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Khudov, Hennadii, Serhii Yarosh, Oleksandr Droban, Oleksandr Lavrut, Yurii Hulak, Ivan Porokhnia, Serhii Yarovyi, Alexandr Rogulia, Iryna Yuzova i Rostyslav Khudov. "Development of a direct penetrating signal compensator in a distributed reception channel of a surveillance radar". Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 2, nr 9 (110) (30.04.2021): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.228133.
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General structure of a compensator of a direct penetrating signal in the diversed reception channel was developed. It is advisable to use the antenna and the receiver of the auxiliary diverted reception channel as an auxiliary antenna and an auxiliary channel. To be able to suppress the penetrating signal in the band of the receiving device of the surveillance radar, distance between the antennas should be up to 6 m. In general, the compensator of the penetrating signals should contain an adder in which the signals received by the main channel are added with the signals received by the auxiliary channel and sent through the amplifier with a corresponding complex transmission coefficient. The direct penetration signal compensator features the obligatory condition of adjusting the value of the complex transmission coefficient of the auxiliary channel signal amplifier. The direct penetration signal compensator is digital and uses the direct method of forming weighting coefficients without the use of feedback. To reduce the time of formation of weighting coefficients when using direct methods of calculation of the correlation matrix, the technology of parallel computational processes was used. The quality of operation of the direct penetrating signal suppression system in the diverted reception channel was evaluated. It was established that without the use of suppression of direct penetrating signals, their powerful response at the output of the matched filter mask weak echo signals. When using a direct penetrating signal in the main channel of the compensator, its response at the output of the matched filter is significantly reduced. This makes it possible to observe weak echoes against the background of a strong penetrating signal. The use of the developed direct penetrating signal compensator provides suppression of the direct penetrating signal from 57 dB to 70 dB
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Feng, Yongxin, Shunchao Fei, Fang Liu i Bo Qian. "SSCM: An Unambiguous Acquisition Algorithm for CBOC Modulated Signal". Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5381789.
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Composite binary offset carrier (CBOC) signal has been widely researched in GNSS. The main ingredient of CBOC signal is BOC(1,1) signal. Usually, the acquisition method for BOC(1,1) signal is used to capture CBOC signal, while the research of special acquisition method for CBOC signal is rare. In this letter, according to the principle and characteristics of CBOC signal, a special side-peak cancellation method (SSCM) is proposed and simulated. In this method, two special auxiliary signals are introduced. And the local reference signals are obtained by multiplying the data channel signal and pilot channel signal by the auxiliary signals. The cross-correlation results from the received pilot signal and the two local pilot signals with different auxiliary signals will subtract from one another. Then, side peaks of correlation function and in-band noise of pilot channel are suppressed, while the data channel has the same operation results. At last the outputs of pilot channel and data channel will be added up to make full use of the received signal power. By this way, the acquisition efficiency, accuracy, and adaptability to low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions for CBOC signal have been improved, alongside possible solution when the GNSS receiver works in a critical environment.
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Duan, Li, Jianxian Cai, Juan Liang, Danqi Chen i Xiaoye Sun. "Identification and Analysis of Non-Stationary Time Series Signals Based on Data Preprocessing and Deep Learning". Traitement du Signal 39, nr 5 (30.11.2022): 1703–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ts.390528.
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Deep learning is not the most accurate way for recognizing time series signals, and it is unable to identify non-stationary time series signals with numerous chaotic classes. Moreover, the signal detection benefits from data preprocessing have gone unnoticed. Therefore, this paper investigates the detection and analysis of non-stationary time series signals using deep learning and data preprocessing. The fitting model of the historical stationarity index is built based on the Gaussian mixture model of single Gaussian models, and the change point of the non-stationary time series signal is detected. To further increase the signal's recognition rate, the non-stationary time series signal is preprocessed using the truncated migration algorithm. The main classification task and the auxiliary classification tasks are constructed to identify non-stationary time series signals characterized by huge chaotic classes through multi-task learning. The efficiency of the suggested method and model is validated by experimental data.
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Yin, Shu Hua. "Design of the Auxiliary Speech Recognition System of Super-Short-Range Reconnaissance Radar". Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (maj 2014): 4830–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.4830.
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To improve the usability and operability of the hybrid-identification reconnaissance radar for individual use, a voice identification System was designed. By using SPCE061A audio signal microprocessor as the core, a digital signal processing technology was used to obtain Doppler radar signals of audio segments by audio cable. Afterwards, the A/D acquisition was conducted to acquire digital signals, and then the data obtained were preprocessed and adaptively filtered to eliminate background noises. Moreover, segmented FFT transforming was used to identify the types of the signals. The overall design of radar voice recognition for an individual soldier was thereby fulfilled. The actual measurements showed that the design of the circuit improved radar resolution and the accuracy of the radar identification.
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Chen, Lijiang, Zhendong Mo, Jie Ren, Chunfeng Cui i Qi Zhao. "An Electroglottograph Auxiliary Neural Network for Target Speaker Extraction". Applied Sciences 13, nr 1 (29.12.2022): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13010469.
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The extraction of a target speaker from mixtures of different speakers has attracted extensive amounts of attention and research. Previous studies have proposed several methods, such as SpeakerBeam, to tackle this speech extraction problem using clean speech from the target speaker to provide information. However, clean speech cannot be obtained immediately in most cases. In this study, we addressed this problem by extracting features from the electroglottographs (EGGs) of target speakers. An EGG is a laryngeal function detection technology that can detect the impedance and condition of vocal cords. Since EGGs have excellent anti-noise performance due to the collection method, they can be obtained in rather noisy environments. In order to obtain clean speech from target speakers out of the mixtures of different speakers, we utilized deep learning methods and used EGG signals as additional information to extract target speaker. In this way, we could extract target speaker from mixtures of different speakers without needing clean speech from the target speakers. According to the characteristics of the EGG signals, we developed an EGG_auxiliary network to train a speaker extraction model under the assumption that EGG signals carry information about speech signals. Additionally, we took the correlations between EGGs and speech signals in silent and unvoiced segments into consideration to develop a new network involving EGG preprocessing. We achieved improvements in the scale invariant signal-to-distortion ratio improvement (SISDRi) of 0.89 dB on the Chinese Dual-Mode Emotional Speech Database (CDESD) and 1.41 dB on the EMO-DB dataset. In addition, our methods solved the problem of poor performance with target speakers of the same gender and the different between the same gender situation and the problem of greatly reduced precision under the low SNR circumstances.
