Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Backpacks

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Backpacks”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 23 lutego 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Backpacks"

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López Hernández, Tania, Marina Caparó Ferré, Sílvia Giné Martí i Isabel Salvat Salvat. "Relationship between School Backpacks and Musculoskeletal Pain in Children 8 to 10 Years of Age: An Observational, Cross-Sectional and Analytical Study". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, nr 7 (5.04.2020): 2487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072487.

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Back pain in children is a reality and various factors are involved in its etiology. The study’s aim was to analyze the relationship between the use and type of backpack and pain in children. An analytical observational cross-sectional study was conducted among 123 schoolchildren between 8–10 years. Data on the participants’ weight and height and their backpacks were collected, as well as the way of travel to school and their physical activity during the week. The results indicated that all backpacks were large because the backpack’s height is longer than torso length. Participants who studied in a traditional educational system (62.60%) carried backpacks that exceeded 10% of their body weight. Additionally, 31.7% of the students presented pain. There is no significant correlation between the weight or type of backpack and the pressure pain threshold collected from shoulders muscles. Participants who carried backpacks heavier than 10% of their body weight did not have more musculoskeletal pain or a lower pressure pain threshold than the others, although they did report greater fatigue. All these topics should be debated considering the student’s social environment and the backpack’s discomfort to the children, even though no relationship was found between musculoskeletal pain and backpack weight.
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Dhakal Chalise, Gita, Samjhana Sherpa, Mamata Bharati i Ambu KC. "Parental Awareness About School Backpack, Weight Carried by Their Children and related Musculoskeletal Problems". Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital 19, nr 2 (26.06.2020): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v19i2.28321.

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Introduction: Backpacks are a convenient means to carry essential educational materials for school children. Backpack design, carrying technique and its load is related to several health consequences i.e., altered gait, bad posture and musculoskeletal pain. Parental awareness and their supervision can help their children to carry appropriate school backpack with rationale weight. Therefore, this study aims to assess parental awareness about school backpacks; identify backpack weight carried by their children and identify children’s musculoskeletal complaints with their parents. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. The study consisted of purposively selected 94 parents whose children were studying in grade VI to VIII at local school. Face to face interview of around 30 minutes duration was taken by using semi structured interview schedule. Backpack weight was identified by weighing children with and without bag in their school and subtracted to identify the actual backpack weight. Data was analysed by using SPSS version 20 and described by using descriptive statistics. Results: In this study, more than 90% parents were aware of the recommended weight of school backpack i.e., <15% of body weight. About 96% parents answered that backpack should be light; similar percentage told that it should have well-padded shoulder straps and 87% answered that it should be appropriate to child’s age and weight. Around 70% to 90% parents were aware of appropriate handling of school backpacks. While identifying parental awareness about musculoskeletal effects of backpacks, they told as shoulder pain (79%), fatigue (76%) and neck pain (56%). In this study, 72% children were carrying backpacks greater than the recommended weights. Their parents told that children often had complaints of shoulder pain (78%) and neck pain (69%) Conclusions: Most parents were aware of the standards and handling of school backpack but in reality, more than two third of their children were carrying heavy school backpacks.
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Ramadan i Al-Tayyar. "Comparison between the Physiological Responses and Subjective Ratings of a Group of Male Students to Three Backpack Designs". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, nr 21 (24.10.2019): 4104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214104.

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It is important for schoolchildren and their parents (or guardians) to know which backpacks exert the least strain on the cardiorespiratory system. In this study, we investigated the physiological responses of participants while they were walking on a treadmill and wearing one of three different backpacks (A, B, and C) under two different load-carrying conditions (equivalent to 10% and 15% of their body mass, respectively). The first condition was used as a control and involved walking without a backpack, while the second involved wearing a backpack and carrying a certain weight. Thirty-one male students from King Saud University walked on a treadmill at 0.861 m/s and at a 0% inclination angle, while having their heart rates (beats∙min−1), oxygen uptakes (VO2, mL∙min−1), respiratory rates (breaths, VO2min−1), perceived exertion rates (PER, Borg scale), and backpack preference rates (BPR) measured and recorded. The results of our within-subject experimental design revealed that the physiological results varied significantly depending on the type of backpack. Backpacks B and C were superior to Backpack A, resulting in lower physiological responses and higher subjective preferences. Students carrying more weight experienced higher physiological stress; moreover, the use of Backpack C led to the lowest physiological strains and higher subjective preferences.
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Huang, Zhiguan, Xinyi Sui i Xiaxu He. "Spatial-temporal and kinematic characteristics of gait carrying loaded backpack with elastic straps". Filomat 34, nr 15 (2020): 5207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil2015207h.

