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1
Bloom-Feshbach, Jonathan, i Sally Bloom-Feshbach. "The related-autonomous position: Psychological freedom, mourning, and the psychoanalytic stance." Psychoanalytic Psychology 13, nr 4 (1996): 531–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0079709.
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LEMOYNE, ROBERT, i TIMOTHY MASTROIANNI. "IMPLEMENTATION OF A SMARTPHONE AS A WIRELESS ACCELEROMETER PLATFORM FOR QUANTIFYING HEMIPLEGIC GAIT DISPARITY IN A FUNCTIONALLY AUTONOMOUS CONTEXT". Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 18, nr 02 (marzec 2018): 1850005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519418500057.
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The utility of the smartphone, such as the iPhone, constitutes considerable potential for the advancement of the biomedical and healthcare industry. A notable feature of the iPhone is the capacity to combine the internal accelerometer sensor with a software application to enable the functionality of a wireless accelerometer platform. Preliminary research has demonstrated the iPhone’s ability to quantify features of healthy gait. The research applies a single iPhone mounted proximal to the lateral malleolus of the affected leg and subsequently the unaffected leg to ascertain quantified disparity of hemiplegic gait from an engineering proof of concept perspective. In order to maintain a consistent gait velocity, a constant velocity treadmill is incorporated into the research endeavor. Post-processing of the gait acceleration waveform is greatly facilitated through the use of a software automation program using Matlab that emphasizes on the rhythmicity of gait. Two gait parameters were obtained: stance-to-stance temporal disparity and stance-to-stance time-averaged acceleration, and demonstrated considerable accuracy, consistency, and reliability. As noted per the constant treadmill velocity, stance-to-stance temporal disparity for the affected and unaffected legs was established as not statistically significant. A statistical significance was determined for the stance-to-stance time-averaged acceleration regarding the affected and unaffected legs. The iPhone application represents a wireless accelerometer platform capable of identifying statistically significant and quantified disparity of hemiplegic gait features through automated post-processing in a functionally autonomous environment.
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Mayes, Patricia. "Becoming an ‘autonomous writer’: Epistemic stance displays and membership categorization in the writing conference". Discourse Studies 17, nr 6 (grudzień 2015): 752–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461445615602375.
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Giszter, Simon F., Michelle R. Davies i Virginia Graziani. "Motor Strategies Used by Rats Spinalized at Birth to Maintain Stance in Response to Imposed Perturbations". Journal of Neurophysiology 97, nr 4 (kwiecień 2007): 2663–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00308.2006.
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Some rats spinalized P1/P2 achieve autonomous weight-supported locomotion and quiet stance as adults. We used force platforms and robot-applied perturbations to test such spinalized rats ( n = 6) that exhibited both weight-supporting locomotion and stance, and also normal rats ( n = 8). Ground reaction forces in individual limbs and the animals' center of pressure were examined. In normal rats, both forelimbs and hindlimbs participated actively to control horizontal components of ground reaction forces. Rostral perturbations increased forelimb ground reaction forces and caudal perturbations increased hindlimb ground reaction forces. Operate rats carried 60% body weight on the forelimbs and had a more rostral center of pressure placement. The pattern in normal rats was to carry significantly more weight on the hindlimbs in quiet stance (roughly 60%). The strategy of operate rats to compensate for perturbations was entirely in forelimbs; as a result, the hindlimbs were largely isolated from the perturbation. Stiffness magnitude of the whole body was measured: its magnitude was hourglass shaped, with the principal axis oriented rostrocaudally. Operate rats were significantly less stiff—only 60–75% of normal rats' stiffness. The injured rats adopt a stance strategy that isolates the hindlimbs from perturbation and may thus prevent hindlimb loadings. Such loadings could initiate reflex stepping, which we observed. This might activate lumbar pattern generators used in their locomotion. Adult spinalized rats never achieve independent hindlimb weight-supported stance. The stance strategy of the P1 spinalized rats differed strongly from the behavior of intact rats and may be difficult for rats spinalized as adults to master.
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Simpson, Robert Mark. "Minimalism, Determinacy, and Human Rights". Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 34, nr 1 (luty 2021): 149–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjlj.2020.25.
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According to a widely-shared view, human rights encompass a very limited range of ethical concerns: not all human interests, only urgent interests;1 not our preferences, only our needs;2 not all wrongs, only severe injustices;3 not a good life in the fullest sense, but only a minimally decent or autonomous life.4 In short, human rights are not about realizing the best, they are about shielding us from the worst. I will call this general theoretical stance Minimalism.
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Down, Ian. "Central Bank Independence, Disinflations and Monetary Policy". Business and Politics 10, nr 3 (grudzień 2008): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1469-3569.1211.
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Analyses of central bank independence (CBI) have generated two sets of apparently contradictory results - CBI appears to be both inversely related to inflation and positively related to the rise in unemployment and slowdown in economic growth during disinflations. I suggest that these results may issue from autonomous central banks being associated with sharper, more aggressive disinflations. To test the proposition I use two measures of policy stance, one of which contains more information concerning policymaker's expectations than has heretofore been the case. The results suggest a need to qualify yet further the optimality of CBI.
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McMullin, Irene. "Kant on Radical Evil and the Origin of Moral Responsibility". Kantian Review 18, nr 1 (4.02.2013): 49–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1369415412000283.
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AbstractThe notion of radical evil plays a more important role in Kant's moral theory than is typically recognized. In Religion Within the Limits of Mere Reason, radical evil is both an innate propensity and a morally imputable act – a paradoxical status that has prompted commentators to reject it as inconsistent with the rest of Kant's moral theory. In contrast, I argue that the notion of radical evil accounts for the beginning of moral responsibility in Kant's theory, since the act of attributing radical evil to one's freedom is an inauguration into the autonomous stance.
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Lilly, Meredith, i Delaram Arabi. "Symbolic act, real consequences: Passing Canada’s Magnitsky Law to combat human rights violations and corruption". International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 75, nr 2 (czerwiec 2020): 163–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020702020934504.
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Both the volume of economic sanctions and the reasons for their imposition have increased tremendously around the globe. In this context, several countries, including the United States and Canada, have introduced Magnitsky acts to enable their governments to act unilaterally to impose sanctions against foreign actors for gross violations of human rights and significant acts of corruption. This paper evaluates the legislative changes made to Canada’s sanction regime in 2016–2017 and explores how the new authorities have been applied following implementation (2017–2019). We find that, despite granting the Canadian government new authorities to undertake autonomous sanctions, the country has continued to cooperate with other states as it had done prior to the changes. We conclude that lawmakers never intended for Canada to use the new autonomous capabilities to “go it alone.” Instead, the symbolism represented by Canada taking a strong stance against human rights abuses globally was the driving force behind the Magnitsky Law’s passage.
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González García, Ignacio. "La devolución unilateral de competencias por las comunidades autónomas = Unilateral returning of competencies by Autonomous Communities". Teoría y Realidad Constitucional, nr 34 (1.07.2014): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/trc.34.2014.14073.
