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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Average daily gain”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 9 czerwca 2025

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1

Bansal, G. K., Vishnu Kumar, R. K. Nagda, and Renuka Hada. "Factors affecting average daily gain in Sonadi sheep." Indian Journal of Small Ruminants (The) 28, no. 1 (2022): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0973-9718.2022.00020.4.

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Johansen, Markku, Lis Alban, Helle Dodensig Kjærsgård, and Poul Bækbo. "Factors associated with suckling piglet average daily gain." Preventive Veterinary Medicine 63, no. 1-2 (April 2004): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2004.01.011.

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Nagy, I., J. Farkas, P. Gyovai, I. Radnai, and Z. Szendrő. "Stability of estimated breeding values for average daily gain in Pannon White rabbits." Czech Journal of Animal Science 56, No. 8 (August 18, 2011): 365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2398-cjas.

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Stability of estimated breeding values for average daily gain (ADG) between 5 and 10 weeks of age was analysed for 47 242 Pannon White rabbits, reared in 7470 litters and born between 2000 and 2008. The dataset was divided into 5 successive 5-year periods: (1) 2000&ndash;2004, (2) 2001&ndash;2005, (3) 2002&ndash;2006, (4) 2003&ndash;2007, and (5) 2004&ndash;2008. Then, after selecting the appropriate part of the pedigree for these sub-datasets, genetic parameters and breeding values were estimated for ADG using REML and BLUP methods. In the applied models sex, year-month, animal and random litter effects were considered. Estimated heritabilities for all 5 periods from 1 to 5 were moderate and stable (0.28 &plusmn; 0.01, 0.28 &plusmn; 0.02, 0.29 &plusmn; 0.02, 0.27 &plusmn; 0.02, and 0.28 &plusmn; 0.02). Magnitudes of random litter effects were low and stable (0.14 &plusmn; 0.01, 0.15 &plusmn; 0.01, 0.15 &plusmn; 0.01, 0.16 &plusmn; 0.01, and 0.16 &plusmn; 0.01). After breeding value estimation the dataset of period 5 was merged pair-wise with the other periods 4, 3, 2 and 1 using an inner join. Thus only the common records of the datasets representing the periods 5-4, 5-3, 5-2, and 5-1 were included in the merged datasets. In these merged datasets each rabbit had two breeding values for ADG based on two different periods. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were calculated between the breeding values based on the dataset of period 5 and the other periods. With the successive years the rank correlation coefficients decreased (0.989, 0.979, 0.965 and 0.924). The correlation coefficients between ranks remained moderately high, even when the proportion of the common rabbits in the merged datasets was low. However, a reasonable re-ranking occurred among the top animals. Rank correlations for the top 100 and 1000 animals varied from 0.41 to 0.55 and from 0.37 to 0.54, respectively, which could influence selection efficiency if the rolling base were used for genetic evaluation.

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Mark, D. R., and Ted C. Schroeder. "Effects of weather on average daily gain and profitability." Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.1748.

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Gholizadeh, Mohsen, and Farhad Ghafouri-Kesbi. "Genetic analysis of average daily gain in Baluchi sheep." Meta Gene 13 (September 2017): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mgene.2017.05.009.

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Shivley, C. B., N. J. Urie, and J. E. Lombard. "1227 Factors associated with average daily gain in dairy heifer calves on U.S. dairy operations." Journal of Animal Science 94, suppl_5 (October 1, 2016): 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jam2016-1227.

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Mallick, P. K., I. S. Chauhan, G. R. Gowane, P. Thirumurgan, G. Murali, and Arun Kumar. "Average daily gain and kleiber ratio in Bharat merino sheep." Indian Journal of Small Ruminants (The) 25, no. 2 (2019): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0973-9718.2019.00049.7.

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Flohr, J. R., S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, and R. D. Goodband. "Development of equations to predict the influence of floor space on average daily gain, average daily feed intake and gain : feed ratio of finishing pigs." Animal 12, no. 5 (2018): 1022–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1751731117002440.

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Uskenov, Rashit, Togzhan Yengsebek, Zhumagazy Kurzhykaev, Saule Bostanova, and Bakytzhan Akkair. "The relationship between dry matter intake and the average daily gain." BIO Web of Conferences 85 (2024): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248501006.

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The productivity of animals is closely related to the quality of the diet and of dry matter intake. Dry matter intake (DMI) is a factor that needs to be assessed before an animal’s diet can be calculated correctly. Purebred bulls of the Kazakh white-headed breed in the amount of 70 heads of 7-8 months of age were selected for the experiment. By the end of the test, the bulls were about 11-12 months old. The average weight of the bulls when put to the test was 248.47 ± 2.46 kg, at the end of the test their average weight was 319.7 ± 3.44 kg. It is worth noting that the largest average daily increase was 2.46 ± 0.05 kg, which was in a bull that consumed 6.26 kg of dry matter per day, while the lowest average daily increase was 0.36 ± 0.05 kg, which was in a bull that consumed 5.67 kg of dry matter.

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10

Green, T. C., J. G. Jago, K. A. Macdonald, and G. C. Waghorn. "Relationships between residual feed intake, average daily gain, and feeding behavior in growing dairy heifers." Journal of Dairy Science 96, no. 5 (May 2013): 3098–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2012-6087.

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Lee, Woongsup, Kang-Hwi Han, Hyeon Tae Kim, Heechul Choi, Younghwa Ham, and Tae-Won Ban. "Prediction of average daily gain of swine based on machine learning." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 36, no. 2 (March 16, 2019): 923–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-169869.

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Lim, Jin-A., Jihye Cha, and Dahye Kim. "Study of gut microbiota changes with average daily gain in piglets." Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society 24, no. 10 (October 31, 2023): 762–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2023.24.10.762.