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Wang, Lintao, Kun Hu, Lei Bai, Yu Ding, Wanli Ouyang i Zhiyong Wang. "Multi-Scale Control Signal-Aware Transformer for Motion Synthesis without Phase". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, nr 5 (26.06.2023): 6092–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i5.25752.
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Synthesizing controllable motion for a character using deep learning has been a promising approach due to its potential to learn a compact model without laborious feature engineering. To produce dynamic motion from weak control signals such as desired paths, existing methods often require auxiliary information such as phases for alleviating motion ambiguity, which limits their generalisation capability. As past poses often contain useful auxiliary hints, in this paper, we propose a task-agnostic deep learning method, namely Multi-scale Control Signal-aware Transformer (MCS-T), with an attention based encoder-decoder architecture to discover the auxiliary information implicitly for synthesizing controllable motion without explicitly requiring auxiliary information such as phase. Specifically, an encoder is devised to adaptively formulate the motion patterns of a character's past poses with multi-scale skeletons, and a decoder driven by control signals to further synthesize and predict the character's state by paying context-specialised attention to the encoded past motion patterns. As a result, it helps alleviate the issues of low responsiveness and slow transition which often happen in conventional methods not using auxiliary information. Both qualitative and quantitative experimental results on an existing biped locomotion dataset, which involves diverse types of motion transitions, demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. In particular, MCS-T is able to successfully generate motions comparable to those generated by the methods using auxiliary information.
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Shi, Yawei, Hongjuan Wu i Chuandong Li. "Constrained hybrid control for parametric uncertainty systems via step-function method". Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 19, nr 11 (2022): 10741–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2022503.
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<abstract><p>In this paper, considering that sometimes signal transmission may be interrupted, or signal input errors may occur, we establish a novel class of parametric uncertainty hybrid control system models including the impulsive control signals under saturated inputs, which can reflect the signal transmission process more realistically. Based on the step-function method, improved polytopic representation approach and Schur complement, we find the stability conditions, which are less conservative than those with the traditional Lyapunov method, of the considered control system. In addition, we investigate the design of the control gains and the auxiliary control gains for easily finding the suitable control signals, the auxiliary signals and the estimation of the attraction domain. Moreover, our proposed methods are applied to the fixed time impulse problems of uncertain systems with or without Zeno behavior. Simulation results for the uncertain neural network systems are presented to show the feasibility and effectiveness of our stabilization methods using the step-function.</p></abstract>
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Zarudnaya, M. I., A. L. Potyahaylo, I. M. Kolomiets i D. M. Hovorun. "Auxiliary elements of mammalian pre-mRNAs polyadenylation signals". Biopolymers and Cell 18, nr 6 (20.11.2002): 500–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/bc.00062e.
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Petrović, R. "5B6B optical fibre line code bearing auxiliary signals". Electronics Letters 24, nr 5 (1988): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19880183.
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Junyu Wei, Junyu Wei, Jiangyi Qin Jiangyi Qin, Zhiping Huang Zhiping Huang i and Xiaojun Guo and Xiaojun Guo. "Simultaneous optical signal to noise ratio and symbol rate estimation with blind chromatic dispersion compensation for auxiliary amplitude modulation optical signals". Chinese Optics Letters 14, nr 9 (2016): 090603–90607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201614.090603.
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Gong, Tao, Jianhua Yang, Miguel A. F. Sanjuán, Houguang Liu i Zhen Shan. "Vibrational resonance by using a real-time scale transformation method". Physica Scripta 97, nr 4 (17.03.2022): 045207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ac5bc5.
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Abstract Vibrational resonance (VR) shows great advantages in signal enhancement. Nonlinear frequency modulated (NLFM) signals widely exist in various fields, so it is of great significance to enhance a NLFM signal. However, for the complex NLFM signal, where its instantaneous frequency of the signal varies nonlinearly, the traditional VR method is no longer applicable. To solve this problem, a rescaled VR method by a real-time scale transformation method is proposed. Its basic principle is to use the real-time scale coefficient and auxiliary signal parameters to match a NLFM signal in a nonlinear system. The corresponding numerical simulation is carried out to process three kinds of typical NLFM signals. The results manifest the excellent performance of the proposed method for the signal enhancement of NLFM signals. The method can process NLFM signals with an arbitrary frequency variation. Consequently, it has certain theoretical and practical values in some fields.
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Li, Jun Ming, Tao Niu, Hong Xiao Si, Song Shan Hui, Yu Tian Zhou i Shu Han Wang. "Research on Static Var Compensator Control System Based on SIMATIC - TDC". Advanced Materials Research 1049-1050 (październik 2014): 783–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1049-1050.783.
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This paper proposes a new static var compensator control system with SIMATIC-TDC as the master controller and DSP as the auxiliary controller. Siemens TDC is a high-end controller with excellent data processing capacity, which can satisfy the current reactive compensation control algorithm to finish open loop and close loop control. Meanwhile, the programming configuration software is also fully featured, and widely applied in smelting, chemical and power industries. However, the auxiliary controller consisting of DSP and CPLD can quickly finish precise processing of signals (such as high-frequency sampling and signal frequency spectrum analysis). The static var compensation control system consisting of the master controller and the auxiliary controller has now been applied in many projects, achieving sound compensation effect.
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KRIUCHKOVA, LARYSA, IVAN TSMOKANYCH i MAKSYM VOVK. "ADVANCED METHOD OF PROTECTION OF CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION FROM INTERCEPTION BY HIGH-FREQUENCY IMPOSITION METHODS". Computer systems and information technologies, nr 3 (14.04.2022): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/csit-2021-5-2.
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The processes of formation of technical channels of leakage of confidential information on objects of information activity by methods of high-frequency imposition, physical essence of process of formation of dangerous signals by modulation of probing high-frequency signal by acoustic signals, conditions of formation of basic and auxiliary technical means and systems of dangerous signals are considered. As a basis for improvement, a method of blocking information interception channels by high-frequency imposition is used, in which target active noise protection signals are introduced into the medium used to supply probing oscillations, aimed at destroying informative parameters of dangerous signal with different types of carrier modulation. It is proposed to form a set of protective signals for the destruction of informative parameters of dangerous signals both on the fundamental frequency and on the combinational harmonics of the probing signal, which provides more effective protection of confidential information from interception. The parameters of effective noise protection signals, capable of destroying the informative parameters of dangerous signals of high-frequency imposition on the fundamental frequency and combinational harmonics of the probing signal, have been determined by mathematical and simulation modelling. Basic recommendations for the formation of protective signals are formulated.
