANICS OF DENDROCALAMUS GIGANTEUS BAMBOO LAMINAE FOR STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2015. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=26991@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
O bambu é um material compósito lignocelulósico natural, local, renovável e abundante, importante para o sequestro de carbono da atmosfera, caracterizado pela classificação funcional multidimensional e pela matriz consideravelmente porosa reforçada por fibras longas. Tais configurações proporcionam baixa densidade aliada a propriedades mecânicas adequadas à construção civil. Este trabalho propõe combinar aproveitamento adequado e alto desempenho, aplicando configurações diferenciadas a compósitos laminados, utilizando material proveniente de diferentes trechos da parede do colmo, de acordo com os requerimentos estruturais, de uma maneira viável para o desenvolvimento de formas complexas. Foram sistematizadas e propostas novas configurações para normas de ensaios de controle bem como procedimentos e ensaios específicos para a caracterização mecânica de lâminas, e para compósitos laminados de bambu. No intuito de quantificar e caracterizar a organização morfológica do bambu, principalmente relacionada à sua alta porosidade, foram conduzidas análises microestruturais diversas. Os dados foram correlacionados com as propriedades mecânicas obtidas experimentalmente de regiões similares. Desenvolveu-se ainda um método simplificado para estimar o teor total de vazios em lâminas baseado em ensaios de variação de umidade. Observou-se que a fração de vazios varia de acordo com uma classificação funcional e influencia, não somente na densidade do material, mas também em suas propriedades mecânicas. Os empacotamentos propostos para os laminados foram analisados em programa comercial de Elementos Finitos.
Bamboo is a natural, local, renewable and abundant lignocellulosic material, important to mitigate greenhouse gases emissions. It is characterized by the multidimensional functionally graded structure and for its long fiber reinforced porous matrix. Such configurations provide the combination of low density and high mechanical properties, which are compatible with the ones of usual construction materials. Laminated bamboo composites are currently produced aiming either high productivity and complex geometry with low performance, or simple geometry for structural purposes with a very low productivity. This work proposes a protocol to combine productivity, possibility of complex geometry and high performance, by applying laminae obtained from different parts of the culm wall, regarding to the radial axis, according to the structural requirements. New configurations for standard mechanical test methods were proposed for material s compliance checking and both for laminae and laminates characterization. In parallel, aiming to quantify and morphologically characterize, mainly the bamboo porosity variation, several microstructural analyzes have been used. The results were compared with the ones obtained on the experimental mechanical characterization protocol. A simplified method to quantify bamboo porosity based on humidity variation tests has been developed and validated by the comparison with digital image processing. It has been observed that bamboo s porous volume fraction is functionally graded and has influence on the material s density as long as on its mechanical properties. The proposed laminate configuratons were analyzed on a commercial Finite Element Method software.

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Archila, Santos Hector Fabio. "Thermo-hydro-mechanically modified cross-laminated Guadua-bamboo panels". Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.675700.

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Guadua angustifolia Kunth (Guadua) is a bamboo species native to South and Central America that has been widely used for structural applications in small and large-scale buildings, bridges and temporary structures. Currently, its structural use is regulated within seismic resistant building codes in countries such as Peru and Colombia. Nevertheless, Guadua remains a material for vernacular construction associated with high levels of manual labour and structural unpredictability. Guadua buildings are limited to two storeys due to the overall flexibility of the slender and hollow culms and its connection systems. Its axial specific stiffness is comparable to that of steel and hardwoods, but unlike wood, Guadua’s hollow structure and lack of ray cells render it prone to buckling along the grain and to transverse crushing. As a result, Guadua’s mainstream use in construction and transformation into standard sizes or engineered Guadua products is scarce. Therefore, this work focussed on the development of standardised flat industrial structural products from Guadua devising replicable manufacturing technologies and engineering methods to measure and predict their mechanical behaviour. Cross-laminated Guadua panels were developed using thermohydro-mechanically modified and laminated flat Guadua strips glued with a high performance resin. Guadua was subjected to thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) treatments that modified its microstructure and mechanical properties. THM treatment was applied to Guadua with the aim of tackling the difficulties in the fabrication of standardised construction materials and to gain a uniform fibre content profile that facilitated prediction of mechanical properties for structural design. Densified homogenous flat Guadua strips (FGS) were obtained. Elastic properties of FGS were determined in tension, compression and shear using small-clear specimens. These properties were used to predict the structural behaviour of G-XLam panels comprised of three and five layers (G-XLam3 and G-XLam5) by numerical methods. The panels were assumed as multi-layered systems composed of contiguous lamellas with orthotropic axes orientated at 0º and 90º. A finite element (FE) model was developed, and successfully simulated the response of G-XLam3 & 5 panels virtually loaded with the same boundary conditions as the following experimental tests on full-scale panels. G-XLam3 and G-XLam5 were manufactured and their mechanical properties evaluated by testing large specimens in compression, shear and bending. Results from numerical, FE predictions and mechanical testing demonstrated comparable results. Finally, design and manufacturing aspects of the G-XLam panels were discussed and examples of their architectural and structural use in construction applications such as mid-rise buildings, grid shells and vaults are presented. Overall, this research studies THM treatments applied to Guadua in order to produce standardised engineered Guadua products (EGP), and provides guidelines for manufacturing, testing, and for the structural analysis and design with G-XLam panels. These factors are of key importance for the use of Guadua as a mainstream material in construction.