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Flohr, J. R., J. C. Woodworth, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. M. DeRouchey, and R. D. Goodband. "015 Development of equations to predict the influence of floor space on average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and gain-to-feed ratio of finishing pigs." Journal of Animal Science 94, suppl_2 (April 1, 2016): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/msasas2016-015.

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14

Gu, Mingjuan, Hongyu Jiang, Fengying Ma, Shuai Li, Yaqiang Guo, Lin Zhu, Caixia Shi, Risu Na, Yu Wang, and Wenguang Zhang. "Multi-Omics Analysis Revealed the Molecular Mechanisms Affecting Average Daily Gain in Cattle." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 5 (March 6, 2025): 2343. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26052343.

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The average daily gain (ADG) is a critical index for evaluating growth rates in cattle and is closely linked to the economic benefits of the cattle industry. Heredity is one of the factors affecting the daily gain of cattle. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating ADG remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to systematically unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying the divergence in ADG between high average daily gain (HADG) and low average daily gain (LADG) Angus cattle through integrated multi-omics analyses (microbiome, metabolome, and transcriptome), hypothesizing that the gut microbiota–host gene–metabolism axis is a key regulatory network driving ADG divergence. Thirty Angus cattle were classified according to their HADG and LADG. Fecal and serum samples were collected for 16S, fecal metabolome, and blood transcriptome analysis. The results showed that compared with the LADG group, the abundance of Firmicutes increased in the HADG group, while the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria decreased. Metabolomics and transcriptomic analysis revealed that KEGG pathways associated with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs) were enriched in bile acid metabolism. Spearman correlation analysis showed that Oscillospira was positively correlated with ZBTB20 and negatively correlated with RADIL. ZBTB20 was negatively correlated with dgA-11_gut_group. This study analyzed the regulatory mechanism of average daily gain of beef cattle from genetic, metabolic, and microbial levels, providing a theoretical basis for analyzing the mechanism of differential daily gain of beef cattle, and has important significance for improving the production performance of beef cattle. The multi-omics network provides biomarker foundations for machine learning-based ADG prediction models, offering potential applications in precision breeding. While these biomarkers show promise for precision breeding, their causal roles require further validation. The conclusions are derived from a single breed (Angus) and gender (castrated males). Future studies should include females and diverse breeds to assess generalizability.

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Fortney, Daytona, Emiline R. Sundman, Nicholas K. Gabler, Suzanne T. Millman, and Anna K. Johnson. "PSII-3 Effect of environmental enrichment on pig average daily feed intake and average daily gain in the early nursery phase." Journal of Animal Science 102, Supplement_3 (September 1, 2024): 437–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.495.

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Abstract Transition from the sow to nursery is a stressful time for pigs and commonly leads to negative impacts on pig health, welfare, and lifetime performance. The objective of this study was to determine if the addition of a biologically relevant enrichment device affected average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) during the first 2 wk of nursery. A total of 160 mixed-sex pigs (Camborough 1050 X 337, PIC), 19 to 24 d of age [body weight (BW) = 5.77 SD 0.97 kg], were randomly allocated to pens at the Iowa State University Swine Nutrition Farm. Each pen contained 10 pigs (~0.29 m2/pig). Each pen was randomly assigned to one of two treatments: 1) enrichment device with no attractant (positive treatment; n = 8), or 2) no enrichment device (negative treatment; n = 8). Each positive treatment pen had two enrichment devices, consisting of one cotton rope and two biscuits, suspended from the feeder at pig height. The biscuits were replaced daily at about 0800 h throughout wk 1 in nursery (d 0 to d 6). In wk 2 (d 7 to d 13) no pens had an enrichment device. Each pen was equipped with a 4-hole, dry self-feeder measuring 0.61 m long and two affixed nipple drinkers. The feeder was weighed daily, and the pigs weighed weekly. Changes in daily feeder weight and weekly pig BW were used to calculate average daily feed intake (ADFI) and average daily gain (ADG). Pen was the experimental unit. Data were analyzed using the PROC Mixed procedure of SAS. The model included treatment, week, and treatment by week interaction. A P-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered significantly different. There was an observed difference in ADFI and ADG between wk (P ≤ 0.001, Table 1). However, there were no observed differences in ADFI or ADG for treatment (P ≤ 0.79) or treatment by week interaction (P ≤ 0.93). In conclusion, the addition of this biologically relevant enrichment did not improve or impair ADFI and ADG during the first 2 wk of the nursery phase.

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Goehring, Devin, Katherine A. McCormick, Julie Mahoney, and Rodney Hinson. "205 Dietary Strategies to Limit Average Daily Gain of Late Finishing Pigs." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab054.107.

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Abstract A total of 2,164 pigs [DNA610 x DNA241; initially 100.7 ± 2.14 kg body weight (BW)] were used in a 54.1 ± 3.85-day study to determine dietary strategies to limit average daily gain (ADG) in late finishing pigs raised in a commercial environment. Mixed-sex pens (20.0 ± 0.85 pigs/pen) balanced by initial BW and gender ratio were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments fed ad libitum with 27 replications each: (1) Nutritionally replete corn soybean-meal control (CTRL), (2) Treatment 1 with 21% reduced lysine and other amino acids (AAR), (3) Corn/vitamin/mineral diet (CVM), and (4) Treatment 3 fed for 21 days then switched to CTRL. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design using a linear mixed model. Relative to CTRL, feeding AAR or CVM for 21 days reduced ADG (P &lt; 0.001), average daily feed intake (ADFI; P = 0.005), and gain-to-feed (G:F, P &lt; 0.001). Over 55-days, AAR and CVM diets reduced (P &lt; 0.001) cumulative ADG, ADFI, G:F, and final BW compared to CTRL. Transitioning to CTRL diet from CVM diet after 21-days increased ADG (P &lt; 0.001) and improved G:F (P &lt; 0.001) from day 21 to marketing compared to 55-day CTRL, AAR, and CVM; nevertheless, the compensatory CTRL period was insufficient for the 21-day CVM fed pigs to fully compensate resulting in reduced cumulative BW, ADG (P &lt; 0.001) and poorer G:F (P &lt; 0.001) than the 55-day CTRL. All holding strategies decreased (P &lt; 0.001) carcass yield, hot carcass weight (HCW), and loin depth compared to CTRL. Utilizing a CVM diet for 21 or 55 days increased (P &lt; 0.001) backfat compared to CTRL or AAR. In summary, utilizing lysine deficient or corn/vitamin/mineral diets can limit ADG along with poorer G:F. Transitioning to a non-holding diet after feeding a corn/vitamin/mineral diet for 21-days resulted in compensatory gain, but reductions in growth performance and carcass traits remained evident.