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Hu, Yan Jun, Lei Yang, Xin De Cao i Guan Jun Wang. "Attack Algorithm on Watermarking with Public Watermark Detection". Advanced Materials Research 121-122 (czerwiec 2010): 423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.121-122.423.
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This paper proposes an attack algorithm for digital image watermarking based on independent component analysis (ICA). The paper gives a briefly introduction about ICA algorithm, and expatiates on the attack algorithm which we proposed. The algorithm uses an auxiliary image to remove the watermark signal from the host image based on blind signal separation technology. The paper also does some experiment to attack the watermark algorithm proposed by I J. Cox. The results show that this attack algorithm not only removes most of the digital watermark information, but also has little effect on the image’s peak signal to noise ratio. The paper also discusses the attack algorithm for different watermark signals and different auxiliary images; the effect of this attack algorithm is feasible.
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Fang, Tang, Li Pan, Xie Jianghui i Li Peixin. "A fault identification method for marine auxiliary machinery". E3S Web of Conferences 165 (2020): 05016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016505016.
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A large number of auxiliary equipment is set up on the shipping system, most of them is rotating machinery and in working state for most of the time, it is very important to identify health condition of equipment to find early damage and avoid fatal failure. Acoustic emission is based on rapid release of energy in case of material deformation or cracking. Auxiliary equipment will continue to emit acoustic signals, which is collected by means of a protable detection device in this paper, parameters like RMS, Peak Factor are calculated to identify health condition in time domain. Through laboratory simulation test and real ship test, the result shows that by comparing the parameters of acoustic emission signal, health condition or its change trend can be obtained, early failure of equipment can be prevented.
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Alkhoury, Ludvik, JiWon Choi, Vishnu D. Chandran, Gabriela B. De Carvalho, Saikat Pal i Moshe Kam. "Dual Wavelength Photoplethysmography Framework for Heart Rate Calculation". Sensors 22, nr 24 (17.12.2022): 9955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22249955.
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The quality of heart rate (HR) measurements extracted from human photoplethysmography (PPG) signals are known to deteriorate under appreciable human motion. Auxiliary signals, such as accelerometer readings, are usually employed to detect and suppress motion artifacts. A 2019 study by Yifan Zhang and his coinvestigatorsused the noise components extracted from an infrared PPG signal to denoise a green PPG signal from which HR was extracted. Until now, this approach was only tested on “micro-motion” such as finger tapping. In this study, we extend this technique to allow accurate calculation of HR under high-intensity full-body repetitive “macro-motion”. Our Dual Wavelength (DWL) framework was tested on PPG data collected from 14 human participants while running on a treadmill. The DWL method showed the following attributes: (1) it performed well under high-intensity full-body repetitive “macro-motion”, exhibiting high accuracy in the presence of motion artifacts (as compared to the leading accelerometer-dependent HR calculation techniques TROIKA and JOSS); (2) it used only PPG signals; auxiliary signals such as accelerometer signals were not needed; and (3) it was computationally efficient, hence implementable in wearable devices. DWL yielded a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 1.22|0.57 BPM, Mean Absolute Error Percentage (MAEP) of 0.95|0.38%, and performance index (PI) (which is the frequency, in percent, of obtaining an HR estimate that is within ±5 BPM of the HR ground truth) of 95.88|4.9%. Moreover, DWL yielded a short computation period of 3.0|0.3 s to process a 360-second-long run.
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Zhu, Wenliang, Gang Ma, Lesong Zheng, Yuhang Chen, Lishen Qiu i Lirong Wang. "Inter-patient arrhythmia identification method with RR-intervals and convolutional neural networks". Physiological Measurement 43, nr 3 (31.03.2022): 035003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6579/ac58de.
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Abstract Objective. The arrhythmia identification method based on the U-net has the potential for fast application. The RR-intervals have been proven to improve the performance of single-heartbeat identification methods. However, because both the heartbeats number and location in the input of the U-net are unfixed, the approach based on the U-net cannot use RR-intervals directly. To solve this problem, we proposed a novel method. The proposed method also can identify heartbeats of four classes, including non-ectopic (N), supraventricular ectopic beat (SVEB), ventricular ectopic beat (VEB), and fusion beat (F). Approach. Our method consists of the pre-processing and the two-stage identification framework. In the pre-processing part, we filtered input signals with a band-pass filter and created the auxiliary waveforms by RR-intervals. In the first stage of the framework, we designed a network to handle input signals and auxiliary waveforms. We proposed a masking operation to separate the input signal into two signals according to the result of the network. The first signal contains heartbeats of SVEB and VEB. The second signal includes heartbeats of N and F. The second stage consists of two networks and can further identify the heartbeats of SVEB, VEB, N, and F from these two signals. Main result. We validated our method on the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database with the inter-patient model. For classes N, SVEB, VEB, and F, our approach achieved F1 scores of 98.26, 68.61, 95.99, and 47.75, respectively. Significance. Our method not only can effectively utilize RR intervals but also can identify multiple arrhythmias.
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Penhallurick, John M. "The Semantics of Auxiliary Do". Studies in Language 9, nr 3 (1.01.1985): 311–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.9.3.02pen.
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The meaningfulness of auxiliary do has important implications for linguistic theory. Do signals a presupposition that some question attaches in some way to the event designated by the verb. Although useful as an auxiliary, do is semantically appropriate in all the contexts in which it is used (questions, negation, other cases of auxiliary inversion, affirmation and imperatives). Considerations of value — in particular, the relation of do to indicative forms — are important in understanding its use. The meaning proposed casts light on the origins of auxiliary do, which in turn explains some of the synchronic peculiarities of the sign.
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Ji, Yuanfa, Ying Zhang, Xiyan Sun, Xizi Jia i Jingjing Li. "Enhanced Synchronization Algorithms for BOC Signals Based on Reconstructed Sub-Correlation Functions". Electronics 12, nr 13 (27.06.2023): 2839. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12132839.
