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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Baltin”

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Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 31 stycznia 2023

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1

Tereshchenko, A. V., N. N. Yudina i D. K. Solovev. "Problems of localization of an intraocular impacted foreign body. Clinical case". Modern technologies in ophtalmology, nr 1 (29.05.2021): 230–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.25276/2312-4911-2021-1-230-233.

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The article describes a clinical case of an eye injury with presence an intraocular foreign body (IFB), the localization of which was problematic. Patient T was 28 years old, was admitted with complaints of lack of vision, redness and lacrimation from the left eye. From the anamnesis – while working, he hit metal with a hammer, and the scale flew off into the left eye. In addition to the standard ophthalmologic examination, electrophysiological examination, B-scan and UBM were performed. According to the B-scan data, high optical density IFB was detected in the shells 9 mm from the upper border of the optic disc, in the 1-hour meridian, approximately 3.5 mm long. According to the X-ray data of the orbit in 2 projections, an X-ray contrast shadow, metal density, up to 3.0 mm in size was revealed. Radiography of Baltin–Comberg was not performed due to the lack of technical capability. During a standard three-port vitrectomy in the area of possible foreign body occurrence, the retina was damaged, there was a local detachment, but the foreign body itself was not visualized. In addition, during a thorough, detailed examination using a sclerocompressor, no visible defects of the sclera were found transvitreally. In the early postoperative period, the patient was performed with a computed tomogram, where the presence of a foreign body was confirmed, which was adjacent to the posterior wall of the eyeball for 1 hour with clear contours, measuring 3х3 mm. Taking into account the non-standard situation, the absence of a foreign body in the vitreous cavity, it was decided to re-search and remove the foreign body by using of the diascleral method. For a clearer contrast, diaphanoscopy was used, which made it possible to visualize and accurately localize a foreign body in the layers of the sclera. Conclusion. In the presence of IFB for search and precise localization, it is first of all necessary to perform the radiological Baltin-Comberg method. In cases when FB is not visualized intraoperatively, is impaled into the layers of the eye and the radiological Baltin-Comberg method has not been performed, diaphanoscopy of the eye is the optimal auxiliary method for searching for «hidden» foreign bodies. Key words: intraocular foreign body, radiological method of Baltin-Comberg, diaphanoscopy of the eye.

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2

Ai, Ruixi Ressy. "Topic-Comment Structure, Focus Movement, and Gapping Formation". Linguistic Inquiry 45, nr 1 (styczeń 2014): 125–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling_a_00150.

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While canonical gapping in English can be analyzed as either VPellipsis (e.g., Sag 1976 , Pesetsky 1982 , Jayaseelan 1990 , Lasnik 1999a , Johnson 2000 , Coppock 2001 , Lin 2002 , Baltin 2003 , Takahashi 2004 ) or across-the-board V/VP-movement ( Johnson 1994 , 2004 , 2006 , 2009 ), certain English-like gapping constructions in Modern Mandarin are argued to be multiple sentence fragments, formed by a series of syntactic operations that involve topicalization, focus movement, and IP-deletion.

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Boas, Hans C. "Review of Baltin & Collins (2001): The Handbook of Contemporary Syntactic Theory". Studies in Language 29, nr 1 (11.03.2005): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.29.1.11boa.

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Raschke, Ehrhard. "Editorial: BALTEX: Baltic Sea Experiment". Meteorologische Zeitschrift 9, nr 1 (26.04.2000): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/metz/9/2000/5.

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Raschke, Ehrhard. "Editorial: BALTEX: Baltic Sea Experiment". Meteorologische Zeitschrift 9, nr 2 (14.07.2000): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/metz/9/2000/75.

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6

Pakerys, Jurgis. "Baltic context of some Estonian periphrastic causative constructions". Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 8, nr 1 (21.03.2017): 179–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2017.8.1.10.

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I discuss 4 Estonian periphrastic causative constructions based on laskma, andma, panema, and sundima with respect to semantic shift from non-causative to causative use. These constructions have parallels in Baltic, and I suggest that laskma belongs to the largest area of development, ‘release’ > ‘let’, attested in many Finno-Ugric and Indo-European languages, notably, in Germanic, Baltic, and to some extent, Slavic. The verb andma, which evolved as ‘give’ > ‘let’ (> ‘be possible’), belongs to a smaller area of similar changes that occurred in Finnic, Baltic, and Slavic, while panema as ‘put’ > ‘make’ belongs to the smallest area (some Finnic and some Baltic languages). The verb sundima, as a Slavic loan, has parallel borrowings in a number of Finnic and Baltic languages, but only in Estonian has the causative use of this predicate developed.Kokkuvõte. Jurgis Pakerys: Mõnede eesti keele perifrastiliste kausatiivkonstruktsioonide balti kontekst. Artiklis võetakse verbide laskma, andma, panema ja sundima näitel vaatluse alla eesti keele perifrastiline kausatiivkonstruktsioon. Autor keskendub verbide tähendusnihetele mittekausatiivsest kasutusest kausatiivse suunas. Konstruktsioonidel on vasted balti keeltes. Autori hinnangul kuulub verb laskma (‘lahti laskma’ > ‘laskma’) suurimasse muutusalasse, s.t seda leidub paljudes soome-ugri ja indoeuroopa keeltes, sh germaani, balti, mingil määral ka slaavi keeltes. Verb andma, mis on läbi teinud arengu ‘andma’ > ‘laskma’(>‘võimalik olema’), kuulub väiksemasse läänemeresoome, balti ja slaavi keeltes toimunud sarnaste muutuste areaali. Verb panema (‘panema’ > ‘sundima’) kuulub kõige väiksemasse muutusalasse, esinedes vaid mõnes läänemeresoome ja balti keeles. Verbil sundima on slaavi laenuna vasteid mitmes läänemeresoome ja balti keeles, kuid kausatiivne kasutus on sel predikaadil välja kujunenud vaid eesti keeles.Märksõnad: perifrastilised kausatiivkonstruktsioonid; faktitiivsed kausatiivkonstruktsioonid; permissiivsed kausatiivkonstruktsioonid; läänemeresoome keeled; balti keeled; Balti areaal

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7

Paul, Ileana M. "Mark Baltin and Chris Collins, eds. The Handbook of Contemporary Syntactic Theory. Oxford: Blackwell. 2001. Pp. xii + 860. US$131.95 (hardcover)." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 47, nr 1-2 (czerwiec 2002): 96–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100018090.