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Bangar, Y. C., V. S. Lawar, C. A. Nimbalkar, O. V. Shinde, and R. G. Nimase. "Heritability estimates for average daily gain and kleiber ratio in deccani sheep." Indian Journal of Small Ruminants (The) 24, no. 1 (2018): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0973-9718.2018.00005.3.

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Muralidharan, J., A. K. Thiruvenkadan, R. Rajendran, L. Arun, and V. Sankar. "Genetic parameters of average daily gain and kleiber ratio in mecheri sheep." Indian Journal of Small Ruminants (The) 28, no. 2 (2022): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0973-9718.2022.00073.3.

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Rodríguez-Estévez, Vicente, Manuel Sánchez-Rodríguez, Antón R. García, and A. Gustavo Gómez-Castro. "Average daily weight gain of Iberian fattening pigs when grazing natural resources." Livestock Science 137, no. 1-3 (May 2011): 292–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2010.11.015.

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Aktar, S., AKFH Bhuiyan, NG Saha, and MA Hoque. "Effect of bull performance on progeny early growth and genetic relationships between bull and progeny traits." Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science 40, no. 1-2 (May 20, 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v40i1-2.10620.

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Records on four bulls and 96 of their progeny born from 2005 to 2011 with pedigree information were used to estimate the impact of bull performance on progeny early growth and the genetic relationships between traits of bull and their progeny. Traits included in this study were metabolic body weight, feed intake and residual feed intake (RFI) for bull performance and birth weight and average daily gain for progeny performance. The variance and covariance components were estimated by the REML method with the VCE computer program. The metabolic body weight of breeding bulls ranged from 92.88±1.22 to 106.05±2.28 kg. The average daily feed intake of breeding bulls differed significantly (p<0.05). The RFI of breeding bulls were ranged from -0.57±0.07 to 0.54±0.06 kg/day. It has been found that the RFI values of two bulls were negative and the other two bulls were positive. The mean values for birth weight of calves produced from different breeding bulls ranged from 16.15±2.01 to 17.71±1.89 kg. Effects of breeding bulls on birth weight and average daily gain of male calves were highly significant (p<0.01). Mean values for birth weight and average daily gain of female calves were affected also significantly (p<0.05) among breeding bulls. Estimated heritability for birth weight was moderate (0.30) and for average daily gain was low (0.26). The genetic correlation between metabolic body weight of bulls and birth weight of their progeny was strong (rg=0.52), whereas feed intake of bulls with birth weight and average daily gain of their progeny were moderate (0.43±0.21 and 0.40±0.23, respectively). Low but favorable negative genetic correlation (rg=-0.10) was observed between RFI of bulls with average daily gain of their progeny. Estimated moderate heritability indicated that variation exist on average daily gain of calves. The negative genetic correlation between RFI of bulls and average daily gain of their progeny indicated that it was possible to improve simultaneously RFI of breeding bulls and daily gain of their progeny. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v40i1-2.10620 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2011. 40 (1-2): 1-7

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Ugwuowo, L. C., and N. H. Anyaokei. "Tolerance of African giant land snails (Archachatina marginata) to varying levels of table Salt." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 47, no. 4 (December 17, 2020): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v47i4.106.

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An experiment was conducted to determine the growth response of African giant land snail Archachatina marginata fed diets containing different levels of sodium chloride. One hundred and twenty snails were subjected to four dietary treatments of T1, T2, T3 and T4 with 0%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 0.75% sodium chloride respectively. The treatments were replicated thrice with 10 snails per replicate. The measured parameters included weight gain, feed intake, shell length, shell circumference and shell thickness. Feed cost, cost of feed per kg weight gain and feed conversion ratio were also calculated. Results showed that there were significant differences (p < 0.05) in average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, feed cost and shell thickness but there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in cost of feed per kg weight gain, shell length and shell circumference in the snails fed the treatment diets. Treatment 2 had the highest average daily weight gain (0.07±0.01), average daily feed intake (0.91±0.08) and feed cost (7.19±0.64) but the lowest feed conversion ratio (13.15±61.76) while treatment 1 had the lowest average daily weight gain (0.04±0.01), average daily feed intake (0.70±0.20) and feed cost (5.54±0.18) but the highest feed conversion ratio (15.86±0.5). This shows that inclusion of sodium chloride above 0.25% in the diet of Archachatina marginata affects both the feed intake and weight gain of the snails.

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Nguyen, Nguyen Hong, Cam P. McPhee, Claire M. Wade, and Brian G. Luxford. "Genetic parameters and predicted response to selection for lean growth in an Australian commercial nucleus pig herd." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 51, no. 7 (2000): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar99127.

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Genetic parameters for performance traits in a pig population were estimated using a multi-trait derivative-free REML algorithm. The 2590 total data included 922 restrictively fed male and 1668 ad libitum fed female records. Estimates of heritability (standard error in parentheses) were 0.25 (0.03), 0.15 (0.03), and 0.30 (0.05) for lifetime daily gain, test daily gain, and P2-fat depth in males, respectively; and 0.27 (0.04) and 0.38 (0.05) for average daily gain and P2-fat depth in females, respectively. The genetic correlation between P2-fat depth and test daily gain in males was –0.17 (0.06) and between P2-fat and lifetime average daily gain in females 0.44 (0.09). Genetic correlations between sexes were 0.71 (0.11) for average daily gain and –0.30 (0.10) for P2-fat depth. Genetic response per standard deviation of selection on an index combining all traits was predicted at $AU120 per sow per year. Responses in daily gain and backfat were expected to be higher when using only male selection than when using only female selection. Selection for growth rate in males will improve growth rate and carcass leanness simultaneously.

