Książki: „Autonomic changes”

1

Autonomía y transformación universitaria. [Caracas?]: Fondo Editorial Tropykos, 2011.

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Pechriggl, Alice. Utopiefähigkeit und Veränderung: Der Zeitbegriff und die Möglichkeit kollektiver Autonomie. Pfaffenweiler: Centaurus-Verlagsgesellschaft, 1993.

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Miller, E. J. From dependency to autonomy: Studies in organization and change. London: Free Association Books, 1993.

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Bottani, Norberto. Insegnanti al timone?: Fatti e parole dell'autonomia scolastica. Bologna: Il Mulino, 2002.

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editor, Fehmel Thilo, Lessenich Stephan editor i Preunkert Jenny editor, red. Systemzwang und Akteurswissen: Theorie und Empirie von Autonomiegewinnen. Frankfurt: Campus Verlag, 2014.

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Zlatkin-Troitschanskaia, Olga. Steuerbarkeit von Bildungssystemen mittels politischer Reformstrategien: Interdisziplinäre theoretische Analyse und empirische Studie zur Erweiterung der Autonomie im öffentlichen Schulwesen. Frankfurt am Main: Lang, 2006.

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Northern Ireland: What is it? : Professor Mansergh changes his mind. Belfast: Belfast Magazine, 2011.

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Inghilleri, P. From subjective experience to cultural change. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

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Millán, Patricio. Reformas educacionais e autonomia das escolas: Os casos da cidade de Nova Iorque, do Chile e do Estado de Minas Gerais. [Brasília, Brazil]: Banco Mundial, Departamento de Desenvolvimento Humano, Diretoria do Brasil, 1999.

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Hroch, Miroslav. Comparative studies in modern European history: Nation, nationalism, social change. Aldershot: Ashgate Variorum, 2007.

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Owen, Fitzpatrick, red. Conversations. Deerfield Beach, Fla: Health Communications, Inc., 2009.

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Bandler, Richard. Conversations with Richard Bandler: Two NLP Masters Reveal the Secrets to Successful Living. Deerfield Beach, Fla: Health Communications, Inc., 2009.

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Levy, Adrian. The Meadow: The Kashmir kidnapping that changed the face of modern terrorism. New Delhi: Penguin Books India, 2012.

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University autonomy, the state, and social change in China. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2009.

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Griffiths, Morwenna. Feminisms and the self: The web of identity. London: Routledge, 1995.

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Ortolani, Marc. Tende, 1699-1792: Destin d'une autonomie communale : aspects juridiques de la vie communautaire dans le comté de Nice au XVIIIème siècle. Breil-sur-Roya, France: Editions du Cabri, 1994.

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Fassari, Lia. L'autonomia universitaria tra testi e contesti: Dinamiche di cambiamento dell'università. Milano: FrancoAngeli, 2004.

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Cunha, Luiz Antônio Constant Rodrigues da. Qual universidade? São Paulo: Cortez, 1989.

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Davies, Mark. Medical self-regulation: Crisis and change. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate, 2007.

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Riley, Kathryn A. Whose school is it anyway? London: Falmer, 2003.

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Saeroun sahoe rŭl yŏnŭn kyoyuk chach'i hyŏngmyŏng: Chinbo kyoyukkam 4-yŏn, sŏngkwa wa kwaje. Sŏul-si: Sallimt'ŏ, 2014.

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Gagnon, Gabriel. Au cœur des possibles. Montréal, Québec: Editions Ecosociété, 1995.

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Oppermann, Thomas. Vom Staatsbetrieb zur Stiftung: Moderne Hochschulen für Deutschland. Göttingen: Wallstein, 2002.

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Sorensen, Karen. Polish higher education en route to the market: Institutional change and autonomy at two economics academies. Stockholm: Institute of International Education, Stockholm University, 1997.

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Cutting more ties that bind: Letting go of fear, anger, guilt, and jealousy so we can educate our children and change ourselves. York Beach, Me: S. Weiser, 1993.

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Czerwanski, Annette. Private Stiftungen und staatliche Schulen: Schulentwicklung durch nicht-staatliche Förderungsprogramme? Opladen: Leske + Budrich, 2000.

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Andrés, Aubry, Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional (Mexico) i CIDECI (Center), red. Primer Coloquio Internacional In Memoriam Andrés Aubry. San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, México: Cideci Unitierra Ediciones, 2009.

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Sack, Detlef. Legitimität und Self-Governance: Organisationen, Narrative und Mechanismen bei Wirtschaftskammern. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2014.

