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Wickberg, Mattias, i Robert Söderström. "Inköpsfunktionens interna strategiska betydelse : En fallstudie av Sanofi-Aventis inköpsfunktion". Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Business Studies, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-134.
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Denna uppsats har till syfte att beskriva och analysera läkemedelsbolaget Sanofi-Aventis inköpsfunktions interna strategiska betydelse. Efter eget intresse och ett behov från Sanofi-Aventis sida med en utomstående betraktare genomförde vi denna studie.
Studien har genomförts genom intervjuer, genomgång av litteratur och analys av tidigare forskning samt ett frågeformulär.
Inköpsfunktionen har idag en alltför låg intern strategisk betydelse inom Sanofi-Aventis. Detta beror på en rad olika faktorer inom olika områden, såsom; relationerna till leverantörerna, de inköpta tjänsternas karaktär, inköpsprocessen samt inköpsfunktionens struktur. För att stärka denna funktions betydelse krävs ytterligare åtgärder. Dessa åtgärder innefattar bland annat en klassificering av leverantörsbasen, en större involvering från ledningen samt en implementering av en intern benchmarking.
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Cares, Inostroza Carolina. "Estudio de caso: la identidad corporativa tras la fusión de Sanofi-Aventis en Chile". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2009. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/144964.
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Memoria para optar al título de PeriodistaLa presente investigación se enmarca en un contexto global: durante el último año – y principalmente motivados por la crisis económica- se produjo una gran cantidad de compras y fusiones en las empresas. En la industria farmacéutica, sin embargo, esta práctica es común, lo que se traduce en un constante cambio al interior de las organizaciones, donde cada cierto tiempo cambia el nombre de la empresa y parte de su personal, pasando por otras transformaciones más profundas que involucran su cultura e identidad. El objetivo general de esta investigación es analizar el proceso de formación de identidad corporativa al interior del laboratorio sanofi-aventis, empresa francesa con presencia en Chile desde 2005, tras una serie de fusiones acontecidas desde la década del 60. Para conocer la experiencia de los funcionarios, se entrevistó a 20 de ellos: hombres, mujeres, de todos los departamentos y rangos, así como tiempo en la organización, para descubrir cómo se está realizando el proceso y cómo es percibido. Tras las entrevistas se pudo constatar la división de los funcionarios respecto de los planes de la compañía en este sentido, sin embargo, todos tienen la esperanza de que, algún día, la organización muestre interés en una integración real y los planes teóricos se transformen en una realidad cotidiana.
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Norková, Silvie. "Optimalizace a kontrola komunikační strategie léku na předpis (spolupráce se společností Sanofi- Aventis)". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-12185.
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The thesis addresses the analysis of the marketing mix in the pharmaceutical industry with a detailed focus on the promotion and communication channels of the prescription drug. The aim is to help a company with a control and optimization of the communication strategy so that it is adapted to the new trends. The differences between the prescription drug and the over-the-counter drug in the aspects of communication, promotion and the role of branding is drawn. Several methods such as analysis, description and marketing research are used. The thesis is divided into five main chapters.
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Lima, João Paulo Cavalcante. "Gestão do capital intelectual na indústria farmacêutica: um estudo de caso na Sanofi Aventis Brasil". Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2010. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/2670.
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Previous issue date: 2010-08-03Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa
According to the Resource Based View (RBV), Human Resources (HR) are presented as a major factor in the search for competitiveness. Therefore, it is common to find studies that show people as valuable resources, rare, non-replaceable and non-imitable. Thus, people are considered, at least in discourse, such as Intellectual Capital, as scarce and hardly imitable, are seen as generators of value and therefore, as a strategic resource and source of competitive advantage. This study sought to identify those attributes relevant to the management of Intellectual Capital, according to the perception of managers of Sanofi Aventis Brazil from the perspective of the Resource Based View (RBV) in order to propose indicators for the management of these elements, aligned economic environment of the pharmaceutical industry. The research is a case study, supported by a protocol, and which held the triangulation of information obtained in the content analysis of interviews and statistical analysis of data obtained by questionnaire. Factor analysis was used for data reduction. The results showed that there is alignment between the perception of senior management with an insight into operational management.
De acordo com a Visão Baseada em Recursos (VBR), os Recursos Humanos (RH) são apresentados como um dos principais fatores na busca por competitividade. Diante disso, é freqüente encontrar-se estudos que apontam pessoas como recursos valiosos, raros, não-substituíveis e não-imitáveis. Assim, as pessoas são consideradas, ao menos no discurso, como Capital Intelectual, como recurso raro e dificilmente imitável, são vistas como geradoras de valor e, portanto, como recurso estratégico e fonte de vantagem competitiva. Este estudo buscou identificar quais são os atributos relevantes para a gestão do Capital Intelectual, de acordo com a percepção dos gestores da Sanofi Aventis Brasil sob a ótica da Visão Baseada em Recursos (VBR) de forma a se propor indicadores de gestão desses elementos, alinhado ao ambiente econômico de uma indústria farmacêutica. A pesquisa é um estudo de caso, apoiado em um protocolo, e para a qual realizou-se a triangulação das informações obtidas na análise de conteúdo das entrevistas e nas análises estatísticas dos dados obtidos com o questionário. Foi usada a análise fatorial para redução dos dados. Os resultados apontaram que existe alinhamento entre a percepção da alta gestão com a percepção da gerencia operacional.
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Ledwaba, Neria Hunadi. "Identification of employees needs to be addressed in the HIV/AIDS programme at Aventis Pharmaceutical Company". Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11182003-132232.
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Wehbi, Sleiman Manal. "La fabrique du discours sur la RSE : analyse, enjeux et dynamique. Le cas de Sanofi-Aventis". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLE059.
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Dans cette thèse, notre objet d’étude porte sur un enjeu public relatif à la Responsabilité Sociale de l’Entreprise (RSE), nous appréhendons le discours en la matière comme un instrument de pouvoir. Nous prenons comme un cas d’étude le discours de Sanofi-aventis dans ses rapports de Développement Durable (DD) et ses rapports RSE.Nous considérons que le discours produit dans un contexte particulier est porteur symbolique des signes de pouvoir en mobilisant la force discursive de l’acteur. Nous partons de l’hypothèse suivante : le discours organisationnel produit parfois dans un contexte particulier est un discours légitimateur et performatif. Dans notre travail d’analyse, nous proposons une grille d’analyse s’appuyant sur les sciences de langage pour mettre en exergue le fonctionnement interne d’un discours envisagé comme un vecteur de pouvoir et de légitimation. Un premier niveau d’analyse statique des rapports DD/RSE nous a permis de déterminer les divers thèmes développés dans le discours et d’examiner ainsi la manière dont les acteurs communiquant donnent du sens aux thèmes de la RSE. Un deuxième niveau d’analyse longitudinale nous a permis quant à lui de poser le discours dans sa propre réalité et cela dans un contexte socio-économique plus large. En mobilisant les présupposés théoriques et les outils méthodologiques issus de l’analyse de discours, nous avons montré tout le potentiel non seulement légitimateur mais plus particulièrement performatif d’un discours construit et élaboré autour de la RSE. L’objet de la recherche étant à la croisée des chemins entre les sciences de gestion et les sciences de langage, permet une analyse mettant en avant toute la puissance du discours comme étant une action stratégique de l’entreprise mais aussi toute sa fragilité et ses limites. Cette analyse permet une nouvelle réflexion sur la performativité du discours puisqu’elle alerte l’entreprise sur le danger de non-performativité possible de son discours. Elle permet de proposer un cadre plus approprié à la communication RSE en tenant compte de la multiplicité des facteurs et paramètres pouvant influencer son pouvoir de performativité et considérant la cible de cette communicationIn this thesis, our research topic addresses a public issue related to the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), we perceive the discourse in this matter as an instrument of power. As case of study, we analyse the sanofi-aventis discourse in their sustainable development (SD) and CSR reports.We believe that the discourse designed in a specific environment conveys the symbolism of the signs of power by mobilizing the actor’s discursive force. We take the following assumptions: the organizational speech about CSR is of legitimization and performativity. In our analysis effort, we propose an evaluation grid based on linguistics to highlight the inner workings of a discourse seen as a vector of power, legitimization and especially performativity. A first level of static analysis of the SD/CSR reports enables us to identify the different topics developed in the discourse and therefore to examine how the communicators give meaning to the CSR. A second level of longitudinal analysis enables us to consider the discourse in its own reality within a wider socio-economic background. Using the theoretical assumptions and methodological toolset from discourse analysis, we demonstrate all the legitimating and performative potential of a discourse built and elaborated around CSR. The research topic being at thecrossroad of management sciences and linguistics enables us to highlight the power of the discourse as a strategic action from the company but also its limits and weaknesses. This analysis enables a new process of reflection about performativity of the discourse as it warns the company on the danger of potential non-performativity of its discourse. It proposes a framework that is more appropriate to the CSR communication taking into account the multiplicity of factors and parameters that could influence its power of performativity while considering the target of this communication effort
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Nabet, Agnès. "Les systèmes de gestion par la valeur : une analyse de leur impact sur les logiques de contrôle de deux groupes français". Paris 9, 2001. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2001PA090047.