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Nagy, I., P. Gyovai, I. Radnai, H. Nagyné Kiszlinger, J. Farkas, and Z. Szendrő. "Genetic parameters, genetic trends and inbreeding depression of growth and carcass traits in Pannon terminal line rabbits." Archives Animal Breeding 56, no. 1 (October 10, 2013): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.7482/0003-9438-56-018.

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Abstract. Genetic parameters, inbreeding depression and genetic trends were estimated for average daily gain between the ages of 5-10 weeks and thigh muscle volume (measured in vivo with computerized tomography) in a group of 22 098 Pannon terminal line rabbits born between 2006 and 2011 and reared in 3 396 litters. The data sets were analysed with bi-variate animal models taking pedigree completeness (complete generation equivalent) into account. By 2011, all rabbits were inbred and the average inbreeding coefficient and complete generation equivalent of the population were 7.69 % and 11.89 %, respectively. Estimated heritability was moderate both for average daily gain (0.23±0.02) and thigh muscle volume (0.25±0.03). Litter effects were low for both traits (0.16±0.00 and 0.09±0.01 respectively). The genetic correlation coefficient estimate between average daily gain and thigh muscle volume was also low (0.02±0.08). Significant inbreeding depression (per 10 % inbreeding) was only detected for average daily gain (0.57 g/d). The estimated annual selection response was substantial both for average daily gain and thigh muscle volume (1.49 g/d and 5.84 cm3, respectively), proving the efficiency of the breeding programme.

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Haque, MM, MA Hoque, NG Saha, AKFH Bhuiyan, MM Hossain, and MA Hossain. "Selection of Brahman crossbred-breeding bulls based on phenotypic performance." Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science 41, no. 2 (March 9, 2013): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v41i2.14101.

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A beef breed development project was carried out in the Department of Livestock Services (DLS) in 2009 in selected areas of Bangladesh. Under this project, semen of Brahman bulls were imported from the USA and used to inseminate indigenous cows to produce graded calves. The present study was undertaken to select graded Brahman bulls of the aforesaid project for breeding purpose. Using the data of Brahman grade-1 population, 4 (four) bulls were selected based on external appearance, phenotypic performance and libido. Records on 233 Brahman grade-1 calves (127 male and 106 female) were analyzed by SAS computer program. Birth weight, yearling weight and average daily gain were estimated by considering sex and area groups. The birth weight was found to be 22.25±5.60 Kg for male and 20.33±3.88 Kg for female calves (average 21.38±4.98 Kg). The yearling weight of male and female calves was found to be 222.07±73.21 and 191.76±69.04 Kg, respectively. Highest yearling weight and average daily gain were found in Charghat (401.11±39.75 kg and 1034.82±107.90 g, respectively) while lowest values were in Thakurgaon area (152.69±52.74 Kg 369.42±141.94 g, respectively). The average daily gain male and female calves were 547.42±193.7 and 470.34±184.52 g, respectively. Area and sex had highly significant (p<0.001) effects on birth weight, yearling weight and average daily gain of calves. The average daily gain of four selected graded Brahman bull calves was 731 g. The estimated selection differential and selection intensity for average daily gain of the four bulls were 183.53 g and 2.263, respectively. The growth performance along with estimated selection intensity and selection differential for average daily gain indicated that these selected graded Brahman breeding bulls may generate a good opportunity to improve indigenous cattle for beef purposes.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v41i2.14101Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2012. 41 (2): 60-66

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Walker, Matthew, Nathan Blake, K. E. ArunKumar, Domingo Mata-Padrino, Ida Holaskova, and Matthew E. Wilson. "PSX-23 Use of time series data in the prediction of beef cattle dry matter intake using machine learning." Journal of Animal Science 102, Supplement_3 (September 1, 2024): 749–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.846.

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Abstract Improvements in technology that facilitate the estimation of individual animal dry matter intake (DMI) in any setting, whether in confinement or on pasture, will improve beef cattleproduction and management. Big Data approaches could further enhance DMI estimation. In this work, we improved upon our predictive models by developing variable time series features and forgoing the use of full-test Average Daily Gain, a variable that provides unwanted intake information during model training, in DMI prediction. We implemented the improved time series analysis techniques of first differences, moving averages, and seasonal decomposition to create new predictive variables from daily-level data. These new variables were used in k-fold cross-validation to improve the variable selection process and prediction accuracy of the Random Forests Regression (RFR) and Repeated Measures Random Forests (RMRF) models. Reduced models for the RFR and RMRF algorithms were identified, assessed, and compared with estimated DMI calculated using the current NASEM equation for estimation of beef cattle DMI. Data on feed intake, animal weights, and climate conditions were collected from 25 November2019 to 20 February 2020 for bulls and from 19 March 2020 to 7 May 2020 for steers. Feed intakes were recorded using Vytelle Feed Intake Nodes. Animal body weights (BW) and water intakes were measured daily using Vytelle In-Pen-Weighing Positions and metered waterers. Climate data included information on temperature, humidity, precipitation, and wind speed and were recorded at 30-min intervals. We found that seasonally-adjusted and moving averaged features generally outperformed first difference features. The baseline models presented here performed similarly to our previous models, despite using ‘Average Daily Gain to Date’ rather than the ‘Full Test Average Daily Gain’. The range of R2 was 0.44 to 0.69 and the range of RMSE was 0.95 to1.67 kg. Additionally, use of Average Daily Gain to Date in place of full-test Average Daily Gain improves the field deployability of our models. Lastly, while the demonstrated models can both over- or under- predict daily DMI, both RFR and RMRF showed more accurate predictive ability than the current NASEM equation. This study further demonstrates the potential of RFR and RMRF models DMI prediction of beef cattle. Future research will focus on including a wider range of cattle breeds, climatic conditions, and geographic locations, as well as assessment of suitability of RFR and RMRF for DMI prediction of cattle on pasture.