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Partir ou rester?: Sachez prendre les decisions qui vont changer votre vie. [Montreal]: Editions de l'Homme, 1998.

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Falk, Ursula A. On our own: Independent living for older persons. Buffalo, N.Y: Prometheus Books, 1989.

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(Taiwan), Qun ce hui, i Taiwan Election Collections (Library of Congress), red. Mai xiang zheng chang guo jia: Qun ce hui guo zheng yan tao hui lun wen ji. Taibei Xian Danshui Zhen: Cai tuan fa ren qun ce hui, 2002.

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Zone, Centre évolutif, red. Le pouvoir du futur: Le choix qui transforme nos vies. Montréal: Centre évolutif Zone, 1999.

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Dávila, Amílcar. Historia moderna de la etnicidad en Guatemala: La visión hegemónica : Siglos XVIII y XIX. Guatemala: Universidad Rafael Landívar, Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales, 1996.

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Massachusetts. Commission on the Future of the State College and Community College Systems. Responding to change: New directions for public colleges in Massachusetts : a report of the Commission on the Future of the State College and Community College Systems. Boston, Mass.]: The Commission, 1992.

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Chokroverty, Sudhansu, i Sushanth Bhat. Physiological changes in sleep. Redaktorzy Sudhansu Chokroverty, Luigi Ferini-Strambi i Christopher Kennard. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199682003.003.0006.

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It is important for clinicians to be conversant with the physiological changes that occur in various organ systems during sleep, and the impact that sleep fragmentation and sleep deprivation have on the normal functioning of these systems. This chapter therefore strives to provide a brief overview of the physiological changes associated with sleep that occur in the central nervous system (CNS), the autonomic nervous system (ANS), the neuromuscular system, the respiratory system (including changes in the control of breathing during various stages of sleep) and cardiovascular systems, the gastrointestinal tract, the endocrine system, and the systems controlling thermoregulation and immune regulation. Additionally, the mechanisms underlying muscle hypotonia in sleep, as well as sleep-related changes in cerebral blood flow and cytokine function are discussed.

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E, Crema Felice, Pollini Gabriele 1953- i Federazione provinciale delle scuole materne (Trento, Italy), red. Scuola, autonomia, mutamento sociale. Roma: Armando, 1989.

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Mason, Peggy. Introduction to Homeostasis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190237493.003.0026.

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Three common misconceptions regarding homeostasis are dispelled. First, the brain has the unique ability to mount an anticipatory defense against changes that could potentially push the body’s physiology out of homeostatic range. Such anticipation of needed adjustments is contrasted to the model of homeostasis as a servomechanism. Second, homeostasis depends on many neurons, not just those in the hypothalamus. Yet hypothalamic neurons play a special role in the integration of challenges and coordination of diverse effector reactions. Third, the idea that homeostasis is the purview of the autonomic nervous system is corrected. As exemplified by respiration and micturition, the brain employs skeletal muscle as well as autonomic targets in supporting visceral life. Finally, the allostatic perspective on the brain’s contribution to staying alive is contrasted with the standard homeostatic perspective and illustrated by examples.

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Colombetti, Giovanna, i Neil Harrison. From physiology to experience: Enriching existing conceptions of “arousal” in affective science. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198811930.003.0013.

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This chapter examines the notion of “arousal”, an influential notion in affective science referring to the degree of an individual’s “activation” or “excitement” during an emotional state. It considers this notion specifically in relation to interoception, defined broadly as “sensitivity to stimuli arising inside the organism.” “Physiological arousal” is distinguished from “experienced arousal” and it is argued that both need to be characterized more broadly than commonly done. Physiological arousal cannot be reduced to sympathetic activation, as it involves complex interactions between multiple functionally distinct pathways within sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system, as well as endocrine and immune systems, and even the gut microbiota. Relatedly, experienced arousal does not reduce to the perception of changes in the body sensed by visceral afferents in response to autonomic nervous system activity but also includes humorally mediated interoceptive pathways, somatic sensations of various kinds, and “background” bodily feelings.

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Roos, Raymund A. C. Clinical Neurology. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199929146.003.0002.

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Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder characterized by motor behavior changes, chorea and hypokinesia, psychiatric disturbances, and dementia. In this chapter the clinical symptoms and signs of the changes in motor behavior are described in detail as they evolve from the premanifest stage, through the conversion to manifest disease, and finally the to the last stage of the disease. Attention is also given to the less well known secondary signs of HD, such as weight loss, sleep disturbances, and autonomic dysregulation. The first presentation of the illness and the stages involved in reaching the clinical diagnosis are described. Finally, the differential diagnosis of chorea is discussed.

