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1
Toraya, H., and T. Ochiai. "Refinement of unit-cell parameters by whole-powder-pattern fitting technique." Powder Diffraction 9, no. 4 (1994): 272–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715600018996.
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The accuracy of the unit-cell parameters refined by using the whole-powder-pattern decomposition method is discussed. Powders of W, ZnO, TiO2, BaTiO3 Mg2SiO4, Al2SiO5 (+α-SiO2), and monoclinic ZrO2 were used as test samples. Two internal standard reference materials of Si and CeO2 and two types of powder diffractometers were used for data collections. The systematic peak-shift was corrected by determining the unit-cell parameters and the error function simultaneously during the whole-pattern-fitting. The estimated standard deviations for sample means ranged from <10 ppm (10−6) in cubic symmetry to 20∼50 ppm in monoclinic symmetry. These analyses could be carried out almost automatically in a computation time of less than l min for each sample on a workstation. The use of symmetric experimental profiles, obtained by the suppression of axial divergence, is very effective and of essential importance for improving the accuracy of unit-cell parameters.
2
Wang, Weijun, and Zhenggui Li. "Influence of different types of volutes on centrifugal aviation fuel pump." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 13, no. 3 (2021): 168781402110052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878140211005202.
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High efficiency and low vibration are two hot topics in the field of fluid mechanics. In this paper, different spiral volutes are designed for centrifugal aviation fuel pump based on Velocity Coefficient Method. Physical fields under different operating conditions are simulated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software that solved the Navier–Stokes equations for three-dimensional flow (3D-RANS). And theoretical and simulation values of radial and axial forces are analyzed. The unsteady pressure fluctuation based on the steady results at the monitoring point is solved and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is used to obtain the influence of different volutes on pressure pulsation. The influence of three volutes on is analyzed and compared with the simulation. The results show that the double volutes improve significantly the large flow efficiency of the aviation fuel pump, 20%–30% higher than that of the single volute. The doubles volute can also optimize the radial force under the off-design condition. The radial force of the single volute fuel pump is 100 N. The radial force of the two types of double volute fuel pump is between 10 and 20 N. The three types of volute have no obvious influence on the axial force. Two types of double volutes provide excellent suppression of fuel pump pulsation spikes over the full frequency range. The peak value of single volute is mainly concentrated in the low frequency area below 2000 Hz. The blade frequency (170 Hz) and frequency multiplication are the main frequencies of the pulsation and the pulsation decreases rapidly in the high frequency area. The research results provide theoretical support for the design of aviation fuel pump with low pressure pulsation.
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Farag, Ashraf, Jeffery Hammersley, Dan Olson, and Terry Ng. "Mechanics of the Flow in the Small and Middle Human Airways." Journal of Fluids Engineering 122, no. 3 (2000): 576–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1287724.
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Steady divergent flow (inspiration directed) is measured using Laser Doppler Velocimetry in a large-scale model carefully mimicing the morphometry of small human airways. The anatomical features, which induced vorticity in the flow from vorticity free entrance flow, are evaluated under conditions of convective similitude. The flow pattern in the daughter tubes is typical of laminar flow within the entrance to sharp bends (Dean number >500) with rapid development of strong secondary flows (maximum secondary velocity is 45 percent of mean axial velocity). The secondary flow consists of two main vortices, with two smaller and weaker secondary vortex activities toward the inner wall of curvature. There appears to be time dependent interaction with these vortices causing warbling at specific flow conditions. The calculated vorticity transport along the flow axis showed interaction between the viscous force at the new boundary layer development along the carinal wall and centrifugal force of curvature, with a significant influence by the upstream flow prior to entering the actual flow division. This interplay results in an overshoot of the calculated vorticity transport comparable to flow entering curved bends and suppression for the tendency to separate at the inner wall of these tight bends. The maximum primary flow velocities are skewed toward the carinal side (outer wall of curvature) and development of a second peak occurred with convection of the high velocity elements toward the inner wall of curvature by the strong secondary flow. [S0098-2202(00)01903-9]
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Wong, K. W. L., J. Zhao, D. Lo Jacono, M. C. Thompson, and J. Sheridan. "Experimental investigation of flow-induced vibration of a sinusoidally rotating circular cylinder." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 848 (June 5, 2018): 430–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.379.