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8

HAEBERLI, ERIC. "Mark Baltin & Chris Collins (eds.), The handbook of contemporary syntactic theory. Malden, MA & Oxford: Blackwell, 2001. Pp. xii+860." Journal of Linguistics 40, nr 1 (marzec 2004): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226703222362.

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9

Frantz, Donald G. "Mark R. Baltin and Anthony S. Kroch, eds. Alternative Conceptions of Phrase Structure. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1989. Pp. xi + 315." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 36, nr 2 (czerwiec 1991): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100014341.

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10

Steele, Susan. "Mark R. Baltin and Anthony S. Kroch (eds), Alternative conceptions of phrase structure. University of Chicago: Chicago Press, 1989. Pp. xi + 315." Journal of Linguistics 27, nr 1 (marzec 1991): 250–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700012536.

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11

GUNJI, TAKAO. "Alternative Conceptions of Phrase Structure. Edited by MARK R. BALTIN AND ANTHONY S. KROCH. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1989, Pp. xii, 315". ENGLISH LINGUISTICS 7 (1990): 198–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.9793/elsj1984.7.198.

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12

Stafecka, Anna. "Baltic and Finnic linguistic relations reflected in geolinguistic studies of the Baltic languages". Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 5, nr 2 (11.12.2014): 117–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2014.5.2.06.

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The article provides insight into the reflection of Baltic and Finnic language contacts in geolinguistic studies of the Baltic languages. These contacts have a rather long history, and are particularly intense between the Latvian language and Finnic languages (especially Livonian and Estonian). In Lithuanian, Finnic borrowings have mostly appeared through Latvian, and fall into the dialectal Lithuanian vocabulary. The analysed material makes it possible to distinguish several areas of Finnic influences in Latvian sub-dialects. They are as follows: 1) the territory of the Livonian dialect which originated from Latvian-Livonian contact; 2) the sub-dialects along the Estonian border; 3) the sub-dialects around Gulbene and Alūksne; 4) the territory of the krieviņi (descendants of people who spoke Votic) in the Zemgale region; and 5) the sub-dialects in the Latgale region around Ludza. Geolinguistic research on language contacts may be helpful in solving certain problems of ethnic history.Kokkuvõte. Anna Stafecka: Balti ja läänemeresoome keelesuhete kajastus balti keelte geolingvistilistes uurimustes. Artikkel esitab ülevaate balti ja läänemeresoome keelesuhete kajastamisest balti keelte geolingvistilistes uurimustes. Neil kontaktidel on küllaltki pikk ajalugu ja need on eriti tugevad läti ja läänemeresoome keelte (eriti liivi ja eesti keele) vahel. Leedu keelde on läänemeresoome laenud saadud peamiselt läti keele vahendusel ja need kuuluvad leedu murdesõnavarasse. Analüüsitud materjal võimaldab eristada Läti murrakutes mitut läänemeresoome mõjupiirkonda: 1) läti-liivi kontaktide mõjul kujunenud liivipärase murde ala; 2) Eesti piiri äärsed murrakud; 3) Gulbene ja Alūksne ümbruse murrakud; 4) kreevinite (vadja keele kõnelejate järglaste) ala Zemgales ja 5) Ludza ümbruse murrakud Latgales. Keelekontaktide geolingvistiline uurimine võib kaasa aidata etnilise ajaloo küsimuste lahendamisele.Märksõnad: dialektoloogia, geolingvistika, balti-läänemeresoome keelekontaktid, murdeatlased

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Kiss, Álmos Péter, Roland Kiss i Mariann Vecsey. "Az Oroszországi Föderáció baltikumi A2/AD képességeinek és a NATO válaszlépéseinek elemzése : I. rész". Haditechnika 55, nr 4 (2021): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.23713/ht.55.4.05.

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A Svéd Védelmi Kutatóintézet által 2019-ben és 2020-ban kiadott két tanulmánykötet („Bursting the Bubble – Understanding the Full Spectrum of the Russian A2AD Threat and Identifying Strategies for Counteraction”, valamint a „Beyond Bursting the Bubble – Russian A2AD in the Baltic Sea Region: Capabilities, Countermeasures, and Implications”) szerzői azt vizsgálták, hogy a kalinyingrádi orosz exklávéba telepített A2/AD képességek hogyan hatnak a három balti NATO tagállam (Észtország, Lettország és Litvánia) védelmére, illetve a Balti-tenger szabad használatára. Jelen írás a két tanulmánykötet megállapításait mutatja be, elemzi és egészíti ki.

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Kiss, Álmos Péter, Roland Kiss i Mariann Vecsey. "Az Oroszországi Föderáció baltikumi A2/AD képességeinek és a NATO válaszlépéseinek elemzése II. rész". Haditechnika 55, nr 5 (2021): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.23713/ht.55.5.05.

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A svéd Totalförsvarets Forskningsinstitut védelmi kutatóintézet 2019-ben és 2020-ban kiadott tanulmány kötetei (Bursting the Bubble – Understanding the Full - - Spectrum of the Russian A2AD Threat and Identifying Strategies for Counteraction, valamint a Beyond Bursting the Bubble – Russian A2AD in the Baltic Sea Region: Capabilities, Countermeasures, and Implications1) azt vizsgálta, hogy a kalinyingrádi orosz exklávéba telepített A2/AD képességek hogyan hatnak a három balti NATO-tagállam védelmére, illetve a Balti-tenger szabad használatára. A magyar szerzők, alábbi írásukban bemutatják, elemzik és kiegészítik a tanulmánykötetek megállapításait. A cikk második része a lehetséges NATO ellenintézkedéseket tárgyalja az orosz A2/AD képességekkel szemben.