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Neyrinck, Arne P., Patrick Ferdinande, Dirk Van Raemdonck i Marc Van de Velde. Donor organ management. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0034.

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Organ transplantation is the standard treatment modality for end-stage organ disease in selected cases. Two types of potential organ donors can be identified: the brain-dead ‘heart-beating donors’, referred to as DBD (donation after brain death), and the warm ischaemic ‘non-heart-beating donors’, referred to as DCD (donation after circulatory death). Brain death induces several physiological changes in the DBD donor. An autonomic storm is characterized by massive catecholamine release, followed by autonomic depletion during a vasoplegic phase. This is associated with several hormonal changes (suppression of vasopressin, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis) and an inflammatory response. These physiological changes form the basis of organ donor management, including cardiovascular stabilization and hormonal therapy (including vasopressin and analogues, thyroid hormone, and cortisol). Donor management is the continuation of critical care, with a shift towards individual organ stabilization. An aggressive approach to maximize organ yield is recommended; however, many treatment strategies need further investigation in large randomized trials. DCD donors have now evolved as a valid alternative to increase the potential donor pool and challenge the clinician with new questions. Optimal donor comfort therapy and end-of-life care are important to minimize the agonal phase. A strict approach towards the determination of death, based on cardiorespiratory criteria, is prerequisite. Novel strategies have been developed, using ex situ organ perfusion as a tool, to evaluate and recondition donor organs. They might become more important in the future to further optimize organ quality.

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Woodford, Henry J., i James George. Examining the nervous system of an older patient. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198701590.003.0111.

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Ageing is associated with changes in the nervous system, especially the accumulation of neurodegenerative and white matter lesions within the brain. Abnormalities are commonly found when examining older people and some of these are associated with functional impairment and a higher risk of death. In order to reliably interpret examination findings it is important to assess cognition, hearing, vision, and speech first. Clarity of instruction is key. Interpretation of findings must take into account common age-related changes. For example, genuine increased tone should be distinguished from paratonia. Power testing should look for asymmetry within the individual, rather than compare to the strength of the examiner. Parkinsonism should be looked for and gait should be observed. Neurological assessment can incorporate a range of cortical abilities and tests of autonomic function, but the extent of these assessments is likely to be determined by the clinical situation and time available.

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Walsh, Richard A. Parkinson’s Disease with an Unusual Tremor. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190607555.003.0009.

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Multiple system atrophy represents a form of atypical parkinsonism that is challenging to manage and results in rapidly progressive disability and dependence in the absence of effective disease-modifying or symptomatic therapies. Two syndromes are recognized, both associated with autonomic dysfunction—MSA-C and MSA-P, with a predominance of parkinsonian and cerebellar features, respectively. Magnetic resonance imaging can assist with an early diagnosis, demonstrating certain features that can be considered diagnostic in the right clinical context. The typical changes described may not be apparent on an initial scan, so it is worth repeating imaging 1 or 2 years later if the clinical features and course are typical of multiple system atrophy.

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Walsh, Richard A. Always Worth a Second Look. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190607555.003.0031.

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The serotonin syndrome is a toxic syndrome resulting from excessive stimulation of central 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors. This is most commonly an iatrogenic syndrome, which in its most severe form can be fatal. It is more common for milder forms to present, and there is increasing recognition of serotoninergic drugs that can give rise to serotonin syndrome when used in combination. It is essential for physicians to be familiar with the clinical features of serotonin toxicity and similar syndromes discussed in this chapter that are marked by altered awareness, autonomic instability, changes in muscle tone, and pyrexia. Withdrawal of the drug(s) believed to be responsible and supportive care are the primary therapeutic steps.

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Scherer, Klaus, Marcello Mortillaro i Marc Mehu. Facial Expression Is Driven by Appraisal and Generates Appraisal Inference. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190613501.003.0019.

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Emotion researchers generally concur that most emotions in humans and animals are elicited by the appraisals of events that are highly relevant for the organism, generating action tendencies that are often accompanied by changes in expression, autonomic physiology, and feeling. Scherer’s component process model of emotion (CPM) postulates that individual appraisal checks drive the dynamics and configuration of the facial expression of emotion and that emotion recognition is based on appraisal inference with consequent emotion attribution. This chapter outlines the model and reviews the accrued empirical evidence that supports these claims, covering studies that experimentally induced specific appraisals or that used induction of emotions with typical appraisal configurations (measuring facial expression via electromyographic recording) or behavioral coding of facial action units. In addition, recent studies analyzing the mechanisms of emotion recognition are shown to support the theoretical assumptions.