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Objective: Applying 3D Motion Capture technology to analyze the kinematic and spatial temporal characteristics of gait when carrying loaded backpacks with elastic straps, the study investigates the effect of backpacks with elastic-strap on fatigue during walking. Methods: Ten healthy male undergraduates did not do strenuous or fatigue exercise two days before the trials and served as subjects (aged 19 ? 1.8 years). All subjects provided a written and oral explanation of the trial procedures. In two trials departed by two days apart, the subjects randomly carried one of the two kinds of backpacks ( with non-elastic straps or with elastic straps backpacks loaded the same weight books (about 10% of their bodyweight). After pasted with markers as the guide of the Vicon 3D motion capture system, the subjects walked on the treadmill at 4.5 km/h for 20 min in each trial. Before and after each walking trial, the gait parameters of the subjects were measured by a 6 meters-long plantar pressure test plate(Zebras FDM System). Results: The change of the COP and the change of the gait parameters in the subjects with elastic straps backpacks after 20 min walking were relatively less than those with no elastic-strap backpacks, showing better stability and delaying fatigue. From this statement, it can be reasoned that being able to reduce the effect of the load on the person by returning the gait pattern closer to an unloaded walking pattern may reduce problems associated with loaded carriage. The elastic straps decreased the elevation of the mean vertical position of the backpack and create a gap between the shoulders and the shoulder pads. Conclusion: The decompression backpack with elastic straps shows the effect of protecting the user?s spine and in delaying the cervical back muscle fatigue, during walking at appropriate pace maybe reduce the risk of musculoskeletal injuries and muscle fatigue associated with carrying heavy backpack loads while reducing the metabolic cost of loaded walking.
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Barbosa, João, Mário C. Marques, Henrique P. Neiva, Catarina Santos, Luís Branquinho, Ricardo Ferraz i Daniel A. Marinho. "Impact of Overloaded School Backpacks: An Emerging Problem". Open Sports Sciences Journal 14, nr 1 (28.10.2021): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1875399x02114010076.

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The possible adverse effects of overloading students' backpacks are a public concern and should be considered by the scientific and educational community. This topic has gained particular importance due to the childhood development process, which can increase the promotion of future disorders (e.g., back pain, low back pain, spinal column deviations). In this brief review, we critically analyze the impact of excess load in students' backpacks and attempt to identify solutions that can be useful to minimize the effects of this problem. It is necessary to find a viable alternative to classic backpacks that can contribute to minimizing the effects of backpack loads on children.
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Xiong, Heping. "The Weight of a Backpack: A Phenomenological Analysis of Typical Chinese Children's Songs". ECNU Review of Education 1, nr 2 (czerwiec 2018): 127–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30926/ecnuroe2018010206.

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Purpose —The purpose of this paper is to explore the experience of the weight of a backpack as represented in typical Chinese children's songs through a kind of phenomenological approach. Design/Approach/Methods —The core issue pertaining to Chinese children's songs about backpacks is how the weight sense of backpacks is generated and developed in the field of song phenomenology. Findings —The “whatness” of a backpack in typical songs has varied over the past six decades, meanwhile, the backpack and its songs conceal not only the secrets of childhood but also those of China's educational system. Originality/Value —The originality of this paper embodies the unique perspective to provide a new insight into the current scholarship of the micro-politics of song-singing and the weight sense of backpack.
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Xuanchen, Zheng. "A Review of Research on the Effects of Backpacks on Body Posture and Spinal Morphology in Children and Adolescents". Journal of Advances in Sports and Physical Education 5, nr 8 (24.08.2022): 198–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/jaspe.2022.v05i08.003.

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Introduction: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of backpacks on body posture and spinal morphology in children and adolescents, and the relationship between them and back pain in adolescents, in order to provide a theoretical basis for further research in this area. Methods: The literature on backpacks, body posture, spinal morphology and back pain was searched and the results were analyzed. Results: The studies mainly focused on the effects of backpack type, weight and position on their muscle activity; and the main muscles studied were upper trapezius, erector spinae, and rectus abdominis, while the studies on other muscles were still insufficient. Conclusion: Backpack type and method, backpack weight, backpack strap design, backpack position, and backpack time all have different effects on muscle activity in various parts of the adolescent body, and these effects may lead to back pain, which is one of the factors affecting spinal health that cannot be ignored.
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Husmarika, Ni Made Hita, Muliani Muliani i Yuliana Yuliana. "Prevalensi kejadian nyeri leher pada siswa SD Negeri 3 Mas, Desa Mas, Kecamatan Ubud yang menggunakan tas punggung". Bali Anatomy Journal 2, nr 1 (9.05.2019): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36675/baj.v2i1.19.