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Aiming at the ambiguous synchronization of binary offset carrier (BOC) and composite binary offset carrier (CBOC) modulation signals due to secondary peaks for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), a reconstructed sub-correlation function synchronization algorithm (RSSA) for BOC and CBOC is proposed. The general autocorrelation subfunctions of BOC and CBOC are obtained by deriving the subfunctions of the cross-correlation function between BOC signals with different modulation orders. According to the characteristics of the subfunctions, the corresponding reconstruction rules are set to obtain the unambiguous correlation functions. To further reduce the complexity of the local auxiliary signal, a local auxiliary signal optimization algorithm (LASOA) is proposed based on RSSA, which only needs to generate a local two-level signal compared to the conventional CBOC local four-level signal. The simulations show that the two algorithms proposed in this paper reduce the amplitude of the side peaks of the normalized correlation peaks of BOC by at least 0.09 compared with the autocorrelation side-peak cancellation technique (ASPeCT), maintain a high detection probability, and the multipath error is smaller than that of the autocorrelation side-peak cancellation technique (ASPeCT) and other traditional algorithms. The phase discrimination curves show that the linear region slope gains of the two algorithms in this paper are above 2 dB compared with the ASPeCT and other conventional algorithms.
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D'Souza, Kiran, i Bogdan I. Epureanu. "Nonlinear feedback auxiliary signals for system interrogation and damage detection". Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 464, nr 2100 (29.07.2008): 3129–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2008.0072.
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Recently, a sensitivity-enhancement technique for system interrogation using linear controllers and eigenstructure assignment has been extended from linear to nonlinear systems. Nonlinearities have been accounted for by forming (higher dimensional) augmented systems that are designed for each trajectory of the nonlinear system, and are characterized by a specific forcing which ensures that the augmented systems follow that trajectory (when projected onto the original lower dimensional space). The use of system augmentation has several benefits beyond its ability to handle nonlinearities. For example, sensitivity can be increased compared with existing linear techniques through nonlinear feedback auxiliary signals (NFASs) because the constraint that the system is stable during its interrogation has to be applied only to the linearized closed-loop system, while the augmented linear system does not have that constraint. In this work, NFASs are designed for interrogating linear systems. System augmentation is used in a linear system because a nonlinear controller is employed to enhance sensitivity. In addition to the increased sensitivity, fewer controller actuator points and sensors are required compared with existing linear techniques due to the efficient use of added (augmented) equations. To demonstrate the approach, damage detection is considered as an application. Numerical simulations for linear mass–spring and mass–spring–damper systems are used to validate the approach and discuss the effects of noise.
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Wen, Yu-Che, Senfar Wen, Long Hsu i Sien Chi. "Auxiliary Reference Samples for Extrapolating Spectral Reflectance from Camera RGB Signals". Sensors 22, nr 13 (29.06.2022): 4923. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22134923.
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Surface spectral reflectance is useful for color reproduction. In this study, the reconstruction of spectral reflectance using a conventional camera was investigated. The spectrum reconstruction error could be reduced by interpolating camera RGB signals, in contrast to methods based on basis spectra, such as principal component analysis (PCA). The disadvantage of the interpolation method is that it cannot interpolate samples outside the convex hull of reference samples in the RGB signal space. An interpolation method utilizing auxiliary reference samples (ARSs) to extrapolate the outside samples is proposed in this paper. The ARSs were created using reference samples and color filters. The convex hull of the reference samples and ARSs was expanded to enclose outside samples for extrapolation. A commercially available camera was taken as an example. The results show that with the proposed method, the extrapolation error was smaller than that of the computationally time-consuming weighted PCA method. A low cost and fast detection speed for spectral reflectance recovery can be achieved using a conventional camera.
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Ma, Mingjun, Yan Zhang, Tianyu Zhao, Wancheng Zhang i Zunwen He. "Controllable Wireless Spoofing Attack Based on Conditional BEGAN and Auxiliary Channel Sensing". Electronics 12, nr 1 (26.12.2022): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12010084.
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This paper investigates how to build a controllable wireless spoofing attack launch framework that is driven by fundamental channel modeling and practical wireless datasets. First, we propose a wireless spoofing attack scheme against the defense mechanism with adversarial deep learning. To obtain channel characteristics and facilitate offline training of the attack model, auxiliary channel sensing is proposed with fundamental channel modeling. Based on these, a conditional boundary equilibrium generative adversarial network (CBEGAN) is designed with adversarial autoencoder (AAE), which takes true labels of signals and channel characteristics as conditions and enables the generation of controllable spoofing signals to fool the protected legitimate classifier. We verify the performance of the proposed spoofing attack scheme with CBEGAN and channel sensing by using wireless datasets, which contain signal data of multiple emitters and modulation types. Results show that the proposed scheme outperforms random attack, replay attack, and the recent attack scheme based on generative adversarial network (GAN) when a single legitimate emitter sends a fixed modulation type. It is also shown that the average attack success probability of the proposed CBEGAN attack model can reach more than 80% while mimicking multiple emitters and modulation types. The performance of the proposed scheme on different channel conditions including signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and K-factor of the Rician fading channel is evaluated.
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Becker, Florent, Tom Besson, Jérôme Durand-Lose, Aurélien Emmanuel, Mohammad-Hadi Foroughmand-Araabi, Sama Goliaei i Shahrzad Heydarshahi. "Abstract Geometrical Computation 10". ACM Transactions on Computation Theory 13, nr 1 (marzec 2021): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3442359.
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Signal machines form an abstract and idealized model of collision computing. Based on dimensionless signals moving on the real line, they model particle/signal dynamics in Cellular Automata. Each particle, or signal , moves at constant speed in continuous time and space. When signals meet, they get replaced by other signals. A signal machine defines the types of available signals, their speeds, and the rules for replacement in collision. A signal machine A simulates another one B if all the space-time diagrams of B can be generated from space-time diagrams of A by removing some signals and renaming other signals according to local information. Given any finite set of speeds S we construct a signal machine that is able to simulate any signal machine whose speeds belong to S . Each signal is simulated by a macro-signal , a ray of parallel signals. Each macro-signal has a main signal located exactly where the simulated signal would be, as well as auxiliary signals that encode its id and the collision rules of the simulated machine. The simulation of a collision, a macro-collision , consists of two phases. In the first phase, macro-signals are shrunk, and then the macro-signals involved in the collision are identified and it is ensured that no other macro-signal comes too close. If some do, the process is aborted and the macro-signals are shrunk, so that the correct macro-collision will eventually be restarted and successfully initiated. Otherwise, the second phase starts: the appropriate collision rule is found and new macro-signals are generated accordingly. Considering all finite sets of speeds S and their corresponding simulators provides an intrinsically universal family of signal machines.
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Zhang, Zhao, i Xiao He. "Fault-Structure-Based Active Fault Diagnosis: A Geometric Observer Approach". Energies 13, nr 17 (31.08.2020): 4475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174475.