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15

Vaba, Lembit. "Curonian linguistic elements in Livonian". Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 5, nr 1 (1.07.2014): 173–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2014.5.1.09.

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Researchers of Finnic languages have stressed the special position of Livonian among its close relatives due to the great number of Latvian loan elements. The Latvian influence is noteworthy and present in all levels of the language. Baltic influence on Livonian is, however, more diverse both linguistically and chronologically. Livonians, especially Courland Livonians have been in contact with Curonians – their close neighbours – for a longer period of time. This is because Livonian has preserved a number of linguistic elements from Old Curonian – a language that belonged to the Baltic language group. The nature of Curonian and its position among other Baltic language has been – and still is – a matter of dispute. In the article, the possible Curonian elements in various levels of Livonian are presented and analysed.Kokkuvõte. Lembit Vaba: Kura keele aines liivi keeles. Läänemeresoome keelte uurijad on rõhutanud liivi keele eriasendit võrreldes teiste läänemeresoome keeltega rohkete läti laenelementide tõttu. Läti keele mõju liivi keelele on tõepoolest ulatuslik, ilmnedes kõigil keeletasanditel. Siiski balti mõju liivi keelele on lingvistiliselt ja ajaliselt mitmekihiline. Liivlastel, eriti Kuramaa liivlastel on pikka aega olnud kontakte kurelaste ehk kuršidega, kes olid nende vahetud naabrid. Seetõttu on liivi keel säilitanud mitmeid keelelisi elemente kunagisest kura keelest, mis kuulus balti keelte hulka. Kura keele olemus ja koht teiste balti keelte hulgas on olnud ja on üha vaidlusteema. Selles artiklis tuuakse esile ja analüüsitakse võimalikku kura keele ainest liivi keele eri tasanditel.Märksõnad: substraat, adstraat, keelekontaktid, läänemeresoome keeled, liivi keel, balti keeled, kura keelKubbõvõttõks. Lembit Vaba: Kuršõd kīel ain līvõ kīels. Vāldamiersūomõ kīeld tuņšlijid ātõ pāinatõn ku līvõ kīel um īžki munt vāldamiersūomõ kīeld siegās, sīepierāst ku līvõ kīels um pǟgiņ leţkīelst perīņ elementidi. Leţkīel mȯjjimi līvõ kīel pǟlõ um tuodpūolst laigāli, se um nägţõb amši kīel tazāpīndis. Baltõd mȯjjimi līvõ kīel pǟlõ um nei kīel ku āiga pūolstõ setkȭrdali. Līvliztõn, īžkiz Kurāmō līvliztõn um kōgiņ aigõ vȯnd kubbõpūtimiži mōkurāliztõks agā kuršõdõks, kis vȯļtõ nänt kāimad. Sīepierāst um līvõ kīelsõ īend pǟgiņ kīel elementidi jedlõmist kurā kīelst, mis kūliz baltõd kīeld sieggõ. Kurā kēļ ja sīe kūož munt baltõd kīeld siegās um īdõkabāl vȯnd iļrõkūd temāt. Sīes kēras sōb vaņţõltõd kurā kīel võibizt ainõ līvõ kīel īžkis tazāpīndis.

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Lang, Valter. "Early Finnic-Baltic contacts as evidenced by archaeological and linguistic data". Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 7, nr 1 (14.09.2016): 11–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2016.7.1.01.

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Long-lasting and intense contacts between Finnic and Baltic tribes resulted in the linguistic and material intertwining of the cultures of these two groups, which belong to two different language families. This article concentrates on some interesting connections between both cultures, while attempting to explain and illustrate language contacts using the archaeological record. First, some semantically connected groups of Baltic loanwords in Proto-Finnic will be analysed in order to establish their time and place of borrowing. Next, the Late Bronze Age contacts will be shown to have been the most intensive. The borrowing of the Finnic name Kalev/Kaleva from Baltic kalvis/kalējs ‘smith’, which first was argued in my earlier paper written in Estonian (Lang 2012), is among the evidence for the intensity of these contacts. This is followed by a discussion of bronze work and the casting of bronze rings by these smiths or kalevs, and ends with an examination of the use of these rings as offerings and for taxation.Kokkuvõte. Valter Lang: Läänemeresoome–balti kontaktid arheoloogiliste ja keeleliste andmete alusel. Algläänemeresoome ja idapoolsete balti hõimude pikaaegsed ja tihedad kontaktid tõid kaasa nende kahe eri keelkonda kuuluva rühma materiaalse ja vaimse kultuuri (sh keele) läbipõimumise. Artikkel keskendub mõningatele huvipakkuvatele seostele mõlema rühma kultuuris, püüdes keelekontakte selgitada ja näitlikustada arheoloogilise andmestikuga. Kõigepealt käsitletakse mõnda balti laensõnade semantiliselt seotud rühma algläänemeresoome keeles eesmärgiga teha kindlaks nende laenamise aeg ja koht. Seejärel iseloomustatakse lähemalt kõige intensiivsemaid, nooremal pronksiajal aset leidnud kontakte, analüüsides sealhulgas võimalust tuletada läänemeresoome Kalev/Kaleva nime balti sõnast kalvis/kalējs tähendusega ‘sepp’, mida autor esmakordselt põhjendas ühes oma varasemas eestikeelses artiklis (Lang 2012). See teema viib lõpuks välja pronksi ja eriti pronksvõrude valmistamiseni nendesamade seppade või kalevite poolt ning nende võrude kasutamiseni ohverdamisel ja maksustamisel.Märksõnad: arheoloogia ja keel, läänemeresoome-balti kontaktid, pronksiaeg, pronksvõrud pronksi varuna ja ohverdus- ning maksuvahendinaKubbõvõttõks. Valter Lang: Vāldamiersūomlizt–baltõd siḑmõd arheolōgij ja kīel tīetõkst pūoj pǟl. Vāldamiersūomlizt ja mōgõrpūolizt baltõd sugūd pitkāāigaližist ja sagdižist siḑmist sugīz nänt kǭd īžkiz kīelkub jagūd materiāliz ja vaimliz kultūr (neiīž kīeld) lebbõpaļštimi. Kēra kontsentrīerõb mȯlmõd kultūrõd mingizt interesantõd siḑmõd pǟlõ, kǭļõs seļțõ ja nägțõbõks tīedõ arheologilizt tīetõks abkõks. Amājedsõ sōbõd vaņtõltõd baltõd kēļšti täpīņțõd sõnād mingizt semantilizt gruppõ nänt täpīņțimiz āiga ja kūož vizāks tīemiz pierāst. Sīetagān sōb traktõd amā intensīvõd, nūorimiz brōnza aigizt siḑmõd ilā, vaņtlõs võimizt seļțõ vāldamiersūomõ nimmõ Kalev/Kaleva baltõ sõnāst kalvis/kalējs ‘siepā, kaļāj’, neiku autor um siedā ežmõks pūojtõn ēsti kīelsõ (Lang 2012). Lopāndõksõks vīb se temāt brōnza ja īžkiz brōnza rīnkõd tagāmiz jūr nänt īž kaļājd pūold ja nänt rīnkõd kȭlbatimiz jūr uppõrtõmiz ja maksūd võtāmiz jūs.