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Background: The incidence of neck pain abroad and in Indonesia is relatively high. The incidence of neck pain is caused by physical influence, one of them is the use of a backpack which is especially experienced by elementary school students. Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of neck pain in students of SD Negeri 3 Mas, Mas, Ubud who using backpacks. Method: This study was descriptive cross-sectional study. The sampling technique use total sampling. The subjects were 79 students of SD Negeri 3 Mas, Mas, Ubud who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria included students were willing and using backpacks while the exclusion criteria were students with infectious diseases or traumatic bone or muscle. Research data are primary data obtained from questionnaires and direct measurements by researchers. Results: Prevalence of neck pain in students of SD Negeri 3 Mas, Mas, Ubud using backpacks was 45.6%. The proportion of neck pain is more frequent in students with bag weight <10% body weight (47.0%), students who use backpacks >30 minutes (high duration) with any transportation (100%), non-obese students (46.6%) and female students (50.0%).
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Clarke, Jenni. "Using backpacks!" Practical Pre-School 2010, nr 113 (czerwiec 2010): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/prps.2010.1.113.48287.

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Arkin, William M. "Nuclear backpacks". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 41, nr 4 (kwiecień 1985): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00963402.1985.11455940.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Backpacks"

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Coronado, Medina Consuelo Esther, Ramírez Miguel Ángel Freyre, Trujillo Juan Carlos Sergio Gamarra, Peña Mariela Lisbeth Vásquez i Garcia Dayana Stefany Zelayaran. "Backpacks HARK’AY". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/654844.

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Actualmente todo el mundo vive una emergencia sanitaria como consecuencia del Covid-19 y en Perú debido a esta enfermedad muestra un cambio de hábitos para movilizarse hacia sus centros de trabajo, ir al supermercado, ir de paseo, etc. Por ello, el presente plan de negocio analiza la viabilidad del proyecto empresarial HARK’AY que consiste en brindar una salida para aquellas personas que muestran un gran interés en movilizarse a través de bicicletas. Este proyecto surge de la experiencia personal de nuestro entorno familiar al oír las constantes quejas y poca comodidad que tenían al transportarse en sus bicicletas. Por este motivo, diseñamos un accesorio para bicicletas que alivie las frustraciones de los ciclistas de Lima metropolitana al transportarse por la ciudad. Por otro lado, con el avance de la tecnología queremos ofrecer un valor agregado a nuestro producto, paneles solares, que estarán adaptados a las backpack para que mediante la energía solar puedan cargar todo tipo de artículos electrónicos tales como laptops, celulares, baterías externas, etc. que será de gran oportunidad para aquellas personas que quieren adquirir más que un producto que cubra sus necesidades, también les permitirá contribuir con el medioambiente a través de la tecnología. Para poner en marcha nuestra empresa, contaremos con 5 trabajadores y la zona escogida como centro de operaciones estará en el distrito del Callao. Además, se tiene como objetivo recuperar la inversión inicial de S/. 42,455.00 soles, el primer año y lograr expandir nuestra propuesta de negocio hacia provincias en dos años.
Currently, everyone is experiencing a health emergency as a result of Covid-19 and in Peru due to this disease shows a change in habits to move to their work centers, go to the supermarket, go for a walk, etc. For this reason, this business plan analyzes the viability of the HARK'AY business project, which consists of providing an outlet for those people who show a great interest in mobilizing by bicycle. This project arises from the personal experience of our family environment when hearing the constant complaints and little comfort that they had when transporting their bicycles. For this reason, we designed a bicycle accessory that alleviates the frustrations of the cyclists of metropolitan Lima when traveling around the city. On the other hand, with the advancement of technology we want to offer an added value to our produc, solar panels, which will be adapted to a backpack so that through solar energy they can charge all kinds of electronic items such as laptops, cell phones, batteries external, etc. which will be a great opportunity for those who want to acquire more than a product that meets their needs, it will also allow them to contribute to the environment through technology. To start our company, we will have 5 workers and the area was chosen as the center of operations will be in the Callao district. In addition, the objective is to recover the initial investment of S /. 42,455.00 soles, the first year and to expand our business proposal to the provinces in two years.
Trabajo de investigación
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Talbott, Nancy R. "The Effect of the Weight, Location and Type of Backpack on Posture and Postural Stability of Children". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1115391000.