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Fault diagnosis techniques can be classified into passive and active types. Passive approaches only utilize the original input and output signals of the system. Because of the small amplitudes, the characteristics of incipient faults are not fully represented in the data of the system, so it is difficult to detect incipient faults by passive fault diagnosis techniques. In contrast, active methods can design auxiliary signals for specific faults and inject them into the system to improve fault diagnosis performance. Therefore, active fault diagnosis techniques are utilized in this article to detect and isolate incipient faults based on the fault structure. A new framework based on observer approach for active fault diagnosis is proposed and the geometric approach based fault diagnosis observer is introduced to active fault diagnosis for the first time. Based on the dynamic equations of residuals, auxiliary signals are designed to enhance the diagnosis performance for incipient faults that have specific structures. In addition, the requirements that auxiliary signals need to meet are discussed. The proposed method can realize the seamless combination of active fault diagnosis and passive fault diagnosis. Finally, a numerical example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, and it is indicated that the proposed method significantly improves the accuracy of the diagnosis for incipient faults.
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Ilyinkov, V. A., i Y. S. Maisiyevich. "Expanding the Possibilities of Modeling Signals of Telecommunications and Radioelectronics Systems". Doklady BGUIR 20, nr 4 (28.06.2022): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.35596/1729-7648-2022-20-4-5-13.
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The special procedure for the formation of reference values for a set of signals from telecommunication and radioelectronic systems (STR) has been developed based of the proposed library of auxiliary functions, which provides simplicity, ease of use and significantly expands the possibilities of signal modeling. An operator model of the response of an arbitrary linear system to a composite trapezoidal (periodic, non-periodic finite) signal is constructed. The mathematical model (in the time domain) of the linear system reaction to a set of the STR signals has been built, varying in form, time of existence, and method of assignment. The unified algorithm for mathematical modeling of linear distortions of the STR signals has been developed. In accordance with the latter, an ease of use of the program for mathematical modeling of the STR signal set in the time domain has been developed, representing the investigated reaction in graphical (with the ability to scale along the axes), tabular, and file forms.
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Zhen, Bin, i Ran Liu. "The Study of Generalized Synchronization between Two Identical Neurons Based on the Laplace Transform Method". Applied Sciences 11, nr 24 (11.12.2021): 11774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112411774.
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In this paper, a new method is proposed based on the auxiliary system approach to investigate generalized synchronization between two identical neurons with unidirectional coupling. Different from other studies, the synchronization error system between the response and auxiliary systems is converted into a set of Volterra integral equations according to the Laplace transform method and convolution theorem. By using the successive approximation method in the theory of integral equations, an analytical criterion for the detection of generalized synchronization between two identical neurons is obtained. It is found that there is a time difference between two signals of neurons when the generalized synchronization between them is achieved. Furthermore, the value of the time difference has no relation to the generalized synchronization condition but depends on the coupling function between two neurons. The study in this paper shows that one can construct a coupling function between two identical neurons using the current signal of the drive system to predict its future signal or make its past signal reappear.
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Mizumachi, Mitsunori, i Katsuyuki Niyada. "Robust Estimation of Sound Source Direction with Deterministic Background Noise and Stochastic Source Dynamics Models". Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 14, nr 2 (20.03.2010): 208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2010.p0208.
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Direction of Arrival (DOA), a type of auxiliary information used in acoustic signal processing, is vulnerable to acoustical noise, so we want to male the estimation of DOA in noisy environments, relying on spectral sparseness. The energy of acoustic signals such as speech is wide-band, with individual signals localized in specific but different frequency regions. Our proposal involves filtering out spatial features provisionally from subband frequency components at the dominant frequency of the target signal using particle filtering with a sound source dynamics model. The feasibility of our proposal is confirmed by estimating a sound source direction in noisy conditions, also confirming that frequency selectivity and state estimation using particle filters help improve DOA estimation robustness against noise in noisy conditions.
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ARI, SAMIT, i GOUTAM SAHA. "ON A ROBUST ALGORITHM FOR HEART SOUND SEGMENTATION". Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 07, nr 02 (czerwiec 2007): 129–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519407002200.
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The detection of heart diseases from heart sound signals needs an efficient segmentation algorithm to properly identify the location of the first and second heart sounds. This in turn helps in characterizing murmurs present in the cardiac cycles and the pathological condition by providing an appropriate time reference. The work presented here needs only the average heart rate as discrete auxiliary information that can be easily provided, unlike most of the methods which require the electrocardiography (ECG) signal as a continuous auxiliary signal in a complex setup. The algorithm was tested on 34 pathological cases and normal heart sound for a variety of sampling frequencies, recording environments, and age groups of subjects. It was found to give an overall accuracy of 95.51%. The robustness of the algorithm against additive white Gaussian noise contamination is also presented, and the noise immunity of various diseases for correct segmentation is established through this study.
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Wang, Ding. "Calibration algorithm for multiplicative modelling errors using constant modulus auxiliary signals". IET Signal Processing 9, nr 4 (czerwiec 2015): 297–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-spr.2013.0413.
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Pados, D. A., i S. N. Batalama. "Low-complexity blind detection of DS/CDMA signals: auxiliary-vector receivers". IEEE Transactions on Communications 45, nr 12 (1997): 1586–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/26.650237.
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Imangazieva, Aliya Vladimirovna. "Chain network control by using auxiliary loop method under large-amplitude disturbances". Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Management, computer science and informatics 2022, nr 3 (29.07.2022): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2072-9502-2022-3-7-15.
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The article presents a solution to the problem of controlling a network of a chain structure, where each agent is a linear plant influenced by the action of external uncontrolled large-amplitude perturbations under a priori uncertainty. For a chain network the auxiliary loop method is used. In each agent of the network the output of the previous agent is monitored, and the signal from the leading subsystem arrives only at the first agent of the network. The control systems of each agent are built using the measured data on the output of the agent and the agent preceding it. Compensation for the effect of perturbations is carried out by generating a special signal that carries information about all perturbations of the system, and then damping it by an auxiliary loop. Since the problem can be solved using only the measured scalar input and output signals, then two observers of the variables of the system. should be used to obtain estimates of the derivatives of these signals necessary for the formation of control actions. Thus, the chosen control laws in each agent of the chain ensure the achievability of the control goal with the required dynamic accuracy. An example of a chain network with four linear control plants is given. The proposed control is applied to the network plant. Computer simulation was carried out in the Matlab Simulink environment. Tracking error transients are presented for each of the four agents of the chain network. The simulation results confirmed the theoretical conclusions and showed the effectiveness of the proposed chain network control law under external uncontrolled disturbances of large amplitude.