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Reshetnikova, A. D., and E. S. Klimova. "Influence of intestinal coccidiosis on weight gain of young cattle." Russian Journal of Parasitology 17, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/1998-8435-2023-17-1-99-104.

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The purpose of the research is to study the effect of coccidiosis infection (cryptosporidiosis, eimeriosis) on the average daily gains in live weight of young cattle.Materials and methods. The studies were carried out on animals spontaneously infected with Eimeria spp. And Cryptosporidium spp. According to the principle of analogues, 4 groups of animals were formed, 10 heads each. In the first experiment, the average daily weight gain of 1-20-day-old animals infected with Cryptosporidium (1st experimental group) and clinically healthy calves (1st control group) was compared. For the second experiment, calves at the age of 2-4 months, infected with Eimeria spp. (2nd), were selected, young animals free from infection were selected in the second control group.Results and discussion. In calves infected with Cryptosporidium spp., the average daily gains ranged from 0.597±0.017 to 0.675±0.018 kg. The decrease in growth per day relative to the animals of the control group was, on average, 0.346 kg. The maximum loss of weight gain, 11.0±0.88 kg, was recorded in November. A similar dynamic of the decrease in average daily weight gain was established in animals at eimeriosis. During the research period, the shortfall in live weight of calves infected with Eimeria spp. was 21.5±2.6 kg, which is 12.3 kg less relative to the mass of calves infected with Cryptosporidium spp. Sharp fluctuations in the reduction of average daily weight gain in this group were not recorded: on average, 0.248±0.113 kg relative to the control group. Thus, the reason for the lack of live weight gain (up to 40 %) in calves in the farm of the Uvinsky district of the Udmurt Republic is intestinal coccidiosis. The minimum indicator of the average daily gain in live weight (0.597±0.017 kg) falls on the group of calves infected with cryptosporidiosis, which is almost 2 times less relative to the gain of animals from the control group.

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Widharto, Damaryanto, and Gebby Citra Vastu Gumilar. "Substitusi Pakan Komersial dengan Ampas Kecap Ekstrusi dan Ampas Kecap Fermentasi terhadap Performans Ayam Pedaging." Jurnal Pengembangan Penyuluhan Pertanian 17, no. 31 (November 9, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.36626/jppp.v17i31.414.

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The research was conducted to know influence of extruded and fermented soybean pulp in commercial feed in feed consumption, average daily gain and feed conversion. The research use 60 day old chick of broilers which were devided into 4 treatments, that is 1) were given commercial feed without substitution of extruded and fermented soybean pulp (T-0), 2) were given commercial feed with substitution of extruded soybean pulp as much as 5% (T-1), and 3) were given commercial feed with substitution of fermented soybean pulp as much as 5% (T-2). The variables observed feed consumption, average daily gain, and feed coversion. The result showed highly significant for feed consumption (P ≤ 0,01) but non significant for average daily gain and feed conversion (P ≥ 0,05) . Feed consumption is 128.08 (T-0), 106.23 (T-1), 58.77 (T-2), and 109.73 g/head/day (T-3); average daily gain is 51.95 (T-0), 46.90 (T-1), and 47.32 (T-2); feed conversion 2.51 (T-0), 2.27 (T-1), and 2.32 (T-2). Research conclusion is substtution of extruded and fermented soybean pulp in ration not yet to improve average daily gain and feed conversion, but can pressure of feed consumption.

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Sari, Anggun Permata, Tri Eko Susilorini, Mashudi Mashudi, and Kuswati Kuswati. "Performance of Male Limousine Crossbreed Cattle by Giving RD Flour at Different Levels." Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan 32, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 130–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jiip.2022.032.01.13.

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The study aimed to evaluate the production performance of male Limousine Crossbreed cattle with different feed levels with the addition of RD flour. It used nine male Limousine crossbreed cattle, aged <1-3 years, with an average initial weight of 335±29,09kg. The method used is an experimental method using CRD with 3x3: T0= Ad libitum corn straw + concentrate without RD powder, T1= Ad libitum corn straw + concentrate containing 7,5% RD, T2= Ad libitum corn straw + concentrate containing 15% RD flour. The variables measured included Daily gain, Average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, and Income over feed cost. Data were analyzed by ANCOVA. Cattle were fed for eight weeks from (March 26 to June 8, 2021), in the Livestock Group of Kucur Village, Dau District, Malang Regency. The result showed that using feed with the addition of RD at different levels of male Limousine crossbreed cattle had a significant effect on FCR (P>0,05) and on Daily gain, Average daily gain, and IOFC (P<0,01) had a different significant effect. This study concluded that the treatment of T1 feed (7.5% "RD" flour) showed the best results for Daily gain (70,67±5,43 kg), Average daily gain (1.26±0.09 kg), FCR (5.85±0.19),, IOFC Rp. 36586.50.

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Amao, Emmanuel Ayodele, Ayodele Olajire Oladipo, and Olujide Adedamola Sokunbi. "Testicular Characteristics and Daily Sperm Production of Rabbit Bucks Fed Diets Containing Neem (Azadirachta Indica A. Juss) Rind Meal." Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences 3, no. 8 (August 26, 2013): 623–27. https://doi.org/10.15580/GJAS.2013.8.040213554.