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Nos travaux de recherche exposent une discussion nuancée autour d'une hypothèse théorique: « La mise en place d'un système de gestion par la valeur implique et justifie l'adoption d'un contrôle dont la logique est 'actionnariale' ». Les investigations qualitatives, sous forme d'études de cas, ont un triple objectif : clarifier la conception d'un système de gestion par la valeur portée par le discours académique (revue de la littérature) et institutionnel (rapports annuels du CAC 40), examiner l'impact de la pression des investisseurs sur·la logique de contrôle et expliciter l'orientation du contrôle. Les résultats de l'étude (Rhône Poulenc/Aventis et SNCF Participations) soulignent l'importance de certains facteurs pour répondre à notre triple questionnement : contexte organisationnel, maîtrise opérationnelIe d'indicateurs de performance techniques, besoin de légitimité. La perception de la pression actionnariale et son intensité sont ainsi précisées. La structure, les modes de croissance et de financement de l'organisation sont théoriquement déterminés par son contexte. Dans la pratique, ils influencent le choix d'un ratio de rentabilité et permettent de clarifier l'utilisation d'un systéme de gestion par la valeur. De plus, les investisseurs institutionnels semblent avoir l'impact le plus identifiable, fort et permanent. Une gestion des composantes d'un indicateur de type ROI (résultat, actifs, financement des investissements) présente divers scénarii favorables à l'actionnaire. Plus les actions des dirigeants intermédiaires sont contraintes, plus le système de gestion par la valeur devient incontournable. Ce dernier est alors associé à une logique de contrôle « actionnariale ». Les systèmes de gestion par la valeur renforcent le contrôle dans l'organisation (formel) et bénéficient aux actionnaires ou à tout autre partenaire, parce qu'ils sont légitimés socialement (informel). Le caractère dualiste du contrôle, formel et informel (en partie idéologique), forme donc un système de convergence des buts par les résultats individuels et par les valeurs partagéesThe research presents a discussion on a theoretical hypothesis : "The putting in place of a system of Value Based Management involves and warrants the adoption of a control process the direction of which is shareholders based. The investigation had three aims : to clarify the concept of a Value Based Management system in the light of academic discussions (preVious research) and of corporate information (annual reports of the CAC 40 companies), to assess the effect of investor pressure on management direction and finally, to explain the direction of the control process. The results of the empirical study (Rhône Poulenc/Aventis and SNCF Participations) underline the importance of certain explanatory factors : corporate context, operational expertise of performance indicator techniques, need of legitimacy. Thereby, the perception of shareholder pressure and its importance are clarified. The context of a particular organisation determines in theory its structure, its methods of growth and its financing. These elernents intluence the choice of a ROI ratio. Furthermore, institutional investors financing the organisation have the most obvious impact bath strong and constant. The management of the components of ROI type indicators (result, assets, financing of investments) offers various scenarios favourable to shareholders. Thus, the greater the constraint on middle management, the more Value Based Management becomes unavoidable. Therefore, the system is linked to a process of shareholder driven direction of control. A Value Based Management System strengthens the control in an organisation (formal) and benefits the shareholders or others stakeholders, because it is socially legitimated (Informal). The dual character of the control process, both formal and informal (in part ideological), could in this way lead to a convergence of goals by individual results and by common values
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Ramokolo, Mmatsatsi Elizabeth. "The exploration of the reasons for the resistance of troubled employees to utilize the Employee Assistance Programme at Aventis Pharma". Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01242005-143926.
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Rocha, Gonzales Ursula Elena. "Gestión de la comunicación intercultural entre colaboradores locales y la Casa Matriz en empresas transnacionales: Casos Laboratorios Sanofi Aventis, Banco Scotiabank y Ajinomoto". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/622448.
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Hoy en día vivimos en un mundo diversificado, en donde encontramos a personas de distintas procedencias. Sean nuestros jefes, amigos de trabajo o familiares, siempre habrá alguien distinto a nosotros. Esta tesis fue elaborada por ello y por ellos, por su comportamiento y desarrollo en espacios tan variados como son las oficinas de trabajo en empresas reconocidas a nivel mundial. El estudio profundiza la causa y consecuencia del encuentro entre culturas, y como las empresas gestionan la interculturalidad y sacan provecho de ella para fortalecer su cultura organizacional, a través de un estilo de comunicación que busque diferenciarse de otras empresas del mismo rubro.
Para el logro de los objetivos se desarrolló una metodología basada en el análisis de casos y el desarrollo de un panel de expertos, y a partir de la unión y análisis de estos datos se pudieron obtener valiosa información sobre los diversos factores del binomio comunicación interna y comunicación intercultural en este tipo de empresas, y también sobre las principales tendencias y prácticas que consideran los profesionales en el área.
ABSTRACT
Today we live in a diversified world, where we meet people from different backgrounds. Whether our bosses, work friends or relatives, there will always be someone different from us. This thesis was elaborated by them and by them, by their behavior and development in spaces as varied as the work offices in companies recognized worldwide. The study deepens the cause and consequence of the encounter between cultures, and how companies manage interculturality and take advantage of it to strengthen their organizational culture, through a communication style that seeks to differentiate itself from other companies in the same field.
For the achievement of the objectives, a methodology was developed based on the analysis of cases and the development of a panel of experts, and from the union and analysis of these data it was possible to obtain valuable information on the various factors of the binomial internal communication and communication intercultural in this type of companies, and also on the main trends and practices considered by professionals in the area.
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Sheumack, Michele Denise, i n/a. "StarLink(TM) Corn: A Case Study". Griffith University. School of Science, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040401.151800.
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The 18 September 2000 disclosure that StarLink corn, a genetically engineered variety not approved for human consumption, had been detected in food was a seminal event in agricultural biotechnology. This thesis presents a comprehensive case study of the StarLink incident (part one), reviews the StarLink situation in terms of crisis management theory (part two) and develops crisis management theory using the StarLink incident as an example of a crisis (part three). Part one provides background information, then a meticulous day-by-day account of StarLink-related events. Part two presents a detailed overview of crisis management theory, then examines the StarLink situation in terms of pre-crisis (warning signals, preconditions for a crisis, crisis trigger), crisis (how Aventis, the biotechnology provider, managed the crisis and opinions concerning crisis handling) and post-crisis (lessons learned). Part three develops crisis management theory using the StarLink situation as an example of a crisis. It evaluates whether the StarLink incident possessed characteristics predicted for modern crises and suggests other factors which may become more prevalent and significant in future crises. The StarLink incident delivers certain practical lessons for managers, regulators and others and demonstrates a number of characteristics of modern crises.
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Sheumack, Michele Denise. "StarLink(TM) Corn: A Case Study". Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365599.
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The 18 September 2000 disclosure that StarLink corn, a genetically engineered variety not approved for human consumption, had been detected in food was a seminal event in agricultural biotechnology. This thesis presents a comprehensive case study of the StarLink incident (part one), reviews the StarLink situation in terms of crisis management theory (part two) and develops crisis management theory using the StarLink incident as an example of a crisis (part three). Part one provides background information, then a meticulous day-by-day account of StarLink-related events. Part two presents a detailed overview of crisis management theory, then examines the StarLink situation in terms of pre-crisis (warning signals, preconditions for a crisis, crisis trigger), crisis (how Aventis, the biotechnology provider, managed the crisis and opinions concerning crisis handling) and post-crisis (lessons learned). Part three develops crisis management theory using the StarLink situation as an example of a crisis. It evaluates whether the StarLink incident possessed characteristics predicted for modern crises and suggests other factors which may become more prevalent and significant in future crises. The StarLink incident delivers certain practical lessons for managers, regulators and others and demonstrates a number of characteristics of modern crises.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Science
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Modolo, Fabiana Duarte Mendes e. 1973. "Estudo de biodisponibilidade comparativa de uma formulação teste (Lipless [ciprofibrato] - comprimido - 100 mg; Biolab Sanus Farmacêutica Ltda.) versus uma formulação referência (Oroxadin [ciprofibrato] comprimido - 100 mg; Sanofi-Aventis) em voluntários sadios de ambos os sexos". [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309463.
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Orientador: Gilberto de NucciTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: Método rápido, sensível e específico foi desenvolvido para quantificar ciprofibrato no plasma humano, utilizando bezafibrato como padrão interno (SI). O analito e o padrão interno foram extraídos do plasma, por extração líquido-líquido, usando um solvente orgânico (éter etílico/diclorometano 70/30 (v/v)). Os extratos foram analisados por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência acoplada à espectrometria de massa (HPLC-MS/MS), do tipo eletrospray. A cromatografia foi realizada com coluna Gênesis C18 4?m analítica (4,6 x 150mm id) em fase móvel composta de acetonitrila/água (70/30, v/v) e 1 mM de ácido acético. O método teve um tempo de corrida cromatográfica de 2,7min e curva de calibração linear no intervalo de 0,1 - 60 ?g/mL (R2> 0,99). O limite de quantificação foi de 0,1?g/mL. Os valores de acurácia e precisão intra-corrida e inter-corrida foram inferiores a 13,5%. Os testes de estabilidade não indicaram degradação significativa. A recuperação do ciprofibrato foi de 81,2%, 73,3% e 76,2% para as concentrações de 0,3, 5,0 e 48,0 ?g/mL, respectivamente. Para o ciprofibrato, os parâmetros otimizados da energia declustering, energia de colisão e energia de saída foram -51 (V), -16 (eV) e -5 (V), respectivamente. O método também foi validado sem o uso do padrão interno. Este procedimento HPLC-MS/MS foi usado para avaliar a bioequivalência de duas formulações de comprimidos ciprofibrato 100mg, em voluntários sadios de ambos os sexos. Os seguintes parâmetros farmacocinéticos foram obtidos das curvas de concentração plasmática de cipofibrato versus tempo: ASCULTIMO, ASC0-168h, CMAX e TMAX. A média geométrica com intervalo de confiança correspondente a 90% (CI) para a razão de Teste / Referência foram: 93,80% (IC 90%= 88,16 - 99,79%) para CMAX, 98,31% (90% CI = 94,91-101,83%) para ASCULTIMO e 97,67% (90% CI = 94,45-101,01%) para ASC0-168h. Uma vez que o intervalo de confiança de 90% para a razão geométrica de CMAX , ASCÚLTIMO e ASC 0 -168h estavam dentro do intervalo de 80% -125% proposto pelo FDA dos EUA, concluiu-se que ciprofibrato (Lipless® 100mg comprimido) formulação fabricado pela Biolab Sanus Farmacêutica Ltda. é bioequivalente à formulação Oroxadin® (100mg comprimido) para a velocidade e a extensão da absorção
Abstract: A rapid, sensitive and specific method for quantifying ciprofibrate in human plasma, using bezafibrate as the internal standard (IS) is described. The analyte and the IS were extracted from plasma, by liquid-liquid extraction using an organic solvent (diethyl ether / dichloromethane 70/30 (v/v)). The extracts were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Chromatography was performed using Genesis C18 4?m analytical column (4.6mm x 150mm i.d.) and a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile/water (70/30, v/v) and 1mM acetic acid. The method had a chromatographic run time of 2.7 min and a linear calibration curve over the range 0.1-60 ?g/ml (R2>0.99). The limit of quantification was 0.1?g/ml. The intra and interday accuracy and precision values of the assay were less than 13.5%. The stability tests indicated no significant degradation. The recovery of ciprofibrate was 81.2%, 73.3% and 76.2% for the 0.3, 5.0 and 48.0?g/mL standard concentrations, respectively. For ciprofibrate, the optimized parameters of the declustering potential, collision energy and collision exit potential were -51 (V), -16 (eV) and -5 (V), respectively. The method was also validated without the use of the internal standard. This HPLC-MS/MS procedure was used to assess the bioequivalence of two ciprofibrate 100mg tablet formulations, in healthy volunteers of both sexes. The following pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained from the ciprofibrate plasma concentration vs. time curves: AUCLAST, AUC0-168h, CMAX and TMAX. The geometric mean with corresponding 90% confidence interval (CI) for Test/Reference percent ratios were 93.80% (90% CI= 88.16 - 99.79%) for CMAX, 98.31% (90% CI= 94.91 - 101.83%) for AUCLAST and 97.67% (90% CI= 94.45 - 101.01%) for AUC0-168h. Since the 90% CI for AUCLAST, AUC0-168h and CMAX ratios were within the 80-125% interval proposed by the US FDA, it was concluded that ciprofibrate (Lipless® 100 mg tablet) formulation manufactured by Biolab Sanus Farmacêutica Ltda. is bioequivalent to the Oroxadin® (100mg tablet) formulation for both the rate and the extent of absorption
Doutorado
Clinica Medica
Doutora em Clínica Médica
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Ladoux, Cyril. "Gestion de l'évolution des conditionnements pour les pays de l'international : cas particulier du changement de nom des entités légales suite à la création d'Aventis". Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA114098.