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MURAD, JOSE ROBERTO DE LIMA. "THE PHYSICAL, MECHANICAL AND MESO-STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF THE BAMBOO GUADUA WEBERBAUERI OF ACRE". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=10717@1.

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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
O bambu apresenta baixo consumo de energia e baixo custo de produção, além de ser um material renovável e ecológico. É um material potencialmente promissor que vem demonstrando grandes qualidades para a construção civil. Estudos mostraram que a relação resistência à tração e peso específico do bambu é 2,77 vezes maior que a do aço. Este trabalho tem como objetivo a caracterização física, mecânica e meso-estrutural do bambu da espécie Guadua weberbaueri para possível aplicação na engenharia civil como material não convencional. Os resultados dos ensaios mecânicos mostraram valores compatíveis a outras espécies pesquisadas. Concluiu-se que o material quando sujeito a carga de tração, cisalhamento ou compressão apresentou comportamento semelhante ao de outras espécies já estudadas, desde 1979, no Departamento de Engenharia Civil da PUC-Rio, sob a orientação do professor Khosrow Ghavami. Onde foram desenvolvidos vários programas de investigação para o emprego do bambu e outras fibras vegetais na construção de edificações de baixo custo, substituindo produtos de asbesto, aço, cimento e outros materiais poluentes e não renováveis. Podendo este ser utilizado como material alternativo na engenharia civil.
The bamboo presents low consumption of energy and low cost of production, beyond being a renewable and ecological material. It is a potentially promising material that comes demonstrating great qualities for the civil construction. Studies had shown that the relation tensile strenght and specific weight of the bamboo is 2,77 times bigger that of the steel. This thesis presents the results of an experimental investigation to establish the physical, mechanics and meso-structural, of the bamboo of the species Guadua weberbaueri for possible application in the civil engineering as a non- conventional material. The results of the mechanical rehearsals showed compatible values to other researched species. It was concluded that the material when subject to traction loads, shear or compression presented similar behavior to the of other studied species already, since 1979, in the Department of Civil Engineering of PUC-Rio, under the orientation of professor Khosrow Ghavami. Where some programs of inquiry for the vegetal job of the bamboo and other staple fibers in the construction of edifications of low cost had been developed, substituting pollutant products of asbestos, steel, cement and other pollutant materials didn´t renew. Being able this being used as non-conventional material in civil engineering.

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Knowlton, Brett D. (Brett Douglas). "The effects of grain structure and Cu distribution on the relability of near-bamboo Al-Cu alloy interconnects". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10379.

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CAMPOS, DANIEL MALAGUTI. "APPLICATION AND TEACHING OF APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE COLLECTIVE CONSTRUCTION OF ROOF STRUCTURES MADE OF TIED BAMBOOS AND RAW EARTH". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2013. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=23904@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
O presente trabalho, desdobramento da pesquisa desenvolvida entre 2007 e 2009, relatada na dissertação de mestrado intitulada Design de estruturas reticuladas de bambu geradas a partir de superfícies mínimas, tem como objetivo principal a aplicação de alguns dos modelos de estruturas de cobertura desenvolvidos pelo LILD (Laboratório de Investigação em Livre Desenho), em escala e contexto real para uso comunitário. Isso ocorre através do ensino de técnicas simples e de baixo impacto ambiental, em processos de construção coletiva utilizando materiais e mão de obra locais. Por meio da elaboração de desenhos, modelos físicos reduzidos e da prática construtiva coletiva em si, obtém-se uma dinâmica de troca de saberes entre mestres e aprendizes, onde o conhecimento flui de maneira multidirecional, se retroalimenta. O aprendizado obtido fica evidente em dois momentos: no desenvolvimento das estruturas em laboratório, pois ampliam o repertório de unidades estruturais do LILD, e na construção das mesmas fora dos muros da universidade, pois trazem resultados reais tanto sobre os saberes trocados entre os envolvidos quanto à ação do meio físico e social sobre o experimento.
The present work, unfolding of the research developed between 2007 and 2009, reported in the master dissertation entitled Design of bamboo frame structures generated from minimal surfaces, has as main objective the implementation of models of roof structures developed by LILD (Laboratory Research in Free Design) on a scale and real context for community use. It happens by teaching simple and low environmental impact techniques in processes of collective construction using local materials and labor. Through the development of drawings, reduced physical models and collective constructive practice itself, we can get a dynamic exchange of knowledge between teachers and learners in which knowledge flows multidirectional way, feeds itself. The knowledge gained is evident in two phases: in the development of structures in the laboratory, it expands the repertoire of structural units of the LILD, and building them outside the walls of the university, because they bring real results both on the knowledge exchanged between those involved as the action of the physical and social environment on them.

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Esteves, Melina Cristina Borges. "Thermal history and fluid circulation in deformational structures associated with the Bambuí Group at the fold-and-thrust zone, western margin of the São Francisco Craton". Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44143/tde-10092018-135551/.