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Swiston, Albert Joseph. "Functional "backpacks" for cellular engineering". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59006.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2010.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Polymer multilayers may be built through the sequential ("layer-by-layer") adsorption of species (polymers, nanoparticles) with specific interactions (electrostatic, hydrogen-bonding). Multilayered heterostructures - films comprised of multiple lamellar regions or strata, each of which consisting of several bilayers of electrostatically complexed or hydrogen-bonded materials - may be assembled and patterned into precise geometries. These heterostructures maintain the functions and capabilities of each lamellar region, and thus complex, stimuli-responsive films with multiple functionalities may be fabricated and patterned with high fidelity. This thesis describes a method to fabricate such heterostructured devices for single-cell functionalization. These devices may be attached to the surface of living immune system cells, conferring new functions without impairing native cellular behaviors. The first part of this thesis focuses on the techniques to create a heterostructured backpack. Photolithographic methods were developed to geometrically pattern multilayer films into a desired size and shape. A host of polymer multilayer systems labile at physiologically relevant pH's were built and tested as a way to release the backpack from its fabrication substrate. Therapeutically and diagnostically interesting materials, such as magnetic nanoparticles, biodegradable polymers, and quantum dots were built into the backpack's payload region. Finally, a film that non-cytotoxically adheres the backpack to the cell surface was developed and optimized as the celladhesive region. How backpack attachment affect native cell behavior is of utmost importance. Backpack attachment was found to be non-cytotoxic to B lymphocytes, and T cells were still able to migrate on ICAM-coated surfaces. Backpacks could be made with specific chemistries that could activate desirable cell behavior, such as activating dendritic cells, which demonstrates that backpacks need not be passive objects but rather actively engage with the attached cell to create hybrid bio-synthetic devices. The last part of this thesis describes how backpacks can be used as functional phagocytosis-resistant particles that may be used to increase in vivo circulation time or functionalize phagocytic cells. This presents exciting opportunities for immunoengineering applications, such as using immune cells to invade solid tumors and deliver cytotoxic payloads.
by Albert Joseph Swiston Jr.
Ph.D.
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Lehmann, Frederick Denis, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College i School of Environment and Agriculture. "Weight load carry : a review of the efficiency and effectiveness of the army backpack". THESIS_CSTE_EAG_Lehmann_F.xml, 2000. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/663.

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Military load carrying has occupied the attention of military developers, researchers and commanders over centuries. The Army backpack remains the means of carriage for ammunition and rations for the soldier in the field. The traditional rationale for its use has been that the infantry soldier must be able to sustain himself in combat and live independently for days at a time without resupply. At the Royal Military College, Duntroon (RMC), the mission is to produce men and women who are capable and effective officers and soldiers. The weight of the pack with the items required at RMC is often in excess of 40 kg. In evaluating the effectiveness of current practice, this thesis takes an anthropometric perspective in exploring the historical, physiological and social context of current loads carried by Australian soldiers, It does not, however, evaluate the content of the load itself. Research methods include: a/. Systematic examination of past research findings on the social and physiological aspects of military load carrying since the Roman Centurions. b/. Biophysical tesing of nine soldiers, using a battery of physiological tests to determine heart rates and energy expenditure at various loads. c/. A survey of 100 soldiers from the Royal Military College, Duntroon and in-depth interviews with a sample of four experienced soldiers to obtain the views of the load carriers. The research concludes that the optimum approach to load carrying, and so to the design of the Army backpack, is that it be task-and soldier-specific. This runs directly counter to the longstanding Army traditions of preparing all soldiers for every possible contingency in battle and regarding all soldiers as equivalent units. The study findings offer some specific directions in which the design of the army backpack can be improved.
Master of Science (Hons)
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Meunier, Pierre. "Psychophysical assessment of load-carrying in internal and external-frame backpacks". Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05022009-040630/.

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Jonsson, Marcus. "Design of Multifunctional and Sustainable Backpacks : Combining Skiing, Snowboarding, and Urban Usage". Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-69707.

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Today, backpacks and duffel bags are often designed with a focus on a specific area of use, which makes it difficult to use them on other occasions. A clear example where the differences are noticeable is between functional mountaineer bags and urban bags. It is not uncommon for people staying in these environments to have far beyond two bags in their possession. Overconsumption is harmful to the environment, especially when it is from an industry that is pursued with poor working conditions and dangerous emissions in nature. Therefore, multifunctionality and sustainable design have been of high priority when the products in this project were developed. In this thesis, two models of bags have been developed through a human-centered design process. A large number of user interviews and expert interviews, as well as a focus group, laid the foundation for the requirements and needs of the bags. Spektrum’s company values, as well as the identity of their current products, were interpreted to create brand recognition in the new products. Idea generation was performed through various creative sessions, prototyping, and through a workshop. Evaluation and concept selection was performed by representatives from the target group in the form of personas, as well as by Spektrum. Finally, detailed technical drawings of the concepts were created in Adobe Illustrator. The first model is a backpack designed to work just as well on the mountain as in the city. The other model is a duffel bag that can be carried both on the back and in the hand. It is also designed to perform well in both mountain and urban environments. Both bags are made of polyester from recycled PET bottles and the material is controlled and approved by the highly rated environmental certification bluesign®. The metal parts of the bags are made of recycled aluminum. Both models are adjustable to fit all users within the 5th to 95th percentile. The thesis resulted in the ordering of two alpha prototypes of each model, factory-made by my technical drawings. According to Spektrum, the designs have created great interest among retailers and company shareholders. Both models will, therefore, be put into production and released to the market within two years.
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Lehmann, Frederick Denis. "Weight load carry : a review of the efficiency and effectiveness of the army backpack /". View thesis, 1998. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20050810.122056/index.html.

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Winnberg, Anton. "Waterproof packing for urban outdoor : Development of two waterproof backpacks intended for daily bike commute, urban strolls and travel". Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-76773.