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Barinov, I. I. "Does the «Baltic Land» exist? Rethinking the political positioning of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania (2014–2021)". Urgent Problems of Europe, nr 2 (2022): 146–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/ape/2022.02.08.

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The political self-positioning of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania often remains on the periphery of research interest while studying political processes in the European Union. This is partly due to the usual attribution of the Baltic states to the «natural» sphere of influence of Russia, and partly to the idea of the specificity and «regionality» of this issue. As far as we can judge, the traditional term «Baltic Land» (Baltia) in relation to Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania has lost its significance, and those countries represent themselves as independent actors, striving to overwhelm this imposed community. A closer study of the Baltic issues shows that the positions of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania were shaped in complicated historical conditions, and despite geographical proximity, are unique in each case. The idea of their initial cohesion turns out to be speculative. The relatively small size and limited political opportunities of the Baltic states paradoxically contributed to the fact that Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania have always promoted the interests of their nations first. Their unity was at the same time an expression of unfavorable external conjuncture. Contrary to the public declarations of the Baltic states, the European identity is rather used as a moral category, whereas the national agenda always prevails. Overall, the «real politics» on the part of official Tallinn, Riga, and Vilnius are actually associated not with European, but Euro-Atlantic integration. It can be assumed that the Baltic states’ accession to the EU and NATO fixed the imperatives of their foreign policy developed by that time, and such events as the Ukrainian and Belarusian crises only actualize them.

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Volodina, Nataliya. "Baltic Studies at the Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Round Table on the 25th Anniversary of Research and the Release of the 10th Collection of the Serial Publication “Russia and the Baltic States”". ISTORIYA 13, nr 3 (113) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840020926-7.

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The academic meeting was held on the occasion of 25 years of studies into the history of the Baltic states and peoples in the Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences and of the publication of the 10th issue of the series “Russia and Baltia”. The meeting was opened by the Scientific Director of IVI RAS, Academician A. O. Chubarian. The head of the Centre for the History of the Northern Europe and the Baltic States Dr. A. A. Komarov, the Centre's researchers Dr. E. L. Nazarova and Dr. Y. L. Mikhailova, as well as the researcher of the Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences Dr. I. A. Kukushkina made presentations on the reasons and main objectives of this research area. The speakers stressed that the need for a systematic study of the history of the Baltic countries and peoples arose in IVI RAS after the reestablishment of the independent Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania republics in 1991. The history of the Eastern Baltic region as a part of the Nordic space is studied in parallel with the history of Scandinavia and Finland. The main problems to be studied are related to the history of the formation of the modern Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian nations in the context of the imperial policy of the Russian state, the creation of the Latvian, Estonian and Lithuanian states, their domestic and foreign policies, including their diplomatic relations with the Soviet Russia/USSR, the history of Latvian, Estonian and Lithuanian diasporas in Russia and the post-Soviet space.

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Iwanowska, Grażyna. "Excavations at the Jegliniec hillfort – recent developments in Balt archaeology". Antiquity 65, nr 248 (wrzesień 1991): 684–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00080315.

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The Jatvings, closely related to the Old Prussian, Lithuanian and Latvian tribes, belonged to the Baltic branch of the Indo-Europeans who, in the 5th century BC, migrated north up the Driieper river to settle the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. (Die Balten 1987: 18, 20). On the evidence available, Jatvingia as a complex of tribal communities emerged in the second half of the 1st millennium AD. The historical home of the Jatvings was in the northeastern corner of modern Poland and in the adjacent parts of modern Lithuania. It stretched eastwards across the Masurian Lakeland to the river Neman, touching on the Biebrza river valley in the south and the upper Sheshupa valley in the north (FIGURE 1). Information on Jatvingians survives in early mediaeval written sources: Polish documents, the chronicles of the Ruthenian Dukes and the Teutonic Order, Papal Bulls, etc. Interestingly enough, one of the oldest mentions in western European sources comes from an English source – the Otia imperialia written by Gervase of Tilbury.

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Jõeste, Kristi. "Põhjamaade kudumissümpoosion 2018 „Balti eri“ Viljandis / Nordic Knitting Symposium 2018: Baltic Special in Viljandi". Studia Vernacula 9 (6.11.2018): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sv.2018.9.197-206.