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Cosson, Michel. "L'hysterectomie : passe, present, avenir". Lille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL2M181.
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Belfiore, Roberta. "Analisi pushover per edifici irregolare in c.a. aventi solai deformabili". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/2095/.
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Nivens, Ryan Andrew. "Avenues for Embedding Computing in STEM". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2638.
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Leorat, Guillaume. "La prévision en avenir turbulent". Paris, ENST, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ENST0020.
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Cette thèse porte sur des techniques de prévisions pour les séries temporelles. Notre travail propose deux points de vue qui constituent autant de parties dans le présent document, un point de vue local et un point de vue global. Pour la première partie, le principal thème de recherche est les prévisions par modèles arma a coefficients dépendants du temps ; ce thème de recherche est traite par des simulations et des cas pratiques. Nous montrons qu'une procédure d'ajustement local est parfaitement adaptée à la détection de variation des coefficients au cours du temps d'un tel type de modèle. Nous montrons de plus que des séries temporelles classiquement modélisées par un modèle arma, traitées par notre méthode conduisent à une meilleure qualité de prévisions. Pour la deuxième partie, les axes de recherche sont la construction d'estimateurs statistiques pour la théorie du chaos déterministe. Nous nous intéressons plus particulièrement à la détection du chaos et nous proposons des estimateurs statistiques des exposants de lyapounov et de la plus petite dimension de plongement. Les techniques utilisées sont des méthodes de plus proches voisins et d'estimateurs à noyaux. Nous montrons la convergence de nos estimateurs d'un point de vue théorique et pratique à l'aide de simulations. Nous terminons cette partie par une application a des données financières.
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Leorat, Guillaume. "La prévision en avenir turbulent /". Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb372160292.
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Whiting, Paul. "Four Avenues : a school without walls? : a social history of Four Avenues Alternative School in Christchurch, New Zealand". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Sociology and Anthropology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1987.
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This thesis provides a social history of Four Avenues Alternative School in Christchurch, New Zealand, beginning with the school's establishment in the mid-1970s and ending with its closure in 1993. This thesis addresses the question of how Four Avenues maintained its place in the state education system for 18 years and how that place was threatened over time. Using microhistorical analysis, it discusses the school's history through the intensive study of three events in that history: 1) the opening of Four Avenues in May 1975; 2) the Department of Education's decision to close Four Avenues early in 1983; and 3) the Education Review Office (1993) audit that recommended Four Avenues' closure in 1993. These events are selected because they were points in Four Avenues' history where its survival was an open issue. This thesis argues three features of Four Avenues' history were important in helping it to remain open: the school's relationship to wider political events and circumstances, its relationship to Hagley High School / Hagley Community College, and the commitment of many within the school to the pedagogy they saw it as embodying. These three features helped Four Avenues to remain a part of the state education system; yet they also threatened its survival as a state school over time and eventually contributed to its closure.
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Rusinek, Cory A. "New Avenues in Electrochemical Systems and Analysis". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1490350904669695.
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Guenoun, Bernard. "La valvuloplastie aortique : un avenir incertain". Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR23102.
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Le, Floc'h Sonia. "De l'homéopathie : passé, présent et avenir". Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON11065.
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Lefèvre, Antoine Fisch Alain. "Vaccination intradermique historique, présent et avenir /". Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2007. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0252424.pdf.
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Bellmunt, Traver Fabián. "Avenços en l’adquisició i interpretació de dades geoelèctriques". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/334980.
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La tomografia elèctrica de resistivitat és una tècnica geofísica no intrusiva àmpliament utilitzada en la caracterització de les propietats elèctriques del subsòl i, més recentment, en el seguiment de processos dinàmics, tant amb elèctrodes en superfície com en fondària. Un dels aspectes clau en la seva utilització és l'elecció de la configuració més adient a cada context. Si s'utilitzen elèctrodes en fondària aquesta elecció no és fàcil, ja que les capacitats d'aquest tipus de configuracions no estan tan establertes com les de superfície. A més, en el cas d'estudis de seguiment de processos dinàmics pot ser necessari reduir el nombre de dades de les configuracions per a ajustar el temps d'adquisició a la durada del procés a seguir. La utilització de la tomografia elèctrica amb elèctrodes en fondària i la seva aplicació per al seguiment de processos dinàmics implica situar dels elèctrodes en pous i utilitzar noves tècniques d'inversió per a l'obtenció dels models de les variacions de la resistivitat en l'experiment.
Els objectius principals d'aquesta tesi han estat cercar estratègies d'adquisició de dades que permetin simplificar l'elecció de la configuració més adient reduint alhora el temps de registre, i comparar diferents tipus d'instal.lacions d'elèctrodes en pous i diferents tècniques d'inversió per a l'obtenció dels models de variació de la resistivitat del subsòl en estudis de seguiment.
En aquesta tesi es presenten dues estratègies d'adquisició i el disseny d'un experiment de seguiment de la perforació del túnel de la nova línia L9 del metro de Barcelona. La primera estratègia es va desenvolupar a partir de l'estudi de la llei d'addició del potencial, el teorema de reciprocitat i les relacions entre diferents configuracions. Aquesta estratègia es va centrar en estudis de caracterització amb elèctrodes en superfície i es va validar mitjançant simulacions i dades experimentals. Es va crear una nova configuració tetra-electròdica capaç de generar les dades dels dispositius Wenner-Schlumberger i dipol-dipol, però amb un menor temps d'adquisició. A més, es va introduir un control de qualitat de les dades, semblant al que s'obtindria comparant dades normals i recíproques, sense augmentar el temps de registre.
En la segona estratègia es va quantificar la detecció d’anomalies i la simetria en el patró de sensibilitat de les configuracions d’elèctrodes. Aquesta estratègia es va centrar en les configuracions d’elèctrodes en pous i es va validar mitjançant la simulació d’un experiment de seguiment de la migració d’un plomall. A partir dels resultats obtinguts es va crear una configuració optimitzada utilitzant les combinacions d’elèctrodes amb els majors valors de detecció d’anomalies i amb la menor simetria en el patró de sensibilitat. Aquesta configuració optimitzada va permetre reduir d’una manera important el temps d’adquisició i mantenir la resolució espacial necessària per a resoldre l’experiment plantejat. L’experiment de seguiment de la perforació del túnel de la línia L9 del metro de Barcelona va incloure la fabricació i instal·lació dels elèctrodes en pous, i la comparació entre diferents tècniques d’inversió per a l’obtenció dels models de variació de la resistivitat durant la perforació. La construcció i instal·lació dels elèctrodes en els pous es va utilitzar per a establir els aspectes més importants a tenir en compte a l’hora d’escollir el tipus d’instal·lació desitjada, permanent o no permanent. La comparació entre les diferents tècniques d’inversió va permetre identificar la més adient i discriminar entre els canvis de resistivitat deguts a la perforació del túnel i els deguts al propi procés d’inversió. Aquesta tesi suposa una contribució important en tomografia elèctrica, tant per a estudis de caracterització com de seguiment de processos dinàmics. Les estratègies desenvolupades permeten postergar l’elecció de la configuració d’elèctrodes més adient a cada context inclús després de la interpretació dels models de resistivitat i optimitzar les combinacions a enregistrar amb la finalitat d’ajustar el temps d’adquisició a les exigències de cada experiment mantenint una resolució espacial adequada. L’experiment realitzat va permetre establir una metodologia d’actuació en estudis de seguiment de processos dinàmics amb elèctrodes entre pous.Electrical resistivity tomography is a non-intrusive geophysical technique widely used for subsurface electrical properties characterization and, more recently, for dynamic processes monitoring, both using surface and deep electrodes. A key aspect is the choice of the most suitable configuration in each context. If deep electrodes are used this choice can be difficult because the capabilities of such configurations are not as well established as the surface ones. Besides, in the case of monitoring experiments may be necessary to reduce the data quantity to adjust the acquisition time to the length of the process to be followed. The use of electrical tomography with deep electrodes and its application for monitoring involves placing the electrodes into boreholes and to use new inversion techniques to obtain the resistivity variations models. The main objectives of this thesis is searching acquisition strategies to simplify the choice of the most suitable configuration while reducing the acquisition time, and evaluating different types of electrode installation into boreholes and different inversion techniques to obtain the resistivity variations models in monitoring experiments. In this thesis, two acquisition strategies and the design of an experiment which consisted of monitoring the tunnel drilling of the new metro line, L9, in Barcelona, are presented. The strategies developed here allow delaying the choice of the most suitable electrode configuration even after the interpretation of the resistivity models and optimizing configurations to adjust its acquisition time to the requirements of each experiment maintaining an adequate spatial resolution. The monitoring experiment of the tunnel drilling of the metro line, L9, in Barcelona included the manufacture and installation of the electrodes into boreholes, and the comparison between different inversion techniques to obtain the resistivity variation models. This experiment allowed us to establish a methodology in monitoring experiments with deep electrodes.