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La posibilidad planteada recientemente por algunas Comunidades Autónomas de devolver unilateralmente competencias al Estado ha encontrado una respuesta doctrinal claramente negativa. Una respuesta basada, fundamentalmente, en el carácter bilateral de las reformas estatutarias y la vigencia en nuestro sistema del principio de indisponibilidad competencial. En este trabajo se ofrece una visión y una solución distinta al problema planteado, a partir de una interpretación finalista de las previsiones del Título VIII de nuestra Constitución, que justificaría la existencia de una limitación constitucional implícita de la intervención de las Cortes Generales en estos casos.Some Autonomous Communities have raised recently the possibility of returning to the State some of their competencies. The doctrinal stance is opposed to this idea arguing that the Communities can not make this decision on their own accord. Every reform of the statute would require a bilateral process between the Autonomous Community and the State. This paper offers a different approach to this issue interpreting the 8th Title of the Constitution in a final way, which would justify the existence of an implied limitation of the National Parliament’s roll in this case.
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RUBIN, JOAN SHELLEY. "REPOSSESSING THE COZZENS–MACDONALD IMBROGLIO: MIDDLEBROW AUTHORSHIP, CRITICAL AUTHORITY, AND AUTONOMOUS READERS IN POSTWAR AMERICA". Modern Intellectual History 7, nr 3 (30.09.2010): 553–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244310000235.
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Dwight Macdonald's 1958 attack on James Gould Cozzens's novelBy Love Possessedposited that the book's popularity was an “episode” in “The Middlebrow Counter-Revolution” then under way among American critics. That conclusion neglected the strategies of publishing, advertising, and authorial stance that Cozzens and his wife, the agent Sylvia Baumgarten, wielded to create a best seller. Macdonald also did not see how he and Cozzens shared a high-culture aesthetic and competed for power over readers threatening to make criticism irrelevant. Each tried to consolidate that power by depicting his adversary as socially inferior: as Jew, queer, or feminized “middlebrow.” Although Macdonald's appropriation of Cozzens's own values succeeded in damaging Cozzens's reputation, the authority that Macdonald hoped to preserve was likewise about to collapse under pressure from mass culture and postmodern relativism. The Macdonald–Cozzens imbroglio thus provides a useful example of the provisional nature of cultural hierarchy at any given historical moment.
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Aftanas, L. I., i A. V. Tumyalis. "INDIVIDUAL ALPHA FREQUENCY EEG AS NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL ENDOPHENOTYPE OF AFFECTIVE PREDISPOSITIONS". Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences 68, nr 12 (10.12.2013): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15690/vramn.v68i12.863.
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Individual alpha frequency (IAF) of electroencephalogram (EEG) is regarded as a neurophysiological endophenotypic indicator of cognitive activity featuring individual propensity to efficient cognitive performance and creativity. Considering that cognitive coping style is intrinsic part of emotional regulation, defining medical aspects of individual health as well as risks of psychosomatic diseases, we intended to assess IAF contribution into mechanisms of individual emotional reactivity. Participants and methods. As participants was healthy man subjects (n=62). Three models of laboratory induced emotions were used: emotional perception (1); anxious apprehension (awaiting of inescapable aversive punishment) (2); experience of discrete emotions of anger and joy (3). Results. It was revealed that high IAF individuals exhibit predisposition to prevalence of parasympathetic activity in the global circuit of autonomous regulation, proactive-like coping with inescapable threat, prevailing contribution of the positive emotional stance and better accessibility of recent positive memories. By contrast, low IAF subjects manifested predisposition to prevalence of sympathetic activity in the global circuit of autonomous regulation, maladaptive avoidance-like coping with inescapable threat, insufficiency positive emotional arousal mechanisms. Conclusions. It is suggested that IAF creates a «hardware» construct featuring individual emotional space and adaptability of coping styles to emotional challenges.
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Brenière, Yvon, Blandine Bril i Roger Fontaine. "Analysis of the Transition From Upright Stance to Steady State Locomotion in Children With Under 200 Days of Autonomous Walking". Journal of Motor Behavior 21, nr 1 (marzec 1989): 20–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222895.1989.10735462.
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steels, luc, i tony belpaeme. "coordinating perceptually grounded categories through language: a case study for colour". Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28, nr 4 (sierpień 2005): 469–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x05000087.
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this article proposes a number of models to examine through which mechanisms a population of autonomous agents could arrive at a repertoire of perceptually grounded categories that is sufficiently shared to allow successful communication. the models are inspired by the main approaches to human categorisation being discussed in the literature: nativism, empiricism, and culturalism. colour is taken as a case study. although we take no stance on which position is to be accepted as final truth with respect to human categorisation and naming, we do point to theoretical constraints that make each position more or less likely and we make clear suggestions on what the best engineering solution would be. specifically, we argue that the collective choice of a shared repertoire must integrate multiple constraints, including constraints coming from communication.
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Lévy, Jacques. "The hated city, from transcendence to immanence". Cadernos Metrópole 23, nr 51 (sierpień 2021): 499–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2236-9996.2021-5103.
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Abstract The myth of Babel (Genesis 11, Old Testament) is an early and pure example of using urbanity and globality as an evidence of hubris. The accurate analysis of this short text shows that rejection of urbanity is not the effect of a vague metaphor; rather, it is based on the observation that city-making represents the perfect expression of humanity’s capability for carrying out modest yet ambitious autonomous plans. The statement that urbanisation and the cooperation of all humans would be a sin is less easy to maintain today, but fresher libertarian or neonaturalist ideologies, replacing transcendence by immanence, have emerged and achieved a historical continuity with mainstream religious demands. Reluctance towards a possible emancipation through self-organised spatial arrangements continues to connect urban agency to a more general anti-societal and anti-human stance.
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Pozzo, Riccardo, Andrea Filippetti, Mario Paolucci i Vania Virgili. "What does cultural innovation stand for? Dimensions, processes, outcomes of a new innovation category". Science and Public Policy 47, nr 3 (5.05.2020): 425–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scaa023.
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Abstract This article introduces the notion of cultural innovation, which requires adapting our approach to co-creation. The argument opens with a first conceptualization of cultural innovation as an additional and autonomous category of the complex processes of co-creation. The dimensions of cultural innovation are contrasted against other forms of innovation. In a second step, the article makes an unprecedented attempt in describing processes and outcomes of cultural innovation, while showing their operationalization in some empirical case studies. In the conclusion, the article considers policy implications resulting from the novel definition of cultural innovation as the outcome of complex processes that involve the reflection of knowledge flows across the social environment within communities of practices while fostering the inclusion of diversity in society. First and foremost, cultural innovation takes a critical stance against inequalities in the distribution of knowledge and builds innovation for improving the welfare of individuals and communities.
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Nasir, Muhammad Saeed, Muhammad Riaz i Sadia Rahim. "Crossing the Borders: Beckett in the Eastern World". Global Language Review V, nr II (30.06.2020): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glr.2020(v-ii).15.
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Beckettian scholars are of the view that Beckett is an autonomous artist and has never been a religious scholar, so his works should be read as an artistic expression without using any 'religious barometer. Beckett's obsessed quest about theology and his selected plethora of references about Christianity and God almost always capture the attention of critics by encouraging them to read Beckett through a religious angle. Such a stance of Beckett leads the scholars to categorise him as a secular writer who freely deals with religious themes. It is interesting to note that most of Beckett's religious scholarship revolves around Christianity and Western critical traditions. This means that Beckett's connection with other religions or religious traditions has been overlooked. This paper examines Beckett's attachment with religions, namely Buddhism, Hinduism, and Taoism. In conclusion, the paper advocates that Beckett was aware of Eastern religious traditions.
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Ven, Inge Van De. "The Public Antagonist and Martyr: Reading A.H.J. Dautzenberg against Literary Typologies". Werkwinkel 12, nr 2 (27.11.2017): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/werk-2017-0013.