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Everyday, lots of people use some sort of bag to carry their daily equipment around, whether it is between home and work or any typ of spare time activity. This report covers a Master Thesis project in Industrial Design Engineering at Luleå University of Technology. The thesis concerns the development of two waterproof backpacks. These backpacks are developed in collaboration with the outdoor brand Lundhags, and intended for everyday bike commute, urban excursion and travel. Behind the initiative lies the desire of expanding the company’s product portfolio with a set of new waterproof daypacks within the category of urban outdoor. Also, to offer the customers the better protection of electronic devices such as laptops, surf tablets and smartphones, which are products that are prominent in our daily lives.  The project has followed a schedule and workflow influenced by versions of the design thinking process, with multiple iterations along the way. The work started off by studying competing products on the market, research and conduct knowledge on relevant topics through a literature review, study users needs and gather inspiration. User studies where carried out as interviews with both users and retailers, where the result was summarised as personas to represent the target audience. The contextual studies laid the foundation for the rest of the project, which further shifted towards more practical activities. Such as ideation sketching, building textile and paper mock-ups, concept development and concept evaluation. The result of this thesis project was the first version technical drawings for two backpack concepts. During the final weeks, these drawings were sent to the manufacturer for production of first version prototypes and production cost proposal. The bags are planned as a 16 liter and a 22 liter, where they offer internal options of organising the packing, as well external access pockets for smaller items to be close at hand.
Varje dag så använder massor av människor någon form av väska för att bära med sig sin vardagliga utrustning. Det kan antingen vara mellan arbetet och hemmet, eller någon fritidsaktivitet. Denna rapport redogör för ett examensarbetet på utbildningen Civilingenjör Teknisk Design vid Luleå tekniska universitet. Examensarbetet i denna rapport omfattar utvecklingen av två vattentäta ryggsäckar. Utvecklingen av dessa ryggsäckar görs i samarbete med friluftsmärket Lundhags och är tänkta för vardagspendling, stadsutflykter och resor. Motivet till projektet är att man önskar expandera företagets produktsortiment med ett par nya vattentäta dagsryggsäckar inom kategorin urban outdoor. Dessutom vill man kunna erbjuda en säkrare förvaring av elektronisk utrustning så som bärbara datorer, surfplattor och smartphones, vilket är produkter som är har stor betydelse i många människors vardagliga liv. Projektet har följt ett schema och ett arbetsflöde som influerats av versioner på design thinking processer, med flertalet iterationer längs vägen. Arbetet började med att studera konkurrerande produkter på marknaden, fördjupa sig och samla kunskap inom relevanta områden genom en litteraturstudie, studera användarbehov samt samla inspiration. Användarstudier utgjordes av intervjuer med både användare och återförsäljare, där resultatet summerades i form  av personas som representation av målgruppen. Kontextundersökningen utgjorde grunden för resten av projektet, som därefter övergick till mer praktiska aktiviteter. Bland annat skissande av idéer, skapande av mock-ups i papper och textil, konceptutveckling och konceptutvärdering. Resultatet av detta examensarbete var första versionens ritningar för två konceptuella modeller. Under de sista veckorna av projektet skickades ritningarna till den planerade tillverkaren för tillverkning av första versionens prototyper, samt tillhörande förslag på produktionskostnad. Ryggsäckarna är tänkta i storlekarna 16 och 22 liter. Båda erbjuder möjligheter för organisering av packning invändigt, samt fack utvändigt för möjlig förvaring av mindre saker.
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Matos, Mariana. "Análise e associação da dor músculo-esquelética inespecífica e os seus factores de risco em crianças". Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/2531.

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Trabalho apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Fisioterapia
Este estudo teve com objectivos analisar a associação entre a dor na coluna vertebral e ombros em alunos com idades entre os 11 e os 12 anos e o género, idade, altura, índice de massa corporal (IMC), actividade física, mochilas e alterações posturais. Foram recolhidos 131 questionários, adequadamente preenchidos com a identificação e as características antropométricas, características das mochilas, distribuição de dor num bodychart e avaliação postural completa, de forma estática. A amostra foi constituída por 53,4% elementos do sexo feminino e 46,6% do sexo masculino, com idade média de 11,40 anos. A prevalência de dor foi maior no sexo feminino, que transporta mochilas mais pesadas. O local mais prevalente de dor foi os ombros seguido da lombar. O transporte de mochila unilateral está relacionado com a presença de dor. Não foram encontradas relações com as outras variáveis estudadas. This study purposes to examine the association between pain in the spine and shoulders of students aged 11 and 12 years and gender, age height, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, backpacks and postural changes. 131 questionnaires were collected, properly completed with the identification and anthropometric characteristics, backpacks characteristics, distribution of pain in a bodychart and a complete postural evaluation in a static form. The sample comprised 53.4% female and 46.6% male, with a mean age of 11.40 years. Prevalence of pain was higher in females, who carried heavier backpacks. The most prevalent pain site was shoulders, followed by low back pain. The unilateral backpack carriage is related with presence of pain. There were no significant relationships with other variables.
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Klimaitė, Vaida. "Pradinių klasių mokinių fizinio išsivystymo ir rizikos veiksnių sąsajos". Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120817_131015-68327.

