Kliknij ten link, aby zobaczyć inne rodzaje publikacji na ten temat: B.C.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „B.C”
Utwórz poprawne odniesienie w stylach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard i wielu innych
Sprawdź 50 najlepszych rozpraw doktorskich naukowych na temat „B.C”.
Przycisk „Dodaj do bibliografii” jest dostępny obok każdej pracy w bibliografii. Użyj go – a my automatycznie utworzymy odniesienie bibliograficzne do wybranej pracy w stylu cytowania, którego potrzebujesz: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver itp.
Możesz również pobrać pełny tekst publikacji naukowej w formacie „.pdf” i przeczytać adnotację do pracy online, jeśli odpowiednie parametry są dostępne w metadanych.
Przeglądaj rozprawy doktorskie z różnych dziedzin i twórz odpowiednie bibliografie.
1
Wong, Wai-yi Winnie, i 黃慧怡. "A study of Empress Lu (241 B.C.-180 B.C.)". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31952471.
Pełny tekst źródła
2
Loube, Heather. "The "Metz Epitome": Alexander (July, 330 B.C.-July, 325 B.C.). A commentary". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/10107.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This historical commentary on the Metz Epitome, a late fragmentary account of Alexander's exploits, compares the work with the extant early Alexander historians. The sources of the anonymous author have much in common with the Cleitarchan historians, in particular, Diodorus Siculus and Quintus Curtius Rufus. Non-Cleitarchan elements in the text seem to reflect a certain affinity with a Hebraic tradition concerning Alexander. An examination of the author's methodology suggests that "epitome" is not an accurate description of the work in question. The anonymous author has achieved a unique portrait of Alexander and included information not found elsewhere. In view of its late authorship and the few new crumbs of historical fact it offers, the value of the Metz Epitome lies in its interpretation of Alexander's career rather than as a source for it.
3
Wong, Wai-yi Winnie. "A study of Empress Lu (241 B.C.-180 B.C.) Lü hou yan jiu /". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31952471.
Pełny tekst źródła
4
Savela, Sarunas <1992>. "The conceptualisation of music in ancient Greek thought (V century B.C. – II century B.C.)". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/10446/1/The%20Conceptualisation%20of%20Music%20in%20Ancient%20Greek%20Thought.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The focus of this dissertation is the analysis of the music-related philosophical passages from the 5th century B.C. to the 2nd century B.C. It aims to provide a multifaceted view towards music as a cultural phenomenon, which is based primarily on the philological and culturological explorations instead of the technical-musicological approach. The texts from our selected period attest that mousikē had an extremely broad conceptualisation which led to the attribution of the different, sometimes completely opposite value: from an insignificant performative practice to an activity which corresponds to the divine laws and directly affects the human soul. The discussed testimonia provide evidence of defining music both as an exclusively acoustic phenomenon and as a philosophically significant concept that oversteps the sonic definition. Our sources clearly demonstrate that mousikē was a polysemous term: it was understood as an interdisciplinary form of art (as the arts of the Muses), though it was also used to indicate the exclusively instrumental music or a philosophical concept, which does not necessarily define sound as its essential quality. The aim of this dissertation is to clarify the arguments behind each of these positions, to analyse whether such different modes of conceptualisation are compatible among themselves, and to see how they fit together into explaining what was understood as music in Antiquity. In this thesis we explore the conceptual framework of mousikē and analyse what enabled the musical thought to be worthy of the attention of the greatest philosophical minds. We will demonstrate that it was not the sound or the artistic practices that were central in the philosophical thought on music, but instead the embedded structural qualities that have correspondence to the universal proportions of the cosmic world and which are perceptible to the listeners through the medium of sound.
5
Handley-Schachler, Iain-Morrison. "Achaemenid religion, 521-465 B.C". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357523.
Pełny tekst źródła
6
Gaskell, Edmund James. "Peloponnesian politics : 371-361 B.C". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250555.
Pełny tekst źródła
7
Anderson, Wendy R. M. "The significance of Middle Nubian C-group mortuary variability, ca. 2200 B.C. to ca. 1500 B.C". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq29875.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródła
8
Anderson, Wendy R. M. "The significance of Middle Nubian C-Group mortuary variability, ca. 2200 B.C. to ca. 1500 B.C. /". Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41966.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Several twentieth century archaeological expeditions to Lower Nubia recovered the skeletal and cultural remains of C-Group populations mainly from cemetery sites between Shellal and the Second Cataract. Along with the remains of the more or less contemporary Pangrave and Kerma peoples, the C-Group archaeological sequence was assigned to the Middle Nubian Period which lasted from the Sixth to the Eighteenth Egyptian Dynasties and is dated from ca. 2200 B.C. to ca. 1500 B.C. Conflicting interpretations of C-Group socioeconomic conditions are inevitable since no systematic analysis of the data resulting from the excavations of Middle Nubian cemeteries has ever been undertaken. In an attempt to assess the extent of C-Group economic contact with the Egyptians and to resolve the issue of possible growing social differentiation within the C-Group community, a quantitative analysis of the mortuary remains from fifteen C-Group cemeteries was undertaken. The results indicate that the flow of a small number of Egyptian artefacts into Lower Nubia was relatively constant and that contact between Lower Nubians and Egyptians was probably quite limited. Egyptian portrayals of constant fluctuation in Egyptian-Nubian political relations do not correspond with the evidence from the Nubian archaeological record. The analysis also indicated that economic inequality amongst the Middle Nubian population was present in each date category and tended to increase over time. Socioeconomic differences were greatest during the middle of the Second Intermediate Period. These findings indicate that the Middle Nubian socioeconomic system tolerated increasingly conspicuous differences amongst its members. They are not consistent with the hypothesis that no increase in differential access to burial resources occurred between ca. 2100 and ca. 1550 B.C. and that C-Group social and economic conditions remained virtually unchanged throughout their 800-year history.