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As condições de pressão e temperatura existentes no evento tectônico que atuou na zona de fold-and-thrust da margem oeste do Cráton do São Francisco foram estimadas com base em estudos estruturais, microestruturais, petrográficos e de inclusões fluidas de veios sintectônicos. A presença de veios de diferentes gerações na zona de fold-and-thrust é evidenciada por fluidos atuando em diferentes cenários de paleoestresse ao longo da história deformacional da área. A área é composta por rochas do Grupo Bambuí fracamente deformadas que registram condições de metamorfismo que variam de diagênese a fácies subxisto verde. Dois eventos tectônicos foram identificados através da disposição geométrica dos veios e da superfície dobrada: (i) uma compressão principal NE-SW (D1) com \'sigma\'1 subhorizontal de orientação SW e \'sigma\'3 sub-vertical, relacionado à formação de veios sintectônicos sub-horizontais de orientação NW formados em condições que atingiram pelo menos 140- 160°C e pressões em torno de 200-363 MPa; (ii) uma compressão posterior NW-SE (D2) com \'sigma\'1 sub-horizontal de orientação NW e \'sigma\'3 também sub-horizontal de orientação NE. Estão relacionados à D2 a formação de veios sintectônicos sub-verticais paralelos à clivagem, formados nas mesmas condições mínimas de temperatura de 140-160°C e pressões entre 181- 295 MPa. A indicação de flutuações na pressão durante esses eventos desempenhou um papel crucial, pois os fluidos influenciam significativamente os processos mecânicos, os mecanismos de deformação e as reações químicas que operam em cinturões de fold-andthrust. Os fluidos apresentam composição formada por H2O-NaCl-CaCl2, onde o processo de mistura de diferentes fontes de fluidos (metamórficas e meteóricas) é evidenciado pela tendência evolutiva de temperaturas de homogeneização e salinidades, resultando em alguma variação na salinidade (12 contra 4% em peso equivalente de NaCl para os veios subhorizontais e para os paralelos à clivagem, respectivamente). Este trabalho confirma que a combinação entre a reconstrução do paleoestresse e o estudo de inclusões fluidas podem fornecer informações fundamentais sobre a relação entre o fluxo de fluidos e a tectônica de terrenos orogênicos, contribuindo para o conhecimento científico sobre a evolução deformacional/metamórfica do Grupo Bambuí e, consequentemente, da zona de fold-andthrust da margem ocidental do Cráton do São Francisco.
P-T conditions existing at the tectonic event that acted at the fold-and-thrust zone of the western margin of the São Francisco Craton were estimated on the basis of structural, microstructural, petrographic and fluid inclusion study of syntectonic veins. The presence of veins of different generations in the fold-and-thrust zone is evidenced by fluids operating at different scenarios of paleostress throughout the deformation history. The area are composed of weakly deformed rocks of the Bambuí Group recording a metamorphism with conditions ranging from diagenetic to sub-greenschist facies. Two tectonic events were identified by vein geometric arrangement and folded surface, a major early NE-SW compression (D1 - \'sigma\'1 subhorizontal SW-trending and \'sigma\'3 subvertical), related with subhorizontal NW-trending syntectonic veins formed at conditions that have reached at least 140°C and pressures around 200-363 MPa; and later NW-SE compression (D2 - \'sigma\'1 subhorizontal NW-trending and \'sigma\'3 subhorizontal NE-trending), related with subvertical syntectonic cleavage-parallel veins formed at the same range of temperature and pressures between 181-295 MPa. Indication of fluctuations in pressure during these events played a crucial role as fluids significantly influence the mechanical processes, deformation mechanisms and chemical reactions that operate in fold-thrust belts. Fluids show H2O-NaCl-CaCl2 composition where mixing process of different fluids sources (metamorphic and meteoric) are evidenced by evolutive trending of homogenization temperatures and salinities resulting in some variation in salinity (12 against 4 wt.% NaCl eq. for subhorizontal and cleavage-parallel veins respectively). This research confirms that combine the reconstruction of the paleostress states and fluid inclusion studies can provide fundamental information of relationship between fluid flow and tectonic of orogenic terrains contributing to the scientific knowledge about the deformational/metamorphic evolution of the Bambuí Group and the fold-and-thrust zone of the western margin of the São Francisco Craton.

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Toussaint, Pascal. "Application et modélisation du principe de la précontrainte sur des assemblages de structure bois". Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10014/document.