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The present experimental investigation characterises the dynamic response and wake structure of a sinusoidally rotating circular cylinder with a low mass ratio (defined as the ratio of the total oscillating mass to the displaced fluid mass) undergoing cross-stream flow-induced vibration (FIV). The study covers a wide parameter space spanning the forcing rotary oscillation frequency ratio $0\leqslant f_{r}^{\ast }\leqslant 4.5$ and the forcing rotation speed ratio $0\leqslant \unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}_{r}^{\ast }\leqslant 2.0$, at reduced velocities associated with the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) upper and lower amplitude response branches. Here, $f_{r}^{\ast }=f_{r}/f_{nw}$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}_{r}^{\ast }=\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}_{o}D/(2U)$, where $f_{r}$ is the forcing rotary oscillation frequency, $f_{nw}$ is the natural frequency of the system in quiescent fluid (water), $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}_{o}$ is the peak angular rotation speed, $D$ is the cylinder diameter and $U$ is the free-stream velocity; the reduced velocity is defined by $U^{\ast }=U/(\,f_{nw}D)$. The fluid–structure system was modelled using a low-friction air-bearing system in conjunction with a free-surface recirculating water channel, with axial rotary motion provided by a microstepping motor. The cylinder was allowed to vibrate with only one degree of freedom transverse to the oncoming free-stream flow. It was found that in specific ranges of $f_{r}^{\ast }$, the body vibration frequency may deviate from that seen in the non-rotating case and lock onto the forcing rotary oscillation frequency or its one-third subharmonic. The former is referred to as the ‘rotary lock-on’ (RLO) region and the latter as the ‘tertiary lock-on’ (TLO) region. Significant increases in the vibration amplitude and suppression of VIV could both be observed in different parts of the RLO and TLO regions. The peak amplitude response in the case of $U^{\ast }=5.5$ (upper branch) was observed to be $1.2D$, an increase of approximately $50\,\%$ over the non-rotating case, while in the case of $U^{\ast }=8.0$ (lower branch), the peak amplitude response was $2.2D$, a remarkable increase of $270\,\%$ over the non-rotating case. Notably, the results showed that the amplitude responses at moderate Reynolds numbers ($Re=UD/\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}=2060$ and $2940$, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}$ is the kinematic viscosity of the fluid) in the present study showed significant differences from those of a previous low-Reynolds-number ($Re=350$) numerical study at similar reduced velocities by Du & Sun (Phys. Fluids, vol. 14 (8), 2015, pp. 2767–2777). Remarkably, in an additional study examining the cylinder vibration as a function of $U^{\ast }$ while the fixed forcing rotary oscillation parameters were kept constant at $(f_{r}^{\ast },\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}_{r}^{\ast })=(1.0,1.0)$, the cylinder experienced substantially larger oscillations than in the non-rotating case, and a rotation-induced galloping response was observed for $U^{\ast }>12$, where the amplitude increased monotonically to reach approximately $3.0D$ at the highest reduced velocity ($U^{\ast }=20$) tested. Furthermore, new wake modes were identified in the RLO and TLO regions using particle image velocimetry measurements at selected points in the $f_{r}^{\ast }-\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}_{r}^{\ast }$ parameter space.
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Sareen, A., J. Zhao, D. Lo Jacono, J. Sheridan, K. Hourigan, and M. C. Thompson. "Vortex-induced vibration of a rotating sphere." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 837 (December 20, 2017): 258–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.847.