9
Anderson, Wendy Rose Marie. "The significance of Middle Nubian C-group mortuary variability ca. 2200 B.C. to ca. 1500 B.C. /". Ottawa : National Library of Canada, 1999. http://tinyurl.com/24snk.
Pełny tekst źródła
10
Leung, Ming-fong Selina. "A study of Li Guang (?-119 B.C.)". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31950899.
Pełny tekst źródła
11
Demchuk, Andrea Madelaine Katherine. "The Stikine : Tahltans, environmentalists, and B.C. Hydro". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25379.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The Stikine and Iskut Rivers in northwest British Columbia form one of the last pristine wilderness river systems in North America. B.C. Hydro and Power Authority has, as part of its longterm development strategy, plans to dam the rivers some time early in the next century. These plans are opposed by the Tahltan Indians for whom the Stikine-Iskut Basin is an ancestral home and by numerous environmental organizations. This thesis analyzes the interaction of these opposition groups in light of the general literature on the Indian land claims and environmental movements. This is accomplished in four chapters.
The first chapter analyses Indian response to internal colonialism through both the maintenance of the native economy and the land claims movement and examines the history of the North American environmental movement in terms of reformist and deep environmentalism. The two movements are found to differ substantially over issues such as land use control and resource development.
The second chapter traces Tahltan and environmentalist attachments to the Stikine, outlines B.C. Hydro's plans and describes how B.C. Hydro's planning activities would themselves generate controversy.
The third chapter discusses and compares Tahltan and environmentalist opposition to B.C. Hydro's plans. The Tahltan opposition is expressed in two forms, both through the persistence of the Tahltan economy, the adherents to which are not represented in a fully funded formal organization and the more predominant Association of United Tahltans. The environmentalist opposition is falls mainly in the reformist stream of environmentalism. The predominant form of Tahltan opposition and the environmentalists are shown to have markedly different objectives.
The thesis concludes that the case of the Stikine indicates that there are many obstacles to alliances between the formally defined land claims movement and environmentalists. The most prominent of these obstacles is federal comprehensive claims policy which encourages resource-extractive development by providing for resource royalties in claim settlements. However, the findings from the Stikine also indicate there are numerous points of common interest between Indians committed to the native economy and environmentalists.Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate
12
Leung, Ming-fong Selina, i 梁明芳. "A study of Li Guang (?-119 B.C.)". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31950899.
Pełny tekst źródła
13
Heskel, Julia. "The North Aegean wars, 371-360 B.C. /". Stuttgart : F. Steiner, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb361991925.
Pełny tekst źródła
14
Herbert, Christopher Douglas. "Unequal participants: race and space in the interracial interactions of the Cariboo gold fields, 1860-1871 /". Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2005. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2048.
Pełny tekst źródła
15
Morrell, Kit. "Pompey, Cato, and the governance of the Roman empire". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/11632.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This study explores attempts to improve provincial governance in the late Republic, with a particular focus on the contributions of Pompey and the younger Cato. I argue that Romans were more aware of the problems of their empire than is generally recognised and were taking steps to address them. Chapter One examines the programme Pompey implemented as consul in 70 to combat the related problems of exploitation in the provinces and corruption in the courts. In Chapter 2 I turn to Pompey’s eastern campaigns and his attempt to realise an ideal of ethical imperialism. Chapter Three argues for a direct connection between Cato’s Stoic philosophy and his approach to empire, but one that was compatible with constructive action. Chapter Four reviews the context and content of Caesar’s extortion law of 59. I argue that both Pompey and (indirectly) Cato helped to shape the content of the law. The lex Julia was flawed, however, in that it applied only to senators and not to equestrian members of a governor’s staff. Chapter Five explores Pompey’s attempt in 55 to rectify that deficiency (with the support, I argue, of Cato and friends) and Cato’s attempt the following year to achieve something similar through the courts. Chapter Six examines Roman efforts to secure the loyalty of the eastern provinces in the aftermath of Carrhae. The Parthian threat was real, as was the defence response, but there was no notion of ‘avenging Crassus’ in this period. Rather, the disaster was the catalyst for a concerted programme of provincial reform. The final two chapters explore that programme in detail. The lex Pompeia de provinciis of 52—the product of collaboration between Pompey and Cato—provided the legislative framework by transforming the nature of provincial appointments. Cato also gave his name to the policy pursued by those appointed under the law. It promoted not only ethical government but deeper ethical change. This project might have produced lasting reform but for the onset of civil war.
16
Straka, Alena Vera. "Suburban elderly transportation : case study of Richmond, B.C". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28683.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This thesis was undertaken to examine the travel characteristics and transportation difficulties of independent-living elderly residing in suburban areas. The underlying intent of the research was to test the following hypothesis: although many independent-living elderly may own cars, they would prefer to use public transit, particularly demand-responsive public transit, provided it satisfied their travel requirements and public transport expectations. An examination of existing literature on the travel habits, mobility constraints, and public transportation expectations of the elderly revealed the following:
1. The number of older people in Canada is increasing dramatically, particularly in suburban areas.
2. Adequate transportation is essential to the physical, social, and psychological well-being of the elderly.
3. Elderly individuals residing in the suburbs are faced with certain inevitable transportation difficulties as a result of their residential location.
4. Demand-responsive transportation systems appear to most effectively increase the mobility of those seniors inadequately served by public transit and with little or no access to a private vehicle.
5. The co-existence of a demand-responsive transport system and a public transit system within a suburban area would satisfy both the transportation needs of the elderly and those of their younger counterparts.