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Atanaskovic, Aleksandar, Natasa Males-Ilic, Aleksandra Djoric i Djuradj Budimir. "Doherty amplifier linearization by digital injection methods". Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 35, nr 4 (2022): 587–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee2204587a.
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Verification of two linearization methods, applied on asymmetrical two-way microstrip Doherty amplifier in experiment and on symmetrical two-way Doherty amplifier in simulation, is performed in this paper. The laboratory set-ups are formed to generate the baseband nonlinear linearization signals of the second-order. After being tuned in magnitude and phase in the digital domain the linearization signals modulate the second harmonics of fundamental carrier. In the first method, adequately processed signals are then inserted at the input and output of the main Doherty amplifier transistor, whereas in the second method, they are injected at the outputs of the Doherty main and auxiliary amplifier transistors. The experimental results are obtained for 64QAM digitally modulated signals. As a proof of concept, the linearization methods are also verified in simulation, for Doherty amplifier designed to work in 5G band below 6 GHz, utilizing 20 MHz LTE signal.
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Han, Qi, Kejia Zhu, Caibo Hu, He Zhao, Shuang Wu i Yu Fu. "BOC Signal Acquisition Algorithm Based on Similar Enfoldment". International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2020 (25.02.2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4314132.
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A BOC signal has been widely used in the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). Although the BOC signal has many advantages, the autocorrelation function (ACF) of the BOC signal has lots of peaks, which makes signal acquisition difficult. This paper proposes a similar enfoldment acquisition (SEA) algorithm, which can be applied to sin-BOC and cos-BOC signals, with even and odd modulation orders. The SEA algorithm utilizes the similarity between the main peak and the secondary peak to construct a new ACF to eliminate the ambiguity of the BOC signal. This paper simulates the acquisition performance of the SEA algorithm, Martin algorithm, and SCPC algorithm, while the simulation result shows that the SEA algorithm is superior to the Martin algorithm and SCPC algorithm. Since the SEA algorithm does not need filters or auxiliary signals, its complexity is lower than that of the Martin algorithm and SCPC algorithm.
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Benšic, Tin, Marinko Barukcic, Željko Hederic, Venco Corluka, Nebojsa Bozidar Raicevic i Ilona Iatcheva. "Position estimation of active magnetic bearing shaft using auxiliary coils". COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 37, nr 4 (2.07.2018): 1328–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-08-2017-0366.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a system for estimating the position of the active magnetic bearing (AMB) shaft. A new approach using the static and dynamic inductances and complex analytic signal to simplify the estimation procedure. Finite element (FE) simulations are introduced as a part of the system synthesis. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents an AMB displacement estimation system. The system is created with three inductive sensors. The position is computed from refined static and dynamic inductance obtained from complex analytic signals of flux and current. FE simulation is used to relate refined inductances to the displacement and to verify the model. Findings This paper shows the applicability of complex analytic signal transformation on estimation systems. The use of new refined inductance is presented in contrast to the classical approach of static and dynamic inductances. The paper shows that classical approach of static and dynamic inductance is not usable for the presented estimation system. Practical implications For the practical implementation of the presented system, it is necessary to know the exact dimensions of the AMB stator and the voltage and frequency used to supply the inductance estimation system. Originality/value The paper presents a system for estimating the displacement of AMB. The paper introduces the application of complex analytic signal to the estimation of AMB displacement. The mentioned signal is used to compute the new refined inductances. The comparison to the classical approach of static and dynamic inductances is given in this paper. The paper introduces FE simulations to the estimation system synthesis.
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Hao, Fang, Baoguo Yu, Xingli Gan, Ruicai Jia, Heng Zhang, Lu Huang i Boyuan Wang. "Unambiguous Acquisition/Tracking Technique Based on Sub-Correlation Functions for GNSS Sine-BOC Signals". Sensors 20, nr 2 (15.01.2020): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20020485.
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The autocorrelation function (ACF) of the Binary Offset Carrier modulation (BOC) signal for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has multiple peaks, ambiguity is easily generated during the synchronization of the baseband signal. Some methods have been proposed to remove the ambiguity, but the performance is not suitable for high-order BOC signals or does not maintain narrow correlation characteristics. This paper proposes a sub-function reconstruction synchronization algorithm to solve this problem, of which the key is to design a new local auxiliary code: the local Pseudo-Random Noise (PRN) code is divided into several new codes with different delays. The auxiliary code performs a coherent integration operation with the received signal. Then, a correlation function without any positive side peaks is obtained by multiplying the two correlation results to make the acquisition/tracking completely unambiguous. The paper gives a design scheme of navigation signal acquisition/tracking and deduces the theoretical analysis of detection performance. The phase discrimination function is provided. The performance of the method is analyzed from both theoretical and simulation aspects. Compared with the Binary phase shift keying-like (BPSK-LIKE) method, Subcarrier Phase Cancellation (SCPC) method and the Autocorrelation Side-Peak Cancellation Technique (ASPeCT) method, the proposed method has the best detection probability for the acquisition, which is 0.5 dB-Hz better than ASPeCT. For tracking, the proposed method performs best in terms of phase-detection curve, anti-multipath performance, and anti-noise performance. For high-order BOC signals, the SRSA technique successfully removes the false lock points, and there is only one multipath error envelope, and the code tracking error is almost the same as the ASPeCT method.
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Zhao, Caidan, Caiyun Chen, Zeping He i Zhiqiang Wu. "Application of Auxiliary Classifier Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Networks in Wireless Signal Classification of Illegal Unmanned Aerial Vehicles". Applied Sciences 8, nr 12 (18.12.2018): 2664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8122664.
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Recently, many studies have reported on image synthesis based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN). However, the use of GAN does not provide much attention on the signal classification problem. In the context of using wireless signals to classify illegal Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), this paper explores the feasibility of using GAN to improve the training datasets and obtain a better classification model, thereby improving the accuracy of classification. First, we use the generative model of GAN to generate a large datasets, which does not need manual annotation. At the same time, the discriminative model of GAN is improved to classify the types of signals based on the loss function of the discriminative model. Finally, this model can be used to the outdoor environment and obtain a real-time illegal UAVs signal classification system. Our experiments confirmed that the improvements on the Auxiliary Classifier Generative Adversarial Networks (AC-GANs) by limited datasets achieve excellent results. The recognition rate can reach more than 95% in the indoor environment, and this method is also applicable in the outdoor environment. Moreover, based on the theory of Wasserstein GANs (WGAN) and AC-GANs, a more robust Auxiliary Classifier Wasserstein GANs (AC-WGANs) model is obtained, which is suitable for multi-class UAVs. Through the combination of AC-WGANs and Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) B210 software defined radio (SDR) platform, a real-time UAVs signal classification system is also implemented.