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Masip, Tresserra Jaume. "Policentrisme i eficiència territorial : avenços teòrics i empírics". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461639.
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The overarching research goal of this dissertation is to make theoretical and empirical contributions on the link between the polycentric spatial organization of agglomeration in metropolitan areas and its economic, social and environmental (dis)advantages. First, this thesis renews the theoretical approximation to the link between polycentricity and performance by proposing a new conceptual framework that brings together concepts of the externalities of agglomeration economies that are rooted in distinct literatures, namely, the concepts of borrowed size, agglomeration shadows and network externalities. Moreover, this proposed conceptual framework is tested by conducting an empirical analyses that consider all of the metropolitan agglomerations in OECD countries. Second, this dissertation empirically explores the relationship between polycentricity and performance through the lens of the aggregate human mobility patterns, residential energy use, wages and housing costs. This empirical analyses applies unprecedented quantitative methods in the research field of urban and regional studies and spatial planning despite their advantages, specifically, this thesis employs econometric modeling based on the Bayesian approach to statistics. Evidence-informed guidelines for spatial development strategies of metropolitan agglomerations are then provided. These guidelines are built upon the empirical substantiation that the development of agglomeration economies and their externalities in a metropolitan area is a mixture of the size of centers, the proximity to other places and the interactions among centers in networks at multiple territorial scales, from the metropolitan scale to the international scale.
This dissertation represents the second phase of development of the line of research 'Polycentricity, Performance and Planning'. This line of research is based on examining the multiple (and reciprocal) theoretical and empirical relationships among the polycentric spatial structure of metropolitan areas; the performance of metropolitan areas in terms of economic competitiveness, environmental sustainability and social well-being; and how metropolitan areas are planned through the elaboration of spatial plans. The main contribution of this line of research is to achieve a greater symbiosis between research (theory and evidence) and policy (practice) within the field of spatial planning and urban and regional studies to improve both the feasibility and the effectiveness of spatial plans. Further fundamental and applied research, this second type of research with the support of statistics, will be conducted soon to continue developing this own line of research in the field of urbanism.L'objectiu general d'aquesta tesi doctoral és el produir avenços teòrics i empírics en la relació entre l'organització espacial policèntrica de l'aglomeració en les àrees metropolitanes i els seus (des)avantatges econòmics, socials i ambientals. En primer lloc, es renova l'aproximació teòrica de la relació entre policentrisme i eficiència territorial a partir de la proposta d'un nou marc teòric que reuneix conceptes de les externalitats de els economies d'aglomeració arrelats en disciplines diferents, específicament els conceptes de borrowed size, agglomeration shadows i network externalities. A més, aquest marc teòric proposat es contrasta a través d'una anàlisi empírica que considera les aglomeracions metropolitanes existents en els països de l'OECD. En segon lloc, s'explora empíricament la relació entre policentrisme i eficiència territorial des de l'òptica dels patrons de la mobilitat humana agregada, de l'ús d'energia residencial, dels salaris de les persones i dels costos de l'habitatge. Aquesta anàlisi empírica aplica mètodes quantitatius inèdits en l'àmbit de recerca dels estudis urbans i regionals i de la planificació territorial malgrat els seus avantatges, en concret, s'utilitzen modelatges economètrics basats en l'aproximació Bayesiana a l'estadística. Ulteriorment, s'elaboren directrius d'evidència informada per estratègies de desenvolupament territorial de les aglomeracions metropolitanes. Aquestes directrius es basen en la corroboració empírica que el desenvolupament de les economies d'aglomeració i de les seves externalitats en una àrea metropolitana és una combinació de la mida dels centres, de la proximitat a altres llocs i de la interacció entre centres en xarxes a múltiples escales territorials, des de l'escala metropolitana a la internacional. Aquesta tesi doctoral representa la segona fase de desenvolupament de la línia de recerca 'Policentrisme, Eficiència Territorial i Planificació Territorial'. Aquesta línia de recerca es basa en l'examinació de les múltiples i recíproques relacions teòriques i empíriques entre l'estructura espacial policèntrica de les àrees metropolitanes; l'eficiència territorial de les àrees metropolitanes en termes de competitivitat econòmica, benestar social, i sostenibilitat ambiental; i com les àrees metropolitanes es planifiquen a través de l'elaboració de plans territorials. La contribució principal d'aquesta línia de recerca és l'assoliment d'una major simbiosi entre recerca (teoria i evidència) i política pública (pràctica) en el camp de la planificació territorial i dels estudis urbans i regionals per millorar la viabilitat i eficiència dels plans territorials. Més recerca fonamental i aplicada, aquesta amb el suport de l'estadística, es durà pròximament a terme per continuar desenvolupant aquesta línia pròpia de recerca dins de l'àmbit de l'urbanisme
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Robert, Guillaume. "La démocratie : ses évidences et son avenir". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24930/24930.pdf.
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Rossi, Gisèle. "Les départements ont-ils encore un avenir ?" Nice, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NICE0014.
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Les départements ont depuis la décentralisation des compétences dans les domaines suivants : transports, infrastructures, éducation, culture, social et santé. Ces compétences sont importantes pour l'avenir du pays. Elles s'exercent librement, mais dans un cadre normatif étatique etroit. Elles confortent le rôle traditionnel du département en matière de développement rural, de voirie, d'aides aux communes. . . L'ensemble de ces activités permet aux départements de jouer un rôle important en matière de développement et d'aménagement du territoire. Les problèmes se situent aujourd'hui au niveau des finances départementales. Ces dernières sont plus sensibles à la mauvaise conjoncture économique que celles des autres collectivités locales. En effet, les dépenses de fonctionnement des départements, en particulier dans le domaine social, sont en augmentation depuis 1989, pendant que leurs recettes sont en baisse, en particulier les impôts locaux indirects. Cela entraîne une baisse des dépenses d'investissement et une augmentation du recours aux emprunts. L'état aggrave cette situation en augmentant unilatéralement les charges des départements sans compensation. Les solutions passent par une refonte des impôts locaux directs et un changement d'attitude de l'état. Sans cela les départements perdront toute liberté d'action et n'assumeront plus que leurs dépenses obligatoires, ne pouvant jouer leur rôle au niveau de l'EuropeSince decentralization the regions have had responsibilities in the following areas : transport, infrastructure, education, culture, social matters and health. These responsibilities are important for the country's future. They're carried out freely, but in a narrow, normative framework of state control. They reinforce the traditional role of the region in rural development, highways and district aid. . . All these activities enable the regions to play an important role in development and twn and country planning. Today, the problem lies in regional finances, which are more sensitive to the bad economie situation than those of other local communities. Indeed, the operational expenses of the regions, particularly regarding social matters, have increased since 1989, while their receipts have gone down, especially indirect local taxes. This leads to a drop in investment expenditure and an increase in borrowing. The state makes this situation worse by introducing a unilateral rise in regional charges without compensation. A revision of direct local taxes and a charge in the state's attitude are required to remedy the situation. Otherwise the regions will lose all freedom of action and will only ve able to meet their compulsory expenditure. Herce, they won't be in a position to fulfil their role at the european level
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Zriouli, M'hamed. "La région économique au Maroc : quel avenir ? /". Rabat : Éd. Okad, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb357382591.
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Zauner, Alexander, Monika Koller i Isabella Hatak. "Customer perceived value - Conceptualization and avenues for future research". Taylor & Francis Group, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2015.1061782.
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Given the present dynamic consumption environment due to technological innovations as well as interlinked economic developments on the macro-, micro-, and societal-level, researchers and managers have been increasingly showing interest in the concept of customer perceived value. However, especially given its vast empirical application, surprisingly little effort has been paid to synthesize various perspectives on the dimensionality, abstraction, and model taxonomy of customer perceived value. Therefore, based on a comprehensive literature review, this article identifies the predominant conceptualization of customer perceived value, thus also providing a sound basis for future empirical assessments of this concept, and discusses avenues for future research. In addition to contributing to research, this study also contributes to practice by comprehensively positioning customer perceived value as a key source of competitive advantage in the context of relationship marketing, management, and business models.
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Alves, Leila Maria Marchi. "Participação do óxido nítrico na hipertensão do avental branco". Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22132/tde-17012007-154726/.