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The department of Estonian Native Crafts of the University of Tartu Viljandi Culture Academy hosted the 19th Nordic Knitting Symposium in Viljandi between the 24th of June and the 1st of July. This was the second time the symposium has taken place in Estonia. The gathering hosted a total of 104 participants from 12 different countries, as well as 19 knitting instructors and lecturers. The sub-title ‘Baltic Special’ means that the focus of the symposium was on the traditional knitting of the Baltics and neighbouring regions of Russia, and the instructors and lecturers all came from these countries. There was a tightly-packed programme of workshops, lectures, field trips, exhibitions, a crafts fair and other activities over the six days of the symposium, that had taken a year in planning. Knitting workshops were held on four of the days of the symposium. Two three-hour and two six-hour sessions were planned for each participant. These had to be chosen by participants during their pre-registration in January on the symposium’s website www.sisu.ut.ee/knitting2018. There was a range of workshops which chiefly featured topics directly or indirectly related to traditional Estonian knitting. There were also workshops on topics proposed by the two Latvian, one Lithuanian and two Russian knitting instructors. Four evenings also featured presentations on the history of traditional knitting, the knitted item collections of several museums, and the current revival of heritage knitting. Subjects related to Estonia were covered on two of the evenings. Anu Pink from Saara Publishing House presented a detailed account of archaeological Estonian knitted items from the perspective of a native crafts specialist. Siiri Reimann talked about the hundred-year history of the Haapsalu shawl and how the tradition of knitting Haapsalu shawls is still successfully kept alive. Riina Tomberg gave an overview of the historical knitted items of Estonian Swedes – Pakri, Noarootsi, Vormsi and Ruhnu Coastal Swedes – based on the collections of Estonian and some foreign museums. Kristi Jõeste analysed the factors that have breathed new life into traditional Estonian knitting. The Latvian lecture night on the 27th of June featured researcher Irita Žeiere from the Latvian National History Museum who talked about archaeological finds of knitted items from the 15th to 18th centuries. A total of 50 items have been found in Latvia, which is more than have been found in Estonia. Irita Heinola, curator of textile exhibitions at the same museum, provided participants with an in-depth photographic overview of ethnographic Latvian mittens, stockings and socks found in the museum’s collections. At the Russian lecture night on the 28th of June, Dr. Lyudmila Korolkova gave an overview of the Russian Ethnographical Museum’s collection of FinnoUgric knitting and Olga Konkova presented the ambitious project of the Villaväki Finno-Ugric society from the Leningrad Oblast seeking to revive the knitting of the traditional patterns of the region, drawing upon the collections of various museums. The photographer and knitting enthusiast Albina Lebedeva discussed the present situation of Western Russian knitting: the folk tradition is not in a good state at present, but it could be improved by well-planned promotional and pedagogical activities. On the one day with no workshops, the participants were taken to the Estonian National Museum, where they were able to visit four exhibitions: the permanent exhibition on Estonia, as well as ‘Echo of the Urals’, ‘Regarded as a Norm, Perennially Worn’, and ‘Landscapes of My Fatherland’. The latter exhibition featured the tapestries of Anu Raud. Several exhibitions of knitted items were also displayed in Viljandi in connection to the symposium. Friday’s programme gave the participants the opportunity to have some fun, as after the morning workshops, they were taken to the Heimtali Museum near Viljandi. Knitters from Tõstamaa and Kihnu demonstrated traditional knitted items and knitting, the participants paid a visit to Anu Raud at her farm and viewed unfinished tapestries in her workshop. Anu Raud also gave the participants an in-depth tour of the Heimtali Museum’s textiles collection. Later in the evening, the legendary open-air knitting competition ‘Walk and Knit’ took place for the seventh time. A total of 15 teams (each featuring 4 people) took part. First place went to the Finnish team, second to the joint Norwegian-Finnish team, and third to the joint team of Latvian and Lithuanian teachers. On the 30th of June, the last day of the symposium, tours of the Vilma lecture building of Viljandi Culture Academy and the small wool factory located inside the building took place. In the evening, the symposium concluded with a small exhibition and a gala dinner with thank-you announcements. The location of the next year’s symposium was also announced: the 20th anniversary of the event will be celebrated in Denmark, home of the Gavstrik federation, the founders of the symposium.

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Jõeste, Kristi. "Põhjamaade kudumissümpoosion 2018 „Balti eri“ Viljandis / Nordic Knitting Symposium 2018: Baltic Special in Viljandi". Studia Vernacula 9 (6.11.2018): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sv.2018.9.197-206.