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Dans un assemblage précontraint, des efforts sont transmis entre les pièces par mobilisation du frottement suite à l'application d'une contrainte de compression normale. L'objectif de ce travail était de transposer ce principe de transmission des efforts au matériau bois. A partir de résultats existants, une étude expérimentale préliminaire a été menée sur des chaumes de bambou. L'intérêt de cette « graminée » par rapport au bois est sa résistance importante en compression transversale. Pour appliquer ce principe à des avivés de bois, il a été nécessaire de les densifier par compression localisée à froid au-delà de leur limite élastique. Une caractérisation de Picea abies en compression transversale au-delà de sa limite élastique a été réalisée. Cette analyse a abouti à une loi de comportement fonction de la densité de l'éprouvette. De plus, l'influence de la densification du bois sur sa résistance en traction longitudinale a été mesurée. Il s'avère que cette résistance est constante puis chute à partir d'un taux de densification critique fonction de la masse volumique du bois. La phase de mise en place de la précontrainte dans les assemblages bois et bambou testés a été modélisée par éléments finis. L'orthotropie des matériaux a été pris en compte par la superposition d'un modèle mousse (comportement non-linéaire transversal) et d'un modèle poutre (direction longitudinale) créant une structure dont la taille des éléments ne descend pas en dessous de celle des cernes. Ce modèle structural mésoscopique a permis de simuler les phases de densification, charge, décharge de l'assemblage et d'atteindre la limite à rupture, permettant d'aller jusqu'à une démarche d'optimisation
In a pre-stressed fastener, forces are transmitted between two elements by friction which is made possible by the application of transversal compression forces. The aim of this work was to apply this principle to timber fasteners. Thanks to former results, a preliminary experimental study was done on stubbles of bamboo. This “grass” has a higher transversal compression resistance than wood. In order to transpose the principle of pre-stress from bamboo to timber, it was necessary to increase the compression resistance of timber. The idea proposed here is the densification of wood by localised cold compression beyond its elastic limit. Picea abies was characterized in transversal compression beyond its elastic limit. This analysis gave stress-strain curves which depend on the density of the wood. The influence of the densification on the resistance in longitudinal tension was also measured. This resistance is constant and then it decreases rapidly from a critical densification rate function of the density of the wood. The pre-stress of the tested timber and bamboo fasteners was modelled by a finite elements model. The anisotropy of the materials was taken into account by the superposition of a crushable foam model (non linear behaviour in transversal direction) and beams (longitudinal direction). This structural mesoscopic model allowed simulating the densification, the loading and unloading of the fasteners until their failure which lead to an optimization of the connectors

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Sfriso, Giulia <1996&gt. "Il bambino dà alla maestra un libro: cross-linguistic structural priming of dative sentences in Italian-English late bilinguals". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/17751.

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L’obiettivo di questo studio è di analizzare la performance di studenti/esse italiani/e bilingui tardivi/e di inglese in un task che utilizza il metodo del priming cross-linguistico. (numero di partecipanti) studenti/esse nativi/e di italiano con basso e buon livello di inglese hanno partecipato allo studio come volontari. L’esperimento si compone di 28 frasi priming in inglese associate a 28 immagini con 28 verbi in italiano. Ogni frase priming è introdotta da una frase filler in inglese. Le frasi priming erano sia di tipo transitivo sia di tipo dativo. Inoltre, le frasi dative erano di due tipi, con preposizioni e a doppio oggetto e presentavano le seguenti condizioni: stesso verbo tra frase priming e frase target oppure verbo differente tra le due frasi. Nell’esperimento, i/le partecipanti, dopo aver letto le frasi filler e priming, descrivevano un’immagine con una frase in italiano. Nella descrizione è stato chiesto loro di utilizzare il verbo indicato sotto l’immagine. I risultati dimostrano un forte priming con le frasi transitive e dative con preposizione in tutti/e i/le partecipanti. Le costruzioni a doppio oggetto sembrano essere le più problematiche. Tuttavia, risultati interessanti vengono dalle frasi che presentavano la condizione stesso verbo manifestando un effetto di “lexical boost”.

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BRILLI, YLENIA. "LO SVILUPPO COGNITIVO DEI BAMBINI: IL RUOLO DELLE POLITICHE PUBBLICHE E DELLE SCELTE FAMILIARI". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1792.

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La tesi è una raccolta di tre articoli sugli effetti delle politiche per l’infanzia e le scelte dei genitori circa l’utilizzo dell’asilo nido sullo sviluppo cognitivo dei bambini. Il primo capitolo presenta una rassegna degli studi più recenti sul tema, considerando in particolare le analisi che hanno valutato gli effetti di politiche per l’infanzia e il ruolo della partecipazione pubblica nella gestione del servizio. Il secondo capitolo esplora la relazione tra la disponibilità di asili nido in Italia e i risultati scolastici dei bambini misurati dai test INVALSI relativi all’anno scolastico 2009-10. Il terzo capitolo analizza gli effetti delle scelte materne di lavoro e uso del child care sullo sviluppo cognitivo del bambino tramite la stima di un modello strutturale.
This thesis is composed by three chapters, dealing with the effects of policies for young children and parental child care decisions on subsequent child’s cognitive development. The first chapter presents a review of the most recent studies on this topic, considering in particular analyses that focus on public child care policies. The second chapter investigates the relationship between child care coverage in Italy and children’s scholastic achievement, as measured by the INVALSI test scores for the school year 2009-10. The third chapter evaluates the effects of maternal decisions concerning work and external child care use on subsequent child’s cognitive outcomes defining and estimating a behavioral model.

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BRILLI, YLENIA. "LO SVILUPPO COGNITIVO DEI BAMBINI: IL RUOLO DELLE POLITICHE PUBBLICHE E DELLE SCELTE FAMILIARI". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1792.

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La tesi è una raccolta di tre articoli sugli effetti delle politiche per l’infanzia e le scelte dei genitori circa l’utilizzo dell’asilo nido sullo sviluppo cognitivo dei bambini. Il primo capitolo presenta una rassegna degli studi più recenti sul tema, considerando in particolare le analisi che hanno valutato gli effetti di politiche per l’infanzia e il ruolo della partecipazione pubblica nella gestione del servizio. Il secondo capitolo esplora la relazione tra la disponibilità di asili nido in Italia e i risultati scolastici dei bambini misurati dai test INVALSI relativi all’anno scolastico 2009-10. Il terzo capitolo analizza gli effetti delle scelte materne di lavoro e uso del child care sullo sviluppo cognitivo del bambino tramite la stima di un modello strutturale.
This thesis is composed by three chapters, dealing with the effects of policies for young children and parental child care decisions on subsequent child’s cognitive development. The first chapter presents a review of the most recent studies on this topic, considering in particular analyses that focus on public child care policies. The second chapter investigates the relationship between child care coverage in Italy and children’s scholastic achievement, as measured by the INVALSI test scores for the school year 2009-10. The third chapter evaluates the effects of maternal decisions concerning work and external child care use on subsequent child’s cognitive outcomes defining and estimating a behavioral model.