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Vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of a sphere represents one of the most generic fundamental fluid–structure interaction problems. Since vortex-induced vibration can lead to structural failure, numerous studies have focused on understanding the underlying principles of VIV and its suppression. This paper reports on an experimental investigation of the effect of imposed axial rotation on the dynamics of vortex-induced vibration of a sphere that is free to oscillate in the cross-flow direction, by employing simultaneous displacement and force measurements. The VIV response was investigated over a wide range of reduced velocities (i.e. velocity normalised by the natural frequency of the system): $3\leqslant U^{\ast }\leqslant 18$, corresponding to a Reynolds number range of $5000<Re<30\,000$, while the rotation ratio, defined as the ratio between the sphere surface and inflow speeds, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}=|\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}|D/(2U)$, was varied in increments over the range of $0\leqslant \unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}\leqslant 7.5$. It is found that the vibration amplitude exhibits a typical inverted bell-shaped variation with reduced velocity, similar to the classic VIV response for a non-rotating sphere but without the higher reduced velocity response tail. The vibration amplitude decreases monotonically and gradually as the imposed transverse rotation rate is increased up to $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}=6$, beyond which the body vibration is significantly reduced. The synchronisation regime, defined as the reduced velocity range where large vibrations close to the natural frequency are observed, also becomes narrower as $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$ is increased, with the peak saturation amplitude observed at progressively lower reduced velocities. In addition, for small rotation rates, the peak amplitude decreases almost linearly with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$. The imposed rotation not only reduces vibration amplitudes, but also makes the body vibrations less periodic. The frequency spectra revealed the occurrence of a broadband spectrum with an increase in the imposed rotation rate. Recurrence analysis of the structural vibration response demonstrated a transition from periodic to chaotic in a modified recurrence map complementing the appearance of broadband spectra at the onset of bifurcation. Despite considerable changes in flow structure, the vortex phase ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}_{vortex}$), defined as the phase between the vortex force and the body displacement, follows the same pattern as for the non-rotating case, with the $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}_{vortex}$ increasing gradually from low values in Mode I of the sphere vibration to almost $180^{\circ }$ as the system undergoes a continuous transition to Mode II of the sphere vibration at higher reduced velocity. The total phase ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}_{total}$), defined as the phase between the transverse lift force and the body displacement, only increases from low values after the peak amplitude response in Mode II has been reached. It reaches its maximum value (${\sim}165^{\circ }$) close to the transition from the Mode II upper plateau to the lower plateau, reminiscent of the behaviour seen for the upper to lower branch transition for cylinder VIV. Hydrogen-bubble visualisations and particle image velocimetry (PIV) performed in the equatorial plane provided further insights into the flow dynamics near the sphere surface. The mean wake is found to be deflected towards the advancing side of the sphere, associated with an increase in the Magnus force. For higher rotation ratios, the near-wake rear recirculation zone is absent and the flow is highly vectored from the retreating side to the advancing side, giving rise to large-scale shedding. For a very high rotation ratio of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}=6$, for which vibrations are found to be suppressed, a one-sided large-scale shedding pattern is observed, similar to the shear-layer instability one-sided shedding observed previously for a rigidly mounted rotating sphere.
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Huang, Xiuchang, Zhiwei Su, Sen Wang, Xinsheng Wei, Yong Wang, and Hongxing Hua. "High-frequency disturbance force suppression mechanism of a flywheel equipped with a flexible dynamic vibration absorber." Journal of Vibration and Control 26, no. 23-24 (2020): 2113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546320915340.
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Flywheels generate speed-related disturbances and induce micro-vibrations that influence the performance of high-sensitivity instruments on board. This study addresses dynamic modeling and disturbance force suppression of the flywheels due to its inherent characteristic structural modes. The disturbance force transmission of a rotating flywheel due to a unit radial force applied at the rim of the wheel body is reported using the three-dimensional finite element method and frequency response function–based substructuring method. The characteristic structural modes for the radial and axial disturbance forces are identified. The axial deformation–dominated flapping mode and the radial deformation–dominated transverse mode will contribute most to the axial and radial disturbance forces, respectively. A flexible ring structure, which is rested on the arms of the wheel body through independent viscoelastic pads and simultaneously in contact with the inner rim of the wheel body by independent resilient cushion members, is proposed to function as a damped dynamic vibration absorber. The modes of the dynamic vibration absorber and the modes of the flywheel equipped with the dynamic vibration absorber are analyzed. It is shown that the dynamic vibration absorber is effective to suppress both the radial and axial disturbance forces at the characteristic structural modes under different rotational speeds, provided that the loss factor of the complex elastic modulus for the viscoelastic pads is larger than 0.2 and the proportional damping constant for the stiffness matrix is larger than 6 Ns/m. Experimental analyses are conducted on a flywheel with a well-designed dynamic vibration absorber to validate the theoretical findings. Modal tests and disturbance force measurements are carried out for the flywheel with/without the dynamic vibration absorber. It is shown that the identified characteristic structural modes will contribute remarkable peaks for the radial and axial disturbance forces. The proposed dynamic vibration absorber is capable to suppress the high-frequency disturbance forces efficiently under different rotational speeds.
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Nakajima, Kunito, Noah Utsumi, Yoshihisa Saito, and Masashi Yoshida. "Deformation Property and Suppression of Ultra-Thin-Walled Rectangular Tube in Rotary Draw Bending." Metals 10, no. 8 (2020): 1074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10081074.