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Bakalauro darbe analizuojama mokinių fizinis išsivystymas ir rizikos veiksnių poveikis laikysenai. Vienas iš rizikos veiksnių – mokyklinės kuprinės, kitas – netinkamai parinkti mokykliniai suolai pagal mokinių ūgį.Tyrime dalyvavo Radviliškio Vinco Kudirkos 82 miesto ir kaimo pradinių klasių mokiniai.Tyrimo metu buvo naudojamos svarstyklės, siekiant nustatyti mokinių svorį ir į mokyklą tyrimo dieną atsineštų pamokoms reikalingų kuprinės daiktų svoris. Siekiant išsiaiškinti ar mokiniai, mokykloje sėdi pagal jų ūgį atitinkančiuose suoluose, tyrimo metu buvo matuojami sėdimi suolai. Interviu metodu buvo siekiama nustatyti mokinių įgūdžius nešiojant kuprines. Analizuojant tyrimo duomenis siekiama atskleisti mokinių harmoningo išsivystymo ir mokymosi aplinkos rizikos veiksnių įtaką mokinių laikysenai.
The Bachelor’s thesis analyses students physical development and risk factors influence for posture. One of the risk – school backpacks, other – properly selected school desk by the student's height.The analysis includes Radviliškio Vinco Kudirkos 82 urban and rural primary school pupils.The analysis instruments were used to determine the weight of students to school and study on the lessons brought along the necessary items backpack weight. To find out whether the students sitting in school according to their height corresponding to the transition, the study was measured seating school desk. The method was used to determine the skills students wearing backpacks. The analysis of the data to reveal the physical development of students learning, and environmental risk factors influence students posture.
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Książki na temat "Backpacks"

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Anita, DuFalla, i Benchmark Education Company LLC, red. My backpack. Pelham, NY: Benchmark Education Company, LLC, 2003.

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ill, Ovresat Laura, red. My backpack. New York, NY: Golden Books, 2006.

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Backpacks full of hope: The UN mission in Haiti. Waterloo, Ont: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2010.

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Zip, zip--homework! New York: Holiday House, 2008.

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Bunting, Eve. My backpack. Honesdale, Pa: Boyds Mills Press, 1997.

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Rimoli, Ana Paula. Amigurumi on the go: 30 patterns for crocheting kids' bags, backpacks, and more. Bothell, WA: Martingale, 2012.

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Miriam, Cohen, i Miriam Cohen. Backpack baby. New York: Star Bright Books, 1999.

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Quinn, Mary C. 12 take-home thematic backpacks: Easy-to-make, cross-curricular, reproducible. New York: Scholastic Professional Books, 1994.

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Huschke, Kai. 50 hikes in Washington: Walks, hikes & backpacks in the Evergreen State. Woodstock, Vt: Countryman Press, 2005.

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50 hikes in Louisiana: Walks, hikes, and backpacks in the Bayou State. Woodstock, Vt: Backcountry Guides, 2003.

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Części książek na temat "Backpacks"

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Berger, Arthur Asa. "Backpacks". W Perspectives on Everyday Life, 139–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99795-7_24.

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Jarosch, Jürgen, Josephine Hofmann, Alexander Piele i Colja Tobias Müller. "Mobile Learning Backpacks". W Handbuch Mobile Learning, 921–42. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-19123-8_43.

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Kleker, Dorea, i Mika K. Phinney. "Family Art Backpacks". W Art as a Way of Talking for Emergent Bilingual Youth, 70–90. New York : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351204231-6.

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Hui, Rui, Ling Luo, Jie Wang i Huimin Hu. "Pressure Comfort Design Elements for Backpacks". W Advances in Ergonomics in Design, 206–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51038-1_30.

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Porciuncula, Emmanuel Oliver D. C., Leonard T. Aquino, Daniel G. Araneta, Jeremiah V. Austria, Briant Angelo M. Censon, John Michael A. Cruz, Patrick Henry S. Fernandez i in. "Development of an Ergonomically Designed Backpacks for Junior High School Students". W Advances in Ergonomics in Design, 318–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20227-9_29.

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Liu, Meryl. "A Biomechanical Model and Simulation of Vertebral Support and Lumbar Spinal Discs in Student Backpacks". W Simulation Tools and Techniques, 715–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72795-6_57.

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Chevez, Agustin. "My Backpack". W The Pilgrim’s Guide to the Workplace, 45–47. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4759-9_14.