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Forty mixed breed pre – pubertal male rabbits were used to determine the effect of treated (24 hours soaked and 48 hours soaked in water) and untreated neem rind as inclusion at 10% in rabbits diet on performance (final weight gain, average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake and feed to gain ratio), reproductive characteristics and daily sperm production. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance. Significant (p<0.05) reduction was observed for testes weight, paired testes weight, relative testes weight, testes volume, testes density and daily sperm production from bucks both treated and untreated neem rind when compared to those on the control diet. Soaking neem rind in water up to 48hours appears not to reduce its anti-nutritional and anti-fertility principles.

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Arias, Rodrigo, Cristobal Santa-Cruz, and Alejandro Velásquez. "Effect of High Potency Growth Implants on Average Daily Gain of Grass-Fattened Steers." Animals 9, no. 9 (August 21, 2019): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9090587.

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High potency growth promoter implants (HGPs) are widely used under feedlot conditions but there are few reports under grazing conditions. The study’s goal was to assess the effect of HGPs on the average daily gain of steers fattened in pastures. A total of 57 crossbreed steers (Hereford × Angus)—initial body weight = 356.65 kg ± 5.04 (SEM)—were randomly allocated to one of three groups: Control without HGP (n = 19), Synovex group (n = 17), and Revalor group (n = 21). The fattening period was 67 days using paddocks of Lolium perenne L. and Trifolium repens L. Body weight was recorded three times in the period. The data were analyzed using an analysis of covariance with a level of significance of 5%. The average daily gain (ADG) (1.55 ± 0.07 and 1.48 ± 0.09 kg/d) and the total weight gain (103.4 ± 4.9 and 99.2 ± 5.8 kg) were similar for Revalor and Synovex, respectively (p > 0.05). Moreover, HGP groups showed higher ADG and total weight gain (p < 0.01) than the control group (ADG = 0.93 ± 0.08 kg/d and a total weight gain of 62.2 ± 5.2 kg). Final body weights were 527.8 ± 8.5 kg and 512.2 ± 9.9 kg for Revalor and Synovex, respectively; and 479.9 ± 10.1 kg for Control. In conclusion, grazing-finished steers showed better performance when high potency HGPs were used, improving the ADG and final live body weight, generating a marginal income that justifies the use of the technology under grazing conditions

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Ogunade, Ibukun, Adeoye Oyebade, Bremansu Osa-Andrews, and Sunday Peters. "Plasma Carboxyl-Metabolome Is Associated with Average Daily Gain Divergence in Beef Steers." Animals 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11010067.

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We applied an untargeted metabolomics technique to analyze the plasma carboxyl-metabolome of beef steers with divergent average daily gain (ADG). Forty-eight newly weaned Angus crossbred beef steers were fed the same total mixed ration ad libitum for 42 days. On day 42, the steers were divided into two groups of lowest (LF: n = 8) and highest ADG (HF: n = 8), and blood samples were obtained from the two groups for plasma preparation. Relative quantification of carboxylic-acid-containing metabolites in the plasma samples was determined using a metabolomics technique based on chemical isotope labeling liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Metabolites that differed (fold change (FC) ≥ 1.2 or ≤ 0.83 and FDR ≤ 0.05) between LF and HF were identified using a volcano plot. Metabolite set enrichment analysis (MSEA) of the differential metabolites was done to determine the metabolic pathways or enzymes that were potentially altered. In total, 328 metabolites were identified. Volcano plot analysis revealed 43 differentially abundant metabolites; several short chain fatty acids and ketone bodies had greater abundance in HF steers. Conversely, several long chain fatty acids were greater in LF steers. Five enzymatic pathways, such as fatty acyl CoA elongation and fatty-acid CoA ligase were altered based on MSEA. This study demonstrated that beef steers with divergent ADG had altered plasma carboxyl-metabolome, which is possibly caused by altered abundances and/or activities of enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis in the liver.

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Dass, Gopal, Saket Bhusan, Vinay Chaturvedi, M. S. Dige, and P. K. Rout. "Factors affecting post-weaning average daily gain and kleiber ratio in Muzaffarnagari sheep." Indian Journal of Small Ruminants (The) 25, no. 2 (2019): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0973-9718.2019.00052.7.

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Fontanesi, L., G. Schiavo, G. Galimberti, D. G. Calò, and V. Russo. "A genomewide association study for average daily gain in Italian Large White pigs1." Journal of Animal Science 92, no. 4 (April 1, 2014): 1385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2013-7059.

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Hands, M. L., T. T. Marston, L. R. Corah, Christopher D. Reinhardt, and Justin W. Waggoner. "Relationships between feedlot health, average daily gain, and carcass traits of Angus steers." Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.1405.

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Yusuf, Mustapha, Marc L. Bauer, Kendall C. Swanson, and Lauren L. Hulsman Hanna. "343 The Influence of Weather Variables on Average Daily Gain of Beef Steers." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_3 (October 8, 2021): 190–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.344.

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Abstract Average daily gain is one of the most important measures producers utilize to measure productivity of beef cattle. The objective was to examine how weather variables influence ADG. Data from 790 beef steers collected using an Insentec feeding system were utilized for this study. Intake data were condensed from daily data into weekly averages (n = 13,739 steer-weeks). The variables considered were ADG (-3.0 to 4.86 kg/d), DMI (2.50 to 21.77kg/d), BW (197.3 to 796.1 kg), dietary energy density (NEm; 1.2 to 2.5 Mcal/kg), average ambient temperature (-23.7 to 21.4 °C), range of temperature (2.8 to 19.4 °C), dew point (-27.8 to 14.3 °C), wind speed (2.08 to 6.49 km/h), solar radiation (30.8 to 297.1 W/m2), and two weeks lag (average of previous two weeks values) and monthly lag (average of previous four weeks values) of each weather variable. Relationship between weather variables were considered while developing the model, including controlling for confounding variables. Residuals of ADG generated after fitting week of year as a fixed effect were used in scatter plots with explanatory variables to identify if non-linear relationships existed. The MIXED procedure of SAS was used to assess the fit and regression parameters of explanatory variables as fixed covariates. Repeated measures were handled using the REPEATED statement and within-individual relationship was accounted for using the Toeplitz covariance structure. Body weight and energy density had linear and quadratic relationships with ADG (Table 1). Two weeks lag of wind speed and monthly lag of solar radiation had positive and negative associations with ADG, respectively, and there were several interactions between weather variables. These data indicate that weather variables influence ADG and should be considered in ADG prediction equations.