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The department of Estonian Native Crafts of the University of Tartu Viljandi Culture Academy hosted the 19th Nordic Knitting Symposium in Viljandi between the 24th of June and the 1st of July. This was the second time the symposium has taken place in Estonia. The gathering hosted a total of 104 participants from 12 different countries, as well as 19 knitting instructors and lecturers. The sub-title ‘Baltic Special’ means that the focus of the symposium was on the traditional knitting of the Baltics and neighbouring regions of Russia, and the instructors and lecturers all came from these countries. There was a tightly-packed programme of workshops, lectures, field trips, exhibitions, a crafts fair and other activities over the six days of the symposium, that had taken a year in planning. Knitting workshops were held on four of the days of the symposium. Two three-hour and two six-hour sessions were planned for each participant. These had to be chosen by participants during their pre-registration in January on the symposium’s website www.sisu.ut.ee/knitting2018. There was a range of workshops which chiefly featured topics directly or indirectly related to traditional Estonian knitting. There were also workshops on topics proposed by the two Latvian, one Lithuanian and two Russian knitting instructors. Four evenings also featured presentations on the history of traditional knitting, the knitted item collections of several museums, and the current revival of heritage knitting. Subjects related to Estonia were covered on two of the evenings. Anu Pink from Saara Publishing House presented a detailed account of archaeological Estonian knitted items from the perspective of a native crafts specialist. Siiri Reimann talked about the hundred-year history of the Haapsalu shawl and how the tradition of knitting Haapsalu shawls is still successfully kept alive. Riina Tomberg gave an overview of the historical knitted items of Estonian Swedes – Pakri, Noarootsi, Vormsi and Ruhnu Coastal Swedes – based on the collections of Estonian and some foreign museums. Kristi Jõeste analysed the factors that have breathed new life into traditional Estonian knitting. The Latvian lecture night on the 27th of June featured researcher Irita Žeiere from the Latvian National History Museum who talked about archaeological finds of knitted items from the 15th to 18th centuries. A total of 50 items have been found in Latvia, which is more than have been found in Estonia. Irita Heinola, curator of textile exhibitions at the same museum, provided participants with an in-depth photographic overview of ethnographic Latvian mittens, stockings and socks found in the museum’s collections. At the Russian lecture night on the 28th of June, Dr. Lyudmila Korolkova gave an overview of the Russian Ethnographical Museum’s collection of FinnoUgric knitting and Olga Konkova presented the ambitious project of the Villaväki Finno-Ugric society from the Leningrad Oblast seeking to revive the knitting of the traditional patterns of the region, drawing upon the collections of various museums. The photographer and knitting enthusiast Albina Lebedeva discussed the present situation of Western Russian knitting: the folk tradition is not in a good state at present, but it could be improved by well-planned promotional and pedagogical activities. On the one day with no workshops, the participants were taken to the Estonian National Museum, where they were able to visit four exhibitions: the permanent exhibition on Estonia, as well as ‘Echo of the Urals’, ‘Regarded as a Norm, Perennially Worn’, and ‘Landscapes of My Fatherland’. The latter exhibition featured the tapestries of Anu Raud. Several exhibitions of knitted items were also displayed in Viljandi in connection to the symposium. Friday’s programme gave the participants the opportunity to have some fun, as after the morning workshops, they were taken to the Heimtali Museum near Viljandi. Knitters from Tõstamaa and Kihnu demonstrated traditional knitted items and knitting, the participants paid a visit to Anu Raud at her farm and viewed unfinished tapestries in her workshop. Anu Raud also gave the participants an in-depth tour of the Heimtali Museum’s textiles collection. Later in the evening, the legendary open-air knitting competition ‘Walk and Knit’ took place for the seventh time. A total of 15 teams (each featuring 4 people) took part. First place went to the Finnish team, second to the joint Norwegian-Finnish team, and third to the joint team of Latvian and Lithuanian teachers. On the 30th of June, the last day of the symposium, tours of the Vilma lecture building of Viljandi Culture Academy and the small wool factory located inside the building took place. In the evening, the symposium concluded with a small exhibition and a gala dinner with thank-you announcements. The location of the next year’s symposium was also announced: the 20th anniversary of the event will be celebrated in Denmark, home of the Gavstrik federation, the founders of the symposium.

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22

Söhner, Felicitas, Thorsten Halling i Nils Hansson. "Bridging the Baltic". Medizinhistorisches Journal 57, nr 2 (2022): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.25162/mhj-2022-0007.

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Pokrovskaya, L. "Baltic and Balto-Finnish objects at urban properties of the Lyudin Konets of mediaeval Novgorod (after the materials from the Troitsky excavation)". Archaeological News 31 (2021): 113–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/1817-6976-2021-31-113-127.

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Finds of objects of Baltic and West-Finnish provenience constitute a small but stable group at the Troitsky excavation and are encountered in layers of the late 10th — first half of the 14th century. Chronological and topographic analysis of this group of objects allowed the researchers to establish the connections of the owners of the urban properties investigated at the Troitsky excavation, with the Eastern Baltic region, North-Western Ladoga and the North-West of the Novgorod Land.

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24

Nordlund, Sven, Lars Lundqvist i Lars-Olof Persson. "Baltic Regions and Baltic Links". Geografiska Annaler. Series B, Human Geography 78, nr 2 (1996): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/490815.

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Bruns, Florian. "Brückenschlag über die Ostsee". Medizinhistorisches Journal 57, nr 2 (2022): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.25162/mhj-2022-0004.

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Oude Elferink, Alex G. "Baltic". International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 9, nr 1 (1994): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180894x00359.

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Bunkśe, Edmunds V. "Baltic peoples, Baltic culture, and Europe". GeoJournal 33, nr 1 (maj 1994): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00810130.

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Holvoet, Axel, Liina Lindström, Anna Daugavet i Asta Laugalienė. "Irrealis in Baltic and Baltic Fennic". Baltic Linguistics 12, nr 12 (3.01.2022): 349–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.32798/bl.928.

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This article is a study in the use of irrealis in complementation in the two Baltic languages, Lithuanian and Latvian, and in two Fennic languages, Estonian and Finnish. Four domains of complementation are singled out: propositional, desiderative, apprehensional and evaluative. All investigated languages show limited use of irrealis in the propositional domain (in identical conditions, viz. under main clause negation), as well as in the apprehensional and evaluative domains. The most important differences are observed in the state-of-affairs domain, in particular with desiderative predicates, where Lithuanian shows consistent irrealis marking whereas Finnish has mostly realis. Estonian and Latvian are intermediate. Estonian has a rather strong predominance of irrealis, but it might be recent; in Latvian realis and irrealis are about equally distributed, but this situation seems to differ from that in Old Latvian. In these two languages changes seem therefore to have been going on, and areal convergence might to some extent have been involved in this.

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29

Szostakowska, Beata, i Teresa Sulgostowska. "Internal helminth fauna of Baltic herring, Clupea harengus membras L. (Clupeiformes) from southern Baltic". Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 31, nr 1 (30.06.2001): 123–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3750/aip2001.31.1.08.

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Jóhannesson, Guðni. "Icelandic support for Baltic independence: myth, memory and detachment [Kokkuvõte: Islandi toetus Balti riikide iseseisvusele: müüt, mälu ja erapooletus]". Ajalooline Ajakiri. The Estonian Historical Journal, nr 3/4 (21.12.2016): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/aa.2016.3-4.05.