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39

Mu, Bao-gui, i 穆寶貴. "The Study on the Constructions in the Structures of the Bamboo Buildings in Taiwan". Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80476140385944024170.

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碩士
國立成功大學
建築學系碩博士班
95
The thinking of green buildings has become more and more important during these years, and it brings the building industries’ value to green buildings. Bamboos’ low fugitive and low pollutant characteristics bring fewer environmental loads to the earth. Besides, bamboos have wide growing areas in Taiwan except from Xinzhu and Tainan city. Bamboos are natural building materials which are easy to obtain. They not only can be traditionally applied in making furniture and decoration but also can be used as building materials. Overall, they are precious materials for green buildings. In the early days, there were cases that either the aboriginal buildings or traditional folk buildings used bamboos as building materials. However, the cases related to bamboo buildings are quite few nowadays. There have been regulative procedures for the preservation from bamboos pillars’ decay under the national standard. We only lack of the relative information about bamboo buildings. We did the research firstly by reviewing the traditional bamboo buildings constructions, materials, and the arrangement of research data for interrelated structures. Secondly, we arrange some related information such as the material usages in some cases, the constructions in the structures, and detail joints after doing the researches and having interviews with specialists. After understanding the present bamboo buildings constructions in Taiwan, we can analyze the traditional structures and present ones, see the differences between them, and find their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, we propose some suggestion to improve the constructions according to the updated information and some advanced examples which are seldom seen in the document. The suggestion is listed below: (1)It’s well suggested to choose different parts from the bamboos and different ways of preservation from decay based on the bamboos’ intensity and their cost. (2)Process the bamboo woods with standardization and pre-assemble the structure in factories to heighten the construction efficiency and quality. (3)Suggestion for each parts: A.Foundation: Heighten the foundation and use fasteners or steel wires to fasten the bamboo pillars to reinforce the water resistance and immobility. B.Construction Walls: a.Increase braces and horizontal crossbeams to steady the construction walls. b.Decrease the number of holes on bamboos pillars and use fasteners to joint the bamboos materials, or alter the forms of joints to ensure the bamboos’ completeness. c.Change the materials of construction walls to enhance the walls’ combination and stability. d.Daub protective paint on walls periodically to prevent them from sunshine. C.Roof: Change the materials of roof and add insulating airspace to enhance the roof’s durability. D.Opening: Place the openings between bamboos pillars, and alter the forms of doors and windows. E.Detail joints: Establish the unified form of joints. Use the bamboo tubes to combine the horizontal crossbeams. Decrease the number of holes to keep the completeness of bamboos pillars.

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Lin, Yu-Jen, i 林裕仁. "Study on the Production and Marketing Structures and the Strategies of Bamboo Charcoal Industry in Taiwan". Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22133096604724091609.

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博士
國立臺灣大學
森林環境暨資源學研究所
94
The bamboo charcoal industry is a new industry in the contemporary agricultural production system in Taiwan. The purposes of this study were to investigate the production and marketing structures, to analyze the market supply and demand, and to draw up profitable development and competition strategies of this industry in the future, using questionnaires to the bamboo charcoal importer and depth interviews to the domestic bamboo charcoal manufacturers, using another questionnaires to generic consumer to collect the acceptability of bamboo charcoal products, and then using the SWOT model and the Porter’s five force competitive framework to analyze the competivie environment. After synthetical estimated in the factors of macroenvironment, economics, market of supply and demand, resources utilization, and government policies, although the large amount of cheaper imported bamboo charcoals from mainland China is the greatest threat for the domestic bamboo charcoal manufacturers, the bamboo charcoal industry in Taiwan possesses good development potentiality in the future and it has entered into the growth stage. Its main strategic goals shall be set up to expand market demands with strengthening the publicity of bamboo charcoal multi-functions and to build more charcoal kilns. According to the function of the rational number of charcoal kiln, that was obtained in this study, it shall build more charcoal kilns to reach a rational amount of in 67 kilns to satisfy present demands for generic and industrial consumption. The amount of kiln there are only 29 kilns in Taiwan currently. In addition, the main consumption characteristics of consumers who are willing to buy bamboo charcoals are as follows: with high innovative attitude, with high consciousness risk and price sensitivity, emphasis basic functions of bamboo charcoal and environmental protection function, with less negative impression due to the appearance or functions of bamboo charcoals, with more positive impression from bamboo charcoal products or impetuous character, with higher active green consumption behaviors, with easier be influenced by experts, scholars and environmental protection group, with more care on the promotion and referrals. These consumption characteristics shall be considered as important factors when bamboo charcoal manufacturers and their marketing managers are going to plan marketing strategies.