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Abstract I analyze the public authorship of Dutch writer A.H.J. Dautzenberg. I disentangle some of the main threads in his literature and public persona, singling out three socio-cultural issues on which he has publicly taken a stance in both his literature and his non-fiction texts. I base my analysis on three types of sources: Dautzenberg’s works of literary fiction, appearances in the media, and non-fictional texts. I argue that the case of Dautzenberg brings out the limits of any typology of engaged authorship, autonomous authorship, or stardom, and that his veiled emphasis on factuality under the flag of fiction to an important extent explains the efficiency of his style of media performance, and helps the author generate attention for his work. I conclude that in the final instance, both his work and his media performances are subordinate to his societal engagement, and that therefore, Dautzenberg is a public antagonist first, and an author only secondarily.
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von Bernstorff, Jochen. "Is IHL a Sham? A Reply to Eyal Benvenisti and Doreen Lustig". European Journal of International Law 31, nr 2 (wrzesień 2020): 709–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chaa050.
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Abstract This contribution is inspired by the thought-provoking article ‘Monopolizing War’ by Eyal Benvenisti and Doreen Lustig. My Reply argues that early 19th-century IHL codification projects in the eyes of European governments did not primarily serve domestic anti-revolutionary purposes. It also takes a somewhat sceptical stance as to the recent scholarly trend, which reduces historical explanations for the development of international law to domestic contexts in one or more powerful states involved in the respective law- and policy-making process. Building on the intriguing historical critique of early IHL’s ‘humanizing substance’ developed in ‘Monopolizing War’ and by referring to more recent IHL codification projects (small arms, nuclear weapons, aerial bombing, autonomous weapons), the second part of the contribution sketches four ‘de-humanizing’ discursive strategies, which arguably haunt international humanitarian law-making until today: (i) cynical window dressing; (ii) constructing an ontological wall; (iii) utilitarian reasoning; and (iv) excluding the periphery.
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Sallabank, Julia. "Language planning and language ideologies in Guernsey". Multilingua 38, nr 1 (26.01.2019): 93–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/multi-2018-0002.
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Abstract The Bailiwick of Guernsey is a small, semi-autonomous archipelago in the English Channel. Although it is a British Crown dependency and part of the British Isles, it has its own parliament and does not belong to the United Kingdom or the European Union. This unusual geopolitical situation means that the nation-state has little relevance. It is only recently that the indigenous former vernacular has been accorded any worth, at either grass-roots or government level: as its vitality declines (increasingly rapidly), its perceived value for individual and collective identification has grown. Although public opinion overtly supports indigenous language maintenance, and increasing its vitality is a stated aim (e.g., a government Language Commission was announced in 2012), effective top-down measures to increase the number and fluency of speakers appear to be low on the agenda. This article explores the implications of this socio-political background for language policy. It discusses language-related activities which reveal a lack of ideological clarification and strategic direction at all levels, compounded by issues of control, epistemic stance and language ownership.
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Fellezs, Kevin. "Edge of Insanity". Journal of Popular Music Studies 30, nr 1-2 (1.03.2018): 109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jpms.2018.000009.
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In this essay, I mean to re-examine the notion of virtuosity, which has been characterized as a Romantic reaction to bourgeois rationalism that mobilizes virtuoso musical technique in the service of critiquing bourgeois understandings of art. Furthermore, most critics accuse virtuosos of providing vulgar spectacle in place of sober execution linked to questionable ethics. Pace those assessments, I mean to argue that virtuosity represents, at least in the hands of a black American guitarist such as MacAlpine, a liberatory strategy, that despite being rooted in Romantic notions of autonomous art, challenges a critical stance which views black artistry as merely expressive. I argue that MacAlpine does not simply seek the discursive legitimacy that performing classical music (or in a “classical” style) can give a heavy metal musician but, as a black American guitarist, uses the kind of virtuosity that is linked to the European concert tradition as a means for transcending the stereotypes of black musicians as intuitive talents who draw on reserves of emotional excess, rather than as thoughtful musicians whose abilities have been trained and crafted by diligent study and practice.
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Jhala, Angma D. "The Malabar Hill murder trial of 1925". Indian Economic & Social History Review 46, nr 3 (lipiec 2009): 373–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001946460904600305.
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This article seeks to address issues relating to sovereignty, law and sexual politics in colonial princely India through an examination of the Malabar Hill Murder Trial of 1925 in the Bombay High Court. In this particular case, the Hindu Maratha Maharaja of Indore was charged with the murder of his Muslim courtesan's lover. The ensuing trial illuminates two important developments in late colonial Indian law. First, it reveals how British courts empowered some Indian women as individual agents before the law, despite the restrictions of pardah (or seclusion), to contest and resist indigenous patriarchies. Second, it exposes the complex rela-tionship between Indian kingship and British paramountcy. Due to their position as semi-autonomous rulers, who were not under the restrictions of British Indian law, native princes were exempt from being tried in British Indian courts on the basis of their treaty regulations. This case discusses the extent to which the sexual desires and love unions of the Indian kings were affected by the princely state's fraught relationship with the colonial regime. In this in-stance, the Malabar Hill Murder trial cost the ruler his gaddi (throne) when he was compelled to abdicate.
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Salmani-Nodoushan, Mohammad Ali. "English for specific purposes: Traditions, trends, directions". Studies in English Language and Education 7, nr 1 (2.03.2020): 247–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/siele.v7i1.16342.
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English for Specific Purposes (ESP) began around fifty years ago as a result of pressing worldwide demands for fast-paced language training in occupational and professional settings, rapid revolutions in theoretical linguistics, and burgeoning pressures on schools and educators to focus on, and to be responsive to, learners’ needs. It started within the field of English Language Teaching (ELT) but has gradually established itself as an autonomous subfield of Applied Linguistics (AL). This paper will review the origins, evolution, and status quo of ESP, and then predict the future directions of this important field. The theoretical, analytical, and methodological evolutions of ESP are reviewed, the positions of genre analysis, target language use situation analysis, and context in ESP are described, the ‘just-in-case’ EAP and ‘just-in-time’ EOP approaches are compared, and the text-first and context-first approaches to discourse structure analysis are compared. The paper predicts that ESP will adopt a wide-angled epistemological stance to survey the (a) discursive, (b) generic, (c) social, and (d) organizational structures of specialized texts and discourses, as well as those of texts and discourses simplified for the popularization of science, in a systematic and contextualized manner. ESP practitioners are also warned about the potential threats of teaching genres of power within ESP.
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Fitriyani, Fitriyani. "Aspek-aspek Pembaruan Hukum Islam dalam Hukum Keluarga di Indonesia". TASAMUH: Jurnal Studi Islam 11, nr 2 (2.09.2019): 249–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.47945/tasamuh.v11i2.162.
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Islamic law reform is essentially contrary to something that already exists (existing) then undergo a qualitative change as a product of interaction in public life It could be argued that the process of law reform Islam is seen as something autonomous, but he also interacts with other elements in society that occurred interdependent. Therefore, the concept of renewal of Islamic law requires adaptatif stance with social conditions in which it interacts. In this case, the realization of the principle of al-muhafadzah 'ala al-qadim wa al-Salih al-akhdzu bi al-jadidi al-ashlah (maintaining the old one if it is still good and accept the new or changed if it is considered better), became a necessity. Within the framework of family law reform Indonesia, Islamic law meempunyai a very important role and strategic. Said, because the family law of Islam. in addition to recognized as a source of juridical law, also has universal principles and in accordance with the personality of the Indonesian nation. In fact, sociologically Islamic family law has taken root and become law who live in the midst of the majority of Indonesian people. Renewal of Islamic law in the context of family law Indonesia includes four categories, namely; jurisprudence, fatwa, jurisprudence and legislation.