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This article describes Iceland’s support for Baltic independence in 1990‒91. It analyses the importance of Iceland’s initiatives. Did they affect the real turn of events or were they just empty gestures of a minor state, attempting in vain to have a say on the big stage of global politics? Furthermore, the study covers the later narration of events, the construction of a “grand narrative”. Clearly, there exists a mutual determination to recount the avowed heroics and influence of Iceland during these fateful years. Arguably, a more detached version might be constructed as well. Eyewitnesses and participants may offer a precious view of events, but surely it is influenced by their experiences, as well as the purpose of narrating the tale.

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Tarasov, Ilya N., i Efim S. Fidrya. "Geography of Electoral Volatility in the Warmia and Mazury Voivodeship of Poland". Baltic Region 8, nr 4 (grudzień 2016): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/2079-8555-2016-4-5.

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Chaplygin, Vladimir G. "The Policy of Regional Convergence in Russia-Belarus integration: Prospects for Development". Baltic Region 8, nr 4 (grudzień 2016): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/2079-8555-2016-4-6.

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Kirchner, Stefan, i Medy Dervovic. "Almost Arctic?: Protecting the Baltic marine environment through international law". Strani pravni zivot, nr 4 (2021): 551–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/spz65-34644.

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The Baltic Sea, the heart of the Baltic region, is one of the most polluted seas worldwide. For the countries of the Baltic region, the relative importance of the Baltic Sea varies, but all coastal states of the Baltic Sea use the sea and influence it through their manifold activities. The protection of the Baltic Sea therefore is a shared concern for the coastal states. This shared concern has led to the emergence of a specific international legal régime governing the Baltic Sea. In this text, current threats to the Baltic Sea's natural environment and the international legal measures that are taken to protect the sea are described, in particular with a view to possible improvements. Particular emphasis will be placed on the northernmost part of the Baltic Sea, the sub-Arctic Bay of Bothnia that faces particular environmental challenges.

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Beyer, Jürgen. "Prolegomena to a history of story-telling around the Baltic Sea, c. 1550-1800". Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore 04 (1997): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/fejf1997.04.balti.

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Szubrycht, Tomasz. "Marine accidents as potential crisis situations on the Baltic sea". Archives of Transport 54, nr 2 (30.06.2020): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.2972.

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People responsible for crisis management, especially in coastal voivodships (Pomeranian, West Pomeranian and Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship) must be aware and prepared to take effective action in the event of emergencies in maritime waters. The geographical, hydro meteorological conditions and geographical conditions of the Baltic Sea of the Baltic Sea and the increasing intensity of Baltic shipping, and in particular the increase in oil transport, mean that the likelihood of maritime accidents that can generate crises in sea areas increases significantly. There are about 2000 ships in the Baltic marine area at any given moment and about 3500 - 5500 ships navigate through the Baltic Sea per month. Approximately 20% of the ships in the Baltic Sea are tankers. Despite different uncertainties some trends in the Baltic shipping can be expected. For example ship traffic is likely to increase yearly and it is expected that vessel size will increase because the maritime transport must be more efficient and cost-saving. Such trends create serious threats for Baltic States. The maritime administrations of the Baltic States and international maritime organizations undertake a number of actions to increase maritime safety in the Baltic Sea. The publication characterizes Baltic shipping and analyzes the scale of threats generated by maritime accidents, as well as ways of responding and minimizing the probability of emergencies in the Baltic Sea. Activities including: legislative and organizational activity were also characterized; practical use of modern technology both on vessels and in land navigation monitoring systems; marine traffic engineering and shipbuilding, which aim is to minimize the likelihood of maritime accidents in the Baltic Sea and analyses of Baltic states capacity to oil spill response. In addition, the publication proposes a definition of a crisis situation in relation to sea areas and presents when a maritime accident or incident can generate a crisis situation in sea areas. The result of the research process is proposals for actions that, in the author's opinion, should be taken to reduce the number of maritime accidents in the Baltic Sea.

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Kesa, Katerina, i Nicolas Escach. "Interview of Marko Lehti and Heiko Pääbo". Connexe : les espaces postcommunistes en question(s) 6 (12.02.2021): 209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5077/journals/connexe.2020.e356.

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How has research on the Baltic space evolved over the last thirty years? Can you perceive a different evolution depending on the universities/research groups/ countries (in particular when comparing American, French, Nordic or Baltic research poles/centres)? Which issues have been left out of the research on Baltic space until today? Generally speaking, research on the Baltic space has sometimes had difficulties to arouse vocations. How do you explain that? Are the perceptions of specialists coming from countries boarding the Baltic Sea on the Baltic space totally different from that of other experts?

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Olenchenko, Vladimir. "The Baltic States in the European Union: Main Characteristics of Membership and Their Anti-Russian Orientation". Obshchestvennye nauki i sovremennost, nr 4 (2021): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086904990016456-3.

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In 2019, the Baltic states passed the 15-year mark of membership in the European Union. This anniversary was not celebrated in the Baltic states or in the EU and did not attract attention of other countries. After the collapse of the USSR in 1991, the Baltic states chose not to join the CIS, but to join the EU. For Russia, the Baltic states are immediate geographical neighbours, which generate conflict in bilateral relations. The purpose of the study is to examine how the Baltic states' membership in the EU affected the main characteristics of their development and to what extent anti-Russian orientation of the Baltic foreign policy is due to EU membership. Achievement of this goal is seen through the solution of two tasks. The first is to study the current state of the Baltic economies. The second is to analyze the Baltic states conflict in relations with Russia within the EU. For the study, the method of comparing the statistical data of the EU for 2004-2019 was used in relation to the Baltic countries, as well as a comparison of the contractual obligations of relations between Russia and the EU with the practice of the Baltic countries. The results of the study show that the Baltic economies, despite long enough EU membership, remain subsidized. Conflict between the Baltic states and Russia does not directly come from the legal basis of their membership in the EU but is mostly due to several other external factors.

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Veiderma, Mihkel. "Common Baltic Energy Systems – A Precondition for Sustainable Development". Energy Exploration & Exploitation 14, nr 2 (kwiecień 1996): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014459879601400203.