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41

Chia-HoLin i 林家荷. "Tensegric Membrane Structure Using Bamboo Struts". Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81846757334444692414.

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碩士
國立成功大學
建築學系
103
This study utilized bamboo in tensegric membrane structure to construct a space that can be used as architecture. Being widely distributed in Taiwan, bamboo is an environmentally-friendly material with high availability due to its fast growing and low energy consumption. On this account, bamboo was used in this study as the building material for a lightweight structure proposal. Tensegrity is a relatively new kind of structural system, which contains only pure compression and tension members. The relatively small section it needs makes the system essentially lightweight. Before the design, material tests were performed to verify the mechanical properties of the bamboo and the membrane. Then, the stretch and non-stretch fabric was used as the membrane to study the possible structural form and stability. Two major systems, twisted prism system (TPS) and curved surface system with staggered struts (CSS) were studied. In all proposals, polygon twisted prism (PTP) and parallely arrayed arch with staggered-strut system (PAAS) were further elaborated on form finding and prestress analysis. The analysis result of PTP was used to compare with the structural analysis result of SAP2000 in order to confirm the correctness of component setting, prestress applying, and the use of structural analytical approach when analyzing the tensegrity by adopting SAP2000. Finally, a radiantly arrayed arch with staggered struts (RAAS) was practically constructed in a large scale (1:2) model to verify the feasibility of the design. The details of the practical construction were designed in consideration of available hardware, the restrictions of boundaries, and the site condition. The structure was constructed with manual labor and successfully stood on its own.

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Shu-HengLin i 林書亨. "Study on Antisepticization of Bamboo Structure". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/tkje4x.

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碩士
國立成功大學
建築學系
105
SUMMARY The purpose of this research paper is to analyze the variation to the strength and intensity of bamboo under two different antiseptic process in Taiwan:1 the ancient natural antiseptic process,and 2; the modern chemical antiseptic process. The research attempts show which of the chemical antiseptic processes is best suited to be used in place of the natural antiseptic process. Infrastructure: The literature review explains briefly the types and characteristics of bamboo, mildew on the architecture of bamboo material and the development of bamboo antiseptic process/techniques. Based on the Literature Review, our experiments used three year-old phyllostachys pubescen (孟宗竹), D. latiforus Munro(麻竹), and bambusa stenostachya(莿竹) in four different anti processes: seawater immersion, high-temperature desiccation, ACQ-3 perfusion at high temperatures, and one control group. The experiments wereconducted by universal testing machine to analyze the outcomes. Types of bamboo Experimental Results (Compression strength after the antiseptic process) Phyllostachys pubescen high-temperature desiccation〉 immersing in seawater〉 ACQ-3 perfusion in high temperature D. latiforus Munro immersing in seawater〉 ACQ-3 perfusion in high temperature Bambusa stenostachya minor difference Keywords: bamboo structure, bamboo architecture, antiseptic process

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43

Yu, Xiaobing [Verfasser]. "Bamboo: structure and culture : utilizing bamboo in the industrial context with reference to its structural and cultural dimensions / vorgelegt von Xiaobing Yu". 2008. http://d-nb.info/987409050/34.

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44

Sun, Bai-Kuan, i 孫百寬. "Estimation of stand structure and carbon storage on Ma bamboo and Moso bamboo". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50980703029782606040.

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碩士
國立中興大學
森林學系所
101
The purpose of this research was to compare the diameter distribution, biomass and carbon storage between different management levels and species of Ma bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus) and Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) plantations. The study area was located in Nantou county. Four management levels, namely, intensive management (pure forest, with thinning, fertilize and irrigation), extensive management (only with thinning), mixed forest and not management were classified in management levels. Each species had 6 bamboo stands. The Ma bamboo stands included intensive management, extensive management and mixed forest, The Moso bamboo stands included intensive management, extensive management and not management. The results showed that the DBH on Ma bamboo had obvious difference between different management levels (p<0.05), the intensive management (7.43±0.85 cm) was higher than extensive management (4.70±0.91 cm) and mixed forest (6.1±0.13 cm). In addition, using the Weibull probability density function to model stand diameter distribution, and good simulative effects of Ma bamboo and Moso bamboo stands were obtained by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, implying that maximum likelihood estimation had a well fitness for the Weibull function more than percentile estimation. Moreover, the study using allometric equation to modle stands biomass of Ma bamboo and Moso bamboo. The aboveground biomass on Ma bamboo stands, intensive management (32.62~39.60 Mg ha-1), mixed forest (12.97 Mg ha-1), extensive management (12.38~12.48 Mg ha-1) and the aboveground biomass on Moso bamboo stands, intensive management (61.98~79.91 Mg ha-1), extensive management (38.59~47.13 Mg ha-1), not management (62.9 Mg ha-1), the results showed that the biomass was different between intensive management and extensive management, and the growth situation of Ma bamboo and Moso bamboo was intensive management better than extensive management. The results of carbon storage showed that the Concentration of carbon in each parts had obvious difference between Ma bamboo and Moso bamboo (p<0.05), the Moso bamboo was better than Ma bamboo, therefore the benefit of carbon storage was Moso bamboo better than Ma bamboo.

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45

Chen, Chun-Chieh, i 陳俊杰. "The Structural Analysis of Bamboo Mosaic Virus". Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66806735887722248852.