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Taupin, Philippe. "The contribution of narrative semiotics of experiential imaginary to the ideation of new digital customer experiences". Semiotica 2019, nr 230 (25.10.2019): 447–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2018-0005.
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Abstract Innovating new experiences is an innovation strategy that increases product differentiation and the perceived value of offers for future autonomous cars. Young Chinese customers are a relevant target group of lead users to co-create those experiences. We address the co-creation of memorable and engaging experiences with targeted potential users and the building of the meaning of experiential imaginary that results from innovations (based on digital media) echoing the need for sensory atmospherics while strolling in the city. We aim at understanding how customers can co-create meaningful experiences. We analyze the narrative structures of the experiential imaginaries, considering the narratives as a major component of ambiance experiences and imaginary. With an empirical approach that associates projective techniques to semiotic analysis of the corresponding narratives, we describe the structural system of the experiential imaginary of young Chinese customers when imagining driving in the city in tomorrow’s cars. Semiotics offers a novel contribution to innovation marketing and idea generation of experiential innovations. This theoretical stance valorizes the outside-in paradigm of future lead-users as co-creators of innovative experiences, whose imaginary narratives are raw materials for creativity. This approach is an alternative to brainstorming and its limits for creating disruptive innovations.
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Kunz, Raffaela. "Judging International Judgments Anew? The Human Rights Courts before Domestic Courts". European Journal of International Law 30, nr 4 (listopad 2019): 1129–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chz063.
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Abstract In recent times, instances of contestation against the European Court of Human Rights and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights have made headlines, and, in many of these cases, domestic courts have played a role by refusing to follow the human rights courts or even declaring their judgments to be unconstitutional. This article undertakes an in-depth analysis of these instances of judicial resistance and puts them into context. This shows that domestic courts, even though originally not having been allocated this role, have become important ‘compliance partners’ of the human rights courts and now play an important and autonomous role in the implementation of their judgments. At the same time, they act as ‘gatekeepers’ and limit their effects in the domestic order. Recent cases even suggest a turn to a less open and more national self-perception of domestic courts. While this reflects to some extent the multiple – and sometimes conflicting – roles domestic courts perform at the intersection of legal orders, the article argues that the open and flexible stance many domestic courts take when faced with international judgments is better suited to cope with the complex and plural legal reality than systematically judging anew on matters already decided by the human rights courts.
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Haris, Munawir. "Pembaharuan Atas Hukum Keluarga di Indonesia: Satu Tinjauan Sosiologis". Ulumuna 19, nr 1 (29.06.2015): 137–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v19i1.1254.
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The renewal of Islamic law is essentially contrary to something that already exists (existing) then undergoes a qualitative change as a product of interaction in public life. It could be argued that the process of renewal of Islamic law is seen as something autonomous, but it also interacts with other elements in society that occur interdependently. Therefore, the concept of renewal of Islamic law requires adaptive stance with social conditions in which it interacts. In this case, the realization of the principle of al-muh}āfaz}atu ‘alā al-qadīmi al-s\ālih} wa al-akhdhu bi al-jadīd al-as\lah} (Maintaining the old one if it is still good and accept the new or changed if it is considered better) became a necessity. Within the framework of family law renewal in Indonesia, Islamic law has a very strategic and important role. From the sociological point of view, Islamic family law has deeply rooted in the Muslim daily live and become a living law in the midst of the majority of Indonesian people. Renewal of Islamic law in the context of family law in Indonesia includes four categories namely fiqh, fatwā, jurisprudence and legislation. This article explores these four categories and shows how reform influence these domains.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v19i1.1254
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Nicòtina, Alberto. "A Procedural Idea of Environmental Democracy: the 'Débat Public' Paradigm within the EU Framework". Review of European Administrative Law 14, nr 2 (23.07.2021): 85–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.7590/187479821x16254887670919.
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The aim of this paper is to analyse the 'débat public' procedure, which finds its roots in the Canadian legal system and its most defined formulation in France, and which more recently has been circulating to Italy – first at the regional level and, since 2016, at the national level. The first part of the paper will thus be devoted to a historical overview of the débat public and to how it is implemented in each of the two legal systems. The second part will subsequently distil the 'paradigm', i. e. those distinctive traits that make the débat public an autonomous research subject, within the multi-layered legislative framework of environmental governance in Europe. Three main features of the paradigm will be pointed out (Participation, Effectiveness, Authority), thus highlighting how it can respond to the needs in light of which it has been designed, namely dealing with proximity conflicts and providing a forum for the construction of shared rational decisions in environmental decision-making. The paper eventually leads to the conclusion that the débat public, with its codified rules and procedures, represents the first and probably the most noticeable attempt towards the institutionalisation and generalisation of deliberative practices in environmental decision-making, thus towards developing a procedural stance in environmental democracy.
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Vargas de Souza, João Antônio, i Eliane Schlemmer. "Robotics Activities: a Practice of Social Transformation". International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 7, nr 12 (31.12.2019): 202–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss12.2037.
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The general objective of this article is to present the importance of robotics in elementary level school. In addition to discussing pedagogical mediation in this context. The reason for the development of this work centers on the need for studies on Robotics in the educational environment and its networks of relations with a focus on the learning of students and on the need for a change in the culture of the school. The methodology of this work is based on the cartographic method of research and intervention that, instead of seeking a result or conclusion, seeks to follow the process, seeking to establish relationships. Thus, we began mapping the pedagogical mediation between the teachers and students of the municipal schools of Viamão, EMEF Residencial Figueira and EMEF Sergeant Manoel Raymundo Soares. In order to understand the pedagogical mediation of the inventive robot robotics activities for the competitions of the II Municipal Robotics Exhibition of the Viamão Municipality - Rio Grande do Sul. From the results, we can highlight that the students seek to improve their knowledge in related areas, such as physics, mathematics, electronics, programming, and mechanics. Assuming an inventive and active stance, it also enables students to build not only concepts, skills, but also values and ideals in order to contribute to society. Making them autonomous, independent and responsible citizens.
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Dent, Kyle, Richelle Dumond i Mike Kuniavsky. "A framework for systematically applying humanistic ethics when using AI as a design material". Temes de Disseny, nr 35 (25.07.2019): 178–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.46467/tdd35.2019.178-197.
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As machine learning and AI systems gain greater capabilities and are deployed more widely, we – as designers, developers, and researchers – must consider both the positive and negative implications of their use. In light of this, PARC’s researchers recognize the need to be vigilant against the potential for harm caused by artificial intelligence through intentional or inadvertent discrimination, unjust treatment, or physical danger that might occur against individuals or groups of people. Because AI-supported and autonomous decision making has the potential for widespread negative personal, social, and environmental effects, we aim to take a proactive stance to uphold human rights, respect individuals’ privacy, protect personal data, and enable freedom of expression and equality.
Technology is not inherently neutral and reflects decisions and trade-offs made by the designers, researchers, and engineers developing it and using it in their work. Datasets often reflect historical biases. AI technologies that hire people, evaluate their job performance, deliver their healthcare, and mete out penalties are obvious examples of possible areas for systematic algorithmic errors that result in unfair or unjust treatment. Because nearly all technology includes trade-offs and embodies the values and judgments of the people creating it, it is imperative that researchers are aware of the value judgments they make and are transparent about them with all stakeholders involved.