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Hipertensão do avental branco significa uma elevação persistente da pressão arterial no consultório médico ou clínica, com pressão normal em quaisquer outras circunstâncias. Existem diversos questionamentos a respeito da origem, significado clínico, prognóstico e tratamento desta manifestação. Em relação à etiologia, nossa hipótese é que uma alteração endotelial, resultando em deficiência na produção ou utilização de óxido nítrico endógeno, constitua um fator primário para a ocorrência da hipertensão do avental branco. Este estudo, desenvolvido entre moradores do município de Dumont - São Paulo, Brasil, teve como objetivos caracterizar os participantes em relação a fatores demográficos, alterações fisiológicas e metabólicas para posteriormente identificar e comparar os níveis plasmáticos de nitrato - produto da degradação do óxido nítrico ? entre os sujeitos da pesquisa. De uma amostra de 441 voluntários, selecionamos 109 indivíduos, que foram divididos em três grupos: normotensão (no=58), hipertensão essencial (no=33) e hipertensão do avental branco (no=18), após medidas de pressão arterial com aparelho oscilométrico e exame de Monitorização Ambulatorial da Pressão Arterial. Realizamos entrevista, mensuração de dados e coleta de exames laboratoriais para comparação das variáveis encontradas entre os grupos. Para o tratamento estatístico, foram utilizados os testes ANOVA e Tukey. Os resultados foram expressos como médias ± erros padrões das médias. As diferenças foram consideradas estatisticamente significativas para p<0,05. A prevalência de hipertensão do avental branco foi de 34,1%, com predominância do sexo feminino (83,3%), média de idade de 45,28 anos, sendo a maioria natural do Estado de São Paulo (66,7%), de cor branca (88,9%), alfabetizada (33,3%), casada (72,2%), com histórico familiar para doenças cardiovasculares (72,2%). A análise da quantificação de nitrato plasmático apontou diferença significativa entre os grupos hipertensão do avental branco e normotensão em comparação aos hipertensos, com elevação dos níveis de nitrato sérico em portadores de hipertensão essencial. Também encontramos diferença estatisticamente significativa para índice de massa corporal, relação cintura/quadril, glicemia e creatinina plasmáticas, na comparação entre hipertensos do avental branco e normotensos. As distinções observadas entre os grupos e a presença de variações clínicas, demográficas e bioquímicas possibilitam inferir que a hipertensão do avental branco é uma condição que deve ser analisada de maneira distinta em relação a indivíduos normotensos e portadores de hipertensão essencial.The white coat hypertension is understood as a persistent increase in arterial pressure in the medical office or clinic, while normal blood pressure is observed in any other circumstances. There are several issues regarding the origin, clinical meaning, prognosis and treatment of this condition. Concerning the etiology, our hypothesis is that an endothelial alteration, leading to deficiency either in the production or utilization of endogenous nitric oxide, may constitute a primary factor for the occurrence of white coat hypertension. This study, developed with the population of the city of Dumont São Paulo, Brazil, aims to characterize the participants in relation to demographical factors and metabolic and physiological changes to afterwards identify and compare plasma levels of nitrate product of nitric oxide degradation among the researchs subjects. We selected 109 individuals, from a sample of 441, who were divided in three groups: normotensive (n=58), essential hypertension (n=33) and white coat hypertension (n=18), following arterial pressure measures with oscilometric device and Arterial Pressure Monitoring Exam. Interviews, data measures and laboratory exams were accomplished as to enable the comparison of the variables found between groups. For the statistical treatment, ANOVA and Tukeys test were used. Results were expressed in terms of means ± means standard deviations. The significance level adopted was p<0,05. White coat hypertension prevalence was of 34,1% with predominance of the feminine gender (83,3%), mean age 45,28, most of the participants original from the state of São Paulo (66,7%), white (88,9%), alphabetized (33,3%), married (72,2%) and with family history of cardiovascular diseases (72,2%). Quantification of plasma nitrate showed significant difference between the white coat hypertension group and the normotensive group in comparison to hypertensive patients, with increased levels of serum nitrate in essential hypertension patients. We also found statistically significant difference for corporal mass index, hip/waist ratio, plasma glucose and creatinine, in the comparison between white coat hypertensive and normotensive patients. The distinctions observed between groups and the presence of clinical, demographical and biochemical variations allow us to suggest that the white coat hypertension is a condition which must be analyzed in a distinct way in relation to normotensive and essential hypertension patients.
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Ostroveanu, A. "Novel cyclic AMP signalling avenues in learning and memory". [S.l. : s.n.], 2009. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/317.
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Taffe, Michael. "First World War Avenues of Honour : Social history through the landscape". Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2018. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/166426.
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This thesis argues that avenues of honour were the first choice of memorial to the Great War created by Australians. Despite not being the first such avenue, the thesis argues that, by virtue of the massive amount of publicity it brought to focus on this form of memorial, the Ballarat Avenue of Honour was a significant cultural statement by Australians during the Great War. The Ballarat Avenue of Honour was inspirational and pivotal to the establishment of a movement that saw similar memorial avenues planted throughout Australia and also in the U.S.A., U.K., Canada and New Zealand. Using examples from municipal council minutes, correspondence and newspaper reports the spread of this form of memorial is followed from its infancy in South Australia through the Ballarat experience to Britain, North America and New Zealand. Following Australia‘s first plantings in 1915, there was a groundswell from many communities throughout Australia who adopted this form of memorialisation. Australian communities took control of their own need to honour their heroes, their local volunteers, in avenue of honour plantings. Following the example of Ballarat after 1917, this desire to plant memorial avenues became a movement. Examples of the growth of this memorial movement, while government aimed to control spending by curtailing ‗waste‘ on memorials, are outlined and analysed. The thesis also examines the symbolism of avenues against the perceived superior ‗worthiness‘ of later built memorials. By the time the movement declined in Australia, other countries were continued to plant avenues. The diminution, and eventual fall, from memory of many of these heritage landscapes is explored as a part of the politics of identity. In examining the arguments, the links between Ballarat‘s avenue and others throughout Australia, the respective Commonwealth countries as well as the U.S.A. are developed.Doctor of Philosophy
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Lecossois, Delphine. "La determination du prix : quelle harmonisation? quel avenir?" Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23911.
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Depending on the legal tradition one belongs to, the price is or is not a material term of contract. In American law, the Uniform Commercial Code expressly authorizes the open price contract. On the contrary, the French Civil Code forbids it and renders such a contract void for indefiniteness. This situation does not favor the international relations since, in many cases, the national courts seized read the international contract or law through the lenses of domestic law or principles.To avoid these consequences, a great harmonization has been undertaken since 1929. This effort resulted first in the adoption of the articles 14 and 55 of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods. However, these articles conflict with one another and this results in several possible interpretation by the national courts.
A work of harmonization has been completed since then by UNIDROIT and resulted in the adoption of the General Principles of International Commercial Contracts.
The purpose of this thesis is to criticize the open price system adopted by UNIDROIT and analyse the future of such a principle in the international and national settings.
Because of their extreme divergence this study will compare the Uniform Commercial Code's open price system and the French civil code.
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Anglade, Pierre. "Le tourisme en Algérie : passé, présent et avenir". Perpignan, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PERP0719.
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Après plus de 10 années de guerre civile, dans un contexte sécuritaire grandement amélioré mais où les consignes de sécurité sont encore nombreuses, le développement d'une économie aussi importante que celle du tourisme à l'échelle mondial peut être une opportunité pour le deuxième pays d'Afrique par sa superficie, l'Algérie. Elle est en effet une terre touristique par excellence, doté d'un littoral méditerranéen de 1200Kms, d'un patrimoine historique d'une grande richesse, d'un désert de renommé mondial… Pourtant, elle n'occupe que la 138ème position et ne représente que 1% du tourisme mondial. Pourquoi ?L’essor du tourisme a commencé au milieu du XXème siècle. Pour certains États, il est devenu un secteur essentiel de leur activité économique ; pour d’autres, le tourisme est demeuré un secteur peu considéré. L’Algérie fait partie de ces derniers. Pourrait-il en être autrement ? Le tourisme peut-il être une économie de substitution pour l'après-pétrole ? Comment mettre en place une politique touristique ? L'Algérie y est-elle prête ?Pour tenter d'y répondre, trois parties :Une partie offre présentant l’Algérie dans son environnement qu’il soit géographique, historique, économique et enfin touristique dans le but de réaliser un diagnostic complet et précis. Une partie demande avec des approches socio-économiques,quantitatives, qualitatives et prospectives pour avoir des éléments qui nous permettent de porter par la suite une réflexion globale d’anticipation sur l’avenir. Une partie orientations stratégiques choisies en fonction des problèmes-clefs pour le développement touristique. Elles seront suivies d’un scénario. Le tourisme peut-il être une chance pour l'Algérie ?After more than 10 years of civil war, in a sedentary context largely improved but where the security instructions are still numerous, the development of an economy as important as that tourism on the world scale can be an opportunity for the second country of Africa by its surface, Algeria. It is indeed a tourist ground by excellence, with a Mediterranean littoral of 1200Kms, a historical inheritance of great richness, a world famous desert … However, it occupies only the 138th position and accounts for only 1% of world tourism. Why? The rise of tourism started in the middle of the XXème century. For certain States, it became an essential sector of their economic activity; for others, tourism remained a sector little considered. Algeria belongs to this sector. Could it be different? Can tourism be a substitution after-oil incomes? How to introduce political tourism? Is Algeria ready? To try to answer, three components: An offering part presenting Algeria in its environment that is geographical, historical, economic and finally tourist with an aim of carrying out a complete and precise diagnosis. A requiring part with socio-economic approaches, quantitative, qualitative and antipation to have elements which enable us to carry out thereafter a total reflexion of anticipation towards the future. A strategist part according to key problems for tourist development, followed by a scenario. Can tourism be a chance for Algeria?
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Vigne-Videau, Marie-Christine. "Lubersac santé : un passé, un présent, un avenir". Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2M139.
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Martin, François. "L' avenir économique des secteurs occidentaux de Berlin". Montpellier 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MON10020.
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Ethuin, Annie Maxellende. "Un mouvement politique féminin : le C.F.E.I. - Femme avenir". Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100170.
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Ngonika, Maurice. "Ressources humaines et avenir de l'education au congo". Caen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CAEN1127.
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En 1989, le chomage des jeunes a atteint au congo,un niveau tel, qu'il est devenu socialement inacceptable. Ainsi avonsnous decide par cette etude,de mettre au clair et d'analyser la situation des ressources humaines. Il resulte que depuis 1960, la politique educative,est confrontee a une serie de difficultes liees a la gestion. Caracterisee par une fuite en avant,le manque de planification et de strategie realiste,cette politique a engendre des effets nefastes qui ont ruine l'efficacite du systeme educatif. Nous avons estime que la solution des problemes de l'emploi et du chomage,passe par une conception nouvelle de l'education,la domination des theories relatives a son organisation et a sa gestion,a la mise en place d'une strategie et des mesures de promotion de l'emploi
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Ayari, Souhir. "La désindustrialisation : quel avenir pour l'industrie en France ?" Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD037.