The primary research task involved an exploratory survey of eighty-five Richmond independent-living elderly residents. Their travel habits, auto availability, reliance upon existing modes of public transportation, and difficulties encountered with the existing public transit system were ascertained through a self-administered questionnaire. Survey findings revealed most of the elderly to be fairly active and social. The majority carried out their daily errands sometime between 9 am and 4 pm, mainly within Richmond. Many relied upon their own vehicle for transportation and reported experiencing either no difficulty or only occasional difficulty in getting about. Car ownership rates were lower for the late-elderly respondents than the early-elderly, and the former age group also reported greater mobility difficulties. Overall, the sample was comprised of fairly agile and mobile seniors, most of whom were still quite capable of using the same public transportation systems as the rest of the suburban population.
Planners responsible for the provision of transportation for suburban elderly residents should be aware of the following major conclusions drawn from this thesis:
1. Most of the elderly car-owners surveyed preferred their own car over the use of public transit, regardless of whether or not existing public transportation systems were to be modified to better satisfy their needs.
2. The dramatic growth rate of individuals 75 years and over will inevitably lead to an overall increase in demand for public transportation, with a particularly large increase in demand for the existing HandyDART custom transit service.
3. Dependence upon public transportation by increasing numbers of suburban elderly females is expected to become much greater in the future.
4. The provision of an exclusive demand-responsive transit service for the elderly in Richmond is evidently not necessary.
5. Although the existence of public transportation along major routes within Richmond heading to downtown Vancouver appears to be plentiful, transit service on some of the routes running east to west throughout the municipality is apparently inadequate.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
17
Johnston, Terry. "Local government rural land use planning in B.C". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29957.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The objectives of this study are threefold:
1. to provide an understanding of the need for rural land use planning;
2. to describe and compare British Columbia's, Alberta's,
Ontario's and Saskatchewan's current system for rural land use planning; and
3. if applicable, suggest improvements to B.C's rural planning
process as a result of the research conducted.
A historical review of the need for rural planning and land use controls has been conducted in conjunction with research into present day trends. In addition, regional district officials from around the province were contacted in order to obtain their views on rural planning in B.C. This research establishes the need for rural planning, but raises questions about the public's perception of the planning process.
To obtain information on alternative planning processes,
research is conducted on rural planning in Alberta, Ontario, and
Saskatchewan. This information is then evaluated through a
comparative analysis with the planning process used prior to Bill 62 and the new Rural Land Use Bylaw. The evaluation concludes that the Rural Land Use Bylaw is preferred over the pre-Bill 62 planning legislation.
Incorporating what has been learned in previous chapters, this study concludes by presenting suggestions for amending the existing legislation in order to further simplify the planning process. Additional areas for new research are also detailed in order that planners can strive for a more flexible and responsive planning process to serve the rural public.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
18
Prince, Paul. "Settlement, trade and social ranking at Kitwanga, B.C". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0005/NQ42869.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródła
19
Charland, Marlene. "Tectonics in Blackman Creek area, Selwyn range, B.C". Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61999.
Pełny tekst źródła
20
Carabatea, Maria. "Iconography of Athenian art between 430-400 B.C". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356965.
Pełny tekst źródła
21
Bovee, Roderick. "Lipidomic and Genomic Investigation of Mahoney Lake, B.C". Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11287.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Photic-zone euxinia (PZE) is associated with several times in Earth's history including Phanerozoic extinction events and long parts of the Proterozoic. One of the best modern analogues for extreme PZE is Mahoney Lake in British Columbia, Canada where a dense layer of purple sulfur bacteria separate the oxic mixolimnion from one of the most sulfidic monimolimnions in the world. These purple sulfur bacteria are known to produce the carotenoid okenone. Okenone's diagenetic product, okenane, has potential as a biomarker for photic-zone euxinia, so understanding its production and transport is important for interpreting the geologic record. In the following dissertation, I examine Mahoney Lake with a multi-proxy approach. I use lipid biomarkers to understand organic matter production burial in the lake and find strong evidence of lateral transport of organic matter from shoreline microbial mats to the lake-bottom sediments. I also find evidence of okenone production in these shoreline mats and a carotenoid previously unreported in the environment, Thiothece-484, associated with the okenone synthetic pathway. Finally, I develop a new bioinformatics method to examine high-throughput metagenomic data and use this method to start understanding how the metabolic and lipid synthetic pathways of microbial communities in the lake are associated with each other.Earth and Planetary Sciences
22
Stibitz, J. Russell. "Senncherib's [sic] invasion of Judah in 701 B.C". Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 1995. http://www.tren.com.
Pełny tekst źródła
23
Hees, Brigitte. "Honorary Decrees in Attic Inscriptions, 500 - 323 B.C". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185480.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In this dissertation Athenian inscriptions, granted during the fifth and fourth centuries down to the death of Alexander the Great, are analyzed. The evidence includes grants of citizenship, proxenia, epimeleia, enktesis, ateleia, and isoteleia to deserving foreigners. During the fifth century, Athens used these grants, particularly the proxenia, as one means to keep her predominant position in Greece. Other honors were also used for this purpose, such as the offer of protection, and to some degree citizenship honors. In their domestic affairs, Athenians used enktesis, ateleia, and isoteleia as rewards, especially for resident aliens. According to epigraphic evidence, the ateleia and isoteleia decrees show no increase during the fourth century, while the greatest number of proxeny decrees were passed from 353 to 323 B.C. Although honorary decrees were awarded liberally during this time, there was no steady increase from the fifth century down to 323 B.C. During the period from 399 to 354, the number of extant honorary decrees is rather small. Particular attention is paid to an analysis of the development of each honor, the identification of the individuals involved, and their relation to the Athenian people.