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Papantoniou, V., P. Avlakiotis i R. McN. Alexander. "Control of a robot dinosaur". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 354, nr 1385 (29.05.1999): 863–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1999.0438.
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The Palaiomation Consortium, supported by the European Commission, is building a robot Iguanodon atherfieldensis for museum display that is much more sophisticated than existing animatronic exhibits. The current half–size (2.5 m) prototype is fully autonomous, carrying its own computer and batteries. It walks around the room, choosing its own path and avoiding obstacles. A bigger version with a larger repertoire of behaviours is planned. Many design problems have had to be overcome. A real dinosaur would have had hundreds of muscles, and we have had to devise means of achieving life–like movement with a much smaller number of motors; we have limited ourselves to 20, to keep the control problems manageable. Realistic stance requires a narrower trackway and a higher centre of mass than in previous (often spider–like) legged robots, making it more difficult to maintain stability. Other important differences from previous walking robots are that the forelegs have to be shorter than the hind, and the machinery has had to be designed to fit inside a realistically shaped body shell. Battery life is about one hour, but to achieve this we have had to design the robot to have very low power consumption. Currently, this limits it to unrealistically slow movement. The control system includes a high–level instructions processor, a gait generator, a motion–coordination generator, and a kinematic model.
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Franco Aixelá, Javier. "La traducción científico-técnica: aportaciones desde los estudios de traducción". LETRAS, nr 53 (13.01.2013): 37–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/rl.1-53.2.
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Tradicionalmente, la traducción científico-técnica ha contado poco en la reflexión tanto lingüística como traductológica por partir de un lenguaje escasamente creativo. Hasta las últimas décadas del siglo XX los investigadores no comienzan a prestarle verdadera atención. En este trabajo se analizan las aportaciones de los estudios de traducción modernos a esta modalidad de transferencia interlingüística. La traductología se desarrolla a partir de una perspectiva textual y se vuelca sobre la optimización del texto meta, como un instrumento de comunicación semiautónomo que debe encajar en un nuevo sistema de expectativas y convenciones. Se presta atención a dos aspectos de la traducción: la interferencia y la posibilidad de mejora del texto original.
Traditionally, scientific and technical translation has been given less importance in linguistic and translatological research because it uses a variety of language which is barely creative. Until the last decades of the 20th century, researchers had not given it real attention. The main contributions made by modern translation studies are analyzed in this paper. Translation studies takes a textual stance and focuses on optimizing the target text, which is understood as a semi-autonomous communication tool that must fit into a new system of expectations and conventions. Two other translation issues are also addressed here: interference and the possibility of improving the source text.
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Elena, Seredkina. "Philosophical Foundations of Applied Anthropomorphism In Social Robotics". Technologos, nr 4 (2020): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/perm.kipf/2020.4.05.
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This article is devoted to the philosophical foundations of anthropomorphism in the context of Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), a new interdisciplinary field of research. On the basis of modern scientific works, a positive concept of anthropomorphism as a cognitive mechanism ensuring human adaptation to a complex external environment is formulated. The theoretical principles of applied anthropomorphism (AA) are being developed to identify the conditions for activating anthropomorphic projections in a user during an HRI act. There are two key factors in the structure of AA: appearance and autonomous behaviour. Asymmetry principle is formulated: behavioral realism is more important than highly anthropomorphic appearance. The principle of coherence is formulated: the necessity of synchronisation of the appearance and the robot's behaviour, that is, the level of development of behavioral patterns of the robotic system determines the degree of its anthropomorphism. Various forms of anthropomorphism are distinguished. These differences can be described in terms of involvement in cognitive activity. Anthropomorphism as passive ascription and simple projection receives negative assessment in social robotics, while anthropomorphism, which is deduced from autonomous robots behaviour or initiated by them, is assessed positively. The epistemological foundations of the robotic revolution of the late 80s-early 90s of the XX century are analysed; the methodology of "behavior-based robotics" is examined thoroughly. The behavioral approach in robotics is based on the concept of weak artificial intelligence, within which computational operations and functions of a machine represent concatenation of processes and can lead to the illusion of intelligence in a robot, primarily due to projective intelligence from a human-observer side. These questions are analysed in the context of modern philosophical theories, such as second-order cybernetics, autopoiesis. Anthropomorphism as active ascription of cognitive or emotional states to the robot from the observer side in order to rationalise the behaviour of the object is correlated with D. Dennett's intentional stance. At the end of the article, the phenomenon of attribution of human characteristics to non-human entities in Eastern religious cults is studied. The question of the ontological status of gods and robots is raised.
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Souza, João Antônio Vargas de, i Eliane Schlemmer. "Atividades de robótica como prática de transformação social". Cadernos de Educação Tecnologia e Sociedade 14, nr 2 (30.06.2021): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14571/brajets.v14.n2.221-230.
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The general objective of this article is to present the importance of robotics as well as the development of robots for use by elementary and middle students. In addition to discussing pedagogical mediation in this context. The reason for the development of this work centers on the need for studies on Robotics in the educational environment and its networks of relations with a focus on learning of students and on the need for a change in the culture of the school. The methodology of this work is based on the cartographic method of research and intervention that, instead of seeking a result or conclusion, seeks to follow the process, seeking to establish relationships. Thus, we began mapping the pedagogical mediation between the teachers and students of the municipal schools of Viamão, EMEF Residencial Figueira and EMEF Sergeant Manoel Raymundo Soares. In order to understand the pedagogical mediation of the inventive robot robotics activities for the competitions of the II Municipal Robotics Exhibition of the Viamão Municipality - Rio Grande do Sul. From the results, we can highlight that the students seek to improve their knowledge in related areas, such as in physics, mathematics, electronics, programming and mechanics. Assuming an inventive and active stance, it also enables students to build not only concepts, skills, but also values and ideals in order to contribute to society. Making them autonomous, independent and responsible citizens.
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Díaz Martínez, Karla. "MOVIMIENTOS SOCIALES E INTEGRACIÓN REGIONAL: EL CASO DE LA ARTICULACIÓN DE MOVIMIENTOS SOCIALES HACIA EL ALBA". Revista Pueblos y fronteras digital 8, nr 16 (1.12.2013): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/cimsur.18704115e.2013.16.76.
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El ALBA es un espacio de integración regional, alternativo al alca propuesto por EEUU, que inaugura una etapa denominada regionalismo posneoliberal. El ALBA desde sus orígenes ha contado con el acompañamiento de movimientos sociales de carácter antiimperialista y antineoliberal. La propia organización generó una instancia social: el Consejo de Movimientos Sociales; sin embargo, los movimientos sociales han generado de forma paralela y autónoma la Articulación de Movimientos Sociales hacia el ALBA. Este trabajo da cuenta de las características de este espacio de articulación social, a partir de propuestas teóricas pensadas en América Latina, y presenta un balance de las potencialidades y los desafíos de los movimientos sociales en el escenario latinoamericano y su influencia en la integración regional.