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La France fait partie des pays les plus touchés et menacés par la désindustrialisation. Les indicateurs économiques montrent d’importants changements de la structure économique de l’économie française depuis de nombreuses années. La diminution de l’emploi industriel français est incontestable. L’industrie manufacturière connait une forte baisse du nombre d’employés depuis 1974 (2 380 967 emplois perdus) et un déclin de sa part dans la valeur ajoutée globale (11,38% en 2016 contre 22,4% en 1970). Pour ces raisons, l’objectif de cette thèse est de déterminer les facteurs explicatifs de ce phénomène, d’étudier le rôle de l’innovation dans la désindustrialisation française et d’examiner l’impact réel et net de la délocalisation sur la baisse de l’emploi dans l’industrie manufacturière.Les déterminants de la désindustrialisation de l’industrie manufacturière française sont analysés à partir des données en panel en deux sous-périodes (avant crise et après crise).Notre échantillon est composé de 9364 entreprises observées sur la période 2000-2015. Les résultats des deux estimations (avant crise et après crise) confirment un impact négatif des coûts salariaux, de la productivité, des taux d’exportations, de la taille et de l’âge de l’entreprise sur l’emploi dans l’industrie manufacturière. Le taux de sous-traitance était non significatif avant la crise et il n’expliquait, donc, pas la variation de l’emploi de notre modèle.Cependant, après crise cette variable est devenue très significative (1%) et corrélée négativement avec la variation de l’emploi.Dans une deuxième étude, l’estimation d’un modèle CDM montre que l’innovation de produit a un impact positif et significatif sur l’emploi industriel. Cependant, l’innovation de procédé semble agir négativement sur l’évolution de l’emploi. Les entreprises qui réussissent des innovations procédés sont plus susceptibles à supprimer des emplois.Dans la dernière partie de la thèse, l’estimateur d’appariement sur le score de propension est appliqué pour mesurer l’impact réel net de la délocalisation sur la baisse de l’emploi et pour déterminer les caractéristiques des entreprises qui délocalisent le plus à partir d’un échantillon de 2270 entreprises appartenant à l’industrie manufacturière. Les résultats de cette estimation montrent que la délocalisation contribue plus à la baisse de l’emploi industriel après la crise de 2008. Entre 2002-2007, l’impact net de la délocalisation sur l’emploi est de 18 postes perdus en moyenne par entreprise. En revanche, cet impact est devenu beaucoup plus important dans la seconde période (2008-2014) avec 30 postes supprimés en moyenne par entreprise, soit une hausse de près de 67% de la contribution de la délocalisation à la suppression des emplois industriels au sein des entreprises. Les entreprises qui délocalisent le plus sont des entreprises : exportatrices, plus âgées, de grande taille, innovantes, elles appartiennent plus souvent aux secteurs automobiles et des biens d’équipement, elles ont des activités de R&D en coopération avec des entités européennes, indiennes ou chinoise.Concernant les motivations à la délocalisation, les entreprises qui délocalisent le plus sont celles qui sont à la recherche des salaires relativement plus faibles, une imposition et une réglementation plus avantageuses, de se rapprocher de marchés dynamiques et porteurs…France is one of the countries most affected by deindustrialization. The decline in French industrial employment is indisputable. The manufacturing industry has seen a sharp drop in the number of employees since 1974 (2,380,967 jobs lost) and a decline in its share in overall value added (11.38% in 2016, 22.4% in 1970). For these reasons, the aim of this thesis is to determine the explanatory factors for this phenomenon, to study the role of innovation in deindustrialization and to examine the impact of offshoring on the decline in employment in the manufacturing industry.The determinants of the deindustrialization of the French manufacturing industry are analyzed from the panel data in two sub-periods (before crisis and after crisis). Our sample consists of 9364 companies observed over the period 2000-2015. The results of the two estimates (beforethe crisis and after the crisis) confirm a negative impact of wage costs, productivity, exportrates, size and age of the company on employment in industry manufacturing. The outsourcing rate was insignificant before the crisis and therefore did not explain the variationin the use of our model. However, after the crisis, this variable became very significant (1%) and negatively correlated with employment. In a second study, the estimation of a CDM model shows that product innovation has a positive and significant impact on industrial employment. However, process innovation seems to be negatively affecting employment trends. Companies that are successful in process innovations are more likely to reduce the number of employees. In the last part of the thesis, the propensity score matching estimator is applied to measure the impact of offshoring on the decline in employment and to determine the characteristics of firms that relocate the most to from a sample of 2270 firms in the manufacturing industry. The results of this estimation show that offshoring contributes more to the decline in industrial employment after the 2008 crisis. Between 2002-2007, the net impact of offshoring on employment is 18 jobs lost on average per company. On the other hand, this impact became much greater in the second period (2008-2014) with an average of 30 jobs eliminated percompany. The companies that relocate the most are : exporting, older, innovative, they belong to the automotive and capital goods sectors, they have R & D activities in cooperation with European, Indian or Chinese companies
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Auphan, Étienne. "Quel avenir pour les réseaux ferrés d'Europe occidentale ? /". Paris : Ed. du Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35478558t.
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Mocé, Llivina Laura. "Avenços metodològics en la detecció de virus entèrics en aigües". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2389.
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Els tres primers capítols es dediquen al desenvolupament i aplicació del mètode Viraden. En el primer es prova d'optimitzar el mètode basant-nos en la modificació del medi overlay, per addició d'ions multivalents i/o de tripsina-EDTA o per addició del compost iode-deoxiuridina (IDU) al cultiu cel·lular en creixement. L'addició d'IDU millora la recuperació d'enterovirus.El mètode Viraden pot aplicar-se per a la detecció de clapes víriques damunt els filtres d'èsters de cel·lulosa emprant diferents tècniques moleculars, la hibridació amb sondes d'àcid nucleic i la immunodetecció. Ambdues tècniques permeten la detecció de les zones de lisi sobre el suport però hi ha una manca en la capacitat d'identificació que permeti una classificació ràpida dels diferents enterovirus.
L'adaptació del mètode Viraden a filtres de 90 mm de diàmetre permet una major aplicació del mètode per a diferents tipus de mostres ambientals.
Es desenvolupen diferents sistemes de clarificació i descontaminació basats en agents químics i en membranes filtrants. La descontaminació amb fenol combinada amb clarificació per filtració a través de filtres de baixa adsorció proteica (PVDF) de 0,65 µm de diàmetre de porus és un bon sistema per a la descontaminació de mostres d'efluent secundari quan s'aplica posteriorment l'enumeració de virus pel mètode Viraden. La filtració a través de filtres esterilitzants (0,22 µm) de baixa adsorció proteica (PVDF o PES) és un mètode vàlid per a l'obtenció de mostres descontaminades. Per a volums grans de mostres d'efluent secundari, riu i mar es recomana la clarificació per filtració a través de filtres de 0,65 µm PVDF.
Es valora la possibilitat d'aplicar el mètode Viraden per a la realització de test de desinfectants i antisèptics amb els virus adsorbits sobre un suport. Es compara l'acció de diferents desinfectants i antisèptics (clor, iode i glutaraldehid) sobre els virus adsorbits i en suspensió. Es detecta una diferència de 2 logaritmes entre els virus adsorbits i els virus en suspensió. Els virus adsorbits amb HR alta (>80%) persisteixen més que els virus en suspensió i aquests més que els virus adsorbits i mantinguts amb HR baixa (<50%).
Es descriu un nou mètode d'enumeració de virus cultivables consistent en la realització d'una doble capa. Sobre un cultiu confluent de cèl·lules es disposa una barreja composta per la suspensió viral a analitzar, una suspensió cel·lular (igual o diferent a la de la monocapa) i el medi overlay que conté agar. El mètode es compara amb altres mètodes d'enumeració de virus i en tots els casos apareix com el mètode que permet una major recuperació de virus, tant en suspensions de cultius purs de diferents enterovirus com en mostres ambientals. Quan s'utilitza la línia cel·lular CaCo-2 per a la preparació de la suspensió cel·lular s'obtenen majors recomptes de virus a partir de mostres d'aigua residual bruta i el tipus de virus diferents que s'identifiquen a partir d'aquest tipus de mostra és major.
Els virus cultivables sobre BGM en aigua residual bruta presenten increments en les densitats de virus durant els mesos de primavera. En aigua de mar els enterovirus correlacionen amb colifags somàtics (0,98). En el 76% de les mostres d'aigua de platja que compleixen amb els paràmetres microbiològics de qualitat bacteriològics inclosos a la Directiva 76/160/CEE es detecten enterovirus infecciosos en 10 litres.
A partir dels aïllaments d'enterovirus de mostres ambientals es procedeix a la seva identificació mitjançant tècniques de RT-PCR i RFLP i els resultats mostren que es detecten serotips d'enterovirus dels grups poliovirus, echovirus i coxsackievirus B.
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Bezerra, K??tia Floripes. "Preval??ncia da hipertens??o do avental branco e fatores associados". Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Sa??de P??blica, 2018. http://www7.bahiana.edu.br//jspui/handle/bahiana/2581.
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A Hipertens??o do Avental Branco (HAB) ?? uma condi????o cl??nica multifatorial caracterizada por n??veis elevados de Press??o Arterial no Consult??rio (PAC) que n??o se mant??m nas medidas realizadas fora da presen??a do m??dico. Os riscos de eventos cardiovasculares e metab??licos s??o semelhantes aos encontrados nos hipertensos. A literatura ?? controversa sobre o assunto, havendo escassez de estudos no nordeste do Brasil. A referida tese sera apresentada em artigos cientif??cos. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a preval??ncia da HAB e fatores associados na aten????o prim??ria. M??TODOS: Estudo observacional de coorte transversal. Foram estudados 178 pacientes com PAC???140/90mmHg, sem diagn??stico pr??vio de hipertens??o. Tais pacientes realizaram Monitoriza????o Residencial da Press??o Arterial (MRPA), sendo considerados portadores de HAB aqueles com m??dia de PA abaixo de 135/85 mmHg na vig??lia. Utilizamos o SPSS vers??o 20 para todas as an??lises estat??sticas. RESULTADOS: A preval??ncia de HAB encontrada foi de 46,63%; IC 95%: (39.38 - 53.98) entre indiv??duos com PAC???140/90mmHg. Indice de Massa Corporea (IMC), Rela????o Cintura Quadril (RCQ), Glicemia de jejum, triglic??rides e espessura das paredes do Ventr??culo Esquerdo n??o apresentaram diferen??a significativa quando comparados os grupos de HAB e hipertensos. Encontramos intera????o significativa entre antecedentes familiares de hipertens??o e etnia afrodescendente na regress??o log??stica. Ao dividir a amostra de acordo com a etnia, a presen??a de antecedentes familiares de hipertens??o em afrodescendentes aumentou sobremaneira a chance de ter HAB quando comparado ?? hipertensos. CONCLUS??O: A preval??ncia da HAB de 46,63% e as altera????es metab??licas desfavor??veis ocorreu de maneira similar em portadores de HAB e de Hipertenso. Analisando portadores de HAB e hipertensos negros, ficou evidente que ter antecedentes familiares de hipertens??o reflete uma alt??ssima chance de ter HAB em afrodescendentes.
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Rodrigues, Gustavo Partezani. "Vias públicas: tipo e construção em São Paulo (1898-1945)". Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16138/tde-25032010-093019/.