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The Baltic Sea is turning to be an inland sea of the European Union. Interlinking the energy systems of the Baltic Sea countries and the relevant EU networks should concur with the process of unification of the states. The primary strategic goal is to create a common free energy market based on regional energy systems around the Baltic Sea – the Baltic Ring. This common energy system must cover both electricity transmission lines and natural gas pipelines. The Baltic Ring project is of major importance for the economic interaction and growth, sustainable development and security of the energy supply of Baltic Sea states.

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Eero, Margit, Jakob Hemmer-Hansen i Karin Hüssy. "Implications of stock recovery for a neighbouring management unit: experience from the Baltic cod". ICES Journal of Marine Science 71, nr 6 (16.04.2014): 1458–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsu060.

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Cod in the Baltic Sea is assessed and managed as two separate stocks, i.e. eastern and western Baltic cod. The eastern Baltic cod has recently started to recover after several decades of severe depletion. In the present study, we suggest that the recovery of the eastern Baltic cod population has also substantially increased cod abundance in a specific area of the adjacent western Baltic management unit. This is investigated through long time-series of spatially resolved stock assessment data supplemented by genetic analyses of origin of the cod currently found in the transition area between the two populations. Due to immigrating cod from the east, there are currently large spatial differences in cod abundance and mean weight in the western Baltic management unit that raise new management concerns. First, the high abundance of cod of eastern origin found in the western Baltic management unit can mask the relatively poor state of the western Baltic cod population. Second, the current fishing mortality estimates for the entire western Baltic management unit, used as basis for fisheries management, are difficult to interpret as these are highly influenced by mixing of biological populations and the spatial distribution of fisheries.

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Jenisch, Uwe. "The Baltic". International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 10, nr 1 (1995): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180895x00385.

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Franckx, Erik. "Baltic Sea". International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 11, nr 3 (1996): 394–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180896x00212.

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Dominiczak, Marek H. "Baltic Coast". Clinical Chemistry 65, nr 8 (1.08.2019): 1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2018.299545.

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Li, Gege. "Baltic blooms". New Scientist 247, nr 3298 (wrzesień 2020): 30–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(20)31541-4.

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Rebas, Hain. "“Baltic regionalism”??" Journal of Baltic Studies 19, nr 2 (czerwiec 1988): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01629778800000021.

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Oude Elferink, Alex G. "The Baltic". International Journal of Estuarine and Coastal Law 7, nr 3 (1992): 232–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187529992x00224.

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EVERTS, SARAH. "BALTIC CHEMISTRY". Chemical & Engineering News 86, nr 46 (17.11.2008): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v086n046.p067.

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47

DaCosta Kaufmann, Thomas. "Baltic Reflections". Baltic Journal of Art History 9 (15.09.2015): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/bjah.2015.9.02.

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Schubert, Hendrik, i Angela Wulff. "Baltic algae". Botanica Marina 62, nr 1 (25.02.2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bot-2018-0116.

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Laamanen, Maria J., Laura Forsström i Kaarina Sivonen. "Diversity of Aphanizomenonflos-aquae (Cyanobacterium) Populations along a Baltic Sea Salinity Gradient". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, nr 11 (listopad 2002): 5296–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.11.5296-5303.2002.

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ABSTRACT Colony-forming cyanobacteria of the genus Aphanizomenon form massive blooms in the brackish water of the Baltic Sea during the warmest summer months. There have been recent suggestions claiming that the Baltic Sea Aphanizomenon species may be different from Aphanizomenon flos-aquae found in lakes. In this study, we examined variability in the morphology and 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of A. flos-aquae populations along a salinity gradient from a string of lakes to a fjord-like extension of the Baltic Sea to the open Baltic Sea. Morphological differences among the populations were negligible. We found that the Baltic Sea was dominated (25 out of 27 sequences) by one ITS1-S (shorter band of ITS 1 [ITS1]) genotype, which also was found in the lakes. The lake populations of A. flos-aquae tended to be genetically more diverse than the Baltic Sea populations. Since the lake ITS1-S genotypes of A. flos-aquae are continuously introduced to the Baltic Sea via inflowing waters, it seems that only one ITS1 genotype is able to persist in the Baltic Sea populations. The results suggest that one of the ITS1-S genotypes found in the lakes is better adapted to the conditions of the Baltic Sea and that natural selection removes most of the lake genotypes from the Baltic Sea A. flos-aquae populations.

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50

Heyl, Katharine. "Reducing Phosphorus Input into the Baltic Sea—An Assessment of the Updated Baltic Sea Action Plan and Its Implementation through the Common Agricultural Policy in Germany". Water 15, nr 2 (11.01.2023): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15020315.

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The eutrophication of the Baltic Sea is a longstanding environmental issue which is caused by excessive nutrient input including phosphorus0. In response, neighbouring states of the Baltic Sea adopted the Helsinki Convention and the updated Baltic Sea Action Plan. The Helsinki Convention aims at the ecological restoration of the Baltic Sea. The updated Baltic Sea Action Plan summarises actions to achieve a good environmental status of the Baltic Sea. It lists the Common Agricultural Policy of the EU as supporting legislation. Against this backdrop, this article aims to assess the extent to which the measures of the Common Agricultural Policy in Germany (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania) implement the agriculture actions of the updated Baltic Sea Action Plan and thereby contribute to the objective of the Helsinki Convention. To this end, a qualitative governance analysis is applied. Results show that the Common Agricultural Policy addresses most agriculture actions of the updated Baltic Sea Action Plan. Agri-environment climate commitments in particular have the potential to reduce phosphorus input into the Baltic Sea. However, their potential will likely be offset by (1) unclear uptake due to voluntariness, (2) limited funding and (3) continuation instead of real reform of the Common Agricultural Policy. These shortcomings are supplemented by weak actions of the updated Baltic Sea Action Plan. Therefore, other effective policy instruments at the EU level are needed.

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