SOCIAL MOVEMENTS AND REGIONAL INTEGRATION: THE ARTICULATION OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS TOWARD ALBAABSTRACTALBA (the Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our Americas) is a regional integration entity created as an alternative to the US-proposed FTAA (Free Trade Area of the Americas, ALCA in Spanish). ALBA inaugurates a period that has been referred to as post-neoliberal regionalism. Since its origin, ALBA has been accompanied by social movements with an anti-imperialistic and anti-neoliberal stance. ALBA, itself, generated a social entity: the Social Movements Council. However, in a parallel and autonomous way, the social movements created the Articulation of Social Movements toward ALBA. This article describes the characteristics of this entity for social articulation based on theoretical proposals developed in Latin America, and presents a balance of the potentialities and challenges of social movements in Latin America and their incidence in regional integration.
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Ballon, Justine. "The entrepreneur-salaried employee-associate". Society and Business Review 14, nr 4 (3.12.2019): 415–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbr-07-2018-0077.
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Purpose The increasing number of self-employed workers in France transforms the historical work relationship. In this perspective, the case of entrepreneurs who works in Business and Employment Cooperatives (BECs) with the status of entrepreneur–employee–associate is studied. They combine two legal status of self-employed and employee which were previously legally and institutionally separated. BECs question the forms of relationships governing production and labor. This paper aims to determine to what degree this combination of relationships improves the autonomy of entrepreneurs and reduces the risks of autonomous activity. Design/methodology/approach This qualitative action research combined with a pragmatic approach using abductive reasoning was carried out in three BECs. It is based on participant observations and interviews. Findings The results show that three types of relationships are embedded in the labor relations of cooperative activity: the entrepreneurial relationship, the employment relationship and the associate member relationship. This configuration contributes to achieving autonomy in the organization of labor and the reduction of risks linked to entrepreneurial activity. However, the complexity of the embedded relations, the persistence of asymmetry and the contrast between the rules of cooperatives and companies limit the ambition of BECs. Practical implications They determine the ability of BECs to invent appropriate mechanisms to empower their entrepreneur members. Originality/value This study combines an action research stance with a pluridisciplinary approach. It offers new perspectives for understanding the mutations that modes of production and labor mobilization are going through in a period of change toward a post-Fordist paradigm.
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Bellefeuille, Gerard, i Ahna Bekikoff. "21st Century Child and Youth Care Education: An Ontological Relational Turn in Teaching and Learning". Research Journal of Education, nr 63 (25.03.2020): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/rje.63.14.24.
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The pedagogical challenges in preparing child and youth care (CYC) students for 21st century CYC practice, global citizenship, and life cannot be rightfully addressed by an antiquated higher education system predicated on a Newtonian/Cartesian ontology that assumes a mechanistic view of the materialistic world and a solitary view of the “self” as completely autonomous, ego-based, and self-enclosed. In this article, we propose an alternative ontological stance for teaching and learning in higher education, one that is informed by the growing body of relational ontology scholarship in theology, philosophy, psychology, nursing, political theory, educational theory, and even information science. The basic contention of a relational ontology is that all relations between entities are ontologically more fundamental than the entities themselves. Within this perspective, the “self” is not so much a personal possession as it is a process of relatedness and a reflection of one’s relational experiences. This view of the self has enormous implications for teaching and learning. A relational ontological approach to education will employ more holistic, collaborative, and experiential methods of teaching and learning in which the learner’s (i.e., the self’s) mind, body, emotions, spirit, and environment are all considered essential components of the learning process. The conversation presented in this article is an invitation to rethink the ontological foundations upon which CYC education is currently constructed and to explore the potential of an ontological revolution in CYC teaching and learning pedagogy. In CYC, as in other disciplines, it is the visionaries operating at the edges of the discipline’s philosophical, theoretical, and practice boundaries who provide the critical reflection and creativity of thought to nudge the field forward. Please join us in this adventure.
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Roger, Kenner R. C. "Bíblia Hebraica e os discursos sobre a divindade. Quando o outro me ensina sobre Deus..." REFLEXUS - Revista Semestral de Teologia e Ciências das Religiões 8, nr 11 (5.03.2015): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20890/reflexus.v8i11.181.
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RESUMO: Os estudos culturais revelaram nos últimos anos a dinâmica da cultura. Sabe-se que suas fronteiras são porosas, permitindo trocas e circularidades desde as relações culturais mais antigas. Por isso, acreditamos que os discursos sobre a divindade e as teologias que dão vida a fé do povo de Israel não são criações autônomas. Neste texto, mostraremos como os discursos sobre a divindade na Bíblia Hebraica são resultado da circularidade cultural. Assim, pretende-se mostrar que na dinâmica da formação das tradições do (s) judaísmo (s) antigo (s) Israel construiu seus discursos teológicos em diálogo com as culturas do Mundo Antigo. A partir deste dado, afirmar-se-á a postura de tolerância e respeito diante das plurais maneiras de conceber o Divino. Palavras-chave: Pluralidade. Mundo Antigo. Divindade. Bíblia Hebraica. ABSTRACT: Cultural studies in recent years have revealed the dynamics of the culture. It is known that its borders are porous, allowing exchanges and roundness from the oldest cultural relations. Therefore, we believe that the discourse on the divinity and theologies that enliven the faith of the people of Israel are not autonomous creations. In this paper, we show how the discourses on the deity in the Hebrew Bible are the result of cultural circularity. Thus, it is intended to show that the dynamics of the formation of traditions of Ancient Judaism in Israel built his theological discourses in dialogue with the cultures of the Ancient World. Based on this information, the paper will defend the stance of tolerance and respect in the face of many ways of thinking about the divine. Keywords: Plurality. Ancient World. Divinity. Hebrew Bible.
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Panizzolo, Fausto Antonio, Eugenio Annese, Antonio Paoli i Giuseppe Marcolin. "A Single Assistive Profile Applied by a Passive Hip Flexion Device Can Reduce the Energy Cost of Walking in Older Adults". Applied Sciences 11, nr 6 (23.03.2021): 2851. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062851.
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Difficulty walking in older adults affects their independence and ability to execute daily tasks in an autonomous way, which can result in a negative effect to their health status and risk of morbidity. Very often, reduced walking speed in older adults is caused by an elevated metabolic energy cost. Passive exoskeletons have been shown to offer a promising solution for lowering the energy cost of walking, and their simplicity could favor their use in real world settings. The goal of this study was to assess if a constant and consistent low torque applied by means of a passive exoskeleton to the hip flexors during walking could provide higher and more consistent metabolic cost reduction than previously achieved. Eight older adults walked on a treadmill at a constant speed of 1.1 m/s with and without the hip assistive device. Metabolic power and spatiotemporal parameters were measured during walking in these two conditions of testing. The hip assistive device was able to apply a low torque which initiates its assistive effect at mid-stance. This reduced the metabolic cost of walking across all the participants with respect to free walking (−4.2 ± 1.9%; p = 0.002). There were no differences in the spatiotemporal parameters reported. This study strengthened the evidence that passive assistive devices can be a valuable tool to reduce metabolic cost of walking in older adults. These findings highlighted the importance of investigating torque profiles to improve the performance provided by a hip assistive device. The simplicity and usability of a system of this kind can make it a suitable candidate for improving older adults’ independence.
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Hüls, Thorsten. "On the Approximation of Stable and Unstable Fiber Bundles of (Non)Autonomous ODEs — A Contour Algorithm". International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 26, nr 07 (30.06.2016): 1650118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127416501182.