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Lv, Bo, Si Yang Liang i Lin Shi. "A New Frequency Agility Technique against Common-Frequency Interference". Applied Mechanics and Materials 701-702 (grudzień 2014): 261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.701-702.261.
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Aiming at the problem of common-frequency interference among gun-pointing radars, frequency agility technique was introduced. The reason why existing technique of frequency agility can’t investigate and identify common-frequency interference effectively was analyzed. A new frequency agility technique based on auxiliary channel and full-time reconnaissance and receiving is presented. Auxiliary channel investigates and identifies environmental signals full-time not intermittent, then uses microwave cancellation technique to eliminate local radar’s emission pulses. As a result, when auxiliary channel amplitude is greater than the main channel, it must be common-frequency interference. The above measures guarantee the accurate identification of common-frequency interference.
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Stan, Tincuta, Jan Brix, Jens Schneider-Mergener, Nikolaus Pfanner, Walter Neupert i Doron Rapaport. "Mitochondrial Protein Import: Recognition of Internal Import Signals of BCS1 by the TOM Complex". Molecular and Cellular Biology 23, nr 7 (1.04.2003): 2239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.23.7.2239-2250.2003.
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ABSTRACT BCS1, a component of the inner membrane of mitochondria, belongs to the group of proteins with internal, noncleavable import signals. Import and intramitochondrial sorting of BCS1 are encoded in the N-terminal 126 amino acid residues. Three sequence elements were identified in this region, namely, the transmembrane domain (amino acid residues 51 to 68), a presequence type helix (residues 69 to 83), and an import auxiliary region (residues 84 to 126). The transmembrane domain is not required for stable binding to the TOM complex. The Tom receptors (Tom70, Tom22 and Tom20), as determined by peptide scan analysis, interact with the presequence-like helix, yet the highest binding was to the third sequence element. We propose that the initial recognition of BCS1 precursor at the surface of the organelle mainly depends on the auxiliary region and does not require the transmembrane domain. This essential region represents a novel type of signal with targeting and sorting functions. It is recognized by all three known mitochondrial import receptors, demonstrating their capacity to decode various targeting signals. We suggest that the BCS1 precursor crosses the TOM complex as a loop structure and that once the precursor emerges from the TOM complex, all three structural elements are essential for the intramitochondrial sorting to the inner membrane.
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Keogh, P. S., i M. O. T. Cole. "Contact Dynamic Response With Misalignment in a Flexible Rotor/Magnetic Bearing System". Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 128, nr 2 (1.03.2004): 362–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2056530.
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This paper investigates the vibration characteristics of rotor displacement signals in a magnetic bearing system under conditions when rotor contact with auxiliary bearings is possible. Since these signals may be used for feedback control, it is necessary to determine how they may affect the ability of the controller to regain rotor levitation. An experimental system is used to demonstrate the sensitivity of the rotor nonlinear dynamic behavior to unbalance, which is sufficient to cause contact during rotor run-up through rigid-body and flexural mode critical speeds. Complex rotor dynamics may involve contact with more than one auxiliary bearing or bush. Application of appropriate rotating forces to the rotor through a magnetic bearing is also shown to induce similar contact dynamics. Thus, an alternative procedure for assessing the nonlinear rotor dynamic behavior is established with the potential for identification of appropriate control forces. The contact dynamics are also considered in the presence of auxiliary bearing misalignment. Misalignment may arise through physical translation of a housing or through steady-state offset errors in sensor measurements. A misalignment of 50% of the nominal radial clearance is applied at an auxiliary bearing. Various contact modes are evident as the rotor is run up in speed. During rundown, different contact dynamics may be encountered and the level of such hysteresis is assessed.
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Romanchak, V. M., i M. A. Hundzina. "Standard and singular wavelet analysis". «System analysis and applied information science», nr 4 (28.01.2021): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2309-4923-2020-4-39-44.
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The paper suggests that the use of classical wavelets may be auxiliary in the analysis of a periodic signal. This is because the intuitive interpretation of the wavelet transform is not obvious. It is proposed to consider the Fourier transform as the main tool in applied research of periodic signals. An example is provided to support this point of view. To isolate the periodic component of the signal, along with wavelet analysis, it is proposed to perform spectral analysis. To do this, pre-filtering is performed using singular wavelets. This approach can significantly complement classical wavelet analysis.
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Kumar, Sanjiv, Narendra Kumar i Vipin Jain. "Comparison of Various Auxiliary Signals for Damping Subsynchronous Oscillations Using TCR-FC". Energy Procedia 14 (2012): 695–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.12.997.
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Liu, Yaqing, i Lunhui Deng. "Design of Audio Embedding and De-embedding for 3G-SDI Based on FPGA". MATEC Web of Conferences 173 (2018): 03021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817303021.
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This design introduces the theoretical basis of digital audio embedding and de-embedding, and proposes a solution that Verilog language can be used to achieve 3G-SDI audio embedding and de-embedding. SDI video and audio data are input to the FPGA, and the audio signals can be embedded in the SDI line blanking after processing. Moreover, some auxiliary information is embedded in the SDI data, when you need these auxiliary information, you need to use the audio de-embedding process. The process of audio de-embedding is inversed with the process of embedding. It has been proved through practice that this scheme can effectively embed digital audio in SDI data stream, synchronize audio and video data, and can de-embed audio signal. The design is very versatile and can improve the efficiency of the design, thus effectively reducing the cost of the product.
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Chen, Bo. "Multiuser Detection for Mobile Communication Signals in Urban Architecture". Applied Mechanics and Materials 701-702 (grudzień 2014): 979–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.701-702.979.
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Aim to the problem of code-division multiple-access (CDMA) with both multiple-access interference (MAI) and intersymbol interference (ISI) in dispersive channels of cellular mobile communication under urban architecture’s influence, low-complexity multiuser detection is proposed to suppress MAI and ISI jointly. This technique is considered to base on a blind linear filter detector with the subspace-based and auxiliary vector incorporated the desired user's signature waveform. It is showed that the performance of newly proposed detector outperforms the conventional detectors.