24
Forsberg, Lars L. "Site variability and settement patterns : an analysis of the hunter-gatherer settlement in the Lule River Valley, 1500 B.C.-B.C.(A.D) /". Umeå : University of Umeå, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb366809789.
Pełny tekst źródła
25
Spanoudakis, Konstantin. "Philetas of Cos : the poetical fragments". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15484.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The greatest impediment in our effort to reconstruct the history of Greek literature of the 4th c. B.C. is the almost complete loss of important poets such as Antimachus of Colophon, a loss which leaves us in the dark as to the conditions that led to the 3rd c. B.C. renaissance. In the times around 300 B.C. leading figures were active in the SE Aegean, the most prominent of whom was Philetas of Cos. Ptolemy I entrusted him with the tutorship of his son Ptolemy II. Philetas was highly esteemed by his compatriots who honoured him with a statue, and by the avant-garde among Hellenistic poets including Callimachus and Theocritus. He wrote hexameters (Hermes), narrative elegy (Demeter), Epigrams and Paegnia and perhaps a Telephus. His Ataktoi Glossai, the first ever collection of recondite dialect vocables, became instantly renowned. But his poetiy did not survive long and is now almost entirely lost; no more than 50 lines survive along with 31 second hand entries of his Atakta mainly from Athenaeus. These were last published and studied by G. Kuchenmiiller in a Berlin 1928 thesis written in Latin, a work nowadays not easily accessible. This new approach to the scanty poetical remains of Philetas brings the study of this key figure up to date, takes into consideration material published since the twenties (including two fragments, three important testimonies, Hellenistic fragments which have become available from papyri, verse-inscriptions and inscriptions from Cos). Evidence from various sources is adduced to reconstruct Philetas' poems (particularly his "Coan" Demeter, to which most of the surviving fragments are attributed) and the key epigram fr. 27 is newly interpreted to show Philetas a Callimachean before Callimachus. A detailed commentary elucidates the wide range of Philetas' sources of inspiration and the largely neglected influence of his work, often followed up to Imperial times. A list of Alleged Testimonia and another of Alleged Ascriptions are provided to discuss pseudo-Philetan references and material.
26
Forsberg, Lars L. "Site variability and settlement patterns an analysis of the hunter-gatherer settlement system in the Lule River valley, 1500 B.C.-B.C./A.D. /". Umeå : Dept. of Archaeology, University of Umeå, 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/16279966.html.
Pełny tekst źródła
27
DeRoche, Carole Diane. "Textile production in Britain during the first millennium B.C". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252012.
Pełny tekst źródła
28
de, Young Bradley. "The circulation and internal tide of Indian Arm, B.C". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27067.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The wintertime deepwater exchange in a silled fjord is described. Bottom-water renewal took place in the third year of the study, 1984/85. Hydraulic control of the exchange was consistent with the observations. This control is exerted over the long sill, which restricts access to the fjord. The maximum density at the sill was observed during neap tides. No distinct peaks in the velocity at the sill were observed during the inflows. During each inflow, associated with a neap tide, about 20% of the water in the fjord was replaced. These exchanges occurred over periods of 5 — 10 days.
An internal tide was observed in Indian Arm in all three winters studied. In the winter of 1983/84, this internal tide was observed to change from a predominantly M₂ internal response to a predominantly K₁. This change in the response is explained as a partial resonance response of the system. During the 1983/84 winter, the resonance period steadily increased from 14 hours at the start, to 22 hours at the end. It is suggested that the enhanced internal response at the K₁ frequency, late in the winter, is due to resonance. Fitting of normal modes was done to look at the energy flux in Indian Arm. About 20 — 30% of the energy flux is found to propagate from the head of the inlet, supporting the resonance hypothesis, which requires energy to be reflected from the head.
The energy sinks for the barotropic tide are investigated using a variety of data. From an analysis of the tidal data, it is estimated that a total of 10 — 15 % of the barotropic tidal energy which enters Burrard Inlet is dissipated. About 0.7 MW is lost from the barotropic tide in the vicinity of the Indian Arm sill. About 0.3 MW was found in internal waves propagating away from the sill. Of this flux about 60 % was in the internal tide, with 40 % in high frequency internal waves. The vertical diffusion coefficient (K[sub v]) is determined from an analysis of the density data. K[sub v] is found to be related to the buoyancy frequency N by the relationship, K[sub v] ∝ N[sup –o.86].Using K[sub v] and N, the amount of energy which does work against buoyancy is found to be about 100 kW. From this energy estimate, the flux Richardson number (Rf) is estimated be 0.05 — 0.1.Science, Faculty of
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of
Graduate
29
Thompson, Gail Patricia. "The private practice of social work : Vancouver, B.C., 1987". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27714.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The private practice of social work has been either central or tangential to many historical and contemporary social work issues. Over the years it has been inherent in debates and discussions on professionalism, cause versus function (or macro versus micro), public versus private (or privatization), elitism, control of title, registration or licensing and vendorship (or third-party payments).
Private practice has been debated and discussed at two different levels. Historically, it was mainly debated at a higher level—the level of ideologies and philosophies which reflected various deeply held value posititions. More recently a superficial shift has occurred that has moved the debate to a lower level and has focussed the discussions on descriptions of the characteristics of private practice. These descriptions are sometimes contradictory, sometimes inconclusive, and almost always, originate from the United States. Nonetheless, they too are used as arguments both against and in support of private practice.
On the higher level, this paper researched private practice in the context of its relationship to professionalism and theories of professionalization.
On the lower level, through a self-administered mailed questionnaire, private practitioners in Greater Vancouver were surveyed in order to obtain an accurate and current, description of private practice within the defined geographical area. Many of the descriptions reported in the private practice literature were supported by this sample and others were not.