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Recently, miniaturization and weight reduction have become important issues in various industries such as automobile and aerospace. To achieve weight reduction, it is effective to reduce the material thickness. Generally, a secondary forming process such as bending is performed on the tube, and it is applied as a structural member for various products and a member for transmitting electromagnetic waves and fluids. If the wall thickness of this tube can be thinned and the bending technology can be established, it will contribute to further weight reduction. Therefore, in this study, we fabricated an aluminum alloy rectangular tube with a height H0 = 20 mm, width W0 = 10 mm, wall thickness t0 = 0.5 mm (H0/t0 = 40) and investigated the deformation properties in the rotary draw bending. As a result, the deformation in the height direction of the tube was suppressed applying the laminated mandrel. In contrast, it was found that the pear-shaped deformation peculiar to the ultra-thin wall tube occurs. In addition, axial tension and lateral constraint were applied. Furthermore, the widthwise clearance of the mandrel was adjusted to be bumpy. As a result, the pear-shaped deformation was suppressed, and a more accurate cross-section was obtained.
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Teoh, Choe-Yung, and Zaidi MohdRipin. "Dither effect on drum brake squeal." Journal of Vibration and Control 23, no. 7 (2016): 1057–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546315597117.
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This paper describes the dither control system used for suppressing drum brake squeal. The dither force is generated by a piezoceramic actuator installed on the back plate of a drum brake system and successfully quenches the drum brake squeal to background noise level above the critical dither actuation level. The dither is represented as a forcing function in sine waveform in a bi-axial two degrees of freedom mathematical model of drum brake squeal. The model parameters are based on the complex eigenvalue obtained from the mobility measurement and verified with the measured frequency response function. The numerical results show that dither control is more efficient at low sliding speed where lower dither force is needed to quench the brake squeal. Both measured and simulated results show that dither tends to excite the sidebands of the squeal peak with equal frequency spacing at both sides, and these sidebands shift closer to the squeal peak with increase in the dither actuation force.
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Sidharta, Nicholas, and Almanzo Arjuna. "Study on the effect of various burnable poisons on pebble bed reactor with OTTO fuelling schemes using Serpent 2 Monte Carlo code." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 927, no. 1 (2021): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/927/1/012018.
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Abstract Pebble bed reactor with a once-through-then-out fuelling scheme has the advantage of simplifying the refueling system. However, the core upper-level power density is relatively higher than the bottom, producing an asymmetric core axial power distribution. Several burnable poison (BP) configurations are used to flatten the peak power density and improve power distribution while suppressing the excess core reactivity at the beginning of the burnup cycle. This study uses HTR-PM, China’s pebble bed reactor core, to simulate several burnable poison (BP) configurations. Serpent 2 coupled with Octave and a discrete element method simulation is used to model and simulate the pebble bed reactor core. It is found that erbium needs a large volumetric fraction in either QUADRISO or distributed BP to perform well. On the other hand, gadolinium and boron need a smaller volumetric fraction but perform worse in radial power distribution criteria in the fuel sphere. This study aims to verify the effect of BP added fuel pebbles on an OTTO refueling scheme HTR-PM core axial power distribution and excess reactivity.
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Okui, Tsutomu, and Akifumi Yamaji. "PRELIMINARY POWER TRANSIENT ANALYSIS OF THE SUPER FR WITH AXIALLY HETEROGENEOUS CORE." EPJ Web of Conferences 247 (2021): 07002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202124707002.
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The Super FR is one of the SuperCritical Water cooled Reactor (SCWR) concepts with once-through direct cycle plant system. Recently, new design concept of axially heterogeneous core has been proposed, which consists of multiple layers of MOX and blanket fuels. To clarify the safety performance during power transient, safety analyses have been conducted for uncontrolled control rod (CR) withdrawal and CR ejection at full power. RELAP/SCDAPSIM code was used for the safety analysis. The results show that the peak cladding surface temperature (PCST) is high in the upper MOX fuel layer. It is also shown that axial temperature gradient of cladding greatly increases in a short period. Suppressing such large temperature gradient may be a design issue for the axially heterogeneous core from the viewpoint of ensuring fuel integrity.
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Weitzmann, M. Neale, Susanne Roser-Page, Tatyana Vikulina, et al. "Reduced bone formation in males and increased bone resorption in females drive bone loss in hemophilia A mice." Blood Advances 3, no. 3 (2019): 288–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2018027557.