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Park, Byoungho, Taejeong Choi, Jae Gwan Choi, Yun Ho Choy, Kwang Hyun Cho, Seung Soo Lee, Sidong Kim, et al. "Estimation of Genetic Parameters for Average Daily Gain and Carcass Traits of Hanwoo." Journal of Animal Science and Technology 54, no. 5 (October 31, 2012): 317–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5187/jast.2012.54.5.317.

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Chen, C. Y., S. D. Kachman, R. K. Johnson, S. Newman, and L. D. Van Vleck. "Estimation of genetic parameters for average daily gain using models with competition effects." Journal of Animal Science 86, no. 10 (October 1, 2008): 2525–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2007-0660.

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Lim, Jin-A., Nam-Young Kim, Soyoung Choi, Haesu Ko, and Dahye Kim. "Changes in Gut Microbial Composition According to Average daily gain of Nursing Piglets." Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society 25, no. 12 (December 31, 2024): 71–78. https://doi.org/10.5762/kais.2024.12.25.12.71.

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Lim, Jin-A., Nam-Young Kim, Soyoung Choi, Haesu Ko, and Dahye Kim. "Changes in Gut Microbial Composition According to Average daily gain of Nursing Piglets." Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society 25, no. 12 (December 31, 2024): 71–78. https://doi.org/10.5762/kais.2024.25.12.71.

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Tulinova, O., and F. Yakimov. "Influence of average daily gain of heifers on the age of first insemination." Genetics and breeding of animals, no. 2 (November 6, 2024): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2024-2-60-66.

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The purpose of this study is to establish the influence of average daily gain (ADG) of heifers at different periods of their development on the age of 1st insemination (A1ins) at 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 months and older and milk yield of first-calving cows for 305 days of lactation according to a sample (n=1289) formed from the Seleсs database of one of the breeding plants in the Leningrad region for breeding the Ayrshire breed of dairy cattle. On average for the sample, the correlation coefficient of milk yield with A1ins indicates a negative relationship between these two characteristics (-0.218), a positive correlation of milk yield with live weight of 1st insemination LW1ins (+0.101) with a negative connection with ADG (-0.110). It was revealed that in all age groups of heifers there is a decrease in ADG at the age of 2 months, and the intensity of further development of heifers depends on ADG at the age of 3, 4, 5 months, at a level of over 800 g, contributes to the achievement of A1ins from 12 to 14 months. At the same time ADG at the age of 9—12 months should be at least 800 g. However, even with ADG 800—900 g at the age of 3—5 months, but when these indicators decrease at 9—12 months below 800 g, A1ins increases to 15—16 months. Low ADG at the age of 3—5 months and at the level of 600 - 700 g at the age of 9—12 months increases A1ins to 17 months and older. Thus, for an earlier A1ins and a high level of productivity in the 1st lactation, one should pay attention to the development of heifers at the age of 3—5 months, maintaining the ADG at a high level (more than 800 g) and avoid low weight gain at 9—12 months (less than 800 g).

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Reinhardt, C. D., M. L. Hands, T. T. Marston, J. W. Waggoner, and L. R. Corah. "Relationships between feedlot health, average daily gain, and carcass traits of Angus steers1." Professional Animal Scientist 28, no. 1 (February 2012): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15232/s1080-7446(15)30311-9.

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St-Pierre, Normand, Kleber Tomás de Resende, and Antonello Cannas. "Prediction of intake and average daily gain by different feeding systems for goats." Small Ruminant Research 98, no. 1-3 (June 2011): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2011.03.024.

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PRAKASH, VED, L. L. L. PRINCE, G. R. GOWANE, and A. L. ARORA. "Factors affecting post-weaning average daily gain and Kleiber ratios in Malpura sheep." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 82, no. 12 (December 13, 2012): 1598–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v82i12.25705.

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The objective of this study was to determine effect of environmental factors on estimates of post-weaning growth traits. Study suggested that as the age advances growth rate and feed conversion efficiency declines in Malpura sheep. Hence, for higher economic gain selection should be made at earlier age, preferably at 6 month. Rearing male lambs can be more profitable as they achieved higher growth and better feed conversion efficiency. For unbiased estimates of breeding values, correction factors for significant non-genetic factors must be incorporated.

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Mezgebo, G. B., F. J. Monahan, M. McGee, E. G. O' Riordan, B. Picard, R. I. Richardson, and A. P. Moloney. "Compositional, organoleptic, metabolic enzyme activity and fibre characteristics of muscle from bulls with different growth paths to a common carcass weight." Animal Production Science 58, no. 10 (2018): 1940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an16830.

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The proximate composition, organoleptic quality, metabolic enzyme activity and fibre characteristics of longissimus thoracis muscle from suckler bulls assigned to three target indoor winter (from 9 to 13 months of age approximately) growth rates (average daily gain of 0.6, 1.0 and 1.5 kg; n = 14/group) were investigated. The feeding regimes to achieve the target average daily gains were 2, 4 and 6 kg of concentrate respectively, plus grass silage ad libitum. The duration of the winter feeding period was 123 days, after which bulls were turned out to pasture and grazed for 99 days before re-housing and finishing on concentrates ad libitum plus grass silage until they reached a liveweight to yield a target carcass weight of 380 kg. The average daily gain during the grazing period was higher (P < 0.001) for the 0.6 than for the 1.0 and 1.5 average daily-gain groups, which did not differ. Proximate composition, collagen content, metabolic enzyme activity and fibre-type distribution of the longissimus thoracis muscle were similar (P > 0.05) between the 0.6, 1.0 and 1.5 average daily-gain groups. Apart from tenderness, which was rated higher (P < 0.05) for the 0.6 group than for the 1.0 average daily-gain group, the sensory characteristics of the beef were not influenced by the different winter growth rates applied. Overall, restricting the growth rate during winter had little effect on subsequent beef appearance or eating quality.