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Hessen, Hochschulstrukturkommission des Landes, i Hesse (Germany). Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Kunst., red. Autonomie und Verantwortung: Hochschulreform unter schwierigen Bedingungen : Bericht der Hochschulstrukturkommission des Landes Hessen. Frankfurt/Main: Campus, 1995.

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Newberg, Andrew B., i David B. Yaden. The Neurobiology of Meditation and Stress Reduction. Redaktorzy Anthony J. Bazzan i Daniel A. Monti. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190690557.003.0004.

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Meditation is a complex mental process that involves changes in cognition, sensory perception, emotions, hormones, and autonomic activity. Several brain regions are involved in these practices, particularly as they relate to improvements in brain function and psychological parameters, including the thalamus, frontal lobes, limbic system, and parietal lobes. Additionally, many different neurotransmitter systems are likely affected by meditation practices. Meditation programs have become widely used, either alone or combined with other therapies, for stress reduction depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder. There has been an increasing understanding of the overall biological mechanism of meditation practices in terms of their effects on both the brain and body. Recent studies using clinical tools and functional neuroimaging have substantially augmented the knowledge of the biology of meditative practices. This chapter reviews current understanding regarding the physiological and neurophysiological effects of meditation practices as they pertain to brain health.

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Brandner, Brigitta. Explaining reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Redaktorzy Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu i Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0003.

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The medical community had long been aware of a constellation of symptoms involving pain, bone atrophy, and trophic changes that could occur following a trauma; however, this paper was the first to unify and explain the syndrome. James Evans amalgamated other theories of the time and was the first to realize the fundamental role of the autonomic nervous system in explaining the pathophysiology of the condition, which he named ‘reflex sympathetic dystrophy’. Evans uses 57 cases histories to highlight the variety of noxious stimuli that may result in reflex sympathetic dystrophy, and goes onto outline the local anaesthetic blocks and sympathectomies he used to treat them. This is a seminal paper because Evans is the first to use the term ‘reflex sympathetic dystrophy’ and, in doing so, proposes an underlying mechanism for a disease process that, while known, was until then very poorly understood.

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Pitt, Matthew. Pathophysiological correlations in neuropathies. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754596.003.0004.

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This chapter begins with an explanation of the pathophysiological correlations between the recorded changes and the underlying diagnosis which allow classification into demyelinating and axonal neuropathy. Demyelinating neuropathies are discussed first. The extensive and ever expanding literature in hereditary neuropathies is highlighted. The different variants of the acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy encountered in children are discussed along with the electrodiagnostic criteria for the diagnosis. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy is then covered, both in its clinical presentation and electrodiagnosis. Other causes such as MNGIE and Lyme disease are highlighted. In the section on axonal neuropathy, division into hereditary and acquired is made. The diagnosis of sensorimotor hereditary neuropathies is discussed along with primarily sensory neuropathies including ataxia telangiectasia, Friedreich’s ataxia, and abetalipoproteinaemia, finishing with discussion of the hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies. The many different causes of acquired axonal neuropathy are listed and discussed including neoplasia, endocrine disturbances, metabolic conditions, infective agents, autoimmune conditions, mitochondrial disease, drugs, and vitamin deficiency, finishing with critical illness neuromyopathy.

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Covassin, Naima, i Virend K. Somers. The cardiovascular system during sleep. Redaktor Guido Grassi. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0028.

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The majority of molecular, physiological, and behavioural processes undergo substantial variations across a 24 h period. The health implications of such fluctuations, whether they are expressions of an intrinsic circadian rhythmicity or are secondary to changes in physical activity, posture, and/or sleep, are increasingly recognized. Similar to other biological functions, the cardiovascular system exhibits a prominent day–night profile, with profound haemodynamic, autonomic, and hormonal oscillations occurring during the sleep period. These time-dependent and sleep stage-dependent patterns of function have important clinical significance. The cardiovascular downregulation achieved throughout the night while asleep may be restorative and protective against adverse events, while the morning physiological activation coincident with awakening facilitates resumption of daytime activities. Nevertheless, rather than beneficial, these activity configurations may be pathogenic in individuals with a vulnerable substrate and may favour onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular complications may also arise as a consequence of abnormal day–night periodicity and disturbed sleep quantity and quality. Hence, consideration of the diurnal pattern of cardiovascular activity is critical in the clinical setting.

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Miller, E. J. From Dependency to Autonomy: Studies in Organization and Change. Free Association Books, 1994.

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