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Abstract Hemophilia A (HA), a rare X-linked recessive genetic disorder caused by insufficient blood clotting factor VIII, leaves affected individuals susceptible to spontaneous and traumatic hemorrhage. Although males generally exhibit severe symptoms, due to variable X inactivation, females can also be severely impacted. Osteoporosis is a disease of the skeleton predisposing patients to fragility fracture, a cause of significant morbidity and mortality and a common comorbidity in HA. Because the causes of osteoporosis in HA are unclear and in humans confounded by other traditional risk factors for bone loss, in this study, we phenotyped the skeletons of F8 total knockout (F8TKO) mice, an animal model of severe HA. We found that trabecular bone accretion in the axial and appendicular skeletons of male F8TKO mice lagged significantly between 2 and 6 months of age, with more modest cortical bone decline. By contrast, in female mice, diminished bone accretion was mostly limited to the cortical compartment. Interestingly, bone loss was associated with a decline in bone formation in male mice but increased bone resorption in female mice, a possible result of sex steroid insufficiency. In conclusion, our studies reveal a sexual dimorphism in the mechanism driving bone loss in male and female F8TKO mice, preventing attainment of peak bone mass and strength. If validated in humans, therapies aimed at promoting bone formation in males but suppressing bone resorption in females may be indicated to facilitate attainment of peak mass in children with HA to reduce the risk for fracture later in life.
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Chen, Shaowen, Zhihua Zhou, Songtao Wang, and Zhongqi Wang. "Numerical investigation of boundary layer suction on certain highly loaded aspirated compressor at low speeds." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 232, no. 1 (2016): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410016670417.
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Boundary layer suction is considered to be an available approach to restraining or even eliminating flow separation and to improve the aerodynamic performance of the compressor. In this paper, a highly loaded axial-flow aspirated compressor based on a low-reaction design concept is investigated in detail to find an appropriate flow control strategy for boundary layer suction to achieve significant performance benefit. The flow control strategy consists mainly of the arrangement of suction hole and the aspirated flow rate. The geometrical models including aspiration cannulas, stator cavity and aspiration channel are novelly applied in this research to approach a real engineering application. Complete compressor maps are predicted by a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulation. The distribution of the typical aerodynamic parameters and the partial flow structures are analysed at design and off-design conditions. Three-dimensional separation near the stall point is effectively suppressed by the aspiration on both hub and shroud, and better performance is achieved by a reasonable increase of aspirated flow rate; a peak efficiency of 0.91 and a total pressure ratio of 1.055 are attained at a total aspirated flow rate of 0.024 kg/s per passage. However, sudden turning of compressor maps at low inlet flow rate occurs without the aspiration on shroud, and a noticeable deterioration in performance occurs with the decreasing of the inlet flow rate. The main reason of performance deterioration is that the flow control efficiency of aspiration is not enough for effectively suppressing three-dimensional separation near the casing corner. The difference in the aspirated flow source is owed to the distinct flow feature at various locations caused by the aspiration efficiency of suction holes. A partial auto-readjustment feature of the suction flow rate with increasing flow separation has been found. The boundary layer suction with an appropriate flow control strategy is necessary for a higher efficiency, highly loaded aspiration compressor.
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Dai, Wei, Baiyang Shi, Jian Yang, Xiang Zhu, and Tianyun Li. "Enhanced suppression of longitudinal vibration transmission in propulsion shaft system using nonlinear tuned mass damper inerter." Journal of Vibration and Control, May 7, 2022, 107754632210811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10775463221081183.
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This study proposes the use of a novel nonlinear tuned mass damper inerter device in vibration suppression of the ship propulsion shafting system and evaluates its performance. The device consists of an axial inerter and a pair of lateral inerters to create geometric nonlinearity. The system response subjected to propeller forces is determined by using the harmonic balance method with alternating-frequency-time technique and a numerical time-marching method. The force transmissibility and energy flow variables are employed to assess the performance of the device. The results show that the proposed device can reduce the peak force and energy transmission to the foundation while increase the energy dissipation within the device. Its use can lead to an improved vibration attenuation effect than the traditional mass-spring-damper device for low-frequency vibration. The configurations of the nonlinear inerter-based device can be adjusted to obtain an anti-peak at a resonance frequency of the original system, providing superior vibration suppression performance.
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Guo, Yanchao, Xiaochen Mao, Lei Wang, and Limin Gao. "Effect of axial slot casing treatment on a counter-rotating axial-flow compressor aerodynamic performance and stability." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering, August 12, 2022, 095441002211190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09544100221119030.