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博士
國立中興大學
生物科技學研究所
103
Most viruses use a hollow protein shell, the capsid, to package the viral genome, either RNA or DNA. Virus capsids are large, symmetric oligomers made of many copies of one or a few types of protein subunits. Self-assembly of a viral capsid is a complex oligomerization process that proceeds along a pathway regulated by ordered interactions between the participating protein subunits, and that involves a series of (usually transient) assembly intermediates. Assembly of many virus capsids requires the assistance of scaffolding proteins or the viral nucleic acid, which interact with the capsid subunits to promote and direct the process. Once assembled, many capsids undergo a maturation reaction that involves covalent modification and/or conformational rearrangements, which may increase the stability of the virus particle. The final, mature capsid is a relatively robust protein complex able to protect the viral genome from physicochemical aggressions; however, it is also a metastable, dynamic structure poised to undergo controlled conformational transitions required to perform biologically critical functions during virus entry into cells, intracellular trafficking, and viral genome unloading. The function-driven conformation transitions are affected by temperature, pH, ionic strength, solvent, ligands and effector molecules, and interactions with other molecules. Thus, the structural analysis of viruses forms a basis for understanding viral functions in its life cycle. Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) is a single-stranded RNA virus with a flexible filamentous morphology. It has become one of the model Potexvirus for basic research not only because of its impacts on agriculture, but also its application in biotechnology through great efforts by several research groups in Taiwan pioneered by Dr. Lin, Na-Sheng and Dr. Hsu, Yau-Heiu. However, its lack of the atomic structure model limited the understanding in its virion assembly, structural stability, virus infectious cycle, and the further applications in nano-technology in bio-engineering. In order to fill the structural knowledge of BaMV, several BaMV-CP mutants were analyzed in this 8-years-long research. At the early attempts of the research, we used various technologies including tilt-pair single particle analysis (Part 2), x-ray fiber diffraction, cryo-electron microscopy (CryoEM) with charge-coupled device (CCD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) (part 3) without conclusive results. Until a direct-detector-device (DDD) was introduced to capture CryoEM images followed by 3D reconstruction using the iterative helical real space reconstruction (IHRSR) algorithm and Rosetta program, the near-atomic structure of BaMV was obtained (Part 4). Combining protein and RNA structural data, the first near atomic structural model of flexible filamentous virus was finally determined. According to the model, the RNA and CP subunits of BaMV follow a left-handed path, instead of a right-handed as proposed. In contrast to the compact assembly of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) subunits, BaMV contains a compact core with extended N- and C-terminal portions that make contacts with surrounding subunits in both the same and adjacent turns. The flexible links between the core and the extensions allow the virion to bend and twist while still maintaining its structural integrity. The new finding will help the understanding BaMV, a flexible filamentous virus, in its CP interaction with viral RNA, its virion assembly, its structural stability, the development of viral vectors and can be potentially useful for biotechnology, such as in vaccines, biomaterials for drug delivery or imaging, or recombinant protein production in plants.

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46

洪偉誠. "Flexural Properties of Structural Bamboo/Wood Composite Beams". Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15854236619430528772.

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碩士
國立屏東科技大學
木材工業系
91
The development of structural bamboo/wood composite beams and the evaluation on the bending properties was performed in the study. The factors include bamboo species, orientation of bamboo lamina, and thickness of laminated bamboo. Japanese cedar lumber was used as flange materials. Bamboo member was laminated in either vertical or horizontal directions to from the thickness of 0.6, 1.8, and 3.0 cm. The box beams were also reinforced with either 10d box nail or wood screws along the connection between flange and web. The solid wood beams and box beams were also included for the comparison. The results indicated that the critical failures were always occurred at the finger joints located at lower edges of center part of beams. The value of MOR for Moso bamboo composite beams is 17% higher than that of Ma bamboo beams. In general, values of MOR and MOE for bamboo/wood composite beams are 55.7% and 34.4% higher than those of Japanese cedar solid wood beams, respectively. Similarly, the values of MOR and MOE for bamboo/wood box beams are 39.6% and 47.5% higher than those of solid wood beams in same cross section of dimension, respectively. The improvement in MOR of Bamboo/wood box beams is found, i.e., 67.2% and 70%, respectively when the connection between flanges and webs are reinforced with 10d box nails or wood screws.

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47

Tseng, Tzu-Ting, i 曾子亭. "Multi-Joint and Digital Structure Simulation Program for Bamboo". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ebvdu5.