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Este trabalho consiste em uma leitura da formação e da expansão da cidade de São Paulo. Aborda diferentes tipos de vias públicas, originados de um processo de formação planejada, sob a ótica do projeto como instrumento qualificador e renovador da cidade, no período entre 1898 e 1945. Em seu desenvolvimento, o trabalho considera não só o conhecimento técnico empregado na construção das vias, ligado aos processos de circulação, mas também sua integração com outras questões urbanas prioritárias, como saneamento, transformação estética e forma de expansão territorial. Estrutura-se na coleta, organização e interpretação de dados, pautados sobre os planos urbanos existentes no período e fundamentados em critérios técnicos, legais e normativos, assim como na análise de destacados projetos urbanos, executados durante os anos de afirmação da cidade. A pesquisa identifica ainda dois tipos distintos de vias públicas projetadas na cidade e os exemplifica por meio do conhecimento técnico acumulado por seus autores e por meio do modelo de construção da Avenida Nove de Julho, como integrante do Sistema Y e eixo de expansão à região sudoeste da cidade. A perspectiva aqui exposta é a da formação de um repertório de ações e critérios de projeto quando do tratamento do espaço público, apoiada na observação da produção das gerações precedentes. Pretende com isto avaliar as condições de formação da estrutura viária paulistana a fim de estabelecer uma contribuição para as vias a serem recuperadas ou mesmo projetadas, identificando suas características qualitativas. O conhecimento sobre a forma do espaço e a reconstrução de sua história constitui, portanto, uma das maneiras de orientar a atual ação de projeto sobre a cidade contemporânea.This work intends to look at the formation and expansion of São Paulo city. It addresses different types of streets and avenues, originated from a process of planed formation, with focus on project as an instrumente that brings quality and innovation to the city, in the period from 1898 to 1945. In its development, the work considers not only the technical knowledge employed on the public ways - linked to the process of circulation - but also its integration with other prioritary urban issues such as sanitation, aesthetic transformations and options of territorial expansion. It is structured in data collection, organization and interpretation, based on the existing urban plans from that period and on technical, legal and regulatory criteria as well as on the analysis of important urban projects, executed during the years of the citys consolidation. The research also identifies two different types of public ways projected in the city, and exemplifies them by means of the authors accumulated knowledge and by the model of construction of the Nove de Julho Avenue, as an integrant of the Y system and axis of expansion to the southwest of the city. The perspective herein exposed is of the formation of a series of actions and project criteria for the treatment of the public space based on the observation of the production of the previous generations. The intention is to evaluate the conditions of way structure formation in São Paulo in order to establish a contribution to new public ways that will be projected or recovered, identifying its qualitative characteristics. The knowledge about the shape of the space and the reconstruction of its history is, therefore, one way of orienting the current projects of the contemporary city.
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Amaral, Graziella Ferecini Bueno. "Utilização de compostos elastoméricos à base de SBR carregados com barita em aventais isolantes de raios X". Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2011. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/2741.
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Previous issue date: 2011-03-17Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa
In this study it was studied the physical-mechanical properties of elastomers based on styrenebutadiene rubber (SBR) with the addition of barite, for application of these compounds in protecting in the shielding against radiation X, for the substitution of aprons form based on elastomer fillered with lead in ergonomic and economically advantageous conditions. Elastomeric compounds were studied with different barite concentrations [50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 phr (parts for hundred of rubber)]. The studied properties were: tensile strength, tensile modulus, tear strength, permanent deformation in compression, hardness, absorption of fluid, resilience, measure of rheology, morphological analysis and characterization of attenuating materials to radiation X. Results showed that all compositions exhibit good dispersion of the filler in the matrix. It was observed that with the increase barite concentration there is an increase in hardness beyond not causing significant alteration in the tensile strenght, in the elasticity, as well as in the resistance to the tearing of the material.
Neste trabalho foram estudadas as propriedades físico-mecânicas de elastômeros a base de borracha de estireno-butadieno (SBR) com a adição de barita, para aplicação destes compostos na proteção de blindagem contra a radiação X, para a substituição de aventais a base de elastômeros carregados com chumbo em condições ergonômicas e economicamente vantajosas. Foram estudados compostos elastoméricos com diferentes concentrações de barita [50, 75, 100, 125 e 150 phr (partes por cem de borracha)]. Entre as propriedades estudadas destacam-se: resistência à tração, módulo sob tração, resistência ao rasgo, deformação permanente à compressão, dureza, absorção de fluido, resiliência, medida de reologia, análise morfológica e caracterização de materiais atenuadores à radiação X. Os resultados mostraram que todas as composições apresentam uma boa dispersão da carga na matriz. Observou-se que com o aumento da concentração de barita há um aumento na dureza além de não causar alteração significativa na resistência à tração, na elasticidade, bem como na resistência ao rasgamento do material.
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Duarri, Piqué Anna. "Avenços en la fisiopatologia de la Leucoencefalopatia Megalencefàlica amb Quists subcorticals". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3630.
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La Leucoencefalopatia Megalencefàlica amb quists subcorticals (MLC) és un tipus de leucodistròfia espongiforme d'herència autosòmica recessiva. Està considerada una malaltia rara que es caracteritza per macrocefàlia els primers anys de vida, deteriorament de les funcions motores, atàxia i espasticitat, lleuger retràs mental i en alguns casos atacs epilèptics. El diagnòstic es fa per ressonància magnètica d'imatge ja que els pacients presenten la substància blanca anormalment difusa i quists subcorticals a la regió anterio-temporal i fronto-parietal. Es va descriure el primer gen causant de la malaltia, MLC1 mapat al cromosoma 22qtel, del qual s'han descrit més de 60 mutacions diferents. Però existeix un 20% dels pacients de MLC que no presenten mutacions en aquest gen, suggerint més d'un gen implicat a la malaltia. En l'actualitat encara no es coneix la funció de la proteïna MLC1. L'expressió de MLC1 és bàsicament en el sistema nerviós en ratolí, a astròcits i neurones. En la present tesi s'han generat tres anticossos contra la proteïna humana MLC1 per tal de caracteritzar l'expressió i localització de MLC1 en humans. MLC1 s'expressa a sistema nerviós central i perifèric en adult, principalment a astròcits perivasculars i concretament en la membrana en contacte entre els astròcits, amb petites diferències en l'etapa fetal on és predominantment expressió neuronal. Trobem una sobreexpressió de MLC1 en la zona de penombra en condicions d'infart cerebral. S'ha desenvolupat dos models cel·lulars per estudiar la fisiopatologia de MLC1. En el model primari d'astròcits, MLC1 es localitza als processos astrocitaris entre astròcits en unions complexes, formades per proteïnes d'unions tight, gap i adherents, colocalitzant i co¬immunoprecipitant amb ZO-1 i GlialCAM. La seva localització depèn dels microfilaments d'actina. En el model primari de neurones, MLC1 està localitzat al tracte axonal. L'estudi de les mutacions de MLC1 en el model astrocitari provoquen un defecte de plegament amb la retenció de la proteïna a reticle endoplasmàtic, sense poder arribar a membrana. MLC1 s'expressa a monòcits de sang perifèrica, una nova eina pel diagnòstic dels pacients. L'estudi de pacients de MLC amb diferents mutacions revelen una manca total de la proteïna MLC1. El model astrocitari knock-down de MLC1, utilitzant la tecnologia de RNA d'interferència i adenovirus, presenta canvis morfològics en els astròcits. La manca de MLC1 provoca una reducció de la mida cel·lular i l'aparició de vacuoles intracel·lulars. La seva expressió i localització es veu alterada per condicions hipoosmòtiques del medi. La sobreexpressió de MLC1 provoca un augment en la permeabilitat de l'aigua en els astròcits i una disminució de la capacitat de recuperar el volum cel·lular RVD (regulatory colume decrese) en condicions hipoosmòtiques, i en condicions fisiològiques, produeix una major sortida d'aspartat dels astròcits degut a l'activació dels VRACs (volume.regulated anion channels). La nostre hipòtesi és que MLC1 podria actuar com un canal d'aigua, un canal/transporador de Cl-o K+, o un VRAC.Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts (MLC) is a type of spongiform leukodystrophy with an autosomal recessive inheritance. It is considered a rare disease characterized by early life macrocephaly, impaired motor functions, ataxia and spasticity, slight mental delay and some cases of seizures. Magnetic resonance imaging is used as diagnostic of patients and shows abnormally diffuse white matter and subcortical cysts in the anterio-temporal and fronto-parietal regions. We describe the first gene causing the disease; MLC1 is mapped to chromosome 22qtel, which have been described more than 60 different mutations. But there is 20% of MLC patients who have no mutations in this gene, suggesting more than one gene involved in disease. The function of MLC1 protein is unknown. The expression of MLC1 is basically in the nervous system in mice, in neurons and astrocytes. In this thesis, we have generated three antibodies against MLC1 human protein to characterize the expression and localization of human MLC1. MLC1 is expressed in central and peripheral nervous system in adults, mainly in perivasculars astrocytes and specifically in the membrane contact between cells, with small differences in the fetal stage where it is predominantly neuronal expression. We found an overexpression of MLC1 in the penumbra zone of a cerebral stroke. We have developed two cell models to study the pathophysiology of MLC1. In the primary astrocytes model, MLC1 is localized in the astrocytic processes between astrocytes, in a complex junctions formed by proteins of tight, gap and adherent junctions, interacting with ZO-1 and GlialCAM. Its location depends on the actin microfilaments. In the model of primary neurons, MLC1 is located in axonal tracts. In the astrocytes model, mutations in MLC1 cause protein folding defects and an endoplasmic reticulum retention, unable to reach membrane. MLC1 is expressed in peripheral blood monocytes, a tool for the diagnosis of patients. Studies of different MLC1 mutations in patients with MLC reveal a total lack of MLC1 protein. The astrocyte knock-down model of MLC1, using RNA interference and adenovirus technology, produces cell morphological changes. The lack of MLC1 causes a reduction in cell size and the appearance of intracellular vacuoles. The expression and localization is altered by hypoosmotical extracellular conditions. In this conditions, the overexpression of MLC1 causes an increase in the permeability of water in astrocytes and a reduced ability to recover the cellular volume RVD (regulatory volume decrease), and under physiological conditions, it triggers a greater efflux of aspartate due to the activation of VRACs (volume-regulated anions channels). Our hypothesis is that MLC1 could act as a water channel, a channel or transporter of Cl-or K+, or a VRAC.