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We propose an algorithm for the approximation of stable and unstable fibers that applies to autonomous as well as to nonautonomous ODEs. The algorithm is based on computing the zero-contour of a specific operator; an idea that was introduced in [Hüls, 2006] for discrete time systems. We present precise error estimates for the resulting contour algorithm and demonstrate its efficiency by computing stable and unstable fibers for a (non)autonomous pendulum equation in two space dimensions. Our second example is the famous three-dimensional Lorenz system for which several approximations of the two-dimensional Lorenz manifold are calculated. In both examples, we observe equally well performance for autonomously and nonautonomously chosen parameters.
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Beaudoin, Luc, Monika Pudło i Sylwia Hyniewska. "Mental Perturbance". SFU Educational Review 13, nr 1 (21.08.2020): 29–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21810/sfuer.v13i1.1282.
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Understanding intrusive mentation, rumination, obsession, and worry, known also as "repetitive thought" (RT), is important for understanding cognitive and affective processes in general. RT is of transdiagnostic significance—for example obsessive-compulsive disorder, insomnia and addictions involve counterproductive RT. It is also a key but under-acknowledged feature of emotional episodes. We argue that RT cannot be understood in isolation but must rather be considered within models of whole minds and for this purpose we suggest an integrative design-oriented (IDO) approach. This approach involves the design stance of theoretical Artificial Intelligence (the central discipline of cognitive science), augmented by systematic conceptual analysis, aimed at explaining how autonomous agency is possible. This requires developing, exploring and implementing cognitive-affective-conative information-processing architectures. Empirical research on RT and emotions needs to be driven by such theories, and theorizing about RT needs to consider such data. Mental perturbance is an IDO concept that, we argue, can help characterize, explain, and theoretically ground the concept of RT. Briefly, perturbance is a mental state in which motivators tend to disrupt, or otherwise influence, executive processes even if reflective processes were to try to prevent or minimize the motivators’ influence. We draw attention to an IDO architecture of mind, H-CogAff, to illustrate the IDO approach to perturbance. We claim, further, that the intrusive mentation of some affective states— including grief and limerence (the attraction phase of romantic love) — should be conceptualized in terms of perturbance and the IDO architectures that support perturbance. We call for new taxonomies of RT and emotion in terms of IDO architectures such as H-CogAff. We point to areas of research in psychology that would benefit from the concept of perturbance.
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Toh, Yancy, Wei Loong David Hung, Paul Meng-Huat Chua, Sujin He i Azilawati Jamaludin. "Pedagogical reforms within a centralised-decentralised system". International Journal of Educational Management 30, nr 7 (12.09.2016): 1247–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijem-10-2015-0147.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the dialectical interplay between centralisation and decentralisation forces so as to understand how schools leverage on its autonomous pedagogical space, influence the diffusion of innovations in the educational landscape of Singapore and how a centralised-decentralised system supports (or impedes) pedagogical reform for twenty-first century learning. Design/methodology/approach The paper first outlines the evolutionary stance of Singapore’s decentralisation from its past to present trajectories, thus providing a broader social-historical interpretation to its tight-loose-tight coupling of the education system; followed by situating the context of reform within the national narrative of Ministry of Education’s (MOE) twenty-first century competencies framework. The authors examine how school autonomy should be accompanied by systemic enabling mechanisms, through two case illustrations of whole-school reforms. Findings There are four carryover effects that the authors have observed: structural, socio-cultural, economic and epistemic. Middle managers from the two schools act as a pedagogical, socio-technological and financial broker outside the formal collaborative structures organised by the MOE. Such a “middle-out” approach, complemented by centralised mechanisms for “coeval sensing mechanism”, has resulted in boundary-spanning linkages and multiplier effects in terms of knowledge spillovers. Research limitations/implications Socio-cultural context matters; and what constitutes as co-learning between policymakers and practitioners in Singapore may be construed as policing that stifles innovations in other contexts. Originality/value In addition to the conceptualisation of how school autonomy may lead to school-based innovations, the paper provided some preliminary empirical evidence of how the co-production of knowledge has been engendered within, across and beyond individual Singapore schools through the mechanism of innovation diffusion. The unit of analysis is innovation ecosystem.
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Ahsanu, Muhamad. "Reflective Practice: its Contributions for Initial Pre-service Teachers and Further Teachers’ Professional Development". JPKMI (Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Indonesia) 2, nr 2 (5.05.2021): 102–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36596/jpkmi.v2i2.129.
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This article deals with the notion of reflective practice (RP) and how it may contribute to the professional development in teacher education programs especially for pre-service teachers and in-service teachers within the context of Indonesia. It aims to explore and explain the stance and features of RP and how it can serve to help both pre-service and in-service teachers improve their teaching quality and develop their teaching professionalism, especially those involved in English language teaching (ELT). This article examines the feasibility of this concept to be applied in Indonesian pedagogical contexts. Being widely accepted as an empowering teaching mode practice in most parts of the world, this RP plays a central role in triggering teachers' professional development, leading the teachers to be self-learning, autonomous learning, self-evaluating, and problem-solving-oriented practitioners. The research method used in this article is library research, through which the standpoint and characteristics of RP are explored and disclosed, and RP's potential can be maximized systematically. This library research method is realized based on the five research problems posed in this article. The same data on RP were extracted from research articles and textbooks on RP. The main findings suggest such aspects as the conceptualization of RP, defining features of RP practitioners, benefits teachers can gain from RP, and potential contributions of RP for both pre-service and in-service teachers' teaching competence and continual professional development. Hence, this RP article potentially provides a meaningful paradigm for language teachers and enriches their pedagogical repertoire. Thus, this article brings about two important notes. First, it theoretically portrays how RP can meaningfully affect the efficacy of ELT practice in Indonesia. Secondly, it fundamentally sets out RP conceptualization as the basis for professional teaching practice through continuous learning and development. That is, learning to develop through a critical self-evaluation of teachers' teaching practice
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Farkas, Joel, Daehwan Chung, Megan DeBarry, Michael W. W. Adams i Janet Westpheling. "Defining Components of the Chromosomal Origin of Replication of the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus Needed for Construction of a Stable Replicating Shuttle Vector". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, nr 18 (22.07.2011): 6343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.05057-11.
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ABSTRACTWe report the construction of a series of replicating shuttle vectors that consist of a low-copy-number cloning vector forEscherichia coliand functional components of the origin of replication (oriC) of the chromosome of the hyperthermophilic archaeonPyrococcus furiosus. In the process of identifying the minimum replication origin sequence required for autonomous plasmid replication inP. furiosus, we discovered that several features of the origin predicted by bioinformatic analysis andin vitrobinding studies were not essential for stable autonomous plasmid replication. A minimum region required to promote plasmid DNA replication was identified, and plasmids based on this sequence readily transformedP. furiosus. The plasmids replicated autonomously and existed in a single copy. In contrast to shuttle vectors based on a plasmid from the closely related hyperthermophilePyrococcus abyssifor use inP. furiosus, plasmids based on theP. furiosuschromosomal origin were structurally unchanged after transformation and were stable without selection for more than 100 generations.
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Tseng, Din-Chang, Chien-Hung Chen i Yi-Ming Chen. "Autonomous Tracking by an Adaptable Scaled KCF Algorithm". International Journal of Machine Learning and Computing 11, nr 1 (styczeń 2021): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijmlc.2021.11.1.1013.