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Counter-rotating axial-flow compressor (CRAC) technology is an important technical way to improve the thrust-to-weight ratio of aero-engines. To explore the stall margin improvement potential of axial slot casing treatment (ASCT) in the CRAC, a two-stage CRAC is selected to investigate the influence of axial position and radial deflection angle of slots on the stabilization capability of ASCT by numerical method. The paper also revealed the stability expansion mechanism of ASCT in the CRAC and the effect of casing treatment on the rotor/rotor interference effect between the front and rear rotors. Results show that the axial position of slots has little effect on stall margin improvement capacity of ASCT but has a great influence on peak efficiency. Increasing the radial deflection angle of slots to further improve the stabilization ability of ASCT is not remarkable, but it is beneficial to decline the efficiency penalty. The suppression of tip leakage flow by slots and the transport of low-energy fluid near the blade tip can delay the occurrence of the stall, and the maximum stall margin is improved by about 10.75%. Besides, the ASCT decreases the unsteady interference effect between the rotors and inhibits the potential flow effect of the downstream blade passage and improves the inlet flow field quality of the rear rotors.
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Rana, Sourabh, and Priyanka Jain. "Design of low-profile high-gain wideband circularly polarized low RCS single-layer metasurface antenna using characteristics mode analysis." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, March 14, 2023, 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078723000144.
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Abstract In this paper, a novel circularly polarized (CP) high-gain low-profile single-layer metasurface (MTS) antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide is presented for wideband low radar cross-section (RCS) applications. Characteristics mode analysis (CMA) technique is employed to simultaneously excite the useful modes rather than using conventional technique to achieve circular polarization in the wideband. By analyzing the characteristics modes of the antenna, gain of the antenna is also improved. Experimental results verify good performance of the proposed antenna with a compact size of 0.67λ0 × 0.67λ0 × 0.040λ0. The measured results of the antenna exhibit UWB impedance bandwidth of 96.93% in the frequency range of 3.7–10.65 GHz and 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of about 41.8% in the frequency range of 5.3–8.1 GHz. The antenna shows a good radiation pattern with a measured peak gain of 7.9 dBic at 7.97 GHz. The proposed antenna achieves out-of-band scattering suppression in the wide range of 10–24 GHz because of MTS structure with peak RCS reduction of 19 dB at 12 GHz. The proposed antenna can be used for c- and x-band applications.
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Petrolo, D., M. Ungarish, L. Chiapponi, V. Ciriello, and S. Longo. "Experimental verification of theoretical approaches for radial gravity currents draining from an edge." Acta Mechanica, September 24, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00707-021-03066-6.
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AbstractWe present an experimental study of inertial gravity currents (GCs) propagating in a cylindrical wedge under different drainage directions (inward/outward), lock-release (full/partial gate width) and geometry (annulus/full cylinder). We investigate the following combinations representative of operational conditions for dam-break flows: (i) inward drainage, annular reservoir, full gate; (ii) outward drainage, full reservoir, full gate; and (iii) outward drainage, full reservoir, partial gate. A single-layer shallow-water (SW) model is used for modelling the first two cases, while a box model interprets the third case; the results of these approximations are referred to as “theoretical”. We performed a first series of experiments with water as ambient fluid and brine as intruding fluid, measuring the time evolution of the volume in the reservoir and the velocity profiles in several sections; in a second series, air was the ambient and water was the intruding fluid. Careful measurements, accompanied by comparisons with the theoretical predictions, were performed for the behaviour of the interface, radial velocity and, most important, the volume decay $${\mathcal {V}}(t)/{\mathcal {V}}(0)$$ V ( t ) / V ( 0 ) . In general, there is good agreement: the theoretical volume decay is more rapid than the measured one, but the discrepancies are a few percent and the agreement improves as the Reynolds number increases. Velocity measurements show a trend correctly reproduced by the SW model, although often a delay is observed and an over- or under-estimation of the peak values. Some experiments were conducted to verify the role of inconsistencies between experimental set-up and model assumptions, considering, for example, the presence or absence of a top lid, wedge angle much less than $$2\pi $$ 2 π , suppression of the viscous corner at the centre, reduction of disturbances in the dynamics of the ambient fluid: all these effects resulted in negligible impacts on the overall error. These experiments provide corroboration to the simple models used for capturing radial drainage flows, and also elucidate some effects (like oscillations of the radial flux) that are beyond the resolution of the models. This holds also for partial width lock-release, where axial symmetry is lost.