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IVAN, RADOVIĆ, TRIVUNOVIĆ SNEŽANA, STANČIĆ IVAN, STANČIĆ BLAGOJE, DRAGIN SAŠA, and UROŠEVIĆ MIROSLAV. "THE FEED CONVERSION, DAILY GAIN, AVERAGE BACKFAT THICKNESS AND MEAT PERCENTAGE IN PERFORMANCE TEST OF LANDRACE BOARS." Contemporary Agriculture (2012) 61, no. 1-2 (June 15, 2012): 44–53. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7260838.

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This paper analyzes the characteristics of the performance test and Landrace boars to: Dutch, Swedish, German and Danish, originating from large farms in Serbia in order to analyze the variability of different characteristics of the aggregate genotype: feed conversion, daily gain and thickness of the back side of bacon and lean meat. Systemic genetic factors (race and fathers) and environmental factors (farm) have a highly significant effect (P<0.01) on the properties of the aggregate genotype (feed conversion and meat percentage) except for the traits daily gain and backfat thickness of the side, where impact of race was not significant (P>0.05). The tested properties of the aggregate genotype showed a high degree of heritability (heritability) with a high standard error. Heritability for feed conversion was 0.84 ± 0.21 for daily gain 0.73 ± 0.18,backfat thickness of 0.74 ± 0.19, the thickness of the side of bacon 0.76 ± 0.19 and percent of meat 0,66 ± 0.18. The positive genetic correlations between traits in the aggregate genotype (from 0.266 between feed conversion and backfat thickness side to 0.984 between backfat thickness and the thickness of the side), and negative genetic correlations between the percentage of meat and feed conversion, daily gain and the thickness of the back side of bacon thickness (-0.155, -0.344, -0.904 and -0.858), were found.

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SAMSONOVA, O. E., and V. A. BABUSHKIN. "FISH MEAL IN THE DIET OF WEANING PIGS." PIG-BREEDING, no. 3 (2022): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37925/0039-713x-2022-3-36-38.

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The influence of fishmeal in the diet of weaned piglets on the indicators of average daily gain was studied. It was found that the inclusion of fishmeal led to an increase in the average daily gain and feed conversion in the starting period from 27 to 51 days.

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Shivley, C. B., J. E. Lombard, N. J. Urie, C. A. Kopral, M. Santin, T. J. Earleywine, J. D. Olson, and F. B. Garry. "Preweaned heifer management on US dairy operations: Part VI. Factors associated with average daily gain in preweaned dairy heifer calves." Journal of Dairy Science 101, no. 10 (October 2018): 9245–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-14022.

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Belaya, E. V., I. S. Beyshova, M. I. Selionova, V. S. Birg, and K. I. Snagoschenko. "HERC3 GENE AS A GENETIC MARKER OF AVERAGE DAILY GAIN IN KAZAKH WHITE-HEADED CATTLE." Transactions of the educational establishment “Vitebsk the Order of “the Badge of Honor” State Academy of Veterinary Medicine 59, no. 3 (2023): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.52368/2078-0109-2023-59-3-43-48.

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As a result of GWAS performed using a single-locus linear model on the basis of the data obtained using the GeneSeek GGP Bovine 150 K chip for 790 bulls of the Kazakh White-headed breed. 81 SNPs associated with the average daily gain were established, of which 66 SNPs are located within 29 protein-coding genes. The biological pathways through which the candidate genes are included in the control of the development of the sign of average daily gain in the young stock of the Kazakh White-headed breed have been characterized. The HERC3 gene, for which 12 SNPs have been identified, is considered and discussed in more detail.

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Achi, Jessica, Neyu Achi, and Iliya Mallam. "Performance of growing rabbit bucks and does fed diets supplemented with brewers dried grains." ANIMAL SCIENCE AND GENETICS 19, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.2940.

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The study was conducted to at the rabbitry unit of the National Animal Production Research Institute/Ahmadu Bello University, Shika-Zaria to evaluate the performance of growing rabbit bucks and does fed diets supplemented with brewers dried grain (BDG). Forty rabbits growing rabbits aged between 6 to 7 weeks of age, with initial average weight of 0.75Kg were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments (0%, 20%, 30% and 40% BDG) in a completely randomized design (CRD) with five rabbits in each treatment. The experimental diet and clean drinking water were supplied ad libtum during the experiment, which lasted for a period of 8 weeks. The following growth parameters were measured included, daily feed intake and weight changes, initial weight, final weight, total weight gain, average daily gain and feed conversion ratio. Data generated was subjected to statistical analysis of SAS. In growing rabbit bucks, initial weight, average daily feed intake, final weight and average daily gain showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). Feed conversion ratio was significantly differences (P < 0.05) with the control having the best feed efficiency while 20% level of inclusion had the least value. For the does, there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in initial weight and average daily feed intake. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in final weight, average daily gain and feed conversion ratio. Final weight and average daily gain had a similar pattern with the control (0%) and treatment 2 recording the highest and lowest values respectively. Feed conversion ratio had different pattern as treatments 2 (20%), 3 (30%) and 4 (40%) were significantly higher than the control. It can be concluded that, inclusion of BDG in the diet of growing rabbits have no effect on growth performance but if efficiently utilized.

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Francoz, D., S. Buczinski, A. M. Bélanger, G. Forté, O. Labrecque, D. Tremblay, V. Wellemans, and J. Dubuc. "Respiratory Pathogens in Québec Dairy Calves and Their Relationship with Clinical Status, Lung Consolidation, and Average Daily Gain." Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 29, no. 1 (January 2015): 381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvim.12531.

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