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AbstractMy backpack was very sturdy and if I interpreted what Ballistic Nylon Fabric meant correctly, it was bullet proof too. I carried two packs: a big one with a 70 litre capacity and a small 15 litre one which I wore in front to balance the weight of the larger pack on my back. I’d originally purchased the packs for an overseas trek that required something sturdy to endure rocky terrain and the better-not-to-know things that happen when one checks in their luggage on an international flight.
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Noy, Chaim. "Backpacker". W Encyclopedia of Tourism, 81–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01384-8_15.

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Noy, Chaim. "Backpacker". W Encyclopedia of Tourism, 1–3. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01669-6_15-1.

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Close, Jean-Paul, i Nicolette Meeder. "The Backpack Project". W AiREAS: Sustainocracy for a Healthy City, 69–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45620-1_3.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Backpacks"

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Ashok Chougule, Nutan, Aliuddin Ahmed i Yueqing Li. "Effect of the backpack load on students’ discomfort". W 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002590.

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Backpacks are very useful in our day-to-day life, work, offices, and school. Especially students carry backpack to school every day with heavy loads of textbooks, notebooks, and laptop. This is an increasing concern of students carrying heavy backpacks in most countries. From the article of Huntsville Hospital, in the United States around 79 million students carry backpack to school. In 2007, more than 23,000 backpack-related injuries were treated at hospital rooms, physician offices and clinics. The load exerted from the backpack is one of the reasons of variations in the cervical and shoulder posture and it is suggested that carrying a backpack weighing 15% of body weight will be heavy for adults. This study evaluates the effect of backpack loads on the user discomfort in neck, shoulder, upper back, lower back, and knee during a walking activity. For this experiment, 12 participants were selected in the age group of between 18 to 21 years old from Lamar University. The backpack load which is exerted by the backpack was independent variable. As per the research, 15% of total weight of the body is the standard weight to carry the backpack during walking activity. Since, we have considered 10%, 15% and 20% weights of the backpack to the total body weight of participants. The user discomfort is considered as dependent variable. The walkway was embedded with three force plates with various backpack loads (10%, 15%, and 20%). Participants were told to walk on defined route for 10 minutes. After each task, participants had 5-minutes break and were asked to rate their discomfort level. The same procedure was carried out for all participants and measurement data were collected.The result showed a significant main effect of backpack load on the user discomfort of neck, shoulder, upper back, lower back and knee. The user discomfort with 20% load was significantly higher than that with 10% load for all 5 body parts. During the experiment, it was observed that female participant who weighs in range of 100-120 lbs. were experienced most discomfort and not able continue experiment when the weight of the backpack was more than 15% of the total body weight. Whereas the participants with the range of body weight around 160-180 lbs. experienced less discomfort in their neck and shoulder throughout the experiment. In conclusion, the research found that the backpack load significantly affects the user discomfort when student walk carrying the backpack. The research should have practical meaning to decide the appropriate weight of the students’ backpack and develop a more user-friendly design.
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Abreu, Andreia, Joao Reis, Sergio Martins, Nuno Borges Carvalho i Andre Zuquete. "RFID technology applied to students' backpacks". W 2011 IEEE International Conference on RFID-Technologies and Applications (RFID-TA). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rfid-ta.2011.6068672.

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Xu, Yuning, Lianxin Yang, Ken Chen, Jiwen Zhang i Chenglong Fu. "Energetics of Load Carriage by Bamboo Carrying Poles". W ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10584.

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Abstract Unlike western conventions of rigid body attachments (e.g. backpack), carriers in Asia prefer to use bamboo poles, an ancient, ingenious, elastically-suspended equipment, especially when carrying heavy loads. As an elastically-suspended equipment, bamboo pole might have some potential benefits including reducing peak shoulder forces as well as saving metabolic transport cost, but certain skills should be needed for loading. Experienced carriers routinely carry loads exceeding their own body mass (Mb) for a long distance, while novices might hurt themselves. However, no skillful bamboo pole carriers’ performance or loading with heavy load has not been reported as far as we know. We set out to determine the loads capability and distances carried by skillful carriers, measure their metabolic cost for carrying the loads, and observe whether their natural walking speed changed as a function of load. In this paper, we compared the skillful carriers’ energy expenditure on carrying loads in both normal bamboo pole on shoulder and typical backpacks with hip support. Both carrying postures were normal, just as what subjects used in their daily life. The O2 consumption and CO2 production were measured in 13 subjects while standing or walking with loads. All subjects were asked to carry loads ranging from 0 kg to their load capacity in two loading type, while walking on a 1-meter wide nearly circular level track at their preferred speed. These speeds were record by cameras placed beside the track. Experimental results show that bamboo pole perform better under heavy load: 1. Loading by bamboo pole helped carriers to load 16% body weight heavier than by backpack on average. 2. With the load increasing, the walking speed loading by backpack would decrease from 1.3m/s (0kg) to 1.1m/s (load capacity), however loading by bamboo pole would slightly increase. 3. The rate of energy consumptions both increase with load increasing. Bamboo pole require more metabolic consumption than backpack with same load. 4. Since natural walking speed by bamboo pole faster than by backpack, the cost of transport by bamboo pole would be more economic than by backpack while the load is 50kg or more.
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Javed, Umer, Hichem Abdelmoula, Mostafa Hassanalian, Amir Mirzaeinia, Masoud Naghdi i Bilal Majeed. "Harvesting Energy by Base Excitations of Troops’ Backpacks for Charging Drones". W AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2019 Forum. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-4322.