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碩士
國立交通大學
建築研究所
105
Modern application of bamboo is mostly used on temporary installations. The difficulty of applying bamboo makes this material less appealing, mostly for two reasons. First, bamboo is a natural material, and therefore the radius of each bamboo stalk is different, making it hard to work on. Bamboo is also hard for any force to be evenly applied, which makes bamboo a fragile material. Second, there are two ways of constructing bamboo in adaption to bamboo’s natural properties. One traditional way is to use ropes; the other more modern way is to use metal. The former way requires a lot of time, effort and experience, while the latter damages the bamboo’s structure when penetrating the bamboo. Also with the latter method, the exposed potion of the bamboo is prone to rot. This research aims to discover the potentials of bamboo, in the hope to find a way apart from the traditional rope method and the more modern metal method to use bamboo as a building material. This research puts the joint and structure of bamboo as its innovative objective. This research uses practical operation and parameterized simulation as its research method, which incorporates repetitive tests and corrections. The first stage is to analyze data, followed by the production of three types of bamboo attachments and joints. 6 joint types can be produced according to the data analysis, and based on these types, there can be 16 different combinations, according to which, joints are produced and tested. The second stage is to perform simulations with digital tools based on actual conditions learnt from the first stage. In combination with the design of adaptable joints, variable parameters are put into scripts witch consequently define a procedure to automatically simulate the construction of bamboo. This research sets goals on adaptable joints and the simulation of bamboo construction, with the intent to pioneer new ways to construct with bamboo. Firstly, adaptable joints not only save time and effort, they also reduce the possibility of damaging the bamboo. As the joints can be mass produced and easily arranged, they can potentially make bamboo constructions more efficient. Secondly, the digital design process allows designers to simulate the construction of bamboo based on actual conditions. With these two goals achieved, rate of acceptance and usage of bamboo may increase, making bamboo a new option for construction.

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48

Huang, Jengyi, i 黃正宜. "Structure Design on Laminated Bamboo Applies to Bicycle Frames". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26115188652344818301.

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碩士
大葉大學
設計暨藝術學院碩士班
100
Bicycle manufacturers at home and abroad over the years, they want to develop environmentally friendly bicycle, the bamboo applies to bicycle frames are toughness and elasticity. These bamboo bicycles have through the EU bike regulations (eg EN14781). The bamboo of fiber averaged after laminated and glued ,this will decentralized stress. Bending can also be conducted and strength and hardness, anti-pull strength values have a good performance. The design by the advantages of laminated bamboo, Mini Velo as a template to design a new type of bike frame, and use the computer graphics software to identify suitable bonding structure of this material to easily import mechanical mass production manufacturing, assembly and general specifications of standard bicycle parts. These design will be provided to manufacturers, R & D on the laminated bamboo bikes.

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49

Hsu, Yuantien, i 徐雲天. "A Design of Applying Mechanical Structure System in Bamboo Handicraft Furniture". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81292660196961791639.

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碩士
實踐大學
工業產品設計學系碩士班
100
Taiwan has a wealth of bamboo material and bamboo craft talents. In recent years, bamboo design furniture from Taiwan received favorable reviews from all over the world. These bamboo furniture employed challenging bamboo craft techniques and explored the possibilities of bamboo as a material. Those designs showcased the flexibility of bamboo, without sacrificing the stability of the furniture, and were therefore more difficult in both development and production. Besides, bamboo furniture in Taiwan is mostly designed as one-off, experimental products, and still has a long way to go when it comes to mass production and serial development.In the field of architecture, designers found optimal proposals in mechanics and aesthetics by consulting structure system. Modern architecture solves mechanical problems with analysis by computer software. Furniture design can also be compared to micro-architecture. Therefore, this design attempts to apply structure system and structure analysis on the design and development of bamboo furniture, in order to achieve stability and flexibility in seating and to show the structural aesthetics of the bamboo craft. To make mass production more possible, an easier bamboo craft technique was employed. A Mechanical testing and design implementation was conducted to verify the theory.This design combines the linearity and diversity of architecture vector structure with the heat-bending bamboo tube craft, resulting in a bamboo craft structural unit, developing from the unit into series furniture, and highlighting the features and structural analysis of bamboo craft. With Chinese National Standards and the software Generative Structure Analysis, a structure analysis was conducted. Furthermore, Taguchi Design Method was employed for expanding and optimizing the structure. Mechanical testing showed that the structure was able to take 200(kg) of weight, and had a 10(mm) pre-elasticity.This way enhancing efficiency in the developing process and cutting costs. By design implementation, the designer gained a better understanding of bamboo craft and material, and proposed bamboo furniture designs that are more unique and easier to produce. Compared to traditional production methods that heavily relied on personal experiences, the data in the analysis process were all explicit knowledge, and can serve as references for future designers who attempt to adopt this development mode.

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50

LIAO, JU-WEN, i 廖儒文. "The Study of the Bamboo Charcoal Textile’s Competitive Strategy and Channel Structure". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39375910755508609408.

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碩士
輔仁大學
織品服裝學系
99
Domestic textile industry was facing tough competition in the international market. Our textile industry continuously used OEM-orientated as the resources and capabilities of competitive strategy planning and to get the sustainable competitive advantage. Facing the changing environment, we should have the strategy thinking to integrate the channel and brand to create the value added by using the current resources and capabilities. This research was a case study. The literature review was to explore the resources and capabilities of the brand channel members. And what were the resources and capabilities to set up the channel strategy, and how to gain the sustainable competitive advantage. The result found that corporate resources and capabilities could be better applied as follows: 1. If corporate had a better efficiency; they could use the cost leadership strategy, meanwhile adopting the extensive channel strategy. 2. If corporate had a better quality; they could use the cost leadership strategy, meanwhile adopt the integrated channel strategy. 3. If corporate had a better innovation; they could use the differentiation strategy, meanwhile adopting the extensive channel strategy, and low cost manufacture and marketing process. 4. If corporate had a better customer response, they could use efficiency, quality and innovation to create value added and differentiation and cost leadership strategy. 5. The cost leadership strategy was applied to the short level channel structure; meanwhile the cost leadership strategy was applied to high integrated channel, to speed the mutual communication and create the competitive advantage.

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