Due to the developing leadership role of professionals within society, professionalization was determined to be beneficial to the profession. Private practice was found to be the delivery model most consistent with early criteria of professionalization. However, recent authors (Austin, 1983; Popple, 1985) have rejected some of the criteria previously asserted as needing to be fulfilled in order to attain professional status. It was therefore concluded that while private practice historically advanced the professionalization of social work, the continuance or the expansion of private practice is not necessary in order to either attain further professional status or to retain that which has already been achieved.Arts, Faculty of
Social Work, School of
Graduate
30
Matkovic, Iva. "Roman settlement of Northern Bruttium : 200 B.C.-A.D. 300 /". *McMaster only, 2001.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
31
Kleinman, Brahm. "Ambitus in the Late Roman Republic (80-50 B.C.)". Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=107806.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This study provides an analysis of the electoral practice of ambitus, usually translated as electoral bribery, during the last generation of the Roman Republic (80-50 B.C.). It offers a broader definition of ambitus as "an exaggeration of traditional electoral practices" and argues that it should not be considered a form of corruption in the context of late Republican politics. Ambitus had several important symbolic and practical functions that made it an indispensable part of canvassing, but was not primarily a method for candidates to obtain the votes of poorer citizens. Opposition to ambitus, whether in the form of legislation, prosecutions or invective, did not stem from moral outrage but from practical concerns and the specific political goals of individual aristocrats. Senators hoped to use legislation and prosecutions against ambitus to advance their own careers. At the same time, aristocratic competition had intensified due to the constitutional reforms enacted during Sulla's dictatorship. It was recognized that ever increasing expenditure was necessary to win elections. The political elite thus considered the rising scale of ambitus to be a destabilizing factor in late Republican politics and attempted to regulate it.Cette étude offre une analyse de la pratique électorale d'ambitus, traduit habituellement comme corruption électorale, au cours de la dernière génération de la république Romaine (80-50 avant J.-C.). L'auteur offre une définition plus large d'ambitus comme étant « une exagération des pratiques électorales traditionnelles » et affirme que cela ne devrait pas être considéré une forme de corruption dans le contexte de l'apogée de la politique républicaine. L'ambitus servait plusieurs importantes fonctions symboliques et pragmatiques qui en faisaient une partie indispensable du démarchage électoral. Néanmoins, ce n'était pas principalement une méthode d'obtention, pour les candidats, des votes des citoyens les plus pauvres. L'opposition à ambitus, que ce soit sous la forme de lois, de poursuites ou d'invective, ne parvenait pas d'une indignation morale de la population, mais plutôt des préoccupations et des objectifs politiques de certains aristocrates. Ces sénateurs espéraient approprier l'effort contre l'ambitus pour avancer leurs propres carrières. En même temps, alors que la compétition entre aristocrates s'intensifiait en raison des réformes constitutionnelles de la dictature de Sulla, il a été reconnu que ces dépenses, devenus de plus en plus nécessaires pour effectuer l'ambitus et gagner les élections, étaient une force de déstabilisation dans la politique républicaine. Les élites politiques donc essayaient de le réglementer.
32
Brousseau, Eric. "«Politics and policy: Rome and Liguria 200-172 B.C". Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95100.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Stephen Dyson's The Creation of the Roman Frontier employs various anthropological models to explain the development of Rome's republican frontiers. His treatment of the Ligurian frontier in the second century BC posits a Ligurian policy' crafted largely by the Senate and Roman frontier tacticians' (i.e. consuls). Dyson consciously avoids incorporating the pressures of domestic politics and the dynamics of aristocratic competition. But his insistence that these factors obscure policy continuities is incorrect. Politics determined policy. This thesis deals with the Ligurian frontier from 200 to 172 BC, years in which Roman involvement in the region was most intense. It shows that individual magistrates controlled policy to a much greater extent than Dyson and other scholars have allowed. The interplay between the competing forces of aristocratic competition and Senatorial consensus best explains the continuities and shifts in regional policy.The Creation of the Roman Frontier, l'uvre de Stephen Dyson, utilise plusieurs modèles anthropologiques pour illuminer le développement de la frontière républicaine. Son traitement de la frontière Ligurienne durant la deuxième siècle avant J.-C. postule une politique' envers les Liguriennes déterminer par le Sénat et les tacticiens de la frontière romain' (les consuls). Dyson fais exprès de ne pas tenir compte des forces de la politique domestique et la compétition aristocratique. Mais son insistance que ces forces cachent les continuités de la politique Ligurienne est incorrecte. Ce thèse évalue les développements dans la Ligurie entre les années 200 et 172 avant J.-C.les trentes ans pendant lesquelles les romains faisaient de la guerre à presque chaque année en Ligurie. La thèse montre que les individus influençaient la politique plus souvent et plus fortement que Dyson et autres historien(ne)s concèdent. Les continuités et changement dans la politique régionale sont mieux expliqués selon un cadre qui prend compte de la tension entre la compétition aristocratique et le consensus Sénatorial.
33
Hatzivassiliou, Eleni. "Athenian black-figure iconography between 510 and 475 B.C". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.432134.
Pełny tekst źródła
34
Steppler, C. "The nature of Athenian politics, 432/1-322 B.C". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376019.
Pełny tekst źródła
35
Low, Polly Alexandra. "Normative politics in Greek interstate relations, 411-322 B.C". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.606310.
Pełny tekst źródła
36
Lee, Sau-yung Yvonne, i 李秀容. "The life of Emperor Kuangwu, 6 B.C.-57 A.D". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1988. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31208265.
Pełny tekst źródła
37
金發根 i Fa-ken Frank Chin. "Regionalism in early mediaeval China (206 B.C. - 589 A.D.)". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1988. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31231536.