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Llamas, Ruben A., Kumar Vijay Mishra, James J. Niemeier i Anton Kruger. "Underwater Deployment and Performance of Curved Spiral Antennas in Mussel Backpacks". W 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting. IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apusncursinrsm.2019.8888987.

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Xiang, Yujiang, Joo H. Kim, Hyun-Joon Chung, James Yang i Hyun-Jung Kwon. "Human Stair Ascent and Descent Simulations". W ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-34324.

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Human stair ascent and descent are simulated in this work by using a skeletal digital human model with 55 degrees of freedom (DOFs). Hybrid predictive dynamics approach is used to predict the stair climbing motion with weapons and backpacks. In this process, the model predicts joints dynamics using optimization schemes and task-based physical constraints. The results indicated that the model can realistically match human motion and ground reaction forces data during stair climbing tasks. This can be used in human health domain such as leg prosthesis design.
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Bouse, S. D., J. Swift, S. A. Bloomfield i H. A. Hogan. "Analysis of In Vivo Strains in the Tibial Metaphysis of Adult Rats During Voluntary Exercising Protocols". W ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-193247.

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In a recent study [1], unexpected results were observed in the bone response of animals undergoing two different exercise protocols. Rats were trained to jump voluntarily, but one group wore weighted backpacks while the other group did not (body weight only). Surprisingly, both of these exercises produced similar osteogenic responses after 5 weeks of training. The purpose of the current study was to compare in vivo bone strain measurements for animals doing these two types of exercises to see if these data could help explain the unexpected results.
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Yang, Xi, Yuhe Li, Liang Guo, Xinyi Sui, Petto Pak-To Ng i Betty Wai-Fan Kwan. "A Comparative Study of AGS and Non-AGS Backpacks on Relieving Fatigue of Neck and Back Muscles". W 2018 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc.2018.00407.

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Strauss, CE, i G. Hann. "G409(P) A pilot study providing vulnerable children entering emergency foster care with backpacks of essential items". W Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the RCPCH Conference–Online, 25 September 2020–13 November 2020. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2020-rcpch.352.

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Cao, Pengpeng, De-Kuan Chang, Andy Rakestraw, Amy Shaw, Ferdinando Pucci, Fabio Fachin, Christine McInnis i in. "Abstract 3577: Application of deep IL-15 backpacks to human T cells demonstrates tunable loading with enhanced cell proliferation and antitumor activity". W Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2018; April 14-18, 2018; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-3577.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Backpacks"

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Michel, Frank I., Stefanie Zeit, Dominik Krumm, Andreas Knochel i Stefan Schwanitz. Effect of Additively Manufactured Padding on the Mechanical and Thermal Comfort of MTB-Backpacks. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317472.

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CALIFORNIA UNIV SAN FRANCISCO. UM21 Backpack System. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, sierpień 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada385686.

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Norton, Karen, Leif Hasselquist, Jeffrey Schiffman, Michael LaFiandra i Louis Piscitelle. Inertial Properties of an External-Frame Backpack Device. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, kwiecień 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada413300.

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Barefield, James E., i Loan A. Le. Backpack Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy System Users Manual. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), luty 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1063243.

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Pibida, L., i B. Norman. Validation Testing of Standard Requirements for Backpack-type Radiation Detectors. National Institute of Standards and Technology, marzec 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.1789.

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Harman, Everett, Ki Hoon, Peter Frykman i Clay Pandorf. The Effects of backpack weight on the biomechanics of load carriage. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, maj 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada377886.

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Kurtz, Michael, Karen Conway i Robert Mohr. "BackPack" Food Programs Linked to Higher Test Scores for School Children. University of New Hampshire Libraries, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34051/p/2021.35.

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Lee, Dongwon, Brian M. Bucher, Kenneth M. Krebs, Edward H. Seabury i Jayson Wharton. Simulation-based Design of a Shadow Shield for the MIND Backpack System. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), lipiec 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1542580.

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Harman, Everett, Ki H. Han, Peter Frykman i Clay Pandorf. The Effects of Walking Speed on the Biomechanics of Backpack Load Carriage. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, maj 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada378381.

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Pibida, L., i C. Ward. Report of Special Nuclear Material Validation Measurements for Backpack Type Radiation Detectors. National Institute of Standards and Technology, sierpień 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.1808.

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