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A multicopter is equipped by a passive tracking device to follow a specified target. However, if want to track a non-controlled target, the passive tracking device is failed. We propose a vision-based tracking system for multicopters, used computer vision method to track any target without additional tracking devices. In this study, propose scale candidate graphs and scale tables to improve KCF. There are also stable results when the scale changes. The proposed an adaptable scaled KCF algorithm, when the KCF tracking failed, a feature-based matching detector is used to re-detect the target. Several experiments on various scene based on the proposed approach were conducted and evaluated. Stable tracking results were obtain to show the feasibility of the proposed system.
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Fu, Yi, Howard Li i Mary Kaye. "Design and Lyapunov Stability Analysis of a Fuzzy Logic Controller for Autonomous Road Following". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2010 (2010): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/578406.
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Autonomous road following is one of the major goals in intelligent vehicle applications. The development of an autonomous road following embedded system for intelligent vehicles is the focus of this paper. A fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is designed for vision-based autonomous road following. The stability analysis of this control system is addressed. Lyapunov's direct method is utilized to formulate a class of control laws that guarantee the convergence of the steering error. Certain requirements for the control laws are presented for designers to choose a suitable rule base for the fuzzy controller in order to make the system stable. Stability of the proposed fuzzy controller is guaranteed theoretically and also demonstrated by simulation studies and experiments. Simulations using the model of the four degree of freedom nonholonomic robotic vehicle are conducted to investigate the performance of the fuzzy controller. The proposed fuzzy controller can achieve the desired steering angle and make the robotic vehicle follow the road successfully. Experiments show that the developed intelligent vehicle is able to follow a mocked road autonomously.
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Arianti, Nyayu Neti, i Indra Cahyadinata. "KAJIAN DAMPAK PEMEKARAN WILAYAH TERHADAP KINERJA EKONOMI DAERAH PESISIR DI PROVINSI BENGKULU". Jurnal AGRISEP 13, nr 2 (14.09.2014): 159–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jagrisep.13.2.159-176.
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The aims of this research were to analyze the impact of ECGI, WELFI, POVEI are used to regional divisions on coastal regions in Bengkulu Province to 1) economic performances before and after the divisions, and 2) economic performances of Core Region, New Autonomus Region, and both after the divisions. The results of this research : 1) the differential t test analyses of economic performance indicators in coastal region of Bengkulu Province showed that the economic growth before and after the divisions were not different, the GDP per capita after the divisions was higher than before, and the poverty indexes were same between before and after the divisions, and 2) the economic performance after the divisions of coastal region in Bengkulu Province could be explained that the economic growth of the Core Region was the highest and stable whereas the economic growth of the New Autonomous Region was the lowest and tend to unstable, the highest GDP per capita was occured on the Core Region and the lowest one was on the New Autonomous Region, while the lowest poverty index was on the Core Region and the highest one was on the New Autonomous Region.Keywords : impact, regional divisions, economic performance, coastal region
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Olejár, M., V. Cviklovič, D. Hrubý i O. Lukáč. "Autonomous control of biaxial tracking photovoltaic system". Research in Agricultural Engineering 61, Special Issue (2.06.2016): S48—S52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/29/2015-rae.
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Tracking photovoltaic systems maximize solar energy on the photovoltaic cells surface in order to maximize the energy gain at a given moment. Energy gain is dependent on the accuracy of photovoltaic cells direction, control method and tracking period. The control of tracking systems is based on theoretical calculations of sun position for a specific position in specific time. Designed control algorithm of the biaxial tracking photovoltaic system is able of autonomous navigation directed to the sun without knowing the position. It is based on the sun position sensor. The designed solution increases the solar gain by 33.8% in comparison with stable photovoltaic systems. It is usable in the research focused on the control method of step-controlled biaxial tracking photovoltaic devices.
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Jasudowicz, Tadeusz. "Podstawowe trendy orzecznictwa Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka w sprawach podatkowych". Studia Prawa Publicznego, nr 3 (31) (15.10.2020): 9–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/spp.2020.3.31.1.
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The case-law of the European Court of Human Rights in tax matters has developed in three dimensions. Firstly, it involved Article 1 of the Protocol No. 1 to the Convention with reference to “the payment of taxes”, viewed, notwithstanding the State’s wide margin of appreciation, in the light of the principle of the peaceful enjoyment of one’s possessions. Secondly, from the perspective of Article 6 paragraph 1 of the Convention, tax disputes can be covered by the guarantees of a fair trial where the proceedings and sanctions, for example, concerning tax surcharges, are qualified in their autonomous Convention meaning as a “criminal charge” against the taxpayer. Moreover, despite its traditional case-law, in the last years the Court has seemed to allow the possibility of qualifying tax disputes as concerning “civilrights and obligations” Thirdly, on the basis of Article 4 of Protocol No. 7 to the Convention, the Court has found violations of the prohibition “to be tried or punished again in criminal proceedings” in the context of dual, i.e. tax (administrative) and penal, proceedings. The author critically assesses the Court judgment in the case of A. and B. v. Norway, in which the Court did not find a violation of Article 4 of Protocol No. 7. In the Norwegian case, the distinct administrative and penal proceedings were in fact merged, since the state introduced a system of integrated legal answers to taxpayers’ behavior. According to Judge Pinto de Albuquerque, expressing a dissenting opinion, the Court in this judgment wrongly changed its stance from pro persona to pro auctoritate, possibly forgetting that it is a court of humanrights, and not a pleader of raison d’Etat. Although the Court declared that it considers the Convention “as a whole”, and seeks to ensure the consistency of the Convention system and harmony of its provisions, it might have lost sight of ties existing between them. Taxpayers are also individual humansand have a title to human rights, thus tax disputes are those of a human rights nature. Understandably, the ECHR must persist as a Court of Human Rights.
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Ramli, Hanif, Wahyu Kuntjoro i Ahmad Khushairy Makhtar. "Advanced Autonomous Multirotor Response System". Applied Mechanics and Materials 393 (wrzesień 2013): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.393.299.
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Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) in the form of multi-rotor system is having a great potential in various applications such as disaster management (as first response system) and surveillance. It is known that conventional helicopter system, capable of hovering, is practical and reliable as many applications have confirmed its capabilities. However it is only achievable once highly optimized control architecture is realized. The objective of the research presented in this paper is, to develop a small multi rotor UAV system that is able to autonomously flying from one way point to another in a stable manner. This small UAV is termed as Mini (or Micro) Aerial Vehicle (MAV). In this project, a four-rotor system was developed, and becoming the platform of various sensors system, flight control system, and electric propulsion system. The MAV was programmed to be able to lift off and fly to waypoints making use of GPS. This paper presents the architecture of the MAV and its autonomous flight.
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Gao, Youtao, Tanran Zhao, Bingyu Jin, Junkang Chen i Bo Xu. "Autonomous Orbit Determination for Lagrangian Navigation Satellite Based on Neural Network Based State Observer". International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9734164.
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In order to improve the accuracy of the dynamical model used in the orbit determination of the Lagrangian navigation satellites, the nonlinear perturbations acting on Lagrangian navigation satellites are estimated by a neural network. A neural network based state observer is applied to autonomously determine the orbits of Lagrangian navigation satellites using only satellite-to-satellite range. This autonomous orbit determination method does not require linearizing the dynamical mode. There is no need to calculate the transition matrix. It is proved that three satellite-to-satellite ranges are needed using this method; therefore, the navigation constellation should include four Lagrangian navigation satellites at least. Four satellites orbiting on the collinear libration orbits are chosen to construct a constellation which is used to demonstrate the utility of this method. Simulation results illustrate that the stable error of autonomous orbit determination is about 10 m. The perturbation can be estimated by the neural network.