Pełny tekst źródła
38
Tijhuis, Alexander Boudewijn Christiaan. "Digital detection system for RF-identification / Alexander B.C. Tijhuis". Thesis, North-West University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/514.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
A South African company, iPico, developed an analogue detection system for RF-Identification
tags. This device is however not as robust as it should be. Therefore it was
decided to attempt to design and build a digital equivalent of this system.
The development of this digital system was divided into two phases; firstly a simulation
program was developed and tested. This was to determine if this digital system would be
able to perform as good as, or even better than the analogue system. The final simulation
software is built up out of numerous components, including time domain and frequency
domain filtering and an intelligent detection scheme to filter out the data.
The second phase was the implementation of the algorithms into hardware. This hardware
consists of a DSP processor and an AD converter from Texas Instruments. Using this
hardware, it was possible to implement the algorithms.
The final results of a few thorough tests illustrated that the digital system would be able
to beat the old analogue system, whereby the digital system can still be further optimized.
There are, however, a few remarks about the execution time, hardware optimizations and
the non-optimized algorithms for specific undocumented situations.Thesis (M.Ing. (Computer and Electronical Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.
39
McKechnie, Paul. "Greeks outside the πόλις in the fourth century B.C". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c4a32b72-db12-41a0-a813-0519fa4145e2.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This thesis examines Greeks who in the fourth century B.C. did not live in the sovereign city- and town-sized communities in which most inhabitants of South Greece spent their lives. In it I argue that the number of Greeks living outside these communities increased very significantly during this period. I examine what Greek cities were destroyed and what Greek cities were founded in the fourth century, considering wherever possible how many Greeks are likely to have been added to or taken from the number of stateless Greeks by these destructions and foundations. I argue that until Alexander the Great and Timoleon began large programmes of settlement in the East and West respectively, there were probably many more Greeks losing their city homes than finding new ones (and that this is in contrast to the position before 400 B.C.). I consider the increasing numbers of Greek mercenaries, pirates, skilled workers and traders. Though people of widely differing kinds entered these occupations, I suggest that the way in which they all grew simultaneously in the fourth century indicates that the movement towards living outside cities was not entirely a response to difficult political circumstances in cities. Though some who were outside cities were so perforce, nevertheless an ideology which treated loosening of city ties as normal was being developed and was contrary to the established ideology whereby πόλις life was definitive of normal Greek life. I suggest that the availability of a large number of people with specialist skills from soldiering to diplomatic and literary skills created a world fit for Hellenistic Kings to live in. They could easily find recruits for their armies and courts. This contributes to explaining how Alexander and his Successors managed to conquer and subdue all Greece, which no power had previously done.
40
Arrowsmith, Stanley P. "The tyranny in Athens in the sixth century B.C". Thesis, University of Manchester, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.237527.
Pełny tekst źródła
41
D'Albiac, Carole Ann. "Sphinxes and griffins in Cyprus c. 1450-600 B.C". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300309.
Pełny tekst źródła
42
Myers, Morgan Leigh. "Publius Sulpicius Rufus and the Events of 88 B.C". The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1259779953.
Pełny tekst źródła
43
Scott, Stephen Carleton University Dissertation Sociology. "Primitive accumulation, the B.C. salmon industry and Indian labour". Ottawa, 1986.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
44
Zafeiriadis, Paschalis. "Society Makes Itself: Analyzing Spatial and Social Structures in Late Neolithic (ca. 5300-4500 B.C.) – Early Bronze Age (ca. 3300-2000 B.C.) Macedonia, Greece". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1543847743106245.
Pełny tekst źródła
45
Lester-Pearson, Miles. "The influence of Achaemenid Persia on fourth-century and early Hellenistic Greek tyranny". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11826.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This thesis is an examination of how Greek tyranny in the fourth century and the early Hellenistic age was influenced by Achaemenid Persia and the Ancient Near East. The introduction lays out the problems of interpreting the Ancient Near East through Greco-Roman sources, via Ephippus' description of Alexander the Great, as well as discussing two important examples of Persianisation that have been examined in detail in the past: Pausanias of Sparta and Alexander the Great. The relevant Classical Greek and Achaemenid sources concerning Persian kingship are then considered, in order to establish four categories by which to examine the tyrannical dynasties chosen as case studies: Appearance, Accessibility, Dynasty and Military Function. Using these four categories, the dynasties of the Dionysii of Syracuse, the Clearchids of Heraclea Pontica, the Hecatomnids of Caria and Agathocles of Syracuse, chosen for their geographical and temporal variance, are examined individually over the next four chapters. Appearance concerns the ruler's dress and body presentation, the use of status items such as crowns and sceptres, and the display of luxury. Accessibility concerns the use of architecture and fortifications, as well as court protocol and bodyguards, in order to control access to the ruler. Dynasty concerns family trees, marriages and the role of women, and the role of close family and subordinates in important administrative positions. Military Function concerns the role of the ruler in warfare as well as power symbols, titles and epithets. The analysis of the tyrannies taken altogether using the same categories forms the basis of the subsequent chapter, and allows for comparison with the Achaemenid Persian evidence in order to determine whether there is any significant correlation. This chapter also examines the potential methods of transmission. The thesis concludes that there are significant similarities in some aspects of tyrannical rule with that of Achaemenid kingship, and demonstrates that tyrants were engaging in the political and philosophical discourse of the era. The 'royal nature' as demonstrated by Xenophon proves to be something that tyrants aspire to, without becoming kings in name. The thesis also concludes that thinking of Greek tyrants in rigid characterisation is no longer acceptable, whether temporally as alter and junger tyranny, or geographically as Greek rulers of Greek cities with no contextual influence.