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Thalenberg, José Marcos [UNIFESP]. "Teste de respiração lenta no diagnóstico da hipertensão do avental branco". Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2006. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/21390.
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Previous issue date: 2006Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Objetivo: verificar se um teste de respiração lenta pode contribuir na identificação da hipertensão do avental branco. Desenho e Métodos: Neste estudo transversal de acurácia, foram avaliados 101 pacientes hipertensos, encaminhados ao Setor de Cardiopatia Hipertensiva da UNIFESP e sem lesão de órgãos-alvo ou comorbidades importantes. Após consulta de triagem, drogas anti-hipertensivas foram suspensas por duas a três semanas. Na seqüência, a pressão arterial foi medida imediatamente antes e após o teste em duas consultas distintas. O teste consiste em respirar durante um minuto na freqüência de 0.1Hz, um ciclo respiratório a cada 10 segundos. Foram comparados dois critérios de positividade: 1) queda da pressão diastólica ≥ 10% em pelo menos uma das consultas, ou 2) queda da pressão arterial para níveis de normalidade (<140/90mmHg) em pelo menos uma das consultas. Monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial foi realizada na seqüência e interpretada de maneira cega em relação às medidas de consultório. A hipertensão do avental branco foi definida como medidas de consultório ≥140/90mmHg e média ambulatorial de vigília <135/85mmHg. Resultados: A amostra consistiu de 71 mulheres e 30 homens com idade média de 51±10 anos. As médias pressóricas pré e pós-teste foram de 152 ± 17 / 96 ± 11 e 140 ± 18 / 92 ± 11mmHg. Nove pacientes tiveram medidas de consultório e ambulatoriais normais mesmo após a retirada dos medicamentos. De 92 pacientes, 28 (30%) foram classificados como hipertensão do avental branco. Destes, 15 testaram positivo para o Critério 1 e 21 para o Critério 2. Dentre os 64 (70%) pacientes hipertensos, 14 testaram positivo para o Critério 1 e 21 para o Critério 2. A sensibilidade e a especificidade (IC 95%) do TRL foi de 0.54 (0.36-0.71) e 0.78 (0.67-0.87) para o Critério 1 e 0.75 (0.57-0.87) e 0.81 (0.70-0.89) para o Critério 2, com razão de probabilidades positiva de 2.5 (1.4-4.4) para o Critério 1 e 4.0 (2.3–7.0) para o Critério 2, respectivamente. Conclusão: O teste de respiração lenta apresentou boa acurácia em duas visitas pelo critério de normalização da pressão arterial. Este achado sugere que este teste simples pode aumentar significantemente a suspeita da hipertensão do avental branco.
Objective: To determine whether the slow breath test may contribute on identifying white-coat hypertension. Design and Methods: On this cross-sectional accuracy study, 101 hypertensive outpatients without target organ damage from Unifesp Hypertension Clinic, Sao Paulo, Brazil, had drugs withdrawn for 2-3 weeks. Blood pressure was measured before and after the slow breath test on two visits. The test consists of slow breathing for 1 minute at a frequency of 0.1Hz (one breathing cycle each 10 sec). Positive responses: 1-diastolic pressure fall ≥10% on at least one visit or 2- blood pressure drop to pre-hypertensive levels (<140/90mmHg) on at least one visit. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was performed in a blind fashion. White-coat hypertension was defined as office measurements ≥140/90 mm Hg and ambulatory average daytime <135/85mmHg. Results: There were 71 women and 30 men, mean age 51±10 years. Mean pre and post-test BP: 152±17 /96±11 and 140±18 /92±11mmHg. Nine patients had normal office and ambulatory readings without drugs. Of 92 patients, 28 (30%) were classified as white-coat hypertension: 15 tested positive for Criterion 1 and 21 for Criterion 2. Among 64 (70%) hypertensive patients, 14 tested positive for Criterion 1 and 12 for Criterion 2. The sensitivity and specificity (95% CI) of SBT was 0.54 (0.36-0.71) and 0.78 (0.67-0.87) for Criterion 1 and 0.75 (0.57-0.87) and 0.81 (0.70-0.89) for Criterion 2, with a positive likelihood ratio of 2.5 (1.4-4.4) for Criterion 1 and 4.0 (2.3-7.0) for Criterion 2, respectively. Conclusion: The slow breath test showed good accuracy on two visits when using the pre-hypertensive level criterion. This finding suggests that this simple test can significantly increase the suspicion of white-coat-hypertension.
02/03124-8
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
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Faure, Ghislaine. "Planification hierarchisee en avenir incertain : le concept de robustesse". Toulouse 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU30093.
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Etude de la planification a moyen terme de la production et particulierement dans le cas de la planification hierarchisee a deux niveaux en avenir incertain. On introduit et on definit les concepts de robustesse et de coherence en presence de demandes incertaines. On etudie deux modeles classiques de planification hierarchisee "ressources-production" et la planification hierarchisee "agregation-desagregation". Dans les deux cas on obtient des conditions necessaires et suffisantes de robustesses et de coherence
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Gasse, Stéphanie. "L'éducation non formelle, quel avenir ? : regard sur le Mali". Rouen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUEL611.
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Questionner l'évolution de l'éducation non formelle dans le défi de scolarisation pour tous et la lutte contre l'analphabétisme, nous a conduit à positionner notre recherche sur les caractéristiques de l'offre éducative au Mali. Ce pays, en optant pour une école démocratique dans un contexte décentralisé, fait un choix très clair quant à l'importance du rôle et de la place des communautés, pour réaliser un changement profond et reconstruire son système éducatif, là où le nombre de structures communautaires d'éducation de base dépasse le nombre de structures publiques. L'éducation non formelle, système autonome et alternatif au système institutionnel dominant est appréhendée à travers une enquête menée auprès de deux types d'acteurs : les experts de l'éducation en tant que partenaires techniques et financiers et les ONG éducatives en tant qu'acteurs opérationnels de la coopération décentralisée au Mali. Les résultats témoignent de la nécessité de construire une dynamique partenariale maîtrisée qui prend en compte les différents acteurs. Pourtant l'éducation non formelle, acteur incontournable, complémentaire et indissociable du système éducatif, a du mal à s'imposer car l'éducation formelle ne l'accepte pas comme partenaire à égalité. Si son absence de statut la marginalise au rang de parent pauvre de l'éducation, son caractère innovant lui confère une plus grande flexibilité pour répondre aux besoins de ceux que le droit à l'éducation n'atteint pas. L'articulation progressive éducation formelle - non formelle apparaît dès lors au cœur d'une réflexion contemporaine qui enrichit la réflexion sur l'écoleQuestioning the development of non formal education within the challenge of schooling for all along with the struggle against illiteracy, led us to focus our research on the characteristics of educational opportunities in Mali. By opting for a democratic school within a decentralized context, this country made a very clear choice, regarding the importance and role of communities in achieving a profound change and rebuilding its educational system, in an environment where the amount of basic educational communities exceeds the number of public structures. Non formal education, an autonomous institutional alternative, is addressed through a survey using two types of actors : education experts as technical and financial partners as well as educational NGOs as operational participants of decentralised cooperation in Mali. The results demonstrate the need to build a dynamic partnership taking into account both participants. Yet non formal education, a complementary and inseparable actor of educational systems, is struggling to prevail since it fails to be considered an equal partner to formal education. Although its lack of status marginalizes it, its innovative nature confers it greater flexibility so as to meet the needs of those whom the right to education does not reach. The gradual combination “formal/non formal education” appears therefore at the heart of a contemporary reflection which enriches the reflection on the school
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Leoni-Panier, Laure. "Développement et avenir de la prévention des risques professionnels". Toulouse 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU10065.
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En écho à la complexification perpétuelle du monde du travail, les risques professionnels connaissent une profonde mutation. En une décennie, la prévention de ces risques s’est affirmée comme l’enjeu majeur de toutes les politiques de santé au travail. Une nouvelle dynamique s’est mise en place, confortée par le droit européen, visant d’une part à mieux prendre en compte les risques émergents et d’autre part, à conjuguer prévention et réparation dans le souci d’une approche efficiente du traitement des risques. Le curseur s’est ainsi déplacé d’une logique quasi curative et réparatrice, dont le souci était d’assurer l’indemnisation des risques, vers une logique de prévention dont le régime juridique s’est progressivement enrichi de nombreux outils spécifiques. On peut citer en ce sens le développement considérable de l’obligation de sécurité de résultat, la redéfinition de la faute inexcusable et de ses éléments probatoires, les normes qui permettent d’identifier les risques psychosociaux et leur impact, leur repérage pour ensuite agir afin de les réduire sans oublier, dans une approche plus classique, les sanctions civiles et pénales du manquement à toutes ces obligations pesant désormais sur le chef d’entreprise. En définitive, la prévention des risques professionnels mobilise toute une série d’acteurs, dans et hors entreprise, faisant de cette politique une des grandes causes nationales. C’est à ce prix que le travail conservera tout son sensIn reference to a constant complexification of the world of work, professional risks are in perpetual transformation. In a decade, the prevention of these risks asserted itself as the major stake in all the health policies in the work. A new dynamics was organized, consolidated by the European law, aiming on one hand at taking into account better the emergent risks and on the other hand, at conjugating prevention and repair to care about of an efficient approach of the treatment of the risks. The cursor so moved of an almost curative and repair logic, in order to assure the compensation of the risks, towards a logic of prevention the legal regime of which gradually grew rich of numerous specific tools. We can quote this way the considerable development of the obligation of safety of result, the redefining of the unforgivable fault and its probationary elements, the standards which allow to identify the psychosocial risks and their impact, their location to act then to reduce them without forgetting, in a more classic approach, the civil and penal penalties of the negligence with all these obligations pressing henceforth on the employers. After all, the prevention of professional risks mobilizes a whole series of actors, in and except company, making of this politics one of the big national causes. It is at this price that the work will preserve all its sense
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Faure, Ghislaine. "Planification hiérarchisée en avenir incertain le concept de robustesse". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37597547s.
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