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Renteria-Pinon, Mario, Jaime Ramirez-Angulo i Alejandro Diaz-Sanchez. "Simple Scheme for the Implementation of Low Voltage Fully Differential Amplifiers without Output Common-Mode Feedback Network". Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications 10, nr 4 (23.10.2020): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jlpea10040034.
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A simple scheme to implement class AB low-voltage fully differential amplifiers that do not require an output common-mode feedback network (CMFN) is introduced. It has a rail to rail output signal swing and high rejection of common-mode input signals. It operates in strong inversion with ±300 mV supplies in a 180 nm CMOS process. It uses an auxiliary amplifier that minimizes supply requirements by setting the op-amp input terminals very close to one of the rails and also serves as a common-mode feedback network to generate complementary output signals. The scheme is verified with simulation results of an amplifier that consumes 25 µW, has a gain-bandwidth product (GBW) of 16.1 MHz, slew rate (SR) of 8.4 V/µs, the small signal figure of merit (FOMSS) of 6.49 MHz*pF/µW, the large signal figure of merit (FOMLS) of 3.39 V/µs*pF/µW, and current efficiency (CE) of 2.03 in strong inversion, with a 10 pF load capacitance.
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Zhu, Qiang-Yu, Li-Peng Zhou, Li-Xuan Cai, Xiao-Zhen Li, Jin Zhou i Qing-Fu Sun. "Chiral auxiliary and induced chiroptical sensing with 5d/4f lanthanide–organic macrocycles". Chemical Communications 56, nr 19 (2020): 2861–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc09733c.
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Ru, Yandong, Jinbao Li, Hangyu Chen i Jiacheng Li. "Epilepsy Detection Based on Variational Mode Decomposition and Improved Sample Entropy". Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (18.01.2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6180441.
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Epilepsy detection based on electroencephalogram (EEG) signal is of great significance to diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy. The denoised EEG signal is adopted by most traditional epilepsy detection methods. But due to nonideal denoising ability, the loss of local information and residual noise will occur, resulting in detection performance degradation. To solve the problem, the paper proposed an epilepsy detection method in noisy environment. Although epileptic signals and nonepileptic signals have some discrimination, they need to overcome the interference of noise. Hence, the improved sample entropy and phase synchronization indexes of corresponding 2 intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) caused by variational mode decomposition (VMD) are proposed as features, which can reduce the impact of noise on detection performance. The experimental results show that the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity are 91.78%, 91.27%, and 93.61%, respectively. It can be used as an auxiliary method for clinical treatment of epilepsy.
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Hoshi, T., A. Pantazis i R. Olcese. "Transduction of Voltage and Ca2+ Signals by Slo1 BK Channels". Physiology 28, nr 3 (maj 2013): 172–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00055.2012.
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Large-conductance Ca2+- and voltage-gated K+ channels are activated by an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration and/or depolarization. The channel activation mechanism is well described by an allosteric model encompassing the gate, voltage sensors, and Ca2+ sensors, and the model is an excellent framework to understand the influences of auxiliary β and γ subunits and regulatory factors such as Mg2+. Recent advances permit elucidation of structural correlates of the biophysical mechanism.
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Zheng, Chun-Hou, De-Shuang Huang, Kang Li, George Irwin i Zhan-Li Sun. "MISEP Method for Postnonlinear Blind Source Separation". Neural Computation 19, nr 9 (wrzesień 2007): 2557–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.2007.19.9.2557.
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In this letter, a standard postnonlinear blind source separation algorithm is proposed, based on the MISEP method, which is widely used in linear and nonlinear independent component analysis. To best suit a wide class of postnonlinear mixtures, we adapt the MISEP method to incorporate a priori information of the mixtures. In particular, a group of three-layered perceptrons and a linear network are used as the unmixing system to separate sources in the postnonlinear mixtures, and another group of three-layered perceptron is used as the auxiliary network. The learning algorithm for the unmixing system is then obtained by maximizing the output entropy of the auxiliary network. The proposed method is applied to postnonlinear blind source separation of both simulation signals and real speech signals, and the experimental results demonstrate its effectiveness and efficiency in comparison with existing methods.
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Song, Shijie, Dandan Qiu i Sunwei Qin. "Research on the Fault Diagnosis Method of Mine Fan Based on Sound Signal Analysis". Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (26.08.2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9650644.
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The underground local fan and auxiliary fan also play a vital role in the underground air quality, compared with the system fan. However, the number of underground local fans and auxiliary fans is large and widely distributed, which is disadvantageous to adopt the same method of online monitoring and fault diagnosis method as the system fan. In order to find a new fault diagnosis method, which is cost-effective and reliable, this paper proposes a fault diagnosis method based on sound signal. It analyzes the source of fan noise and studies the overall scheme of mine fan fault diagnosis expert system based on sound signal. The fault expert system consists of four parts: signal acquisition and noise elimination, feature extraction, state recognition, and fault diagnosis. Its principle is briefly introduced. The denoising method of wavelet is adopted in this paper. Wavelet packet is used to extract the characteristics of sound signal, and the energy size and energy proportion of each frequency component are used as the basis of knowledge acquisition and reasoning. Through the analysis of the measured signals of the fan in the normal operating state, the feature vectors were extracted as the basis for the discrimination of the normal state after noise elimination. At the same time, the audio processing software was used to simulate the sound signals in three fault states. Then, the feature vector of the fault state is extracted, which is obviously different from that of the fan in the normal operation. As the basis of fault state analysis of the expert system, it lays the foundation for the realization of the expert system of mine fan equipment running state diagnosis.
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Wang, Ching Sung, Yen Ju Chiang, Chih Chung Chang, Jia He Lin, Wei Jie Lin i Siang Jyun Jheng. "Implement a Control Mechanical Legs System by EMG Signals". Advanced Materials Research 219-220 (marzec 2011): 1633–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.219-220.1633.
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As an auxiliary facility to assist a disabled patient to perform a normal walk, the crutch or the wheelchair is considered to provide an essential mobility as a mechanical facility. However, these facilities can not provide a basic function for these patients to sustain a standing position except a mechanical prosthesis. To control the activity of the prosthesis, a muscle membrane potential produced via an arm swing during the period of a walk is used as a control signal. In this paper, we adopt a dual ADC interface on a STM3210E-LK board to extract two kinds of muscle membrane potentials on a single arm. These two potential signals can be used to control the activities of the mechanical prosthesis. In the experiment we use these two potential signals to control the activities of a humanoid robot to simulate the activities of the mechanical prosthesis.