46
Stiefel, Sheryl Kay. "The subsistence economy of the Locarno Beach culture (3300-2400 B.P.)". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25524.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This thesis is concerned with analysing vertebrate fauna (mammals, birds, and fish) from the Locarno Beach culture (3300-2400 B.P.) of the Fraser River Delta area in southern British Columbia. The principal objective is to reconstruct site level vertebrate exploitative patterns for the Locarno Beach culture components at the Locarno Beach (DhRt 6), Whalen Farm (DfRs 3), and Musqueam NE (DhRt 4) sites.
Qualitative and quantitative faunal analytic methods are employed to evaluate faunal data from each component. Data are also evaluated by seasonal availability and preferred habitat categories.
The results of the faunal analysis indicate that Locarno Beach culture populations exploited mainly riverine and foreshore resources. Salmon is the major vertebrate resource, followed by land mammals (deer and elk) and waterfowl (mainly diving species). Intensive herring, flatfish, and waterfowl exploitation took place at two sites (DhRt 6 and DfRs 3), probably in conjunction with shellfish harvesting during the late winter through early spring (February to April). DhRt 6 was also occupied during the spring to early summer (April to June) for surf smelt procurement. The third site (DhRt 4) was occupied from late winter through the summer and may have been a major encampment for Fraser River salmon procurement. DhRt 4 also shares many attributes associated with Marpole and Late Prehistoric culture village sites.
It is concluded that the Locarno Beach culture vertebrate subsistence economy is part of the Northwest Coast pattern. The Locarno Beach culture is a development from the St. Mungo culture (4300 - 3300 B.P.) with greater emphasis on riverine resources, especially salmon.
Locarno Beach culture vertebrate fauna data indicate a range of site types, including seasonal resource extraction sites, salmon fishing sites, and possibly a winter village site. Similar to Marpole (2400-1600 B.P.) and Late Prehistoric (1600-1100 B.P.) cultures, Locarno Beach culture populations of the Fraser Delta exploited aggregated resources (e.g. herring, flatfish, waterfowl, and shellfish) at seasonally occupied camps during the late winter to early spring. The primary summer subsistence activity was salmon procurement. Preliminary evidence suggests that Fraser River sockeye salmon runs (late summer to fall) were intensively exploited with fishing nets near DhRt 4. Prolonged occupation at DhRt 4 during the winter may indicate that this site was a winter village, as well as a fishing site.Arts, Faculty of
Anthropology, Department of
Graduate
47
Carter, Elizabeth Sibbald. "Early and middle Jurassic Radiolarian biostratigraphy, Queen Charlotte Islands, B.C". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24586.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Radiolarian biostratigraphy is used to construct an informal zonation for sediments of upper Pliensbachian to lower Bajocian age from the Maude and Yakoun Formations, Queen Charlotte Islands, B.C. Paleoenvironmental studies assess depositional environment and the effects of changing facies relationships on the fauna.
Seven distinctive assemblages are recognized comprising 167 species of spumellarian and nassellarian Radiolaria. The first well established middle Toarcian radiolarian assemblages are documented and both these and upper Toarcian assemblages are highly diverse and contain many new and unusual forms. Five genera and 89 new species are described many of which have restricted biostratigraphic ranges. A chlorophyte algal cyst appearing in all lowest Bajocian samples may, with further study, prove to be a significant marker for the lower Bajocian in the Queen Charlotte Islands.
Although Toarcian Radiolaria have been little studied, the assemblages compare with others from North America, the Mediterranean and Japan, and are distinctly Tethyan in aspect. This is consistent with the position of Wrangellia, which paleomagnetic and ammonite biogeographic evidence indicates was in the northern hemisphere within 30° of the equator during the Early to Middle Jurassic.
Studies of the abundance of spumellarians vs. nassellarians indicate thatnassellarians predominate, are abundant and diverse in deeper-water deposits (middle Toarcian and lower Bajocian shales) whereas spume Marians, particularly those with multi-layered or spongy tests, dominate in shallow-water deposits (upper middle Toarcian to Aalenian sandstones). Shallow-water nassellarians are much less diverse but a few species (all multicyrtids with thickened tests) are very abundant. Depth appears to be the major factor controlling radiolarian distribution patterns in this relatively shallow-water setting.
Studies of eustatic sea-level changes throughout the Jurassic have indicated that major phases of sea-level rise occurred in the early to mid Toarcian and in the early Bajocian with a major phase of sea-level lowering in the late Toarcian to Aalenian; detailed study of the radiolarian faunal succession in the Queen Charlotte Islands appears to confirm this major worldwide trend.Science, Faculty of
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of
Graduate
48
Pecarski, Randall George. "Comprehensive community planning within B.C. Indian communities : a case study". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26897.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This thesis investigates the role and nature of comprehensive community planning (CCP) within B.C. Indian communities, and analyzes the outcomes of a specific CCP experience where an outside consultant and an Indian community concentrated on planning the nature, rather than the product, of the process.
The approach used is a literature review of CCP in B.C. Indian communities and theoretical concepts relevant to this type of planning. The thesis develops a normative definition of CCP which proposes use of five process characteristics that should enhance Indian planning capabilities. These are: a comprehensive scope and approach; a formal/systematic method; a developmental approach; a participatory application; and mutuality of insider/outsider relationships. A case study method is applied to the Similkameen Indian Bands' Comprehensive Community Plan. Analysis of the case uses the CCP definition to identify the nature and outcomes of the process.
Indian experiences and perspectives of community planning indicate control over the process, learning from the process, and communicating in the process are difficult to achieve when outsiders are involved. This thesis argues this is due to a lack of attention to planning the nature of the process itself. For Indian communities preparing for self-government CCP may be an important developmental tool if it: improves their planning process skills and self-management capabilities; and, uses outsiders to facilitate this capacity-building without loss of control over the process.
The Similkameen experience indicates that application of the proposed normative characteristics of CCP is possible. The outcomes of this case suggest that increased attention to the planning process, by insiders and outsiders, improves the nature of the process as well as producing substantive outputs. Improvements to the nature of the process include extensive community participation by involving community members in 'planning for planning'. An intensive effort was made to fully engage community members in the planning process before determining specific directions for substantive planning. Community participation allowed formal/systematic planning methods to be applied with sensitivity to Indian culture. Developmental outcomes of this participatory process include improvements in the community's planning process skills and self-management competency. 'Planning for planning' also resulted in a mutuality of insider/outsider relations to develop. This relationship placed insiders and outsiders on equal terms which contributed to mutual learning and provided opportunities for the community to direct outsiders' work in ways that best served their needs.
A community plan was produced in the Similkameen case that addressed a comprehensive scope of substantive planning areas such as: Band organization and administration; social development; recreation and culture; economic development; infrastructure; and, land use. This a significant outcome given the low completion rate among other B.C. Bands for this type of plan, and the importance of CCP's in guiding overall community development. Self-direction in the full range of community functions is at the heart of self-government. Use of a -comprehensive approach enabled the community to consider inter-relations between proposed substantive actions and to consciously develop priorities for implementation. Several instances of implementation of the Similkameen Plan were observed and expressed by community members which indicate it is being used to direct action in substantive areas.
Case-specific opportunities and constraints faced in preparing the Similkameen Plan are also identified. Constraints included political and organizational complexity, loss of key participants, cultural differences within the community, potential for dependency on the consultant, and time. Opportunities included ease of communication, the Band's desire to improve self-management capabilities, Indian culture, insider/outsider trust, and access to Band planning funds.
Implications of this study for similar communities are identified and areas for future research are suggested.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
49
Huang, Hsin Chung. "The B.C. mushroom industry : an analysis of demand and supply". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27962.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The mushroom industry in British Columbia markets and distributes through a central selling agency under the trademark Money's Mushrooms. This member owned agency also exercises control, through production area quotas, on member production. This study analyses the market behavior of the B.C. mushroom industry¹, in order to ascertain whether producers collectively exercise monopoly control over the industry.
The main structural components of the industry are described in a mathematical model using a partial equilibrium analysis. The parameters which affect demand are estimated with econometric equations. Supply is formulated by minimizing a cost function subject to a Constant Elasticity of Substitution Production Fuction. A major feature in supply is the joint-product relationship between mushrooms which are sold fresh and mushrooms which are sold processed. Policy implications arising from the structure of the industry and its observed behavior in the market are then analysed.
The econometric analysis indicates that the demand for fresh mushrooms in B.C. over the period 1982 to 1986 was influenced by own price, advertising and the price of a complement, beef. The ability of the association to set prices in the fresh market is confirmed by the results. In the processed market, it was found
¹In this study, mushroom refers to the commercially
marketed variety "Agaricus Bisporus". that imported processed mushrooms are very close substitutes for domestic processed mushrooms. The factors which influence processed mushroom demand are consumer income, and price of imported processed mushrooms.
A mathematical model of the industry is formulated with two opposing models of market behavior -perfect competition, and monopoly power. The model generated results are then compared to actual market data. The results support a model of competitive market behavior in the B.C. mushroom industry. That is, producers do not collectively, through the marketing association, set prices above competitive levels. In addition, the analysis indicates that the production quota is not a binding input on production. Therefore, given the existing production technology, no societal welfare gains can be realized by increasing the total allocation of quota in the B.C. mushroom industry.
It is concluded that the centralized marketing of mushrooms in B.C. provides benefits to producers through scale economies in inputs and in marketing/distribution. However, the limited powers that the association has available to enforce cooperation amongst members has recently placed the association in financial difficulties. Specifically, the low prices (relative to cost of production) for processed mushrooms in 1986 has recently resulted in several growers opting out of the association in favour of forming their own marketing agency. There was also a significant increase in volume of illegal sales in 1986. The reduced volume of patronage, illegal sales, and competitive pressure from the newly formed marketing agency has resulted in lower prices for members of the association.Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
50
Clease, Derek Fraser. "Evolutionary divergence in Philonema (Nematoda; Philometridae) parasites of B.C. salmonids". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28942.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Philonema (Nematoda; Philometridae) from anadromous hosts, sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), and non-anadromous hosts, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) , were studied in order to determine if hosts with different life histories were infected with the same or different species of Philonema. Worms from the two host species were morphologically indistinguishable. However, electrophoretic banding patterns produced by restriction enzyme digestion of DNA extracted from Philonema demonstrated the presence of two genetic types corresponding to the two host species. This supports the idea that at least two species of Philonema are endemic in British Columbia. Philonema oncorhynchi Kuitunen-Ekbaum, 1933 is a parasite of sockeye salmon which undergo a long ocean migration before returning to freshwater to spawn, while P. agubernaculum Simon and Simon, 1936 is a parasite of rainbow trout (and other salmonids) which live in lakes.
Kokanee (O. nerka kennerlyi), a non-anadromous offshoot of sockeye, were infected with the same worm as sockeye probably because the two hosts have similar life histories. Steelhead smolts, anadromous O. mykiss, contained worms identified as P. agubernaculum. This likely represented an accidental infection because steelhead do not usually contact Philonema.
Philonema were examined from various localities in B.C. Philonema agubernaculum showed population divergence corresponding to the different geographic localities from which it was collected. This likely reflects the isolation of these parasite populations in unconnected watersheds. Philonema oncorhynchi showed polymorphisms spread throughout many of the populations. The lack of population divergence probably results from gene flow between parasite populations brought about by wandering hosts.Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate